text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Safety and Fuel Economy (SAFE) 
  Act''.
  
  SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
  
      The Congress finds and declares the following:
              (1) Automobile fuel economy standards have played an 
          important role in mitigating the increased consumption of 
          gasoline and have resulted in lower fuel costs to consumers.
              (2) Such standards and the successful response of 
          automobile manufacturers to those standards have been very 
          effective in increasing automobile fuel efficiency, resulting 
          in a near doubling of the passenger automobile fleet fuel 
          economy between 1975 and the present.
              (3) In recent years, the average automobile fuel economy of 
          the fleets of many automobile manufacturers has actually 
          declined, while the size and horsepower of the fleets have 
          increased. Overall, automobile and light truck average fuel 
          economy in 2000 was at its lowest in 20 years.
              (4) Several Government studies agree that increased fuel 
          efficiency is possible utilizing currently available technology 
          and without significant changes in the size, mix, or 
          performance of the fleet of automobiles. In addition, the 
          safety of the current fleet of automobiles can be maintained 
          and potentially improved through improved safety features.
              (5) With appropriate lead time, and by utilizing technology 
          currently in production, passenger automobile average fuel 
          economy of between 38 and 45 miles per gallon has been 
          estimated by various experts to be feasible without significant 
          changes in automobile size or performance. When technology 
          currently in development becomes available, even higher levels 
          of average fuel economy are possible.
              (6) Improved automobile average fuel economy standards can 
          reduce carbon dioxide emissions, improve air quality, and 
          potentially mitigate against global warming.
  
  SEC. 3. IMPROVING CRASH SAFETY OF AUTOMOBILES AND LIGHT TRUCKS IN 
                COLLISIONS.
  
