text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Fusion Energy Research Authorization 
  Act of 1994''.
  
  SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
  
      The Congress finds that--
              (1) by the year 2050, the world will need to supply between 
          2 and 3 times as much energy as is presently produced to meet 
          minimum requirements for food, shelter, transportation, and 
          economic security;
              (2) meeting the increased energy demands of the year 2050 
          cannot be achieved without substantial environmental 
          degradation unless there is a massive shift from dependence on 
          the fossil fuels which today provide more than three-quarters 
          of all energy supply;
              (3) a wide variety of nonfossil fuel energy technologies 
          must be developed to meet the expected demand of the year 2050;
              (4) the Federal Government has a responsibility to fund 
          research in energy technologies to help meet future expected 
          energy demand where the technical or economic risks of 
          developing such technologies are too high to be borne solely by 
          the private sector;
              (5) despite the urgent need to develop a wide variety of 
          nonfossil fuel energy technologies, the Federal Government's 
          investment in all energy supply research and development 
          (including fossil fuels) has declined in real terms by more 
          than two-thirds in the last 14 years;
              (6) fusion energy is one of the nonfossil fuel technologies 
          which could potentially provide safe, abundant, environmentally 
          sound, secure, and affordable energy supplies in the future;
              (7) in the last 16 years, fusion energy researchers have 
          made significant progress toward realizing magnetic fusion as a 
          viable source of energy, increasing power production from test 
          reactors more than a million-fold over that time period;
              (8) while significant engineering, technical, and 
          scientific challenges remain to make fusion energy commercially 
          viable, limited funding remains the primary constraint to more 
          rapid progress;
              (9) the technical risks and the long time scale needed to 
          demonstrate the commercial viability of fusion energy will 
          likely require a stable, predictable, and sustained investment 
          of government funding for decades to come;
              (10) while magnetic fusion is the leading fusion 
          technology, research on alternative fusion concepts should 
          continue to be supported;
              (11) opportunities to participate in international fusion 
          experiments can dramatically lower the cost to the Federal 
          Government of fusion energy research;
              (12) the United States must demonstrate that it is a 
          credible partner in international scientific programs by being 
          able to make and keep long-term commitments to funding and 
          participation; and
              (13) the United States should commit to participating in 
          the siting, construction, and operation of ITER as soon as 
          practicable.
  
  SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
  
      The purposes of this Act are to--
              (1) provide direction and authorize appropriations for a 
          broadly based fusion energy research program at the Department 
          of Energy which includes development of the magnetic fusion 
          program and research on alternative fusion concepts;
              (2) provide an accelerated commitment to United States 
          participation in ITER and provide authorization of 
          appropriations for such activity contingent on meeting program 
          milestones;
              (3) provide for the selection of a host country and 
          establish a site selection process for ITER; and
              (4) provide a stable basis of funding for multi-year fusion 
          energy research facility construction commitments through the 
          establishment of a trust fund.
  
  SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.
  
      For purposes of this Act--
              (1) the term ``alternative fusion concepts'' means any 
          concepts for the production of energy based on the fusing of 
          atomic nuclei other than toroidal magnetic fusion concepts, 
          including heavy ion inertial fusion, aneutronic fusion, and 
          electrostatic fusion;
              (2) the term ``Department'' means the Department of Energy;
              (3) the term ``Fusion Energy Research Program'' means the 
          program described in section 5;
              (4) the term ``international partners'' means the United 
          States, the European Atomic Energy Community, Japan, and the 
          Russian Federation;
              (5) the term ``ITER'' means the International Thermonuclear 
          Experimental Reactor;
              (6) the term ``magnetic fusion'' means fusion based on 
          toroidal confinement concepts;
              (7) the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Energy; 
          and
              (8) the term ``Tokamak Physics Experiment'' means a 
          facility to replace the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor which is 
          designed to be capable of conducting experiments on reactions 
          with a pulse length of at least 15 minutes and demonstrating a 
          more compact and efficient magnetic fusion reactor design.
  
  SEC. 5. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH PROGRAM.
  
