An Irish Astronomical Tract
Gloria Deo Principio .i. Gloir da Dia da tossach gan tosach & da crich gan deireadh, dan neach da bi ann riamh roimh gach uili ni, bias da sir deis gach en neich & dan te nach roithenn ciall na resun na daennachta da fis na dha aichni cade. Et o nar bail leis beith da sir gan e fein d'foillsiugad da na dainib, da mhuin a oibrithe & a ealadhna do na h-eolchaib innus gurub as na h-oibrithibh da h-athontai an t-oibriteoir & gurub as na gnimhartaibh da h-aitheontaidh an tuismigteoir & Is uime sin Is dingmala do na h-eolcaibh dar foillsig a seicreidi gloir do tabairt do tar gach uili ni. Ma sedh tinnscainter annso ceasta cruaige dosgailte na n-arsatan ar oibritib da scrudadh. Et co sunnradhach da cailibh na firmaminnti & da cailib na ceithre dula & da suigiugad & da tuismead maille re furtacht an tuismightheora aderum-ni, & da resunaib rofirinneacha & d'armainntib ecintacha & da congluaistib dobriste doscailti .Ocus atait annsa leabhur le celi da fichit caibidil & as i so an ced caibidil dib .i.
Da cruthugud & foillsiugad na firmaminte.
Da na ceithre duilibh & da n-inedaib mar d'ordaidh an tuismigteoir iad.
Da gluasachtaib & do na naduiribh.
Da naduirib & do na gluasachtaib.
Do cruinne na ceithre n-dula.
Dasaenta na ceitre n-dul & da naduirib.
Da chruinne na talman & d'fis lae & aithci.
Da claeclogh na fairrgi & na srothan.
D'examlacht na talman & na cnoc.
D'examlacht na n-uscid & do gluassacht na talman.
Don da chnoc teineadh ata ar lasadh.
Da linad & da tragadh an mara.
Da tuili srotha Nil san Eigeift.
Da cruinne na firmaminti & da gluassacht & da naduirib.
D'impodh na firmaminte & na greine.
Da claechlod na firmaminte.
Da cerclaibh & da linibh & da poncaibh na firmaminnte. D'examlacht eirgi & dul fai na greine.
D'fis meid na greine.
Da solus an re noc gabus on grein.
Da dorcadus an re.
Da t-solus na n-airdrennach.
Da dorcadus na greine.
D'fochainn an re d'faicsin go bec & go mór ar a primh.
D'examlacht soluis an re.
Da n-uimir cercall an re.
Da da speir na greine.
Do na h-uili cercallib & da n-gluasacht.
Da gluasacht na speiri romoire.
Da gluasacht speire na comartad.
Da claechlod na naduredh & na n-aimser.
Da n-uimir cercall Shaduirn & na plaineid eile.
D'impodh Shaduirn & na plained ele tar a n-ais.
Da speir na n-airdrinnach.
Da n-uimhir milteadh a timceall na talman.
Da claechlodh na n-airdreannach a n-examlacht na crich.
Do na h-ocht crichaib soaitreabta an talman.
Don da inadh a fuil an bliagain uile na h-enla & na h-enaithci.
Do na gaethaibh & da naduirib.
Don toirnidh & do na nellaibh & dan feartain & don teinntigh.
Do na plainedaib. Firmamentum est etcetera.
.i. Ata an firmamint co cruinn ar na tuismead & deradh aici, ca sir follamnugad ag a tuismigteoir fein .Ocus atait airdreannaid a secht speir na firmaminnti mar tairngibh daingne a clar gan gluasacht dilis acu acht gluasacht na cercaille an a fuilid. Ocus as uime sin nach faicear ag gluasacht tar a ceili iat na a n-eagaidh a ceile ach en ordugad siraigh suthain co comfogus da ceili & comfada o ceili ag a chonnmail acu caithe. Da derbad co fuil an follamhnugad sin ag a connmail ag tuismighteoir an
domhain, & co m-bia co brat ar a oibrechaibh fein, an cursa da orduigh se doibh a tus an domuin, atait gan meallad ca connmail sin co neimheasbadhach.
Da derbadh sin bidh fis gach neich nadurtha ag na h-eolchaibh sul tigid siad ann, oir ata a fis acu co neimheasbatach sibhal na n-airdrinnach & na plained gacha bliadna & gacha mis & gacha sechtmaine & an gach la & In gach momint. Et 'na egmais bid fis na n-aimsir fein acu sul tigid siad ann .i. fis t-samraigh & fogmuir & geimrid & earraidh & fis gach neich Is nadurtha da teacht inntu sin; ocus as ardomaint deimhin sin da derbadh co fuil an te da tuismidh an domhan fos 'ga follamnugad, oir muna beith, da clechleofadais na neiche adubrumar costrasta an t-oibriugad d'innsemar do beith acu. Et as mar sin da beidis na h-airdrinnaigh & na plaineid uair budh luaithi uair budh maille iat na ceili & uair ele na comhnaighi gan en cor do chur dibh. Et as ar In nos cedna da ticfadais na h-aimsera a n-inadh a ceile & da bedis laeite nadurtha budh sia na ceili ann. Agus da rer sin da beidis tortha na talman uair and ar techt & uair ele gan en raed da techt dibh. Et as mar sin da beith gach uile ni idir nemh & talmain buaidhertha measgaithi gan iul ag feallsamain na ag eolach cad aderadh ru. Et da ticfadh as sin aris co scrisfaide na h-ealadhna saera da rinneadh, & ar sibal & ar comnaidhi ar n-uimhir & ar suigiugad & ar ordugad oibrigtedh De.
Ma sedh o dachiamaid co fuilid na h-ealadhna saera ann & co fuil gach uile ni ele co nembuaigertha nemmeascaithi da rer en ordaithi ac tiacht co deimhin an a n-aimseraibh fein, as as so tuicter co fuil an te do crutaidh an doman fos aca ordugad & ag a follamnugad.
Do na cethri duilibh & da n-inadaibh & mar da orduig an tuismiteoir iat. Terre est In medio mundi etcetera
.i. ata an talam na ponc cruind a cert medon an domain mar mod liatroide cruinne, gan t-sustaint fai, ca congmail, & ata an t-uisci da rer naduir da gach aen leithe de na timceall & gideadh da tuismaidh an tuismiteoir an cuid tuas don talmain mar inadh aitreabtha do na dainibh & da na h-ainminntib nar fed beith beo fa usci. Et ata an t-aer 'na timchill ar aen. Et ata an tene 'na dimcheall a triur. Et ata an firmamint gach aen taebha a timcill an ceathrair sin.
Et as i so tuarascbail na ceithre n-dul sin .i. tuarasgabhail na teineadh .i. corp te tirim loisgnech edrom silteach sogluasta fa fuil an t-aer. Tuarascbail an aeir .i. corp te fliuch siltec sogluasta, trom an aithfeghadh na teinedh & etrom a n-aithfeghadh an uisci. Tuarascbail an uisci .i. corp fuar fliuch siltec sogluasta, trom ac fecain an aeir & edrom ac fechain na talman, fa fuil an talamh .Tuarascbail na talman .i. corp fuar, tirim, trom dogluaiste ata fon domun uili & Is mar sin as tusca an talamh na'n t-uisci & an t-uisce na'n t-aer & an t-aer na'n teine & In teine na'n firmamint oir as i an firmamint as imillige acu mar foillsiges an fidair so tis.
philosophi Dicunt etcetera.
Aderaid na feallsamain co fuilit tri gluasachta ann .i. gluasacht o meadhon & gluasacht cu meadhon & gluasacht a timcill medhoin.
Is e Is gluasacht o medhon ann .i. an gluasacht teit o talmain amach co cotrom d'innsaighe gach uile rainn don cercaill timcill. Is e as gluasacht cu medhon ann an gluasacht teit sis on cercaill timcill co talmain .Is e as gluasacht a timcill mhedhoin ann .i. an gluasacht noch gluaises da rer na cercaille timcill & Is o na primhgluasachtaibh sin genter gach uili gluasacht ele da fuil Is an domhan & Is dib sin gluasacht na ceithre dula, oir gluaisidh cuid aca o meadhon & cuit co meadhon & ni
gluaisind en raed co nadurtha a timcill medoin acht an firmaminnt na rann da rannaibh. An da duil gluaises cu medhon .i. talman & uisci, as luaithi an gluasacht co medhon talmain na an uisci. Don da duil gluaisis o medhon .i. aer & teine Is luaithe gluaises In teine o medhon na'n t-aer. Et Is mar sin atait na duili gluaises go medhon trom & na duili gluaises o medhon etrom. Et tuictear mar congluais
as na neicib sin gurab e an talam duil as troma acu & gurab i an teine duil as roetroma aca. Et ge ta an t-uisci & an t-aer
mesardha atorra aga comortus re ceili & ris na duilib ele, dagabar truma & etruma innta oir ge trom an t-uisci ag a comoradh re h-aer as h-edrom e 'ga comoradh re talmain & Is mar sin gidh etrom an t-aer ag a comoradh re h-uisci as trom e ca comoradh re teine.
D'foillsiugad an adbair so nis mo dagen fidair annso this scailfis amach brig na raiteadh so. Dagen ar dus fidair na talman & Is i so i & scribfad A 'na meadhon & curfead B litir 'na mullach & daden 'na dedaidh sin cercall na firmaminti a dimcill na talman & cuirfed C 'na oirrcher & D 'na mullach & E 'na h-iartar & F 'na h-ichtar & ar cuma na fidrach atait da corp do na corpaid duilidhi noch gluaises o medon ann na cercaille timcill .i. o A go B & Is iat sin tine & aer. Et atait an da corp ele gluaises on cercaill timcill go medhon .i. o B go h-A & Is iat sin talam & uisci. An treas primgluasacht ata ann .i. gluasacht do rer an cercaill timcill & Is e sin gluasacht na firmaminnti & Is amlaid gluaises o C go D & o D go E & o E go F & o F go C & Is leor sin do na h-eolcaib. Frigheditas Calor et etcetera
i. tes fuacht fliche & tirime as iat sin as ceithre primcaile do na ceithre duilibh & atait 'na n-aicidib doscailte uatha &
atait da cail gnimhacha dib so .i. tes & fuacht .Agus as uime aderur caile gnimaca ru oir an tan glacmaid iat foillsigid siat duinn an uair sin gan fuireach annsa momint a n-glactar iad a m-brig fein; oir an tan glacmaid an tene foillsigid an uair sin dun brig a teasigachta & as mar sin an trat glacmaid an cuisne reoigh foillsigid se duinn an uair sin gan fuirec sa momint cedna brig a fuardhachta .Et as i cuis fa mothaigmaid-ni na neice ainmesarda sin naduir mesarda da beth againn fein.
Et atait In da cail ele dib sin fuilngtec & Is uime aderar caili fuilngtaca ru ar son gan cumhachta d'foillsiugad an uair sin 'ga n-glacadh; oir an trath glaccamaid raed 2 fliuch no raed tirim ni mhotaigmid a fliche na a tirmigacht co h-obann mar mhothaighmid teas na teineadh no fuardhacht an cusne. As i sin an cuis fa n-abartar blod do na cailib sin do beth gnimhach & blod ele do beth fuilngtec. Et ata gach uile corp o speir na teinedh anuas cumaisce astu so & atait siat fein neamhcumusca a n-egmais co n-abartar a mbeth cumasca as a cailib fein mar ata an teine te tirim cumusca as an da cail sin oir as iat an da cail sin tigernaighes Is an teine. Et as a tirime & a fliche cumuisgter an t-aer oir as iat sin tigernaighes ann. Et as mar sin ata tigernas an da duil ele timcill a caili fein. Et ge tait na ceithre duili so cumasca as na primcailib aderar a m-beth neamchumasca ru a n-aithfeghadh na corp n-duilita cumuscter asta fein. Et as mar sin atait an ceithre so cumasca & neamcumasca le ceili. Neamhcumasca ag fecain gach neich cumaister asta fein. Cumasca ac fecain na primhcailedh ata da ririb. Et mar sin as coir gluasacht nemcumusca da beth ag an corp neamcumusca & gluasacht cumasca da beth ag an corp cumusca.
Et Is follus gac uili corp a tigernaighinn teasigacht as o medhon suas gluaises. Et gach uili corp a tigernaiginn fuardhacht as d'innsaighidh medhon gluaises. Et as e an tes oibriges edromacht Is na corpaib nadurtha. Et as i an fuardhacht oibriges tromdact & Is i an tirimaigeacht oibriges luas cumscaithi d'innsaidhe an inaidh nadurtha Is na corpaibh edroma. Et mar sin as i an fliche oibriges maille cumscaithi Is na corpaibh an a m-bi. Et as na raitibh sin timsaigter gorab naduir da gac uili duil dib sin comnaighe do denamh a na n-inadaib nadurtha fein a na fuil cric a n-gluasachta fein, oir da curtai duil aca sin da h-ainndeoin as a h-inadh nadurtha fein amach da tarrongadh a n-duchas aris d'innsaighe an inaidh cedne.
Terra est In medio
etcetera
.i. As amlaidh ata an talam a cert medhon na firmaminti a fidhair dul sis na corp trom mar sheantrom .i. ponc medhonach a raed crinn. Et mar adubramar as e inadh nadurtha an usci beit a timceall na talman & da fadadh slighe gan oilbeim on talmain, o ta fein na corp trom siltec siblach ni anfadh co roitfedh seantrom na talman & d'anfad annsin oir as e sin, mar adubrumar, inadh deiginach sibail na corp trom. Et atait ranna an usci ac dinge a ceili da dul tar a ceili d'iarraidh seanntroim an domain mar inadh nadurtha doib fein da ligeadh daingne na talman doib .As egin, o ta an talam comcruinn daingean a gabail risin uisci gan a dul cum an t-seantruim, co fuil an t-uisci comcruinn a dimceall na talman & as mar sin ata fidair cruinn ag an da duil ele gluaises suas on t-seantrom co ruic an cercaill timcill.
Oir ata an tene ar son a h-edruime ac tarraing suas no co n-gabann cercall daingean dotruailligte an re ria & o nach fadhann slidhi tairis do coimed & da comhdaigh hi fein fo ascaill cruinn na cercaille sin & as uime sin as egin di fein beith cruinn mar ata cercall an re cumdaighes astig innte fein hí. Et as i an cercall sin as re deridh gluasta na corp n-edrom. Et as e ni doni an t-aer cruinn, druim an uisci cruinn sa glotain ichtaraidh suas aige & an cuit uachtarach de fein sa glotain ichtaraidh don tene; & o ta an tene & an t-uisci comcruinn mar da derbamar as egin dan aer ata ar na cumdach etorra beth cruinn da rer a fidrach sin. Et as amlaid ata an suighiugad sin na n-dul andluite sin a n-glotain a ceili nac feadann ni ele beth aturra & Is mar sin nach fedann inad folamh beth sa domhan uili.
Notum est unum quodque quatuor elementorum etcetera.
As follus gach duil do na ceithre duilib na naduiribh & na n-inadaibh & na n-gluasachtaibh da beith contrara da ceili, oir idir gach ni da n-gluaisinn o medhon Is i an tene as roluaithi acu & mar sin idir gach ni da n-gluaisinn co medhon as e an talam as roluaithi acu, & Is mar sin ata an talam & an teine contrara da ceili ar son caili teasigheachta na teinedh ac oibriugad edromachta innte & ar son caili fuardhachta na talman ag oibriugad truimidheachta innte. Et tuig an tan aderar talam & teine no da duil ele da beith contrarda da ceili gorab iat caili na n-dul tuicter an tan sin da beit contrartha da ceili & nach iat a sustainnte. Oir adeir an feallsam In libro predicamentorum, substainte nicel est contrarium, oir ni fuil en ni contrarda ag an t-substaint. Oir Is uime sin an trath aderar an tene da beth te tirim & an talam fuar tirim ata tes & fuacht In da duil sin contrara da ceile & atait aentaghach da ceile oir Is i In tirmigacht oibrighes luas indtu.
Et Is mar sin ata an t-aer & an t-uisci co h-aentadach & co h-asaentadhach da ceili ina cailib gnimhacha & atait co h-aentadhach Is na cailibh fuilngteca .i. an fliche noch oibrighes a moille innta ar aen. Et atait asaentadach da ceili is
na cailib gnimaca .i. a teasigacht oibriges edromacht Is In aer & a fuardhacht oibriges tromidacht Is In usci .Et as mar sin ata an tene & an t-uisci co h-asaentadach da ceili a na cailib gnimhacha & fuilngteca, oir as amlaid ata an tene te tirim luath edrum & Is amlaid ata an t-uisci fuar fliuch mall trom. Et as follus fa deoigh na neice ac a fuil gluasacht direach co n-anait na inadaib nadurtha fein acht muna curtar as da n-ainneoin iat. Et an trat claechligter duil dib an duil ele tri nert na dula sin no an trat curter duil acu da h-ainneoin as a h-inadh nadurtha fein, mar as tusca dagib cuis no becan cunganta le no gan gabail re doni caisimpodh casluath obann d'innsaige a naduir & a inaid ducusa fein.
Et as follus aris gurab te gach uili ni gluaises o medhon & gorab fuar gach uili ni gluaiseas co medhon; et gorab tirim gan comortas ris gach ni luataiges an gluasacht & gurab fliuch gan comortas gach ni mallaighes an gluasacht .Et as mar sin da thuismid & d'ordaigh an tusmigteoir beannaithi an doman na ceithre duilibh.
Argumentum ad rotunditatem terrae etcetera.
As arrdamhaint deimin domeallta do dearbad cruinne na talman na srotha da beit co siblach silteach ar fud aithchi na talman. Oir da m-beith an talamh na clar comtrom gan atmaireacht ann, mar adubradar na h-aineolaidh, co n-ingnad an ferthainn ani thig as na nelaib o tigid na srotha enloch mor fairgi comnaidhe ar agaid na talman & ni rithfedh o inadh co h-inadh mar dani anis. Ma sedh o ritid & nach anann a n-en inadh, tuicter co deimhin co fuil cruinne & atmairecht Is In talmain. Arrdomaint ele da derbadh an neith cedna, da n-gluaistea o medhon an domain co fairrgi budh tuaigh da follseocaidi doit annsin retlanna nach facaid tu riamh a medhon an domhain & da foileocaidi ort blodh do na retlannaibh theas daconncadais a medhon an domuin. Mar sin da n-ernta an sibhal cedna budh dheas da foillseocaidi duit retlanna nach facais don taeb tuaidh na a medhon an domhuin & do foileochaidi ort na retlanna doconncadhais Is na h-inadaibh sin.
