text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Russian Democracy Act of 2002''.
  
  SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
  
      (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
          (1) Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the leadership 
      of the Russian Federation has publicly committed itself to 
      building--
              (A) a society with democratic political institutions and 
          practices, the observance of universally recognized standards 
          of human rights, and religious and press freedom; and
              (B) a market economy based on internationally accepted 
          principles of transparency, accountability, and the rule of 
          law.
          (2) In order to facilitate this transition, the international 
      community has provided multilateral and bilateral technical 
      assistance, and the United States' contribution to these efforts 
      has played an important role in developing new institutions built 
      on democratic and liberal economic foundations and the rule of law.
          (3)(A) Since 1992, United States Government democratic reform 
      programs and public diplomacy programs, including training, and 
      small grants have provided access to and training in the use of the 
      Internet, brought nearly 40,000 Russian citizens to the United 
      States, and have led to the establishment of more than 65,000 
      nongovernmental organizations, thousands of independent local media 
      outlets, despite governmental opposition, and numerous political 
      parties.
          (B) These efforts contributed to the substantially free and 
      fair Russian parliamentary elections in 1995 and 1999.
          (4) The United States has assisted Russian efforts to replace 
      its centrally planned, state-controlled economy with a market 
      economy and helped create institutions and infrastructure for a 
      market economy. Approximately two-thirds of the Russian 
      Federation's gross domestic product is now generated by the private 
      sector, and the United States recognized Russia as a market economy 
      on June 7, 2002.
          (5)(A) The United States has fostered grassroots 
      entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation by focusing United 
      States economic assistance on small- and medium-sized businesses 
      and by providing training, consulting services, and small loans to 
      more than 250,000 Russian entrepreneurs.
          (B) There are now more than 900,000 small businesses in the 
      Russian Federation, producing 12 to 15 percent, depending on the 
      estimate, of the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation.
          (C) United States-funded programs have contributed to fighting 
      corruption and financial crime, such as money laundering, by 
      helping to--
              (i) establish a commercial legal infrastructure;
              (ii) develop an independent judiciary;
              (iii) support the drafting of a new criminal code, civil 
          code, and bankruptcy law;
              (iv) develop a legal and regulatory framework for the 
          Russian Federation's equivalent of the United States Securities 
          and Exchange Commission;
              (v) support Russian law schools;
              (vi) create legal aid clinics; and
              (vii) bolster law-related activities of nongovernmental 
          organizations.
          (6) Because the capability of Russian democratic forces and the 
      civil society to organize and defend democratic gains without 
      international support is uncertain, and because the gradual 
      integration of the Russian Federation into the global order of 
      free-market, democratic nations would enhance Russian cooperation 
      with the United States on a wide range of political, economic, and 
      security issues, the success of democracy in Russia is in the 
      national security interest of the United States, and the United 
      States Government should develop a far-reaching and flexible 
      strategy aimed at strengthening Russian society's support for 
      democracy and a market economy, particularly by enhancing Russian 
      democratic institutions and education, promoting the rule of law, 
      and supporting Russia's independent media.
          (7) Since the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the Russian 
      Federation has stood with the United States and the rest of the 
      civilized world in the struggle against terrorism and has 
      cooperated in the war in Afghanistan by sharing intelligence and 
      through other means.
          (8) United States-Russia relations have improved, leading to a 
      successful summit between President Bush and President Putin in May 
      2002, resulting in a ``Foundation for Cooperation''.
      (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
          (1) to strengthen and advance institutions of democratic 
      government and of free and independent media, and to sustain the 
      development of an independent civil society in the Russian 
      Federation based on religious and ethnic tolerance, internationally 
      recognized human rights, and an internationally recognized rule of 
      law; and
          (2) to focus United States foreign assistance programs on using 
      local expertise and to give local organizations a greater role in 
      designing and implementing such programs, while maintaining 
      appropriate oversight and monitoring.
  
