Watching cartoons can be useful for children's intellectual, social and emotional development. However, the most popular video sharing platform today provides many videos with Elsagate content. Elsagate is a phenomenon that depicts childhood characters in disturbing circumstances (e.g., gore, toilet humor, drinking urine, stealing). Even with this threat easily available for children, there is no work in the literature addressing the problem. As the first to explore disturbing content in cartoons, we proceed from the most recent pornography detection literature applying deep convolutional neural networks combined with static and motion information of the video. Our solution is compatible with mobile platforms and achieved 92.6 of accuracy. Our goal is not only to introduce the first solution but also to bring up the discussion around Elsagate.
 Automatically detecting violence in videos is paramount for enforcing the law and providing the society with better policies for safer public places. In addition, it may be essential for protecting minors from accessing inappropriate contents on-line, and for helping parents choose suitable movie titles for their children. However, this is an open problem as the very definition of violence is subjective and may vary from one society to another. Detecting such nuances from video footages with no human supervision is very challenging. Clearly, when designing a computer-aided solution to this problem, we need to think of efficient (quickly harness large troves of data) and effective detection methods (robustly filter what needs special attention and further analysis). In this vein, we explore a content description method for violence detection founded upon temporal robust features that quickly grasp video sequences, automatically classifying violent videos. The used method also holds promise for fast and effective classification of other recognition tasks (e.g., pornography and other inappropriate material). When compared to more complex counterparts for violence detection, the method shows similar classification quality while being several times more efficient in terms of runtime and memory footprint. Abstract The very idea of hiring humans to avoid the indiscriminate spread of inappropriate sensitive content online (e.g., child pornography and violence) is daunting. The inherent data deluge and the tediousness of the task call for more adequate approaches, and set the stage for computer-aided methods. If running in the background, such methods could readily cut the stream flow at the very moment of inadequate content exhibition, being invaluable for protecting unwary spectators. Except for the particular case of violence detection, related work to sensitive video analysis has mostly focused on deciding whether or not a given stream is sensitive, leaving the localization task largely untapped. Identifying when a stream starts and ceases to display inappropriate content is key for live streams and video on demand. In this work, we propose a novel multimodal fusion approach to sensitive scene localization. The solution can be applied to diverse types of sensitive content, without the need for step modifications (general purpose). We leverage the multimodality data nature of videos (e.g., still frames, video space-time, audio stream, etc.) to effectively single out frames of interest. To validate the solution, we perform localization experiments on pornographic and violent video streams, two of the commonest types of sensitive content, and report quantitative and qualitative results. The results show, for instance, that the proposed method only misses about five minutes in every hour of streamed pornographic content. Finally, for the particular task of pornography localization, we also introduce the first frame-level annotated pornographic video dataset to date, which comprises 140 h of video, freely available for downloading. This paper presents the RECOD approaches used in the MediaEval 2014 Violent Scenes Detection task. Our system is based on the combination of visual, audio, and text features. We also evaluate the performance of a convolutional network as a feature extractor. We combined those features using a fusion scheme. We participated in the main and the generalization tasks. Detecting violence in videos through automatic means is significant for law enforcement and analysis of surveillance cameras with the intent of maintaining public safety. Moreover, it may be a great tool for protecting children from accessing inappropriate content and help parents make a better informed decision about what their kids should watch. However, this is a challenging problem since the very definition of violence is broad and highly subjective. Hence, detecting such nuances from videos with no human supervision is not only technical, but also a conceptual problem. With this in mind, we explore how to better describe the idea of violence for a convolutional neural network by breaking it into more objective and concrete parts. Initially, our method uses independent networks to learn features for more specific concepts related to violence, such as fights, explosions, blood, etc. Then we use these features to classify each concept and later fuse them in a meta-classification to describe violence. We also explore how to represent time-based events in still-images as network inputs; since many violent acts are described in terms of movement. We show that using more specific concepts is an intuitive and effective solution, besides being complementary to form a more robust definition of violence. When compared to other methods for violence detection, this approach holds better classification quality while using only automatic features. The ability to filter improper content from multimedia sources based on visual content has important applications, since text-based filters are clearly insufficient against erroneous and or malicious associations between text and actual content. In this paper, we investigate a method for detection of nudity in videos based on a bag-of-visual-features representation for frames and an associated voting scheme.Bag-of-Visual-Features (BoVF) approaches have been successfully applied to object recognition and scene classification, showing robustness to occlusion and also to the several kinds of variations that normally curse object detection methods. To the best of our knowledge, only two proposals in the literature use BoVF for nude detection in still images, and no other attempt has been made at applying BoVF for videos. Nevertheless, the results of our experiments show that this approach is indeed able