NEWS RELEASE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL USDL-19-1386 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, July 31, 2019 Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – June 2019 Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.6 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period ending in June 2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries increased 0.7 percent and benefit costs increased 0.5 percent from March 2019. (See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.) Civilian Workers Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 compared with an increase of 2.8 percent in June 2018. Wages and salaries increased 2.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 and increased 2.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2018. Benefit costs increased 2.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019. In June 2018, the increase was 2.9 percent. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.) Private Industry Workers Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.6 percent over the year, compared with a compensation cost increase of 2.9 percent in June 2018. Wages and salaries increased 3.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 and increased 2.9 percent in June 2018. The cost of benefits rose 1.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 and increased 2.8 percent in June 2018. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) Employer costs for health benefits increased 2.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019. (For further information, see chart 3 and www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.txt.) Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 ranged from 2.1 percent for natural resource, construction, and maintenance occupations to 3.7 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.) Among private industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 ranged from 1.0 percent for information to 3.6 percent for leisure and hospitality. (See table 5.) State and Local Government Workers Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 3.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019. In June 2018, the increase was 2.3 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019 and 1.9 percent a year ago. Benefit costs increased 3.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in June 2019. The prior year increase was 3.1 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change] Category 3-month,

seasonally adjusted 12-month, not seasonally adjusted Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Sep.

2018 Dec.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Civilian workers Compensation 0.7 0.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 Wages and salaries 0.7 0.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 Benefits 0.7 0.5 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.3 Private industry Compensation 0.7 0.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.6 Wages and salaries 0.7 0.6 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 Benefits 0.5 0.4 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4 1.8 State and local government Compensation 0.7 0.7 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.0 Wages and salaries 0.6 0.5 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 Benefits 1.0 0.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.6

The Employment Cost Index for September 2019 is scheduled for release on October 31, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. BLS news releases, including the Employment Cost Index, are available through an email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. Videos and information graphics explaining the Employment Cost Index and how it is used are available at www.bls.gov/eci/videos.htm. Highlights of recent National Compensation Survey data are available in The Economics Daily at www.bls.gov/opub/ted/national-compensation-survey.htm. An overview of available BLS compensation measures and an interactive guide on choosing among them are available at the BLS Commissioner’s Corner on “Making it Easier to Find Data on Pay and Benefits” at blogs.bls.gov/blog/2018/10/24/making-it-easier-to-find-data-on-pay-and-benefits.

TECHNICAL NOTE The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment,and imputation see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. Sample size Data for the June 2019 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 26,500 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,400 private industry establishments and approximately 7,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Standard errors To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors of all current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the public data query tools at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. Historical listings Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification System series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation news release (ECEC). The ECEC release dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/2019/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI. Fixed Employment Weights For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-index.htm.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation , by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended- Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2017 Sep.

2017 Dec.

2017 Mar.

2018 Jun.

2018 Sep.

2018 Dec.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Civilian workers All workers 136.2 137.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 Industry Goods-producing industries 133.1 134.0 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 Manufacturing 132.9 133.7 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 Service-providing industries 136.9 137.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 Education and health services 136.0 136.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 Educational services 136.6 137.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Elementary and secondary schools 136.7 137.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 136.4 137.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 Health care and social assistance 135.4 136.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 Hospitals 135.9 136.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 Nursing and residential care facilities 132.3 133.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 Public administration 140.5 141.4 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 Private industry workers All workers 135.5 136.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 134.7 135.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 Management, business, and financial 136.1 137.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 Professional and related 133.6 134.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 Sales and office 136.3 136.9 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 Sales and related 132.0 132.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 Office and administrative support 139.3 140.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 135.5 136.0 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 135.6 136.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 Installation, maintenance, and repair 135.3 135.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 Production, transportation, and material moving 136.3 137.2 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 Production 133.5 134.4 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.7 Transportation and material moving 139.8 140.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.6 Service occupations 136.9 138.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2 Industry Goods-producing industries 133.1 134.0 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 Construction 133.5 134.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 Manufacturing 132.9 133.7 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 Aircraft manufacturing 121.2 121.7 0.7 8.5 0.4 1.5 0.3 -6.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 Service-providing industries 136.2 137.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities 138.3 139.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 Wholesale trade 134.2 133.8 0.3 0.8 0.4 1.0 -0.1 1.8 0.7 0.8 -0.3 Retail trade 138.7 139.9 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 Transportation and warehousing 141.2 142.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 Utilities 148.3 149.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.7 Information 135.9 134.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.9 0.8 0.4 0.8 -1.0 Financial activities 135.9 136.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.2 Finance and insurance 136.2 136.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.2 Credit intermediation and related activities 134.3 134.8 0.6 0.5 -0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.4 Insurance carriers and related activities 138.0 138.2 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 Real estate and rental and leasing 134.4 134.8 0.9 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.3 Professional and business services 136.0 137.2 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.9 Professional, scientific, and technical services 138.1 139.4 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.9 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services 133.1 134.2 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 Education and health services 134.7 135.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 Educational services 134.8 135.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 137.0 137.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 Health care and social assistance 134.7 135.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.6 Hospitals 135.4 136.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 Nursing and residential care facilities 130.6 131.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 Leisure and hospitality 136.6 137.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.8 Accommodations and food services 137.6 139.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.1 Other services, except public administration 136.6 137.9 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 State and local government workers All workers 138.8 139.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Industry Education and health services 137.4 138.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Educational services 137.0 138.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Schools 136.9 137.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 Elementary and secondary schools 137.2 138.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 Health care and social assistance 140.5 141.4 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 Hospitals 137.9 138.5 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.4 Public administration 140.5 141.4 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended- Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2017 Sep.

2017 Dec.

2017 Mar.

2018 Jun.

2018 Sep.

2018 Dec.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Civilian workers All workers 134.8 135.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 Industry Goods-producing industries 134.1 135.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 Manufacturing 134.2 135.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 Service-providing industries 135.0 135.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 Education and health services 132.1 132.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 Educational services 129.4 130.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 Elementary and secondary schools 128.2 128.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 131.7 132.5 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 Health care and social assistance 135.0 135.8 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 Hospitals 134.9 135.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.6 Nursing and residential care facilities 132.3 133.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 Public administration 131.6 132.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 Private industry workers All workers 135.9 136.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 135.4 136.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 Professional and related 134.4 135.1 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 Sales and office 136.4 137.0 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 Sales and related 132.8 133.1 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.2 Office and administrative support 139.1 140.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 134.3 135.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 134.8 135.8 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 Installation, maintenance, and repair 133.7 134.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 Production, transportation, and material moving 137.0 137.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 Production 134.3 135.3 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 Transportation and material moving 140.0 140.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.7 Service occupations 138.0 139.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 Industry Goods-producing industries 134.2 135.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 Construction 133.5 134.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 Manufacturing 134.2 135.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 Aircraft manufacturing 143.0 143.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.5 Service-providing industries 136.4 137.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities 137.5 138.1 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.4 Retail trade 139.3 140.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.9 Transportation and warehousing 140.7 141.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.5 Utilities 143.3 144.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 Information 132.9 133.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.5 Financial activities 136.8 136.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0 -0.1 Finance and insurance 137.6 137.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.0 -0.1 Credit intermediation and related activities 133.6 133.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.2 Insurance carriers and related activities 137.2 136.9 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.3 -0.2 Professional and business services 136.6 137.9 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.0 Professional, scientific, and technical services 138.6 140.1 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.0 1.1 Education and health services 134.8 135.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.6 Educational services 133.3 134.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 134.5 135.3 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 Health care and social assistance 135.1 135.9 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 Nursing and residential care facilities 132.3 133.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 Leisure and hospitality 139.5 140.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6 1.0 Accommodations and food service 140.2 141.9 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2 Other services, except public administration 137.0 138.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 State and local government workers All workers 130.3 131.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 Industry Education and health services 129.3 130.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 Educational services 128.7 129.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 Schools 128.7 129.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 Elementary and secondary schools 128.1 128.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 Health care and social assistance 134.1 134.7 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 Hospitals 133.0 133.4 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.3 Public administration 131.6 132.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended- Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2017 Sep.

