text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Energy and Water Integration Act of 
  2009''.
  
  SEC. 2. ENERGY WATER NEXUS STUDY.
  
      (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
  of this Act, the Secretary of Energy (referred to in this Act as the 
  ``Secretary''), in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and 
  the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall enter 
  into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences under which 
  the Academy shall conduct an in-depth analysis of the impact of energy 
  development and production on the water resources of the United States.
      (b) Scope of Study.--
              (1) In general.--The study described in subsection (a) 
          shall be comprised of each assessment described in paragraphs 
          (2) through (4).
              (2) Transportation sector assessment.--
                      (A) In general.--The study shall include a 
                  lifecycle assessment of the quantity of water withdrawn 
                  and consumed in the production of transportation fuels, 
                  or electricity, to evaluate the ratio that--
                              (i) the quantity of water withdrawn and 
                          consumed in the production of transportation 
                          fuels (measured in gallons), or electricity 
                          (measured in kilowatts); bears to
                              (ii) the total distance (measured in miles) 
                          that may be traveled as a result of the 
                          consumption of transportation fuels, or 
                          electricity.
                      (B) Scope of assessment.--
                              (i) In general.--The assessment shall 
                          include, as applicable--
                                      (I) the exploration for, and 
                                  extraction or growing of, energy 
                                  feedstock;
                                      (II) the processing of energy 
                                  feedstock into transportation fuel;
                                      (III) the generation, 
                                  transportation, and storage of 
                                  electricity for transportation; and
                                      (IV) the conduct of an analysis of 
                                  the efficiency with which the 
                                  transportation fuel is consumed.
                              (ii) Fuels.--The assessment shall contain 
                          an analysis of transportation fuel sources, 
                          including--
                                      (I) domestically produced crude oil 
                                  (including products derived from 
                                  domestically produced crude oil);
                                      (II) imported crude oil (including 
                                  products derived from imported crude 
                                  oil);
                                      (III) domestically produced natural 
                                  gas (including liquid fuels derived 
                                  from natural gas);
                                      (IV) imported natural gas 
                                  (including liquid fuels derived from 
                                  natural gas);
                                      (V) oil shale;
                                      (VI) tar sands;
                                      (VII) domestically produced corn-
                                  based ethanol;
                                      (VIII) imported corn-based ethanol;
                                      (IX) advanced biofuels (including 
                                  cellulosic- and algae-based biofuels);
                                      (X) coal to liquids (including 
                                  aviation fuel, diesel, and gasoline 
                                  products);
                                      (XI) electricity consumed in--
                                              (aa) fully electric drive 
                                          vehicles; and
                                              (bb) plug-in hybrid 
                                          vehicles;
                                      (XII) hydrogen; and
                                      (XIII) any reasonably foreseeable 
                                  combination of any transportation fuel 
                                  source described in subclauses (I) 
                                  through (XII).
              (3) Electricity sector assessment.--
                      (A) In general.--The study shall include a 
                  lifecycle assessment of the quantity of water withdrawn 
                  and consumed in the production of electricity to 
                  evaluate the ratio that--
                              (i) the quantity of water used and consumed 
                          in the production of electricity (measured in 
                          gallons); bears to
                              (ii) the quantity of electricity that is 
                          produced (measured in kilowatt-hours).
                      (B) Scope of assessment.--The assessment shall 
                  include, as applicable--
                              (i) the exploration for, or extraction or 
                          growing of, energy feedstock;
                              (ii) the processing of energy feedstock for 
                          electricity production; and
                              (iii) the production of electricity.
                      (C) Generation types.--The assessment shall contain 
                  an evaluation and analysis of electricity generation 
                  facilities that are constructed in accordance with 
                  different plant designs (including different cooling 
                  technologies such as water, air, and hybrid systems, 
                  and technologies designed to minimize carbon dioxide 
                  releases) based on the fuel used by the facility, 
                  including--
                              (i) coal;
                              (ii) natural gas;
                              (iii) oil;
                              (iv) nuclear energy;
                              (v) solar energy;
                              (vi) wind energy;
                              (vii) geothermal energy;
                              (viii) biomass;
                              (ix) the beneficial use of waste heat; and
                              (x) any reasonably foreseeable combination 
                          of any fuel described in clauses (i) through 
                          (ix).
              (4) Assessment of additional impacts.--In addition to the 
          impacts associated with the direct use and consumption of water 
          resources in the transportation and electricity sectors 
          described in paragraphs (2) and (3), the study shall contain an 
          identification and analysis of any unique water impact 
          associated with a specific fuel source, including an impact 
          resulting from--
                      (A) any extraction or mining practice;
                      (B) the transportation of feedstocks from the point 
                  of extraction to the point of processing;
                      (C) the transportation of fuel and power from the 
                  point of processing to the point of consumption; and
                      (D) the location of a specific fuel source that is 
                  limited to 1 or more specific geographical regions.
      (c) Report to Secretary.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
  of enactment of this Act, the National Academy of Sciences shall submit 
  to the Secretary a report that contains a summary of the results of the 
  study conducted under this section.
      (d) Availability of Results of Study.--On the date on which the 
  National Academy of Sciences completes the study under this section, 
  the National Academy of Sciences shall make available to the public the 
  results of the study.
      (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
  appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
  this section.
  
