MR VAN DER MERWE
What I would say is the implied authority, I would also equate to a lack of control.  These things were happening and nothing was done about it. Instead, the powers of the security forces were increased, despite everything that happened. In my mind I would say that turning a blind eye, I would construe as implied authority at this stage.	And then I think that as far as subsection (2)(f) is concerned, it could also become relevant.