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{"Title": "Power Density Spectra of GRBs", "Authors": "A.M. Beloborodov, B.E. Stern, R. Svensson", "Abstract": " Power density spectra (PDSs) of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide useful\ninformation on GRBs, indicating their self-similar temporal structure. The best\npower-law PDSs are displayed by the longest bursts (T_90>100 s) in which the\nrange of self-similar time scales covers more than 2 decades. Shorter bursts\nhave apparent PDS slopes more strongly affected by statistical fluctuations.\nThe underlying power law can then be reproduced with high accuracy by averaging\nthe PDSs for a large sample of bursts. This power law has a slope approximately\nequal to -5/3 and a sharp break at about 1 Hz.\n The power-law PDS provides a new sensitive tool for studies of GRBs. In\nparticular, we calculate the PDSs of bright bursts in separate energy channels.\nThe PDS flattens in the hard channel (h\\nu>300 keV) and steepens in the soft\nchannel (h\\nu<50 keV), while the PDS of bolometric light curves approximately\nfollows the -5/3 law.\n We then study dim bursts and compare them to the bright ones. We find a\nstrong correlation between the burst brightness and the PDS slope. This\ncorrelation shows that the bursts are far from being standard candles and dim\nbursts should be intrinsically weak. The time dilation of dim bursts is\nprobably related to physical processes occurring in the burst rather than to a\ncosmological redshift.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001401"}
astro-ph/0001402
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{"Title": "Chandra X-ray Observations of the Hydra A Cluster: An Interaction\n Between the Radio Source and the X-Ray-Emitting Gas", "Authors": "B.R. McNamara (CfA), M. Wise (MIT/CSR), P.E.J. Nulsen (U.\n Wollongong),L.P. David (CfA), C.L. Sarazin (U. Virginia), M. Bautz (MIT/CSR),\n M. Markevitch (CfA), A. Vikhlinin (CfA), W.R. Forman (CfA), C. Jones (CfA),\n D.E. Harris (CfA)", "Abstract": " We present Chandra X-ray Observations of the Hydra A cluster of galaxies, and\nwe report the discovery of structure in the central 80 kpc of the cluster's\nX-ray-emitting gas. The most remarkable structures are depressions in the X-ray\nsurface brightness, $\\sim 25-35$ kpc diameter, that are coincident with Hydra\nA's radio lobes. The depressions are nearly devoid of X-ray-emitting gas, and\nthere is no evidence for shock-heated gas surrounding the radio lobes. We\nsuggest the gas within the surface brightness depressions was displaced as the\nradio lobes expanded subsonically, leaving cavities in the hot atmosphere. The\ngas temperature declines from 4 keV at 70 kpc to 3 keV in the inner 20 kpc of\nthe brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), and the cooling time of the gas is $\\sim\n600$ Myr in the inner 10 kpc. These properties are consistent with the presence\nof a $\\sim 34 \\msunyr$ cooling flow within a 70 kpc radius. Bright X-ray\nemission is present in the BCG surrounding a recently-accreted disk of nebular\nemission and young stars. The star formation rate is commensurate with the\ncooling rate of the hot gas within the volume of the disk, although the sink\nfor the material cooling at larger radii remains elusive.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001402"}
astro-ph/0001403
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{"Title": "Properties of disk galaxies in a hierarchical formation scenario", "Authors": "V. Avila-Reese (1), C. Firmani (1,2) ((1) Instituto de Astronomia,\n UNAM, Mexico (2) Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Italy)", "Abstract": " We used galaxy evolutionary models in a hierarchical inside-out formation\nscenario to study the origin of the main properties and correlations of disk\ngalaxies. We found that most of these properties and correlations are the\nresult of three (cosmological) initial factors and their dispersions: the\nvirial mass, the halo mass aggregation history (MAH), and the angular momentum\ngiven through the spin parameter \\lambda. The MAH determines mainly the halo\nstructure and the color indexes while \\lambda determines mainly the surface\nbrightness and the bulge-to-disk ratio. We calculated star formation (SF) using\na gravitational instability criterion and a self-regulation mechanism in the\nturbulent ISM. The efficiency of SF in this model is almost independent from\nthe mass. We show that the luminosity-dependent dust absorption empirically\ndetermined by Wang & Heckman explains the observed color-magnitude and color\nTully-Fisher (TF) relations without the necessity of introducing a\nmass-dependent SF efficiency. The disks in centrifugal equilibrium form within\ngrowing CDM halos with a gas