epidermolysis bullosa ( eb ) refers to a group of inherited disorders that involve the formation of blisters following trivial trauma .
eb pruriginosa is a type of dystrophic eb caused by type vii collagen gene mutation , with distinctive clinico - pathological features .
it is characterized by nodular prurigo - like lichenified lesions , nail dystrophy , and variable presence of albopapuloid lesions .
most cases are sporadic , but a few show autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance . in india , very few cases of eb pruriginosa have been reported . here
a 52-year - old lady presented to our outpatient department with complaints of itching and blackish discoloration of skin of both the lower limbs for more than 35 years and fluid filled lesions over the lower limbs since two years .
there was no history of drug intake before the onset of lesions nor any seasonal exacerbation .
patient was a known case of diabetes since five years and on regular treatment . on examination , multiple lichenified papules to nodules were present over the lower limbs extending from the knee to the ankle joint .
lichenified papules to nodules over the shin with depigmentation and scarring on histopathological examination , epidermis showed subepidermal and intraepidermal bulla with degeneration of keratinocytes .
foci of cellular infiltrate consisting of fragmented neutrophils with occasional mononuclear cells and hemorrhage [ figures 2 and 6 ] .
h and e ,  40 lichenoid papules over both shins extending on to the knee subepidermal bulla filled with fibrin and rbcs .
h and e ,  40 close up photomicrograph of the second patient close up photomicrograph of first patient a 34-year - old female patient came to the outpatient department with complaints of skin lesion over both the lower limbs associated with intense itching was noted since 15 years .
cutaneous examination revealed lichenoid papules over both shins extending on to the knee [ figures 3 and 7 ] .
dermis showed perivascular mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate and cyst lined by stratified squamous epithelium [ figures 4 and 5 ] .
close up of first patient the patient was started on topical steroids with systemic antihistamines with minimal response after one month .
a 52-year - old lady presented to our outpatient department with complaints of itching and blackish discoloration of skin of both the lower limbs for more than 35 years and fluid filled lesions over the lower limbs since two years .
there was no history of drug intake before the onset of lesions nor any seasonal exacerbation .
patient was a known case of diabetes since five years and on regular treatment . on examination , multiple lichenified papules to nodules were present over the lower limbs extending from the knee to the ankle joint .
lichenified papules to nodules over the shin with depigmentation and scarring on histopathological examination , epidermis showed subepidermal and intraepidermal bulla with degeneration of keratinocytes .
foci of cellular infiltrate consisting of fragmented neutrophils with occasional mononuclear cells and hemorrhage [ figures 2 and 6 ] .
h and e ,  40 lichenoid papules over both shins extending on to the knee subepidermal bulla filled with fibrin and rbcs .
h and e ,  40 close up photomicrograph of the second patient close up photomicrograph of first patient
a 34-year - old female patient came to the outpatient department with complaints of skin lesion over both the lower limbs associated with intense itching was noted since 15 years .
cutaneous examination revealed lichenoid papules over both shins extending on to the knee [ figures 3 and 7 ] .
dermis showed perivascular mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate and cyst lined by stratified squamous epithelium [ figures 4 and 5 ] .
close up of first patient the patient was started on topical steroids with systemic antihistamines with minimal response after one month .
eb pruriginosa is a type of dystrophic eb termed by mcgrath in 1994 , though a number reports of similar condition have appeared in literature since 1946 . in the one original series of eight cases reported by mcgrath , three had family history of similar skin disease , with two showing an autosomal dominant and the other an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance . in our cases
genetic linkage studies in families with dominant and recessive dystrophic eb have confirmed tight linkage to the type vii collagen gene .
structural protein abnormalities of type vii collagen either in the helical portion or the globular end domains suggesting the possible influence of type vii collagen gene , along with some other factor , might be responsible for causing a variety of abnormalities in the collagen helix assembly dimer formation or lateral aggregation , thus resulting in a diversity of clinical features .
recent molecular analysis studies have revealed a glycine substitution within the triple helical collagenous domain of the type vii molecule , to be exclusively associated with the dominant dystrophic eb , and eb pruirigunosa .
eb pruriginosa presents either at birth with mild acral blistering and erosions , or during infancy or childhood . in adults ,
the lesions are chiefly lichenified plaques . in both of our cases the lesions presented in early adolescence
. the condition is characterized by extremely pruritic linear lichenified or nodular prurigo - like lesions predominantly over legs , occasional trauma - induced blistering , excoriations , milia , nail dystrophy and in some case albopapuloid lesions on the trunk .
possibly , the exposure of type vii collagen is known to trigger the activation of the kinin cascade .
histopathology of the lesion of the original series showed hyperkeratosis , mild acanthosis , disruption of the dermoepidermal junction and frank subepidermal blister formation in some areas .
ultrastructurally , there were alterations in the number and structure of anchoring fibrils in the lesional and perilesional skin consistent with a diagnosis of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa .
treatment is symptomatic and is aimed at controlling pruritus and halting the progression of cutaneous lesions .
potent topical steroids and intralesional triamcinolone have been reported to reduce the pruritus in some cases , but do not produce sustained improvement .
however , successful results have been achieved with topical tacrolimus and thalidomide , as well as cyclosporine .
oral administration of cyclosporine has been reported in one case as controlling the cutaneous lesions and decreasing the pruritus .
genetic counselling and gene therapy probably remain the most promising approaches . as in other forms of dystrophic eb ,
a prenatal diagnosis is possible by finding a cleft / blister formation at dermo - epidermal junction by light microscopy or more precisely by electron microscopy in fetal skin biopsy taken at 15 to 18 weeks of gestation .
similarly , rapid prenatal diagnosis may be possible by using lh 7:2 monoclonal antibody staining of skin samples obtained from 18 weeks fetus at risk .
 epidermolysis bullosa ( eb ) pruriginosa is a very rare pattern of dystrophic eb caused by type vii collagen gene mutation , with distinctive clinico - pathological features . 
 it is characterized by nodular prurigo - like lichenified lesions , nail dystrophy , and variable presence of albopapuloid lesions . 
 we report two such cases . 