text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Mapping a New and Innovative Focus 
  on Our Exploration Strategy for Human Spaceflight Act of 2016'' or the 
  ``MANIFEST for Human Spaceflight Act of 2016''.
  
  SEC. 2. REAFFIRMATION OF POLICY AND FINDINGS.
  
      (a) Reaffirmation of Policy.--Congress reaffirms that the long-term 
  goal of the human space flight and exploration efforts of the National 
  Aeronautics and Space Administration shall be to expand permanent human 
  presence beyond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where practical, in a 
  manner involving international partners, as stated in section 202(a) of 
  the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
  2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(a)).
      (b) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
              (1) In accordance with section 204 of the National 
          Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
          (Public Law 111-267; 124 Stat. 2813), the National Academy of 
          Sciences, through its Committee on Human Spaceflight, conducted 
          a review of the goals, core capabilities, and direction of 
          human space flight, and published the findings and 
          recommendations in a 2014 report entitled ``Pathways to 
          Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of 
          Human Space Exploration''.
              (2) The Committee on Human Spaceflight included leaders 
          from the aerospace, scientific, security, and policy 
          communities. With input from the public, the Committee on Human 
          Spaceflight concluded that many practical and aspirational 
          rationales together constitute a compelling case for human 
          space exploration. These rationales include economic benefits, 
          national security, national prestige, inspiring students and 
          other citizens, scientific discovery, human survival, and a 
          sense of shared destiny.
              (3) The Committee on Human Spaceflight affirmed that Mars 
          is the appropriate long-term goal for the human space flight 
          program.
              (4) The Committee on Human Spaceflight recommended that the 
          National Aeronautics and Space Administration define a series 
          of sustainable steps and conduct mission planning and 
          technology development as needed to achieve the long-term goal 
          of placing humans on the surface of Mars.
  
  SEC. 3. HUMAN EXPLORATION STRATEGY.
  
