Four new 'hot Jupiter' exoplanets discovered

April 10, 2018

by Tomasz Nowakowski , Phys.org

Phase-folded unbinned HATSouth light curves for HATS-39 (upper left), HATS-40 (upper right), HATS-41 (lower left) and HATS-42 (lower right). Credit: Bento et al., 2018.

Four new "hot Jupiter" extrasolar planets have been detected as part of the Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network-South (HATSouth) exoplanet survey. The newly found alien worlds are generally similar in size, but vary widely in mass. The discovery is detailed in a paper published April 4 on the arXiv pre-print server.

HATSouth is a network of six astrograph telescope systems located in South America, Africa, and Australia. These telescopes are designed to detect transiting extrasolar planets in orbit around relatively bright stars visible from the Southern hemisphere. Since its launch in 2009, the network has already detected dozens of transiting exoplanets.

Now, a team of astronomers led by Joao Bento of the Australian National University (ANU), reports the finding of another exoplanets using HATSouth telescopes. They found transit signals in four stars, namely: HATS-39, HATS-40, HATS-41 and HATS-42. Afterward, the planetary nature of these signals was confirmed by follow-up photometric and spectroscopic observations.

"In this paper we report the discovery and characterisation of four new transiting hot Jupiters from the HATSouth survey: HATS-39b, HATS-40b, HATS-41b and HATS-42b," the researchers wrote in the paper.

All four newly detected planets transit moderately bright dwarf stars of F-type and were classified as "hot Jupiters." Such extrasolar worlds are similar in characteristics to the solar system's biggest planet, with orbital periods of less than 10 days. They have high surface temperatures as they orbit their parent stars very closely.

With a mass of 0.63 Jupiter masses, HATS-39b is the least massive exoplanet of the newly found quartet. However, its radius—about 1.57 Jupiter radii—is larger than it should be, thus the researchers describe HATS-39b as an inflated planet. The exoworld orbits its host every 4.58 days at a distance of 0.06 AU, and its equilibrium temperature is 1,645 K.

HATS-40b is approximately 58.5 percent more larger and massive than Jupiter. It takes the planet about 3.26 days to fully orbit its parent star as it is separated from the host by 0.05 AU. The equilibrium temperature of this alien world is estimated to be around 2,100 K.

HATS-41b is the most interesting exoplanet reported in the paper. It is only 33 percent larger than Jupiter, but nearly 10 times more massive than our solar system's biggest planet. According to the researchers, it is one of the most massive "hot Jupiters" found to date and orbits the highest metallicity star to host a transiting planet. HATS-41b has an orbital period of 4.19 days, is located about 0.06 AU from the host, and has equilibrium temperature of 1,710 K.

When it comes to HATS-42b, it has a radius of 1.4 Jupiter radii and a mass of 1.88 Jupiter masses. It is separated from HATS-42 by approximately 0.037 AU and fully orbits it in 2.29 days. The equilibrium temperature of this planet is 1,856 K.

More information: HATS-39b, HATS-40b, HATS-41b, and HATS-42b: Three Inflated Hot Jupiters and a Super-Jupiter Transiting F Stars, arXiv:1804.01623 [astro-ph.EP] arxiv.org/abs/1804.01623

J Bento et al. HATS-39b, HATS-40b, HATS-41b, AND HATS-42b: THREE INFLATED HOT JUPITERS AND A SUPER-JUPITER TRANSITING F STARS, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2018). DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty726

