JOHANNES LODEWIKUS GRIEBENAUW
Yes, just briefly.  I would just like to give you one quote, it says in the 1980's, this comes out of the Sheshaba, the official mouthpiece of the ANC, in the 1980's community organisations such as CIVICS, students' and youth organisations and women's structures, began to spring up all over South Africa.
	This was a rebirth of the mass congress movement and led to the formation of the United Democratic Front.  Massive national school boycotts erupted the townships in 1980, and again in 1984 and 1985.
	(Indistinct) organisations and (indistinct) also took a major step forward with the formation together with independent Unions that had begun to grow in the 70's.  Cosatu committed itself to advancing the struggle of workers, both in the workplace and in the community.
	1987 saw the highest number of strikes ever, including a strike by over 300 000 mine workers.  In 1985, the ANC called on township residents to make townships ungovernable, by destroying the black local authorities.
	Councillors and Police were called on to resign, municipal buildings and homes of collaborators, were attacked.  As the administrative system broke down, people established their own democratic structures to run the community, including Street Committees and People's Courts.
	An atmosphere of mass insurrection prevailed in many townships and rural towns across the country, during 1985 and 1986.  Mass struggles and the armed struggle began to support one another.
	A state of emergency was declared over many parts of the country in July 1985.  It lasted for six months and then in June 1986, a national emergency was declared.  That lasted until 1990.
	Chairperson, when I arrived in East London, a whole number of my members of staff, were black staff members, and they had been driven out of their homes in Mdantsane.  They were actually living on boats in the East London harbour, that is how the things were at the time.