accretion rate proportional to the MAH. The disks\npresent exponential surface density and brightness profiles, negative radial\ncolor index gradients, and nearly flat rotation curves. We also calculated the\nsecular formation of a bulge due to gravitational instabilities in the stellar\ndisk. The intensive properties of our models agree with the observational data\nand the trends of the Hubble sequence are reproduced. The predicted infrared TF\nand luminosity-radius relations also agree with observations. The main\nshortcomings of our inside-out hierarchical models are the excessive radial\ncolor gradients and the dark halo dominion in the rotation curve\ndecompositions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001403"}
astro-ph/0001404
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{"Title": "ROSAT observations of X-ray emission from planetary nebulae", "Authors": "Martin A. Guerrero, You-Hua Chu and Robert A. Gruendl (Department of\n Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)", "Abstract": " We have searched the entire ROSAT archive for useful observations to study\nX-ray emission from Galactic planetary nebulae (PNs). The search yields a\nsample of 63 PNs, which we call the ROSAT PN sample. About 20-25% of this\nsample show X-ray emission; these include 13 definite detections and three\npossible detections (at a 2-sigma level). All X-ray sources in these PNs are\nconcentrated near the central stars. Only A 30, BD+30 3639, and NGC 6543 are\nmarginally resolved by the ROSAT instruments. Three types of X-ray spectra are\nseen in PNs. Type 1 consists of only soft X-ray emission (<0.5 keV), peaks at\n0.1-0.2 keV, and can be fitted by blackbody models at temperatures 1-2 10^5 K.\nType 2 consists of harder X-ray emission, peaks at >0.5 keV, and can be fitted\nby thin plasma emission models at temperatures of a few 10^6 K. Type 3 is a\ncomposite of a bright Type 1 component and a fainter Type 2 component.\nUnresolved soft sources with Type 1 spectra or the soft component of Type 3\nspectra are most likely photospheric emission from the hot central stars.\nAbsorption cross sections are large for these soft-energy photons; therefore,\nonly large, tenuous, evolved PNs with hot central stars and small absorption\ncolumn densities have been detected. The origin of hard X-ray emission from PNs\nis uncertain. PNs with Type 2 spectra are small, dense, young nebulae with\nrelatively cool (<<10^5 K) central stars, while PNs with Type 3 X-ray spectra\nare large, tenuous, evolved nebulae with hot central stars. The hard X-ray\nluminosities are also different between these two types of PNs, indicating\nperhaps different origins of their hard X-ray emission. Future Chandra and XMM\nobservations with high spatial and spectral resolution will help to understand\nthe origin of hard X-ray emission from PNs.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001404"}
astro-ph/0001405
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{"Title": "Hydrodymanic collimation of GRB fireballs", "Authors": "A. Levinson (TAU), D. Eichler (BGU)", "Abstract": " Analytic solutions are presented for the hydrodynamic collimation of a\nrelativistic fireball by a surrounding baryonic wind emanating from a torus.\nThe opening angle is shown to be the ratio of the power output of the inner\nfireball to that of the exterior baryonic wind. The gamma ray burst 990123\nmight thus be interpreted as a baryon-pure jet with an energy output of order\n10$^{50}$ erg or less, collimated by a baryonic wind from a torus with an\nenergy output of order $10^{52}$ erg.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001405"}
astro-ph/0001406
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{"Title": "The deuterium abundance in QSO absorption systems: a mesoturbulent\n approach", "Authors": "Sergei A. Levshakov (Ioffe Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia)", "Abstract": " A new method, based on simulated annealing technique and aimed at the inverse\nproblem in the analysis of intergalactic or interstellar complex spectra of\nhydrogen and metal lines, is outlined. We consider the process of line\nformation in clumpy stochastic media accounting for fluctuating velocity and\ndensity fields self-consistently. Two examples of the analysis of `H+D'-like\nabsorptions seen at z = 3.514 and 3.378 towards APM 08279+5255 are presented.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001406"}
astro-ph/0001407