      (a) Fusion Program.--The Secretary shall carry out in accordance 
  with the provisions of this Act a Fusion Energy Research Program, 
  including research, development, and demonstration to demonstrate the 
  technical and economic feasibility of producing safe, environmentally 
  sound, and affordable energy from fusion.
      (b) Program Goals.--The goal of the Fusion Energy Research Program 
  is to demonstrate by the year 2010 the practicability of commercial 
  electric power production and to lead to commercial production of 
  fusion energy by the year 2040.
      (c) Program Elements.--The Fusion Energy Research Program shall 
  consist of the following elements:
              (1) Research, development, and demonstration on magnetic 
          fusion energy technology, including--
                      (A) research on plasma physics and control, 
                  confinement, ignition, and burning;
                      (B) the design, construction, and operation of 
                  experimental fusion reactors, including the Tokamak 
                  Physics Experiment, and the development of special 
                  materials for such reactors, the facilities to develop 
                  such materials, and the development of components which 
                  support the operation of such reactors, such as 
                  diagnostic and remote maintenance equipment; and
                      (C) participation by the United States industrial 
                  sector in the design and construction of fusion 
                  reactors, and cooperation with utilities.
              (2) Research, development, and demonstration of alternative 
          fusion concepts, to be administered through an Assistant 
          Director for Alternative Fusion Research, including research 
          and development needed to build and test an Induction Linac 
          Systems Experiment for the purpose of developing heavy ion 
          inertial fusion energy.
              (3) Participation in the design, construction, and 
          operation of ITER with the goal of ITER becoming operational by 
          the year 2005.
  
  SEC. 6. INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF FUSION TECHNOLOGIES.
  
      Within 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
  Secretary shall contract with the National Academy of Sciences to 
  conduct a study which examines the various magnetic fusion technologies 
  and alternative fusion concepts to assess their current state of 
  development, evaluates the potential of such technologies and concepts 
  to become commercially viable sources of energy in the future, and 
  identifies the research and development goals and priorities, and the 
  range of probable costs and time scales, needed to achieve commercial 
  viability.
  
  SEC. 7. ITER SITE SELECTION PROCESS.
  
      (a) ITER Study and Report.--Within 120 days after the date of 
  enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a study 
  which compares the technical and scientific advantages and 
  disadvantages and the economic costs and benefits to the United States 
  of siting ITER in the United States with siting ITER outside of the 
  United States. Such study shall include the consideration of the impact 
  on employment of constructing ITER in the United States, the effect of 
  manufacturing major ITER subsystems (such as superconducting magnets) 
  in the United States, and the effect of siting ITER in the United 
  States on United States funding requirements for participation in ITER.
      (b) Host-Country Selection.--The Secretary shall seek to reach an 
  agreement with the international partners which provides for--
              (1) the selection of a host country in which to site ITER 
          by October, 1995;
              (2) the equitable distribution of economic and 
          technological benefits among the international partners, 
          including the construction of ITER and related facilities and 
          the manufacture of major ITER subsystems;
              (3) substantial United States industry and utility 
          involvement in the design, construction, and operation of ITER 
          to ensure United States industry and utility expertise in the 
          technologies developed; and
              (4) a schedule to complete site-specific design activities 
          by 1998.
      (c) United States Site Selection.--The Secretary shall--
              (1) immediately initiate a process for identifying 
          candidate sites within the United States which meet the site 
          requirements for the construction and operation of ITER; and
              (2) propose within 90 days after the date of enactment of 
          this Act a process for selection of a site within the United 
          States by June, 1996, if the United States is selected as the 
          host country for ITER pursuant to the international agreement 
          described in subsection (b).
      (d) Final Cost Estimate.--The Secretary shall provide to Congress 
  within 90 days following the completion of site-specific design 
  activities a detailed estimate of the final projected total cost and 
  cost to the United States of the construction and operation of ITER 
  based on final site-specific engineering and construction designs.
  
  SEC. 8. REPORTS AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
  
      (a) Contingency Plan.--Within 120 days after the date of enactment 
  of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
  feasibility of conducting a parallel design effort on the Tokamak 
  Physics Experiment to augment the capabilities of the Tokamak Physics 
  Experiment in the event that an international agreement cannot be 
  reached on the site selection or construction of ITER.
      (b) Program Report.--Within 180 days after the date of enactment of 
  this Act, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare and 
  submit to the Congress a report on the Fusion Energy Research Program 
  and the progress it has made in meeting the goals and requirements of 
  this Act.
      (c) Coordination With Defense Fusion Research Programs.--(1) The 
  Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, coordinate the 
  research and development activities of the civilian Inertial Fusion 
  Energy Program and the defense Inertial Confinement Fusion Program to 
  maximize the benefits to both programs.
      (2) Within 120 days after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, 
  in conjunction with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit a report to 
  Congress with recommendations for sharing budget and other resources in 
  order to enhance the civilian energy applications of the defense 
  Inertial Confinement Fusion Program.
      (d) Repeal.--Section 2114 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Public 
  Law 102-486) is repealed.
  
  SEC. 9. UNIVERSITY RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
  
      The Secretary shall combine the Nuclear Engineering Research and 
  Education Program, the University Research Reactor Program, and the 
  University Reactor Fuel Assistance Program to form a new University 
  Radiation Science and Technology Program to be included as a separate 
  and distinct part of the University and Science Education Program of 
  the Department.
  