      (a) Human Exploration of Mars.--Section 202(b) of the National 
  Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
  U.S.C. 18312(b)) is amended--
              (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the end;
              (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
          inserting ``; and''; and
              (3) by adding at the end the following:
              ``(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars, including the 
          establishment of a capability to extend human presence to the 
          surface of Mars.''.
      (b) Exploration Strategy.--
              (1) In general.--In accordance with this subsection, the 
          Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
          Administration shall submit an interim report and final report 
          setting forth a strategy to achieve the objective in paragraph 
          (5) of section 202(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
          Administration Authorization Act of 2010, as amended by 
          subsection (a) of this section, through a series of successive, 
          sustainable, free-standing, but complementary missions making 
          robust utilization of cis-lunar space and employing the Space 
          Launch System, Orion crew capsule, and other capabilities 
          provided under titles III, IV, V, and IX of that Act (42 U.S.C. 
          18301 et seq.).
              (2) Strategy requirements.--In developing the strategy 
          under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall include--
                      (A) the utility of an expanded human presence in 
                  cis-lunar space toward enabling missions to various 
                  lunar orbits, the lunar surface, asteroids, Mars, the 
                  moons of Mars, and other destinations of interest for 
                  future human exploration and development;
                      (B) the utility of an expanded human presence in 
                  cis-lunar space for economic, scientific, and 
                  technological advances;
                      (C) the opportunities for collaboration with--
                              (i) international partners;
                              (ii) private industry; and
                              (iii) other Federal agencies, including 
                          missions relevant to national security or 
                          scientific needs;
                      (D) the opportunities specifically afforded by the 
                  International Space Station (ISS) to support high 
                  priority scientific research and technological 
                  developments useful in expanding and sustaining a human 
                  presence in cis-lunar space and beyond;
                      (E) a range of exploration mission architectures 
                  and approaches for the missions identified under 
                  paragraph (1), including capabilities for the Orion 
                  crew capsule and the Space Launch System;
                      (F) a comparison of architectures and approaches 
                  based on--
                              (i) assessed value of factors including 
                          cost effectiveness, schedule resiliency, 
                          safety, sustainability, and opportunities for 
                          international collaboration;
                              (ii) the extent to which certain 
                          architectures and approaches may enable new 
                          markets and opportunities for United States 
                          private industry, provide compelling 
                          opportunities for scientific discovery and 
                          technological excellence, sustain United States 
                          competitiveness and leadership, and address 
                          critical national security considerations and 
                          requirements; and
                              (iii) the flexibility of such architectures 
                          and approaches to adjust to evolving 
                          technologies, partners, priorities, and budget 
                          projections and constraints;
                      (G) measures for setting standards for ensuring 
                  crew health and safety, including limits regarding 
                  radiation exposure and countermeasures necessary to 
                  meet those limits, means and methods for addressing 
                  urgent medical conditions or injuries, and other such 
                  safety, health, and medical issues that can be 
                  anticipated in the conduct of the missions identified 
                  under paragraph (1);
                      (H) a description of crew training needs and 
                  capabilities (including space suits and life support 
                  systems) necessary to support the conduct of missions 
                  identified under paragraph (1);
                      (I) a detailed plan for prioritizing and phasing 
                  near-term intermediate destinations and missions 
                  identified under paragraph (1);
                      (J) an assessment of the recommendations of the 
                  report prepared in compliance with section 204 of the 
                  National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                  Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267; 124 
                  Stat. 2813), including a detailed explanation of how 
                  the Administrator has ensured such recommendations have 
                  been, to the extent practicable, incorporated into the 
                  strategy under paragraph (1); and
                      (K) technical information as needed to identify 
                  interest from potential stakeholder or partner 
                  communities.
              (3) Independent review.--
                      (A) In general.--The Administrator shall enter into 
                  an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences to 
                  review and comment on each interim report pursuant to 
                  paragraph (1). Under the arrangement, the National 
                  Academy of Sciences shall review each interim report on 
                  the strategy described in paragraph (1) and identify 
                  the following:
                              (i) Matters in such interim report agreed 
                          upon by the National Academy of Sciences.
                              (ii) Matters in such interim report raising 
                          concerns for the National Academy of Sciences.
                              (iii) Such further recommendations with 
                          respect to matters covered by such interim 
                          report as the National Academy of Sciences 
                          considers appropriate.
                      (B) Timing of review and comment.--The 
                  Administrator shall ensure that the review and comment 
                  on an interim report provided for pursuant to 
                  subparagraph (A) is conducted in a timely manner to 
                  comply with the requirements of this subsection and, to 
                  the maximum extent practicable, to facilitate the 
                  incorporation of the comments of the National Academy 
                  of Sciences pursuant to subparagraph (A) into the 
                  applicable final report required by this subsection.
              (4) Deadlines.--
                      (A) Interim reports.--Not later than 90 days after 
                  the date of the enactment of this Act, and not less 
                  than every five years thereafter, the Administrator 
                  shall submit to the National Academy of Sciences an 
                  interim report on the strategy required by paragraph 
                  (1) in order to facilitate the independent review and 
                  comment on the strategy as provided for by paragraph 
                  (3).
                      (B) Final reports.--Not later than one year after 
                  the date of the enactment of this Act, and not less 
                  than every five years thereafter, the Administrator 
                  shall submit to Congress a final report on the strategy 
                  required by paragraph (1), which shall include and 
                  incorporate the response of the National Academy of 
                  Sciences to the most recent interim report pursuant to 
                  paragraph (3).
target: Mapping a New and Innovative Focus on Our Exploration Strategy for Human Spaceflight Act of 2016 or the MANIFEST for Human Spaceflight Act of 2016 This bill amends the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 to make it a key U.S. objective to achieve human exploration of Mars, including the establishment of a capability to extend human presence to the surface of Mars.  The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shall report a strategy to achieve such objective through a series of successive, sustainable, free-standing, but complementary missions making robust use of cislunar space and employing the Space Launch System, Orion crew capsule, and other capabilities provided under specified titles of the Act.  NASA shall arrange with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to review and comment on each interim report on the strategy and identify matters the NAS agrees with and matters raising NAS concerns, as well as any NAS recommendations.
feat_title: MANIFEST for Human Spaceflight Act of 2016