Ma sedh Is deimin gorab i atmhaireacht na talman ag eirghe tar teis annsa t-sibal a m-bi foillsiges duit na retlanna bis romat & ceilis ort na retlanna bhis tar teis.
Tuilledh ar In adbar cedna .i. gach uile inad a m-bi tu don talmain daci tu cuid egin dan firmamint nach faicaid tu a n-en inad ele & derbtar as sin co fuil an boga ata a timcill na talman comhcruinn & go fuil an talam mar sin ar a lar. Et adeirmaid fos cum an adhbuir cedna co foillsigenn an grian ar gach sibal da n-denann a timcill na talman an leath bis ar a comhair don talmain co direach & gorab e an solus sin bis idir an grein & talmain as la ann co brach & co m-bi an leth ele don talmain dorca da sir o sgaili na talman & Is e an scaili dorcha sin as aithci ann co brac & Is mar sin gibe siubhal do ni an grian a timcill na talman leanaidh an la hi & teitidh an aithi roimpe don taib ele don talmain.
Et mar sin na daine as cinn a n-imtigheann grian dacid sin grian & la & an buidin bis don leth ele don talmain dacid siat retlanna & aithci & mar sin ni fedtar na neithi sin d'faicsin ar en slighi co brach .i. grian & retlanna aithci & la, oir an trath bis la againne ar uachtar talman bigh aitci fo talmain & Is mar sin re na impodh. Grinnigh co maith an focal so adubart .i. fo talmain. Oir gach uili ni ata tis fo talmain as e an talam e no rann da rannaibh. Et gach uili ni ata gac aen taeb don talmain on talmain amach as tuas ata. Et as mar sin ata an talam 'na enur guna rannaib this & gac en ni ele do rinne d'oibrigthib De gibe taeb don talmain a m-bid Is tuas atait. Et as mar sin gibe inad don talmain ar a m-bid daine 'na seasamh as suas bid a cinn & sis bid a cossa. Et gibe neach aderadh an talam da beith 'na clar comtrom gan atmairecht & an grian d'eirgi da taib de & a dul fai don taib eli adeirmid-ni nach fedtar sin da beit 'na firinne & nac hedir resun na arrdomaint d'fagbail da derbad sin. Oir da madh fir an baramail so da cithfi co m-bedh an grian bec ag erghi & gach dul suas da denadh & gach foicsi duinn da tuicfadh dacitfi duinn co mad moidi hi & as follus da gac eolac ar doman nach fuil sin 'na firinne oir daciamaid corub comtrom a meid a n-oirrcer & a n-iartar & a mullach an domuin. Et as sin derbtar an talam & cursa na greine a timceall na talman da bet comcruinn & da cur sin a ceill ni bhus follse dagen fidhair iomitrici annso tis & dagen ar dus cuma cruinn cercaille na talman & scribhfad a medhon an a sentrom E & scribfaid me 'na timcill sin cercall as mo na sin amail cercall na greine & cuirfead 'na h-iartar A & 'na mullach B & 'na oirrcer 4 C & scribfad cercall bec a cosmulus cercailli cuirp na greine fare gac litir aca sin & tarrongad tar eisi sin tri line o t-sentrom na talman co cercaill timcill na greine. Line acu sin co h-A, an dara line co B, an treas line co C. Et as follus da gach neach smuainteocas iat co fuilit na tri line sin comtrom comfada re ceili.
Ma sedh as comfada comtrom o gach aen an talamh gibe inad a m-bia an grian ag eirgi & a dul fai & a mullach a cercaille & Is mar sin as follus co fuil an talamh & cercall na greine a dimceall na talman comtrom leth ar leth. Et gibe neach aderad mar arrdamhaint a na agaid so co faicter an grian ag erghi & ac dul fai co follus nis romho na mar doci a mullach a medhon lai & gurub as sin tuicter gorab faidi uainn i a medhon lae na Is na h-airdib ele sin & gorab e sin derbas co fuil an talam na clar comtrom gan atmeracht da bet ann, adermid co h-imcubaid da tabairt solaidi don arrdamaint sin co tecmann sin co minic & nach tecmann da sir & an trath teagmas as i so an cuis fo tegmann. An grian ag ergi & a dul fai, togaid si suas na fliucadain & an fertain & eirgid dethaighi dorca fliuca co h-imard adrinn & hi fein, & annsin an trath fecamaid ar In n-grein lethnaigid & remhrigid an smuit sin daciter speir an radairc intu fein & mar sin da rer corpurdachta & talmanachta na smuiti sin, daciter an grian trit an smuit sin nis mo na mar dachitfidi í muna beit an smuit sin ann. Et an trath gluaises an la & bis an grian a mullach na firmaminti gan smuit adrainn & hi as annsin da citer hi na med coir fein.
Et as follus a eisimlair sin Is In duine lomnocht fo uisci, oir dar leis an radarc as mo fa uisci e na don taib amuith d'uisci. Gidheadh ni fuil da derbad annsin acht an t-uisci fliuch tiugh ac lethnugadh & ac ramrugadh an radairc ann & a bacail de dul co seim na naduir fein d'innsaidhi an duine. Et as i an cuis cedna dabeir corob mo & gurab roime daciter ni tri gloine na don taeb amuit di. Et as uime sin na seandaine o m-bi a radarc a dul nac fetaid litreacha caela da legad gabaid spechlai glaine cucu da reamrugad na litrech ledhaid & as i an cuis cedna dabeir ar In grein a faicsin mocrac & um tratnona nis mo na a medon lae mar adubrumar.
Et gibe aineolach aderad ani cedna .i. an talam da beth 'na clar comtrom & an grian a na cercaill cruinn a timcill na talman & co faicfidis daine an domhain co coitceann hi isin en uair fa n-ereochadh a n-en inadh amhain aderamais-ne go mad breg sin da n-abartaidh .Agus da cur so a ceill smuaintidh da cathair at' inntinn fein .i. catair acu a n-oirrcer an domhain & cathair ele a n-iartar an domain & smuaintidh da m-beith an talam 'na clar comtrom co nematmar mar adeir an baramhail so costrasta co faicfidis lucht catrac oirrcir an domain an grian a fogus doib fein ag erghi a meid moir & tar eis a cercaille da sibal co faicid i a dul fai tiar a med o rolugha na sin. Et as mar sin re h-impodh: — lucht catrach iartair an domhain dacitfidis an grian ag ergi dhi a meid big ar son a fad uata & ac dul fai dhi laim riu fein ar son a foicsi doib a meid bud romho na sin. Et as mar sin dacitfidhi da lucht na catrach oirrceraighi co madh girra leat tosaid an lae na a leth deighinach. Et ar an innus cedna dacitfidhi da lucht na catrac iartaraighe co madh girri leth deirigh an lae na leth tosaigh. Et ata a deimhin againne & ac na h-eolcaibh co neamcunntabartach gorab comfada an la gaca leiti don ponc inmedonac an lae ag an da catair sin & In gach inadh ele Is In domhuin & gorab e secran & easbaigh eagna tuc an baramail sin da tobairt. Et as an comtromacht sin rainn tosaig & rainn derigh an lae derbtar co follus an grian da beit ac sibal a cercaill cruinn a timcill na talman cruinne.
Et d'foillsiugad an adhbhair so nis mho & da scris na baramhla sin dagen fidhair iomitre annso this. Et tarrongad ar dus line direc re n-abartar aigid na talman & tarrongad os a cinn sin cercall re n-aibeoir sligthi cursa na greine & dagen fidhair cathrach a cinn oirrcerach an line & scribfad A litir as a cinn & da den sa cinn iartarach don line cedna fidair catrac ele & scribochad B os a cinn & scribocad C a ponc eirgi na greine & D a ponc a dula fai & E a medon lae na catrach oirrceraidhi & F a medhon lae na catrach iartaraighi di. Ma sedh an trath eirges grian a ponc C & teit si co h-E & teit ced leth lae na catrach oirrceraighi tort & bid an dara leth o E co D gan tiacht & aris an trath eirghes grian a ponc C & teit si co F teit ced leth lae na catrac iartaraighe torrsa & bid an dara leath o F co D gan tiacht; da rer sin beith leth bus rofuidi na ceili ag la gac catrach aca sin oir Is faidi co mor o E co D, noch Is cuit deiginach da lo na catrach oirrcearaidhi, na o C co E, noch Is cuit tosanach da lo na catrac cedna. Et aris as faidi da mhoran o C co F noc as cuit tosanach da la na catrach iartaraidh na o F co D, noch as cuit deiginach don la cedna & Is follus do gach neach Is In doman lenab ail a fecain co grinn nach fuil si 'na firinne. Ma sedh as seacranach na raiti sin as a tic sin .i. co fuil an talam 'na clar comtrom, gan atmaireacht ann, & Is uime sin adearar ar lorg na firinne co fuil an talam atmar comcruinn.
Et da derbadh gorab fir sin, ni h-innann inad a teit an grian fai da dha cathraigh san doman, oir mar claechliges tu inad, claechligidh tu dul fai na greine duit. Da derbadh sin da m-beitea a cathair Iaruscalem, da racad an grian fai duit ac an Roimh & da m-bethea annsin da rachadh si fai duit a n-iarthar na Frainnce & ar m-beth annsin duit da racad si fai a n-iarthar na Spainne. Et tar eisi sin d'faileochadh inad egin don fairrgi thiar ort & da coinneomhadh an fairrgi tu & an grian da leanmhain, da claechleofad si dul fai gach n-en la da m-beththea ca leanmain no co n-deachad si fa deridh duit fai Is In inadh a facaid tu ag erghi hi an trat do bi tu a cathair Iarusalem.
Et as dearb nac fuil d'examlacht sa dul fai na greine acht atmaracht na talman a sirteacht adrainn & i, oir da m-beth an talam 'na clar comhtrom amail adubairt an baramail o cianaib, ni beth acht en inad a n-ereochadh an grian da dhainib an domain & en inad ele a racadh fai. Ma sedh o ta imad na n-inad ann a n-erginn si & a teit si fai, as egin co fuil an talam comcruinn & na fuil se 'na clar comtrom.
Ma sedh an siraidhi bunaid d'orduig mar sin e, go roib se bennaithi tre bithu.
Maria et flumina diuersa loca matant etcetera.
An fairrgi .i. claechligid an fairrgi & na srotanna i moran d'inadaib & ni follus sin co tic tar eis morain da cedaib bliadan. Agus as amlaid so tic an claechlod sin .i. mar brisid na h-uisceadha na cnuic, tuitidh talam na cnoc a n-ichtar na n-uiscid & linaid inad an uisci, & o facaid a n-inadh fein co h-ainneonach Is egin doib dul a n-inadh eli a na fadaid slige .Et trit an cuis sin na catraca & na bailti & na crica a m-bi aitrebh na n-dainedh a n-gleanntaib & a n-inedaib isle a fogas na fairrgi, tic an fairrgi torrsa & baidhidh si iat .Et as i an fairrgi tic as na nelaib as adhbur do so, oir an trat tites, bigh a sir rith ar fud na talman ac tocailt na talman & gach ni as sooscailte & Is laigi dageibh Is In talmain, berid se o inad co h-inadh isna srotaib & fuadaigidh nert na srotann na nethi cedna sa fairrgi & lintar dib sin ichtar na fairrgi & Is uime as egin dan fairrigi an t-inad sin d'fagbail & dul a n-inadh eli. Agus brisid cnuic an inadh cum a teid & linaid na gleannta & mar sin claechligter inad aitreabtha & sealbta na n-dainedh .i. na catracha & na crica & na cnuic & na gleannta.
Oir as ni nadurtha don uisci, o ta se siltec, gan beth da sir a n-en inadh ach a dul o inadh co h-inadh. Agus 'na dedhaig sin, an talam as laigi, berid na srotha leo san fairrgi e & tre beth co rofada do ann, calcaidid se ann & cruadhaigid & dani cloch de & le sirbualadh na tonn fai & tairis da sir, snoighter & minaiter na clocha & curter fidracha egsamla orra, oir daniter blodha acu crinn & blodha letan & blodha fada & blodha ger.
Et as mar sin, an gaineamh & na clocha etroma, berid na srotha leo sa fairrgi & crinnigid cum a ceile o imbualadh na tonn amuith & tar eis morain da cedaib bliadan, fasaidh se & eirgidh se suas os an fairrgi & doni cnuic de & sleibti & cuiridh an fairrgi ni de d'innsaidhi na crich ele & as e as adbur as a m-bainter na catraca & na crica. Et da derbad sin gurab fir e, daciter a moran d'inadaib dachuaidh fon fairgi tigi cloch & caislein & tempaill & cloca snaighthi & clair & a lan da comartaib nemcunntabartacha ar i n-deimniter aitreb daine da beit uair egin Is na h-inadaib sin.
Ni ele da derbadh an raeda cedna, dagebtar co follus a mullach na cnoc & na sleibtead cassain & sligteca na fairrgi noch Is cosmail risna h-imaraib & risna eitrib beca cama daciter a ladh na mara deis na fairrgi da dul amach & leis sin dagabtar a lan da sligeanaib & da miniasgaib mara ar calcadadh & ar cruadhugad & ar n-denum cloch dib isna h-inadaib cedna. Et ar an nos cedna doni an fertain slebti & gleannta an domain, oir an trat rithes an fertain a n-inad a fadhann an talam lag, toclaidh e & doni eitrighi ann & tuitid bruach an eitrighe gaca leiti, idir gaineam & talmain Is In eitridhi leis In uisci & berid an t-uisci sin leis d'innsaighe na srothann & berid na srotha sa fairrgi & le h-imad fertana na h-aimsiri rofada ac sirtuitem Is na h-eitrib sin & ac sirbreith na talman & an gainim leo doni gleannta mara do na h-eitrib sin & fa deoid factar an talam na cnocaib & na sleibtib mora atarra & Is mar sin d'ordaigh tuismiteoir beannaiti an domain ani sin.
Calor et
frigidus opus uetimens in
terrum, etc.
As dasachtac mear na gnimharta dani fuacht & teas a talmain, oir isin t-samrad, an trat teighes teas na greine agaid na talman, o nach fuilingid da ni contrardha beit a n-en inadh, tethidh an fuacht roimh an teas a n-doimne na talman & fuarid sin an t-uisci dageib fo talmain & as uime sin bis uisci na tobar fuar Is In t-samrad, & ar an adbar cedna, le fad na greine uainn Is In geimridh gabaid an fuacht nert annsin ar uachtar na talman so uile & cuiridh an teas a teitead a n-inne na talman astech & Is uime sin bid uiscedha na tobar te sa gemrid. Agus an trath bis an fuacht sin a n-inne na talman isin t-samradh co nertmar, calcaidh se & cubaid se e fein annsin o nac leiginn daingne & dluithi na talman do dul amach, & gac fad da m-bia ann as moidi a nert & a brig. Et annsa geimred, an trat cuires fuacht aitchi na talman an teas asteach a n-inne na talman & dageib ar a cinn astigh an prisunach .i. fuacht inne na talman, gnimaidhid ar a ceili & dab ail le gac neac acu a celi da scris & crotaidh an talam & Is risin crothad sin aderar terra motus .i. crit na talman & tic as In crotadh sin co n-gerrtar & co m-brister an talam & teit gaeth mhor maille re toirnigh & re foghar as In brisid sin & teit crefoc & cloca leis & gibe duine no ainmigi no caislen no raed ele daingin da m-beanfad cloc aca sin, ni gebhad uatha gan dul trit.
Et as minic tegmas a n-uair terra motus co n-dorcaigter an grian & Is e ni o tic an dorchadus sin .i. an gaeth tren tic as an brisid sin na talman, seidid si co nertmar comachtach moran cannuir & crefoigi uaithi suas Is In aer & bigh an cainniur sin mar nel idir an talam & an grian & boinid solus na greine do na cineadhachaibh na timcill.
Agus uair eli brisid an terra motus an talam fon fairrgi & seidigh an gaeth tic as an uisci suas fon aer & cuiridh sin an fairrgi a fiuchadh adbul mhor. Et rebaigh an crit cedna na cnuic & na sleibhti an trat bis adbhur futa innus co fagann fuachaisi doimne duba innus nac faicter grinneall tar eis.
Et 'na dedaid sin tic la egsamlacht an inaid a m-bid na h-uiscedha examlacht an blassa da beth orra, or gid en t-sustaint ata ag na h-uiscedaibh uili, gabaidh examlacht aicidec cugi da rer blassa an talman a m-bi .Et as uime sin an t-uisci bis a n-inadh clocach gainmech, blas milis bis air & an t-uisci bis a talmain goirt, blas saillti bis air & an t-uisci bis a talmain labain blas tragain bis air & an t-uisci bis a talmain serb an a m-bi clocha sulfuir no ailimi, no an t-inadh a m-bi mianach prais no umha no neici serba eli, blas serb bis ar In uisci sin. Agus mar sin da rer examlacht aicidi blassa na talman a m-bid na h-uiscedha, claechligid an t-uisci aicid blassa.
Et 'na diaidh sin na srotha bis ac sibal ar uachtar talman, an trat tegmas talam lac soscailti orra, tollaidh siat e & doni sligteca diamra doib fein ann fo talmain no co tecmann talam doscailti orra nac liginn tairis iat don taeb so na don taib eli. Et o gabtar mar sin riu tis brisidh an talam os a cinn suas & doni toibreaca dib da rer meidi no laiged na srotann fo talmain o tigid, no da rer imaid na fertana a tigid na srotanna, oir Is da rer sin linaid & traigid na tobraca.
