text: The American Cancer Society’s estimates for melanoma skin cancer in the United States for 2015 are: 
   
   About 73,870 new cases of melanoma 
   
   About 9,940 deaths from melanoma 
   
   Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers. Melanoma accounts for less than 2% of skin cancers. But it causes most skin cancer deaths. 
   
   The number of new cases of melanoma in the United States has been rising for at least 30 years. 
   
   Overall, the lifetime risk of getting melanoma is about 1 in 40 for whites, 1 in 1,000 for blacks, and 1 in 200 for Hispanics. But each person’s risk is also affected by other factors. 
   
   Unlike many other common cancers, melanoma occurs in both younger and older people. But the risk goes up with age. ||||| Researchers at King's College London have investigated a new method that could be used by GPs to quickly determine the number of moles on the entire body by counting the number found on a smaller 'proxy' body area, such as an arm. 
   
   Naevus (mole) count is one of the most important markers of risk for skin cancer despite only 20 to 40 per cent of melanoma arising from pre-existing moles. The risk is thought to increase by two to four per cent per additional mole on the body, but counting the total number on the entire body can be time consuming in a primary care setting. 
   
   Previous studies on a smaller scale have attempted to identify mole count on certain body sites as a proxy to accurately estimate the number on the body as a whole and found that the arm was the most predictive. 
   
   This study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, used a much larger sample of participants to identify the most useful 'proxy' site for a full body mole count as well as the 'cut off' number of moles that can be used to predict those at the highest risk of developing skin cancer. 
   
   The researchers used data from 3594 female Caucasian twins between January 1995 and December 2003 as part of the TwinsUK study protocol. Twins underwent a skin examination including recording skin type, hair and eye colour and freckles as well as mole count on 17 body sites performed by trained nurses. This was then replicated in a wider sample of male and female participants from a UK melanoma case control study published previously. 
   
   Scientists found that the count of moles on the right arm was most predictive of the total number on the whole body. Females with more than seven moles on their right arm had nine times the risk of having more than 50 on the whole body and those with more than 11 on their right arm were more likely to have over 100 on their body in total, meaning they were at a higher risk of developing a melanoma. 
   
   These findings could help GPs to more easily identify those at the highest risk of developing a melanoma (skin cancer). 
   
   Scientists also found that the area above the right elbow was particularly predictive of the total body count of moles. The legs were also strongly associated with the total count as well as the back area in males. 
   
   Lead author, Simone Ribero of the Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology said: 'This study follows on from previous work to identify the best proxy site for measuring the number of moles on the body as a whole. The difference here is that it has been done on a much larger scale in a healthy Caucasian population without any selection bias and subsequently replicated in a case control study from a similar healthy UK population, making the results more useful and relevant for GPs. 
   
   'The findings could have a significant impact for primary care, allowing GPs to more accurately estimate the total number of moles in a patient extremely quickly via an easily accessible body part. This would mean that more patients at risk of melanoma can be identified and monitored.' 
   
   ### ||||| Skin Cancer Facts 
   
   What does the skin do? 
   
   The skin is the largest organ of the body. It does many things, such as: 
   
   Covers your internal organs and protects them from injury 
   
   Serves as a barrier to germs 
   
   Keeps you from losing too much water and other fluids 
   
   Helps control your body temperature 
   
   Protects the rest of your body from ultraviolet (UV) rays 
   
   Helps your body make vitamin D 
   
   How common is skin cancer? 
   
   Skin cancer is the most common cancer. About 5.4 million basal and squamous cell skin cancers are diagnosed each year. (These are found in about 3.3 million Americans; some people have more than one.) Melanoma, the most deadly type of skin cancer, will account for about 76,380 cases of skin cancer in 2016. 
   
   Types of skin cancers 
   
   Skin cancer is by far the most common type of cancer. If you have skin cancer, it’s important to know which type you have because it affects your treatment options and your outlook (prognosis). 
   
