feat_summary_path: finished_summaries/novelguide/Tess of the d'Urbervilles/section_5_part_2.txt
feat_book_id: Tess of the d'Urbervilles.chapter xxxvi
feat_summary_id: chapter xxxvi
feat_summary: {"name": "Chapter XXXVI", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210213065711/https://www.novelguide.com/tess-of-the-durbervilles/summaries/phase5-chapter35-44", "summary": "The following morning Angel prepares breakfast and leaves to go to the flour mill: \"the pair, in truth, were but the ashes of their former selves\". Tess suggests divorce but he says it is impossible. She suggests returning home, and he agrees", "analysis": ""}
text: 
  
  Clare arose in the light of a dawn that was ashy and furtive, as
  though associated with crime.  The fireplace confronted him with its
  extinct embers; the spread supper-table, whereon stood the two full
  glasses of untasted wine, now flat and filmy; her vacated seat and
  his own; the other articles of furniture, with their eternal look of
  not being able to help it, their intolerable inquiry what was to be
  done?  From above there was no sound; but in a few minutes there came
  a knock at the door.  He remembered that it would be the neighbouring
  cottager's wife, who was to minister to their wants while they
  remained here.
  
  The presence of a third person in the house would be extremely
  awkward just now, and, being already dressed, he opened the window
  and informed her that they could manage to shift for themselves that
  morning.  She had a milk-can in her hand, which he told her to leave
  at the door.  When the dame had gone away he searched in the back
  quarters of the house for fuel, and speedily lit a fire.  There was
  plenty of eggs, butter, bread, and so on in the larder, and Clare
  soon had breakfast laid, his experiences at the dairy having rendered
  him facile in domestic preparations.  The smoke of the kindled wood
  rose from the chimney without like a lotus-headed column; local
  people who were passing by saw it, and thought of the newly-married
  couple, and envied their happiness.
  
  Angel cast a final glance round, and then going to the foot of the
  stairs, called in a conventional voice--
  
  "Breakfast is ready!"
  
  He opened the front door, and took a few steps in the morning air.
  When, after a short space, he came back she was already in the
  sitting-room mechanically readjusting the breakfast things.  As she
  was fully attired, and the interval since his calling her had been
  but two or three minutes, she must have been dressed or nearly so
  before he went to summon her.  Her hair was twisted up in a large
  round mass at the back of her head, and she had put on one of the
  new frocks--a pale blue woollen garment with neck-frillings of
  white.  Her hands and face appeared to be cold, and she had possibly
  been sitting dressed in the bedroom a long time without any fire.
  The marked civility of Clare's tone in calling her seemed to have
  inspired her, for the moment, with a new glimmer of hope.  But it
  soon died when she looked at him.
  
  The pair were, in truth, but the ashes of their former fires.  To the
  hot sorrow of the previous night had succeeded heaviness; it seemed
  as if nothing could kindle either of them to fervour of sensation any
  more.
  
  He spoke gently to her, and she replied with a like
  undemonstrativeness.  At last she came up to him, looking in his
  sharply-defined face as one who had no consciousness that her own
  formed a visible object also.
  
  "Angel!" she said, and paused, touching him with her fingers lightly
  as a breeze, as though she could hardly believe to be there in the
  flesh the man who was once her lover.  Her eyes were bright, her pale
  cheek still showed its wonted roundness, though half-dried tears had
  left glistening traces thereon; and the usually ripe red mouth was
  almost as pale as her cheek.  Throbbingly alive as she was still,
  under the stress of her mental grief the life beat so brokenly that
  a little further pull upon it would cause real illness, dull her
  characteristic eyes, and make her mouth thin.
  
  She looked absolutely pure.  Nature, in her fantastic trickery, had
  set such a seal of maidenhood upon Tess's countenance that he gazed
  at her with a stupefied air.
  
  "Tess!  Say it is not true!  No, it is not true!"
  
  "It is true."
  
  "Every word?"
  
  "Every word."
  
  He looked at her imploringly, as if he would willingly have taken a
  lie from her lips, knowing it to be one, and have made of it, by some
  sort of sophistry, a valid denial. However, she only repeated--
  
  "It is true."
  
  "Is he living?" Angel then asked.
  
