text: Economy 3 Depressing Findings From A Huge New Study Of The Gender Pay Gap CREDIT: Shutterstock 
   
   On the whole, the average woman with a year-round full-time job can expect to make just 79 percent of what a man doing the same makes in a year. There are many factors that go into the disparity. Some conservatives even argue that these factors — that women getting grouped into different jobs than men or perhaps not pursuing education and advances as aggressively — are really what’s behind it. 
   
   But new data released from PayScale on Thursday tells a different story. The numbers come from a survey of about 1.4 million full-time employees over the course of two years. The company doesn’t just report the raw numbers, but also controls for various factors such as marital and family status, job, industry, seniority, geography, education, and generation. 
   
   What it found is that even with all of these variables taken into consideration, women in the survey made 2.7 percent less than men. And they make less even in a number of areas where one might think the gap would be nonexistent. 
   
   Women make less than men in every industry and job 
   
   Overall, women tend to be clustered in lower paying jobs than men. Male-dominated jobs pay a lot more per week than female ones. But women still can’t escape the pay gap by taking a job in a new area. Even when controlled for different factors, there is no industry where women earn equal or more than compared to men. Women make between 1.3 percent less than men in the real estate industry and 5.4 percent less in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas. 
   
   The same holds true when looking at groupings of occupations. In fact, women make less than men in nearly every one of the hundreds of jobs tracked by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
   
   Women make less than men even with more education 
   
   Young women are currently outpacing men in getting college degrees, which in theory could be a good sign for their pay given that college-educated people on the whole make more. But they still can’t escape the wage gap by becoming more educated. There is a gender wage gap at every education level, even when controlled for different factors. Worse, it’s even wider at the highest levels: the 2.2 percent gap in earnings between similar men and women with Associate’s degrees widens to 4.7 percent for those with an MBA and 5.1 percent for those with a PhD. 
   
   CREDIT: Andrew Breiner 
   
   Women make even less the further they get ahead at work 
   
   Some also posit that women make less because they lack enough ambition to get ahead. But women can’t outrun the wage gap by climbing to the top. The controlled gap exists at every job level and even widens as they get further ahead. Entry-level women make 2.2 percent less, while executives make 6.1 percent less. 
   
   There are some other factors that go into the gap. The controlled pay gap is highest between married men with children and married women with children. That may in part be because discrimination against mothers tends to lower their pay, while fathers get a boost. But it also likely reflects that women are much more likely to interrupt or adjust their careers in order to care for family than men. 
   
   It’s also important to remember that while white women make 22 percent less than men, the wage gap is much wider for women of color. ||||| Bloomberg Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg has encouraged women to “lean in” to their careers, but even women who make it to the top don’t make as much as men, new data shows. 
   
   The average female worker makes the most money she’ll ever earn a full 25 years before she’s likely to retire. 
   
   Between the ages of 20 and 40, the median pay for women ticks up slightly every five years until topping off at $49,000, where it stays through age 65, according to data released by salary comparison site PayScale on Thursday. But men see their salaries grow all the way until they’re at least 50, when their median earnings hit $75,000. 
   
   But the reason for the divergence at middle age isn’t simply the “obvious explanation” -- that women take time off from work to have kids and return lacking the necessary skills to move up -- as Heidi Hartmann, the president of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, puts it. Instead there are other factors at play that result in women reaching their peak earnings potential well before men, Hartmann says. 
   
   One major explanation for the trend: Female-dominated jobs, like teaching and nursing, tend to be less specialized, so they don’t demand the string of promotions and pay premiums that firms typically use to keep their best performers around, says Hartmann. Though professions that fit this bill, such as law and engineering, have certainly become more open to women than in previous years, they’re still not as gender-integrated as they could be, Hartmann says. 
   
   “It’s not really a wage gap, it’s a jobs gap,” says Katie Bardaro, PayScale’s lead economist. 
   
   Read: Gender wage gap narrows by just 1 cent 
   
   But even when men and women choose the same types of jobs, women get paid less, PayScale found. What’s more, the gap in pay only grows as men and women climb the corporate ladder. Women executives get paid 6.1% less on average than their male counterparts, PayScale found. Regular rank-and-file workers have a pay gap of just 2.2%. 
   
   “There’s discrimination,” Hartmann says. “I think that a lot of pay is still based on the head of household model.” In other words, men get paid more because the expectation is that they’re earning money for their families, whereas women’s salaries are thought of as simply a “nice to have” for a family, she says. “There’s a heck of a lot of inefficiency the way supervisors set wages,” Hartmann says. 
   
   That dynamic may in part explain why women appear to be more shy about voicing their commitment to their families. PayScale found that 52% of men say they prioritize their home life over work at least one or two times a month, versus 46% of women. “Women -- even if they do it -- don’t want to say that they do it, because they’re worried they’re being judged for it,” Bardero said. 
   
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target: – Women's earnings continue to rise slightly every five years between the ages of 20 and 40, at which point the median salary peaks at $49,000. From there until retirement 25 years later women's earnings remain flat, while men's salaries continue to grow until into their 50s, at which point the median salary is around $75,000, reports Marketwatch. This discrepancy persists even when men and women hold the same jobs, according to numbers released by salary comparison site PayScale, with a regular pay gap of 2.2% for most workers and an even higher one, 6.1%, for executives. ThinkProgress notes that the study shows the wage gap persists in every industry, at every educational level, and at every job level. "There’s discrimination," says Heidi Hartmann, the president of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. "A lot of pay is still based on the head of household model, where expectations that men earn to support their families while women earn money that's just "nice to have" persist, she says. "There’s a heck of a lot of inefficiency the way supervisors set wages." And while more women do tend to take some time off of work to start a family, this doesn't explain the stalled increase in earnings a full decade before men see the same plateau. Hartmann says that at least some of the difference may be more in the kinds of jobs women are currently taking versus men, and Payscale's lead economist backs that up. "It’s not really a wage gap, it’s a jobs gap," Katie Bardaro says. Fast Company has a more detailed breakdown, ranging from a gender wage gap of 9.4% in farming, fishing, and forestry, to 1.4% in personal care and service. (See why Jennifer Lawrence thinks she's paid less than her male co-stars.)