Abstract

We report the discovery of four transiting hot Jupiters from the HATSouth survey: HATS-39b, HATS-40b, HATS41b and HATS-42b. These discoveries add to the growing number of transiting planets orbiting moderately bright (12.5 < V < 13.7) F dwarf stars on short (2-5 day) periods. The planets have similar radii, ranging from 1.33(+0.29/-0.20) R_J for HATS-41b to 1.58(+0.16/-0.12) R_J for HATS-40b. Their masses and bulk densities, however, span more than an order of magnitude. HATS-39b has a mass of 0.63 +/- 0.13 M_J, and an inflated radius of 1.57 +/- 0.12 R_J, making it a good target for future transmission spectroscopic studies. HATS-41b is a very massive 9.7 +/- 1.6 M_J planet and one of only a few hot Jupiters found to date with a mass over 5 M_J. This planet orbits the highest metallicity star ([Fe/H] = 0.470 +/- 0.010) known to host a transiting planet and is also likely on an eccentric orbit. The high mass, coupled with a relatively young age (1.34 +0.31/-0.51 Gyr) for the host star, are factors that may explain why this planet's orbit has not yet circularised.

Journal information: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

© 2018 Phys.org</s>Every year the NFL releases hats that will be worn by the incoming prospects at the 2018 NFL Draft. This year the hats will be a little different.

New Era revealed their new design for the hats on Tuesday. The hats will feature a team-specific phrase that will be embroidered on the front.

Naturally, the Eagles hats will have ‘Fly Eagles Fly’ on them. They will also have ‘Go Birds’ on the inside of the brim.

The hats will go on sale on Thursday at NewEraCap.com, NFLShop.com, and Lids.

The Eagles hold the No. 32 spot this year after winning Super Bowl LII. Whoever is taken at that spot will be able to encourage the Eagles fans that flock to Dallas for the draft to sign ‘Fly Eagles Fly’ as he dons the newest piece of team memorabilia.</s>It’s NFL draft season, which means it’s time for New Era to reveal a new hideous hat that the league’s newest players will wear during their big moment.

These hats are never good. They’ve always got too much going on. Last year’s ones, for example, featured shiny bisected versions of each team’s logo on the bill of the cap.

The full line of 2018 hats won’t be unveiled until Thursday but ESPN’s Darren Rovell has the designs for the first four teams in the draft.

I know they design new hats every year so fans will buy them, but I’m not so sure fans are going to want to walk around with a big all-caps phrase blaring from their forehead.</s>The Cincinnati Bengals have official 2018 NFL draft hats from New Era again — and this time it’s all about slogans surrounding the team.

Fans get one guess what New Era slapped on Bengals hats:

It’s not a bad-looking hat — especially considering what some other teams got. The Jacksonville Jaguars, for example, only have “Jags” on the underbrim. This Bengals hat is at least creative.

If the rookie the Bengals select at No. 21 is in attendance during the draft, they’ll don this hat and we’ll get to see what it looks like under the bright lights.

Those who want to see each team’s offering can check out For The Win’s power rankings.</s>Running back Ezekiel Elliott (center), who played for Ohio State, is introduced by Dallas Cowboys executive vice president Stephen Jones (left) and owner Jerry Jones after being drafted fourth overall in the 2016 NFL draft by the Cowboys at the team's headquarters in Irving, Texas, Friday April 29, 2016. (Andy Jacobsohn/The Dallas Morning News)

New Era unveiled the official NFL draft caps Tuesday and let's just say many Cowboys fans aren't on board.

This year's version of hats players will wear on stage later this month after they are drafted at AT&T Stadium include a nickname or slogan unique to each team. Not surprisingly, the Cowboys' hats say "America's Team."

"Them Boys" is printed on the inside of each Dallas cap.</s>The only thing more exciting than counting down to the NFL Draft every April is counting down to the release of the NFL Draft hats.

Well, that countdown is now officially over, because the 2018 hats were released on Wednesday. According to New Era, the big thing you'll notice about his year's draft cap is that it features an iconic team slogan embroidered on the crown in team color.

Now, when New Era says they used an "iconic team slogan," let me just say that not every fan is going to agree with that -- especially Saints fans. Although there's a hat for each team, we're only going to look at the five best and the five worst, which you can check out below.

5. Cardinals: I would have bought five hats if they said "Bird Gang," but they do not, so I will buy zero. I don't know, maybe the NFL was afraid that it would look like Cardinals fans were in an actual gang if the hats said "Bird Gang." You can see the Cardinals hat below.