  "The baby died."
  
  "But the man?"
  
  "He is alive."
  
  A last despair passed over Clare's face.
  
  "Is he in England?"
  
  "Yes."
  
  He took a few vague steps.
  
  "My position--is this," he said abruptly.  "I thought--any man would
  have thought--that by giving up all ambition to win a wife with
  social standing, with fortune, with knowledge of the world, I should
  secure rustic innocence as surely as I should secure pink cheeks;
  but--However, I am no man to reproach you, and I will not."
  
  Tess felt his position so entirely that the remainder had not been
  needed.  Therein lay just the distress of it; she saw that he had
  lost all round.
  
  "Angel--I should not have let it go on to marriage with you if I had
  not known that, after all, there was a last way out of it for you;
  though I hoped you would never--"
  
  Her voice grew husky.
  
  "A last way?"
  
  "I mean, to get rid of me.  You CAN get rid of me."
  
  "How?"
  
  "By divorcing me."
  
  "Good heavens--how can you be so simple!  How can I divorce you?"
  
  "Can't you--now I have told you?  I thought my confession would give
  you grounds for that."
  
  "O Tess--you are too, too--childish--unformed--crude, I suppose!  I
  don't know what you are.  You don't understand the law--you don't
  understand!"
  
  "What--you cannot?"
  
  "Indeed I cannot."
  
  A quick shame mixed with the misery upon his listener's face.
  
  "I thought--I thought," she whispered.  "O, now I see how wicked I
  seem to you!  Believe me--believe me, on my soul, I never thought but
  that you could!  I hoped you would not; yet I believed, without a
  doubt, that you could cast me off if you were determined, and didn't
  love me at--at--all!"
  
  "You were mistaken," he said.
  
  "O, then I ought to have done it, to have done it last night!  But I
  hadn't the courage.  That's just like me!"
  
  "The courage to do what?"
  
  As she did not answer he took her by the hand.
  
  "What were you thinking of doing?" he inquired.
  
  "Of putting an end to myself."
  
  "When?"
  
  She writhed under this inquisitorial manner of his.  "Last night,"
  she answered.
  
  "Where?"
  
  "Under your mistletoe."
  
  "My good--!  How?" he asked sternly.
  
  "I'll tell you, if you won't be angry with me!" she said, shrinking.
  "It was with the cord of my box.  But I could not--do the last thing!
  I was afraid that it might cause a scandal to your name."
  
  The unexpected quality of this confession, wrung from her, and not
  volunteered, shook him perceptibly.  But he still held her, and,
  letting his glance fall from her face downwards, he said,  "Now,
  listen to this.  You must not dare to think of such a horrible thing!
  How could you!  You will promise me as your husband to attempt that
  no more."
  
  "I am ready to promise.  I saw how wicked it was."
  
  "Wicked!  The idea was unworthy of you beyond description."
  
  "But, Angel," she pleaded, enlarging her eyes in calm unconcern upon
  him, "it was thought of entirely on your account--to set you free
  without the scandal of the divorce that I thought you would have to
  get.  I should never have dreamt of doing it on mine.  However, to
  do it with my own hand is too good for me, after all.  It is you, my
  ruined husband, who ought to strike the blow.  I think I should love
  you more, if that were possible, if you could bring yourself to do
  it, since there's no other way of escape for 'ee.  I feel I am so
  utterly worthless!  So very greatly in the way!"
  
  "Ssh!"
  
  "Well, since you say no, I won't.  I have no wish opposed to yours."
  
  He knew this to be true enough.  Since the desperation of the night
  her activities had dropped to zero, and there was no further rashness
  to be feared.
  
  Tess tried to busy herself again over the breakfast-table with more
  or less success, and they sat down both on the same side, so that
  their glances did not meet.  There was at first something awkward
  in hearing each other eat and drink, but this could not be escaped;
  moreover, the amount of eating done was small on both sides.
  Breakfast over, he rose, and telling her the hour at which he might
  be expected to dinner, went off to the miller's in a mechanical
  pursuance of the plan of studying that business, which had been his
  only practical reason for coming here.
  
  When he was gone Tess stood at the window, and presently saw his form
  crossing the great stone bridge which conducted to the mill premises.
  He sank behind it, crossed the railway beyond, and disappeared.
  Then, without a sigh, she turned her attention to the room, and began
  clearing the table and setting it in order.
  
  The charwoman soon came.  Her presence was at first a strain upon
  Tess, but afterwards an alleviation.  At half-past twelve she
  left her assistant alone in the kitchen, and, returning to the
  sitting-room, waited for the reappearance of Angel's form behind the
  bridge.
  
  About one he showed himself.  Her face flushed, although he was a
  quarter of a mile off.  She ran to the kitchen to get the dinner
  served by the time he should enter.  He went first to the room where
  they had washed their hands together the day before, and as he
  entered the sitting-room the dish-covers rose from the dishes as if
  by his own motion.
  
  "How punctual!" he said.
  
  "Yes.  I saw you coming over the bridge," said she.
  
  The meal was passed in commonplace talk of what he had been doing
  during the morning at the Abbey Mill, of the methods of bolting and
  the old-fashioned machinery, which he feared would not enlighten him
  greatly on modern improved methods, some of it seeming to have been
  in use ever since the days it ground for the monks in the adjoining
  conventual buildings--now a heap of ruins.  He left the house again
  in the course of an hour, coming home at dusk, and occupying himself
  through the evening with his papers.  She feared she was in the way
  and, when the old woman was gone, retired to the kitchen, where she
  made herself busy as well as she could for more than an hour.
  
  Clare's shape appeared at the door. "You must not work like this," he
  said.  "You are not my servant; you are my wife."
  
  She raised her eyes, and brightened somewhat.  "I may think myself
  that--indeed?" she murmured, in piteous raillery.  "You mean in name!
  Well, I don't want to be anything more."
  
  "You MAY think so, Tess!  You are.  What do you mean?"
  
  "I don't know," she said hastily, with tears in her accents.  "I
  thought I--because I am not respectable, I mean.  I told you I
  thought I was not respectable enough long ago--and on that account
  I didn't want to marry you, only--only you urged me!"
  
  She broke into sobs, and turned her back to him.  It would almost
  have won round any man but Angel Clare.  Within the remote depths of
  his constitution, so gentle and affectionate as he was in general,
  there lay hidden a hard logical deposit, like a vein of metal in a
  soft loam, which turned the edge of everything that attempted to
  traverse it.  It had blocked his acceptance of the Church; it blocked
  his acceptance of Tess.  Moreover, his affection itself was less fire
  than radiance, and, with regard to the other sex, when he ceased
  to believe he ceased to follow: contrasting in this with many
  impressionable natures, who remain sensuously infatuated with what
  they intellectually despise.  He waited till her sobbing ceased.
  
  "I wish half the women in England were as respectable as you," he
  said, in an ebullition of bitterness against womankind in general.
  "It isn't a question of respectability, but one of principle!"
  
  He spoke such things as these and more of a kindred sort to her,
  being still swayed by the antipathetic wave which warps direct souls
  with such persistence when once their vision finds itself mocked by
  appearances.  There was, it is true, underneath, a back current of
  sympathy through which a woman of the world might have conquered him.
  But Tess did not think of this; she took everything as her deserts,
  and hardly opened her mouth.  The firmness of her devotion to him was
  indeed almost pitiful; quick-tempered as she naturally was, nothing
  that he could say made her unseemly; she sought not her own; was not
  provoked; thought no evil of his treatment of her.  She might just
  now have been Apostolic Charity herself returned to a self-seeking
  modern world.
  
  This evening, night, and morning were passed precisely as the
  preceding ones had been passed.  On one, and only one, occasion did
  she--the formerly free and independent Tess--venture to make any
  advances.  It was on the third occasion of his starting after a meal
  to go out to the flour-mill.  As he was leaving the table he said
  "Goodbye," and she replied in the same words, at the same time
  inclining her mouth in the way of his.  He did not avail himself of
  the invitation, saying, as he turned hastily aside--
  
  "I shall be home punctually."
  
  Tess shrank into herself as if she had been struck.  Often enough had
  he tried to reach those lips against her consent--often had he said
  gaily that her mouth and breath tasted of the butter and eggs and
  milk and honey on which she mainly lived, that he drew sustenance
  from them, and other follies of that sort.  But he did not care for
  them now.  He observed her sudden shrinking, and said gently--
  
  "You know, I have to think of a course.  It was imperative that we
  should stay together a little while, to avoid the scandal to you that
  would have resulted from our immediate parting.  But you must see it
  is only for form's sake."
  