2017 Dec.

2017 Mar.

2018 Jun.

2018 Sep.

2018 Dec.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Civilian workers All workers 139.3 140.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 Private industry workers All workers 134.6 135.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 133.0 133.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 Sales and office 136.2 136.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 138.0 137.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.7 -0.4 Production, transportation, and material moving 134.9 135.7 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 Service occupations 133.3 134.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.9 Industry Goods-producing industries 130.8 131.6 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.9 0.6 Manufacturing 130.4 131.1 0.5 1.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.9 0.5 Service-providing industries 136.0 136.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 State and local government workers All workers 155.8 157.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation , for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 All workers 133.3 136.2 136.9 0.6 0.9 0.5 2.8 2.8 2.7 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.6 136.3 137.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 132.9 135.4 136.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 Management, business, and financial 134.1 136.5 137.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.3 2.5 Professional and related 132.3 134.8 135.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 Sales and office 133.6 136.8 137.5 0.9 1.0 0.5 3.4 3.3 2.9 Sales and related 128.6 132.2 132.5 0.6 0.9 0.2 3.5 3.4 3.0 Office and administrative support 136.6 139.7 140.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 3.3 3.3 2.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 133.7 135.8 136.6 1.1 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.7 2.2 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 133.6 135.8 137.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair 133.8 135.7 136.2 1.4 0.4 0.4 3.1 2.8 1.8 Production, transportation, and material moving 133.6 136.8 137.5 0.5 1.3 0.5 3.2 2.9 2.9 Production 131.3 133.7 134.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 3.1 2.5 2.5 Transportation and material moving 136.4 140.4 141.0 0.4 1.5 0.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Service occupations 134.9 138.7 139.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 3.1 3.4 3.6 Industry Goods-producing industries 130.9 133.1 134.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.8 2.5 2.4 Manufacturing 130.8 132.9 133.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.9 2.2 2.3 Service-providing industries 133.8 136.7 137.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.8 2.9 2.8 Education and health services 132.9 135.8 136.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 Educational services 133.0 136.2 136.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.3 2.7 2.8 Elementary and secondary schools 132.9 136.3 136.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.4 2.9 2.9 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 133.3 136.3 136.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.2 2.6 2.7 Health care and social assistance 132.7 135.5 136.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 Hospitals 133.1 135.9 136.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 2.1 2.6 2.7 Nursing and residential care facilities 129.9 132.3 133.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.9 2.5 2.5 Public administration 136.7 140.4 140.9 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.2 3.1 3.1 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation , for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 All workers 132.9 135.6 136.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 2.9 2.8 2.6 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.2 135.7 136.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 2.9 2.6 2.6 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 132.6 134.8 135.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 Excluding incentive paid occupations 132.0 134.1 134.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 Management, business, and financial 133.9 136.2 137.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 2.5 2.3 2.5 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.3 135.3 136.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.5 2.1 2.3 Professional and related 131.6 133.7 134.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 Sales and office 133.2 136.4 137.1 0.9 1.0 0.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 Excluding incentive paid occupations 135.7 138.5 139.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 3.5 3.3 2.9 Sales and related 128.5 132.0 132.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 3.5 3.4 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.8 136.7 137.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 Office and administrative support 136.5 139.5 140.5 1.1 1.1 0.7 3.3 3.3 2.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 133.4 135.3 136.2 1.2 0.6 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.1 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 133.4 135.5 136.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.5 2.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair 133.4 135.1 135.6 1.6 0.4 0.4 3.3 2.9 1.6 Production, transportation, and material moving 133.2 136.4 137.2 0.5 1.3 0.6 3.3 2.9 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.3 136.1 137.2 0.5 1.0 0.8 3.2 2.6 2.9 Production 131.1 133.5 134.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 3.1 2.5 2.5 Excluding incentive paid occupations 131.4 133.9 134.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 3.1 2.6 2.6 Transportation and material moving 136.0 140.1 140.7 0.4 1.7 0.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 Service occupations 133.5 137.2 138.5 0.6 1.2 0.9 3.3 3.4 3.7 Industry and occupational group Goods-producing industries 130.9 133.1 134.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.8 2.5 2.4 Excluding incentive paid occupations 131.3 133.4 134.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.8 2.4 2.4 Management, professional, and related 129.5 131.4 132.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 3.1 2.1 2.2 Sales and office 132.0 135.2 136.4 1.2 0.7 0.9 3.0 3.7 3.3 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 132.9 134.7 136.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.6 2.4 2.4 Production, transportation, and material moving 130.1 132.5 133.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 2.7 2.3 2.5 Construction 131.1 133.4 134.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 Manufacturing 130.8 132.9 133.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.9 2.2 2.3 Management, professional, and related 130.9 132.6 133.3 0.7 1.1 0.5 3.1 2.0 1.8 Sales and office occupations 133.5 136.8 138.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 2.7 3.3 3.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 131.8 132.8 133.9 0.8 0.5 0.8 2.7 1.5 1.6 Production, transportation, and material moving 129.8 132.2 133.0 0.5 1.1 0.6 2.8 2.3 2.5 Aircraft manufacturing 132.3 122.1 122.4 0.2 1.5 0.2 13.6 -7.6 -7.5 Service-providing industries 133.5 136.3 137.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.9 2.8 2.7 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.9 136.5 137.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 Management, professional, and related 133.2 135.4 136.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 Sales and office 133.3 136.5 137.2 0.9 1.0 0.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 134.1 136.2 136.4 1.6 0.5 0.1 3.2 3.2 1.7 Production, transportation, and material moving 136.8 140.9 141.5 0.7 1.6 0.4 3.7 3.7 3.4 Service occupations 133.4 137.2 138.4 0.6 1.2 0.9 3.3 3.5 3.7 Trade, transportation, and utilities 135.0 138.4 139.2 0.7 1.2 0.6 3.1 3.3 3.1 Excluding incentive paid occupations 135.9 138.7 140.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 3.2 3.1 3.0 Wholesale trade 130.0 134.2 133.8 0.0 0.9 -0.3 2.1 3.2 2.9 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.3 136.6 137.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 3.0 2.7 2.4 Retail trade 136.2 138.6 140.3 1.4 0.9 1.2 3.7 3.2 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.6 137.7 139.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 3.3 3.6 3.3 Transportation and warehousing 137.5 141.5 142.2 0.5 1.6 0.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 Utilities 144.3 148.5 149.6 0.6 2.4 0.7 2.9 3.5 3.7 Information 133.4 135.6 134.8 3.1 1.0 -0.6 4.5 4.8 1.0 Financial activities 133.8 135.6 136.7 1.4 1.0 0.8 3.2 2.7 2.2 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.9 136.4 137.4 1.1 1.2 0.