text: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
  
      This Act may be cited as the ``Grant Reporting Efficiency and 
  Agreements Transparency Act of 2018'' or the ``GREAT Act''.
  
  SEC. 2. PURPOSES.
  
      The purposes of this Act are to--
              (1) modernize reporting by recipients of Federal grants and 
          cooperative agreements by creating and imposing data standards 
          for the information that grants and cooperative agreement 
          recipients must report to the Federal Government;
              (2) implement the recommendation by the Director of the 
          Office of Management and Budget, under section 5(b)(6) of the 
          Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 
          U.S.C. 6101 note), which includes the development of a 
          ``comprehensive taxonomy of standard definitions for core data 
          elements required for managing Federal financial assistance 
          awards'';
              (3) reduce burden and compliance costs of recipients of 
          Federal grants and cooperative agreements by enabling 
          technology solutions, existing or yet to be developed, by both 
          the public and private sectors, to better manage data 
          recipients already provide to the Federal Government; and
              (4) to strengthen oversight and management of Federal 
          grants and cooperative agreements by agencies through 
          consolidated collection and display of and access to open data 
          that has been standardized, and where appropriate, transparency 
          to the public.
  
  SEC. 3. DATA STANDARDS FOR GRANT REPORTING.
  
      (a) Amendment.--Subtitle V of title 31, United States Code, is 
  amended by inserting after chapter 63 the following new chapter:
  
              ``CHAPTER 64--DATA STANDARDS FOR GRANT REPORTING
  
  ``Sec.
  ``6401. Definitions.
  ``6402. Data standards for grant reporting.
  ``6403. Guidance applying data standards for grant reporting.
  ``6404. Agency requirements.
  ``Sec. 6401. Definitions
      ``In this chapter:
              ``(1) Agency.--The term `agency' has the meaning given that 
          term in section 552(f) of title 5.
              ``(2) Core data elements.--The term `core data elements' 
          means data elements that are not program-specific in nature and 
          are required by agencies for all or the vast majority of 
          Federal grant and cooperative assistance recipients for 
          purposes of reporting.
              ``(3) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
          the Office of Management and Budget.
              ``(4) Federal award.--The term `Federal award'--
                      ``(A) means the transfer of anything of value for a 
                  public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by 
                  a law of the United States, including financial 
                  assistance and Government facilities, services, and 
                  property;
                      ``(B) includes grants, subgrants, awards, and 
                  cooperative agreements; and
                      ``(C) does not include--
                              ``(i) conventional public information 
                          services or procurement of property or services 
                          for the direct benefit or use of the 
                          Government; or
                              ``(ii) an agreement that provides only--
                                      ``(I) direct Government cash 
                                  assistance to an individual;
                                      ``(II) a subsidy;
                                      ``(III) a loan;
                                      ``(IV) a loan guarantee; or
                                      ``(V) insurance.
              ``(5) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the head of 
          the standard-setting agency.
              ``(6) Standard-setting agency.--The term `standard-setting 
          agency' means the Executive department designated under section 
          6402(a)(1).
              ``(7) State.--The term `State' means each State of the 
          United States, the District of Columbia, each commonwealth, 
          territory or possession of the United States, and each 
          federally recognized Indian Tribe.
  ``Sec. 6402. Data standards for grant reporting
      ``(a) In General.--
              ``(1) Designation of standard-setting agency.--The Director 
          shall designate the Executive department (as defined in section 
          101 of title 5) that issues the most Federal awards in a 
          calendar year as the standard-setting agency.
              ``(2) Establishment of standards.--Not later than 1 year 
          after the date of the enactment of this chapter, the Secretary 
          and the Director shall establish Governmentwide data standards 
          for information reported by recipients of Federal awards.
              ``(3) Data elements.--The data standards established under 
          paragraph (2) shall include, at a minimum--
                      ``(A) standard definitions for data elements 
                  required for managing Federal awards; and
                      ``(B) unique identifiers for Federal awards and 
                  entities receiving Federal awards that can be 
                  consistently applied Governmentwide.
      ``(b) Scope.--The data standards established under subsection (a) 
  shall include core data elements and may cover any information required 
  to be reported to any agency by recipients of Federal awards, including 
  audit-related information reported under chapter 75 of this title.
      ``(c) Requirements.--The data standards required to be established 
  under subsection (a) shall, to the extent reasonable and practicable--
              ``(1) render information reported by recipients of Federal 
          grant and cooperative agreement awards fully searchable and 
          machine-readable;
              ``(2) be nonproprietary;
              ``(3) incorporate standards developed and maintained by 
          voluntary consensus standards bodies;
              ``(4) be consistent with and implement applicable 
          accounting and reporting principles; and
              ``(5) incorporate the data standards established under the 
          Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 
          U.S.C. 6101 note).
      ``(d) Consultation.--In establishing the data standards under 
  subsection (a), the Secretary and the Director shall consult with, as 
  appropriate--
              ``(1) the Secretary of the Treasury, to ensure that the 
          data standards incorporate the data standards created under the 
          Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 
          U.S.C. 6101 note);
              ``(2) the head of each agency that issues Federal awards;
              ``(3) recipients of Federal awards and organizations 
          representing recipients of Federal awards;
              ``(4) private sector experts;
              ``(5) members of the public, including privacy experts, 
          privacy advocates, and industry stakeholders; and
              ``(6) State and local governments.
  ``Sec. 6403. Guidance applying data standards for grant reporting
      ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
  enactment of this chapter--
              ``(1) the Secretary and the Director shall issue guidance 
          to all agencies directing the agencies to apply the data 
          standards established under section 6402 to all applicable 
          reporting by recipients of Federal grant and cooperative 
          agreement awards; and
              ``(2) the Director shall prescribe guidance applying the 
          data standards to audit-related information reported under 
          chapter 75.
      ``(b) Guidance.--The guidance issued under this section shall--
              ``(1) to the extent reasonable and practicable--
                      ``(A) minimize the disruption to existing reporting 
                  practices for agencies and for recipients of Federal 
                  grant and cooperative agreement awards; and
                      ``(B) explore opportunities to implement modern 
                  technologies within Federal award reporting;
              ``(2) allow the Director to permit exceptions for 
          categories of grants if the Director publishes a list of such 
          exceptions, including exceptions for Indian Tribes and Tribal 
          organizations consistent with the Indian Self-Determination and 
          Education Assistance Act; and
              ``(3) take into consideration the consultation required 
          under section 6402(d).
  ``Sec. 6404. Agency requirements
      ``Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this 
  chapter, the head of each agency shall ensure that all of the agency's 
  grants and cooperative agreements use data standards for all future 
  information collection requests and amend existing information 
  collection requests covered by chapter 35 of title 44 (commonly 
  referred to as the Paperwork Reduction Act) to comply with the data 
  standards established under section 6402, consistent with the guidance 
  issued by the Secretary and the Director under section 6403.''.
      (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of chapters for 
  subtitle V of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
  after the item relating to chapter 63 the following new item:
  