  "Yes," said Tess absently.
  
  He went out, and on his way to the mill stood still, and wished for a
  moment that he had responded yet more kindly, and kissed her once at
  least.
  
  Thus they lived through this despairing day or two; in the same
  house, truly; but more widely apart than before they were lovers.  It
  was evident to her that he was, as he had said, living with paralyzed
  activities in his endeavour to think of a plan of procedure.  She
  was awe-stricken to discover such determination under such apparent
  flexibility.  His consistency was, indeed, too cruel.  She no longer
  expected forgiveness now.  More than once she thought of going away
  from him during his absence at the mill; but she feared that this,
  instead of benefiting him, might be the means of hampering and
  humiliating him yet more if it should become known.
  
  Meanwhile Clare was meditating, verily.  His thought had been
  unsuspended; he was becoming ill with thinking; eaten out with
  thinking, withered by thinking; scourged out of all his former
  pulsating, flexuous domesticity.  He walked about saying to himself,
  "What's to be done--what's to be done?" and by chance she overheard
  him.  It caused her to break the reserve about their future which had
  hitherto prevailed.
  
  "I suppose--you are not going to live with me--long, are you, Angel?"
  she asked, the sunk corners of her mouth betraying how purely
  mechanical were the means by which she retained that expression of
  chastened calm upon her face.
  
  "I cannot" he said, "without despising myself, and what is worse,
  perhaps, despising you.  I mean, of course, cannot live with you
  in the ordinary sense.  At present, whatever I feel, I do not
  despise you.  And, let me speak plainly, or you may not see all my
  difficulties.  How can we live together while that man lives?--he
  being your husband in nature, and not I.  If he were dead it might
  be different...  Besides, that's not all the difficulty; it lies in
  another consideration--one bearing upon the future of other people
  than ourselves.  Think of years to come, and children being born to
  us, and this past matter getting known--for it must get known.  There
  is not an uttermost part of the earth but somebody comes from it or
  goes to it from elsewhere.  Well, think of wretches of our flesh and
  blood growing up under a taunt which they will gradually get to feel
  the full force of with their expanding years.  What an awakening
  for them!  What a prospect!  Can you honestly say 'Remain' after
  contemplating this contingency?  Don't you think we had better
  endure the ills we have than fly to others?"
  
  Her eyelids, weighted with trouble, continued drooping as before.
  
  "I cannot say 'Remain,'" she answered, "I cannot; I had not thought
  so far."
  
  Tess's feminine hope--shall we confess it?--had been so obstinately
  recuperative as to revive in her surreptitious visions of a
  domiciliary intimacy continued long enough to break down his coldness
  even against his judgement.  Though unsophisticated in the usual
  sense, she was not incomplete; and it would have denoted deficiency
  of womanhood if she had not instinctively known what an argument lies
  in propinquity.  Nothing else would serve her, she knew, if this
  failed.  It was wrong to hope in what was of the nature of strategy,
  she said to herself: yet that sort of hope she could not extinguish.
  His last representation had now been made, and it was, as she said,
  a new view.  She had truly never thought so far as that, and his
  lucid picture of possible offspring who would scorn her was one that
  brought deadly convictions to an honest heart which was humanitarian
  to its centre.  Sheer experience had already taught her that in some
  circumstances there was one thing better than to lead a good life,
  and that was to be saved from leading any life whatever.  Like all
  who have been previsioned by suffering, she could, in the words of
  M. Sully-Prudhomme, hear a penal sentence in the fiat, "You shall be
  born," particularly if addressed to potential issue of hers.
  
  Yet such is the vulpine slyness of Dame Nature, that, till now, Tess
  had been hoodwinked by her love for Clare into forgetting it might
  result in vitalizations that would inflict upon others what she had
  bewailed as misfortune to herself.
  
