text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Maggie's Law: National Drowsy 
  Driving Act of 2002''.
  
  SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
  
      Congress finds the following:
              (1) A 1995 Federal study conservatively estimated that each 
          year--
                      (A) 100,000 police-reported motor vehicle crashes 
                  are caused by the drowsiness or fatigue of the 
                  operator;
                      (B) 1,550 deaths and 71,000 injuries are the direct 
                  result of a driver falling asleep at the wheel of a 
                  motor vehicle; and
                      (C) these crashes represent at least 
                  $12,500,000,000 in diminished productivity and property 
                  loss.
              (2) Scientific research further demonstrates that--
                      (A) 1,000,000 crashes are caused by driver 
                  inattention each year; and
                      (B) sleep deprivation and fatigue make such 
                  attention lapses more likely to occur.
              (3) An insufficient amount of statistical data and 
          documentation concerning fatigue-related motor vehicle crashes 
          is available. Federal statistics significantly under-report the 
          problem of driver fatigue because the statistics are derived 
          primarily from police accident reports, and studies indicate 
          that less than one-half of all crashes are reported to the 
          police.
              (4) Further complicating the collection of accurate data 
          are the following facts:
                      (A) Most police officers are not trained to detect 
                  sleep-related crashes.
                      (B) There is no test to determine sleepiness as 
                  there is for drunk drivers.
                      (C) There are still States that do not have proper 
                  codes for sleepiness on their crash report forms.
                      (D) Based on clinical studies, many people are 
                  unable to accurately recognize when they have nodded-
                  off for a short period of time (microsleep), thus 
                  raising questions about the reliability of self-
                  reporting.
              (5) In 1999, a scientifically conducted national survey of 
          Americans found that 23 percent of respondents reported that 
          they personally know someone who crashed in the past year due 
          to falling asleep at the wheel.
              (6) In 2001, a scientifically conducted national survey of 
          Americans found that in the past year--
                      (A) 53 percent of all adults reported driving while 
                  drowsy;
                      (B) 19 percent reported that they had actually 
                  dozed off while driving; and
                      (C) one percent reported that they had crashed 
                  because they dozed off.
              (7) Studies confirm that while anyone can be at risk for 
          drowsy driving, there are several population groups that are 
          significantly at higher risk--
                      (A) young people under the age of 26, who tend to 
                  stay up late, sleep too little, and drive at night, 
                  represent about 55 percent of all fall asleep crashes;
                      (B) there are over 20,000,000 shift workers in 
                  America and studies suggest that 20 percent to 30 
                  percent of individuals with nontraditional work 
                  schedules have had a fatigue-related driving mishap in 
                  the last year;
                      (C) commercial drivers are susceptible to fatigue-
                  related crashes due to their driving schedules and the 
                  amount of miles they drive during the year;
                      (D) commercial drivers have a high prevalence of a 
                  sleep and breathing disorder called sleep apnea; and
                      (E) 40,000,000 Americans suffer from sleep 
                  disorders; left untreated, disorders such as sleep 
                  apnea can increase crash risk 3 to 7 times.
              (8) In 1995, a study found that some roads, such as high-
          speed, long, boring, rural highways, are more dangerous than 
          others for sleep-deprived motorists. The New York State Police 
          estimated that 40 percent of all fatal crashes along the New 
          York Thruway were the result of a driver falling asleep at the 
          wheel.
              (9) Studies, such as the following, indicate that 
          continuous shoulder rumble strips are effective countermeasures 
          to drift-off-the-road crashes, which are characteristic of 
          drowsy driving, and fall-asleep crashes--
                      (A) New York State reports that accidents caused by 
                  drivers falling asleep at 13 sites on the New York 
                  Thruway were reduced by 84 percent following the 
                  installation of continuous shoulder rumble strips.
                      (B) Pennsylvania reports a reduction of guard rail 
                  or embankment accidents at 5 sites on the Pennsylvania 
                  Turnpike following rumble strip installation.
                      (C) In 1995, an expert panel consisting of 
                  university and federal researchers convened to assess 
                  the current research regarding the effectiveness of 
                  continuous shoulder rumble strips and to make 
                  recommendations about their use. The panel concluded 
                  that rumble strips reduce drift-off-the-road crashes 
                  anywhere from 15 to 70 percent depending on road type 
                  and rumble strip design being used.
  
  SEC. 3. DROWSY DRIVING EDUCATION PROGRAMS.
  
      Chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
  the end the following:
  
  ``SEC. 412. DROWSY DRIVING EDUCATION PROGRAMS.
  