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{"Title": "Broad-band BeppoSAX observation of the low-mass X-ray binary X1822-371", "Authors": "A.N. Parmar (1), T. Oosterbroek (1), S. Del Sordo (2), A. Segreto (2),\n A. Santangelo (2), D. Dal Fiume(3), M. Orlandini (3) ((1) ESA/ESTEC, (2)\n IFCAI/Palermo, (3) ITESRE/Bologna)", "Abstract": " Results of a 1997 September 9-10 BeppoSAX observation of the 5.57 hr low-mass\nX-ray binary (LMXRB) X1822-371 are presented. The 0.3-40 keV spectrum is\nunusually complex and cannot be fit by any of the standard models applied to\nother LMXRB. At least two components are required. One component has a shape\nconsistent with that expected from the Comptonization of an input soft (Wein)\nspectrum while the other, contributing ~40% of the 1-10 keV flux, is consistent\nwith being a blackbody. In addition, there is a ``dip'' in the spectrum which\ncan be modeled by a 1.33 +0.05 -0.11 keV absorption edge with an optical depth,\ntau, of 0.28 +/- 0.06. If the same model is fit to ASCA Solid-State Imaging\nSpectrometer spectra obtained in 1993 and 1996, then reasonable fits are also\nobtained, with a similar absorption feature required. The nature of this\nfeature is highly uncertain; its energy corresponds to the K-edges of highly\nionized Ne x and neutral Mg, or to an L-edge of moderately ionized Fe.\nSurprisingly, no strong (tau > 0.05) Fe-K or (tau > 0.18) O-K edges are\nvisible. The folded lightcurve of X1822-371 is similar to previous\nobservations, except that no strong softening is seen near the eclipse. An\nupdated orbital ephemeris is provided.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001407"}
astro-ph/0001408
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{"Title": "Transformations between the theoretical and observational planes in the\n HST-NICMOS and WFPC2 photometric systems", "Authors": "Livia Origlia and Claus Leitherer", "Abstract": " Color-temperature relations and bolometric corrections in the HST-NICMOS\nF1110W, F160W and F222M and in the WFPC2 F439W, F555W and F814W photometric\nsystems, using two different sets of model atmospheres, have been derived. This\ndatabase of homogeneous, self-consistent transformations between the\ntheoretical and observational planes also allows combinations of visual and\ninfrared quantities, without any further transformation between the two\ndifferent photometric systems. The behavior of the inferred quantities with\nvarying the stellar parameters, the adopted model atmospheres and the\ninstrumental configurations are investigated. Suitable relations to transform\ncolors and bolometric corrections from HST to ground-based photometric systems\nare also provided.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001408"}
astro-ph/0001409
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{"Title": "Evolution of D and 3He in the Galaxy", "Authors": "Monica Tosi (Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Italy)", "Abstract": " The predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models for D and $^3$He are\ndescribed in connection with those on the other Galactic quantities for which\nobservational constraints are available.\n Models in agreement with the largest set of data predict deuterium depletions\nfrom the Big Bang to the present epoch smaller than a factor of 3 and do not\nallow for D/H primordial abundances larger than $\\sim4\\times10^{-5}$. Models\npredicting higher D consumption do not reproduce other observed features of our\nGalaxy.\n If both the primordial D and $^3$He are low, models assuming that 90% of\nlow-mass stars experience an extra-mixing during the red giant phase reproduce\nall the $^3$He observed abundances. The same percentage allows to fit also the\nobserved carbon isotopic ratios, thus supporting the self-consistency of the\nextra-mixing mechanism.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001409"}
astro-ph/0001410
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{"Title": "New Extreme Synchrotron BL Lac Objects", "Authors": "L. Costamante, G. Ghisellini, P. Giommi, G. Tagliaferri, A. Celotti,\n M. Chiaberge, L. Chiappetti, G. Fossati, L. Maraschi, E. Pian, F. Tavecchio,\n A. Treves, A. Wolter", "Abstract": " We report on the BeppoSAX observations of four \"extreme\" BL Lacs, selected to\nhave high synchrotron peak frequencies. All have been detected also in the PDS\nband. For 1ES 0120+340, PKS 0548-322 and H 2356-309 the spectrum is well fitted\nby a convex broken power-law, thus locating the synchrotron peak around 1 - 4\nkeV. 1ES 1426+428 presents a flat energy spectral index (alpha_x= 0.92) up to\n100 keV, thus constraining the synchrotron peak to lie near or above that\nvalue. For their extreme properties, all sources could be strong TeV emitters.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001410"}
astro-ph/0001411
