text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Family Foreclosure Rescue 
  Corporation Act''.
  
  SEC. 2. PURPOSES.
  
      The purposes of this Act are to provide emergency relief with 
  respect to home mortgage indebtedness through the establishment of a 
  corporation to directly refinance home mortgages to homeowners 
  currently in foreclosure, serious default, or with a reasonable 
  expectation of imminent, sustained default and--
              (1) to extend relief to the owners of homes occupied by 
          them and who are unable to amortize their debt elsewhere, 
          including those homeowners whose outstanding mortgage 
          indebtedness exceeds the value of their home due to recent 
          declines in the housing market;
              (2) to provide necessary funds for refinancing without 
          reliance on liquidity and credit availability in private 
          markets;
              (3) to stabilize neighborhoods by reducing foreclosures and 
          the downward impact on house prices created by the threat of 
          widespread foreclosure;
              (4) to encourage loan originators and servicers to modify 
          the terms of existing non-performing loans to obligations that 
          borrowers can reasonably repay;
              (5) to provide mortgage assistance in an efficient manner 
          at minimal to no cost to the taxpayer, with corporate profits 
          returned to the Treasury of the United States; and
              (6) to minimize the impacts of the current mortgage crisis 
          on the broader economy.
  
  SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
  
      For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
              (1) Corporation.--The term ``Corporation'' means the Family 
          Foreclosure Rescue Corporation established under section 4.
              (2) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Board of Directors 
          of the Corporation.
              (3) Home mortgage.--The term ``home mortgage'' means a 
          first mortgage on real estate--
                      (A)(i) in fee simple, upon which there is located a 
                  dwelling for not more than four families;
                      (ii) on a leasehold under a renewable lease for not 
                  less than 99 years, upon which there is located a 
                  dwelling for not more than four families; or
                      (iii) that is a single unit in a condominium; and
                      (B) has a value not exceeding the lower of--
                              (i) 125 percent of the local area median 
                          home price; or
                              (ii) 175 percent of the dollar amount 
                          limitation for a single-family residence then 
                          in effect under section 305(a)(2) of the 
                          Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 
                          U.S.C. 1454(a)(2)) .
              (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
          of the Treasury.
  
  SEC. 4. ESTABLISHMENT.
  
      The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish a corporation to be 
  known as the Family Foreclosure Rescue Corporation, which shall be an 
  instrumentality of the United States, and which shall have authority to 
  sue and to be sued in any court of competent jurisdiction, Federal or 
  State.
  
  SEC. 5. BOARD.
  
      (a) In General.--The Corporation shall be under the direction of a 
  Board of Directors and shall be operated by the Board under such 
  bylaws, rules, and regulations as the Board may prescribe for the 
  accomplishment of the purposes and intent of this Act.
      (b) Members.--The Board shall consist of seven members, as follows:
              (1) Two of the members shall be appointed by the President.
              (2) Four of the members shall be appointed by President 
          from among a list of 10 nominees selected jointly by the 
          Speaker of the House of Representatives and the majority leader 
          of the Senate.
              (3) The Secretary shall serve as an ex officio member of 
          the Board.
  
  SEC. 6. CAPITAL STOCK.
  
      (a) In General.--The Corporation shall have capital stock 
  subscribed to by the Secretary on behalf of the United States 
  Government in such amount as the Secretary may determine to be 
  appropriate, to the extent provided in advance in an appropriation Act 
  for any fiscal year, but not to exceed in the aggregate $200,000,000.
      (b) Certificates.--Certificates evidencing shares of nonvoting 
  capital stock of the Corporation shall be issued by the Corporation to 
  the Secretary, to the extent of payments made for the capital stock of 
  the Corporation.
      (c) Public Debt Transaction.--For the purpose of purchasing shares 
  of capital stock of the Corporation, the Secretary may use as a public-
  debt transaction the proceeds of any securities issued under chapter 31 
  of title 31, United States Code.
  
  SEC. 7. BORROWING.
  
      (a) Issuance.--The Corporation may issue bonds in an aggregate 
  amount not to exceed $150,000,000,000, which may be sold by the 
  Corporation to obtain funds for carrying out the purposes of this Act, 
  or exchanged as hereinafter provided. Such bonds shall be issued in 
  such denominations as the Board shall prescribe, shall mature within a 
  period of not more than 30 years from the date of their issue, shall 
  bear interest at a rate not to exceed 5 percent annually, and shall be 
  fully and unconditionally guaranteed as to principal and interest by 
  the United States, and such guaranty shall be expressed on the face 
  thereof.
      (b) Payment.--The Corporation shall make bond payments of accrued 
  interest plus principal in the amount sufficient to return the 
  principal within a period not to exceed 30 years, and such payments may 
  be made monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, in the 
  discretion of the Corporation. Outstanding principal and accrued 
  interest shall be paid to the bond holder in the event that the 
  mortgage issued in exchange for that bond is paid off or title to the 
  underlying property is transfered by sale or foreclosured.
      (c) Treasury Borrowing.--In the event that the Corporation is 
  unable to pay upon demand, when due, the interest on any such bonds, 
  the Secretary shall pay to the Corporation the amount of such interest, 
  which is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Corporation, and 
  the Corporation shall pay the amount of such interest to the holders of 
  the bonds. Upon the payment of such interest by the Secretary, the 
  amount so paid shall become an obligation of the Corporation to the 
  United States and shall bear interest at the same rate as that borne by 
  the bonds upon which the interest has been so paid.
      (d) Treatment.--The bonds issued by the Corporation under this 
  section shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all 
  taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or 
  hereafter imposed by the United States or any District, Territory, 
  dependency, or possession thereof, or by any State, county, 
  municipality, or local taxing authority.
  
  SEC. 8. TREATMENT OF CORPORATION.
  
      The Corporation, including its franchise, its capital, reserves, 
  and surplus, and its loans and income, shall be exempt from taxation 
  referred to in section 7(c), except that any real property of the 
  Corporation shall be subject to taxation to the same extent, according 
  to its value, as other real property is taxed.
  
  SEC. 9. EMERGENCY MORTGAGE RELIEF.
  
      (a) Acquisition of Mortgages.--The Corporation may, during the 
  three-year period that begins upon the date of the enactment of this 
  Act--
              (1) acquire in exchange for bonds issued by the 
          Corporation, home mortgages and other obligations and liens 
          secured by real estate (including the interest of a vendor 
          under a purchase-money mortgage or contract) recorded or filed 
          in the proper office or executed prior to the date of the 
          enactment of this Act, which are currently in default or at 
          foreseeable risk of default, except that--
                      (A) in the event that the home mortgage was placed 
                  in a trust or other qualified special purpose vehicle 
                  for the purposes of securitization, acceptance of 
                  Corporation bonds by a duly appointed servicer as 
                  payment in full for the purchase of the home mortgage 
                  shall be construed as a non-foreclosure alternative to 
                  the termination of a loan, equivalent to a short sale 
                  or short payoff;
                      (B) the face value of the bonds so exchanged and 
                  the cash so advanced shall not exceed, in any case, the 
                  principal balance plus accrued interest on that balance 
                  (exclusive of additional fees incurred as part of 
                  lender workouts and similar actions), as of the time of 
                  acquisition by the Corporation, as determined by an 
                  appraisal made by the Corporation; and
                      (C) in any case in which the amount of the face 
                  value of the bonds exchanged plus accrued interest 
                  thereon and the cash advanced is less than the amount 
                  the homeowner owes with respect to the home mortgage or 
                  other obligation or lien so acquired by the 
                  Corporation, the Corporation shall credit the 
                  difference between such amounts to the homeowner and 
                  shall reduce the amount owed by the homeowner to the 
                  Corporation, to that extent; and
              (2) in connection with any such exchange, make advances in 
          cash to pay the taxes and assessments on the real estate, to 
          meet the incidental expenses of the transaction, and to pay 
          such amounts, not exceeding $750, to the holder of the 
          mortgage, obligation, or lien acquired as may be the difference 
          between the face value of the bonds exchanged and the purchase 
          price of the mortgage, obligation, or lien;
      (b) Amortization.--Each home mortgage or other obligation or lien 
  so acquired shall be carried as a first lien or refinanced as a home 
  mortgage by the Corporation on the basis of the price paid for the 
  mortgage, obligation, or lien by the Corporation, and shall be 
  amortized by means of monthly payments sufficient to retire the 
  interest and principal within a period of not to exceed 30 years; but 
  the amortization payments of any homeowner may be made quarterly, 
  semiannually, or annually, if in the judgment of the Corporation the 
  situation of the homeowner requires it.
      (c) Maximum Interest Rate.--Interest on the unpaid balance of the 
  obligation of the homeowner to the Corporation shall be at a rate not 
  exceeding 7.5 percent annually.
      (d) Extensions.--The Corporation may at any time grant an extension 
  of time to any homeowner for the payment of any installment of 
  principal or interest owed by the homeowner to the Corporation if, in 
  the judgment of the Corporation, the circumstances of the homeowner and 
  the condition of the security justify such extension.
      (e) Redemption and Recovery of Foreclosed Properties.--The 
  Corporation may, during the three-year period described in subsection 
  (a), exchange bonds and advance cash subject to the limitations 
  provided in subsection (a), to redeem or recover homes lost by the 
  owners by foreclosure or forced sale by a trustee under a deed of trust 
  or under power of attorney, or by voluntary surrender to the mortgagee 
  within two years prior to such exchange or advance.
      (f) Real Estate.--As used in this section, the term ``real estate'' 
  includes only real estate described in section 3(3).
  