      (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 301 of title 49, United 
  States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
  ``Sec. 30128. Crash safety of automobiles and light trucks in 
                collisions
      ``(a) Motor Vehicle Safety Standard.--
              ``(1) Notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not later than June 
          1, 2002, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a notice 
          of proposed rulemaking to prescribe a new Federal motor vehicle 
          safety standard to improve the crash safety of automobiles and 
          light trucks in collisions.
              ``(2) CRAGG index.--The new standard prescribed under this 
          subsection shall include a Crash Aggressivity index (in this 
          section referred to as a `CRAGG index') that--
                      ``(A) measures the aggressivity of a motor vehicle;
                      ``(B) takes into account the stiffness, structure 
                  height, and mass of a vehicle; and
                      ``(C) substantially improves the present crash 
                  safety of automobiles and light trucks by reducing the 
                  aggressivity of such vehicles.
              ``(3) Final rule.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
          law, the Secretary shall complete a rulemaking to prescribe 
          such a standard by issuing, not later than June 1, 2003, a 
          final rule with any provision the Secretary considers 
          appropriate, consistent with this subsection and the 
          requirements of section 30111 of title 49, United States Code.
              ``(4) Effective date.--The Secretary shall specify in the 
          final rule issued under this subsection that the rule--
                      ``(A) shall become effective in phases as rapidly 
                  as practicable, beginning September 1, 2005; and
                      ``(B) shall be fully effective for all vehicles 
                  identified in section 30127(b) of title 49, United 
                  States Code, that are manufactured on and after 
                  September 1, 2009.
      ``(b) Disclosure of CRAGG Index Ratings to Purchasers.--
              ``(1) Disclosure by manufacturers.--The Secretary of 
          Transportation shall issue regulations that require that motor 
          vehicle manufacturers--
                      ``(A) report CRAGG index ratings for each model 
                  year after model year 2005;
                      ``(B) submit the first such report by no later than 
                  August 1, 2005, and submit such reports by August 1 of 
                  each year thereafter; and
                      ``(C) conspicuously post on each new motor vehicle 
                  at the point of sale the CRAGG index rating for the 
                  vehicle, beginning September 1, 2005.
              ``(2) Disclosure by secretary.--The Secretary shall also 
          post on the Department of Transportation's Internet website, 
          beginning September 1, 2005--
                      ``(A) comparative CRAGG index ratings, by make and 
                  model; and
                      ``(B) an identification of the 10 motor vehicles 
                  with the greatest aggressivity, by CRAGG index rating, 
                  each year.
      ``(c) Annual Report.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
  annually report to the Congress on January 1 of each year beginning in 
  2004 on the progress made in improving the crash safety of automobiles 
  and light trucks in collisions. Such report shall address the 
  comparative improvement in the aggressivity of new vehicles as measured 
  by the CRAGG index and the number of fatalities caused by the 
  aggressivity of light trucks and sport utility vehicles in collisions 
  with other vehicles.
      ``(d) Revision of Standard.--On September 1, 2007, the Secretary of 
  Transportation shall issue an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to 
  determine if substantial improvement has been made in the crash safety 
  of automobiles and light trucks that are subject to the Federal motor 
  vehicle safety standard prescribed under subsection (a). If substantial 
  improvement has not been made, the Secretary shall issue a notice of 
  proposed rulemaking by March 1, 2008, to revise such standard to 
  further increase crash comparability. If initiated, the Secretary shall 
  complete the rulemaking required by this subsection by issuing a new 
  final rule not later than March 1, 2009. The Secretary shall specify in 
  the rule that the rule shall become effective in phases as rapidly as 
  practicable, beginning September 1, 2010. The rule shall become fully 
  effective for all vehicles identified in section 30127(b), title 49, 
  United States Code, that are manufactured on and after September 1, 
  2012.
      ``(e) Phased-In Requirements.--
              ``(1) In general.--If the Secretary of Transportation fails 
          to meet any of the deadlines in subsections (a) through (d) of 
          this section with respect to any motor vehicle, motor vehicles 
          with respect to which such deadline applied having a gross 
          vehicle weight rating less than 10,000 pounds that are 
          manufactured by each manufacturer must satisfy the requirements 
          described in paragraph (2) in accordance with the following 
          phase-in schedule:
                      ``(A) 20 percent of such vehicles manufactured by a 
                  manufacturer in the first year after the date the 
                  deadline is not met must satisfy such requirements.
                      ``(B) 40 percent of such vehicles manufactured by a 
                  manufacturer in the second year after the date the 
                  deadline is not met must satisfy such requirements.
                      ``(C) 60 percent of such vehicles manufactured by a 
                  manufacturer in the third year after the date the 
                  deadline is not met must satisfy such requirements.
                      ``(D) 80 percent of such vehicles manufactured by a 
                  manufacturer in the fourth year after deadline is not 
                  met must satisfy such requirements.
                      ``(E) All such vehicles manufactured by a 
                  manufacturer after the fourth year after the date the 
                  deadline is not met must satisfy such requirements.
              ``(2) Requirements.--The requirements referred to in 
          paragraph (1) are the following, in the frontal barrier crash 
          test defined in section 571.208 S5.1 of title 49, Code of 
          Federal Regulations, conducted with a load cell barrier:
                      ``(A) The height of the center of force as 
                  determined by a 30 mile per hour crash into a load cell 
                  barrier shall not be greater than 22 inches (55 
                  centimeters).
                      ``(B) For any vehicle with a curb weight greater 
                  than 3,500 pounds, the dynamic stiffness shall not be 
                  greater than the number determined by multiplying--
                              ``(i) 50,000 pounds; by
                              ``(ii) the number determined by dividing--
                                      ``(I) 33,000; by
                                      ``(II) the number determined by 
                                  subtracting the weight of the vehicle 
                                  (in pounds) from 20,000.
      ``(f) Advisory Committees.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
  ensure that--
              ``(1) any Federal advisory committee, task force, or other 
          entity concerned with vehicle compatibility includes a balance 
          of representatives from consumer and safety organizations, 
          insurers, manufacturers, and suppliers; and
              ``(2) such consumer and safety organization representatives 
          are selected from among organizations that do not receive any 
          significant funding from motor vehicle manufacturers and their 
          affiliates.
      ``(g) Definitions.--
              ``(1) Automobile; light truck.--Each of the terms 
          `automobile' and `light truck' has the meaning set forth in 
          section 32901 of this title.
              ``(2) Aggressivity.--The term `aggressivity' means the 
          degree to which the front of a motor vehicle, in a collision 
          with another motor vehicle--
                      ``(A) inflicts damage to the other motor vehicle; 
                  and
                      ``(B) causes injury to the occupants of the other 
                  motor vehicle.''.
      (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
  chapter 301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
  after the item relating to section 30127 the following:
  
  ``30128. Crash safety of automobiles and light trucks in collisions.''.
  
  SEC. 4. INCREASED AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR PASSENGER 
                AUTOMOBILES AND LIGHT TRUCKS.
  