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{"Title": "Search for Astronomical Sites in Developing Countries and their\n Preventive Protection", "Authors": "F. R. Querci (Obs. Midi-Pyrenees, Toulouse), M. Querci (Obs.\n Midi-Pyrenees, Toulouse)", "Abstract": " The archives of meteorological satellites permit to find around the world dry\nsites well adapted to astronomical observations (in the visible, IR, and\nmillimetric ranges), as a pre-selection of sites. The GSM (Grating Scale\nMonitor) technique permits to qualify some of them as astronomical sites for a\nfuture setting-up of astronomical observatories. Such sites are found in new\nastronomical countries or in Developing Countries. At the same time, their\npreventive protection from light pollution and/or radio interference has to be\nviewed. In practice, once the pre-selection is made, the government of these\ncountries ought to be alerted for example by IAU and/or UN Office for Outer\nSpace Affairs. The local site testing through GSM should be carried out in\ncooperation with astronomers or scientists of these countries under the\numbrella of IAU. This should be an approach to help to introduce astronomy and\nastrophysics in Developing Countries.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001411"}
astro-ph/0001412
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{"Title": "The enigmatic Soft X-ray AGN RX J0134.2--4258", "Authors": "D. Grupe, K.M. Leighly, H.-C. Thomas, and S.A. Laurent-Muehleisen", "Abstract": " We report the discovery and analysis of the follow-up ROSAT pointed\nobservation, an ASCA observation and optical and radio observations of the\nenigmatic soft X-ray AGN RX J0134.2-4258. In the optical, RX J0134.2-4258\nappears as an extreme 'Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy' (NLS1), with very strong\nFeII emission, very blue optical continuum spectrum and almost no Narrow Line\nRegion emission. While its spectrum was one of the softest observed from an AGN\nduring the ROSAT All-Sky Survey, its spectrum was found to be dramatically\nharder during a pointed observation although the count rate remained constant.\nWe found in the pointed observation that the spectrum is softer when it is\nfainter and spectral fitting demonstrates that it is the hard component that is\nvariable. The ASCA observation confirms the presence of a hard X-ray power law,\nthe slope of which is rather flat compared with other NLS1s. Survey and\nfollowup radio observations reveal that RX J0134.2-4258 is also unusual in that\nit is a member of the rare class of radio-loud NLS1s, and, with R=71, it holds\nthe current record for largest radio-to-optical ratio in NLS1s. We discuss\npossible scenarios to explain its strange behaviour.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001412"}
astro-ph/0001413
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{"Title": "Microjansky radio sources in DC0107-46 (Abell 2877)", "Authors": "A. Hopkins, A. Georgakakis, L. Cram, J. Afonso, and B. Mobasher", "Abstract": " The cluster DC0107-46 (Abell 2877) lies within the Phoenix Deep Survey, made\nat 1.4 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Of 89 known optical\ncluster members, 70 lie within the radio survey area. Of these 70 galaxies, 15\n(21%) are detected, with luminosities as faint as 10^20 W/Hz. Spectroscopic\nobservations are available for 14/15 of the radio-detected cluster galaxies.\nSix galaxies show only absorption features and are typical low-luminosity AGN\nradio sources. One galaxy hosts a Seyfert 2 nucleus, two are star-forming\ngalaxies, and the remaining five may be star-forming galaxies, AGNs, or both.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001413"}
astro-ph/0001414
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{"Title": "Predicting Future Duration from Present Age: A Critical Assessment", "Authors": "Carlton M. Caves (University of New Mexico)", "Abstract": " Using a temporal version of the Copernican principle, Gott has proposed a\nstatistical predictor of future longevity based on present age [J. R. Gott III,\nNature 363, 315 (1993)] and applied the predictor to a variety of examples,\nincluding the longevity of the human species. Though Gott's proposal contains a\ngrain of truth, it does not have the universal predictive power that he\nattributes to it.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001414"}
astro-ph/0001415