Et as e ni o tic sailltecht usci na fairrgi .i. on a arrsaigecht fen & o sirbualadh na tonn fo na clocaib & o sibal na greine riam os a cinn & o innarbad na codac as millsi don uisci aisti o teasbac na greine. Oir tairrngid teasbac na greine an cuid as seime & as millsi d'uisci na fairrgi suas a nelaib an aeir & Is de sin dani an drucht & In fertain & In sneachta & an cloitshneachta & gac ni eli da tic anuas. Et facaid tis an rann Is truime & Is reime & Is talmanda & Is serbhi & Is on naduir cedna bis fual an duine serb, oir an t-oibriugad dani grian os cinn na fairrgi as e sin doni lionn ruad os cinn an fuail 'ga sithlod & ac tarraing na rann seimh uadha.
Et as si an cuis cedna dabeir ar an usci dageib moran da berbud beit serb, teasigacht na tened ic tarraing na rann seimh uadha. Et an trat
dageib an t-uisci saillti sin na fairrgi moran da berbad ar teni no o grein a tirtaib te calcaidh se & cruagaid & impoidid se a naduir na talman & Is e sin an salann tig cugainn. Et as e doni an t-oibriugad sin .i. ro berbad na tineadh no na greine a tarraing na rann seimh uadha uili & ar na sitlodh mar sin & ar na cruthugad fein & ar na inntod a naduir na talman da rer corpordachta. Agus duair ann ceangailter na h-uisceadha millsi & co sunnradach uisci na srotann o dasacht na fuardhachta & doni eigrid dib & ni leiginn an teas nadurtha ata sa fairgi, & beit na comnaige di, an ceangal sin da gabail cuci on fuacht oir Is i naduir na fuardhachta, gach ni roites da cheangal & naduir an teasa gac ni ceangailti da scailid, mar aderaid na feallsamain.
Don da cnoc ar lasadh atara .i. Etna an Sisaile & Ueranes Is In Apaile a inad na sulfure occacio huius ignis est etcetera .Dico quod.
Aderim gorab e med na sulfure as adbur don teine bis ar lassadh da sir & Is mar so as e .i. an trath tinnscnas an teine gnimh da deanam a cuislennaib na sulfaire fo talmain, ni fanann ac sir lasadh na sulfairi & talman roimhe co domuctha.
Agus Is mar sin doni puill & cabain roimhe sa talmain & In trat tair le an t-sulfur ata do naduir ann co fasann aris. Et an tan fases impoid aris & loisgidh aris e & bith an fas sin na sulfuri & losgad na teinedh ar fas tri bithu sir & teilgidh an lasair, mar eirges aisti, a lan da caeraib & da caebaib teined tic o folad na sulfuri aisti amach & cruinnigid sin ar en slighi & doni sleibti dib. Et as minic cluinter fogar mor aduatmar on gaith ac dul asteach Is na fedanaib sin & a seidedh leis In lasair ac dul amac. Et atait na h-uiscedha tusmigter o na h-inadaib teinntighi sin te, oir mar adubramar gabaid na h-uisceadha aicid on inadh a ticid Mas gluasacht siraidhi ingantac dani na nethi ingantacha sin.
Luna uisbiliter In mare etcetera.
.i. Gnimhaidhi an re co follus Is In fairrgi & Is na neicibh fliucha ele, oir aderaid na feallsamain nach anann an fairrgi ac sirlinadh on trat bis an re a ponc oirrcher a cercaille conic an trat fa m-binn se a mullach a cercailli & nach anann aris as sin a sir tragadh no co m-bi ac dul fai a ponc iarthair a cercailli .Et nac anann as sin aris ac sirlinadh no co m-bi an re a ponc medhonac a cercailli fo talmain. Et as sin aris nach anann ac sir tragadh no co m-bi a ponc oirrcerac a cercailli & tinnscnaidh annsin aris linad mar darinne roimhe.
Et mar sin da rer eirghi & dul fai an esga, ni anann an fhairgi co brac ac linadh & ac tragad & an trat bis an re a n-enceime ris In n-grein Is annsin as mo & as tinne a solus .i. a tosac
gacha mis & Is annsin as ro mho tragad & linadh na fairrgi. An dara cuairt as mo tragad & linadh na fairgi .i. a medhon gacha mis an trat bis solus lan ac an re laca rinne, oir as annsin frithbuailter solus na greine anuas on re d'innsaighi na fairrgi & oibrigi sin tragadh & linadh na fairrgi.
Agus as mar sin foillsiges an re na gnimharta cedna a smir & a n-incinn & a fuil na n-daine oir medaigter & laidigtar na tri neici sin a tosac & a medon gacha mis da rer cursa an re .Et da rer sin ni tigid eslaini na droca fola mar atait neascoidi & neici iomda eli ach a tosach & a medon gaca mis.
Et as follus aris gnimana an re da rer bisidh & dombisidh Is na cucumeraib & Is na cucurbitaibh & Is gac en ni a tigernaiginn an flice da rer cursa an re. Et Is si so a cuis nadurtha sin, oir ata tigernas ag an re ar na neicibh fliucha, & ar usci na fairgi co sunnradach, mar ata ag adhamas ar In iarann, oir mar tairrnges adhamas an t-iarann cuici as mar sin tairrnges an re uisci na fairrgi & Is ris sin aderar linad na fairrgi. Et an trat scuires se don tarraing sin impaid an fairgi d'innsaighe a h-inaid fein aniar & Is ris sin aderar tragad.
Et as folluse an tragad so & an linad a n-oircer an domain & na iartar na sa Muir Ruaidh no a Muir na h-Africi no isna maraib eli tic on fairgi moir, oir Is sibal direach ata ac blodh acu sin siar gaca dirga, & soir gaca dirgha linas blod eli acu tre brig oibrighthi an re ass a cinn. Et as uime sin nac follus an linad sin na'n tragad ar cladacaib na mara annsin.
Agus d'foillsiugad na n-oibrigthi sin an re a timcill traigti & linta an mara, dagen fidair iomitre annso tis & dagen ar dus fidair comcruinn na talman ar na roinn a ceithre rannaib comtroma & scribocad na ceithre litreaca so 'na n-inadaib fein a timcill na ceithre rann sin .i. A, B, C, D, litre & scribochad a timcill na talman samail cercaille an re & cuirfed E 'na h-oirrcer & F 'na medon mullaid & G 'na h-iartar & H 'na medon ictar & dubochad leth na fairrgi don talmain & faicfead an leth ele tirim, geal. Ma sed an trat bis an re a n-oircer a cercailli fein a ponc E co direc ar comar A, as annsin tinnscnas an fairgi linadh & ni anann ac sir linadh co soitinn an re a ponc F, ata ar comair B. Agus Is annsin tinnscnus an muir tragadh & ni scuirinn ac sir tragadh no co roitinn an re ponc G ata ar comair C. Et bidh sin ac sir linad no co roitinn an re ponc H ar comair D & bidh aris ac sir tragad no co roitinn an re ar comair A.
Solent quidam imperiti aserere etcetera
.i. Aderaid blodh do na eolcaib tuile t-srotha Nil do techt a fertanaib mora noch feras a cricaib ciana & mar linas an sroth, sceighidh amach ar fud ferainn na h-Eigifti & ani dani an fertain do na cineadacaib eli, Is e sin doni uisci srota Nil do na h-Egeftecaib. Et adermuid-ne nach fuil ardhamaint na resun acu san da derbad na neithi sin ach baramail
amhain, oir mar dacit siat srotha eli an domain da linadh o fertanaibh, sailid gorab mar sin linas srut Nil.
Derbocamaid-ni anois gorab breg an baramail sin, oir da madh iat na fertana, mar adubradar san, cuis tuili srota Nil, da linfaide gan aimsir airithe cum a linta gac uair d'ferfad ann co h-acmainnech trit an m-bliadain amach, mar lintar na srota eli. Et as follus da gac aen daci e nac lintar an srot sin acht a n-aimsir airithi sa bliadhain .i. a mi Adhuist; ach an trat feras co h-imarcac a crich egin laim ris an Eghift, gabaidh an srot sin becan linta on fertain sin, oir an fertain feras a cricaib ciana on Eghift ni medaiginn si srot Nil caiti ar son rofad tobair an th-srota on Egift & ar rotirma na talman & Is ime sin, gibe trat d'earrach no da th-samradh no d'aimsir eli feras ann, suidhid an ferann gainmec rotirim & britin na greine uisci na fertana & ni liginn e d'innsaidi an t-srota. No an trat lintar tri imarcaidh fertana, maille le fuarlochaib mora, an srot, ata da teas an talman a timcill an t-srota, nach tusca lintar na fuarlaidhi na suighes an talam iad. Ni minic bis an t-uisci aicideach sa t-srot sin & bidh caithi linta port re port da uisci fein.
Da derbad sin, da n-dernta claidhi a m-bedh da ced no tri ced mili ar fad an talman tirim ge madh mor d'uisci da doirtfea a ceann de da t-suidfedh an talam uili e sul da roised en deoir an ceann eli de; & Is mar sin t-shuiges talamh brithnech te srota Nil na h-uiscada feras na timcill sul shoitid an Eghift, ma sedh ni hi an fertain cuis tuili srota Nil.
Ni ele da derbad an raeda cedna mar dacualasa om arsantaib fein .i. da sailedar Egiftidh uair egin nach linfad srot Nil no co curtaighi an maighdin budh ailli & bud ferr deissi isin Eighift ann, & Is uime sin da ba egin doib fuarlaidhi an t-srota d'faghail da fliuchad an ferainn, oir as e sin bis acu a n-inadh na fertana; & da curdis an maidhin as ailli dageibthi ansa cric uili a tosac mi Auust annsa srot, & da linad an srot an uair da eissi sin & ni h-ar son na mna do cur annsin acht ar son a aimsiri fein da techt .Agus da linadh an Eghift na timcill fein uile & da bi an monadh so a n-gnathochann isin Eigift no co tainic aimser Thomarus 6 .i. ri na h-Eigifti. Et mar daconnaic an ec isin angnathadh borbpecac sin a tosach mis Adhuist, do rinne litir bec & adubairt innti ‘A n-ainm an tigerna trocairidh Thomarus righ na h-Eighifti, betha & slainti da srot Nil, & madh ail let, a srot Nil, tri cumachtaib De t'uisci da dortad ar ferann na h-Eigifti, guidmid thu ma denum anois & munab ail let, ni fuil brig acainn innut.’ Agus da chuir an litir annsa srot annsin, & ni trit an litir, na trit an mnai, ac mar tainic a aimser fein da cuir dar a bordaib co h-acmuinnech & do lin an Egift. Et as uime sin, da mad o na fertanaib sin da ticfedh an tuili sin, as a minic sa bliadain feras ann, as minic do linfad an srot. Ma sed os a breg an baramail so, oisceol-sa cuis firinnech tuili srota Nil.
Agus aderim gorab idir oirrcer an domain & an ard teas ata bun an t-srota & idir iartar an domain & an aird tuaig teit se a fairgi & Is amlaid ata aer na h-Egifti te, tirim & ni licinn gaeth na neil na fertain inti co brac ac co h-annam. Oir, ge tait na crica eli ac seidid 'na timcill, dluthaid & daingnidh an t-aer sin, innas corab maille re h-anfad romhor teit neil no fertain tar coicrich an aeir sin astec. Agus an uair ainminic theit, bid toirrnec adhuathmar ann & gaeth romor & teinntec mhor noch marbas eallach na h-Egifti. Et as i naduir an aeir coitcinn, an trat teidhes, dul a scailedh & a letni; & an tan fuaras, timsaighi d'innsaigi a celi, & dluthaid & tairrngidh gach ni Is cosmail ris da innsaighi. Aer na mara, as fuare e san aithi na sa lo & Is ime sin an trat ardaighes an grian co h-inadh medon lae, tri teas na greine, scailid an t-aer & lethnaidh & seididh an gaet aniar on uair sin co taca medon aichi a n-doirsib na srotann t-silis Is In fairrgi siar, & buailidh a n-agaid na srotana & teilgid iat da n-ainneoin tar a n-ais & ni liginn doib siled sa fairgi no co m-boininn fuacht na h-aithi a brig as teas na greini; & Is mar sin as o teas an aeir tic gabhail risna srotaib & Is o fuacht an aeir tic an siledh. Et mar Is teo aer na mara sa lo na san aithi & gorab o neasacht na greine duinn & o na fad uainn tig an claechlod sin ar an aer, ma sedh an aimser ana ro foicsi duinn sa bliadain hi .i. an samradh, as ann as roteo an t-aer sin na fairgi. Et as ime sin on ced la da mhi Mai conuic an taca a tet an grian a n-eccinocsium Septimpir, seididh gaet na fairgi soir d'innsaighi na h-Egifti as cinn srota Nil & cuiridh re h-aer na h-Egifti da gluasacht & da chur as a inadh fein.
Et o ta an t-aer sin tirim, trom, dogluasta gabaidh risin n-gaith & ni fagann a inadh fein, & an gaet bis oc sir seididh, o nac fadann slidhi eli, cuiridh srot Nil da aineoin tar a ais & ni leiginn en deor de sa fairgi, & scubaid an gaeth cedna moran da gaineamh na fairgi a n-dorus srota Nil da ainneoin .Et as uime sin, o nac leigter sibal dan t-srot sa fairgi, linaidh se ar fud na h-Eighifti suas & bid an tuili sin ar bun an comfad bis a brig fein sa gaith .i. feadh na h-aimsire adubramar o cianaibh, on ced la da mhi Mai co h-eccinocium Septimpir & as annsin tinnscnus a brig dul as an n-gaith & facus an grian a mullach na fairgi & islides si deis a celi san aird teas don doman. Et o nac fedann uisci an t-srota gabail ris an gaith mar fuair conuice sin, brisidh se an sliab gainimh & teit roimhe sa fairrgi & fagaidh In Egift & Is annsin donit na h-Egiftidh treabad & cur, o bis a deimhin acu nac toirmeoscadh an srot iat co d-ti an aimser cedna aris. Et mar sin Is follus co toirmeoscaithi iat co minic ni bud tusca na n-aimsir sin da madh o na fertanaib da ticfad tuili srota Nil.
Et tecmaid an linadh cedna da srotaib na cric eli siles Is In fairgi siar gin co tecmann co mor re srot Nil, oir ni fuil acht aer lag sogluasta, nac gabann ansin n-gaith & gluaises le gac slighe da m-berinn e Is na cricaib ele. Et as ime sin nac bi lethad tuili srota Nil a n-en t-sroth eli Is na cricaibh &co raib In ti da crutaid srot Nil bennaithi tre bithu sir In secla cecloram.
Dico sicut superius ueraciter etcetera.
Aderim co firinneach mar adubart ar dus gurub iat as cir edroma ann, na cuirp gluaises o medon co nuic an cercaill timcill & gurub iat as cirp troma ann, na cirp gluaisis as sin co medon & gurub ac na ceithre duilib & ac gac ni cumusctar astu atait an da gluasacht direca sin .Ma sedh o nac gluaisinn an firmamint o medon no co medon, tuirter nach trom & nac edrom hi, oir da mad trom hi da gluaisfedh co medon & da madh etrom da gluaisfedh o medhon & o nac neachtar acu sin tuicter hi, tuicter 'na deagaid sin nac te hi & nac fuar, oir as annsna corpaib te mar ata an tene bis an edromacht & nac fuil sisi edrom mar da derbamar, as egin nac fuil teas innti, & os Is na corpaib troma, mar ata an talam, bis an fuardhacht, a nach fuil an firmamint trom Is egin nach fuil fuacht innti .Tuicter aris as sin nac fuil an firmamint fliuch na tirim, oir oibridh an flichi amluas ansa corp a m-bi, mar dani san aer gluaises o medon & annsan uisci gluaises co medon. Agus mar sin oibriges tirmigacht luas Is na corpaibh a m-bi, mar oibriges isin tene gluaises a medon & isin talmain gluaises co medon. Et o nac fuil luas na amluas isin firmamint, ni bi uair Is luathi ina ceili na uair Is amluaithi na celi on trat da crutaigh Dia e acht en gluasacht inann cobsaidh siraidhi da bi & ata & bias aigi co deredh an domain. Et as ime sin nac fuil fliche na tirme as a ticfadh luas na mailli ann. Et mar sin Is e an gluasacht cedna ata ac speir na n-airdrinnach & ac secht speirib na secht plained da bhi & bias co deiredh an domain.
Et atait blodh do na haineolcaib ata co h-ainfeasac a gnimartaib De, 'ga rad gurab Is na ceithre duilib da cumuscadh an firmamint, & ata co follus a n-agaid na firinni, oir ni fuilnginn resun, o ta an naduir examail ag an cetharduil an gac uili ni on naduir na firmaminti, co cumusceotaid an firmamint astu san. Oir Is i naduir na cethardula, mar adubrumar, blod acu da gluasacht co medon & blod ele o medon amach & an gluasacht sin da beth co h-aimserda & a beth nis luaite 'na deredh na 'na tosach & comnaidhi sir da beit acu na n-inadh fein & gan na h-inadh sin d'fhagail caithi acht da n-ainneoin, oir Is comhaisi gac duil don cetharduil re cele & a comnaighi nadurtha.
Agus leis sin atait caili iomdha isin cetharduil .i. tes & fuacht, fliche & tirime, etruma & troma, luas & mailli, & Is amlaid ata naduir na firmaminti a cert agaid na naduir sin, oir a n-agaid gluasachta dirid na cethardula ata gluasacht timcill na firmaminnti & a n-agaid aimserachta an gluasachta sin ata siraigecht a n-gluasacht na firmaminti & i n-agaid luais & maille an gluasachta sin ata siraidacht maille a n-gluasacht na firmaminti .Et a n-agaid comnaidi sir na cethardula na n-inadaib fein ata sibal sirnadurtha na h-inadh fein ac an firmamint. Et mar as comaisi an cetharduil & a comnaidhi re celi as mar sin as comaisi an firmamint & a gluasacht re celi & ata a n-egmuis gach uili cail da cailib na cethardula; oir ni fuil teas na fuacht, na fliche na tirme innte na etromacht na troma na luas na mailli.
Et mar daniter ranna na cethardula ni truaillidter & ni claechligter hi co brac ach mar da bi o tus an domhuin co daingin duinti dotruaillidthe doscailti, & Is mar sin bias co nic an cric d'ordaidh an tusmiteor di. Ma sedh o ta naduir na cethardula & naduir na firmaminti co direch a n-agaid a celi, as a n-agaid resuin & naduir aderar gorab Is In cetharduil da comasced an firmamint.
