( ( Given ( ( ( ( that ( ( rates ( of anthropogenically ) ) ( caused ( extinctions ( are ( ( 1000 ( to ( 100,000 times ) ) ) ( the ( natural ( background rate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( that ( ( by ( 2050 a ) ) ( predicted ( ( ( 50 % ) ( of ( ( all species ) ( of life ) ) ) ) ( will ( be extinct ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( there ( ( is ( a ( pressing ( urgency ( to ( ( understand ( ( the role ) ( of ( biodiversity ( in ( ecosystem function ) ) ) ) ) ) everywhere ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (PP (VBN Given) (SBAR (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS rates)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN anthropogenically)))) (VP (VBD caused) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS extinctions)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (QP (CD 1000) (TO to) (CD 100,000) (NNS times)) (DT the) (JJ natural) (NN background) (NN rate)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (PP (IN by) (NP (CD 2050) (DT a))) (VP (VBD predicted) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (CD 50) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT all) (NN species)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN life)))))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ extinct))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (JJ pressing) (NN urgency) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB understand) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN role)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN biodiversity)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN ecosystem) (NN function)))))) (ADVP (RB everywhere))))))) (. .)))
Given that rates of anthropogenically caused extinctions are 1000 to 100,000 times the natural background rate, and that by 2050 a predicted 50% of all species of life will be extinct, there is a pressing urgency to understand the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function everywhere.
(ROOT (S (NP (CD 2050)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJ predicted) (NN year)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (QP (RB as) (JJ many) (IN as) (DT half))) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT all) (VBG remaining) (NNS species)))) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB go) (ADJP (JJ extinct))))))) (. .)))
2050 is the predicted year that as many as half of all remaining species could go extinct.