In prehistoric times, the archipelago was inhabited by various ethnic groups. Then, kingdoms such as Srivijaya and Majapahit emerged, cementing Indonesia's position as the center of trade and culture in Southeast Asia. The colonial era began with the arrival of the Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch. The Dutch VOC then controlled the spice trade.

The 20th century saw Indonesia's struggle for independence from colonialism. The Proclamation of Independence on August 17 1945 became a historical milestone. The struggle against the Dutch and Japanese took place, and Indonesia officially achieved independence on December 27, 1949. The New Order era under Suharto brought stability, but also controversy over human rights.

The 1998 reforms ended Suharto's rule and opened a new era. Indonesia is experiencing economic growth, democratic development and significant social change. Until now, Indonesia continues to transform as a multicultural and dynamic country in Asia.