Resun eli a n-agaid na baramla cedna .i. gach uile ni cumuscter a netib contrardha bis ac oibriugad a n-agaid a ceili & bis a truailled a ceili truailligter uili fa deredh e, mar atait na daine & na h-ainminnti & gach uili ni ele cumuscter sa cetharduil a m-bid caili contrardha na n-dul a scris a ceili & an trat gabhas cail acu tigernas ar In cail ele truaillidter co h-uili an raed cumuscter
asta. Mar sin da cumusctaidh an firmamint Is na ceithre duilib o na cailib contrara sin da beit ac truailled a celi da scailfithe & da truaillfithi an firmamint fo dereadh.
Ma sedh o nach faicter & o nac facas & o nac ficfiter comarta an scailti uair, tuicter corab cian uaithi beth ar na cumosc isin
cetharduil. Ma sedh In te d'ordaigh mar sin i co roib bennaithi o gac aen dacitfedh hi. Quando Deus firmamentum creauit etcetera.
.i. An trat da tuismidh Dia an firmamint da ordaid se gluasacht coimlinta foirfi nac fasann & nac teit ar cul caithe, oir as re ceithre h-uairib fichet coimhlinas an firmamint a timcill co neamhfailleach nemmheallta & Is iat na ceithre h-uaire fichet sin as aitchi & Is la ann.
Da rinne fos Dia speir na greine d'foillsiugad lae & aitchi & a cailidechta & a fad & a n-girri & d'foillsiugad mesardachta neamdha & examlachta fasta & traighti teasa & fuachta a n-inadaib examla cum na creatuir da silad o ceili & cum ordaithi an domain da coimlinadh; oir da n-gluaisidh an firmamint & an grian ni bud luaithi na mar danit, da gerrfaidi na laeithe & na h-aiteda & In beit aimser coimlinta a gnimhartad ac an grein & da locfadais na creatuir talamanda fas; & da n-gluaisdis nis maille na mar danit da faideochaidh la & aithi & mar sin da beth grian co rofad os cinn na talman & da bruitfedh & da tirmochad agaid na talman & ni leigfeadh en red d'fas tri talmain. Et mar sin ni fedfaidis daine aitreabocan da denamh isin aird bu dheas don doman mar donit anois leted se ceiminna deg
don taib astigh don line medonac an domain, oir daghenadh rocomnaidhi na greini an t-inad sin co doaitrebta. Agus mar sin timcill deiridh se ceiminna & tri fichit ceim na firmaminti on line cedna bud thuaidh, da beth an t-inadh futa co doaitrebtha tri fuacht na h-aithi rofaidi. Et ata an tinadh o deredh na se ceiminna & tri fichit sin doaitrebtha tre fuardhacht anmesardha conuic an inadh ata co direach fa cuairt na greine. Oir an trat claenas an grian dan taib u deas don doman, fasaid an fuardhacht an medi sin isin taeb budhtuaidh innus nach fedaid ainminnti aitrebachan ann & nach fasait a crainn. Et mar sin don taib amuith don line adubrumar u dheas ni aitrebhaid daine na ainminnti ann tre imarcridh teasa, & Is In crit as foicsi don line sin don taib astidh atait na fir gorma noc dubus o teas ainmesarda na greine.
Adobrumar thuas nac fuil en cail do na cailib contrara o tic gac truailled & gac scailed isin firmamint, & mar sin ni fuil contraracht na gluasacht acu oir Is egin da gluasacht cac uili cuirp isin doman beth cruinn no direc no cumusca asta ar aen amail ata gluasacht na cartach. An gluasacht cruinn & direc co nemhcumusca atait siat. As ime sin, gac corp cumasca & nemcumasca as cruinn no direach gluaises se. Acht Is e Is gluasacht cruinn ann an gluasacht teit mar samail cercaill a dimcill medoin. Acht Is e Is gluasacht direach ann an gluasacht teit o medon tuas co medon tis & atait na tri gluasachta na n-gluasachtaib nemcomusca & Is nemcomusca an gluasacht cruinn na'n da gluasacht eli oir Is neamcumusca an corp gluaisis mar sin na gach uili corp.
Et an da gluasacht sin teit co medon & o medon as cumusca iat ac fecain an gluasachta timcill cumascter sa cetharduil, oir ni fuil gluasacht cumusca ann co firinneach ach an gluasacht sin & ge ta gac en corp do na ceithre corpaibh duilita cumusca as da cail, nemcumusca iat ac fecain na corp cumuscter asta. Et as amlaid ata an gluasacht timcill, ar son a beth nadurtha dho na gluasacht fhoirfi, gan tosac gan deridh aigi, gan a sibal da beith cum comhnaighi na cum impoidh tar ais; & ni mar sin dan gluasacht direc noch gluaises d'uairib ann co h-ainneonac na cir, oir In trat bis duil egin dan taibh amuith da h-inadh nadurtha fein gluaisidh co h-obann tar a h-ais d'innsaidhi a h-inaidh fein aris & anaidh co nadurtha annsin & Is ime sin bis tosac & deiridh ag an gluasacht sin. Agus Is red nemfoirfi In raed ag a m-bi tosac & deridh & Is mar sin as gluasacht neamhfoirfi an gluasacht direc. Et mar as tusca & as mo & Is buaine & Is uaisli gach ni foirfi na gac ni nemhfoirfi & Is mar sin teit an gluasacht timcill isna ceiminnaib cedna tar In n-gluasacht n-direc.
Tuilledh da derbadh an raeda cedna. Aderaid na feallsamain an gluasacht bhis co h-ainneonac do ni, bid se co nadurtha dan ni eli, mar ata dul suas na teinedh & na talman no dul sis na deise cedna. Et mar as aicideach gac ni aindeonac & mar as sustaint gac ni deonac nadurtha & mar as contrardha In t-aicid & In t-sustaint da celi, Is mar sin Is contrardha an gluasacht ainneonac & In gluasacht nadurtha da ceili. Et ni h-ed amhain ach In ni ata tis & tuas, deas & cle, roimhe & 'na dedaidh, atait contrardha da ceili. Et mar as uaisli gach ni ac na bi contrardacht na an i ag a m-bi as mar sin as uaisli an gluasacht timcill ac nac fuil contrardacht na gac gluasacht eli da n-dobart.
Tuilledh eli da derbadh an neic cedna; gach uili ni gluaises co nadurtha da gluasacht direc, fedtar a gluasacht co h-ainneonac & a n-agaid naduir & ni mar sin don gluasacht timcill, oir an cursa cruinn timcill da h-ordaidedh dho a tus an domuin da bi & ata & bias co nemmellta, gan cor da taib da na taebaib, 'ga congmail sin tri bithu sir. Ma sedh Is follus gorab tusca buaine an gluasacht timcill na'n gluasacht eli.
Et ce ta an gluasacht air leth a gac rotha do rothaib na firmaminti, Is le celi gluaisid uili gan contraracht, oir da m-beth contraracht Is In firmamint mar ata Is na corpaib duilita, gac ni oibriges si innta sin daghenadh a macasamhla isin firmamint & mar sin an corp u treisi sin firmamint, da claechlochad se a na naduir fein an corp budh anmaine & mar sin dacitfimis na plaineid & na h-airdrinnaidh & na retlanna eli uair budh mho & budh ludha iat na ceili. Ni faicter so anois & ni facas & ni faicfer caithi. Ma sedh Is follus a ni as a tuicfidi na claechligti sin .i. an contraracht Is In firmamint.
Et as amlaid ata an corp mor seimh daingin Is In firmamint 'na cercaill cruinn mar samail liatroidi a timcill a seantruim fein & a ponc a puinc medonaidh ag anmain a n-en inadh co brac & a cumscugad da sir & Is derb gorab comtrom an gluasacht sin o nac derna en comnide da laided riamh & nac gluaisinn uair Is luaithi na's maille na celi. Agus Is mar sin atait secht cercaill na secht plained .i. Luna, Mercuir, Venir, Sol, Mars, Ioip, Saturnus & cercall na n-airdrinnach ndogluasti & cercall an da comarta deg mar ata cercall re n-dubrumar an firmamint. Et as mar sin da badar na deich cercaill so on uair da crutaig Dia iat & Is amlaid beit co brac an comfad as ail leisin a m-beth amlaid.
Et aderaid na h-aineolaidh co fuilit primcaili na n-dul & caili na nethidh cumasca astu isin da comartha deg & Is na plainedaib & aderaid co fuil Airges, & Leo & Saigitairius te tirim da rer naduir na teinead & Taurus, Uirgo, Capricornus fuar tirim do rer naduir na talman; Gemin, Libra, Acarius te, fliuch do rer naduir an aeir; Cannsir, Scoirpio, Pisis fuar fliuch da rer naduir an uisci. Et aderaid co fuil cuit do na comartaib sin sogluaisti & cuid daingin dogluaisti & cuid nemneachtardha. Et aderaid co fuil cuid aca feramail & cuid mnaamail & cuid solus & cuit dorcha. Agus adeiraid co fuil cuit maith do na plainedaib & cuit olc & go fuil blodh dib co soirb imcubaid da dainib maithi & blodh co doirb cle donaidhi da drochdainib. Et aderaid aris muna bedh an grian 'na sustaint fein te ni dingnad si na gnimarta teasbaid dacimid Is na neicibh talmanda, oir Is cert inann gnimhartha dani isna neithibh talmanda & dani an tene, noc ata te 'na sustaint fein .i. losgadh & tirmud & dubadh.
Et aderaid aris muna beth an re fliuch ann fein nac oibreocad fliche Is na neicib talmanda. Et adermid-ni 'na agaid sin gorab secranach ealadhan an baramail sin & gorab breg hi & aderim nac fuilit comartada na firmaminti fliuch na te na fuar na tirim na maith na saith, gidhedh as as a ceangal fein re celi & as a sibal oibrigid siat na caili sin gin co fuilid innta fein isna netib talmanda, oir Is a h-en t-sustaint & a h-en adhbhur da rinneadh iat uili & foillseochamaid so nis grinne na mar so 'na deadhaidh so.
Sciendum est etcetera.
.i. As follus nach as a blasannaib na as a m-blathaib athainter naduiri na corp nadurtha, oir da madh as a n-dathannaib da h-athontaidh iat da bedh en naduir ag na corpaibh geala uile & gach uili ni da madh inann dath no blas as den naduir da beidis, oir dachiamaid gorab en dath ata ag an t-snechta & ac puisdian & ac an caisi ur gidedh as naduir ar leith ata a gac ni dibh. Et dacimit aris, ge tic apium & alues le cele da rer a serui, ni h-inann naduir doib oir ata ni acu te & ni ele fuar & Is mar sin adermid don bolad. Ma sedh ni as a n-dathannaib na as a m-blasanaibh na as a m-bolladaib na as a n-glaccad atainter naduir na corp nadurtha ach as a n-inadaib & as a n-gluasachtaib .Et aderaid na h-aineolaidh go claechligter an firmamint na rannaib no innti fein uili re h-aimsir fada, gin co fuil an claechlod sin co follus duinne mar dacimid an t-or & an t-iarann & an corp & iacingctis & moran do clocaib uaisli ele, da dergadh re n-arsud & re faidi a n-aimsiri, a meid & a n-datanna & a m-blas & a m-balad da claechlod doib le fad a n-aimsiri gin co follus duinni an claechlod sin ca denamh tri rofad na h-aimsiri ana n-dentar e.
Adeirmid-ne riusan ac fregra doib co n-gabann cac uili ni ata fan escu a speir na ceithre dula claechlod cuige; & atait da gne ac an claechlod sin .i. claechlod uili & claechlod rann & Is a timcill fasta & truailligti atait an da claechlodh sin & Is folluse an claechlod uili na'n claechlod rann. Et gach uili corp claechligter ann Is na cainndigecht no na cailidecht bis an claechlodh sin & as iat gnimharta an cuirp foillsiges an claechlod sin duinne; oir an tan daniter slan don corp easlan & easlan don corp slan as iat gnimartha an cuirp sin follsiges an claechlod sin duinne. Et mar sin an trat doni edrom don corp trom, as iat gnimartha an cuirp cedna foillsiges an claechlod sin duine .Et mar sin an trat doniter luath don corp amhluath no amluath don corp luath, as e luas no amluas an cuirp sin foillsiges an gluasacht sin duinne.
As mar sin, da medaithi no da laigdithi an firmamint, d'foillseochadh a gnimharta an claechlod sin duinn. Oir In trat do medocaidh & da fairsingeochtai hi & do cuirfithi na h-airdrinnaidh ni budh faidi uainn na mar atait siat, as lugha an cainndigecht dacithfimis acu sin annsin na mar dacimit anois .Agus ata moran acu dacimid anois nach foicfimis fon taca sin,
& mar sin an trat da cumhgochaidhi a timceall na talman, da badh aibsidhi linn cainndigecht na n-airdrinnach fon taca sin na anois & dacithfimis annsin moran da retlannaib nach facamar roimhe. Ma sedh o nach facaid neach riamh na claechligthe sin isin firmamint, oir da faicedh dagebtai scribtha e, as dearb & as deimin nach medaigter & nac laidhditer & nach cumgaigter & nac fairsingigter an firmamint.
Et mar sin da claenadh an firmamint da leth deis no da leth cle no roime no 'na diaid no da n-decadh sis no suas as In inad ana fuil da badh egin co n-atrocadh an seantrom le .i., an talam, gidedh ni fedann an talam a inadh fein d'facbail oir ni fuil aici inadh a racadh, oir gach inadh an a timceall, ata lan do corpaib eli & o nac fedann da corp beit ar aen t-slidhi a n-en inadh, ni fedann an talam a h-inad fein d'fagail da dul fare corp eli & Is mar sin Is egin don firmamint beith 'na sir comhnaidhe co dogluaisti doclaechlighti a timcill na talman tri bithu sir. Et da n-abartaidh gorab o anmainne no o dombisec a cuirp da tigemad claechlod na firmaminti, mar anmainnigter corp an duine on eslaini, as mar sin da h-anmainneoctaig gluasacht na firmaminti mar daniter sibal an duine eslain & Is mar sin da claechlodfaidis na h-uaire & na h-aimsera, ni nach tarrla ann riamh, oir Is en cursa da bi acu riamh & aniudh & bias co brach. Ma sedh o nac claechligter sustaint na cainndighecht na cailidheacht na inadh na gluasacht na aimser na firmaminti, na eirghi na dul fai na folach na foillsiugad airdrinnac & nac dernadh riam & nac dinnginter co brach, Is egin gurub en modh daingin doscailti da bhi aice & ata & bias an comfad bus ail les In te da crutaigh hi & gorab naduir ele ata aici a naduir na ceithre dula.
Qui perfecte circulos liniasque etcetera.
Gibe neach da ticfad co foirfi cercalla & linedha & puinc na firmaminti da thicfad gan cunntabart naduir na firmaminti co h-uili, & Is amlaid Is coir a ticsin, a h-imaidh & cruth mar ata si innte fein da smuaintiugad & da cuma ad resun & at intinn co grinn dan taib astigh. Et as amlaid ata suigiugad ced cercaille na firmaminti, on ponc oircercach conuic an ponc medonac uachtarach as cinn talman & as sin co roith an ponc iartharach & as sin co nuic an ponc medonac ichtarach fo talamh & as sin aris conuic an ponc oircearrach or tinnscain si ar tus & as e ainm na cercailli sin .i. orientalis & occidentalis .i. an cercaill oirrcerac no an cercall iartarach & ainm eli daberar uirre .i. cercall an line diridh, oir In trat teit an grian sa line n-direc sin, bith la & aithi comtrom a cricaibh an domain uili. Agus Is ann suigiter an dara cercall, o ponc poil Airtic co ponc uachtairaid na firmaminti & as sin co ponc poil Antartic & as sin co ponc medon ichtair na firmaminti fa thalmain & as sin co ponc poil Artic as ar tinnscainn roimhe. Et ataid tri h-anmanna ele daberid na feallsamain ar In cercall so .i. Septrintrionalis, Auustralis & Meridionalis .i. an cercall tuaiscertac non cercall deiscertac no cercall an medon lae. Et as e suidiugadh an tres cercaill, o ponc oirrcerach na firmaminti co ponc poil Antairtic & as sin co ponc iartair na firmaminti & as sin co ponc poil Artic & as sin co ponc oirrcir na firmaminti. Et Is e as ainm don cercall so, circalus termenorum no circalus signorum .i. cercall na termine no cercall na comartadh.
Et Is e so suigiugad an ced line da tri linadhaib na firmaminti o ponc oircerach na firmaminte tri ponc medhonach na talman co ponc iartarach na firmaminti. An dara line o ponc mhedon uachtair na firmaminti as cinn na talman tri ponc mhedonac na talman co ponc medon ichtair na firmaminti fo talmain .An treas line o pol Airtic tri ponc medonac na talman co ponc poil Intartic.
Et Is iat so secht puinc na firmaminti, a se dib isna se h-inadhaibh a tiagait na tri cercalla adubrumar tar a ceili & a na fuilit se cinn na tri linadh adubrumar. Et an seachtmad ponc .i. seantrom na talman noch ala 'na sentrom ag an doman uili.
Ee Is e inadh a na fuil an ced ponc dib sin, a n-oirrcer na firmaminti isin inadh a teit circalus terminorum & circalus orientalis no occidentalis tar a ceili. An dara ponc a medon uachtair na firmaminti as cinn talman insan inad a tet circalus orientalis no occidentalis & circalus Septrimtrionalis no Australis tar a ceili. An treas ponc a n-iartar na firmaminti isin inadh a teit circalus orientalis no occidentalis & circalus terminorum tar a ceili. An ceathramad ponc a medon ichtar na firmaminti fai talmain as In inadh a teit circalus Septremtrionalis no Australis no circulus orientalis no occidentalis tar a ceili. An cuigmed ponc a tuaiscert na firmaminti Is In inadh a teit circalus septremtrionalis no Australis & circalus terminorum tar a celi. An seiseadh ponc, a n-deiscert na firmaminti isin inadh a teit circalus terminorum & circalus septremtrionalis no Australis tar a celi. An sechtmad ponc mar adubrumar seantrom na talman noch ata 'na seantrom ag an doman uili a na tiagait na tri linadha adubrumar trit a ceili & Is e sin suighiugad & tuarascbail na tri cercall & na tri linadh & na secht ponc, noc adubrumar tuas. Gibe neach da ticfad iat co forfi co tuicfead se naduir na firmaminti uili.
