( ( ( The ( cold ( , ( deep waters ) ) ) ) ( from below ) ) ( ( rise ( to ( the ( surface ( to ( replace ( these ( ( ( diverted waters ) , ) ( causing upwelling ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ cold) (, ,) (JJ deep) (NNS waters)) (PP (IN from) (ADVP (RB below)))) (VP (VBP rise) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN surface) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB replace) (NP (NP (DT these)) (VP (VBN diverted) (NP (NNS waters)) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG causing) (NP (NN upwelling)))))))))))) (. .)))
The cold, deep waters from below rise to the surface to replace these diverted waters, causing upwelling.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Upwelling)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN term)) (PP (IN for) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (JJ deep) (NN ocean) (NN water)) (VP (VBZ rises) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN surface))))))))) (. .)))
Upwelling is the term for when deep ocean water rises to the surface.