text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Great Lakes Pipeline Safety Act of 
  2016''.
  
  SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
  
      Congress finds that--
              (1) the Great Lakes are an invaluable national resource, 
          containing one-fifth of the world's fresh surface water and 95 
          percent of the United States freshwater supply;
              (2) over 40,000,000 people depend on the Great Lakes for 
          fresh drinking water;
              (3) the Great Lakes provide 56,000,000,000 gallons of water 
          per day for municipal, agricultural and industrial use;
              (4) there are more than 3,500 species of plants and animals 
          within the Great Lakes ecosystem;
              (5) hundreds of thousands of jobs, tied to the 
          $7,000,000,000 recreational fishing and $16,000,000,000 
          recreational boating industries, directly depend on the Great 
          Lakes;
              (6) currently, several million gallons per day of hazardous 
          liquids are transported by pipeline across various points along 
          the Great Lakes;
              (7) modeling studies by the University of Michigan in 2014 
          and 2016 have concluded that an oil spill originating from a 
          pipeline under the Straits of Mackinac would present 
          particularly severe consequences, potentially impacting over 
          700 miles of Great Lakes shoreline;
              (8) a joint NOAA-U.S. Coast Guard guidebook on oil spill 
          response planning in marine environments states that, during 
          the first 24 to 48 hours of open water exposure, most oil 
          spills become difficult to recover, burn, or chemically 
          disperse;
              (9) swift currents beneath the straits and waterways which 
          connect the Great Lakes could rapidly disperse oil spill 
          contaminants following a pipeline breach;
              (10) certain pipelines on the Great Lakes are located in 
          close proximity to municipal drinking water collection intakes 
          for millions of people; and
              (11) the United States should seek to protect the Great 
          Lakes, as a unique national asset, from unreasonable risk of 
          environmental and economic harm.
  
  SEC. 3. STUDY ON ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS TO THE GREAT LAKES.
  
      (a) Study.--Notwithstanding a pipeline integrity management 
  program, integrity management assessment schedule, or considerations by 
  the Secretary of Transportation resulting in a corrective action order 
  pursuant to section 60112 of title 49, United States Code, not later 
  than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
  shall, in consultation with the United States Coast Guard, the 
  Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Energy Regulatory 
  Commission, and other agencies as appropriate, conduct a study to 
  determine the economic and environmental risks to the Great Lakes of 
  spills or leaks of oil or other hazardous liquids in the Straits of 
  Mackinac from a rupture, breakage, or other failure of onshore, 
  underwater pipeline facilities within the Straits.
      (b) Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall--
              (1) meet the content requirements of an environmental 
          impact statement as described in part 1502 of title 40, Code of 
          Federal Regulations;
              (2) describe the potential impacts of such spills or leaks 
          to the public health or welfare, wildlife populations, 
          ecosystems, shorelines, public and private property, economic 
          activity, and water quality in the Great Lakes and connecting 
          waterways;
              (3) include an assessment of spill responses in a variety 
          of likely and worst-case spill scenarios in those waters; and
              (4) include the supplemental study conducted under 
          subsection (c).
      (c) Supplemental Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
  conduct, in collaboration with pipeline facility operators and any 
  necessary agencies, a supplemental study to evaluate the condition and 
  structural integrity of onshore, underwater pipeline facilities in the 
  Straits of Mackinac, taking into consideration the age, construction 
  materials, external and internal corrosion, weld integrity, pressure, 
  underwater currents, possible external damage caused by anchor strikes 
  or dragging by recreational or cargo vessels, and the presence of in-
  line shutoff valves. Such supplemental study shall utilize both 
  internal inspection technology and pipeline route surveys, depth of 
  cover surveys, pressure tests, external corrosion direct assessment, or 
  other technology that the operator demonstrates can further the 
  understanding of the condition of the pipeline facility.
      (d) Termination of Operation.--Not later than 18 months after the 
  date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Pipeline and 
  Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall terminate the 
  operations of an onshore, underwater pipeline facility located in the 
  Straits of Mackinac if the Administrator determines that, based on the 
  studies conducted under subsections (a) and (c), such facility poses a 
  sufficient risk of hazard to life, property, or the environment to 
  necessitate the termination.
target: Great Lakes Pipeline Safety Act of 2016 This bill directs the Department of Transportation (DOT) to conduct a study to determine the economic and environmental risks of oil or hazardous liquids spills or leaks in the Straits of Mackinac that a failure of onshore, underwater pipeline facilities within the straits would pose to the Great Lakes. In addition, DOT must evaluate the condition and structural integrity of the facilities. DOT shall terminate operations of a facility upon a determination, based on such studies, that risk of hazard to life, property, or the environment warrants termination. 
feat_title: Great Lakes Pipeline Safety Act of 2016