Dexamlacht ergi & dul fai na greine a moran da cricaib.
Sol prius Babilone quam Egifto etcetera.
As tusca eirghes an grian don Uaibileoin na don Eghift & don Egift na don v-Frainc. Et mar sin as tusca teit si fai don Babileoin na don Eigift & Is tusca don Eighift na don v-Frainc. Et da cur so a ceill co follus, cuirfad na tri cricha so mar eisimplair ar eirgi & dol fai na greine da cricaib ele an domain a fidair iomitrice, acht as ed Is ail lium beth sbas se n-uaire d'aimsir idir an m-Baibileoin & In Eigift & atorra sin aris & In Frainc & mar sin idir na cricaib eli & da gen da eisi sin cercall cruinn a n-imdenam na talman & cercall as mo na sin dan taib amuith de amail cercall na greine & cuirfed a n-inadh na Bauileoine A litir & a n-inadh na h-Eighifti B & a n-inad na h-Afraici C & scribocad a n-eirghi greine na Baibileoine D & 'na medon lae E & a n-dul fai na greine F & mar sin a n-eirghi greini na h-Eigifti B & 'na medon lae F & a n-dul fai na greine G & mar sin aris a n-eirghe greine na h-Afraice F & 'na medon lae G & a n-dul fai na greine D.
Et mar sin aderim an trat eirghes grian a ponc D foillsigter da lucht na Baibileoine i & folaiter ar luct na h-Eigifti no co tic si co ponc E noc ata 'na medon lae sa Baibileoin & 'na eirgi greine ac an Eighift & 'na medon aithi ac an Afric, oir as annsin eirges an grian do na h-Egiftecaib & gidedh ni follus da lucht na h-Africi i no co soitinn si ponc F noc ata 'na deredh lae annsa Baibileoin & 'na medon lae ag an Eigift & 'na eirgi greine ac an Afric, oir Is annsin tinnscnus la do h-Africeacaib & 'na deredh lae ac na h-Eigifticaibh & 'na medon aithi ac an Baibileoncaib. Dacit na h-Africid hi no co soitinn si ponc D noc ata 'na deredh lae acu & 'na medon aiti ag an Eighift & 'na tosac lae ac an Baibileoin, & Is mar sin Is a n-en ponc ata tosac lae na Baibileoine & medon aithi na h-Eighifti & dered lae na h-Africe. Et a n-en ponc eli ata tosac lae na h-Eighifti & medon lae na Baibileoine & medon aiti na h-Africi. Et mar sin as a n-en ponc ata tosach lae na h-Afraici & medon lae na h-Eigifti & deredh lae na Baibileoine. Et mar sin aris as a n-en ponc ata medon lae na h-Afraici & deredh lae na Eighifti & medon aithi na Baibileoine.
Et mar sin da rer ordaithe De, an trat eirgis grian da cric egin isin doman, teit fa da cric eli & Is e cruinne na talman doni an examlacht sin da dhul fai & d'eirghi na greine annsa doman.
Et as i so this an fidair da geallamar thuas da denamh. Do med na greini.
Raciones geometrice etcetera.
.i. Derbaid resuin iomitrici Tolimeus astrolaic med na greine. Et adeir gorab egin cainndigacht na greine da beth comtrom no nis luda no nis mo re cainndigacht na talman; & da madh comtrom da beit grian & talam, da rachadh scail na talman .i. an aitchi, coimhletan risin talmain fein amac co speir na n-airdrinnach n-daingin & da mucfad si iat. Et da tigemad eclipsis .i. easbaidh soluis don re, gac en mi trit an m-bliadain amach, oir da boinfedh cainndigecht na talman noc de beth co mor re cainndigecht cuirp na greine solus na greine don re & do na h-airdrinnacaib & mar sin ni beit gealach co brac ann ac dorcadus siraidhi o tosach na haiti conuic a deredh. Ma sedh o bis an gealac ann & daciter na h-airdrinnaich co solus Is In aithi, tuicter as so nac comtrom an grian & In talam re ceili.
Agus da chur a cell co follus daghen fidhair tri cercaill a timcill a celi .i. an cercall leitimillech amail cercall na n-airdrinnac n-daingin, & an cercall medonac mar cercall na greine, & an cercall as lugha mar cercall an re & an talam ar a lar & In grian fon talmain this 'na speir fein, coimlethan ris an talmain & scaile na talmain ar comair na greine don taeb eli don talman, coimlethan ris an talmain, ac dul amach co speir na n-airdrinnach co direach.
cainnditatis Si autem sol minoris esset etcetera.
.i. Da madh lugha cainndigecht na greine na na talman, gac uili ni do ceadaithe dofulaingi adubrumar & tuilled leo, da tegemaddais ann, oir da bet scaile na talman ac sir fas ar meid & ar lethead on talmain amach co speir na n-airdrinnach & da dhorcochadh se an cuid budh mho acu & da tegemad eclipsis do na plainedaibh Is gac en mi & da bedh eclipsis an re, mar adubrumar, ar bun re fedh na h-aithi co maidin .Ma sedh o nac facamar an í so riamh & o nac cualamar & o nac fuaramar scriobtha as egin nac lugha cainndigecht na greine na caindigecht na talman. Et foillsigidh an fidair so tis an radh so adermaid.
Nissisario idhitur fadentum est.
Is egin a admhail gorab mo caindigecht na greine na na talman & nach ted sgali na talman tar speir Mercuir suas chaithi & Is ar cuma speiri ata sgaili na talman .i. an chuid lethan risin talman & se ag dul a n-giri tar es a chele no go taire becan don taibh thuas do speir an re. Et Is e In sgaili cedna dorcaidhes an re do rer mar beris se air, oir an trath bis an re a n-desgeart no a tuaisgeart an sgaili, an chuid ar a m-bi se don re dorcaigid se e & an trath beris se ar a leth dorchaigid se uile e. Et gidhed ata a fis againne & fuaramar sgribtha nac soitheann an sgaili sin na talman na h-airdrennaidh na en plained do na plainedaibh ach an re amhain, noc ata na comursain ag an talmain & Is ime sin bid na plaineid uili a n-egmuis an re & na hairdrennaidh tri bithu sir solus on grein & Is as sin derbas gorab mo an grian na an talam da mhoran mar foillsighes an fidair so this.
Luna nicel luminis abet nisi etcetera.
Ni fuil en red solus isin re acht mar ghabus on grein & as amlaid ataid ar aen comtrom mar samail liathroidi cruindi, oir da madh na claraibh lethna do bedis, amail adobradar na h-aineolaigh, an trath do bedis a n-oirrcer no a n-iarrtar na firmaminti ni faicfithi dibh acht a m-buird & gidhedh docithfithi iad uili a mullach na firmaminti. Ma sed o nach folluse dociter cruinn iat a mullach na firmaminti na an gach inadh eli acu sin tuicter gorab cruinn ataid fein & nach lethan. Et an cuid cruind ut dacimid a gac aen dib ni fuil ann acht emisperium .i. letspeir & an let eli gan fhaicsin. As mar sin Is follus gorab corp cruinn ata ag an grein & ac an esca & ac na plainedaibh & ac na h-airdrinnachaibh uile, oir gebe taeb da faicter iat as cruinn daciter iat.
Et mar adubramar, ni fuil solus on a naduir fein ag an re & as amlaid ata dorcha slighaithe amail iarann iar na glanadh, & In med da solus bhis aigi as on grein gabus & as i a speir an speir Is foicsi don talmain idir na corpaibh nemdha & speir na greine an ceathramad os a cinn. Agus gidh fada o ceili iat an trat bis an re fai an grein co direc an en ceim re, Is annsin soillsiges si an leth uachtarach don re & bigh an let laimh rinne dorca & as annsin as lan re dorca againne. Et as ime sin nach faicmid isin aimsir sin en red don re.
Et an trath fagas an re an ceim direc sin a m-bi se fon n-grein & snaidhes tar eis a ceile uaite sair snamaidh an solus mar sin deis a ceili siar.
An solus ghabhus an cuid uachtarach de on grein soillsigid an bord ictarach de & Is annsin bis an re ar a primh .i. ar a ced solus laimh rinne, oir as i sin ced cuairt dacimid e & gach faidi da cumscaidinn sair on grein as moidi timceallas solus na codac thuas de anuas & gac fad sair teit on grein as moidi biseac a soluis tiar & doni bisec a dhorchadais toir co nuigh a ceithre deg, oir Is annsin as rofaidi on grein e & bis co direc ar a comair don taib eli don talmain & Is annsin bis an t-emisperium as foicsi dan talmain dhe solus uili & In t-emesperium uachtarach dorcha uili. Et mar sin ni bi chaithi gan a leth dorcha & a leth solas gibe slige a n-gabann.
Et an trat claenas an re o diameiter na greine siar .i. on line direc a m-binn don taib ele don talmain ar comair na greine, impoid solus an re laimh rinne suas tar eis a ceili & In med soillsigter don bord ichtarach ar a primh as i an med sin dorcaidter don cuid soir de ar a guin. Et mar sin an med soillsigter de gach n-en aithi co ceann a ceithre deg as i In medi sin dorcaidter dhe gach n-en aithi co deredh a mis no co m-bi co direach fon grein a n-en ceim ria, aturra & In talam, & Is annsin bis an let bis rinne don re dorcha & an leth suas solus & da cur so a ceill co follus dagen fidair annso this a cuireab an grian fo let taeb na talman don taebh tiar & In re da ceim deg becan os cinn na talman uaithi sair & scribocad dorca uili e ac an bord iartarach Is foicse don grein de, noch foiltsiges e da beth ar a prim.
Dagen aris fidhair eli a cuireabh an re a mullac a speiri fein a cinn an sechtmad la don mhi & a leth solus & a let dorcha & cuirfed an grian fo leth taib na talman don taib tiar.
Dagen aris an treas fidair a cuireabh 11 an re toir co direac & a let uachtarach dorcha & a leth ichtarach, ata ar comair na greine & na talman, solus. Et cuirfad an grian an uair sin tar eis dul fai di fo let taib na talman &rl. Et ac so thall an fidair fein. Daden aris an ceathramad fidair & scribochad an leth Is foicsi don talmain don re solus & an leth eli dorca amail bis an re annsa deichmad la don mhi & cuirfed e mar sin thoir co direc & an grian a medon ichtair na talman co direac.
Daden da eise sin an cuigeadh fidair a cuireab an re a mullach a cercaille fein a n-en ceim risin n-grein & scribocad an leath suas solus de & an leth anuas dorcha. Et ac so an fidhair don taib amuith don leth ele.
Da cuis eclipsis an re.
Postquam argumentis etcetera.
.i. Tar eis a derbtha duinn d'arrmainntibh egintaca & d'fidracaib geomitreachta gorab on grein soillsigter an re & na h-airdrinnacidh uili, foillseocamaid anois cad o tic dorcadus nadurtha ar In re re n-abarthar eclipsis. Agus adermaid d'innsaidhi an adbhur sin, os on n-grein gabus an re a solus & nac fuil ni ele ann da boinfed an solus sin de ac an talman, gorab e scaili na talman, bis co direc idir an grein & In re, tet a dimcill an re & benas solus na greine dhe & Is e an dorcugad sin an re o scaile na talman Is eclipsis ann. Agus teagmaidh se co nemmeallta an gach en mi caithi oir gac uair tecmas an re do ceann no derball na Dreaguine, curtar annsa line n-direc e ar cert comair na greine & na talman & tollaidh se co cert scaili na talman & dorchaidter uili e. Et an trath gluaisis an re da deiscert no do tuaiscert an scaili sin, seachnaidh se an t-eclipsis uile & gibe taeb dib sin a m-baininn se ris an scaili sin, an med bis fai an scaili de, as i an meidi sin bhis d'eclipsis eir sin.
Agus Is ime sin ata da gne d'eclipsis ann .i. eclipsis uneuersalis .i. eclipsis coitcinn & eclipsis particularis .i. eclipsis rannaighi. Agus Is uime sin nach inann aimser a tinnscnann se a n-gach en inadh & nach inann cainndighacht do an gac inadh oir ni h-inann med do toir & tiar & ni mo Is inand a n-deiscert an domain na 'na tuaiscert. As uime sin, ni h-inann dacit na daine e a cricaib an domuin. Agus an buidhin ar a n-eirginn la, ni facid siat e ge dobedh se san uair sin ann do rer naduir. Et 'na diaigh so aderam d'eclipsis na greine 'na inadh fein.
Eclipsis na plained ele. As plained acu fein as cuis d'eclipsis na plained ele, oir Is e an plained as isli dorchaides an plained Is airdi. Et ar In nos cedna, as e an re dorcaidhes iat uili uair ele fa sec .Da cur a n-dobart a cell ar eclipsis nis mo dogen fidair gheomitric annso tis as a ticfither an t-eclipsis co follus.
Manifestum est etcetera.
.i. As follus mar adubramar solus na n-airdrinnach uili da teacht on grein & a m-beit comcruinn mar liatroid amail ata grian & esca & Is i cuis um nac follus a cruinne mar as follus cruinne na deise ele sin .i. a m-beit uili don taib thuas don grein a fad uainn a n-egmus Uenir & Mercuir. Agus soillsigter leath gach en retlainne ata don taib thuas don grein uaithi fein, gibe inadh a m-bid na retlanna sin na cercaill fein .i. mas a n-en ceim re grein na mas a fad uaithe no mas a fogus di no roimpi no 'na diaigh, as uaithe sin gabaid uili solus. Et gach uair bis ceachtar do na tri plainedaib ata os cinn na greine ar a comair co direac as ann as aibsidhi a solus ar comair na talman ar da cuisib. An ced cuis acu an duine bis a n-dorcadus, as aibsidhidi leis an solus daci se don taib amuit don dorcadus na leisin duine bis annsa solus fein & Is uime sin, an duine bis a scaili tiudh dorcha na talman annsan aithi, ag fecain uadha na plained bis ar comair na greine co direc, Is aibseach leis an solus tre mhed an dorcadais bis 'na thimceall fein. Cuis ele, an tan curtar ceachtar do na plainedaib co direc ar comair na greine Is egin di impod na cercaill fein tar a h-ais & Is aibhsididi a solus an t-impodh sin oir Is foicsidi da talmain hi & ni tecmann so co brac Is na plainedaibh bis don taibh tuas don grein.
Agus na plaineda ata fai grein .i. Mercuir & Uenir, ni roitit siat co brach ar comair na greine & ni roitit an en cuil do na ceithre cuilib & ni hedh bid ac laim ria co brat, roimpi no 'na diaigh & gach foicsi bid don grein as lugaide a solus, & gach fad uaithi bid as moidi a solus.
Solus uero na plained teit ar comair na greine, bit ac fas caithi tar eis a ceili conuic an inadh tar nac fedaid dul & inab egin doib impodh d'innsaighi na greine aris & as annsan impoidh sin bith a sholus san ar dombisec no co m-bit siat ar en ceim risin grein fuithe & annsin bith an leth as foicsi don grein dibh solus & In leth ele dorcha, mar adubrumar don re, an trat bis a n-en ceim re grein, oir ni faicter e co brac acht an tan bis da ceim deg a neach as luda da taib egin don grein .i. ar a prim no ar a firderedh.
Agus Is e an modh cedna ata ac na plainedaib sin oir an trath bid siad toir da ceim deg roim In grein ag impod cum na greine no an trat bid da ceim deg don taibh thiar don grein ar sibhal, dacitar adharcach iat ar cuma an re nua; & an trat tiaghait on grein mar nac fedaid dul nis faidi, bith a lan solus acu. Gidedh ni follus an claechlod sin duinne mar as edh claechlod sholus an re oir Is faidi da moran uainn iad na an re & as uime sin an trat Is mor a solus as bec a toirt ar a fad uainn. Et an tran Is foicsi bid don talamh daciter an lasair eirghes dib uair fada & uair gerr & uair ceithreuilinnach da rer chuma a cirp. Et an uair Is faidi bid o talmain ni mar sin daciter an lasair cedna acht comcruinn, mar bis an tene a fad uait, gibe cuma bis ar In lasair innte fein, cael no fada no letan no gerr & ni mar sin daciter hi a fad uait ach comcruinn.
Et ac so this an fidair inneosas co follus cinnus soillsiges an grian na h-airdrinnaidh uili a n-egmus na plained, & foillsigid ciall na fidrach so nac fuil inadh Is In doman gan beth deallraigteach solus on grein.
Daghen aris an dara fidhair da foillsiugad cinnus th-soillsighter Uenir & Mercuir noch ata fai grein uaithe & cinnus tiaghaid siat ar en ceim re grein mar as foicse fedaid dul di.
Daghen aris an treas fidhair andso da chur a ceill nis mho na mar so mar shoillsithter Uenir & Mercuir o grein & cuirfead iat an oirrcir a cercaille as cinn na talmhan innus nac fedaid dul nis faidi on grein na mar bid mochrach roimpi.
Dagen anois an cethramad fidair da foillsiugad nis mho cinnus gabhaid a solus & cuirfead iat dan leith thiar dan speir os cinn na talmhan isin fhad as mo fedaid dul on grein .i. isin inadh a m-bid a leanmhain a n-uair easparta.
quasam Dico quod Luna Soli eclipsis etcetera.