  SEC. 10. FUSION ENERGY FACILITY FUND.
  
      (a) Establishment of Fees.--The Secretary shall establish a fee, 
  payable by persons who sell electricity for ultimate consumption, at a 
  rate of 0.1 mills per kilowatt hour.
      (b) Collection.--The Secretary shall establish procedures for the 
  collection of such fees. The Secretary may use the services of any 
  Federal, State, or local agency or instrumentality to collect such 
  fees, and may reimburse such agency or instrumentality a reasonable 
  amount for such services.
      (c) Use of Funds.--Funds received under this section shall be 
  deposited in a separate account in the Treasury, and shall be used, to 
  the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts, only for the 
  design, engineering, and construction of ITER, facilities related to 
  ITER (including a materials testing facility and a blanket testing 
  facility) and the Tokamak Physics Experiment.
      (d) Termination of Fees.--The authority to assess and collect fees 
  under this section shall expire at the earlier of--
              (1) the achievement of a balance in the account established 
          under subsection (c) sufficient in the judgment of the 
          Secretary to satisfy the obligations of the United States in 
          the design, engineering, and construction described in 
          subsection (c); or
              (2) the completion of ITER construction.
  
  SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
  
      (a) Fusion Energy Research Program.--There are authorized to be 
  appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out the Fusion Energy 
  Research Program $380,000,000 for fiscal 1995, $425,000,000 for fiscal 
  year 1996, $475,000,000 for fiscal year 1997, and such sums as may be 
  necessary thereafter.
      (b) Alternative Fusion Research.--From the sums authorized in 
  subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
  Secretary for carrying out the Alternative Fusion Research Program 
  under section 5(c)(2), $26,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, $31,000,000 
  for fiscal year 1996, $31,000,000 for fiscal year 1997, and such sums 
  as may be necessary thereafter.
      (c) Tokamak Physics Experiment.--The total amount to be 
  appropriated for the complete design, development, and construction of 
  the Tokamak Physics Experiment shall not exceed $700,000,000.
      (d) University Radiation Science and Technology Program.--There are 
  authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out the 
  University Radiation Science and Technology Program $25,000,000 for 
  fiscal year 1995, $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, $25,000,000 for 
  fiscal year 1997, and such sums as may be necessary thereafter.
      (e) Construction of ITER.--No funds are authorized for the 
  construction of ITER until the Secretary certifies to the Congress that 
  there is an international agreement that meets the requirements of 
  section 7(b), and until the report required under section 7(d) is 
  provided to Congress.
      (f) Limitation on Magnetic Fusion Facilities.--No funds are 
  authorized for the design, engineering, or construction of any magnetic 
  fusion facility other than ITER, facilities related to ITER (including 
  a materials testing facility and a blanket testing facility) and the 
  Tokamak Physics Experiment.
target: Fusion Energy Research Authorization Act of 1994 - Directs the Secretary of Energy to implement a Fusion Energy Research Program to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of producing safe, environmentally sound, and affordable energy from fusion. 
  Prescribes program goals and elements. 
  Directs the Secretary to contract with the National Academy of Sciences to review various magnetic fusion technologies and alternative fusion concepts with respect to their commercial viability. 
  Instructs the Secretary to:  (1) submit a comparisons study to the Congress regarding the siting of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER); (2) seek to reach an agreement with international partners to select a host country for ITER; (3) initiate a process to identify candidate sites for ITER within the United States; and (4) provide within a certain time period a detailed estimate to the Congress of final ITER project costs. 
  Directs the Secretary to submit reports to the Congress on:  (1) a parallel design effort on the Tokamak Physics Experiment; (2) the Fusion Energy Research Program; and (3) resource sharing with the Secretary of Defense to enhance the civilian energy applications of the Defense Inertial Confinement Fusion Program. 
  Repeals the five-year fusion energy program established under the Energy Policy Act of 1992. 
  Directs the Secretary to form a new University Radiation Science and Technology Program comprised of:  (1) the Nuclear Engineering Research and Education Program; (2) the University Research Reactor Program; and (3) the University Reactor Fuel Assistance Program. 
  Directs the Secretary to establish a fee collection program for certain ITER purposes and the Tokamak Physics Experiment. 
  Authorizes appropriations for:  (1) the Alternative Fusion Research Program; (2) the Tokamak Physics Experiment; and (3) the University Radiation Science and Technology Program. 
  Sets limitations upon funding for ITER construction and for magnetic fusion facilities.
feat_title: Fusion Energy Research Authorization Act of 1994