text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Colorectal Cancer Detection Act of 
  2018''.
  
  SEC. 2. MEDICARE COVERAGE FOR FDA-APPROVED QUALIFYING COLORECTAL CANCER 
                SCREENING BLOOD-BASED TESTS.
  
      (a) In General.--Section 1861(pp) of the Social Security Act (42 
  U.S.C. 1395x(pp)) is amended--
              (1) in paragraph (1)--
                      (A) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                  subparagraph (E); and
                      (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                  following new subparagraph:
              ``(D) Qualifying colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
          test.''; and
              (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
      ``(3) The term `qualifying colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
  test' means, with respect to a year, a screening blood-based test for 
  the early detection of colorectal cancer furnished in the year that was 
  marketed or used, as applicable, in accordance with the relevant 
  provisions of section 353 of the Public Health Service Act or the 
  Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act more than 6 months before the 
  beginning of the year.''.
      (b) Frequency Limits for Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests and 
  Payment Amount for Qualifying Colorectal Cancer Screening Blood-Based 
  Tests.--Section 1834(d) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(d)) 
  is amended--
              (1) by amending clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(B) to read as 
          follows:
                              ``(ii) if the test is performed within--
                                      ``(I) the 11 months after a 
                                  previous screening fecal-occult blood 
                                  test or a previous qualifying 
                                  colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
                                  test;
                                      ``(II) the 35 months after a 
                                  previous screening flexible 
                                  sigmoidoscopy or a previous screening 
                                  colonoscopy with adenoma findings;
                                      ``(III) the 59 months after a 
                                  previous screening colonoscopy with 
                                  small polyp findings; or
                                      ``(IV) the 119 months after a 
                                  previous screening colonoscopy without 
                                  adenoma findings or small polyp 
                                  findings.'';
              (2) in paragraph (2)(E)(ii), by inserting ``or within the 
          35 months after a previous screening fecal-occult blood test or 
          previous qualifying colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
          test'' after ``sigmoidoscopy'';
              (3) by amending subparagraph (E) of paragraph (3) to read 
          as follows:
                      ``(E) Frequency limit.--No payment may be made 
                  under this part for a colorectal cancer screening test 
                  consisting of a screening colonoscopy--
                              ``(i) if the procedure is performed within 
                          the 11 months after a previous screening fecal-
                          occult blood test or previous qualifying 
                          colorectal cancer screening blood-based test;
                              ``(ii) for individuals at high risk for 
                          colorectal cancer if the procedure is performed 
                          within the 23 months after a previous screening 
                          colonoscopy; or
                              ``(iii) for individuals not at high risk 
                          for colorectal cancer if the procedure is 
                          performed within the 119 months after a 
                          previous screening colonoscopy or within the 47 
                          months after a previous screening flexible 
                          sigmoidoscopy.''; and
              (4) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
              ``(4) Qualifying colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
          tests.--
                      ``(A) Payment amount.--The payment amount for 
                  colorectal cancer screening tests consisting of 
                  qualifying colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
                  tests shall be established by the Secretary based on a 
                  crosswalk to payment amounts for tests for the 
                  diagnosis of inherited colorectal cancer by methylation 
                  methods.
                      ``(B) Frequency limit.--Paragraph (1)(B) shall 
                  apply to colorectal cancer screening tests consisting 
                  of qualifying colorectal cancer screening blood-based 
                  tests in the same manner as such paragraph applies to 
                  colorectal cancer screening tests consisting of fecal-
                  occult blood tests.''.
      (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
  apply to colorectal cancer screening tests furnished in a year 
  beginning more than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this 
  Act.
target: Colorectal Cancer Detection Act of 2018 This bill provides for Medicare coverage and payment, subject to&nbsp;specified frequency limits, of certain colorectal cancer screening blood-based tests. 
feat_title: Colorectal Cancer Detection Act of 2018