.i. Aderim gorab e an re as cuis d'eclipsis na greine oir as i a speir speir as ichtaraighe sis do na speirib nemda & as si speir na greine an cethramad speir don taib tuas de sin & mar sin gach sibal dani as fai grein bhis. Et an uair tecmas se a cinn no a n-earball na Dreaguine a n-en ceim co direach ris In n-grein gan claenad da deiscert na da tuaiscert, boinid solus na greine dinne & Is e an dorcadus sin as eclipsis ann. An trat cheana claenas da let deis no cli & nac sibhlaiginn co direch a ceann no a n-earball na Dreaguine fa grein a n-en ceim re secnaidh annsin eclipsis da tuismeadh. Et as e corp an re an docardus so daciter sa grein an uair eclipsis do beith ann, ma sedh as follus nac tic eclipsis ann co brach acht an trat bis an re fon grein co direach a n-en ceim re & Is annsa leth tiar da grein tinnscnas se co brac & thoir crichnaiges. Et an trat siblaighes an re dan taibh amuith dan ceim direach sin na greine dorcaidh, uair ann, cuid don grein orainn. Et as ime sin atait da ghne ag eclipsis na greine mar ata ac eclipsis an re .i. eclipsis uili & eclipsis rannaighi.
Et da rer examlacht na crich bit an t-eclipsis co h-egsamail inntu, oir an trat bis eclipsis ann ni comtrom daciter e an gach cric oir ata cric a faicter e & cric nach faicter & crich a faicter nis mo & cric a faicter nis lugha amail ata so; .i. da m-bedh an grian Is an line direach os ar cinn an airdi & an re Is In line cedna fuithi da badh egin eclipsis ann duinne. Et da m-bedh neach Is an uair cedna a n-oirrcer an domuin & e ac fecain na greine, dacitfedh, dar leis, hi an iartar an domain. Et da m-bedh nec ele isin uair cedna a n-iartar an domain ac fecain na greine, dacithfedh se, dar leis, hi a n-oirrcer In domain; gihedh ni faicinn ceachtar acu eclipsis na greine, oir da rachadh radharc gac neac acu co direc idir an grein & In re & mar sin ni boinfedh an re, ge da bedh se isin line direc fa grein ar a fad san on line sin na en corp dorcha, solus na greine dib. Et an pinnsi a n-dorcaiter an grian mar sin daciter innti sa lo na h-airdrinnaig le med an dorcadais.
Et as girra beris as eclipsis na greine na eclipsis an re le na luas ar aen ac dul tar a ceili & ni mar sin ata eclipsis an re noch thic on talmain, ni bhi 'ga chur as ach sibal an re 'na aenur & In talam 'na comhnaighe.
Et gibe neach da ticfadh In ar n-agaid annso & aderadh na budh e an re bud cuis d'eclipsis na greine & da mud e mar adubrumar, na budh chora do san eclipsis da dhenamh na da Uenir & da Mercuir an trat bid sa line direc fai grein. Et as do sin freagramaid, oir an trat bis Uenir & Mercuir fai grein a n-en ceim re as ar fad bis, gidedh as annsin teit uaithe a meid & a letead & Is minic theagmas an i cedna don re oir bi fai grein co minic a n-en ceim ria ar fad & gidhed bith a fad uaithe ar lethed.
Amail nach tic eclipsis na greine o na retlannaib as ludha corp na'n re & Is foicsi dhi, oir an trat curtar corp bec fa corp mhor a fogus do, gach foicsi da m-bi do as lughaidi fhoilghis de, & trat curtar a fad on corp mor e & a fogus don radharc bis ac a fecain araen, gach fad doteit on corp mor & gach foicsi dateit don radharc, Is moidi foilghes an corp mor, innas gorab mar sin co foileocadh uball fiadain corp na greine ar In radarc.
Et da cur so a ceill dagen fidair annso tis a n-dingean
cercall mor amail cercall na greine & cuirfed an grian na 'mullach tuas & dagen cercall ele don leth istigh di sin amail cercall an re & cuirfed an re fein 'na mullach thuas annsa line direc fa grein & dagen an tres cercall don taibh astigh di sin ar cuma na talman & cuirfed E litir 'na seantrom & saimeolad e risin inadh sa talmain as a faicid na daine an grian & cuirfed A a n-oirrcer & cuirfed B a n-iartar speiri na greine & cuirfed radarc na n-daine Is In line direch o E & o A & o B cum na greine. Ma sedh na daine ata a n-E dacit siat eclipsis na greine co follus. Et an buiden cedna ata a n-A & a m-B, dacit co follus an grian gan eclipsis, oir ata an re robec a fecain na greine .Ni folaidinn an grian orta & Is uime sin ar a fad san on grein teit a radarc co h-urusa don taib thuas don re d'innsaighi na greine.
Luna non uidetur priusquam etcetera.
.i. Ni faicter an re co brach no co m-binn se da ceim deg on grein oir ni liginn treisi t-soillsi na greine duinn a faicsin & binn se da ceim deg on grein an tan foillsiter e laca rinne ar tosac & Is annsin bis ar a primh .i. ar a ced solus, & teit an grian fai da lucht oirrcir an domain ar m-beth don re ar aen ceim deg uaithi, sul daciter e, an trat bis si ac soillsiugad da lucht iartair an domain co follus ar m-beth dan re ar da ceim deg no nis mo on grein. Et mar sin as tusca da cit lucht iartair an domain an re na lucht oirrcir den la amhain. Et mar sin an trat bis an re da ceim deg no tri deg no becan nis mo on grein as bec an cainndighacht
a faicter e. Et an trat bis o ocht ceiminna deg co tri ceiminnaib fichet on grein as annsin as mo a cainndighacht.
Degsamlacht soluis an re & na n-airdrinnach. A n-egsamlacht. Dico qud Luna ac sidera etcetera.
.i. Aderim co faicter an re & na h-airdreannaidh a n-en uair & a n-en aimsir co solus a crit & co dorca a crith ele. Lucht na crite dachi iat co solus, as e dabeir orca a faicsin .i. an aitchi da leth dibh annsan aimsir cedna. An la baines da lucht na crite ele gan a faicsin & ni he cinta an lae dabeir sin acht anmainne radairc na n-dainedh .Et mar sin an cric an a foillsigter an grian, folaidter an re & na h-airdrinnaidh risin fad sin uirre, & an trat folaidter hi as i foillsiges iat san; & mar sin bis an tene & gach ni solus ele, ach ge fada uait iat san aite Is aibsec a solus & ge mad fogus duit sa lo iat as anaibsec a solus. Ma sedh ma sailter let na h-airdrinnaidh d'faicsin sa lo, imid mocrach no tratnona a poll dorcha domain & fec os da cinn & dacitfir iat a mullach na firmaminti os da cinn co follus et dacithfir iat an uair eclipsis na greine co follus.
Dagen anois cercall amail cercall na n-airdrinnach n-daingean ina cuireabh imdenamh morain do na h-airdrinnacaibh mora. Daghen speir ele don taib astigh di sin amail speir na greine, an a cuireb an grian fein & dagen dan taib astidh di sin speir ele amail speir an re In a cuirib an re fein a cinn an deichmad la fichet o thosach an mi .Et daghen In cethramad speir don taib istigh dib sin & scribocad hi 'na sentrom & A 'na h-oirrcer & B 'na h-uachtar & C 'na h-iartar & D 'na h-ictar; & na ceithre cercalla beca ata ar cercall na talman ceatra
catracha tuicter asta & ceatra litreca foillsiges na ceithre catracha sin E an catair oirrcerach & F an catair uachtarach & B an catair iartarach & H an cathair ichtarac & mar sin an trat teit an grian fai, fagaidh a solus cathair F & tic tosach na h-aithi cuci & annsin as medon aiti a cathair E & dacit lucht na cathrac ele an uair sin na h-airtrinnaidh lansolus & an re ag erghi thoir lethsolus; & an trat roites an re cathair H, bit a mullach na firmaminte an tan sin; & an trat eirghes an grian toir don cathair sin, ni fedaid lucht aitrebta na cathrac an re naid na h-airdrinnaidh a faicsin. Et an trat roithes grian os cinn catrac G bith a mullach a cercailli & Is annsin as medon lae ann & bith an re annsin sa let tiar don doman as cinn cathrac H & ni foillsigid na h-airdrinnaid a solus fein da lucht catrac G.
Constat quod quatuor spere lune etcetera.
.i. Ceatra cercailli innsit na h-eolaid da beit ag an re; an ced cercall acu re n-abur In speir mhor & le na roluas fein impoidh si le an re en cuairt ris In la co n-aithe a timcill an domhain & dabeir air eirgi thoir & dul fai thiar annsa chuairt sin.
Et muna gluaisidh an speir mhor so an re en cuairt o oirrcir co h-iartar an domain re la co n-aithi mar adobrumar dacitfi e gac n-en la & gach n-en aithi gan folach on taca da bedh se ar a prim thiar, ac dul sair tar eis a ceili no go m-bedh se fo deredh a medhon na mis toir an oirrcir an domain. Et ar n-dol fai annsin da bedh se ar na folach do lo & d'aithi no co n-eirgidh tiar ar a primh aris a tosac na mis ele. Ma sedh as e gluasacht na cercailli moiri noch adubrumar beres an re leis risan la co n-aithe o oirrcear co h-iartar an domain, gidedh as o iartar co h-oirrcer an domhain ata gluasacht direc an re fein & Is follus gorab ed, oir an trat bis an re ar a primh tiar dacimid e gach n-en aithe ag drut sair tar eis a celi no go m-bi a n-oirrcear an domain & as e so gluasacht as nadurtha & Is disli dho, oir as e so gluasacht na speiri a fuil se fein daingin, & In gluasact eli ut gluaises e o oirrcear co h-iartar an domain risin la co n-aithi, ni fuil acht gluasacht ainneonac minadurtha ann.
An dara speir ata ac an re darub comhainm speir cosmail re speir na comartad & an trat bis annsa speir so as follus e ac dul andsna comartaibh & astu, oir an trat teit d'innsaidhi na comartadh n-deiscertach as claenadh uata doni & gidedh ni facan cursad speiri na comartad co brac.
An treas speir ata ac an re re n-abur an speir sa sentrom ata let amuith da t-sentrom na talman & Is fogus cuid di son don talmain & as lan fada an cuid ele uaithe, & as ar In cuis sin bis In re annsa speir sin, uair a fogus don talmain & uair ele a fad uadha & Is o iarthar co h-oircer an domain ata gluasacht na speiri sin.
Et Is a corp na speiri sin ata speir bec eli darub ainm In speir impoides le anuas cum an re, & ata speir an re daingin dogluaisti annsa speir sin mar thairnge a clar. Et as gluaises an speir beac so annsa speir so 'na fuil an re daingin & an trat roites an re mullach na speiri sin adobrumar, luathaigid se a cursa. Et an trat bis an a ichtar, mallaidh se an cursa cedna & In trat mallaides dani raed egin impoid tar a ais siar mar da nit na plaineid eli & gidedh ni follus an t-impodh sin
mar as follus impodh na plained. Oir an speir sa seantrom ata don taib amuith da t-seantrom na talman tri na roluathi fein ag impodh an re leis, ni liginn an t-impod sin impodh an re tar a ais d'faicsin.
Et dagen anois fidair d'foillsiugad na ceithre speir sin.
Da cercallaib na greine.
Dico quod Seli bine spere etcetera.
.i. Aderim gorab da speir ata ag an grein. An ced speir acu da rer na speire lanmoiri gluaises siar & fuadaiges le o oirrcear co h-iartar an domain. Et muna thoirmisceadh sibal na speiri sin an grian da beth si re se mhi diles fein ac dul o iartar co h-oircear an domain os cinn talman gan folach. Et da beith an comfad ele sin ac dul o oircer an domain co h-iartar gan faicsin & mar sin da beth leth na bliadna na h-en la & In leth ele na aithe.
An dara speir ata ag an grein darub ainm an speir sa seantrom ata leth amuith da sheantrom na talman mar ata ag an re & o iartar co h-oirrcear an domain ata gluasacht na speiri sin & Is fogus an speir so & In grian innte le celi da taib don talmain & Is fada on taib ele. Et an trat bis an grian go focus don talmain annsa speir sin, loisgidh si deiscert na talman co mor co fuil an cric sin doaitribthe & In trat as faidi bhis o talmain annsa speir cedna ni roithinn a tes cum an talman & ata an mede sin da tuaiscert na talman doaitrebthi o imarcridh fuachta.
Dagen anois fidair da foillsiughadh mar atait an da cercall sin na greine na ceile.
D'ordugad na deich speireadh.
Sicud dicit Partolomeus.
.i. Mar adeir an feallsam sin da gne gluasachta dacimid Is In firmamint .i. gluasacht acu o oirrcear co h-iartar & In gluasacht eli o iartar co h-oirrcear an domain. Et tic grian & esca & gach plained don cuiger ele le cainndigeacht leitne a speiri fein annsa gluasacht sair. An gluasacht siar, uero, fuadaid se na plaineid leis siar so contrardha a n-agaid a n-gluasachta nadurtha fein noch ata soir. Et aderim aris gorab en gluasacht comtrom ata ac grein & ag esca & ag a cuigear eli & ac na h-airdrinnacaibh daingne uile, oir ni fuil acu uili leth ar leath en relta as luaithi na as mailli gluasacht na celi. Et Is ime sin ni fuil deitfir Is In doman idir gluasacht na greine no an re & gluasacht na retlann ele, oir Is deimin gorab inann naduir & cruthugad doib. Et ge daciter gorob maille Saturnus na'n re ar son na cuisi inneosamaid aris, 15 as comtrom a n-gluasacht.
Agus mar adeir Partholomeus & na feallsamain ele, deich speiri mora ata ann & Is inann gluasacht don speir as mo dib sin re n-abarthar an speir lanmor & do speir na comartad oir Is siar gluaisid araen.
Gluasacht an ocht speire uero .i. speir na n-airdrinnach n-daingin & na greine & an esca & cuigear ele o iartar co h-oirrcer an domain ata, amail adubrumar co minic, & don taibh astigh da ceili ata suidiugad na speir sin & Is i speir an re as faicsi don talmain dib & speir Mercuir annsein & Uenir & na greine don taibh amuith dib sin & speir Mars & speir Iubiter & Saduirn don taib amuit dib sin & speir na n-airdrinnach n-daingin don taib amuith dib sin. Agus ni h-ar son nach gluaisid siat aderur airdrinnaigh daingne riu, oir gluaisid o oirrcear co h-iartar an domain mar danit na plaineid ele, & ni hedh, acht ar son nach claenaid siat o tuaiscert co deiscert na firmaminte mar danit siat sin. Speir na comartadh an naomad speir .Agus don taibh amuith dib sin leth ar leth ata an deichmad speir darub ainm an speir lanmor no an speir direch d'ainm ele. Agus as so amuit fidair as a tuicter uile iad.
Adubart tuas gorab luaithi an re da rer fecsana na Sadurn. Da m-beith an re a cercaill Saduirn da beth se deich m-bliadna fichet ag sibal mar bis Sadurn. Et mar sin da siboladh Sadurn cercall an re, da m-beth ann re ocht la fichet & re secht seachtmaine ach en la mar do ni fein. Et as mar sin as e cumhga an rotha bis acu sin & fairsinge an rotha ele dabeir co faicter na plaineid ata innta luath no amhluath & ni he co fuil siat mar sin, oir as cert inann cursa & naduir, luas & amluas doib. Et da n-dearntaid tri fichit & tri ced cuit comtrom co seantrom na talman da speir Saduirn & crut cruinn da cur ar gac en cuid acu sin do bo comhtrom gac cuit acu re speir an re. Et da m-beth speir an re lethan & nai n-urdail deg & a da fichet & a tri ced urdail do chur na ceann fein & crut speiri da cur air sin uile, ni mo na mar sin da beth comtrom re speir Saduirn. Et as mar sin derbtar gorab e cumgacht & fairsinge cercall na planet dabeir sibal luath d'faicsin ac cuid acu & sibal amluath ac cuit ele gin co fuilit mar sin mar adubrumar co minic.
Et da scriob Tolomeus eisimplair
follus d'foillsiugad an da gluasacht adubrumar tuas, o oirrcear co h-iartar & o iartar co h-oirrcear en domain. Da ritad rotha o oirrcear co h-iartar an domhain risin la co n-aiti & co m-bedh cercall bec a dimceall t-seantroim an rotha sin & cercall budh da comor ria sin don taib amuith de & an treas cercall leth amuith de sin u tri mho na'n ced cercall. An cethramad cercall don taib amuith de sin o cethri mo na'n ced cercall & mar sin suas co nuic an ochtmad cercall & liatroid da bet In gac en cercall acu fa let 'ga gluasact o iartar co h-oirrcear an domain, & Is cosmail an rot so re speir lanmoir an domain & na cercalla beca sin adubrumar re cercallaib meadhonaca na speiri moire sin. Ma sedh an trat impoides an ced cercall a timceall ar tus, bith an dara cercall ar In dara cuit da timcill & In treas cercall ar In treas cuid & an cethramad cercall ar In cethramad & an cuigmad ar an cuigmad & In sesed ar In sesed & In sechtmad ar In sechtmad & In ochtmad ar In ochtmad. Et mar sin an trat darachadh an ochtmad cercall timcill uili, daracad an ced cercall re h-ocht cuartaib timcill. An fad da bedis na h-ocht cercalla so a coimhlinadh a cursa timcell as mor minic atarra sin d'impodh an roth o oirrcear co h-iartar an domain & da tinnscondais na h-ocht cercalla a sibal fein & da gerugad inntleachta an legtora do cuirimar an t-samail so sis.
maccima Sciendum est quia spera etcetera.
.i. Bith a fis agad gorab hi an speir romor as speir direach ann & as mor da baramhlaib secranaca tugadar na h-aineolaid di, oir adobradar ar son gorab i as airdi & as oiredha & as luaithi do na speirib gorab hi tuismidhteoir an domain hi. Agus coimlinaidh si a cursa re la co n-aithi & atait tri fichit & tri ced cem Stodiacus innte fein & Is na h-agaid so gluaises speir na n-airdrinnac n-daingin o iartar co oircer an domain & bit ag sibal en ceme deic ced bliadain. Et gach en speir da speirib na plained da rer a cumgachta & a fairsinga coimlinaid a cursa.
An speir lanmor cheana, ata gac aen taeba a timcill na speiredh eli, follamnaigid iat & dabeir orra impodh o oirrcer ho h-iartar an domain & as i so cuis ag la & ag aithi, ac solus & ag dorcadus & ag examlacht na n-aimser ag earrac & ac samrad ac fodhmar & ac geimreadh.