   Basal and squamous cell skin cancers 
   
   These types of skin cancers start in the basal cells or squamous cells of the skin, which is how they get their names. These cells are in the outer layer of your skin. 
   
   Most basal and squamous cell cancers develop on sun-exposed areas of your skin, like the face, ears, neck, lips, and the backs of your hands. 
   
   Basal cell cancers tend to grow slowly and rarely spread to other parts of the body. Squamous cell cancers are more likely to grow into deeper layers of skin and spread, but this is not common. 
   
   Both basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers can be cured if found and treated early – when they are small and have not spread. But either type can cause problems if left untreated. 
   
   You can learn more about these skin cancers at Skin Cancer: Basal and Squamous Cell. 
   
   Melanoma skin cancer 
   
   Melanoma is a cancer that starts in melanocytes – the cells that make the brown skin pigment known as melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin helps protect the deeper layers of the skin from sun damage. 
   
   Melanoma can start on nearly any part of the skin, even in places that aren’t normally exposed to the sun, like the genital or anal areas. Melanoma most often affects the skin (including under the nails), but it can also start in other parts of the body, such as in the eyes or mouth. 
   
   Melanoma is almost always curable when it’s found in very early stages. Melanoma accounts for only a small percentage of skin cancers, but it’s much more likely to grow and spread to other parts of the body, where it can be hard to treat. Because of this, melanoma causes most skin cancer deaths, accounting for more than 10,000 of the more than 13,650 skin cancer deaths each year. 
   
   You can learn more at Melanoma Skin Cancer. 
   
   Other types of skin cancer 
   
   There are many other types of skin cancer, such as Merkel cell carcinoma, skin lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, skin adnexal tumors, and sarcomas. These are all much less common than basal or squamous cell cancers or melanomas. 
   
   Skin cancer risk factors 
   
   Risk factors for skin cancer include: 
   
   Too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (from sunlight or tanning beds and lamps) 
   
   Pale skin (easily sunburned, doesn’t tan much or at all, natural red or blond hair) 
   
   Exposure to large amounts of coal tar, paraffin, arsenic compounds, or certain types of oil 
   
   You or members of your family have had skin cancers 
   
   Multiple or unusual moles 
   
   Severe sunburns in the past 
   
   Weakened immune system 
   
   Older age (although melanomas are also found in younger people) 
   
   Signs and symptoms of skin cancer 
   
   Skin cancer can be found early, and you and your health care providers play key roles in finding skin cancer. Learn how to examine your skin for changes. If you have any of these symptoms, see a provider: 
   
   Any change on your skin, especially in the size or color of a mole, growth, or spot, or a new growth (even if it has no color) 
   
   Scaliness, roughness, oozing, bleeding, or a change in the way an area of skin looks 
   
   A sore that doesn’t heal 
   
   The spread of pigment (color) beyond its border, such as dark coloring that spreads past the edge of a mole or mark 
   
   A change in sensation, such as itchiness, tenderness, or pain 
   
   To see some examples of different types of skin cancers, see our Skin Cancer Image Gallery. 
   
   Can skin cancer be prevented? 
   
   The best ways to help lower your risk of skin cancer is to stay out of intense sunlight and practice sun safety. You can still exercise and enjoy the outdoors while practicing sun safety at the same time. Here are some ways to be sun safe: ||||| People who have 11 or more moles on one of their arms could have a higher risk of the deadly skin cancer melanoma, according to a new study. 
   
   Researchers counted the number of moles that study participants had on 17 sites on the skin of their bodies — such as the left leg, the chest and the back — and found that the arms were the site that was the best indicator of the total number of moles on the whole body. 
   
   For example, women with at least seven moles on an arm were nine times more likely to have at least 50 moles on their entire body than those who had fewer than seven moles on their right arm. And those with at least 11 moles on an arm were more likely to have at least 100 moles on their whole body — a sign of a drastically increased risk of skin cancer. 
   