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{"Title": "Measuring the Diffuse Optical Light in Abell 1651", "Authors": "Anthony H. Gonzalez, Ann I. Zabludoff, Dennis Zaritsky, Julianne J.\n Dalcanton", "Abstract": " Using drift scan data, a new approach to determining surface brightness\nprofiles, and techniques for detecting low surface brightness signals, we fit\nthe light profile of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the rich cluster\nAbell 1651 out to 670 h^{-1} kpc. This radius is a significant fraction of the\nvirial radius of the cluster (2 h^{-1} Mpc; Girardi et al. 1998), indicating\nthat the sizes of the BCG and the cluster are comparable. We find that the\nprofile is consistent with a de Vaucouleurs profile over the radial range\nprobed. We also find that the integrated light profile of the BCG in Abell 1651\ncontributes 36% of the total cluster light within 500 h^{-1} kpc. Including all\nluminous components, we obtain M/L_I~160 h for the cluster, which would be\noverestimated by ~20% without the BCG halo. Furthermore, the relatively red\ncolor of the BCG at large radii suggests that recent disruption and tidal\nstripping of spirals and dwarf ellipticals do not contribute significantly to\nthe halo luminosity. The color and the form of the profile are consistent with\na scenario in which the BCG forms from filamentary collapse during the epoch of\ncluster formation, with relatively little evolution in the past 5 Gyrs\n(Dubinski 1998). We remove the BCG and other detected galaxies from the image\nand construct a two dimensional surface brightness map of the cluster core.\nSeveral knots of excess emission are found, but the total diffuse component is\nconstrained to contribute less than 5% of the cluster light.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001415"}
astro-ph/0001416
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{"Title": "Magnetic field and unstable accretion during AM Herculis low states", "Authors": "J.M. Bonnet-Bidaud (1), M. Mouchet (2,3), N.M. Shakhovskoy (4), T.A.\n Somova(5), N.N. Somov(5), I.L. Andronov(6), D. de Martino(7), S.V.\n Kolesnikov(6), Z. Kraicheva(8) ((1)Service d'Astrophysique, DSM/DAPNIA/SAp,\n CE Saclay, (2)DAEC, Observatoire de Paris Section de Meudon, (3)Universit\\'e\n Denis Diderot, (4)Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, (5)Special Astrophysical\n Observatory, (6)Department of Astronomy Odessa University, (7)Osservatorio\n Astronomico di Capodimonte, (8)Institute of Astronomy Bulgaria)", "Abstract": " A study of AM Her low states in September 1990 and 1991 and June-July 1997 is\nreported from a coordinated campaign with observations obtained at the\nHaute-Provence observatory, at the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical\nObservatory and at the 2.6m and 1.25m telescopes of the Crimean observatory.\nSpectra obtained at different dates when the source was in low states at a\ncomparable V magnitude, show the presence of strong Zeeman absorption features\nand marked changes in emission lines with a day-to-day reappearance of the HeII\n(4686\\AA) emission lines in 1991. Despite this variability, the magnetic field\ninferred from the fitting of the absorption spectrum with Zeeman hydrogen\nsplitting, is remarkably constant with a best value of (12.5$\\pm$0.5)MG.\nDetailed analysis of the UBVRI light curves shows the presence of repetitive\nmoderate amplitude ($\\sim$ 0.3-0.5 mag) flares predominantly red in colour.\nThese flares are attributed to small accretion events and are compared to the\nlarge ($\\sim$ 2 mag.) blue flare reported by Shakhovskoy et al. (1993). We\nsuggest that the general flaring activity observed during the low states is\ngenerated by accretion events. The different characteristics of the flares\n(colour and polarization) are the results of different shock geometries\ndepending on the net mass accretion flux.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001416"}
astro-ph/0001417
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{"Title": "OGLE Cepheids have Lower Amplitudes in SMC than in LMC", "Authors": "Bohdan Paczynski and Bart Pindor", "Abstract": " We selected cepheids from the OGLE database for the Magellanic Clouds in the\nperiod range 10^{1.1} < P < 10^{1.4} days. There were 33 objects in the LMC and\n35 in the SMC. We find that the median amplitude of cepheids in the LMC is 18%\nlarger than in the SMC, a 4 sigma effect. This implies that the period - flux\namplitude relation is not universal, and cannot be used to measure distances\naccurately.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001417"}
astro-ph/0001418
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{"Title": "The Magnetic Fields of the Universe and Their Origin", "Authors": "Stirling A. Colgate & Hui Li (LANL)", "Abstract": " Recent rotation measure observations of a dozen or so galaxy clusters have\nrevealed a surprisingly large amount of magnetic fields, whose estimated energy\nand flux are, on average, $\\sim 10^{58}$ ergs and $\\sim 10^{41}$ G cm$^2$,\nrespectively. These quantities are so much larger than any coherent sums of\nindividual galaxies within the cluster that an efficient galactic dynamo is\nrequired. We associate these fields with single AGNs within the cluster and\ntherefore with all galaxies during their AGN phase. Only the central, massive\nblack hole (BH) has the necessary binding energy, $\\sim 10^{61}$ ergs. Only the\naccretion disk during the BH formation has the winding number, $\\sim 10^{11}$\nturns, necessary to make the gain and magnetic flux. We present a model of the\nBH accretion disk dynamo that might create these magnetic fields, where the\nhelicity of the $\\alpha - \\Omega$ dynamo is driven by star-disk collisions. The\nback reaction of the saturated dynamo forms a force-free field helix that\ncarries the energy and flux of the dynamo and redistributes them within the\nclusters.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001418"}