Et don taibh astigh don speir so cumhdaigter & folamhnaiter & gluaister gach uili ni ar teithead co claechligdis uair egin a stait no a suidheochan no a n-ordochan & Is i so dani na plained co soimpaidtec & an talam co dogluasta, oir da m-beth an talam sogluasta ni coinneochadh la na aithi a cursa fein mar donit anois & ni derbochaighi cursa na plained & rotha na firmaminti mar doniter anois. Agus ni fuilit retlanna annsa speir sin. Agus adubradar na h-aineolaidh co fuil anam innti & gorab uaithi gabus gac uili ni anam .Agus aderim-si gidh mor a cumachta an gac uili ni da n-dubrumar gorab o na tuismigteoir fein ghabus si na cumachta sin. Et da derbadh gorab edh ni feas ca h-obair doni neach no co m-bi tar eis a denmusa. Ma sedh o bis fis gac uili gnimha da tig on speir lanmoir againne sul doniter iat, as o nec eli doniter na gnimarta sin & ni h-uaiti fein.
Secunda spera post macsimam speram etcetera.
Is i In dara speir tar eis na speiri lanmoire & Is foicse na hi don talmain Stodiace .i. speir na comartadh & ata leis gan retlanna mar adubrumar an speir lanmor da beth, & gluaissidh o oirrcer co h-iartar an domuin mar gluaises si. Et da sailidar na h-arsanta gorab i so na nai speir ele & gorab cercall da cercallaib na speiri lanmoiri hi & scrisaidh Tolameus an baramail so a na lebar fein & adeir co fuair idir an speir lanmoir & Stodiacus 'na creasaib & 'na pollaib spas fada, oir fuair pol tuaiscertac Stodiac a ceitre ceiminnaib fichet nis airdi na'n pol cedna ac an speir lanmoir. Et fuair pol deiscertac an Stodiace ceithre ceiminna fichet eli fan pol cedna ag an speir lanmhoir. Et atait creasanna na speiri so ceithre ceiminna fichet o celi a mullach na firmaminnti. Et as uime sin cuiris Tolameus deich speireadha ann & Is don naomad speir labramaid an trat adermaid grian no esca no plained ele da beit a ceim egin do comartaibh na speiri sin.
Et as i cuis fa n-dobart na h-anmanna so .i. Airgeis no Taubhrus, Leo etcetera, ar comartaib na Stodiace, ar son co ticid na h-airdrinnaigh a speir na retlann ar comair na codac sin da Stodiace ar a m-bi Airgeis no Tabhrus mar ainm, le cuma & le naduir na n-ainminntedh cedna againne annso, & gidedh ni fuil cruthugad Is In doman a Stodiace, oir mar adubrumar, ni bi retla ann.
Et darinneadar na feallsamain da chuid deg da Stodiace & adubradar comarta re gac cuit da rer anma & fidrach an raeda bis fai an comartha sin Is In line direc a speir na retlann .Et darinneadar mar sin da chuid deg don bliadhain da rer an da comarta deg sin na greine & adubradar mi re sibal na greine an gac comarta dib & do muinedar na feallsamain as sin examlacht na h-aimsiri da beth ann da rer sibail na greine o comarta co comartha & da rer a h-ardaithe & a h-islithe, oir an trat tet grian annsa ced ponc d'Airgeis tic exinocsium ann .i. comhtromacht lae & aithe & Is annsin tinnscnus an t-errach; & ni teit as no co m-bi grian a n-Gemen & In trat teit grian a Cainnser as annsin as tosac don t-samradh. Et ar m-beth di annsin a mullach a speiri thuas, teidhid an grian co mor agaid na talman & ar tiact di co ponc derinac Uirgo, cuiridh cric ar In samradh. Agus an trat teit co ponc derinnach Libra, bit an dara exenocium ann & tinnscnaidh an fodhmar annsin & ni teit as no co m-bi grian a ponc derinach Saigitarius .Et an trat bis a ponc deighinach Capricornus tinnscnaid an geimreadh & bith ann no co m-bi aris a ponc deighinach Airgeis & tinnscnaidh annsin aris an t-errach.
Et as i cuis dabeir co m-bi geimread ann as fuaire na celi & geimreadh as flichi na ceili & geimridh as tirma na celi & samradh as teo & samradh as tirma na ceili ann .i. as i an grian doni earrach & samrad, fogmhar & geimredh & donit na plaineid ele na h-aimsera cedna. Agus an trat tic samradh na greine ann & bid na plaineid eli a comartha a n-geimrid fein, bit acmuinn mor fertana & fuachta Is In t-samradh & an trat tic geimread na greine & bit na plaineid eli Is na comarthaib foillsiges a samradh fein, bith gaeth & becan fertana & fuachta Is In geimread sin co h-airithe, & Is mar sin do na h-aimseraibh eli & Is i sin cuis teasa & fuachta, tirmaigachta & flicha ceithre n-aimser na bliadna .i. da rer imteachta na plained a comartaib an Stodiace mar d'ordaidh an tuismighteoir benaithi fein iat.
catuor Dico quod Saturnus per etcetera..
.i. Aderim mar atait ceithre gluasachta ag Sadurn co fuilit ceithre speiri aige a n-gluaisinn se .i. an ced gluasacht dib, an speir lanmor o oirrcer co h-iartar an domain. An dara gluasacht, a gluasacht nadurtha fein o iartar co h-oirrcer an domhain. An treas gluasacht .i. gluasacht na speiri na fuil fein daingin & a siblaighinn co direc no tar a ais co luath no co h-amluath. An cethramad gluasacht .i. gluasacht na speiri sa seantrom ata leth amuith da seantrom na talman & as ar In speir sin toctar gac plained gac fad fedtar suas on talmain & licter sis gach foicsi fedtar don talmain. Et Is iat so na ceithre gluasachta ata ag na plainedaibh uili a n-egmus na greine ag a fuil da speir & da gluasacht.
Et scribocad aris na ceithre speiri sin maille re na n-gluasachtaib fein & dagen ar tosac fidair na speiri moiri & fidhair na talman ar a lar & cuirfed A 'na h-oircher & B 'na h-uachtar & C 'na iartar & D 'na h-ichtar & Is amlaid ata gluasacht na speiri moiri ó A co B & o B co C & o C go D & o D go h-A.
Et dagen fidair an dara speir noch gluaiseas o iarthur co h-oirrcear an domain noch ata fan speir moir & ata sa line direach fan Stodiaca & Is amlaidh ata Stodiaca gu claen & an speir lan mor go direach os ar cinn oir mar adubrumar as fada a poil & a ludrach o cheile.
Et dagen fidair an treas speir sa seantrom ata don taib amuit da t-seantrom na talman don taibh astig don da speir roimhe & as e inadh a fuil seantrom na speiri so a n-deiscert seantroim na talman da ceim co leth da rer thomhais lethni na speiri & ata ar na roinn a fiche & a ced cuid, & ata an speir so a fogas don talmain da taibh de & a fad uada da taib ele.
Et dagen fidair an cethramad speir noch connmas corp an plaineid innti co dangin dan taib astid do na tri speirib ele. Et as amlaid ata seantrom na retlainne sin mar ata seantrom na speiri a na fuil & as amlaid gluaises o iartar co h-oirrcer an domain & a mullach na speiri sa seantrom ata leat amuigh da seantrom na talman ata seantrom na plained sin mar tairngi daingin dogluaisti a speir & ni cursa direach mar soigit ata ag na plainedaibh ac cursa cruinn nadurtha mar roth cartach a sibul o iartar co h-oircer an domain.
Agus da m-beth tairngi a lethimill uachtarach na cartac dagenadh sibal o iartar co h-oircer an domain a dul sis cumh na talman ni gluaisfeadh siar na soir & In trat da roithfeadh an talam dogenad a cursa da claenadh o oirrcer co h-iartar & In trat d'eireochad o talmain suas ni gluaisfedh siar no soir. Et mar da suigeadh an mullach uachtarach da gluaisfed annsin soir .Et as i so an cuis dabeir ar na plainedaib sibal direc uair & sibal tar ais uair ele & sibal digair uair & sibal mall uair ele da genamh.
Postquam Saturne sperus motus etcetera.
.i. tar eis mar d'innsimar speir & gluasacht Saduirn & na plained ele inneosamaid anois cinnus impoid tar ais, re n-abur retrogradcio .i. caissimpodh .i. an trat impoides an planed tar a ais o Airgheis co Pisis.
Et da cur sin a ceill dagen fidair da speir Saduirn & cuirfed don taib amuith dib speir na comartadh & dagen da cuit deg di & tar eisi sin cuirfed dan taib astigh di speir Saduirn sa seantrom ata don taib amuith da seantrom na talman & cuirfed 'na mullach tuas an speir ana fuil corp an planeid co daingin & cuirfed 'na diagh sin an talam 'na inadh fein & E ar a lar & cuirfed Sadurn a ceithre cercallaib beca a dimcill a cercaille fein. Et cuirfed an ced cercall da na cercallaibh beca sin a mullach a cercaill fein & line trit idir Airgheis & Pisis. Et an dara cercall a n-inadh a ced comhnaighe & B ar a lar. An treas cercall a n-inadh an caisimpoidh & C ar a lar. An cethramad cercall a n-inadh an dara comnaighe & D ar a lar. Agus tarrongad tri line o seantrom na talman suas tri Sadurn co cosmailus na comartad ata a speir na n-airdrinnach n-daingin. Et as iat na linedha sin radarc na sul o talmain suas d'innsaighi Saduirn & cuirfed an line as dirgha dib sin o talmain suas d'innsaighi A, & Is mar sin an trat bis Sadurn a n-inad A a tosac Airgeis bith se annsa Stodiaca & soir co lan direach bis a sibal & ar sibal do mar sin sair a n-Airgeis ceiminna airithi claenas se co B & an trat tic annsin ni gluaisinn sair na siar & Is ime sin as e sin a ced comhnaighi; & an trat fagas an t-inadh sin gluaisid siar co D & Is e sin as inadh caisimpoid do; & as annsin bis gluasacht lan direach aigi o oirrcer co h-iartar an domhain, & ac dul siar do an trat roites inadh C as e sin as inadh an dara comnaighi do oir ni gluaisinn annsin soir na siar. Et gibe neach d'fecfadh annsin o medon na talman suas dagebadh se annsin a Pisis an Sadurn da bi roimhe an Airges & ar fagail D do thoir rachaid tar eis a ceili suas aris co h-A. Et as i sin an chuis fa faicter na plaineid uair Is mo na ceili iat, oir In trat donit caisimpodh chum na talman as ann as aibsigi daciter iat.
Et gach ni da n-dubrumar ar speirib & ar gluasachtaibh & ar gach naduir ele da fuil ac Sadurn Is coir na neice cedna do tuicsin ar Iubiter & ar Mars o nach fuil deichfer aturra 'na sibal na 'na n-gluasacht na 'na n-gnimartaib. Et teagmaid na nethi cedna do na tri plainedaibh ata leath anis don grein gin co follus ar In re na neti sin tri roluas a speiri sa seantrom ata leth amuith do seantrom na talman, oir In speir connmas In re co daingean as sair ghluaises & an trat do ni an caisimpodh tar ais as siar gluaises & Is ime sin nac follus an t-impodh sin & gidedh Is follus a sibul ele & a comnaighi, oir bith la ann a siblaiginn da ceim deg & la ele na siblaiginn ceithre ceiminna deg.
Da speir na n-airdrinnach n-daingin. Hec spero octauo situatur In loco etcetera.
.i. Ata In speir so ar na suigiugad san ochtmad inadh sa firmamint & ata ar na cruthugad da samlacus Airgeis & Tabrus & Geimin & comarta eli Stodiace. Agus as amlaid gluaisid airdrinnaidh na speiri sin co cert comtrom & co comfada & go comhfogus da ceili Is gac en aimsir tri bithu sir o iartar co h-oirrcer an domain, oir ni bi luas na mailli na sibal direach na caisimpodh acu mar bis ac na retlannaib seacranacha. Agus bid ced bliadhain ac sibal en ceme da ceiminnaib na speiri moiri.
Ad hec indiganda geomitrica sunt.
.i. Da lorgaireacht an adbuir so Is egin arrmainnte geomitric d'fagail da creidfeam co neamhcunntaburtach. Dagenum ma sedh fidair na talman & cuirfed E 'na seantrom & tarrongad cercall ele o na tuaiscert conuice a deiscert & tarrongad line direach o Pol Airtic co Pol Antairtic trit an talmain & tri cercall na talman & cuirfead A a mullach na firmaminnti & B a pol tuaiscirt an cercaill & C fai tis & D na pol deiscertach.
Ma sedh gibe nec da beth a n-inad E & dagebadh an astrolaib 'na laimh, oir Is le sin dagebtar fis lan deimhin an raeda so, & da cuirfed a edan ar line medonac na h-astralaibh & da coinnemad hi ar snaithi o na ordoig sis & do fecfed Pol Airtic tri dha poll a da clar, dagiaba se an pol sin comtrom risin talmain. Agus da siblaidh o E se mili & tri fichit mile & da trian mili co B & an astrolaib da cur ar comuir Poil Airtic annsin & a fiachain triti mar do rinne roimhe, dagiabtha se ceim ar airdi ann os cinn na talman & en ceim amhain do na tri fichit & do na tri ced ceim na hastrolaibh foillsiges a beith mar sin.
Et da ngluasir aris as sin d'innsaighe B, se mili & tri fiichit mile ele & da trian mili & an astrolaib da cur ar comair In poil cedna & a fecain mar dorinne roimhe dagiabad se da ceim ann ar airdi os a cinn & mar sin co brach o E d'innsaighi B dagiabadh a cinn gach se mili & tri fichit mili & da trian mili no co soitedh B, ceim ag fas ar airdi ar In Pol cedna. Agus med na milted sin uili ar en slighi, as edh donit siat da rer cainndigachta na tri fichit & na tri ced ceim ata a dimcill speire na talman, ceithre mili fichit da miltib; as e sin tomus timcill o cercall an uisce & na talman. Et as ed, ata an alcoterra .i. a tighi cercailli na talman ocht mili do miltibh & Is mar sin Is a ceithre mili do miltib ata co sentrom na talman & Is tri mili & seachtadh Is coir da gach mili acu sin da beth ann.
Antiqui linea ab Oriente ad Occidentem etcetera.
.i. Da smuaintigheadar na h-arsanta line dar lar na talman co direach on a oircer conuig a iartar comtrom re line eccinoccialis & d'fagadar againne gorab comfada on line sin co Pol Airtic & uada co Pol Intartic.
Et Is idir an line sin & Pol Airtic ata cuit d'aitrib na n-daine don talmain gin co soaitribthi an cuit sin uile de. Et on line cedna co Pol Antartic, ni fedann ainmide Is In doman beth beo ann tri imarcraid teasa. Oir os annsa speir sa seantrom ata leth amuith da seantrom na talman, imarcear corp na greine a timceall na talman & os don taibh sin ata claenad na speiri sin as egin gorab rotheo an taeb sin na gach taeb
eli don talamh & as bec ar a mo an teas ata sa taib sin na'n fuacht ata sa taibh eli ar a comhair. Et as ime sin, a n-deiredh na codac u tuaigh don talmain, tre rofad na greine uada, ni fuil en raed ach a lan da nelaib dorcha & da gaith & d'fertain, da reodh & do shneachta & d'fuacht mor. Agus Is ime sin ata an t-inad sin doaitrebtha, & an t-inad cheana ata fa In line eccinoccialis measardha.
Et atait laeithe & aiteda na bliadna gus an en raed comfada re celi annsan inadh sin. Et as on line sin ata egecinoccialis conuic an crith tuaiscertaigh doaitrebtha ata an cuit fedtar d'atrebadh don talmain. Darinneadar na h-arsanta seact codcanna don cuid sin ar fad o oirrcer co h-iartar na talman mar foillsiges an fidair so.
Do naduir na crich sin.
Et as on line ata fai eccinoccialis tinnscnus an ced clima ar letead & ata ar fad mar adubrumar o oirrcear co h-iartar an domain & ni teit an la ar fad tar da uair deg & da drian uaire go direach fa do sa bliadain & ni bi nis girra na en uair deg & treis mir uaire. Et bith an grian fa dho sa bliadhain os cinn lucht na crice sin .i. an trat teit si o deiscert co tuaiscert na firmaminti & as sin co deiscert aris & mar sin bid da samrad an en bliadain Is In cric sin. Et ni claenann an scaili co brach annsa cric sin on a tuaiscert conuic a deiscert.
Naduir an dara clima:
dani imarcaig gainim na crici sin co rothe hi fein, oir tet teas na greine astec annsa n-gainim & bruithid & doighidh aghaidh na talman & an trat tig gaeth mor ann cruinnigid an gaineamh & doni cnuic & sleibti dhe & uair ele, scailidh e. Agus daine duba re n-abarthar fir gorma & fuilt chasa acu lucht aitribthe na crici sin. Agus ata acmainn mor oir annsa cric sin tre imarcraid teasa na greine ac bruith aithe na talman. Agus ni ha fedanaib & a cuisleannaibh na talman dageibter an t-or sin mar dageibter an t-airgead & In sdan & na mitaill ele sin, acht ar a uachtar. Agus ni teit an la tar tri h-uairibh deg suas co brach na tar da uair deg sis annsa cric sin.
Naduir an treas clima:
as ludha teasbac na cric sin na na crici roimhe oir ni bhi an grian Is In line direach os a cinn co brac acht a solsticium In t-samraidh tamall gerr & Is mesardha an cric sin na gach cric da n-dubrumar. Et as amlaid ata lucht aitribthi na crici sin & dath riabach & fuilt cassa & cuirp caela acu. Agus Is gerr suas o talmain fasaid croinn na crice sin. Agus ni teit an la tar ceithre h-uairib deg suas & ni mo thet tar deich n-uairib sis co brat annsa cric sin.
Naduir an cethramad clima:
as mesardha coimplex na crici so na na cric ele adubrumar, oir ni fuil imarcridh fuachta na teasa acu & atait acmainneach conaith fa crannaib examla & fa tortaib imda na talman & fedaid lucht aitribthe na ced crici & In dara crich soaitrib da dhenamh innte co nembaedlach. Et as amlaid atait lucht aitribthi na crici sin a n-dath buighe idir geal & riabac & atait inntleachtach somuinti & cuimhne fhada acu & eagna mor & Is annsa cric so as lia da bhi da lucht an iuil mhoir & na h-eagna & da lucht an croide mhoir & arrachtus cuirp; & Is ferr blas uisce na crici sin na na cric ele. Et ni teit an la tar cuig uairib deg suas na tar naoi uairib sis co brach Is In cric sin.