      ``(a) Awards.--The Secretary may enter into contracts or 
  cooperative agreements with, and may make grants to, State highway 
  offices and other experienced drowsy driving safety organizations to 
  obtain and distribute national, State, and local drowsy driving 
  education programs and supporting educational materials.
      ``(b) Use of Funds.--Funds provided under a contract, cooperative 
  agreement, or grant under subsection (a) shall be used--
              ``(1) to implement drowsy driving programs which are 
          designed to prevent deaths and injuries due to drivers who are 
          impaired by fatigue and sleep deprivation and which--
                      ``(A) educate the public in all aspects of the 
                  dangers of driving while impaired by fatigue or 
                  drowsiness as a result of sleep deprivation, untreated 
                  sleep disorders, sedating medications, and alcohol use;
                      ``(B) educate the public to recognize the signs of 
                  fatigue while driving and how to take appropriate 
                  countermeasures to avoid fall-asleep crashes;
                      ``(C) train and retrain traffic safety 
                  professionals, police officers, fire and emergency 
                  medical personnel, and other educators in all aspects 
                  of drowsy driving prevention; and
                      ``(D) train police officers and accident 
                  reconstructionists to identify fatigue impairment among 
                  drivers and as a factor in motor vehicle crashes;
              ``(2) to develop a standardized, scientifically accurate 
          curriculum on the risks and prevention of drowsy driving and 
          fall-asleep motor vehicle crashes and take steps to--
                      ``(A) develop and integrate a drowsy driving 
                  curriculum component into all driver's education 
                  courses under the purview of a State's transportation 
                  department;
                      ``(B) ensure that State departments of 
                  transportation, health and education work together to 
                  include a drowsy driving component in all driver's 
                  education and health education curricula; and
                      ``(C) the State departments of transportation shall 
                  develop a curriculum on drowsy driving for training the 
                  instructors who teach any course covering driver 
                  education or traffic safety.
              ``(3) to consult and collaborate with existing national 
          drowsy driving campaigns to foster the distribution of 
          scientifically-based information and educational messages 
          regarding drowsy driving and fall-asleep crashes and to review 
          existing State model programs for experience and guidance;
              ``(4) to adopt formal policy statements and work plans for 
          the installation and expansion of continuous shoulder rumble 
          strips during highway resurfacing and new construction programs 
          for interstate highways and submit a report to the Secretary 
          each fiscal year describing the number of highway miles and 
          locations where continuous shoulder rumble strips have been 
          installed on their state highway system;
              ``(5) to adopt formal codes on motor vehicle accident 
          report forms to report fatigue-related or fall-asleep crashes;
              ``(6) to provide enforcement personnel training in the 
          detection and reporting of drowsy driving as a factor in motor 
          vehicle crashes; and
              ``(7) provide education programs to the police and the 
          courts regarding the sanctions available for drowsy driving 
          accidents.
      ``(c) Applications.--An entity desiring a contract, cooperative 
  agreement, or grant under subsection (a) shall submit an application to 
  the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such 
  information as the Secretary may reasonably require.
      ``(d) Reports to Secretary.--An entity which receives a contract, 
  cooperative agreement, or grant under subsection (a) shall prepare and 
  submit to the Secretary an annual report during the period in which it 
  receives funds under such contract, cooperative agreement, or grant. 
  Such a report shall contain such information as the Secretary may 
  require and shall, at a minimum, describe the program activities 
  undertaken with such funds, including--
              ``(1) any drowsy driving education program that has been 
          developed directly or indirectly by such entity and the target 
          population of such program;
              ``(2) support materials of such a program that have been 
          obtained by such entity and the method by which the entity 
          distributed such materials; and
              ``(3) any initiatives undertaken by such entity to develop 
          public-private partnerships to secure non-Federal support for 
          the development and distribution of drowsy driving education 
          programs and materials.
      ``(e) Report to Congress.--The Secretary shall prepare and submit 
  to the appropriate committees of Congress an annual report on the 
  implementation of this section, which includes a description of the 
  programs undertaken and materials developed and distributed by entities 
  receiving funds under subsection (a).
      ``(f) In this section, the following definitions apply:
              ``(1) Drowsy driver education programs.--The term `drowsy 
          driving education programs' includes publications, audiovisual, 
          presentations, and demonstrations.
              ``(2) State.--The term `State' means any State of the 
          United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
          Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American 
          Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or 
          possession of the United States.
              ``(3) State model programs.--The term `State model 
          programs' means the State of New York's Break for Safety 
          program and New York Task Force on Drowsy Driving efforts.
              ``(4) National programs.--The term `national programs' 
          means the DRIVE ALERT . . . ARRIVE ALIVE, the National Sleep 
          Foundation's Campaign on Drowsy Driving and other programs 
          operated by non-profit organizations.
              ``(5) Continuous Shoulder Rumble Strip.--The term 
          `continuous shoulder rumble strip' means raised or grooved 
          patterns inserted on the shoulder of a highway to alert drivers 
          drifting off the road that they are doing so.
      ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying 
  out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
  Secretary $5,000,000 for the National Highway Traffic Safety 
  Administration for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2008, of which not 
  more than $350,000 may be spent in any fiscal year for administrative 
  costs.''.
  
  SEC. 4. FEDERAL RESEARCH ON THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM.
  
      (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study 
  on the scope of the problem of fatigue-related automobile crashes 
  amongst the general driving public.
      (b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment 
  of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report 
  containing the results of the study.
target: Maggie's Law: National Drowsy Driving Act of 2002 - Authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to enter into agreements with, and make grants to, State highway offices and other driving safety organizations to obtain and distribute national, State, and local drowsy driving education programs and supporting materials.Directs that grant funds be used to: (1) implement programs designed to prevent deaths and injuries due to drivers who are impaired by fatigue and sleep deprivation; (2) develop a standardized curriculum on the risks and prevention of drowsy driving and fall-asleep motor vehicle crashes; (3) collaborate with national drowsy driving campaigns to distribute information and educational messages and to review existing State model programs; (4) adopt policy statements and work plans for the installation and expansion of continuous shoulder rumble strips for interstate highways; (5) adopt codes on accident report forms to report fatigue-related or fall-asleep crashes; (6) provide training in the detection and reporting of drowsy driving as a factor in motor vehicle crashes; and (7) provide education programs to the police and the courts regarding the sanctions available for drowsy driving accidents.Directs the Secretary to study the scope of the problem of fatigue-related automobile crashes.
feat_title: To amend title 23, United States Code, to provide incentives to States for the development of traffic safety programs to reduce crashes related to driver fatigue and sleep deprivation.