   The findings suggest that the arm could be the best place to look to estimate the number of moles on the whole body. "Many different body sites were predictive of total body mole count, but at the end, the strongest one was the arm," said lead study author Simone Ribero, a research fellow at King's College London, adding that the right or left arm work as a good indicator of the total number of moles on the whole body. [5 Things You Must Know About Skin Cancer ] 
   
   There will be an estimated 74,000 new cases of melanoma in the United States in 2015, and 10,000 of those people will die of the disease this year, according to the National Cancer Institute. 
   
   The total number of moles a person has is an important marker that can help determine their risk of skin cancer, according to the researchers. 
   
   In the new study, the researchers looked at data from 3,694 female Caucasian twins who were taking part in a long-running study of twins in the United Kingdom, called the TwinsUK study. Between January 1995 and December 2003, the participants underwent a skin examination in which researchers recorded their skin type, eye color and freckles, hair color and moles. 
   
   The researchers also confirmed the link they found between total mole count and the number of moles on the right arm using data from another study, which included male and female participants. 
   
   Two other body sites — the area above the right elbow, and the legs — were also found to be particularly predictive of a person's total body mole count. In men, the number of moles on the back was a good indicator of total mole count as well, the researchers said. 
   
   A person's melanoma risk is thought to increase by 2 to 4 percent with each additional mole on the body, the researchers said. However, determining the total number of moles on the whole body can be difficult and time-consuming. 
   
   "Every dermatologist and physician in general knows that the risk of melanoma increases with the total body number of moles, but counting moles is a very long procedure," Riberosaid. "We hope that this technique will be helpful for this." 
   
   However, there are other factors that may better determine a person's risk of melanoma, said Dr. Hooman Khorasani, chief of dermatologic and cosmetic surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, who was not involved in the study. 
   
   "Genetic composition is way more important, as well as how the moles look," Khorasani said. For example, moles that doctors call "dysplastic nevi," which are unusual, benign moles butthat resemble moles that indicate the presence of melanoma are essential to distinguish from other moles because they signal an increased cancer risk. 
   
   According to the American Cancer Society, people with greater exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, and those with fair skin, freckles, light hair or a family history of melanoma face an increased risk of melanoma. 
   
   "It's more important that you look at a person's risk factors than count the number of moles on their arm," Khorasani said. 
   
   The study was published Monday (Oct. 19) in the British Journal of Dermatology. 
   
   Follow Live Science @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Originally published on Live Science.
target: – This year will see almost 10,000 deaths in the US from melanoma, with nearly 74,000 new cases diagnosed. But most skin cancers, including melanoma, are curable if caught and treated early, which is why doctors are anxious to ID them ASAP. Researchers at King's College London say they've found a way to simplify counting one of the disease's prime markers—moles on the body—by using a "proxy site" that would allow physicians to more quickly pinpoint individuals who might need follow-up. Instead of going through the laborious process of counting moles on the entire body, doctors can count moles on the right arm, then use that figure to extrapolate to the number of moles on the body overall, per a press release. And there's a specific number that could serve as a warning sign: Find more than 11 moles on that arm, and your risk of melanoma could be higher. Researchers looked at data from nearly 4,000 female Caucasian twins who were studied between 1995 and 2003. They counted the number of moles on 17 body sites and found women who had at least seven moles on their right arm were nine times more likely to have at least 50 moles all over their body, and that when they had more than 11 moles on their right arm, they were likely to have more than 100 moles—signifying "a drastically increased risk of skin cancer," per Live Science. The scientists then replicated the link between arm mole count and total body mole count using another study that included both males and females. "The findings could have a significant impact for primary care, allowing GPs to more accurately estimate the total number of moles in a patient extremely quickly via an easily accessible body part," the study's lead author says. Two other proxy sites that may prompt a doctor visit: above the right elbow and the legs. (Downing a few cups of joe may help fend off malignant melanoma.)