text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Global AIDS Research and Relief Act 
  of 2001''.
  
  SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
  
      In this Act:
              (1) AIDS.--The term ``AIDS'' means the acquired immune 
          deficiency syndrome.
              (2) Association.--The term ``Association'' means the 
          International Development Association.
              (3) Bank.--The term ``Bank'' or ``World Bank'' means the 
          International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
              (4) HIV.--The term ``HIV'' means the human immunodeficiency 
          virus, the pathogen, which causes AIDS.
              (5) HIV/AIDS.--The term ``HIV/AIDS'' means, with respect to 
          an individual, an individual who is infected with HIV or living 
          with AIDS.
  
  SEC. 3. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
  
      (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
              (1) According to the Surgeon General of the United States, 
          the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune 
          deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) will soon become the worst 
          epidemic of infectious disease in recorded history, eclipsing 
          both the bubonic plague of the 1300s and the influenza epidemic 
          of 1918-1919 which killed more than 20,000,000 people 
          worldwide.
              (2) According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/
          AIDS (UNAIDS), more than 36,100,000 people in the world today 
          are living with HIV/AIDS, of which approximately 95 percent 
          live in the developing world.
              (3) UNAIDS data shows that among children age 15 and under 
          worldwide, more than 4,300,000 have died from AIDS, more than 
          1,400,000 are living with the disease; and in 1 year alone--
          2000--an estimated 600,000 became infected, of which over 90 
          percent were babies born to HIV-positive women.
              (4) Although sub-Saharan Africa has only 10 percent of the 
          world's population, it is home to more than 25,300,000--roughly 
          70 percent--of the world's HIV/AIDS cases.
              (5) Worldwide, there have already been an estimated 
          21,800,000 deaths because of HIV/AIDS, of which more than 80 
          percent occurred in sub-Saharan Africa.
              (6) According to UNAIDS, by the end of 1999, 13,200,000 
          children have lost at least one parent to AIDS, including 
          12,100,000 children in sub-Saharan Africa, and are thus 
          considered AIDS orphans.
              (7) At current infection and growth rates for HIV/AIDS, the 
          National Intelligence Council estimates that the number of AIDS 
          orphans worldwide will increase dramatically, potentially 
          increasing threefold or more in the next 10 years, contributing 
          to economic decay, social fragmentation, and political 
          destabilization in already volatile and strained societies. 
          Children without care or hope are often drawn into 
          prostitution, crime, substance abuse, or child soldiery.
              (8) The discovery of a relatively simple and inexpensive 
          means of interrupting the transmission of HIV from an infected 
          mother to the unborn child--namely with nevirapine (NVP), which 
          costs $4 a tablet--has created a great opportunity for an 
          unprecedented partnership between the United States Government 
          and the governments of Asian, African, and Latin American 
          countries to reduce mother-to-child transmission (also known as 
          ``vertical transmission'') of HIV.
              (9) According to UNAIDS, if implemented this strategy will 
          decrease the proportion of orphans that are HIV-infected and 
          decrease infant and child mortality rates in these developing 
          regions.
              (10) A mother-to-child antiretroviral drug strategy can be 
          a force for social change, providing the opportunity and 
          impetus needed to address often longstanding problems of 
          inadequate services and the profound stigma associated with 
          HIV-infection and the AIDS disease. Strengthening the health 
          infrastructure to improve mother-and-child health, antenatal, 
          delivery, and postnatal services, and couples counseling 
          generates enormous spillover effects toward combating the AIDS 
          epidemic in developing regions.
              (11) A January 2000 United States National Intelligence 
          Estimate (NIE) report on the global infectious disease threat 
          concluded that the economic costs of infectious diseases--
          especially HIV/AIDS--are already significant and could reduce 
          GDP by as much as 20 percent or more by 2010 in some sub-
          Saharan African nations.
              (12) The HIV/AIDS epidemic is of increasing concern in 
          other regions of the world, with UNAIDS estimating that there 
          are more than 5,800,000 cases in South and Southeast Asia, that 
          the rate of HIV infection in the Caribbean is second only to 
          sub-Saharan Africa, and that HIV infections have doubled in 
          just 2 years in the former Soviet Union.
              (13) Russia is the new ``hot spot'' for the pandemic and 
          more Russians are expected to be diagnosed with HIV/AIDS by the 
          end of 2001 than all cases from previous years combined.
              (14) Despite the discouraging statistics on the spread of 
          HIV/AIDS, some developing nations-- such as Uganda, Senegal, 
  and Thailand--have implemented prevention programs that have 
  substantially curbed the rate of HIV infection.
              (15) Accordingly, United States financial support for 
          medical research, education, and disease containment as a 
          global strategy has beneficial ramifications for millions of 
          Americans and their families who are affected by this disease, 
          and the entire population, which is potentially susceptible.
      (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are to--
              (1) help prevent human suffering through the prevention, 
          diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS; and
              (2) help ensure the viability of economic development, 
          stability, and national security in the developing world by 
          advancing research to--
                      (A) understand the causes associated with HIV/AIDS 
                  in developing countries; and
                      (B) assist in the development of an AIDS vaccine.
  