  SEC. 3. UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
  
      (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United 
  States Government should--
          (1) recognize that a democratic and economically stable Russian 
      Federation is inherently less confrontational and destabilizing in 
      its foreign policy and therefore that the promotion of democracy in 
      Russia is in the national security interests of the United States; 
      and
          (2) continue and increase assistance to the democratic forces 
      in the Russian Federation, including the independent media, 
      regional administrations, democratic political parties, and 
      nongovernmental organizations.
      (b) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United 
  States--
          (1) to facilitate Russia's integration into the Western 
      community of nations, including supporting the establishment of a 
      stable democracy and a market economy within the framework of the 
      rule of law and respect for individual rights, including Russia's 
      membership in the appropriate international institutions;
          (2) to engage the Government of the Russian Federation and 
      Russian society in order to strengthen democratic reform and 
      institutions, and to promote transparency and good governance in 
      all aspects of society, including fair and honest business 
      practices, accessible and open legal systems, freedom of religion, 
      and respect for human rights;
          (3) to advance a dialogue among United States Government 
      officials, private sector individuals, and representatives of the 
      Government of the Russian Federation regarding Russia's integration 
      into the Western community of nations;
          (4) to encourage United States Government officials and private 
      sector individuals to meet regularly with democratic activists, 
      human rights activists, representatives of the independent media, 
      representatives of nongovernmental organizations, civic organizers, 
      church officials, and reform-minded politicians from Moscow and all 
      other regions of the Russian Federation;
          (5) to incorporate democratic reforms, the promotion of 
      independent media, and economic reforms in a broader United States 
      dialogue with the Government of the Russian Federation;
          (6) to encourage the Government of the Russian Federation to 
      address, in a cooperative and transparent manner consistent with 
      internationally recognized and accepted principles, cross-border 
      issues, including the nonproliferation of weapons of mass 
      destruction, environmental degradation, crime, trafficking, and 
      corruption;
          (7) to consult with the Government of the Russian Federation 
      and the Russian Parliament on the adoption of economic and social 
      reforms necessary to sustain Russian economic growth and to ensure 
      Russia's transition to a fully functioning market economy and 
      membership in the World Trade Organization;
          (8) to persuade the Government of the Russian Federation to 
      honor its commitments made to the Organization for Security and 
      Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) at the November 1999 Istanbul 
      Conference, and to conduct a genuine good neighbor policy toward 
      the other independent states of the former Soviet Union in the 
      spirit of internationally accepted principles of regional 
      cooperation; and
          (9) to encourage the G-8 partners and international financial 
      institutions, including the World Bank, the International Monetary 
      Fund, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, to 
      develop financial safeguards and transparency practices in lending 
      to the Russian Federation.
  
  SEC. 4. AMENDMENTS TO THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.
  
      (a) In General.--
          (1) Democracy and rule of law.--Section 498(2) of the Foreign 
      Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295(2)) is amended--
              (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``Democracy'' and 
          inserting ``Democracy and rule of law'';
              (B) by striking subparagraphs (E) and (G);
              (C) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph (I);
              (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
              ``(E) development and support of grass-roots and 
          nongovernmental organizations promoting democracy, the rule of 
          law, transparency, and accountability in the political process, 
          including grants in small amounts to such organizations;
              ``(F) international exchanges and other forms of public 
          diplomacy to promote greater understanding on how democracy, 
          the public policy process, market institutions, and an 
          independent judiciary function in Western societies;
              ``(G) political parties and coalitions committed to 
          promoting democracy, human rights, and economic reforms;
              ``(H) support for civic organizations committed to 
          promoting human rights;''; and
              (E) by adding at the end the following:
              ``(J) strengthened administration of justice through 
          programs and activities carried out in accordance with section 
          498B(e), including--
                  ``(i) support for nongovernmental organizations, civic 
              organizations, and political parties that favor a strong 
              and independent judiciary;
                  ``(ii) support for local organizations that work with 
              judges and law enforcement officials in efforts to achieve 
              a reduction in the number of pretrial detainees; and
                  ``(iii) support for the creation of legal associations 
              or groups that provide training in human rights and 
              advocacy, public education with respect to human rights-
              related laws and proposed legislation, and legal assistance 
              to persons subject to improper government interference.''.
          (2) Independent media.--Section 498 of the Foreign Assistance 
      Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295) is amended--
              (A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (13) as 
          paragraphs (4) through (14), respectively; and
              (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
          ``(3) Independent media.--Developing free and independent 
      media, including--
              ``(A) supporting all forms of independent media reporting, 
          including print, radio, and television;
              ``(B) providing special support for, and unrestricted 
          public access to, nongovernmental Internet-based sources of 
          information, dissemination and reporting, including providing 
          technical and other support for web radio services, providing 
          computers and other necessary resources for Internet 
          connectivity and training new Internet users in nongovernmental 
          civic organizations on methods and uses of Internet-based 
          media; and
              ``(C) training in journalism, including investigative 
          journalism techniques that educate the public on the costs of 
          corruption and act as a deterrent against corrupt officials.''.
      (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 498B(e) of such Act is amended 
  by striking ``paragraph (2)(G)'' and inserting ``paragraph (2)(J)''.
  
