Twitter is one of the most popular social media. Due to the ease of availability of data, Twitter is used significantly for research purposes. Twitter is known to evolve in many aspects from what it was at its birth; nevertheless, how it evolved its own linguistic style is still relatively unknown. In this paper, we study the evolution of various sociolinguistic aspects of Twitter over large time scales. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on the evolution of such aspects of this OSN. We performed quantitative analysis both on the word level as well as on the hashtags since it is perhaps one of the most important linguistic units of this social media. We studied the (in)formality aspects of the linguistic styles in Twitter and find that it is neither fully formal nor completely informal; while on one hand, we observe that Out-Of-Vocabulary words are decreasing over time (pointing to a formal style), on the other hand it is quite evident that whitespace usage is getting reduced with a huge prevalence of running texts (pointing to an informal style). We also analyze and propose quantitative reasons for repetition and coalescing of hashtags in Twitter. We believe that such phenomena may be strongly tied to different evolutionary aspects of human languages.
An expanded register rack assembly is for a processor based device. The expanded register rack assembly has a first board register rack assembly having multiple slots for receiving multiple electronic modules including a programmable controller module. The expanded register rack also has a second register rack having multiple slots for receiving multiple electronic modules. The expanded register rack assembly further has a communicative coupling between the first and second board racks, the communicative coupling permitting the programmable controller module to selectively access any of the other electronic modules received in the first and second multiple slots without the need for communication hardware mounted in any of the slots. Current techniques towards information security have limited capabilities to detect and counter attacks that involve different kinds of masquerade and spread of misinformation executed over long time periods to achieve malicious goals. Detection of such deceptive information obtained during online interactions (emails, chat room conversations) is the first step before counter strategies can be developed. With the large-scale use of information technologies as a general communication medium, facilitating deception detection is a key enabler to utilizing information systems to their fullest potential. This article presents a framework for computer-aided deception detection building on the interpersonal deception theory (IDT) of human interpersonal communication research and text-processing techniques for facilitating deception analysis of text-oriented communication. A state-transition diagram based framework is proposed to model the dynamic evolution of an interpersonal conversation between a sender and receiver based on the IDT-based process schemata. The framework is then utilized to develop a deception detection agent to process textual information. Deception detection is defined as a process of model verification. Architecture of a prototype under development and open problems for further research in this area are outlined. This article presents an analysis of Instant Messaging (IM), a one-to-one synchronous medium of computer-mediated communication. Innumerable articles in the popular press suggest that increasing use of IM by teens is leading to a break- down in the English language. The analyses presented here are based on a unique corpus involving 72 teenagers and over a million words of natural, unmonitored IM. In addition, a corpus of speech from the same teenagers is examined for comparison. Targeting well-known IM features and four areas of grammar, we show that IM is firmly rooted in the model of the extant language. It reflects the same structured heteroge- neity (variation) and the same dynamic, ongoing processes of linguistic change that are currently under way in contemporary varieties of English. At the same time, IM is a unique new hybrid register, exhibiting a fusion of the full range of variants from the speech community—formal, informal, and highly vernacular. Teenagers in the early twenty-first century are using home com- puters for communication at unprecedented rates in ever-expanding virtual communities. A particularly favorite medium, at least when we conducted this research, was Instant Messaging (IM). IM is "a one-to-one synchronous form of computer-mediated communication" (Baron 2004, 13). It is "direct, immediate, casual online contact" ( 2002). In essence, IM is real-time "interactive written discourse" (Ferrara, Brunner, and Whittemore Weblogs (blogs) - frequently modified Web pages in which dated entries are listed in reverse chronological sequence - are the latest genre of Internet communication to attain widespread popularity, yet their characteristics have not been systematically described. This paper presents the results of a content analysis of 203 randomly-selected Weblogs, comparing the empirically observable features of the corpus with popular claims about the nature of Weblogs, and finding them to differ in a number of respects. Notably, blog authors, journalists and scholars alike exaggerate the extent to which blogs are interlinked, interactive, and oriented towards external events, and underestimate the importance of blogs as individualistic, intimate forms of self-expression. Based on the profile generated by the empirical analysis, we consider the likely antecedents of the blog genre, situate it with respect to the dominant forms of digital communication on the Internet today, and advance predictions about its long-term impacts. This paper examines linguistic variation on an Internet Relay Chat channel with respect to the hypothesis, based on the model of Milroy and Milroy (1992), that standard variants tend to be associated with weak social network ties, while vernacular variants are associated with strong network ties. An analysis of frequency of contact as a measure of tie strength reveals a structured relationship between tie strength and several linguistic variants. However, the variant features are associated with social positions in a way that does not correlate neatly with tie strength. An account of these results is proposed in terms of the social functions of the different variables and the larger social context of IRC affecting tie strength.  The present study investigates changes in both the sender's and the target's linguistic style across truthful and deceptive dyadic communication in a synchronous text-based setting. A computer-based analysis of 242 transcripts revealed that senders produced more words overall, decreased their use of self-oriented pronouns but increased other-oriented pronouns, and used more sense-based descriptions (e.g., seeing, touching) when lying than when telling the truth. In addition, motivated senders avoided causal terms during deception, while unmotivated senders relied more heavily on simple negations. Receivers used more words when being deceived, but they also asked more questions and used shorter sentences when being lied to than when being told the truth, especially when the sender was unmotivated. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for linguistic style matching and interpersonal deception theory. Part I. Background Concepts and Issues: 1. Introduction: textual dimensions and relations 2. Situations and functions 3. Previous linguistic research on speech and writing Part II. Methodology: 4. Methodological overview of the study 5. Statistical analysis Part III. Dimensions and Relations in English: 6. Textual dimensions in speech and writing 7. Textual relations in speech and writing 8. Extending the description: variations within genres 9. Afterword: applying the model Appendices.  There is a venerable tradition in rhetoric and composition which sees the composing process as a series of decisions and choices.1 However, it is no longer easy simply to assert this position, unless you are prepared to answer a number of questions, the most pressing of which probably is: "What then are the criteria which govern that choice?" Or we could put it another way: "What guides the decisions writers make as they write?" In a recent survey of composition research, Odell, Cooper, and Courts noticed that some of the most thoughtful people in the field are giving us two reasonable but somewhat different answers: