feat_summary_path: finished_summaries/pinkmonkey/Tess of the D'Urbervilles/section_19_part_0.txt
feat_book_id: Tess of the D'Urbervilles.chapters 51-52
feat_summary_id: chapters 51 - 52
feat_summary: {"name": "Chapters  51 - 52", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20180820050202/http://www.pinkmonkey.com/booknotes/monkeynotes/pmTessD61.asp", "summary": "Since the Durbeyfield family has to leave their old house, they find rooms at a lodge in Kingsbere. As they are preparing to leave Marlott, Alec arrives once more to offer help and presses Tess to give into his desires. He offers the family shelter in his garden house at Trantridge, promises to provide a good education for her brothers and sisters, and offers to buy Mrs. Durbeyfield a flock of birds to tend. Tess is touched by his generosity, but still refuses the offer. Alec is very annoyed with her stubbornness and pride and quickly departs. In an emotional state and filled with self-pity, Tess writes the last letter to Angel, accusing him of cruelty and injustice. She says she will try to forget him, but she will never be able to forgive him for deserting her.", "analysis": "Notes Alec knows Tess very well and realizes that he must wiggle his way into her heart. He tries to argue that as the father of their deceased child, he is really her true husband. Such logic upsets Tess. Then Alec tries to get to Tess through her family, for whom she cares greatly. He tells Tess that he will provide the family lodging, education, and employment, certainly a great temptation in their present plight. But Tess, at this point, is still strong enough to refuse. She is genuinely touched by Alec's generosity, but she cannot accept it. At the end of the chapter, it is obvious that Tess's determination is beginning to weaken. For the first time in a long time, she is angry and filled with self-pity. She writes a letter to Angel stating that she is trying to forget him and will never be able to forgive him of the cruel and unjust way in which he has treated her. It is the first time she has ever had such negative thoughts about her husband. Obviously, Alec has gotten under her skin, for no one seems to be able to upset Tess like he does. It is important to notice the presence of two re-occurring symbols in this chapter. Alec tells Tess about the D'Urberville coach, which is supposed to be an ill omen. The sign painter also reappears and reminds Alec of his drifting away from the scriptures and from his life as a preacher. CHAPTER 52 Summary The Durbeyfield family sets out to Kingsbere in a wagon carrying all their belongings. During a rest stop, Tess sees Marian and Izz, who are off to find new employment. Tess confides in them that Alec has found her and that Angel has not returned. The former milkmaids feel terrible for their friend and want to help in some way. They exchange addresses with Tess and promise to keep in touch. As the Durbeyfields approach Kingsbere, they are shocked to learn that the rooms they are planning to move into are already let out to another family. Despite an ardent search, they meet Izz and Marian on the way. They are unable to locate another lodging. As a result, Joan tells the driver to unload their furniture in the churchyard. They set up a makeshift tent in the graveyard, directly under the D'Urberville window and close to the tombs of the D'Urberville ancestors. Tess goes into the church and sees the D'Urberville vaults for the first time. As she looks closely at one of the tombs, she spies Alec. He tells her again that he wants to help her. In spite of the miserable situation she and the family find themselves in, she still tells Alec to go away. As he departs, Alec tells Tess that \"you'll be civil yet!\" After he leaves, Tess wonders why she cannot join her ancestors in the tomb in order to find relief from her misery, pain, and sorrow. Marian and Izz have settled into their new jobs and think about Tess. In a compassionate gesture, they write to Angel informing him about the critical situation Tess is in and beg him to come back to his wife. They send the letter to his parents in Emminster, hoping it will be sent on to Angel. Notes Hardy masterfully tries to prepare the reader for the shock of the next phase in Tess's life. In this chapter, he depicts his protagonist as a beaten woman, begging for the relief of the grave. Her family, which is all she has left, is reduced to living in a temporary tent in the graveyard of the church of the D'Urberville ancestors. Tess has no means of helping them on her own, and she is still too proud to approach the Clare family. The evil Alec, who has been cast throughout the book as an evil Satan tempting the innocent Tess, sees his golden opportunity and lies in wait for Tess. He appropriately hides amongst the tombs of the ancient D'Urbervilles and makes the last temptation to Tess. When she refuses him one more time, he sees her weakening and says, \"You'll be civil yet.\" He knows Tess cannot hold out much longer. The tragic irony of the chapter is that Tess's letters and the letter from Marian and Izz arrive in Angel's hands too late to prevent cruel fate from taking the upper hand."}
text: 
  
  At length it was the eve of Old Lady-Day, and the agricultural world
  was in a fever of mobility such as only occurs at that particular
  date of the year.  It is a day of fulfilment; agreements for outdoor
  service during the ensuing year, entered into at Candlemas, are to
  be now carried out.  The labourers--or "work-folk", as they used to
  call themselves immemorially till the other word was introduced from
  without--who wish to remain no longer in old places are removing to
  the new farms.
  