  SEC. 5. ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
  
      (a) Assistance Programs.--In providing assistance to the Russian 
  Federation under chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
  1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.), the President is authorized to--
          (1) work with the Government of the Russian Federation, the 
      Duma, and representatives of the Russian Federation judiciary to 
      help implement a revised and improved code of criminal procedure 
      and other laws;
          (2) establish civic education programs relating to democracy, 
      public policy, the rule of law, and the importance of independent 
      media, including the establishment of ``American Centers'' and 
      public policy schools at Russian universities and encourage 
      cooperative programs with universities in the United States to 
      offer courses through Internet-based off-site learning centers at 
      Russian universities; and
          (3) support the Regional Initiatives (RI) program, which 
      provides targeted assistance in those regions of the Russian 
      Federation that have demonstrated a commitment to reform, 
      democracy, and the rule of law, and which promotes the concept of 
      such programs as a model for all regions of the Russian Federation.
      (b) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and Voice of America.--RFE/RL, 
  Incorporated, and the Voice of America should use new and innovative 
  techniques, in cooperation with local independent media sources and 
  using local languages as appropriate and as possible, to disseminate 
  throughout the Russian Federation information relating to democracy, 
  free-market economics, the rule of law, and human rights.
  
  SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE FOR DEMOCRACY, INDEPENDENT MEDIA, 
                AND THE RULE OF LAW.
  
      Of the amounts made available to carry out the provision of chapter 
  11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2295 et 
  seq.) and the FREEDOM Support Act for fiscal year 2003, $50,000,000 is 
  authorized to be available for the activities authorized by paragraphs 
  (2) and (3) of section 498 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as 
  amended by section 4(a) of this Act.
  
  SEC. 7. PRESERVING THE ARCHIVES OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST AND NOBEL 
                PEACE PRIZE WINNER ANDREI SAKHAROV.
  
      (a) Authorization.--The President is authorized, on such terms and 
  conditions as the President determines to be appropriate, to make a 
  grant to Brandeis University for an endowment for the Andrei Sakharov 
  Archives and Human Rights Center for the purpose of collecting and 
  preserving documents related to the life of Andrei Sakharov and the 
  administration of such Center.
      (b) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
  President to carry out subsection (a) not more than $1,500,000.
  
  SEC. 8. EXTENSION OF LAW.
  
      The provisions of section 108(c) of H.R. 3427, as enacted by 
  section 1000(a)(7) of Public Law 106-113, shall apply to United States 
  contributions for fiscal year 2003 to the organization described in 
  section 108(c) of H.R. 3427.
  
                                 Speaker of the House of Representatives.
  
                              Vice President of the United States and    
                                                 President of the Senate.
target: Russian Democracy Act of 2002 - (Sec. 3) Declares it shall be U.S. policy to: (1) facilitate Russia's integration into the Western community of nations, including supporting the establishment of a stable democracy and a market economy within the framework of the rule of law and respect for individual rights, and including its membership in appropriate international institutions; (2) engage the Government of the Russian Federation and Russian society to strengthen democratic reform and institutions, and to promote transparency and good governance in all aspects of society, including fair and honest business practices, accessible and open legal systems, freedom of religion, and respect for human rights; (3) incorporate democratic reforms, the promotion of an independent media, and economic reforms in a broader U.S. dialogue with such Government; (4) encourage such Government to address, in a cooperative and transparent manner consistent with internationally recognized and accepted principles, cross-border issues, including the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction, environmental degradation, crime, trafficking, and corruption; (5) consult with such Government and the Russian Parliament on the adoption of economic and social reforms necessary to sustain Russian economic growth and to ensure Russia's transition to a market economy and membership in the World Trade Organization; (6) persuade the Government of the Russian Federation to honor its commitments to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) at the November 1999 Istanbul Conference and to be a good neighbor toward other independent states of the former Soviet Union in the spirit of internationally accepted principles of regional cooperation; and (7) encourage G-8 partners and international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to develop financial safeguards and transparency practices in lending to the Russian Federation.(Sec. 4) Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to include among activities eligible for U.S. assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union any activities for the promotion of democracy, rule of law, transparency, international exchanges and other forms of public diplomacy, human rights, economic reforms, administration of justice, and the development of a free and independent media in Russia. Authorizes the President to carry out specified related activities in providing such assistance to Russia.(Sec. 5) Urges Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and the Voice of America to use new and innovative techniques, in cooperation with local independent media sources and using local languages as appropriate and as possible, to disseminate information throughout the Russian Federation relating to democracy, free-market economics, rule of law, and human rights.(Sec. 6) Authorizes appropriations for FY 2003.
feat_title: An Act to make available funds under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to expand democracy, good governance, and anti-corruption programs in the Russian Federation in order to promote and strengthen democratic government and civil society and independent media in that country.