text: Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption Tjibbe Joustra, chairman of the Dutch Safety Board: "The plane broke up in the air" 
   
   Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 crashed as a result of a Russian-made Buk missile, the Dutch Safety Board says. 
   
   The missile hit the front left of the plane causing other parts to break off, it said in a final report into the July 2014 disaster, which killed 298 people. 
   
   The West and Ukraine say Russian-backed rebels brought down the Boeing 777, but Russia blames Ukrainian forces. 
   
   The report does not say who fired the missile, but says airspace over eastern Ukraine should have been closed. 
   
   The plane - flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur - crashed at the height of the conflict between government troops and pro-Russian separatists. 
   
   Most of the victims were Dutch - 196, including some with dual nationality. The other passengers and crew were nationals from 10 countries. 
   
   How the findings were presented 
   
   A separate Dutch-led criminal investigation is under way. 
   
   The report says the three crew members in the cockpit were killed by the missile explosion instantly. 
   
   However, it adds, it was unclear at which point the others died, and the possibility of some remaining conscious for some time during the one-and-a-half minutes it took for the plane to go down could not be ruled out. 
   
   Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption An animated video from the Dutch Safety Board shows the damage to the plane and how it was caused 
   
   Matching paint 
   
   Presenting its findings at the Gilze-Rijen military base in the Netherlands, the safety board showed plane parts that had been brought back from the rebel-held Donetsk region and reconstructed. 
   
   Board president Djibbe Joustra said the impact pattern could not have been caused by a meteor, an air-to-air missile or an internal explosion. 
   
   Instead, he said, a warhead carried by a surface-to-air missile had detonated above the left-hand side of the cockpit, causing structural damage. 
   
   Image copyright Dutch Safety Board Image caption This oxygen mask was found around the neck of one of the passengers, suggesting death was not immediate 
   
   Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption Jeremy Pocock, father of Ben Pocock: "We have to make sure there is justice at the end of this" 
   
   Mr Joustra said the missile was a Buk - which experts say both Russian and Ukrainian armies possess. 
   
   He added that paint had been found on metal fragments within the plane that matched with missile fragments on the ground. 
   
   Mr Joustra also said there had been sufficient reason to close off Ukrainian airspace but Ukraine did not do that - and on the day of the crash, 160 flights flew over the area in question. 
   
   Read more 
   
   Key findings - Dutch Safety Board report in a nutshell 
   
   Malaysia plane crash: What we know - How flight MH17 unfolded 
   
   A reporter's story - Searching for truth at the crash site 
   
   Remembering the victims - Shared sadness and sunflowers 
   
   The board does not have the authority to apportion blame, under the rules governing international crash investigations. 
   
   But speaking to reporters after the news conference, Mr Joustra said pro-Russian rebels were in charge of the area from where the missile that hit MH17 had been fired. 
   
   The government in Ukraine and several Western officials have said the missile was brought from Russia into the rebel-held part of Ukraine. 
   
   The Dutch-led criminal investigation has already published photos of the launcher being transported around rebel areas. 
   
   Warhead discrepancy 
   
   In the report, the Dutch Safety Board says the weapon used was a 9N314M-model warhead carried on the 9M38M1 missile, as installed on the Buk surface-to-air missile system. 
   
   It adds that the type of fragments found in the wreckage and bodies of crew members in the cockpit were bow-tie or cube shaped - only found in the 9N314M warhead. 
   
   Image copyright Dutch Safety Board 
   
   Image copyright Dutch Safety Board 
   
   However, the Russian side disputed the Dutch findings insisting that only older warheads and missiles of the 9M38 type still in the hands of the Ukrainian army could have been used as they were the only weapons with "butterfly or bow-tie" fragments. The Russian army had phased them out. 
   
   "The 9M38M1 missile has no H-shaped striking elements," Yan Novikov, the head of Buk missile company Almaz-Antey said. 
   
   In their submission to the Dutch report, the Russian experts argue that investigators should not have discounted other potential reasons for plane's destruction, such as an air-to-air rocket. This is completely rejected by the Dutch Safety Board. 
   