  These annual migrations from farm to farm were on the increase here.
  When Tess's mother was a child the majority of the field-folk about
  Marlott had remained all their lives on one farm, which had been the
  home also of their fathers and grandfathers; but latterly the desire
  for yearly removal had risen to a high pitch.  With the younger
  families it was a pleasant excitement which might possibly be an
  advantage.  The Egypt of one family was the Land of Promise to the
  family who saw it from a distance, till by residence there it became
  it turn their Egypt also; and so they changed and changed.
  
  However, all the mutations so increasingly discernible in village
  life did not originate entirely in the agricultural unrest.  A
  depopulation was also going on.  The village had formerly contained,
  side by side with the argicultural labourers, an interesting and
  better-informed class, ranking distinctly above the former--the class
  to which Tess's father and mother had belonged--and including the
  carpenter, the smith, the shoemaker, the huckster, together with
  nondescript workers other than farm-labourers; a set of people
  who owed a certain stability of aim and conduct to the fact of
  their being lifeholders like Tess's father, or copyholders, or
  occasionally, small freeholders.  But as the long holdings fell
  in, they were seldom again let to similar tenants, and were mostly
  pulled down, if not absolutely required by the farmer for his hands.
  Cottagers who were not directly employed on the land were looked
  upon with disfavour, and the banishment of some starved the trade of
  others, who were thus obliged to follow.  These families, who had
  formed the backbone of the village life in the past, who were the
  depositaries of the village traditions, had to seek refuge in the
  large centres; the process, humorously designated by statisticians as
  "the tendency of the rural population towards the large towns", being
  really the tendency of water to flow uphill when forced by machinery.
  
  The cottage accommodation at Marlott having been in this manner
  considerably curtailed by demolitions, every house which remained
  standing was required by the agriculturist for his work-people.  Ever
  since the occurrence of the event which had cast such a shadow over
  Tess's life, the Durbeyfield family (whose descent was not credited)
  had been tacitly looked on as one which would have to go when their
  lease ended, if only in the interests of morality.  It was, indeed,
  quite true that the household had not been shining examples either of
  temperance, soberness, or chastity.  The father, and even the mother,
  had got drunk at times, the younger children seldom had gone to
  church, and the eldest daughter had made queer unions.  By some means
  the village had to be kept pure.  So on this, the first Lady-Day
  on which the Durbeyfields were expellable, the house, being roomy,
  was required for a carter with a large family; and Widow Joan,
  her daughters Tess and 'Liza-Lu, the boy Abraham, and the younger
  children had to go elsewhere.
  
  On the evening preceding their removal it was getting dark betimes by
  reason of a drizzling rain which blurred the sky.  As it was the last
  night they would spend in the village which had been their home and
  birthplace, Mrs Durbeyfield, 'Liza-Lu, and Abraham had gone out to
  bid some friends goodbye, and Tess was keeping house till they should
  return.
  
  She was kneeling in the window-bench, her face close to the casement,
  where an outer pane of rain-water was sliding down the inner pane of
  glass.  Her eyes rested on the web of a spider, probably starved long
  ago, which had been mistakenly placed in a corner where no flies
  ever came, and shivered in the slight draught through the casement.
  Tess was reflecting on the position of the household, in which she
  perceived her own evil influence.  Had she not come home, her mother
  and the children might probably have been allowed to stay on as
  weekly tenants.  But she had been observed almost immediately on her
  return by some people of scrupulous character and great influence:
  they had seen her idling in the churchyard, restoring as well as she
  could with a little trowel a baby's obliterated grave.  By this means
  they had found that she was living here again; her mother was scolded
  for "harbouring" her; sharp retorts had ensued from Joan, who had
  independently offered to leave at once; she had been taken at her
  word; and here was the result.
  
  "I ought never to have come home," said Tess to herself, bitterly.
  
  She was so intent upon these thoughts that she hardly at first took
  note of a man in a white mackintosh whom she saw riding down the
  street.  Possibly it was owing to her face being near to the pane
  that he saw her so quickly, and directed his horse so close to the
  cottage-front that his hoofs were almost upon the narrow border for
  plants growing under the wall.  It was not till he touched the window
  with his riding-crop that she observed him.  The rain had nearly
  ceased, and she opened the casement in obedience to his gesture.
  
  "Didn't you see me?" asked d'Urberville.
  