4. Bears: First, let me say that I do love the "Monsters of the Midway" nickname. However, what I don't love is when someone tries to cram the entire thing on to the top of a hat with a team logo. There's way too much going on there.

3. Dolphins: If the goal was to get half the fan base to hate you right away, then New Era made the right decision with this hat. To this day, fans in Miami still debate about whether the Dolphins merchandise should say "Go Phins" or "Go Fins." I'm not cheering for a dorsal fin to win a football game, so I've always been a big believer that the answer is the former. New Era went with the latter. I say "Go Phins," New Era says....

2. Panthers: If you asked 99 percent of Panthers fans what should have gone on their hat, I'm guessing they would've said "Keep Pounding." Instead, New Era decided to tease the entire state of South Carolina by going along with the farce that the Panthers actually somewhat belong to them.

The good news for the Panthers is that the inside brim does say "Keep Pounding."

1. Saints: It's almost like New Era forgot that the NFC South existed and just threw some hats together at the last second. Not only did they blow it by not giving the Panthers "Keep Pounding," but they also designed a Saints hat that doesn't say "Who Dat."

At this point, if I'm a Saints fan, I just buy the Bengals hat, scratch out "Dey" and put "Dat."

Although I didn't really like any of those five hats, there are a few hats that I do like, so let's take a look at those here.

5. Chargers: If the Chargers want to fix things with fans in San Diego, they could start by giving every single one of them a free version of this hat.

Between their power blue uniforms and this hat, the Chargers know how to do classic and they do it well. One thing to note is that the Chargers hat was the only one that wasn't released to the media on Wednesday, which means we're stuck with this photo. The good news is that it looks like we'll be getting multiple versions of each team's hat, instead of just one version in grey.

4. Raiders: Although I'm not a huge fan of these hats being grey, it fits in perfectly with the Raiders' color scheme, which is one of the reasons why I think I love this hat so much. The best thing about the hat is actually a part of it that people won't be able to see when you're wearing it. Under the brim, it says, "Just Win Baby."

3. 49ers: The problem with putting team slogans on the hat is that there's always a chance you get it wrong and upset the entire fan base (I'm looking at the Saints hat). With the 49ers, New Era kept things simple. Instead of a slogan, the hat simply says "Niners."

I know what you're thinking, and yes, Jimmy Garoppolo would probably look handsome in that hat.

2. Vikings: I'm not sure if the Vikings stole this slogan from the Stark family in "Game of Thrones," but I like it, so I'm not going to complain.

Before Vikings fans start complaining about the fact that this hat doesn't say Skol, let me point out that Skol did make it onto the hat -- it's just under the brim.

1. Patriots: I'm definitely going to get some hate mail for ranking the Patriots at the top, but what can I say, they have the best hat. It says everything it needs to say in just three words.

Basically, this hat does its job.

I'm guessing that Bill Belichick is going to make at least 5 percent in royalty fees every time New Era sells one of these bad boys.</s>The NFL has never missed a chance to market and sell anything, so it’s no surprise that we get new draft-day hats every year.

When your team’s new first-round pick bro-hugs and mugs with NFL commissioner Roger Goodell, he is given a brand new New Era hat to wear, and oh hey, you can buy it online without taking a break from one of the 47 channels of draft coverage. This year, the NFL added a slogan for each team to the hat. Some slogans are awesome and those hats will be probably flying off the shelves when they go on sale this week. Some … well, they should have consulted with us first.

In that spirit, let’s look at the hits and misses of the team slogans.

Really? One of the most storied franchises in the sport, and a shortened version of their team nickname is all we get? Should have put “Jimmy Garoppolo’s Team” on the hat and called it a day. In fact, that’s a money-making idea if I’ve ever heard of one.

This seems so forced. I know, the Cardinals have tried this “Red Sea” thing as the name of their fans, but this seems like something produced in a meeting room and everyone just went along with it. Some corporate suit will see this hat and be happy his idea caught on.