      (a) Increased Standards.--Section 32902 of title 49, United States 
  Code, is amended--
              (1) in subsection (a)--
                      (A) by striking ``Non-Passenger Automobiles.--'' 
                  and inserting ``Prescription of Standards by 
                  Regulation.--''; and
                      (B) by striking ``(except passenger automobiles)'' 
                  and inserting ``(except passenger automobiles and light 
                  trucks)''; and
              (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
      ``(b) Standards for Passenger Automobiles and Light Trucks.--
              ``(1) Passenger automobiles, generally.--The average fuel 
          economy standard for passenger automobiles manufactured by a 
          manufacturer--
                      ``(A) after model year 2003 shall be 30.0 miles per 
                  gallon; and
                      ``(B) after model year 2005 shall be 32.5 miles per 
                  gallon.
              ``(2) Light trucks.--The average fuel economy standard for 
          light trucks manufactured by a manufacturer--
                      ``(A) after model year 2003 shall be 23.0 miles per 
                  gallon; and
                      ``(B) after model year 2005 shall be 25.5 miles per 
                  gallon.
              ``(3) Combined standard.--The average fuel economy standard 
          for the combination of passenger automobiles and light trucks 
          manufactured by a manufacturer--
                      ``(A) after model year 2007 shall be 32.0 miles per 
                  gallon;
                      ``(B) after model year 2009 shall be 36.0 miles per 
                  gallon; and
                      ``(C) after model year 2011 shall be 40.0 miles per 
                  gallon.''.
      (b) Definition of Light Truck.--
              (1) In general.--Section 32901(a) of title 49, United 
          States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
              ``(17) `light truck' means an automobile that the Secretary 
          decides by regulation--
                      ``(A) is manufactured primarily for transporting 
                  not more than 10 individuals;
                      ``(B) is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross 
                  vehicle weight; and
                      ``(C) is not a passenger automobile.''.
              (2) Deadline for regulations.--The Secretary of 
          Transportation--
                      (A) shall issue proposed regulations implementing 
                  the amendment made by this subsection by not later than 
                  6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act; 
                  and
                      (B) shall issue final regulations implementing such 
                  amendment by not later than one year after the date of 
                  the enactment of this Act.
      (c) Conforming Amendments.--(1) Section 32902(c) of title 49, 
  United States Code, is amended--
              (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the standard'' and 
          inserting ``a standard''; and
              (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``increases the standard 
          above 27.5 miles per gallon, or decreases the standard below 
          26.0 miles per gallon,'' and inserting ``increases the standard 
          above the standard that would otherwise apply under subsection 
          (b), or decreases the standard by more than 1.5 miles per 
          gallon below the standard that would otherwise apply under 
          subsection (b),''.
      (d) Application.--The amendments made by this section shall apply 
  beginning on January 1, 2006.
      (e) Applicability of Existing Standards.--This section does not 
  affect the application of section 32902 of title 49, United States 
  Code, to passenger automobiles and light trucks manufactured before 
  model year 2007.
  
  SEC. 5. FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOBILES UP TO 10,000 POUNDS 
                GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT.
  
      (a) Vehicles Defined as Automobiles.--Section 32901(a)(3) of title 
  49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``6,000'' each place it 
  appears and inserting ``8,500''.
      (b) Application Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
  apply beginning on January 1, 2006.
  
  SEC. 6. IMPROVEMENT OF CALCULATION OF AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY.
  
      (a) In General.--Section 32904(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
  is amended--
              (1) by inserting ``(1)'' before the first sentence;
              (2) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), in the second 
          sentence by inserting ``and subject to paragraph (2) of this 
          subsection,'' after ``of this title,''; and
              (3) by adding at the end the following:
      ``(2) Calculations and testing procedures prescribed by the 
  Secretary under paragraph (1) shall ensure that average fuel economy 
  calculated under this subsection--
              ``(A) reflects, and is determined under conditions that 
          include, actual driving conditions; and
              ``(B) is not an optimized number that results solely from 
          tests performed under laboratory conditions.''.
      (b) Application.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply 
  with respect to automobiles manufactured after model year 2005.
      (c) Regulations.--The Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
  Agency shall issue regulations that implement the amendments made by 
  subsection (a) by not later than December 31, 2002.
target: Safety and Fuel Economy (SAFE) Act - Amends Federal transportation law to direct the Secretary of Transportation to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to prescribe a new Federal motor vehicle safety standard to improve the crash safety of automobiles and light trucks in collisions. Directs the Secretary to issue regulations that require motor vehicle manufacturers to disclose CRAGG index ratings to purchasers of new motor vehicles after model year 2005. Establishes the CRAGG (Crash Aggressivity) index as one that: (1) measures a motor vehicle's aggressivity; (2) takes into account its stiffness, structure height, and mass; and (3) substantially improves the present crash safety of automobiles and light trucks by reducing their aggressivity. Defines "aggressivity" as the degree to which the front of a motor vehicle in a collision with another motor vehicle inflicts damage to the other vehicle and causes injury to its occupants.Sets forth average fuel economy standards for passenger automobiles and light trucks manufactured after model years 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011.
feat_title: To amend title 49, United States Code, to improve highway safety by requiring reductions in the aggressivity of light trucks; to extend average fuel economy standards to all light trucks up to 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight; to require phased increases in the average fuel economy standards for passenger automobiles and light trucks; to improve the accuracy of average fuel economy testing and public information regarding average fuel economy, and for other purposes.