  "I was not attending," she said.  "I heard you, I believe, though I
  fancied it was a carriage and horses. I was in a sort of dream."
  
  "Ah! you heard the d'Urberville Coach, perhaps.  You know the legend,
  I suppose?"
  
  "No.  My--somebody was going to tell it me once, but didn't."
  
  "If you are a genuine d'Urberville I ought not to tell you either,
  I suppose.  As for me, I'm a sham one, so it doesn't matter.  It is
  rather dismal.  It is that this sound of a non-existent coach can
  only be heard by one of d'Urberville blood, and it is held to be
  of ill-omen to the one who hears it.  It has to do with a murder,
  committed by one of the family, centuries ago."
  
  "Now you have begun it, finish it."
  
  "Very well.  One of the family is said to have abducted some
  beautiful woman, who tried to escape from the coach in which he was
  carrying her off, and in the struggle he killed her--or she killed
  him--I forget which.  Such is one version of the tale...  I see that
  your tubs and buckets are packed.  Going away, aren't you?"
  
  "Yes, to-morrow--Old Lady Day."
  
  "I heard you were, but could hardly believe it; it seems so sudden.
  Why is it?"
  
  "Father's was the last life on the property, and when that dropped we
  had no further right to stay.  Though we might, perhaps, have stayed
  as weekly tenants--if it had not been for me."
  
  "What about you?"
  
  "I am not a--proper woman."
  
  D'Urberville's face flushed.
  
  "What a blasted shame!  Miserable snobs!  May their dirty souls
  be burnt to cinders!" he exclaimed in tones of ironic resentment.
  "That's why you are going, is it?  Turned out?"
  
  "We are not turned out exactly; but as they said we should have to go
  soon, it was best to go now everybody was moving, because there are
  better chances."
  
  "Where are you going to?"
  
  "Kingsbere.  We have taken rooms there.  Mother is so foolish about
  father's people that she will go there."
  
  "But your mother's family are not fit for lodgings, and in a little
  hole of a town like that.  Now why not come to my garden-house at
  Trantridge?  There are hardly any poultry now, since my mother's
  death; but there's the house, as you know it, and the garden.  It
  can be whitewashed in a day, and your mother can live there quite
  comfortably; and I will put the children to a good school.  Really
  I ought to do something for you!"
  
  "But we have already taken the rooms at Kingsbere!" she declared.
  "And we can wait there--"
  
  "Wait--what for?  For that nice husband, no doubt.  Now look here,
  Tess, I know what men are, and, bearing in mind the _grounds_ of
  your separation, I am quite positive he will never make it up with
  you.  Now, though I have been your enemy, I am your friend, even
  if you won't believe it.  Come to this cottage of mine. We'll get
  up a regular colony of fowls, and your mother can attend to them
  excellently; and the children can go to school."
  
  Tess breathed more and more quickly, and at length she said--
  
  "How do I know that you would do all this?  Your views may
  change--and then--we should be--my mother would be--homeless
  again."
  
  "O no--no.  I would guarantee you against such as that in writing, if
  necessary.  Think it over."
  
  Tess shook her head.  But d'Urberville persisted; she had seldom seen
  him so determined; he would not take a negative.
  
  "Please just tell your mother," he said, in emphatic tones.  "It is
  her business to judge--not yours.  I shall get the house swept out
  and whitened to-morrow morning, and fires lit; and it will be dry by
  the evening, so that you can come straight there.  Now mind, I shall
  expect you."
  
  Tess again shook her head, her throat swelling with complicated
  emotion.  She could not look up at d'Urberville.
  
  "I owe you something for the past, you know," he resumed.  "And you
  cured me, too, of that craze; so I am glad--"
  
  "I would rather you had kept the craze, so that you had kept the
  practice which went with it!"
  
  "I am glad of this opportunity of repaying you a little.  To-morrow I
  shall expect to hear your mother's goods unloading...  Give me your
  hand on it now--dear, beautiful Tess!"
  
  With the last sentence he had dropped his voice to a murmur, and put
  his hand in at the half-open casement.  With stormy eyes she pulled
  the stay-bar quickly, and, in doing so, caught his arm between the
  casement and the stone mullion.
  
  "Damnation--you are very cruel!" he said, snatching out his arm.
  "No, no!--I know you didn't do it on purpose.  Well I shall expect
  you, or your mother and children at least."
  
  "I shall not come--I have plenty of money!" she cried.
  
  "Where?"
  
  "At my father-in-law's, if I ask for it."
  
  "IF you ask for it.  But you won't, Tess; I know you; you'll never
  ask for it--you'll starve first!"
  