   Dutch Prosecutor Fred Westerbeke on Tuesday said a number of "persons of interest" had been identified, but there was still much to be done and the inquiry would not be finished this year. 
   
   In official reaction on Tuesday: 
   
   Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte urged Russia to co-operate in the investigation, saying "the priority now is to find and pursue those who are responsible" 
   
   Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk says he had "no doubt" that the crash was "a planned operation of the Russian special services" 
   
   The White House said the US would "fully support all efforts to bring to justice those responsible" 
   
   Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov called the Dutch crash investigation "biased in nature" and said Russia was "ready to present its own information" 
   
   Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said his government's "commitment to bringing the perpetrators to justice remains as strong as it was on that fateful day 17 July 2014" 
   
   Eduard Basurin, deputy defence minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in eastern Ukraine, said rebel forces "did not have a Buk anti-air defence system at that time". 
   
   Report 'wrong' 
   
   Earlier, Russian officials from Almaz-Antey - the state firm that manufactures Buk missiles - said the evidence suggested the plane had been shot down by a Buk missile fired by Ukrainian forces. 
   
   Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption The report left key questions unanswered 
   
   Using their own simulation, the officials said the missile had been fired from Zaroshchenke in Ukrainian-controlled territory, some 20km (12 miles) away from the area highlighted by the Dutch report. 
   
   They argued the missile used was a decades-old model no longer used by Russian forces. 
   
   In July, Russia vetoed a draft resolution at the UN Security Council to set up an international tribunal into the MH17 air disaster. 
   
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   Issuing the long-awaited findings of its investigation into the crash of a Malaysian passenger plane over eastern Ukraine, the Dutch Safety Board says it was downed by a Russian-made Buk missile but does not say who was responsible for firing it. Rough Cut (no reporter narration). 
   
   Gilze-Rijen (Netherlands) (AFP) - Investigators concluded Tuesday that Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down by a Russian-made BUK missile fired over war-torn Ukraine, but 15 months after the disaster Russia and the West remain locked in a bitter blame game. 
   
   The Dutch-led inquiry did not identify who launched the missile that crashed into the Boeing 777 on July 17, 2014, killing all 298 people on board. 
   
   But Russia, Ukraine and Western nations all seized the moment to step up accusations that the fault for the tragedy lay at someone else's door. 
   
   "Flight MH17 crashed as a result of the detonation of a warhead outside the airplane against the left-hand side of the cockpit," the chairman of the Dutch Safety Board, Tjibbe Joustra, told a press conference. 
   
   "This warhead fits the kind of missile that is installed in the BUK surface-to-air missile system." 
   
   The inquiry delineated a 320-square-kilometre (120 square mile) area in eastern Ukraine from which the missile must have been fired. 
   
   View gallery Tjibbe Joustra, chairman of the Dutch Safety Board, presents the final report into the crash of July … 
   
   And while the report did not specify whether it was under the control of pro-Russian separatists battling Ukrainian forces, the board's chairman Joustra later seemed to suggest it was. 
   
   "It's an area where the borders have fluctuated a lot, but it's a territory where the pro-Russian rebels have laid down the law," he told Dutch media after briefing lawmakers. 
   
   The much-anticipated report also said it was possible that some on board the flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur may have remained conscious during the 90 seconds it took to crash. 
   
   - Conspiracy theories - 
   
   The White House, which has long accused pro-Russian rebels of being behind the attack, said its "assessment is unchanged -- MH17 was shot down by a surface-to-air missile fired from separatist-controlled territory in eastern Ukraine." 
   
   View gallery An Emergencies Ministry member walks at a site of a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 plane crash near th … 
   
   British Defence Secretary Michael Fallon told AFP the report was a "step closer to the truth" and "undermines completely the conspiracy theories that Russia has trying to put around since this appalling act." 
   
   But Moscow reacted angrily saying it had "serious doubts" about the goal of an investigation conducted in the Netherlands, adding it was merely "a justification of accusations that were put forward before." 
   
   Hundreds of people, who attended the release of the report at a Dutch air base, were confronted with the eerie reconstruction of the plane's cockpit, composed of recovered wreckage. 
   