  She therefore could not withstand his argument.  But with the
  self-combating proclivity of the supersensitive, an answer thereto
  arose in Clare's own mind, and he almost feared it.  It was based
  on her exceptional physical nature; and she might have used it
  promisingly. She might have added besides: "On an Australian upland
  or Texan plain, who is to know or care about my misfortunes, or to
  reproach me or you?"  Yet, like the majority of women, she accepted
  the momentary presentment as if it were the inevitable.  And she
  may have been right.  The intuitive heart of woman knoweth not only
  its own bitterness, but its husband's, and even if these assumed
  reproaches were not likely to be addressed to him or to his by
  strangers, they might have reached his ears from his own fastidious
  brain.
  
  It was the third day of the estrangement.  Some might risk the odd
  paradox that with more animalism he would have been the nobler man.
  We do not say it.  Yet Clare's love was doubtless ethereal to a
  fault, imaginative to impracticability.  With these natures, corporal
  presence is something less appealing than corporal absence; the
  latter creating an ideal presence that conveniently drops the defects
  of the real.  She found that her personality did not plead her cause
  so forcibly as she had anticipated.  The figurative phrase was true:
  she was another woman than the one who had excited his desire.
  
  "I have thought over what you say," she remarked to him, moving her
  forefinger over the tablecloth, her other hand, which bore the ring
  that mocked them both, supporting her forehead.  "It is quite true,
       all of it; it must be.  You must go away from me."
  
       "But what can you do?"
  
       "I can go home."
  
       Clare had not thought of that.
  
       "Are you sure?" he inquired.
  
       "Quite sure.  We ought to part, and we may as well get it past and
       done.  You once said that I was apt to win men against their better
       judgement; and if I am constantly before your eyes I may cause you
       to change your plans in opposition to your reason and wish; and
       afterwards your repentance and my sorrow will be terrible."
  
       "And you would like to go home?" he asked.
  
       "I want to leave you, and go home."
  
       "Then it shall be so."
  
       Though she did not look up at him, she started.  There was a
       difference between the proposition and the covenant, which she had
       felt only too quickly.
  
       "I feared it would come to this," she murmured, her countenance
       meekly fixed.  "I don't complain, Angel, I--I think it best.  What
       you said has quite convinced me.  Yes, though nobody else should
       reproach me if we should stay together, yet somewhen, years hence,
       you might get angry with me for any ordinary matter, and knowing what
       you do of my bygones, you yourself might be tempted to say words, and
       they might be overheard, perhaps by my own children.  O, what only
       hurts me now would torture and kill me then! I will go--to-morrow."
  
       "And I shall not stay here.  Though I didn't like to initiate it, I
       have seen that it was advisable we should part--at least for a while,
       till I can better see the shape that things have taken, and can write
       to you."
  
       Tess stole a glance at her husband.  He was pale, even tremulous;
       but, as before, she was appalled by the determination revealed in the
       depths of this gentle being she had married--the will to subdue the
       grosser to the subtler emotion, the substance to the conception, the
       flesh to the spirit.  Propensities, tendencies, habits, were as dead
       leaves upon the tyrannous wind of his imaginative ascendency.
  
       He may have observed her look, for he explained--
  
       "I think of people more kindly when I am away from them"; adding
       cynically, "God knows; perhaps we will shake down together some day,
       for weariness; thousands have done it!"
  
       That day he began to pack up, and she went upstairs and began to pack
       also.  Both knew that it was in their two minds that they might part
       the next morning for ever, despite the gloss of assuaging conjectures
       thrown over their proceeding because they were of the sort to whom
       any parting which has an air of finality is a torture.  He knew,
       and she knew, that, though the fascination which each had exercised
       over the other--on her part independently of accomplishments--would
       probably in the first days of their separation be even more potent
       than ever, time must attenuate that effect; the practical arguments
       against accepting her as a housemate might pronounce themselves more
       strongly in the boreal light of a remoter view.  Moreover, when two
       people are once parted--have abandoned a common domicile and a common
       environment--new growths insensibly bud upward to fill each vacated
       place; unforeseen accidents hinder intentions, and old plans are
       forgotten.
  
  
  
feat_summary_name: Chapter XXXVI
target: The following morning Angel prepares breakfast and leaves to go to the flour mill: "the pair, in truth, were but the ashes of their former selves". Tess suggests divorce but he says it is impossible. She suggests returning home, and he agrees