  SEC. 10. NONDISCRIMINATION.
  
      (a) Location of Real Estate.--No discrimination shall be made under 
  this Act against any home mortgage by reason of the fact that the real 
  estate securing such mortgage is located in a municipality, county, or 
  taxing district which is in default upon any of its obligations.
      (b) Characteristics of Applicants.--The Corporation is prohibited 
  from discriminating in its lending behavior based on the race, color, 
  religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or familial status of 
  the applicant or applicants.
  
  SEC. 11. DENIAL OF APPLICATIONS.
  
      (a) Authority To Deny.--The Corporation may deny a home mortgage 
  application on the grounds of an applicant's inability to pay or excess 
  indebtedness, as determined by credit score, household income and 
  assets, or other criteria, to be determined by the Board or its 
  designees.
      (b) Counseling.--The Corporation shall provide applicants who are 
  denied a home mortgage issued by the Corporation information sufficient 
  to identify and contact a housing counseling provider serving the local 
  area in which the applicant resides who has been certified pursuant to 
  section 106(f) of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 (12 
  U.S.C. 1701x(f)).
  
  SEC. 12. DISPOSITION OF REAL ESTATE.
  
      In the event the Corporation takes possession of real estate 
  through foreclosure, voluntary transfer of title, or otherwise, the 
  Corporation shall dispose of the real estate in a manner that minimizes 
  adverse impacts on neighboring property values by staggering sales so 
  as not to create an excess supply of properties for sale or by offering 
  properties for rent until disposition is possible. The Corporation may 
  make necessary repairs to Corporation-owned property to maintain the 
  value of the property and to prepare it for disposition.
  
  SEC. 13. APPRAISALS.
  
      The Board shall make rules for the appraisal of the property on 
  which loans are made under this Act, to accomplish the purposes of this 
  Act.
  
  SEC. 14. OTHER PROVISIONS.
  
      (a) Officers and Employees.--The Corporation shall have power to 
  select, employ, and fix the compensation of such officers, employees, 
  attorneys, or agents as shall be necessary for the performance of its 
  duties under this Act, without regard to the provisions of other laws 
  applicable to the employment or compensation of officers, employees, 
  attorneys, or agents of the United States. No such officer, employee, 
  attorney, or agent shall be paid compensation at a rate in excess of 
  the rate provided for the members of the Board.
      (b) Use of Mails.--The Corporation may use the United States mails 
  in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments 
  and agencies of the United States.
      (c) Salaries and Expenses.--The Corporation shall pay such 
  proportion of the salary and expenses of the members of the Board and 
  of its officers and employees as the Board may determine to be 
  equitable, and may use the facilities of Federal Home Loan Banks, upon 
  making reasonable compensation for such use, as determined by the 
  Board.
      (d) Bylaws, Rules, and Regulations.--The Board may make such 
  bylaws, rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the provisions of 
  this Act, as may be necessary for the proper conduct of the affairs of 
  the Corporation.
      (e) Retirement of Stock.--The Corporation shall retire and cancel 
  the bonds and stock of the Corporation as rapidly as the resources of 
  the Corporation will permit. Upon the retirement of such stock, the 
  reasonable value thereof as determined by the Board shall be paid into 
  the Treasury of the United States and the receipts issued therefor 
  shall be canceled.
  
  SEC. 15. LIQUIDATION.
  
      The Board shall proceed to liquidate the Corporation when its 
  purposes have been accomplished, and shall pay any surplus or 
  accumulated funds into the Treasury of the United States. The 
  Corporation may declare and pay such dividends to the United States as 
  may be earned and as in the judgment of the Board it is proper for the 
  Corporation to pay.
target: Family Foreclosure Rescue Corporation Act - Instructs the Secretary of the Treasury to establish the Family Foreclosure Rescue Corporation to acquire, via the sale of bonds, home mortgages and other obligations and liens secured by real estate which are currently in default or at foreseeable risk of default.
feat_title: To establish the Family Foreclosure Rescue Corporation to provide emergency relief to refinance home mortgages of homeowners in foreclosure or default.