  With these words he rode off.  Just at the corner of the street he
  met the man with the paint-pot, who asked him if he had deserted the
  brethren.
  
  "You go to the devil!" said d'Urberville.
  
  Tess remained where she was a long while, till a sudden rebellious
  sense of injustice caused the region of her eyes to swell with the
  rush of hot tears thither.  Her husband, Angel Clare himself, had,
  like others, dealt out hard measure to her; surely he had!  She had
  never before admitted such a thought; but he had surely!  Never
  in her life--she could swear it from the bottom of her soul--had
  she ever intended to do wrong; yet these hard judgements had
  come.  Whatever her sins, they were not sins of intention, but of
  inadvertence, and why should she have been punished so persistently?
  
  She passionately seized the first piece of paper that came to hand,
  and scribbled the following lines:
  
  
     O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do
     not deserve it.  I have thought it all over carefully,
     and I can never, never forgive you!  You know that I
     did not intend to wrong you--why have you so wronged
     me?  You are cruel, cruel indeed!  I will try to forget
     you.  It is all injustice I have received at your
     hands!
                                    T.
  
  She watched till the postman passed by, ran out to him with
  her epistle, and then again took her listless place inside the
  window-panes.
  
  It was just as well to write like that as to write tenderly.  How
  could he give way to entreaty?  The facts had not changed: there was
  no new event to alter his opinion.
  
  It grew darker, the fire-light shining over the room.  The two
  biggest of the younger children had gone out with their mother; the
  four smallest, their ages ranging from three-and-a-half years to
  eleven, all in black frocks, were gathered round the hearth babbling
  their own little subjects.  Tess at length joined them, without
  lighting a candle.
  
  "This is the last night that we shall sleep here, dears, in the house
  where we were born," she said quickly.  "We ought to think of it,
  oughtn't we?"
  
  They all became silent; with the impressibility of their age they
  were ready to burst into tears at the picture of finality she had
  conjured up, though all the day hitherto they had been rejoicing in
  the idea of a new place.  Tess changed the subject.
  
  "Sing to me, dears," she said.
  
  "What shall we sing?"
  
  "Anything you know; I don't mind."
  
  There was a momentary pause; it was broken, first, in one little
  tentative note; then a second voice strengthened it, and a third
  and a fourth chimed in unison, with words they had learnt at the
  Sunday-school--
  
  
       Here we suffer grief and pain,
       Here we meet to part again;
         In Heaven we part no more.
  
  
  The four sang on with the phlegmatic passivity of persons who had
  long ago settled the question, and there being no mistake about it,
  felt that further thought was not required.  With features strained
  hard to enunciate the syllables they continued to regard the centre
  of the flickering fire, the notes of the youngest straying over into
  the pauses of the rest.
  
  Tess turned from them, and went to the window again.  Darkness had
  now fallen without, but she put her face to the pane as though to
  peer into the gloom.  It was really to hide her tears.  If she could
  only believe what the children were singing; if she were only sure,
  how different all would now be; how confidently she would leave them
  to Providence and their future kingdom!  But, in default of that, it
  behoved her to do something; to be their Providence; for to Tess,
  as to not a few millions of others, there was ghastly satire in the
  poet's lines--
  
  
                        Not in utter nakedness
       But trailing clouds of glory do we come.
  
  
  To her and her like, birth itself was an ordeal of degrading personal
  compulsion, whose gratuitousness nothing in the result seemed to
  justify, and at best could only palliate.
  
  In the shades of the wet road she soon discerned her mother with tall
  'Liza-Lu and Abraham.  Mrs Durbeyfield's pattens clicked up to the
  door, and Tess opened it.
  
  "I see the tracks of a horse outside the window," said Joan.  "Hev
  somebody called?"
  
  "No," said Tess.
  
  The children by the fire looked gravely at her, and one murmured--
  
  "Why, Tess, the gentleman a-horseback!"
  
  "He didn't call," said Tess.  "He spoke to me in passing."
  
  "Who was the gentleman?" asked the mother.  "Your husband?"
  
  "No.  He'll never, never come," answered Tess in stony hopelessness.
  
  "Then who was it?"
  
  "Oh, you needn't ask.  You've seen him before, and so have I."
  
  "Ah!  What did he say?" said Joan curiously.
  
  "I will tell you when we are settled in our lodging at Kingsbere
  to-morrow--every word."
  
  It was not her husband, she had said.  Yet a consciousness that in a
  physical sense this man alone was her husband seemed to weigh on her
  more and more.
  