  SEC. 3. POWER PLANT WATER AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY.
  
      (a) In General.--To protect water supplies and promote the 
  efficient use of water in the electricity production sector, the 
  Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the 
  Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a 
  study to identify the best available technologies and related 
  strategies to maximize water and energy efficiency in the production of 
  electricity by each type of generation.
      (b) Generation Types.--The study shall include an evaluation of 
  different types of generation facilities, including--
              (1) coal facilities, under which the evaluation shall 
          account for--
                      (A) different types of coal and associated 
                  generating technologies; and
                      (B) the use of technologies designed to minimize 
                  and sequester carbon dioxide releases;
              (2) oil and natural gas facilities, under which the 
          evaluation shall account for the use of technologies designed 
          to minimize and sequester carbon dioxide releases;
              (3) hydropower, including turbine upgrades, incremental 
          hydropower, in-stream hydropower, and pump-storage projects;
              (4) thermal solar facilities; and
              (5) nuclear facilities.
      (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
  enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
  committees of Congress a report that contains a description of the 
  results of the study conducted under this section.
      (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
  appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
  this section, to remain available until expended.
  
  SEC. 4. WATER CONSERVATION AND ENERGY SAVINGS STUDY.
  
      (a) Definitions.--In this section:
              (1) Major reclamation project.--The term ``major 
          Reclamation project'' means a multipurpose project authorized 
          by the Federal Government and carried out by the Bureau of 
          Reclamation.
              (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
          of the Interior, acting through the Commissioner of 
          Reclamation.
      (b) Study.--
              (1) In general.--In accordance with paragraph (2), to 
          promote the efficient use of energy in water distribution 
          systems, the Secretary shall conduct a study to evaluate the 
          quantities of energy used in water storage and delivery 
          operations in major Reclamation projects.
              (2) Elements.--In conducting the study, the Secretary 
          shall--
                      (A) with respect to each major Reclamation 
                  project--
                              (i) assess and estimate the annual energy 
                          consumption associated with the major 
                          Reclamation project; and
                              (ii) identify--
                                      (I) each major Reclamation project 
                                  that consumes the greatest quantity of 
                                  energy; and
                                      (II) the aspect of the operation of 
                                  each major Reclamation project 
                                  described in subclause (I) that is the 
                                  most energy intensive (including water 
                                  storage and releases, water delivery, 
                                  and administrative operations); and
                      (B) identify opportunities to significantly reduce 
                  current energy consumption and costs with respect to 
                  each major Reclamation project described in 
                  subparagraph (A), including, as applicable, through--
                              (i) reduced groundwater pumping;
                              (ii) improved reservoir operations;
                              (iii) infrastructure rehabilitation;
                              (iv) water reuse; and
                              (v) the integration of renewable energy 
                          generation with project operations.
      (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
  enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
  committees of Congress a report that contains a description of the 
  results of the study conducted under this section.
      (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
  appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
  this section, to remain available until expended.
  
  SEC. 5. BRACKISH GROUNDWATER NATIONAL DESALINATION RESEARCH FACILITY.
  