astro-ph/0001419
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{"Title": "Constraints on Photometric Calibration from Observations of\n High-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae", "Authors": "David W. Hogg (IAS)", "Abstract": " The good match of the type Ia supernova (SNIa) Hubble Diagram to the\nprediction of a not-unreasonable cosmological world model shows that\nmeasurements of standard stars and their comparison with point sources down to\nm=25 mag is good to better than +/-0.5 mag over an 11 mag range. It also shows\nthat the true spectral energy distribution (SED) shapes of standard stars are\nknown to better than +/-0.5 mag over an octave in wavelength. On the other\nhand, the SNIa argument for an accelerating Universe assumes that the magnitude\nsystem is good to much better than ~0.1 mag over the 11 mag range, and that SED\nshapes are known to much better than ~10 percent over an octave in wavelength.\nThere is no independent empirical evidence for these plausible assumptions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001419"}
astro-ph/0001420
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{"Title": "Screw Instability and Blandford-Znajek Mechanism", "Authors": "Li-Xin Li", "Abstract": " When magnetic field lines thread a rotating black hole's horizon and connect\nwith remote astrophysical loads, the rotational energy of the black hole can be\nextracted through the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. Due to the rotation of the\nblack hole, the magnetic field lines are twisted and toroidal components are\ngenerated. So poloidal electric currents are induced and the black hole's\nrotational energy is transported to the astrophysical loads through Poynting\nflux. The Blandford-Znajek mechanism has been considered to be a possible\nprocess for powering extragalactic jets.\n In this paper we show that due to the screw instability of magnetic field,\nthe toroidal components of the magnetic field, and thus the poloidal currents,\ncannot exceed the limits given by the Kruskal-Shafranov criterion. This\nsignificantly lowers the power of the Blandford-Znajek mechanism when the loads\nare far from the black hole. So the Blandford-Znajek mechanism can only work\nefficiently within the neighborhood of the black hole. The implications of the\nresults for the scenario of extragalactic jets powered by the Blandford-Znajek\nmechanism are discussed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001420"}
astro-ph/0001421
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{"Title": "A Natural Formalism for Microlensing", "Authors": "Andrew Gould (Ohio State University)", "Abstract": " If the standard microlensing geometry is inverted so that the Einstein ring\nis projected onto the observer plane rather than the source plane, then the\nrelations between the observables (\\theta_E,\\tilde r_E) and the underlying\nphysical quantities (M,\\pi_rel) become immediately obvious. Here \\theta_E and\n\\tilde r_E are the angular and projected Einstein radii, M is the mass of the\nlens, and \\pi_rel is the lens-source relative parallax. I recast the basic\nformalism of microlensing in light of this more natural geometry and in terms\nof observables. I then find that the relations between observable and physical\nquantities assume an exceptionally simple form. In an appendix, I propose a set\nof notational conventions for microlensing.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001421"}
astro-ph/0001422
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{"Title": "Gas Stripping of Dwarf Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies", "Authors": "Masao Mori (University of Tokyo), Andreas Burkert (Max-Planck-Institut\n fuer Astronomie)", "Abstract": " Many clusters of galaxies contain an appreciable amount of hot gas, the\nintracluster medium. As a consequence, gas will be stripped from galaxies that\nmove through the inter cluster medium, if the ram pressure exceeds the internal\ngravitational force. We study the interaction between the intracluster medium\nand an extended gas component of dwarf galaxies confined by a surrounding cold\ndark matter halo analytically and numerically, using axisymmetric\ntwo-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations at high resolution. The results show\nthat the gas within the dark matter halo is totally stripped in a typical\ngalactic cluster. The process of ram pressure stripping therefore must have\nplayed an important role during the chemo-dynamical evolution of dwarf galaxies\nin galactic clusters. Our results predict that most of the chemical evolution\nof dwarf galaxies must have occurred at high redshift, before the virialized\ncluster had formed.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001422"}