to provide good recognition rates for nudity even at the frame level and with a relatively low sampling ratio. Also, the proposed voting scheme significantly enhances the recognition rates for video segments, achieving, in the best case, a value of 93.2 of correct classification, using a sampling ratio of 1 15 frames. Finally, a visual analysis of some particular cases indicates possible sources of misclassifications. Recent literature has explored automated pornographic detection - a bold move to replace humans in the tedious task of moderating online content. Unfortunately, on scenes with high skin exposure, such as people sunbathing and wrestling, the state of the art can have many false alarms. This paper is based on the premise that incorporating motion information in the models can alleviate the problem of mapping skin exposure to pornographic content, and advances the bar on automated pornography detection with the use of motion information and deep learning architectures. Deep Learning, especially in the form of Convolutional Neural Networks, have striking results on computer vision, but their potential for pornography detection is yet to be fully explored through the use of motion information. We propose novel ways for combining static (picture) and dynamic (motion) information using optical flow and MPEG motion vectors. We show that both methods provide equivalent accuracies, but that MPEG motion vectors allow a more efficient implementation. The best proposed method yields a classification accuracy of 97.9 - an error reduction of 64.4 when compared to the state of the art - on a dataset of 800 challenging test cases. Finally, we present and discuss results on a larger, and more challenging, dataset. Abstract With the growing amount of inappropriate content on the Internet, such as pornography, arises the need to detect and filter such material. The reason for this is given by the fact that such content is often prohibited in certain environments (e.g., schools and workplaces) or for certain publics (e.g., children). In recent years, many works have been mainly focused on detecting pornographic images and videos based on visual content, particularly on the detection of skin color. Although these approaches provide good results, they generally have the disadvantage of a high false positive rate since not all images with large areas of skin exposure are necessarily pornographic images, such as people wearing swimsuits or images related to sports. Local feature based approaches with Bag-of-Words models (BoW) have been successfully applied to visual recognition tasks in the context of pornography detection. Even though existing methods provide promising results, they use local feature descriptors that require a high computational processing time yielding high-dimensional vectors. In this work, we propose an approach for pornography detection based on local binary feature extraction and BossaNova image representation, a BoW model extension that preserves more richly the visual information. Moreover, we propose two approaches for video description based on the combination of mid-level representations namely BossaNova Video Descriptor (BNVD) and BoW Video Descriptor (BoW-VD). The proposed techniques are promising, achieving an accuracy of 92.40 , thus reducing the classification error by 16 over the current state-of-the-art local features approach on the Pornography dataset. A considerable number of the most-subscribed YouTube channels feature content popular among children of very young age. Hundreds of toddler-oriented channels on YouTube offer inoffensive, well produced, and educational videos. Unfortunately, inappropriate (disturbing) content that targets this demographic is also common. YouTube's algorithmic recommendation system regrettably suggests inappropriate content because some of it mimics or is derived from otherwise appropriate content. Considering the risk for early childhood development, and an increasing trend in toddler's consumption of YouTube media, this is a worrying problem. While there are many anecdotal reports of the scale of the problem, there is no systematic quantitative measurement. Hence, in this work, we develop a classifier able to detect toddler-oriented inappropriate content on YouTube with 82.8 accuracy, and we leverage it to perform a first-of-its-kind, large-scale, quantitative characterization that reveals some of the risks of YouTube media consumption by young children. Our analysis indicates that YouTube's currently deployed counter-measures are ineffective in terms of detecting disturbing videos in a timely manner. Finally, using our classifier, we assess how prominent the problem is on YouTube, finding that young children are likely to encounter disturbing videos when they randomly browse the platform starting from benign videos. Abstract Over the past two decades, the nature of child pornography in terms of generation, distribution and possession of images drastically changed, evolving from basically covert and offline exchanges of content to a massive network of contacts and data sharing. Nowadays, the internet has become not only a transmission channel but, probably, a child pornography enabling factor by itself. As a consequence, most countries worldwide consider a crime to take, or permit to be taken, to store or to distribute images or videos depicting any child pornography grammar. But before action can even be taken, we must detect the very existence or presence of sexually exploitative imagery of children when gleaning over vast troves of data. With this backdrop, veering away from virtually all off-the-shelf solutions and existing methods in the literature, in this work, we leverage cutting-edge data-driven concepts and deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to harness enough characterization aspects from a wide range of images and point out the presence of child pornography content in an image. We explore different transfer-learning strategies for CNN modeling. CNNs are first trained with problems for which we can gather more training examples and upon which there are no serious concerns regarding collection and storage and then fine-tuned with data from the target problem of interest. The learned networks outperform different existing solutions and seem to represent an important step forward when dealing with child pornography content detection. The proposed solutions are encapsulated in a sandbox virtual machine ready for deployment by experts and practitioners. Experimental results with tens of thousands of real cases show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.