In case you forgot where you are, or what team you cheer for, the Texans stitched it onto their painfully boring draft-day hat.

It’s like the “Niners” hat, but with “Go” added to the front. I fell asleep in the middle of typing this.

The only one that led to an immediate eye roll. We got “Broncos Country” and “Chiefs Kingdom” (needless to say, trying to come up with synonyms for the whole “nation” thing and landing on “kingdom” is a stretch, but whatever), but we couldn’t put “Bills Mafia” on there? Is it because of the “mafia” thing? And we passed on that for this corny play on words? WYD BIlls?

The Panthers have one of the coolest slogans in the NFL: “Keep Pounding.” It’s a great nod to the late Sam Mills, and has become a mantra for the franchise and a tradition, too. This year’s draft-day hats have sayings on the underbrim too, and that’s where you’ll find “Keep Pounding” on the Panthers’ hat, but what a miss. And all to inform people that the team wants to market itself to North Carolina and South Carolina? OOOOHHHH!!!!

The “Raider Nation” thing as a whole is fine and recognizable. But the underbrim has “Just Win Baby,” which would have been much, much better because it’s one of the great lines in the history of football. RIP Al Davis.

Even though it popped up out of nowhere, the whole “SKOL” chant is pretty cool. It seems natural, not something that a jumbotron needs to tell the fans to do. It’s instantly recognizable, and man did that happen fast. Yet, “SKOL” is on the underbrim while this Toronto Raptors “We the North” knockoff was featured on the front? Fail.

FOUR OF THE FIVE BEST …

Old school team nicknames are the best. This one goes way back and it still holds up. Certainly way higher on the cool meter than something bland and corporate like “Red Sea.”

I love that you can say “Who Dey” and everyone knows it’s the Bengals’ rallying cry. I also wonder how the Bengals got “Who Dey” while the Saints didn’t get “Who Dat,” which is far better than the “Big Easy Football” that is on New Orleans’ hat.

The Browns are always a bit restricted because they don’t have a logo. What can you do with a plain helmet anyway? But they make up for it with the nod to the “Dawg Pound” that dates way back to the old Cleveland Municipal Stadium fans.

All right, be mad. If you don’t like the Patriots, you would try to burn this hat even if it was on someone’s head. But come on, it’s pretty cool that this slogan has caught on. Wait, you don’t think it’s cool? Killjoy.

… AND CLEARLY THE BEST SLOGAN FOR THESE NEW DRAFT DAY HATS

Let’s be honest here. The reason you hate the “America’s Team” thing, other than Cowboys fans being obnoxious about it, is that your team didn’t co-opt it first. The Cowboys stumbled into it because of a line in an NFL Films highlight video (“The Timeline” by NFL Network devoted an episode to it) and it stuck. It might be the greatest marketing win in sports. You might hate the Cowboys but don’t lie … this hat is pretty great.

Frank Schwab is a writer for Yahoo Sports. Have a tip? Email him at shutdown.corner@yahoo.com or follow him on Twitter!



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• Finally, the NFL gets to question Colin Kaepernick</s>Hats and finery dominated the scene on the Van Wezel Hall lawn.</s>New Era released a full look at all 32 NFL draft hats Tuesday. They are … interesting.

Jim Wyatt of Titans Online released a photo of the Titans draft hat Monday.

It looked okay then, but in comparison to the rest of the hats, it’s one of the best.

All of the hats are the heather gray with a colored bill, a team slogan in colored, block letters and a team logo on the front. it turns out the inner sweatband at the front of the hat also carries a slogan.

For Tennessee, the two-tone blue letters combine nicely with theI blue on the bill and the gray crown.

The inside slogan is pictured here via Allan Bell Jr. of 247 Sports:

This is a tough design for a hat, but the Titans one works pretty well. It’ll pair nicely with the team’s new jerseys that feature a little gray in the shoulders.

Check out the rest of the draft hats over at For the Win.
Four new Hot Jupiter exoplanets are discovered: HATS-39b, HATS-40b, HATS-41b and HATS-42b.