members of the genus desulfosporosinus are often found in acidic mining environments , , , , , , , , , .
these bacteria may participate in metal detoxification by precipitating them in the form of sulfides .
desulfosporosinus acidiphilus 
  and desulfosporosinus acididurans 
 , both isolated from mining environments , represent the only two validly described , moderately acidophilic sulfate - reducing bacteria .
are also known for their tolerance to metals , in particular to copper , , .
bg was isolated from the tailings pond sediment of the bom - gorkhon molybdenum - tungsten mine in the transbaikal area .
bg to verify its phylogenetic relationship with the known acidophiles belonging to this genus and compare the putative mechanisms , which enable the bacteria to withstand acid and metal stress .
genomic dna was extracted from desulfosporosinus sp . bg biomass using the sds - ctab method .
genomic dna was sequenced with a roche genome sequencer flx ( gs flx ) , using the titanium xl  + protocol for a shotgun library .
about 189  mb of sequences with an average read length of 495  nt were generated .
the reads were de novo assembled into contigs using the newbler assembler version 2.9 ( 454 life sciences , branford , ct ) . the resulting draft genome sequence of desulfosporosinus sp . bg consists of 156 contigs longer than 500  bp , with a total length of 4,536,051  bp .
gene search and annotation were performed for all contigs longer than 500  bp using the rast server   following manual curation .
the draft genome of desulfosporosinus sp . bg was around 4.52  mb , which is a relatively small size , compared to desulfosporosinus orientis  5.86  mb ( nc_016584 ) , desulfosporosinus youngiae  5.66  mb ( nz_cm001441 ) , desulfosporosinus meridei  4.87  mb ( nz_cm001441.1 ) , and desulfosporosinus acidiphilus  4.93  mb ( nc_018068 ) .
however , the acidophilic desulfosporosinus acididurans has approximately the same size genome , 4.64  mb ( nz_ldzy00000000.1 ) , as strain bg .
the genome includes 4516 protein - coding genes , 67 trna genes , and 9 rrna genes .
the phylogenetic analysis based on concatenation of 32 ribosomal proteins showed that strain bg clustered with the acidophilic , copper - resistant desulfosporosinus sp .
the closest relative of strain bg was desulfosporosinus sp . ot isolated previously from the norilsk mining area .
several major mechanisms notable for the acid- and metal - tolerance were detected in the desulfosporosinus sp .
the acid - tolerance determinants included the k - transporting atpase kdpabc ( dsbg_rs17700-kdpa , dsbg_rs17705-kdpb , dsbg_rs17710-kdpc ) , which participates in the generation of internal positive membrane potential preventing proton influx to the cytoplasm . strain bg along with desulfosporosinus sp .
ot has an na / h antiporter ( dsbg_rs05820 ) , known as the key transporter in maintaining the ph of actively metabolizing cells .
phylogenetic analysis shows that the antiporter was likely acquired from bacillus via lateral gene transfer . additionally , strain bg has proton - consuming decarboxylases  the arginine decarboxylase ( dsbg_rs13090 ) and the lysine decarboxylase ( dsbg_rs07860 ) , which are involved in the mechanism of coping with low ph environment enterobacteria .
it comprises an operon with transcriptional regulator csor ( dsbg_rs14110 ) and copper chaperon copz ( dsbg_rs14120 ) .
consistent with the phylogenetic position derived from ribosomal proteins , the closest relatives of the cu - atpase of strain bg were proteins from desulfosporosinus sp . ot ( sequence similarity 97% ) and desulfosporoinus sp .
two ib p - type atpases primarily responsible for translocating cd and other closely - related divalent co , hg , pb , and zn ions , were found in strain bg genome .
one of the atpases ( dsbg_rs14085 ) is present in all available desulfosporosinus genomes and located close to the cu - atpase .
interestingly , another cadmium atpase ( dsbg_rs14615 ) has orthologous genes only in desulfosporosinus sp .
i2 ( 88% ) , desulfosporosinus acidiphilus ( 85% ) , and uncultivated desulfosporosinus sp .
physiological studies did not reveal outstanding tolerance to cobalt , nickel , and cadmium in strain bg . in conclusion
, we have revealed additional transporters that are not available genomes of other members of this genus .
the strain has heavy metal transporters that can enable it to tolerate high concentrations of lead , mercury , or zinc .
