Ist Qumran einen Besuch wert?
Is Qumran worth to visit
Qumran is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park. It is located on a dry marl plateau about 1.5 km (1 mi) from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, near the Israeli settlement and kibbutz of Kalya.

The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed during the reign of Hasmonean leader John Hyrcanus (134–104 BCE) or somewhat later. Qumran was inhabited by a Jewish community of the late Second Temple period, which most scholars identify with the mystic sect of the Essenes; however, other groups were also suggested. It was occupied most of the time until 68 CE and was destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish-Roman War, possibly as late as 73 CE. It was later used by Jewish rebels during the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Today, the Qumran site is best known as the settlement nearest to the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were hidden, caves in the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace. The principal excavations at Qumran were conducted by Roland de Vaux in the 1950s, and several later digs have been carried out.

Since the 1967 Six Day War, Qumran has been managed by the Israel Nature and Parks Authority.
Qumran ist eine archäologische Stätte im Westjordanland, die vom israelischen Qumran-Nationalpark verwaltet wird. Sie befindet sich auf einem trockenen Mergelplateau, etwa 1,5 km vom nordwestlichen Ufer des Toten Meeres entfernt, in der Nähe der israelischen Siedlung und des Kibbuz Kalya.

Die Siedlung aus hellenistischer Zeit wurde während der Herrschaft des Hasmonäerführers Johannes Hyrkanus (134-104 v. Chr.) oder etwas später errichtet. Qumran wurde von einer jüdischen Gemeinde aus der späten Zeit des Zweiten Tempels bewohnt, die von den meisten Gelehrten mit der mystischen Sekte der Essener identifiziert wird; es werden aber auch andere Gruppen vermutet. Sie war die meiste Zeit bis 68 n. Chr. bewohnt und wurde während des Ersten Jüdisch-Römischen Krieges von den Römern zerstört, möglicherweise erst im Jahr 73 n. Chr. Später wurde sie von jüdischen Rebellen während des Bar Kokhba-Aufstandes genutzt. Heute ist die Stätte Qumran vor allem als die Siedlung bekannt, die den Höhlen von Qumran am nächsten liegt, in denen die Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer versteckt wurden, Höhlen in den steilen Wüstenklippen und darunter, in der Mergelterrasse. Die wichtigsten Ausgrabungen in Qumran wurden in den 1950er Jahren von Roland de Vaux durchgeführt, und auch später gab es noch mehrere Ausgrabungen.

Seit dem Sechstagekrieg 1967 wird Qumran von der israelischen Natur- und Parkbehörde verwaltet.
summarization
Qumran (Hebrew: קומראן; Arabic: خربة قمران Khirbet Qumran) is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park. It is located on a dry marl plateau about 1.5 km (1 mi) from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, near the Israeli settlement and kibbutz of Kalya.

The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed during the reign of Hasmonean leader John Hyrcanus (134–104 BCE) or somewhat later. Qumran was inhabited by a Jewish community of the late Second Temple period, which most scholars identify with the mystic sect of the Essenes; however, other groups were also suggested. It was occupied most of the time until 68 CE and was destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish-Roman War, possibly as late as 73 CE. It was later used by Jewish rebels during the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Today, the Qumran site is best known as the settlement nearest to the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were hidden, caves in the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace. The principal excavations at Qumran were conducted by Roland de Vaux in the 1950s, and several later digs have been carried out.

Since the 1967 Six Day War, Qumran has been managed by the Israel Nature and Parks Authority.
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