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 Finance and insurance 134.3 135.9 137.1 1.6 1.0 0.9 3.4 2.8 2.1 Credit intermediation and related activities 132.3 134.2 135.4 1.3 1.3 0.9 2.4 2.8 2.3 Excluding incentive paid 136.3 138.8 139.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 2.4 3.0 2.6 Insurance carriers and related activities 136.3 137.8 139.1 1.6 1.5 0.9 2.6 2.8 2.1 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.5 136.9 138.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 Real estate and rental and leasing 131.3 134.5 134.9 0.3 1.1 0.3 2.3 2.8 2.7 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.7 138.1 138.7 0.5 1.0 0.4 2.5 3.1 3.0 Professional and business services 133.8 136.3 137.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.7 2.3 2.7 Professional, scientific, and technical services 135.8 138.6 139.5 -0.1 0.8 0.6 2.3 2.0 2.7 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services 130.5 133.1 134.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.4 2.9 2.8 Education and health services 132.1 134.7 135.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 2.2 2.5 2.6 Educational services 132.1 134.6 135.2 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 133.8 136.8 137.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.7 2.9 2.6 Health care and social assistance 132.1 134.8 135.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.2 2.6 2.6 Hospitals 132.8 135.5 136.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.6 2.7 Nursing and residential care facilities 128.3 130.7 131.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 2.7 2.4 2.4 Nursing care facilities 127.8 130.2 130.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 Leisure and hospitality 133.0 137.0 137.8 0.3 1.0 0.6 3.1 3.3 3.6 Accommodations and food service 134.0 138.0 139.2 0.4 1.2 0.9 3.1 3.4 3.9 Other services, except public administration 133.7 136.6 137.9 0.6 1.2 1.0 2.9 2.8 3.1 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation , for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted] Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Bargaining status Union 137.4 140.0 140.8 1.5 0.9 0.6 3.5 3.4 2.5 Goods-producing industries 133.3 134.1 135.4 0.8 0.7 1.0 3.0 1.4 1.6 Manufacturing 128.2 127.7 128.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 3.5 -0.1 0.1 Service-providing industries 140.7 144.1 144.7 1.8 0.9 0.4 3.8 4.3 2.8 Nonunion 132.2 134.9 135.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 Goods-producing industries 130.2 132.6 133.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 Manufacturing 131.5 134.2 135.1 0.6 1.1 0.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 Service-providing industries 132.8 135.5 136.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 Census region and division Northeast 134.7 138.1 139.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 2.7 3.3 3.2 New England 136.6 141.1 142.0 0.1 0.9 0.6 2.1 3.4 4.0 Middle Atlantic 134.0 137.1 138.0 1.0 1.3 0.7 2.9 3.3 3.0 South 131.4 133.3 134.2 0.8 0.6 0.7 2.7 2.2 2.1 South Atlantic 133.5 135.6 136.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 2.9 2.5 2.2 East South Central 130.2 132.1 132.9 0.2 0.6 0.6 2.5 1.6 2.1 West South Central 128.3 130.0 130.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.4 2.0 2.0 Midwest 130.6 133.5 134.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 2.5 2.9 2.7 East North Central 129.0 132.3 132.7 0.5 1.1 0.3 2.4 3.0 2.9 West North Central 134.4 136.6 137.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 2.7 2.5 2.4 West 135.7 138.5 139.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.6 2.9 2.8 Mountain 132.5 135.3 136.6 0.6 0.9 1.0 3.0 2.7 3.1 Pacific 137.1 139.9 140.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 3.9 2.9 2.6 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation , for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 All workers 135.1 138.6 139.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.3 3.0 3.0 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 133.8 137.1 137.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.8 Professional and related 133.6 136.8 137.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.7 2.8 Sales and office 137.1 140.9 141.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.6 3.4 3.2 Office and administrative support 137.1 141.0 141.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.6 3.4 3.3 Service occupations 138.2 142.1 142.6 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.5 3.3 3.2 Industry Education and health services 133.7 137.1 137.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.4 2.9 2.9 Educational services 133.3 136.7 137.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.3 2.9 2.9 Schools 133.2 136.6 137.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.9 Elementary and secondary schools 133.3 136.7 137.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.5 2.9 2.9 Health care and social assistance 137.1 140.5 140.9 0.4 0.9 0.3 2.7 2.9 2.8 Hospitals 134.2 137.9 138.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 2.4 3.0 2.9 Public administration 136.7 140.4 140.9 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.2 3.1 3.1 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 All workers 131.9 134.9 135.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 Excluding incentive paid occupations 131.9 134.7 135.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 131.2 133.7 134.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.2 2.4 2.5 Management, business, and financial 133.5 136.1 137.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 2.4 2.3 2.8 Professional and related 130.0 132.4 133.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.1 2.4 2.4 Sales and office 132.4 136.0 136.6 0.8 1.1 0.4 3.5 3.5 3.2 Sales and related 128.7 132.8 133.0 0.4 1.1 0.2 3.8 3.6 3.3 Office and administrative support 134.8 138.0 139.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 131.8 133.9 135.2 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 132.0 134.4 135.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 2.6 2.8 2.7 Installation, maintenance, and repair 131.8 133.5 134.8 0.8 0.2 1.0 2.4 2.1 2.3 Production, transportation, and material moving 133.2 137.0 137.7 0.7 1.4 0.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 Production 131.6 134.6 135.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 Transportation and material moving 135.0 139.7 140.2 0.5 1.9 0.4 3.7 4.0 3.9 Service occupations 133.2 137.2 138.3 0.6 1.2 0.8 3.3 3.6 3.8 Industry Goods-producing industries 131.4 134.1 135.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 Manufacturing 131.3 134.2 135.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 Service-providing industries 131.9 135.0 135.8 0.5 0.8 0.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 Education and health services 129.3 132.1 132.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.2 2.6 2.6 Educational services 126.7 129.3 129.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.9 2.4 2.4 Elementary and secondary schools 125.3 128.0 128.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.9 2.5 2.4 Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 128.7 131.6 132.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.9 2.5 2.6 Health care and social assistance 132.2 135.1 135.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 Hospitals 132.3 134.9 135.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.2 2.6 2.6 Nursing and residential care facilities 129.4 132.4 133.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 2.9 3.0 2.9 Public administration 128.7 131.7 132.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.1 2.7 2.7 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 All workers 132.9 135.9 136.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.0 135.8 136.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 133.0 135.4 136.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.6 Excluding incentive paid occupations 132.0 134.3 135.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.3 2.4 Management, business, and financial 134.2 136.8 137.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 2.4 2.3 2.8 Excluding incentive paid occupations 132.8 135.1 136.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.1 2.6 Professional and related 132.1 134.4 135.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 Sales and office 132.8 136.4 137.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 3.6 3.5 3.2 Excluding incentive paid occupations 135.3 138.5 139.5 1.0 1.2 0.7 3.6 3.4 3.1 Sales and related 128.8 132.9 133.1 0.5 1.1 0.