European constructions, firearms, horses, forged metals, European clothing, books, European musical instruments, alphabetic writing systems, imported diseases, rigid social hierarchies, monetary systems, plantations of non-native crops, European domestic animals, compasses, telescopes, cannons, European-style churches, oil paintings, extensive written records, concepts of colonization and exploitation, race-based slavery, deadly epidemics, militarized European culture, European diseases, European-style agriculture, European-style legal systems, formal education institutions, large-scale mining operations, extensive trade routes, European-style ships, centralized political structures, standing armies, European-style fortifications, written legal codes, feudalistic systems, European-style clothing and fashion, large-scale organized religion, European-style governance systems, widespread alcohol consumption, organized sports with European rules, large-scale industrialization, European-sty