astro-ph/0001423
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{"Title": "BeppoSAX and Chandra Observations of SAXJ0103.2-7209=2E0101.5-7225: a\n new Persistent 345s X-ray Pulsar in the SMC", "Authors": "G.L. Israel, S. Campana, S. Covino, D. Dal Fiume, T.J. Gaetz, S.\n Mereghetti, T. Oosterbroek, M. Orlandini, A.N. Parmar, D. Ricci and L. Stella", "Abstract": " We report the results of a 1998 July BeppoSAX observation of a field in the\nSMC which led to the discovery of 345s pulsations in the X-ray flux of\nSAXJ0103.2-7209. The BeppoSAX X-ray spectrum is well fit by an absorbed\npower-law with photon index 1.0 plus a black body component with kT=0.1keV. The\nunabsorbed luminosity in the 2-10 keV energy range is 1.2x10^{36} erg/s. In a\nvery recent Chandra observation the 345s pulsations are also detected. The\navailable period measurements provide a constant period derivative of -1.7s/yr\nover the last three years making SAXJ0103.2-7209 one of the most rapidly\nspinning-up X-ray pulsars known. The BeppoSAX position is consistent with that\nof the Einstein source 2E0101.5-7225 and the ROSAT source RXJ0103.2-7209. This\nsource was detected at a luminosity level of few 10^{35}-10^{36} erg/s in all\ndatasets of past X-ray missions since 1979. The ROSAT HRI and Chandra positions\nare consistent with that of a m_V=14.8 Be spectral type star already proposed\nas the likely optical counterpart of 2E0101.5-7225. We conclude that\nSAXJ0103.2-7209 and 2E0101.5-7225 are the same source, a relatively young and\npersistent X-ray pulsar in the SMC.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001423"}
astro-ph/0001424
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{"Title": "Stellar Dynamics and the implications on the merger evolution in NGC6240", "Authors": "M. Tecza, R. Genzel, L. J. Tacconi, S. Anders, L. E. Tacconi-Garman\n and N. Thatte", "Abstract": " We report near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the luminous merging\ngalaxy NGC 6240. Stellar velocities show that the two K-band peaks separated by\n1.6arcsec are the central parts of inclined, rotating disk galaxies with equal\nmass bulges. The dynamical masses of the nuclei are much larger than the\nstellar mass derived from the K-band light, implying that the progenitor\ngalaxies were galaxies with massive bulges. The K-band light is dominated by\nred supergiants formed in the two nuclei in starbursts, triggered ~2x10^7 years\nago, possibly by the most recent perigalactic approach. Strong feedback effects\nof a superwind and supernovae are responsible for a short duration burst\n(~5x10^6 years) which is already decaying. The two galaxies form a\nprograde-retrograde rotating system and from the stellar velocity field it\nseems that one of the two interacting galaxies is subject to a prograde\nencounter. Between the stellar nuclei is a prominent peak of molecular gas\n(H_2, CO). The stellar velocity dispersion peaks there indicating that the gas\nhas formed a local, self-gravitating concentration decoupled from the stellar\ngravitational potential. NGC 6240 has previously been reported to fit the\nparadigm of an elliptical galaxy formed through the merger of two galaxies.\nThis was based on the near-infrared light distribution which follows a\nr^1/4-law. Our data cast strong doubt on this conclusion: the system is by far\nnot relaxed, rotation plays an important role, as does self-gravitating gas,\nand the near-infrared light is dominated by young stars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001424"}
astro-ph/0001425
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{"Title": "Black Hole Formation and Gamma Ray Bursts", "Authors": "Remo Ruffini", "Abstract": " Recent work on the dyadosphere of a black hole is reviewed with special\nemphasis on the explanation of gamma ray bursts. A change of paradigm in the\nobservations of black holes is presented.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001425"}
astro-ph/0001426