  
  
  
  During the small hours of the next morning, while it was still dark,
  dwellers near the highways were conscious of a disturbance of their
  night's rest by rumbling noises, intermittently continuing till
  daylight--noises as certain to recur in this particular first week of
  the month as the voice of the cuckoo in the third week of the same.
  They were the preliminaries of the general removal, the passing of
  the empty waggons and teams to fetch the goods of the migrating
  families; for it was always by the vehicle of the farmer who required
  his services that the hired man was conveyed to his destination.
  That this might be accomplished within the day was the explanation
  of the reverberation occurring so soon after midnight, the aim of
  the carters being to reach the door of the outgoing households by
  six o'clock, when the loading of their movables at once began.
  
  But to Tess and her mother's household no such anxious farmer sent
  his team.  They were only women; they were not regular labourers;
  they were not particularly required anywhere; hence they had to hire
  a waggon at their own expense, and got nothing sent gratuitously.
  
  It was a relief to Tess, when she looked out of the window that
  morning, to find that though the weather was windy and louring, it
  did not rain, and that the waggon had come.  A wet Lady-Day was a
  spectre which removing families never forgot; damp furniture, damp
  bedding, damp clothing accompanied it, and left a train of ills.
  
  Her mother, 'Liza-Lu, and Abraham were also awake, but the younger
  children were let sleep on.  The four breakfasted by the thin light,
  and the "house-ridding" was taken in hand.
  
  It proceeded with some cheerfulness, a friendly neighbour or two
  assisting.  When the large articles of furniture had been packed in
  position, a circular nest was made of the beds and bedding, in which
  Joan Durbeyfield and the young children were to sit through the
  journey.  After loading there was a long delay before the horses were
  brought, these having been unharnessed during the ridding; but at
  length, about two o'clock, the whole was under way, the cooking-pot
  swinging from the axle of the waggon, Mrs Durbeyfield and family
  at the top, the matron having in her lap, to prevent injury to its
  works, the head of the clock, which, at any exceptional lurch of the
  waggon, struck one, or one-and-a-half, in hurt tones.  Tess and the
  next eldest girl walked alongside till they were out of the village.
  
  They had called on a few neighbours that morning and the previous
  evening, and some came to see them off, all wishing them well,
  though, in their secret hearts, hardly expecting welfare possible
  to such a family, harmless as the Durbeyfields were to all except
  themselves.  Soon the equipage began to ascend to higher ground,
  and the wind grew keener with the change of level and soil.
  
  The day being the sixth of April, the Durbeyfield waggon met many
  other waggons with families on the summit of the load, which was
  built on a wellnigh unvarying principle, as peculiar, probably, to
  the rural labourer as the hexagon to the bee.  The groundwork of the
  arrangement was the family dresser, which, with its shining handles,
  and finger-marks, and domestic evidences thick upon it, stood
  importantly in front, over the tails of the shaft-horses, in its
  erect and natural position, like some Ark of the Covenant that they
  were bound to carry reverently.
  
  Some of the households were lively, some mournful; some were stopping
  at the doors of wayside inns; where, in due time, the Durbeyfield
  menagerie also drew up to bait horses and refresh the travellers.
  
  During the halt Tess's eyes fell upon a three-pint blue mug, which
  was ascending and descending through the air to and from the feminine
  section of a household, sitting on the summit of a load that had also
  drawn up at a little distance from the same inn.  She followed one of
  the mug's journeys upward, and perceived it to be clasped by hands
  whose owner she well knew.  Tess went towards the waggon.
  
  "Marian and Izz!" she cried to the girls, for it was they, sitting
  with the moving family at whose house they had lodged.  "Are you
  house-ridding to-day, like everybody else?"
  
  They were, they said.  It had been too rough a life for them at
  Flintcomb-Ash, and they had come away, almost without notice,
  leaving Groby to prosecute them if he chose.  They told Tess their
  destination, and Tess told them hers.
  
  Marian leant over the load, and lowered her voice.  "Do you know that
  the gentleman who follows 'ee--you'll guess who I mean--came to ask
  for 'ee at Flintcomb after you had gone?  We didn't tell'n where you
  was, knowing you wouldn't wish to see him."
  
  "Ah--but I did see him!" Tess murmured.  "He found me."
  
  "And do he know where you be going?"
  
  "I think so."
  
  "Husband come back?"
  
  "No."
  
  She bade her acquaintance goodbye--for the respective carters had now
  come out from the inn--and the two waggons resumed their journey in
  opposite directions; the vehicle whereon sat Marian, Izz, and the
  ploughman's family with whom they had thrown in their lot, being
  brightly painted, and drawn by three powerful horses with shining
  brass ornaments on their harness; while the waggon on which Mrs
  Durbeyfield and her family rode was a creaking erection that would
  scarcely bear the weight of the superincumbent load; one which had
  known no paint since it was made, and drawn by two horses only.
  The contrast well marked the difference between being fetched by a
  thriving farmer and conveying oneself whither no hirer waited one's
  coming.
  