Naduir an cuigmad clima
.i. Is ludha a teas & Is mo a fuacht na'n cric sin roimpi & gidhedh as lia a croinn & as fearr toradh a n-gort. Agus Is amlaid atait lucht aitribthi na crice sin & coirp mesardha acu, a n-dath cumusca, as foicsi da geal na da riabac, Is ludha a n-egna & as girra a saedhal & Is conaithi iat na lucht na crici roimpi; & fasaidh an la co se h-uairib deg & bith ar dombisec co h-ocht n-uairib annsa crit sin.
seiseadh
Naduir an clima:
as ludha a teas & Is mo a fuacht & Is ludha torad a crann a n-gort tri mhed a fuachta na 'na cric roimpi & Is imdha sneachta & fertain & neil & tobair & srota & cnuic & slebti na crici sin. Et as amlaid ata lucht na crice sin & cuirp anmanna acu, a n-dath geal & fuilt th-slime & iat co bruidimail domuinti. Et atait secht n-uaire deg Is In la as faidi sa cric sin & ocht n-uaire co leth sa lo as girra.
Naduir an sechtmad clima:
.i. easbaidh teasa & acmainn fuachta. Et as amlaid atait lucht aitribthi na crici sin: indtleachtach (!) domunta & ciall anmann & cumne bruidemail & cirp anmanna & fuilt findbuidhi t-slime .Agus da n-deachdais lucht aitribthi na crici so Is In ced cric no sa dara cric no da ticdis lucht na crici sin innte so dagebdais bas leth ar leth tri claechlod an aeir.
Et as mar sin an cethramadh cric as mesarda & Is ferr acu leth ar leth, oir ata mesaracht nimhe ac oileamain na crici sin tar cach. Et ocht n-uaire deg an la as faidi sa crith sin & se n-uaire an la as girra.
Do na h-inadaibh a na fuil an bliadain uile na h-en la & na h-en aithe.
Duo In terra loca esse nouimus etcetera.
.i. Da inadh ar aithnit duinn ar talmain .i. inadh acu Is In line direach fa Pol Airtic, an dara h-inadh Is In line direc fa Pol Intairtic a na fuil an bliadain uili na h-en la & na h-en aithi oir atait se mhi 'na h-enla & se mhi eli 'na h-en aithi .Et gibe neach dabeth a n-deredh tuaiscirt na talman annsan inad a m-bet Pol Airtic .i. ludrac tuaiscirt na firmaminti annsa line direach os a cinn, dacithfedh se cercall an line diridh ata a cosmulas re cercall na comartadh 'na timceall & dacithfedh amlaid sin gluasacht na firmaminti mar gluasacht bron. Agus mar sin, an trat teit grian annsa line direach annsa ced cuit d'Airgeis eirghidh si thoir fo talmain don inadh sin adubrumar & doni la do & tic 'na timceall mar broin & impoidh o oirrcer co deiscert & o deiscert co h-iarthar & o iartar co tuaiscert & o tuaiscert aris co h-oircear, & bith mar sin ac sirsibal timcill a n-en ceime no co teit co Cainnser & as annsin bis annsa ceim sin as airdi a fedann si dul as cinn an inaidh sin & roinnidh si an la fada sin a n-da chuit comtroma & bith as sin ag isliugad tar eis a ceili no co teit si a n-deredh na h-oidche & boinid annsin a solus don inadh adubrumar & bith la mar sin annsan inadh sin o medon mhis Marta co medon mis Seiptimpir.
Et an trat teit grian a ced ponc Libra, tinnscnaidh an aiche an t-inad cedna do dhorcugad & bith an grian annsin ac sibal fa cuairt mar broin ag isliugad sis tar eis a ceili fo talmain no co ti annsa ced ponc da Caipricornus & ni fedann isliugad tairis sin, annsin Is medon dan aice moir sin. Et tinnscnaidh an grian eirgi an uair sin suas tar eis a celi as an inadh sin no co ted si annsa ced ponc d'Argeis & tinnscnaidh la annsin aris annsan inadh adubrumar. Et mar sin bith en aithi fhada annsan inadh sin o medon mi Septimpir co medon Marta.
Et mar sin, gebe neach do beth a n-deiscert na talman annsan inadh a m-beth Pol Antairticc .i. ludrach na firmaminte as a cinn co direach, dacithfedh cercall an line dhirigh ag impodh mar broin as a cinn; & In trat darachadh an grian sa line direach sa ced ponc da Libra, d'eireochadh si thoir fa talmain da neach da beth annsan inadh adubrumar & da thinnscanadh la do, & d'impodh timcill mar broin o oirrcear co tuaiscert & o tuaiscert co h-iartar & o iartar co deiscert & o deiscert co h-oirrcer na firmaminte.
Et mar sin ni fanann ag sir dhul timcill gan dul fai don inad adubrumar no co tet si annsa ced ponc da Caipricornus & ar m-beth di annsa ponc sin as airdi a fedann dul don inadh sin doni da chuit don la fada sin & ni fanann ag isliugad tar eis a ceili no co tet sa ponc deighinach do Pisis & cuirid dered ar In la annsin & bith an la sin ann o medon Seiptimpir co medhon Marta. Et annsin, an trat tet grian annsa ced ponc d'Airgeis, tinnscnaidh an aithi an t-inadh sin adubrumar do dorcugad & bith an grian annsin ac dul timceall & ac isliugad tar eis a ceili fo talmain no co tet si annsa ced ponc do Cainnsir innus nach fedann si beth nis isli don inadh sin & as annsin as medon dan aithe mhoir sin. Et ni fanann an grian ag erge aris tar eis a celi no co tet annsa ced ponc da Libra & tinnscnaidh an la fada cedna aris & bith an aithe adubrumar ann o medon Marta co medon Seiptimpir.
Do na gaethaib, cred iat & casa ticit siat.
Asserunt antequi philosophi etcetera.
Oir aderaid na feallsamain arsanta co fuil Eurus te tirim & Zephurus te fliuch & co fuil Boreas fuar tirim & Auster fuar fliuch. Et aderaid blod do na dochturib nach mar sin ata Xepherus na Auster ach gorab fuar fliuch ata Xepherus & gor ab te fliuch Auster. Agus ni fedar-sa an do naduir choitcinn na n-gaeth na an da naduir na n-gaeth a cricaib airithe adubradar sin, oir daciamaid examlacht na n-gaeth a n-atarrach na cric oir ata Eurus & Stepterus fliuch a cricaib ann & tirim a cricaib ele, gidhedh inneosad-sa naduir choitceann deimin na n-gaeth uile.
Oir an t-aer, ar na tegadh on grein, medaigter & letnaigter e & ataidh se & eirgid ceo dub dorcha as In fhairgi suas isin aer & doni nel de tuas & an trat boineas an ceo sin risin aer fuar tuas cumgigter co prap asteac e & dabeir sin air siled & leagad & fertain da denamh dhe .An trat ceana tecmas an ceo sin na fairgi thuas ar In aer te tirim fein & an t-aer a na celi & tocar suas iat let ar let co h-inadh an roigh no co flaitimnas an fuachta, cumhgaidter annsin iat & bit annsin aer. Is i naduir an aeir the & naduir an inaid fuair a contraracht ar a cele & ni fuilngid beth a n-en inadh & Is uime sin telgidh an t-inadh an t-aer as & bith 'ga teilgin & ag rith o inadh co h-inad a gluasacht an aeir & as e an gluasacht sin an aeir an gaeth, & gach med bis an t-adbur as a tic an gluasacht as moidi an gaeth. Adhbur ele as a tic an gaeth .i. an tan bis cath no troid 'ga tobairt ag imad na sluadh & ag imad na n-arm na n-gluasacht, & seitfedhac na n-daine, & cuit acu ac tethedh & an cuit eli 'ga leanmain, rithid an t-aer seimh rompa & togaidh se gaeth.
Et mas ail let an ni sin adubrumar ar togail na gaithi Is an aer fuar tar eis a teidhti da derbadh co follus; gab baisin cugad & cuir uisci an a m-bed da orlac no tri ar doimhne & cuir soitec folamh gloine ann & lig doib mar sin fedh na h-aithi co maidin a n-inadh fuar egin & dagebair mocrac an soiteac sin lan d'aer calcaithi fuar & impodh a bel fai san uisci sin ata sa baisin & cuir iat le celi an inadh egin re teas na greine tar eis eirghi dhi, & In trat teidhfis an t-aer tiudh sin annsa gloine, fasaidh & attaidh & lethnaidh, & bidh ag iarraidh inaidh Is mo & o nac fuil aigi inadh a rachad ach tri bel an t-soithidh sis annsan uisci, teit fan uisci sin sis & togaid e suas co bel an baisin. Et daciter e mar sin mar lan mara ag fas tar eis a ceili no co n-doirter e uair ann tar In m-baisin amach. Et as e sin foillsighes co fasann & co natann an t-aer da bi sa soiteac adubrumar. Et lig do mar sin aris no co ti an aithi ar cinn & mar imeocas tes an lae & ticfas fuacht na h-aithi cruinneochaidh an fuacht sin an t-aer da bhi sa soitec cedna a na soitec fein aris & calcochaidh e annsin & tuitfidh an t-uisci sin 'na inad fein aris.
Ma sedh o dani an becan aeir sin an fas mor sin, as derb gorab mor an fas doni an t-aer uile no cuit de na speir fein.
Do na nelaibh, don toirnidh & don fertain & do na soidnenaibh.
Sol maria & flumina terra usque loca etcetera.
Togaid an grian as an fairgi & as na srotaibh & as na h-inadaibh fliucha eli dethaidhi & ceo nach fedtar d'faicsin tre na seimhe, acht mocrac no tratnona & an trat tocar suas iat annsan aer the scailter & lethnaidter & cumuscter iat ar fud an aeir sin oir as inann naduir doibh. An trat ceana tocar suas annsan aer fuar iat, dluthaiter & cumgigter asteac na celi iat & doni nel dib & mar as naduir do na netib cosmaile a ceili d'innsaighe, mar tiadaid na srota isin fairgi, tiagaid na neil as lugha acu sin, oir Is edroma iad & Is usa leo gluasacht d'innsaige na nel Is mo, & doni en motar mor dorcha dibh & bith ainsein tre naduir te da beth aigi & In t-aer fuar 'na timcill a contraracht & ag imrascail re ceili.
Et an trat as treise don air & claides an nel ceanglaid & calcaidh a buird don taib amuith & doni sneachta dhe. Et mar sin an trat bis an teasbach astigh annsa nel ar na timcullad amuith ag an fuacht & a nel ar sicc & ar cruadugad 'na thimcill, da siredh da rer a nadura, inad ina fasfadh & ana n-atfadh & an lethnocadh & o nac liginn a nel daingin do an t-oibriugad sin da deanamh crothaid e co cumhachtach & brisid & teid fodhair mor aduatmar as an m-brisidh sin re n-abarthar toirrnec & le treisi na brigi le n-dentar an brisidh sin teit soidhnein & teinntec as In m-brisid sin & tuitidh as In m-brisidh sin minrainn beca an neil sin ar m-brisidh & ac bualad fa ceile. Ac teacht anuas minbrisid fein a ceili aris & mar roitid an chuit Is foicsi don talmain don aer bainid teas an inaidh sin a cnapain corra dib & doni cruinn iat & titidh na clocha sneachta & Is iat na minbainnedha beca ferthana bis trit an sneachta an chuid sin bointer de ar leaghadh.
Agus gac med bis an teas sin adubrumar & In fuacht as moidi an contraracht bis atorra & mar medaidter an contraracht medaigter an toirnec & an teinntec tic uadha. Et an cuit nach tic don nel sin cum talman lethnaigi se ar fud an aeir & doni teinnteach dhe. Et an cuit don teinntidh tic chum na talman scoiltidh si cnuic & sleibti & tollaidh an talam & marbaidh daine & ellach.
Agus da derbad gorab on contraracht adubrumar tic an toirneac da cuiridar na feallsamain a eisimplair air sin, on an trat curtar duilleog glas ar teinid, suil loiscter i ar m-buain an tesa re, brister hi maille re fogar. Et mar sin an trat curtar iarann derg a n-uisci, bainid contraracht an da ni sin fodhar lan mor astu. Ma sedh o dani contraracht na corp m-bec an fodar so, Is mor an fodar as coir do na corpaib mora da denamh.
Et Is lia toirneac & teinnteach & soighnein isin earrach & isin fogmar na Is na h-aimseraib ele oir as idir an samrad te & an geimredh fuar atait an da aimsir sin. Et na neil togas seididh na gaeithe don talmain suas Is In aer ata fuar fliuch cael seimh gan teas gan tirmaigeacht ach an med bis Is na nelaib sin fein, ni fuil contraracht acu.
Et dealaid an chuit trom bhis Is na nelaib sin reodh na m-bainnedhaib & do ni fertain de. Et an trat teagmhas an nel sin ar In aer te, tanaidh se e & doni aer dhe aris & tre asaenta contrarachta teasa & fuachta, tirme & fliche an aeir sin doni nel mora duba dhe & doni fertain mor do na nelaib sin & duairib ann doni bainneda mora fertana & cloit sneachta reamra don adbur cedna & Is annsan earrac & annsa fodhmar as minca bid siat; & an trat bit isin t-samrad, tri mhed na contrarachta sin adobrumar da beth isin aimsir sin tar na h-aimseraib ele, as ann Is mo an doininn. Et an trat teagmas gaeth mor re linn na doninne sin ann, casaidh si na neoil a na celi tuas Is In aer & ceanglaidh iat & cuiridh cumtha examhla orra & sailid na h-aineolaidh gorab dreagana iat & dacimaid an casad cedna ag a thobairt ag an ghaith ar luaitridh na talman.
Agus gidh a n-en taib doniter an toirneach & an teinnteach as tusca daciter an teinntec na cluinter an toirneach. Agus as i cuis dabeir sin, oir daci an radharc ar en t-slighe an raed ata a fogas do & an raed ata a fad uadha, mar nach tusca daci se an talam na na reltanna Is faidi uadha a firmamint. Et ni mar sin don esteacht, oir Is tusca dacluin an fogar as foicsi do na'n fogar as faidi uadha, & da cur sin a ceill do t-samladar na doctuire cedfaidh an eisteachta re broin, oir da m-beith cluas a poll na bron da cluinfed gan deitfir gach ni do bedh a fad uaithi a fogus di, oir Is amlaid ata cedfaid na cluaisi na h-aer noch ata 'na corp chael t-seim t-sogluaisti & Is mo & Is seime & Is luaithi a gluasacht na gluasacht an uisci.
Et an trat donit brisead egin no bualad no fodhar ele Is In aer, an t-aer as foicse don fodhar sin, gluaisidh se an fodar uadha d'innsaighe na codac ele don aer & mar sin tar eis a ceile idir randaib In aeir no co tet an fodhar fa deoigh annsa cluais & on cluais conuic an inchinn noch brethnaiges idir an fogar Is mo & In fodar Is luga & idir an fodhar as seime & an fodar as reimhe.
Et da t-samladar ar In nos cedna cedfaidh na sul re stoc noch ga fuil ceann cumhang & gac fad teit amach on ceann sin as fairsingiugad doni & Is mar sin teit radarc na sul tri fedan fethach on incind cu mic imrisan na sul & bit ceann cumang eige annsin mar bis ag an stoc & bith a sirletnugad amac no co n-gabann an fidair fecas ris & impoid asteach aris & beirid leis cruth & cuma & dath an raeda sin chum na h-incinne.
Do na h-ainminntib fastacha nemcedfadaca.
Uneuersa animata insensibus ilia etcetera.
.i. Gach uili ni neimcedfadach ag a fuil anim, fedaidh se fas uada fein17, oir dacimaid Is na coilltibh & Is na cnocaib moran da chinelaib crann ar a fasann toradh uatha fein & gidedh as cruinne & as fearr oilter toiraid na crann cuirid lamha daine na iat. Agus ni fhed crann Is In doman fas ach 'na inad & 'na aer nadurtha fein. Agus as e sil na nethead neimhcedfedach ag a fuil anim fastach as cruth adburtha doib, oir dob ail le Dia darinne iat brig silta da beth innta as a fasfadh a gne comhtrom comhcosmail fein tar eis a ceili co brach; & mar sin an trat tuites an sil sin asin talmain attaid se o fliche na feartana ac tuitim air.
As e naduir an usci dul asteach Is gac en corp a n-egmais cuirp daingin & bith an grian, ar tedhadh an t-sil sin, ac tarraing a uisceamlachta as, oir as i naduir na greine gac uili uisceamlacht do tharraing suas & fasaidh annsin as In gran, ar na tedadh & ar na fliuchad, an geineamhain nadurtha da bhi a cumhachtaib folaidh don taib astid ann .i. adbur planda, comcosmail ris In planda o tainic fein roimhe & bit an talam a sir tobairt fliucha do a n-inad na fliucha beires an grian uadha & fasaidh annsin brig annsin on da ni sin re n-abar ainim fastac & fasaidh cuislenna as sis re n-abar precmha In a tairriginn se oileamain na talman chuigi. Et an trat tairrnges an grian na fliuchadain cedna, tairrngid le an brig folaidteach & crutaidter di gega & duilleabar & blath & toradh & bid a sir fhas mar sin no co scarinn d'fas & an toradh bhis air as as sil & Is adbur da letheid sin da plannda aris.
Tri gneithe ata do no nethib fasas .i. cuid dib da tet a n-duilleabar sa geimread & tic orra aris Is In t-samradh. An dara gne na teit a n-duilleabar sa geimrid dib na sa t-samradh. Et tres gne teit as gus an en raed sa geimread & fasaid as a sil sin a letheid fein isin t-samrad.
Et adeir ardmaigister na feallsaman .i. Aristoteles gorab tri gneithe ata ar na nethib fastacha nemcedfadacha .i.