      (a) Definitions.--In this section:
              (1) Facility.--The term ``facility'' means the Brackish 
          Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility, located in 
          Otero County, New Mexico.
              (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
          of the Interior.
      (b) Duty of Secretary.--The Secretary shall operate, manage, and 
  maintain the facility to carry out research, development, and 
  demonstration activities to develop technologies and methods that 
  promote brackish groundwater desalination as a viable method to 
  increase water supply in a cost-effective manner.
      (c) Objectives; Activities.--
              (1) Objectives.--The Secretary shall operate and manage the 
          facility as a state-of-the-art desalination research center--
                      (A) to develop new water and energy technologies 
                  with widespread applicability; and
                      (B) to create new supplies of usable water for 
                  municipal, agricultural, industrial, or environmental 
                  purposes.
              (2) Activities.--In operating, managing, and maintaining 
          the facility under subsection (b), the Secretary shall carry 
          out--
                      (A) as a priority, the development of renewable 
                  energy technologies for integration with desalination 
                  technologies--
                              (i) to reduce the capital and operational 
                          costs of desalination;
                              (ii) to minimize the environmental impacts 
                          of desalination; and
                              (iii) to increase public acceptance of 
                          desalination as a viable water supply process;
                      (B) research regarding various desalination 
                  processes, including improvements in reverse and 
                  forward osmosis technologies;
                      (C) the development of innovative methods and 
                  technologies to reduce the volume and cost of 
                  desalination concentrated wastes in an environmentally 
                  sound manner;
                      (D) an outreach program to create partnerships with 
                  States, academic institutions, private entities, and 
                  other appropriate organizations to conduct research, 
                  development, and demonstration activities, including 
                  the establishment of rental and other charges to 
                  provide revenue to help offset the costs of operating 
                  and maintaining the facility; and
                      (E) an outreach program to educate the public on--
                              (i) desalination and renewable energy 
                          technologies; and
                              (ii) the benefits of using water in an 
                          efficient manner.
      (d) Authority of Secretary.--The Secretary may enter into contracts 
  or other agreements with, or make grants to, appropriate entities to 
  carry out this section, including an agreement with an academic 
  institution to manage research activities at the facility.
      (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
  appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section, to 
  remain available until expended.
  
  SEC. 6. ENHANCED INFORMATION ON WATER-RELATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
  
      Section 205 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
  7135) is amended by adding at the end the following:
      ``(n) Water-Related Energy Consumption.--
              ``(1) In general.--Not less than once during each 3-year 
          period, to aid in the understanding and reduction of the 
          quantity of energy consumed in association with the use of 
          water, the Administrator shall conduct an assessment under 
          which the Administrator shall collect information on energy 
          consumption in various sectors of the economy that are 
          associated with the acquisition, treatment, or delivery of 
          water.
              ``(2) Required sectors.--An assessment described in 
          paragraph (1) shall contain an analysis of water-related energy 
          consumption for all relevant sectors of the economy, including 
          water used for--
                      ``(A) agricultural purposes;
                      ``(B) municipal purposes;
                      ``(C) industrial purposes; and
                      ``(D) domestic purposes.
              ``(3) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection affects the 
          authority of the Administrator to collect data under section 52 
          of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 
          790a).''.
  
  SEC. 7. ENERGY-WATER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP.
  
      (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
  of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a document to be known as the 
  ``Energy-Water Research and Development Roadmap'' to define the future 
  research, development, demonstration, and commercialization efforts 
  that are required to address emerging water-related challenges to 
  future, cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable energy generation and 
  production.
      (b) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of 
  this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
  Congress a report describing the document described in subsection (a), 
  including recommendations for any future action with respect to the 
  document.
target: Energy and Water Integration Act of 2009 - Directs the Secretary of Energy (the Secretary) to enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct an in-depth analysis of the impact of energy development and production on U.S. water resources. Requires the study to include a lifecycle assessment of the quantity of water withdrawn and consumed in the production of transportation fuels or electricity.
  
  Requires the Secretary to conduct a study to identify the best available technologies and related strategies to maximize water and energy efficiency in the production of electricity by each type of generation (coal, oil and natural gas, hydropower, thermal solar, and nuclear).
  
  Directs the Secretary of the Interior: (1) acting through the Commissioner of Reclamation, to conduct a study to evaluate the quantities of energy used in water storage and delivery operations in major reclamation projects; and (2) to operate, manage, and maintain the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in Otero County, New Mexico, to carry out research, development, and demonstration activities to develop technologies and methods that promote brackish groundwater desalination as a viable method to increase water supply in a cost-effective manner.
  
  Amends the Department of Energy Organization Act to require the Administrator of the Energy Information Administration to conduct an assessment of energy consumption in various sectors of the economy that are associated with the acquisition, treatment, or delivery of water.
  
  Requires the Secretary to develop an Energy-Water Research and Development Roadmap.
feat_title: A bill to provide for the conduct of an in-depth analysis of the impact of energy development and production on the water resources of the United States, and for other purposes.