  SEC. 4. ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE AUTHORITIES TO COMBAT HIV AND AIDS.
  
      Paragraphs (4) through (6) of section 104(c) of the Foreign 
  Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)) are amended to read as 
  follows:
              ``(4)(A) Congress recognizes the growing international 
          dilemma of children with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 
          and the merits of intervention programs aimed at this problem. 
          Congress further recognizes that mother-to-child transmission 
          prevention strategies can serve as a major force for change in 
          developing regions, and it is, therefore, a major objective of 
          the foreign assistance program to control the acquired immune 
          deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.
              ``(B) The agency primarily responsible for administering 
          this part shall--
                      ``(i) coordinate with UNAIDS, UNICEF, WHO, national 
                  and local governments, other organizations, and other 
                  Federal agencies to develop and implement effective 
                  strategies to prevent vertical transmission of HIV; and
                      ``(ii) coordinate with those organizations to 
                  increase intervention programs and introduce voluntary 
                  counseling and testing, antiretroviral drugs, 
                  replacement feeding, and other strategies.
              ``(5)(A) Congress expects the agency primarily responsible 
          for administering this part to make the human immunodeficiency 
          virus (HIV) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) 
          a priority in the foreign assistance program and to undertake a 
          comprehensive, coordinated effort to combat HIV and AIDS.
              ``(B) Assistance described in subparagraph (A) shall 
          include help providing--
                      ``(i) primary prevention and education;
                      ``(ii) voluntary testing and counseling;
                      ``(iii) medications to prevent the transmission of 
                  HIV from mother to child;
                      ``(iv) programs to strengthen and broaden health 
                  care systems infrastructure and the capacity of health 
                  care systems in developing countries to deliver HIV/
                  AIDS pharmaceuticals, prevention, and treatment to 
                  those afflicted with HIV/AIDS; and
                      ``(v) care for those living with HIV or AIDS.
              ``(6)(A) In addition to amounts otherwise available for 
          such purpose, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
          President $600,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2002 and 
          2003 to carry out paragraphs (4) and (5).
              ``(B) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under 
          subparagraph (A), not less than 65 percent is authorized to be 
          available through United States and foreign nongovernmental 
          organizations, including private and voluntary organizations, 
          for-profit organizations, religious affiliated organizations, 
          educational institutions, and research facilities.
              ``(C)(i) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
          subparagraph (A), priority should be given to programs that 
          address the support and education of orphans in sub-Saharan 
          Africa, including AIDS orphans and prevention strategies for 
          vertical transmission referred to in paragraph (4)(A).
              ``(ii) Assistance made available under this subsection, and 
          assistance made available under chapter 4 of part II to carry 
          out the purposes of this subsection, may be made available 
          notwithstanding any other provision of law that restricts 
          assistance to foreign countries.
              ``(D) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
          subparagraph (A), not more than 7 percent may be used for the 
          administrative expenses of the agency primarily responsible for 
          carrying out this part of this Act in support of activities 
          described in paragraphs (4) and (5).
              ``(E) Funds appropriated under this paragraph are 
          authorized to remain available until expended.''.
target: Global AIDS Research and Relief Act of 2001 - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to revise requirements for assistance for health programs in developing countries to require the agency primarily responsible for administering this Act to coordinate with specified organizations, including other Federal agencies, to develop and implement effective strategies to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to increase intervention programs and introduce voluntary counseling and testing, antiretroviral drugs, replacement feeding, and other strategies. Urges such agency to: (1) make HIV and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) a priority in the foreign assistance program for developing foreign countries; and (2) undertake a comprehensive, coordinated effort to combat HIV and AIDS, including providing programs to strengthen and broaden health care systems infrastructure and capacity to deliver HIV/AIDS pharmaceuticals, prevention, and treatment to those afflicted with HIV/AIDS.Authorizes appropriations. Urges that priority be given to programs that address the support and education of orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, including AIDS orphans, and prevention strategies for vertical transmission of HIV.
feat_title: A bill to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to increase the authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2002, and to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2003, to combat HIV and AIDS, and for other purposes.