Chloroprocaine
Chloroprocaine is an ester local anesthetic commonly available in its salt form, chloroprocaine hydrochloride. Similar to other local anesthetics, it increases the threshold for electrical excitation in nerves by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. The pharmacological profile of chloroprocaine is characterized by a short latency and duration, similar to the one observed with [lidocaine]. Chloroprocaine can be given as an injection, and is available in formulations with and without methylparaben as a preservative. Both can be given as intrathecal injections for peripheral and central nerve block, but only the preservative-free formulation can be used for lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. Topical chloroprocaine for ophthalmic use was approved by the FDA in September 2022 for ocular surface anesthesia.