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.3 137.5 138.7 1.1 1.3 0.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 Office and administrative support 135.9 139.2 140.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 132.0 134.1 135.4 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 132.3 134.6 136.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.7 2.7 2.8 Installation, maintenance, and repair 131.8 133.5 134.9 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.3 2.1 2.4 Production, transportation, and material moving 133.2 137.1 137.9 0.7 1.5 0.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.4 136.7 137.9 0.7 1.1 0.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 Production 131.4 134.4 135.4 0.8 1.0 0.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 131.7 134.8 135.7 0.8 1.0 0.7 3.2 3.1 3.0 Transportation and material moving 135.3 140.3 140.8 0.4 2.0 0.4 3.8 4.2 4.1 Service occupations 134.0 138.3 139.7 0.8 1.4 1.0 3.6 4.0 4.3 Industry and occupational group Goods-producing industries 131.4 134.2 135.3 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.7 2.9 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 131.9 134.6 135.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 2.7 2.8 3.0 Management, professional, and related 131.4 134.1 135.1 0.5 1.1 0.7 2.4 2.6 2.8 Sales and office 132.6 136.4 137.6 1.4 0.8 0.9 3.4 4.3 3.8 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 132.4 134.4 135.9 1.1 0.6 1.1 2.9 2.6 2.6 Production, transportation, and material moving 130.5 133.5 134.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 Construction 130.9 133.3 134.7 1.1 0.7 1.1 3.2 2.9 2.9 Manufacturing 131.3 134.2 135.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 Management, professional, and related 131.9 134.6 135.4 0.8 1.1 0.6 2.2 2.8 2.7 Sales and office 133.8 137.5 138.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 3.1 3.7 3.7 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 132.4 134.4 135.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 Production, transportation, and material moving 130.2 133.2 134.2 0.5 1.0 0.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 Aircraft manufacturing 141.2 143.8 144.1 0.1 1.6 0.2 2.3 1.9 2.1 Service-providing industries 133.3 136.4 137.3 0.6 0.9 0.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.4 136.2 137.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 Management, professional, and related 133.3 135.6 136.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.5 Sales and office 132.8 136.5 137.0 0.7 1.2 0.4 3.6 3.5 3.2 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 131.6 133.6 134.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 2.1 2.1 2.4 Production, transportation, and material moving 136.0 140.8 141.4 0.7 2.0 0.4 4.0 4.3 4.0 Service occupations 133.9 138.2 139.6 0.7 1.3 1.0 3.6 3.9 4.3 Trade, transportation, and utilities 133.6 137.4 138.2 0.5 1.3 0.6 3.1 3.4 3.4 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.2 137.2 138.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Wholesale trade 126.7 131.7 131.0 -0.5 1.0 -0.5 1.8 3.5 3.4 Excluding incentive paid occupations 130.7 133.2 134.0 0.9 1.1 0.6 2.9 2.9 2.5 Retail trade 136.4 139.1 140.9 1.3 1.2 1.3 3.6 3.3 3.3 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.2 137.7 139.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 3.2 3.7 3.7 Transportation and warehousing 136.3 140.9 141.5 0.7 1.8 0.4 3.8 4.1 3.8 Utilities 141.0 143.6 145.0 0.6 1.6 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.8 Information 130.2 132.6 133.7 1.4 1.0 0.8 2.8 3.3 2.7 Financial activities 134.7 136.4 137.3 1.3 1.0 0.7 3.5 2.6 1.9 Excluding incentive paid occupations 134.0 136.7 137.4 0.8 1.3 0.5 2.9 2.8 2.5 Finance and insurance 135.9 137.2 138.2 1.6 1.0 0.7 3.8 2.5 1.7 Credit intermediation and related activities 131.4 133.5 134.4 1.2 1.4 0.7 3.0 2.8 2.3 Excluding incentive paid occupations 135.3 138.2 138.9 0.9 1.7 0.5 3.0 3.1 2.7 Insurance carriers and related activities 135.8 136.9 137.9 1.7 1.6 0.7 2.6 2.5 1.5 Excluding incentive paid occupations 132.4 134.9 136.0 0.8 1.3 0.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 Real estate and rental and leasing 130.1 133.4 133.4 0.2 1.1 0.0 2.6 2.8 2.5 Excluding incentive paid occupations 133.7 137.3 137.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 2.8 3.2 2.8 Professional and business services 133.9 136.9 137.9 0.3 0.8 0.7 2.8 2.5 3.0 Professional, scientific, and technical services 135.9 139.1 140.1 -0.1 0.7 0.7 2.4 2.2 3.1 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services 131.5 134.8 135.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 Education and health services 132.0 134.8 135.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 Educational services 130.7 133.0 133.6 0.5 0.0 0.5 2.1 2.2 2.2 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools 131.5 134.3 134.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 Health care and social assistance 132.3 135.2 135.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 Hospitals 132.7 135.3 136.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.7 2.6 Nursing and residential care facilities 129.4 132.4 133.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 3.0 3.0 2.9 Nursing care facilities 128.7 131.6 132.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.9 2.9 Leisure and hospitality 135.2 140.0 140.9 0.4 1.2 0.6 3.4 3.9 4.2 Accommodation and food service 136.0 140.7 142.0 0.4 1.4 0.9 3.3 3.9 4.4 Other services, except public administration 134.1 137.0 138.5 0.7 1.2 1.1 3.0 2.9 3.3 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted] Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Bargaining status Union 132.7 135.7 137.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.7 3.1 3.2 Goods-producing industries 129.1 130.9 132.3 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.4 2.3 2.5 Manufacturing 126.3 128.0 128.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 2.2 1.8 1.8 Service-providing industries 135.3 138.9 140.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 2.9 3.5 3.5 Nonunion 132.9 136.0 136.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 Goods-producing industries 132.0 134.9 136.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 Manufacturing 132.4 135.5 136.5 0.8 1.1 0.7 2.7 3.1 3.1 Service-providing industries 133.1 136.2 137.1 0.5 0.9 0.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 Census region and division Northeast 133.9 137.6 138.8 0.4 1.2 0.9 2.4 3.1 3.7 New England 137.4 142.8 143.7 -0.4 0.9 0.6 1.6 3.5 4.6 Middle Atlantic 132.5 135.7 136.9 0.6 1.3 0.9 2.6 3.0 3.3 South 132.3 134.4 135.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 2.9 2.4 2.4 South Atlantic 134.5 136.7 137.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 3.2 2.6 2.5 East South Central 130.6 132.4 133.4 0.2 0.5 0.8 2.7 1.6 2.1 West South Central 129.4 131.3 132.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.2 2.2 Midwest 130.1 133.5 134.0 0.5 0.9 0.4 2.5 3.2 3.0 East North Central 128.3 132.1 132.4 0.3 1.1 0.2 2.4 3.3 3.2 West North Central 134.4 136.9 137.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 West 135.8 139.3 140.2 0.9 1.1 0.6 3.7 3.5 3.2 Mountain 133.4 136.3 137.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 3.2 2.9 3.1 Pacific 136.8 140.7 141.4 1.0 1.3 0.5 3.9 3.8 3.4 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 All workers 127.4 130.2 130.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.9 2.5 2.5 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 126.5 129.2 129.7 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.8 2.4 2.5 Professional and related 126.3 129.0 129.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.8 2.4 2.5 Sales and office 127.3 130.2 130.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.1 2.8 2.7 Office and administrative support 127.7 130.6 131.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 2.1 2.8 2.7 Service occupations 130.4 133.5 133.9 0.3 0.7 0.3 2.3 2.7 2.7 Industry Education and health services 126.5 129.2 129.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.9 2.5 2.5 Educational services 125.9 128.6 129.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.9 2.5 2.5 Schools 125.9 128.6 129.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.9 2.5 2.5 Elementary and secondary schools 125.3 127.9 128.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.9 2.4 2.4 Health care and social assistance 131.6 134.3 134.5 0.2 0.7 0.1 2.4 2.3 2.2 Hospitals 130.4 133.1 133.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 Public administration 128.7 131.7 132.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.1 2.7 2.7 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey



Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted] Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 3-months ended- 12-months ended- Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Jun.

2018 Mar.

2019 Jun.

2019 Civilian workers All workers 136.8 139.2 139.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 2.9 2.6 2.3 Private industry workers All workers 132.9 134.7 135.3 1.0 0.8 0.4 2.8 2.4 1.8 Occupational group Management, professional, and related 131.7 133.3 133.9 0.8 0.9 0.5 2.7 2.1 1.7 Sales and office 134.1 136.2 137.2 1.3 0.7 0.7 3.1 2.9 2.3 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 136.2 137.9 137.7 2.0 0.7 -0.1 3.4 3.3 1.1 Production, transportation, and material moving 133.3 135.0 135.7 0.5 0.9 0.5 2.9 1.8 1.8 Service occupations 131.5 133.6 134.5 0.2 0.6 0.7 2.3 1.8 2.3 Industry Goods-producing industries 129.8 130.8 131.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.9 1.4 1.4 Manufacturing 129.8 130.5 131.1 0.5 1.1 0.5 3.3 1.1 1.0 Aircraft manufacturing 122.4 99.0 99.2 0.2 1.3 0.2 31.0 -19.0 -19.0 Service-providing industries 134.1 136.1 136.7 1.1 0.7 0.4 2.8 2.6 1.9 Bargaining status Union 145.1 146.9 147.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 4.8 3.7 1.3 Nonunion 130.5 132.3 133.0 0.7 0.8 0.5 2.4 2.1 1.9 State and local government workers All workers 151.0 155.8 156.5 0.4 0.9 0.4 3.1 3.6 3.6 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

</s>Compensation for workers rose to a nearly 10-year high in the second quarter as inflation pressures continued to percolate in the U.S. economy.