   Standing in front of the reconstruction, Joustra also hit out at Kiev for not shutting down the airspace above the conflict zone. 
   
   On the day that MH17 was blown out of the skies, some 160 commercial flights overflew the area, the inquiry said. 
   
   View gallery College students gather around candles forming the shape of an airplane, during a candlelight vigil … 
   
   "There was sufficient reason for the Ukrainian authorities to close the air space above the eastern part of their country," Joustra said. 
   
   Kiev hit back however that such a conclusion was "groundless" as it had been in the process of "gradually closing all sky corridors of an altitude of 9,750 metres and less." 
   
   - Closure for families - 
   
   Relatives were visibly shaken after first being privately briefed by Joustra in The Hague. 
   
   "They showed us the fragments that were inside the plane," Oehlers said, adding in the room "it was so quiet, you could have heard a pin drop." 
   
   View gallery A military policeman stands guard in the cockpit of the MH17 airplane after the presentation of the … 
   
   The downing of MH17 threw the global spotlight back on the uprising in eastern Ukraine and was followed by a toughening of Western sanctions against Russia. 
   
   Tuesday's findings were swiftly dismissed by the missile maker Almaz-Antey, which said its tests showed the jet being likely shot down by an outdated version of the BUK missile no longer used by Russia. 
   
   Nick de Larrinaga, Europe Editor for IHS Jane's Defence Weekly, queried that argument, telling AFP: "This is not borne out by the evidence, which shows they remained in Russian service and in Russian military stockpiles at the time of the shootdown." 
   
   Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk wasted no time in pointing the finger at Russia. 
   
   "I personally have no doubt that this was a planned operation of the Russian special services aimed at downing a civilian aircraft," Yatsenyuk told a cabinet meeting. 
   
   View gallery Local workers transport a piece of the Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 wreckage at the site of the pla … 
   
   The Dutch report makes 11 recommendations, aiming to improve safety for civilian aircraft. 
   
   They include that countries involved in a conflict should close their air space in a timely manner, and that stricter rules should be applied by international aviation bodies. 
   
   But it has stressed its mandate was not to determine who pulled the trigger, amid a separate criminal probe by Dutch prosecutors. 
   
   Malaysia vowed it would seek the prosecution of the "trigger happy criminals" who downed the flight, the second aviation tragedy for the country after the mysterious disappearance of flight MH370 in March 2014. 
   
   Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte meanwhile called on Russia to cooperate in the criminal investigation, adding "the priority now is to find and pursue those who are responsible." 
   
   Relative Pierre Chardom, who lost his 51-year-old brother in the disaster, told AFP he felt had some "closure on all the uncertainty which I had had until now." ||||| Tweet with a location 
   
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target: – A Dutch report on the MH17 crash concludes the plane was shot down by a Russian-made Buk surface-to-air missile that struck the front left side of the plane near the cockpit, Dutch Safety Board Chairman Tjibbe Joustra said at a press conference on Tuesday. The report, the result of a 15-month-long investigation, notes the explosion sent thousands of metal objects in all directions and hundreds hit the plane with "tremendous force," Joustra said, per the Guardian. He added shrapnel from the Buk missile was found inside the bodies of the pilots, who died instantly, along with traces of paint from a Buk missile. The BBC's Anna Holligan, who spoke to relatives briefed on the report, says all passengers and crew would've lost consciousness immediately as the plane broke apart in the air. A 65-foot reconstruction of a portion of the plane, revealed at the press conference, showed holes perforating the upper part of the cockpit, according to reporter Luke Harding. "We can't be 100% sure" that no one suffered, "but we've got to sort of think that was the case," a relative says. The report mainly focuses on the cause of the crash and avoids "blame and culpability"; a separate criminal investigation will point fingers, reports AFP. The report at least rejects Moscow's claim that the Boeing 777 was downed by a missile fired by Ukrainian troops on July 17, 2014, on a flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur. But about 30 minutes before the report's release, Moscow had dismissed it. "It's always special when people already know that they don't agree with a report that's not even published yet," Joustra said.