  ``64. Data Standards for Grant Reporting....................    6401''.
  
  SEC. 4. SINGLE AUDIT ACT.
  
      (a) Amendments.--
              (1) Section 7502(h) of title 31, United States Code, is 
          amended by inserting before ``to a Federal clearinghouse'' the 
          following ``in an electronic form consistent with the data 
          standards established under chapter 64,''.
              (2) Section 7505 of title 31, United States Code, is 
          amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
      ``(d) Such guidance shall require audit-related information 
  reported under this chapter to be reported in an electronic form 
  consistent with the data standards established under chapter 64.''.
      (b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
  enactment of this Act, the Director shall issue guidance requiring 
  audit-related information reported under chapter 75 of title 31, United 
  States Code, to be reported in an electronic form consistent with the 
  data standards established under chapter 64 of title 31, United States 
  Code, as added by section 3.
  
  SEC. 5. CONSOLIDATION OF ASSISTANCE-RELATED INFORMATION; PUBLICATION OF 
                PUBLIC INFORMATION AS OPEN DATA.
  
      (a) Collection of Information.--Not later than 4 years after the 
  date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Director shall 
  enable the collection, public display, and maintenance of Federal award 
  information as a Governmentwide data set, using the data standards 
  established under chapter 64 of title 31, United States Code, as added 
  by section 3, subject to reasonable restrictions established by the 
  Director to ensure protection of personally identifiable and otherwise 
  sensitive information.
      (b) Publication of Information.--The Secretary and the Director 
  shall require the publication of recipient-reported data collected from 
  all agencies on a single public portal. Information may be published on 
  an existing Governmentwide website as determined appropriate by the 
  Director.
      (c) Foia.--Nothing in this section shall require the disclosure to 
  the public of information that would be exempt from disclosure under 
  section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the 
  ``Freedom of Information Act'').
  
  SEC. 6. EVALUATION OF NONPROPRIETARY IDENTIFIERS.
  
      (a) Determination Required.--The Director and the Secretary shall 
  determine whether to use nonproprietary identifiers under section 
  6402(a)(3)(B) of title 31, United States Code, as added by section 
  3(a).
      (b) Factors to Be Considered.--In making the determination required 
  pursuant to subsection (a), the Director and the Secretary shall 
  consider factors such as accessibility and cost to recipients of 
  Federal awards, agencies that issue Federal awards, private-sector 
  experts, and members of the public, including privacy experts and 
  privacy advocates.
      (c) Publication and Report on Determination.--Not later than the 
  earlier of 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act or the 
  date on which the Secretary and Director establish data standards 
  pursuant to section 6402(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, as 
  added by section 3(a), the Secretary and the Director shall publish and 
  submit to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform of the 
  House of Representatives and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
  of the Senate a report explaining the reasoning for the determination 
  made pursuant to subsection (a).
  
  SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.
  
      In this Act, the terms ``agency'', ``Director'', ``Federal award'', 
  and ``Secretary'' have the meaning given those terms in section 6401 of 
  title 31, United States Code, as added by section 3(a).
  
  SEC. 8. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
  
      Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, shall be 
  construed to require the collection of data that is not otherwise 
  required pursuant to any Federal law, rule, or regulation.
  
  SEC. 9. NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS AUTHORIZED.
  
      No additional funds are authorized to carry out the requirements of 
  this Act and the amendments made by
  
  
                
  
   this Act. Such requirements shall be carried out using amounts 
  otherwise authorized.
  
              Passed the House of Representatives September 26, 2018.
  
              Attest:
  
                                                   KAREN L. HAAS,
  
                                                                   Clerk.
target: Grant Reporting Efficiency and Agreements Transparency Act of 2018 or the GREAT Act This bill requires the Office of Management and Budget, jointly with&nbsp;the executive department that issues the most federal grant awards, to: (1)&nbsp;establish government-wide data standards for information reported by grant recipients, (2) issue guidance directing federal agencies to apply those standards, and (3)&nbsp;require the publication of recipient-reported data collected from all agencies on a single public website.
feat_title: Grant Reporting Efficiency and Agreements Transparency Act of 2018