The employment cost index increased 0.6 percent for civilian workers in the three-month period ending in June, according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics release Tuesday. That brought the 12-month rate up to 2.8 percent, the highest level since 2.9 percent in the third quarter of 2008, amid the financial crisis and the Great Recession.

Significant wage gains have been a missing part of the economic recovery, with average hourly earnings increases barely keeping pace with inflation.

However, the ECI has been on a steady rise over the past year and a half. The index had struggled to stay above 2 percent for most of the period following the recession as the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low and inflation stayed well below historical norms. However, the index has been climbing steadily from the 2.2 percent level just prior to President Donald Trump taking office.

"With the labor market tightening, stronger wage pressures should continue to feed through into higher inflation over the rest of this year," Andrew Hunter, U.S. economist at Capital Economics, said in a note.</s>Why did this happen?

Please make sure your browser supports JavaScript and cookies and that you are not blocking them from loading. For more information you can review our Terms of Service and Cookie Policy.</s>Compensation for workers rose to a nearly 10-year high in the second quarter as inflation pressures continued to percolate in the U.S. economy.

The employment cost index increased 0.6 percent for civilian workers in the three-month period ending in June, according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics release Tuesday. That brought the 12-month rate up to 2.8 percent, the highest level since 2.9 percent in the third quarter of 2008, amid the financial crisis and the Great Recession.

Significant wage gains have been a missing part of the economic recovery, with average hourly earnings increases barely keeping pace with inflation.

However, the ECI has been on a steady rise over the past year and a half. The index had struggled to stay above 2 percent for most of the period following the recession as the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low and inflation stayed well below historical norms. However, the index has been climbing steadily from the 2.2 percent level just prior to President Donald Trump taking office.

"With the labor market tightening, stronger wage pressures should continue to feed through into higher inflation over the rest of this year," Andrew Hunter, U.S. economist at Capital Economics, said in a note.

The index draws from a sample of 27,200 observations of some 6,600 private businesses as well as 8,000 observations from 1,400 government offices.

Wages and salaries rose 0.5 percent for the quarter and 2.8 percent for the 12-month period, while benefits costs increased 0.9 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively.

Private industry compensation was up 2.9 percent, a substantial rise from the 2.4 percent recorded as of June 2017. Government compensation increased 2.3 percent for the period, which actually was a pullback from the 2.6 percent gain recorded in June 2017.

Industry-wise, sales and related jobs recorded a 3.5 percent gain while transportation and material moving rose 3.4 percent. Hospital work showed the smallest gain at 2.2 percent.

The release comes ahead of Friday's closely watched nonfarm payrolls report. Economists expect a gain of about 190,000 and a 2.7 percent increase in average hourly earnings. It also follows last Friday's robust GDP release, which showed the economy grew 4.1 percent in the second quarter.

Also this week, the Federal Reserve meets to discuss monetary policy. The central bank's Federal Open Market Committee is expected to keep its benchmark interest rate target at between 1.75 percent and 2 percent, and wait until September for the next increase. However, committee members are believed to watch the employment cost index closely.</s>Compensation for workers improved this spring at the highest rate since the Great Recession.

Low unemployment has businesses offering better compensation packages to workers, pushing the employment cost index up to 2.8 percent over a year ago levels, according to a report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics released Tuesday. That is the best annual gain since the third quarter of 2008, which saw the index rise 2.9 percent.

It is only slight gain over the quarterly survey released in March, which indicated a 2.7 percent annual gain. The measure of private-sector wages and salaries, which excludes the costs associated with benefits, rose 2.9% year over year, exactly as it did early in the year. This indicates that wage gains are not accelerating rapidly—something that might convince the Federal Reserve to pick up the pace of interest rate hikes in an effort to keep inflation in line with its target.

In fact, on a quarterly basis, wage gains slowed in the April through June period. Wages rose 0.6 percent compared with the January through March period, less than the 0.8 percent gain in earlier in the year and less than the 0.7 percent growth. So rather than spiraling upward and indicating rising inflation, wage gains appear to have moderated in the second quarter despite the economy growing at a 4.1 percent rate amid very low unemployment.

The gains were broad-based. The employer cost index rose in manufacturing, construction, and services. Compensation for transportation rose 4.0 percent, bolstering arguments that the labor market is tighter in trucking than the broader economy. Compensation in sales and related jobs was up 3.5 percent compared with a year ago. Construction compensation was up 3.2 percent and manufacturing up 2.7 percent.

Wall Street pay was up sharply. Finance and insurance compensation rose 3.8 percent compared with a year ago.

The employer cost index is produced quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.</s>Compensation for workers rose to a nearly 10-year high in the second quarter as inflation pressures continued to percolate in the U.S. economy.

The employment cost index increased 0.6 percent for civilian workers in the three-month period ending in June, according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics released Tuesday. That brought the 12-month rate up to 2.8 percent, the highest level since 2.9 percent in the third quarter of 2008, amid the financial crisis and the Great Recession.

Significant wage gains have been a missing part of the economic recovery, with average hourly earnings increases barely keeping pace with inflation.</s>JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - U.S. workers saw the largest increase in wages and benefits in nearly a decade, according to a new report from the Department of Labor.

The employment cost index increased 0.6 percent for civilian workers during a three-month period that ended in June, according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics release.