  The distance was great--too great for a day's journey--and it was
  with the utmost difficulty that the horses performed it.  Though they
  had started so early, it was quite late in the afternoon when they
  turned the flank of an eminence which formed part of the upland
  called Greenhill.  While the horses stood to stale and breathe
  themselves Tess looked around.  Under the hill, and just ahead of
  them, was the half-dead townlet of their pilgrimage, Kingsbere,
  where lay those ancestors of whom her father had spoken and sung to
  painfulness: Kingsbere, the spot of all spots in the world which
  could be considered the d'Urbervilles' home, since they had resided
  there for full five hundred years.
  
  A man could be seen advancing from the outskirts towards them, and
  when he beheld the nature of their waggon-load he quickened his
  steps.
  
  "You be the woman they call Mrs Durbeyfield, I reckon?" he said to
  Tess's mother, who had descended to walk the remainder of the way.
  
  She nodded.  "Though widow of the late Sir John d'Urberville, poor
  nobleman, if I cared for my rights; and returning to the domain of
  his forefathers."
  
  "Oh?  Well, I know nothing about that; but if you be Mrs Durbeyfield,
  I am sent to tell 'ee that the rooms you wanted be let.  We didn't
  know that you was coming till we got your letter this morning--when
  'twas too late.  But no doubt you can get other lodgings somewhere."
  
  The man had noticed the face of Tess, which had become ash-pale at
  his intelligence.  Her mother looked hopelessly at fault.  "What
  shall we do now, Tess?" she said bitterly.  "Here's a welcome to
  your ancestors' lands!  However, let's try further."
  
  They moved on into the town, and tried with all their might, Tess
  remaining with the waggon to take care of the children whilst her
  mother and 'Liza-Lu made inquiries.  At the last return of Joan to
  the vehicle, an hour later, when her search for accommodation had
  still been fruitless, the driver of the waggon said the goods must be
  unloaded, as the horses were half-dead, and he was bound to return
  part of the way at least that night.
  
  "Very well--unload it here," said Joan recklessly.  "I'll get shelter
  somewhere."
  
  The waggon had drawn up under the churchyard wall, in a spot screened
  from view, and the driver, nothing loth, soon hauled down the poor
  heap of household goods.  This done, she paid him, reducing herself
  to almost her last shilling thereby, and he moved off and left them,
  only too glad to get out of further dealings with such a family.  It
  was a dry night, and he guessed that they would come to no harm.
  
  Tess gazed desperately at the pile of furniture.  The cold sunlight
  of this spring evening peered invidiously upon the crocks and
  kettles, upon the bunches of dried herbs shivering in the breeze,
  upon the brass handles of the dresser, upon the wicker-cradle they
  had all been rocked in, and upon the well-rubbed clock-case, all of
  which gave out the reproachful gleam of indoor articles abandoned to
  the vicissitudes of a roofless exposure for which they were never
  made.  Round about were deparked hills and slopes--now cut up
  into little paddocks--and the green foundations that showed where
  the d'Urberville mansion once had stood; also an outlying stretch
  of Egdon Heath that had always belonged to the estate.  Hard by,
  the aisle of the church called the d'Urberville Aisle looked on
  imperturbably.
  
  "Isn't your family vault your own freehold?" said Tess's mother, as
  she returned from a reconnoitre of the church and graveyard.  "Why,
  of course 'tis, and that's where we will camp, girls, till the place
  of your ancestors finds us a roof!  Now, Tess and 'Liza and Abraham,
  you help me.  We'll make a nest for these children, and then we'll
  have another look round."
  
  Tess listlessly lent a hand, and in a quarter of an hour the old
  four-post bedstead was dissociated from the heap of goods, and
  erected under the south wall of the church, the part of the building
  known as the d'Urberville Aisle, beneath which the huge vaults lay.
  Over the tester of the bedstead was a beautiful traceried window, of
  many lights, its date being the fifteenth century.  It was called
  the d'Urberville Window, and in the upper part could be discerned
  heraldic emblems like those on Durbeyfield's old seal and spoon.
  
  Joan drew the curtains round the bed so as to make an excellent tent
  of it, and put the smaller children inside.  "If it comes to the
  worst we can sleep there too, for one night," she said.  "But let us
  try further on, and get something for the dears to eat!  O, Tess,
  what's the use of your playing at marrying gentlemen, if it leaves
  us like this!"
  
