text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Trade Enforcement and Trade Deficit 
  Reduction Act''.
  
  SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
  
      Congress finds the following:
              (1) The United States market is widely recognized as one of 
          the most open markets in the world. Average United States 
          tariff rates are very low and the United States has limited, if 
          any, nontariff barriers.
              (2) With each subsequent round of bilateral, regional, and 
          multilateral trade negotiations, tariffs have been 
          significantly reduced or eliminated for many manufactured 
          goods, leaving nontariff barriers as the most pervasive, 
          significant, and challenging barriers to United States exports 
          and market opportunities.
              (3) Often the only leverage the United States has to obtain 
          the reduction or elimination of nontariff barriers imposed by 
          foreign countries is to negotiate the amount of tariffs the 
          United States imposes on imports from those foreign countries.
              (4) The United States has become the world's largest net 
          debtor nation, having run up massive trade deficits since the 
          mid-1970s.
              (5) Every year since 1976, whether in expansion or 
          recession, the United States has run a deficit in goods and 
          services trade, which weakens and detracts from America's 
          global leadership position.
              (6) The United States trade deficit in 1993, the year 
          before the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went 
          into force, was $135.6 billion.
              (7) In 2015, the United States had a deficit in the balance 
          of trade in goods and services of $939.8 billion.
              (8) In 2015, the United States had a trade deficit of $179 
          billion with countries with which it has free trade agreements.
              (9) Persistent deficits weaken the United States economy, 
          defense industrial base, and innovation system and increase the 
          likelihood of ownership of large segments of the United States 
          economy by foreign interests.
  
  SEC. 3. WITHDRAWAL OF TARIFF CONCESSIONS.
  
      (a) In General.--If the Department of Commerce determines pursuant 
  to subsection (c) that--
              (1) a tariff or nontariff barrier or policy or practice of 
          the government of a foreign country with respect to United 
          States exports of any product has not been reduced or 
          eliminated in accordance with the terms of a trade agreement 
          entered into between the United States and the foreign country; 
          or
              (2) a tariff or nontariff barrier or policy or practice of 
          such government with respect to United States exports of any 
          product has been imposed or discovered,
  the United States Trade Representative shall withdraw any modification 
  of any duty that reduced or eliminated the bound or applied rate of 
  duty on any product that has the same physical characteristics and uses 
  as a product described in paragraph (1) or (2) until such time as the 
  Department of Commerce submits to Congress a certification that the 
  foreign government has reduced or eliminated the tariff or nontariff 
  barrier or policy or practice.
      (b) Investigation.--
              (1) In general.--The Department of Commerce shall initiate 
          an investigation if an interested party files a petition with 
          the Department of Commerce which alleges the elements necessary 
          for the withdrawal of the modification of an existing duty 
          under subsection (a), and which is accompanied by information 
          reasonably available to the petitioner supporting such 
          allegations.
              (2) Interested party defined.--For purposes of paragraph 
          (1), the term ``interested party'' means--
                      (A) a manufacturer, producer, or wholesaler in the 
                  United States of a domestic product that has the same 
                  physical characteristics and uses as the product for 
                  which a modification of an existing duty is sought;
                      (B) a certified union or recognized union or group 
                  of workers engaged in the manufacture, production, or 
                  wholesale in the United States of a domestic product 
                  that has the same physical characteristics and uses as 
                  the product for which a modification of an existing 
                  duty is sought;
                      (C) a trade or business association a majority of 
                  whose members manufacture, produce, or wholesale in the 
                  United States a domestic product that has the same 
                  physical characteristics and uses as the product for 
                  which a modification of an existing duty is sought; or
                      (D) a member of the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                  the House of Representatives or a member of the 
                  Committee on Finance of the Senate.
      (c) Determination by the Department of Commerce.--Not later than 45 
  days after the date on which a petition is filed under subsection (b), 
  the Department of Commerce shall--
              (1) determine whether the petition alleges the elements 
          necessary for the withdrawal of the modification of an existing 
          duty under subsection (a); and
              (2) notify the petitioner of the determination under 
          paragraph (1) and the reasons for the determination.
  
  SEC. 4. TRADE DEFICIT REDUCTION.
  
      (a) Identification.--
              (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
          the enactment of this Act, and monthly thereafter, the 
          Department of Commerce shall identify each country from which 
          the value of goods and services imported into the United States 
          exceeds twice the value of goods and services that are products 
          of the United States that are exported from the United States 
          to that country.
              (2) Statistical sources.--For purposes of the calculations 
          described in this section, the Department of Commerce shall use 
          the goods and services trade deficit data compiled by the 
          United States International Trade Commission, specifically--
                      (A) U.S. Imports for Consumption data, in the case 
                  of imports; and
                      (B) U.S. Domestic Exports data, in the case of 
                  exports.
              (3) Exclusion of least developed countries.--For purposes 
          of this subsection, the term ``country'' does not include a 
          country that is identified on the most recent List of Least 
          Developed Countries published by the United Nations Committee 
          for Development Policy.
      (b) Action by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.--In the case of a 
  country which is identified under subsection (a) for six consecutive 
  months, U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall bar the importation of 
  products from a country identified under subsection (a), other than 
  those granted a waiver under subsection (c), beginning 180 days after 
  the date on which a determination is made under subsection (a) until 
  such time that--
              (1) such country is no longer identified under subsection 
          (a); or
              (2) the President has provided written notice to Congress 
          of the President's intention to enter into negotiations with 
          such country to enter into a trade agreement, or changes to an 
          existing trade agreement, with such country pursuant to section 
          105(a)(1)(A) of the Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities 
          and Accountability Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4204(a)(1)(A)).
      (c) Waiver.--A manufacturer, producer, or wholesaler in the United 
  States may apply to the Department of Commerce to allow the importation 
  of a product from a country identified under subsection (a), which the 
  Department of Commerce shall grant--
              (1) if it is shown that such product is not available in 
          sufficient quantities from other sources; and
              (2) for a period not to exceed one year.
target: Trade Enforcement and Trade Deficit Reduction Act This bill requires the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to withdraw tariff concessions granted to a foreign country if the Department of Commerce determines that such country has not reduced or eliminated a tariff or nontariff barrier on U.S. exports in accordance with a trade agreement.  Commerce must: (1) initiate an investigation if it receives a petition alleging that a foreign country has not complied with the tariff provisions of a trade agreement, and (2) identify each country (other than a least developed country) whose imports of goods and services to the United States exceed twice the value of U.S. exports to that country over a six month period. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection must bar the importation of products from such a country unless a waiver is granted for such products to a U.S. manufacturer, producer, or wholesaler. 
feat_title: Trade Enforcement and Trade Deficit Reduction Act