Wages and salaries, which account for about 70 percent of all employment costs, also rose 2.8 percent from 2017.

Wage gains have been accompanied by inflation.

That brought the total increase for the year up to 2.8 percent, the highest level since September 2008-- amid the financial crisis and a recession.

Total compensation-- excluding state and local employees rose 2.9 percent in the third quarter of 2008.

The Federal Reserve will meet later this week to discuss monetary policy.</s>Earlier this summer, the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics released the results of its first Contingent Worker Survey since 2005. With all the talk these days about the gig economy, observers thought the survey would reveal a sharp rise. Recent estimates done by worker groups and corporate think tanks — like those by Upwork and the Freelancers Union, or by McKinsey & Co. — suggested that the number could be 30 percent to 40 percent of the workforce.

So pundits, myself included, were shocked that the bureau reported that the share of contingent workers in the labor market fell from 10.7 percent to 10.1 percent. What gives? In 2005, Uber didn’t exist, and now it claims to have 3 million drivers. Where are all the Uber drivers, let alone the Task Rabbits and the Upworkers?

The answer lies in how we define our terms. There is no consensus on who qualifies as a contingent worker, and that’s one reason the bureau is still missing the big picture on how increasingly insecure American workers are in their jobs.

The phrase “contingent worker” was coined in 1985 by Audrey Freedman. She’d been a supervising economist at the Bureau of Labor Statistics and had seen as clearly as anyone how the postwar world of secure, steady jobs was disappearing. The term then caught on among the academic set, which also were observing this fundamental change.

The trick to measuring the impact of this shift was clearly defining “contingent work.”

Defining the contingent workforce negatively — that is, not normal 9-to-5 weekly paycheck jobs — wouldn’t do. Good definitions are positive, but that was harder.

Contingent work, as Freedman used the term, meant any kind of “conditional and transitory employment.” Under her definition, a case could be made for including part-timers, temps, freelancers, small-business owners, consultants, migrant farmworkers — and any number of other kinds of work that did not fit into the postwar corporate model. That was too broad for the bureau, however. Into the late 1980s, Bureau of Labor Statistics economists like Anne Polivka and Thomas Nardone wrestled with how to define the term, lamenting that “the lack of an established definition” made measurement impossible.

Finally, the bureau advanced a definition based on the expectation of job security: If you didn’t have a future in your current job, you were a contingent worker.

Not until 1995 did the bureau conduct the first serious survey of contingent workers in the United States as part of its Current Population Survey, which examines tens of thousands of households.

The bureau asked individuals how long a job would last. The person’s job was categorized as contingent if “the person was working only until the completion of a specific project, temporarily replacing another worker, being hired for a fixed period, filling a seasonal job . or if other business conditions dictated that the job was short term.” Equally important, if the worker seemed to choose short-term work, they were not really “contingent.” (This is how a later bureau study could contain the paradoxical phrase: “only 24 percent of temps were contingent.”)

The headline numbers in 1995 were low — between 3 million and 6 million Americans, or about 1 percent of the workforce.

But that same year, using the same data, if you included all independent contractors (8.3 million), on-call workers (2.0 million) and temps (1.8 million), you could also say the contingent workforce was 12.1 million, or 10 percent of the workforce.

The fundamental error, to my thinking, was suggesting that individual choice was driving this shift in employment. If the only jobs available were short-term, then of course people “chose” to take the only work to be found.

By focusing on individuals, the BLS also missed the big story: the change in the corporation.

Seen from the corporate angle, contingent workers weren’t then (nor are they now) temporary replacements. They were, and are, a permanent strategy for managing a company’s labor costs. The consulting company Deloitte has calculated that paying people is 50 percent to 60 percent of expenses at a typical Fortune 500 company. That is a big, fat target for cost-cutting.

For managers pushed to downsize, shifting work to a contractor or temp or freelancer (and showing the cost reduction in benefits) was an easy move. Rather than hire employees, companies began leasing workers from staffing agencies like ManpowerGroup and Kelly Services. Further, these staffing agencies didn’t just “lease” out administrative or manual labor, but increasingly technology specialists, professionals and creative workers. The federal labor data captured little of that.

Bureau economists seemed to go out of their way to ignore the fact that contingent jobs weren’t a convenient personal choice, but an unwelcome necessity. The effect of this major shift has been felt throughout corporate America. Full-time employees everywhere know that being replaced by a temp or a contractor is not just a possibility, but part of their human resources department’s plan.

The definition of contingent worker remains unsettled and ineffectual today. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, in an effort to make the categories from 1995 onward comparable, has not altered its survey definitions. In the meantime, for many millions of Americans, work has become even less secure.

Reconciling government statistics with our lived experiences (and other surveys) will require new approaches. The bureau will need to update and expand its definitions of contingent work. At the same time, we need to survey corporations to analyze how they are now using temps and contractors alongside traditional employees. If we want to understand why Americans are winding up in contingent work — and what to do about that — we need to first look at how extensively corporations are outsourcing their labor.

Louis Hyman is a history professor at Cornell University. This piece, which first appeared in the Los Angeles Times, is adapted from his forthcoming book, “TEMP: How American Work, American Business, and the American dream Became Temporary.”
Worker pay rate in the United States hits its highest level since 2008 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Employment Cost Index, which tracks worker compensation, has been steadily increasing since just prior to Donald Trump taking office.