  Accompanied by 'Liza-Lu and the boy, she again ascended the little
  lane which secluded the church from the townlet.  As soon as they got
  into the street they beheld a man on horseback gazing up and down.
  "Ah--I'm looking for you!" he said, riding up to them.  "This is
  indeed a family gathering on the historic spot!"
  
  It was Alec d'Urberville.  "Where is Tess?" he asked.
  
  Personally Joan had no liking for Alec.  She cursorily signified the
  direction of the church, and went on, d'Urberville saying that he
  would see them again, in case they should be still unsuccessful in
  their search for shelter, of which he had just heard.  When they had
  gone, d'Urberville rode to the inn, and shortly after came out on
  foot.
  
  In the interim Tess, left with the children inside the bedstead,
  remained talking with them awhile, till, seeing that no more could
  be done to make them comfortable just then, she walked about the
  churchyard, now beginning to be embrowned by the shades of nightfall.
  The door of the church was unfastened, and she entered it for the
  first time in her life.
  
  Within the window under which the bedstead stood were the tombs of
  the family, covering in their dates several centuries.  They were
  canopied, altar-shaped, and plain; their carvings being defaced
  and broken; their brasses torn from the matrices, the rivet-holes
  remaining like martin-holes in a sandcliff.  Of all the reminders
  that she had ever received that her people were socially extinct,
  there was none so forcible as this spoliation.
  
  She drew near to a dark stone on which was inscribed:
  
  
     OSTIUM SEPULCHRI ANTIQUAE FAMILIAE D'URBERVILLE
  
  
  Tess did not read Church-Latin like a Cardinal, but she knew that
  this was the door of her ancestral sepulchre, and that the tall
  knights of whom her father had chanted in his cups lay inside.
  
  She musingly turned to withdraw, passing near an altar-tomb, the
  oldest of them all, on which was a recumbent figure.  In the dusk she
  had not noticed it before, and would hardly have noticed it now but
  for an odd fancy that the effigy moved.  As soon as she drew close
  to it she discovered all in a moment that the figure was a living
  person; and the shock to her sense of not having been alone was so
  violent that she was quite overcome, and sank down nigh to fainting,
  not, however, till she had recognized Alec d'Urberville in the form.
  
  He leapt off the slab and supported her.
  
  "I saw you come in," he said smiling, "and got up there not to
  interrupt your meditations.  A family gathering, is it not, with
  these old fellows under us here?  Listen."
  
  He stamped with his heel heavily on the floor; whereupon there arose
  a hollow echo from below.
  
  "That shook them a bit, I'll warrant!" he continued.  "And you
  thought I was the mere stone reproduction of one of them.  But no.
  The old order changeth.  The little finger of the sham d'Urberville
  can do more for you than the whole dynasty of the real underneath...
  Now command me.  What shall I do?"
  
  "Go away!" she murmured.
  
  "I will--I'll look for your mother," said he blandly.  But in passing
  her he whispered: "Mind this; you'll be civil yet!"
  
  When he was gone she bent down upon the entrance to the vaults, and
  said--
  
  "Why am I on the wrong side of this door!"
  
  
  In the meantime Marian and Izz Huett had journeyed onward with the
  chattels of the ploughman in the direction of their land of Canaan--
  the Egypt of some other family who had left it only that morning.
  But the girls did not for a long time think of where they were going.
  Their talk was of Angel Clare and Tess, and Tess's persistent lover,
  whose connection with her previous history they had partly heard and
  partly guessed ere this.
  
  "'Tisn't as though she had never known him afore," said Marian.  "His
  having won her once makes all the difference in the world.  'Twould
  be a thousand pities if he were to tole her away again.  Mr Clare can
  never be anything to us, Izz; and why should we grudge him to her,
  and not try to mend this quarrel?  If he could on'y know what straits
  she's put to, and what's hovering round, he might come to take care
  of his own."
  
  "Could we let him know?"
  
  They thought of this all the way to their destination; but the bustle
  of re-establishment in their new place took up all their attention
  then.  But when they were settled, a month later, they heard of
  Clare's approaching return, though they had learnt nothing more of
  Tess.  Upon that, agitated anew by their attachment to him, yet
  honourably disposed to her, Marian uncorked the penny ink-bottle they
  shared, and a few lines were concocted between the two girls.
  
  
     HONOUR'D SIR--
  
     Look to your Wife if you do love her as much as she do
     love you.  For she is sore put to by an Enemy in the shape
     of a Friend.  Sir, there is one near her who ought to be
     Away.  A woman should not be try'd beyond her Strength,
     and continual dropping will wear away a Stone--ay,
     more--a Diamond.
  