genomic dna was extracted from desulfosporosinus sp . bg biomass using the sds - ctab method .
genomic dna was sequenced with a roche genome sequencer flx ( gs flx ) , using the titanium xl  + protocol for a shotgun library .
about 189  mb of sequences with an average read length of 495  nt were generated .
the reads were de novo assembled into contigs using the newbler assembler version 2.9 ( 454 life sciences , branford , ct ) . the resulting draft genome sequence of desulfosporosinus sp . bg consists of 156 contigs longer than 500  bp , with a total length of 4,536,051  bp .
gene search and annotation were performed for all contigs longer than 500  bp using the rast server   following manual curation .
the draft genome of desulfosporosinus sp . bg was around 4.52  mb , which is a relatively small size , compared to desulfosporosinus orientis  5.86  mb ( nc_016584 ) , desulfosporosinus youngiae  5.66  mb ( nz_cm001441 ) , desulfosporosinus meridei  4.87  mb ( nz_cm001441.1 ) , and desulfosporosinus acidiphilus  4.93  mb ( nc_018068 ) .
however , the acidophilic desulfosporosinus acididurans has approximately the same size genome , 4.64  mb ( nz_ldzy00000000.1 ) , as strain bg .
the genome includes 4516 protein - coding genes , 67 trna genes , and 9 rrna genes . the phylogenetic analysis based on concatenation of 32 ribosomal proteins showed that strain bg clustered with the acidophilic , copper - resistant desulfosporosinus sp .
the closest relative of strain bg was desulfosporosinus sp . ot isolated previously from the norilsk mining area .
several major mechanisms notable for the acid- and metal - tolerance were detected in the desulfosporosinus sp .
the acid - tolerance determinants included the k - transporting atpase kdpabc ( dsbg_rs17700-kdpa , dsbg_rs17705-kdpb , dsbg_rs17710-kdpc ) , which participates in the generation of internal positive membrane potential preventing proton influx to the cytoplasm .
ot has an na / h antiporter ( dsbg_rs05820 ) , known as the key transporter in maintaining the ph of actively metabolizing cells .
phylogenetic analysis shows that the antiporter was likely acquired from bacillus via lateral gene transfer . additionally , strain bg has proton - consuming decarboxylases  the arginine decarboxylase ( dsbg_rs13090 ) and the lysine decarboxylase ( dsbg_rs07860 ) , which are involved in the mechanism of coping with low ph environment enterobacteria .
it comprises an operon with transcriptional regulator csor ( dsbg_rs14110 ) and copper chaperon copz ( dsbg_rs14120 ) .
consistent with the phylogenetic position derived from ribosomal proteins , the closest relatives of the cu - atpase of strain bg were proteins from desulfosporosinus sp . ot ( sequence similarity 97% ) and desulfosporoinus sp .
two ib p - type atpases primarily responsible for translocating cd and other closely - related divalent co , hg , pb , and zn ions , were found in strain bg genome .
one of the atpases ( dsbg_rs14085 ) is present in all available desulfosporosinus genomes and located close to the cu - atpase .
interestingly , another cadmium atpase ( dsbg_rs14615 ) has orthologous genes only in desulfosporosinus sp .
i2 ( 88% ) , desulfosporosinus acidiphilus ( 85% ) , and uncultivated desulfosporosinus sp . brhc37 ( 90% ) , but not in any other available desulfosporosinus genomes .
physiological studies did not reveal outstanding tolerance to cobalt , nickel , and cadmium in strain bg . in conclusion , we have revealed additional transporters that are not available genomes of other members of this genus .
the strain has heavy metal transporters that can enable it to tolerate high concentrations of lead , mercury , or zinc .
 here , we report on the draft genome of a copper - resistant and acidophilic desulfosporosinus sp . 
 bg , isolated from the tailings of a molybdenum - tungsten mine in transbaikal area . 
 the draft genome has a size of 4.52  mb and encodes transporters of heavy metals . the phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated ribosomal proteins revealed that strain bg clusters together with the other acidophilic copper - resistant strains 
 desulfosporosinus sp . ot and desulfosporosinus sp . 
 i2 . 
 the k+-atpase , na+/h+ antiporter and amino acid decarboxylases may participate in enabling growth at low ph . 
 the draft genome sequence and annotation have been deposited at genbank under the accession number nz_mass00000000 . 