     FROM TWO WELL-WISHERS
  
  
  This was addressed to Angel Clare at the only place they had ever
  heard him to be connected with, Emminster Vicarage; after which they
  continued in a mood of emotional exaltation at their own generosity,
  which made them sing in hysterical snatches and weep at the same
  time.
  
  
  END OF PHASE THE SIXTH
  
  
  
  
  
  Phase the Seventh: Fulfilment
  
  
  
feat_summary_name: Chapters  51 - 52
target: Since the Durbeyfield family has to leave their old house, they find rooms at a lodge in Kingsbere. As they are preparing to leave Marlott, Alec arrives once more to offer help and presses Tess to give into his desires. He offers the family shelter in his garden house at Trantridge, promises to provide a good education for her brothers and sisters, and offers to buy Mrs. Durbeyfield a flock of birds to tend. Tess is touched by his generosity, but still refuses the offer. Alec is very annoyed with her stubbornness and pride and quickly departs. In an emotional state and filled with self-pity, Tess writes the last letter to Angel, accusing him of cruelty and injustice. She says she will try to forget him, but she will never be able to forgive him for deserting her.
feat_summary_analysis: Notes Alec knows Tess very well and realizes that he must wiggle his way into her heart. He tries to argue that as the father of their deceased child, he is really her true husband. Such logic upsets Tess. Then Alec tries to get to Tess through her family, for whom she cares greatly. He tells Tess that he will provide the family lodging, education, and employment, certainly a great temptation in their present plight. But Tess, at this point, is still strong enough to refuse. She is genuinely touched by Alec's generosity, but she cannot accept it. At the end of the chapter, it is obvious that Tess's determination is beginning to weaken. For the first time in a long time, she is angry and filled with self-pity. She writes a letter to Angel stating that she is trying to forget him and will never be able to forgive him of the cruel and unjust way in which he has treated her. It is the first time she has ever had such negative thoughts about her husband. Obviously, Alec has gotten under her skin, for no one seems to be able to upset Tess like he does. It is important to notice the presence of two re-occurring symbols in this chapter. Alec tells Tess about the D'Urberville coach, which is supposed to be an ill omen. The sign painter also reappears and reminds Alec of his drifting away from the scriptures and from his life as a preacher. CHAPTER 52 Summary The Durbeyfield family sets out to Kingsbere in a wagon carrying all their belongings. During a rest stop, Tess sees Marian and Izz, who are off to find new employment. Tess confides in them that Alec has found her and that Angel has not returned. The former milkmaids feel terrible for their friend and want to help in some way. They exchange addresses with Tess and promise to keep in touch. As the Durbeyfields approach Kingsbere, they are shocked to learn that the rooms they are planning to move into are already let out to another family. Despite an ardent search, they meet Izz and Marian on the way. They are unable to locate another lodging. As a result, Joan tells the driver to unload their furniture in the churchyard. They set up a makeshift tent in the graveyard, directly under the D'Urberville window and close to the tombs of the D'Urberville ancestors. Tess goes into the church and sees the D'Urberville vaults for the first time. As she looks closely at one of the tombs, she spies Alec. He tells her again that he wants to help her. In spite of the miserable situation she and the family find themselves in, she still tells Alec to go away. As he departs, Alec tells Tess that "you'll be civil yet!" After he leaves, Tess wonders why she cannot join her ancestors in the tomb in order to find relief from her misery, pain, and sorrow. Marian and Izz have settled into their new jobs and think about Tess. In a compassionate gesture, they write to Angel informing him about the critical situation Tess is in and beg him to come back to his wife. They send the letter to his parents in Emminster, hoping it will be sent on to Angel. Notes Hardy masterfully tries to prepare the reader for the shock of the next phase in Tess's life. In this chapter, he depicts his protagonist as a beaten woman, begging for the relief of the grave. Her family, which is all she has left, is reduced to living in a temporary tent in the graveyard of the church of the D'Urberville ancestors. Tess has no means of helping them on her own, and she is still too proud to approach the Clare family. The evil Alec, who has been cast throughout the book as an evil Satan tempting the innocent Tess, sees his golden opportunity and lies in wait for Tess. He appropriately hides amongst the tombs of the ancient D'Urbervilles and makes the last temptation to Tess. When she refuses him one more time, he sees her weakening and says, "You'll be civil yet." He knows Tess cannot hold out much longer. The tragic irony of the chapter is that Tess's letters and the letter from Marian and Izz arrive in Angel's hands too late to prevent cruel fate from taking the upper hand.