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{"Title": "Early Galactic Evolution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen", "Authors": "G. Israelian, R. Garcia Lopez and Rafael Rebolo", "Abstract": " We present results on carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances for a sample of\nunevolved metal-poor stars with metallicities in the range -0.3< [Fe/H]< -3.\nOxygen abundances derived from different indicators are compared showing\nconsistently that in the range 0.3 >[Fe/H]>-3.0, the [O/Fe] ratio increases\nfrom approximately 0 to 1. We find a good agreement between abundances based on\nthe forbidden line, the OH and IR triplet lines when gravities based on\nHipparcos} parallaxes are considered for the sample stars. Gravities derived\nfrom LTE ionization balance in metal-poor stars with [Fe/H]< -1 are likely too\nlow, and could be responsible for an underestimation of the oxygen abundances\nderived using the [OI] line. [C/Fe] and [N/Fe] ratios appear to be constant,\nindependently of metallicity, in the same range. However, they show larger\nscatter than oxygen at a given metallicity, which could reflect the larger\nvariety of stellar production sites for these other elements.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001426"}
astro-ph/0001427
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{"Title": "Note on the Origin of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays", "Authors": "Pierre Billoir, Antoine Letessier-Selvon (LPNHE Paris)", "Abstract": " In this note we argue that the galactic model chosen by E.-J. Ahn, G.\nMedina-Tanco, P.L. Bierman and T. Stanev in their paper discussing the origin\nof the highest energy cosmic rays, is alone responsible for the focussing of\npositive particles towards the North galactic pole. We discuss the validity of\nthis model, in particular in terms of field reversals and radial extensions. We\nconclude that with such a model one cannot retreive any directional information\nfrom the observed direction of the cosmic rays. In particular one cannot\nidentify point sources at least up to energies of about 200 EeV. Therefore the\napparent clustering of the back-traced highest energy cosmic rays observed to\ndate cannot be interpreted as an evidence for a point source nor for the\nidentification of M87, which happens to be close to the North pole, as being\nsuch a source.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001427"}
astro-ph/0001428
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{"Title": "Stellar Dynamics in the Galactic centre: Proper Motions and Anisotropy", "Authors": "R. Genzel (1), C. Pichon (2 and 3), A. Eckart (1), O.E. Gerhard (2),\n T. Ott (1) ((1) MPE, (2) Univ. Basel, (3) Obs. de Strasbourg)", "Abstract": " We report a new analysis of stellar dynamics in the Galactic centre, based on\nimproved sky and LOS velocities for >100 stars within a few arcsec of SgrA*.\nOverall the motions do not deviate strongly from isotropy. For 32 stars with\nall 3 components determined the absolute, LOS and sky velocities agree well, as\nfor a spherical cluster. The projected radial and tangential motions of all 104\npm stars are also consistent with overall isotropy. However, the projected\nvelocities of the young, early type stars have a strong radial dependence. Most\nof the bright HeI stars 1-10\" from SgrA* are on tangential orbits. This\nanisotropy of the HeI stars and most of the brighter IRS16 complex members is\nlargely caused by a CW and counter-rotating, coherent rotation pattern. The\noverall rotation of the young star cluster probably is a remnant of the angular\nmomentum in the cloud these stars formed from. The fainter, fast stars within\n\\~1\" of SgrA* appear to be largely moving on radial or very elliptical orbits.\nWe have not detected nonlinear motion for any of them. Most of the SgrA*\ncluster members also are on CW orbits. Spectroscopy shows them to be early type\nstars. We propose that the SgrA* cluster stars are those members of the early\ntype cluster with small angular momentum which can plunge to the vicinity of\nSgrA*. Our anisotropy-independent estimate of the Sun-GC distance is 7.8-8.2\nkpc (+/- 0.9 kpc). We include velocity anisotropy in estimating the central\nmass distribution. We confirm previous conclusions that a compact central mass\nconcentration is present and dominates the potential from 0.01-1 pc. The\ncentral mass ranges from 2.6-3.3E6 M_sun. (abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001428"}
astro-ph/0001429
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{"Title": "Comptonization of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Relativistic Plasma", "Authors": "Torsten A. Ensslin, Christian R. Kaiser (MPI fuer Astrophysik,\n Garching)", "Abstract": " (Abridged) We investigate the spectral distortion of the cosmic microwave\nbackground (CMB) caused by relativistic plasma. Within the Thomson regime, an\nexact analytic expression for the photon scattering kernel of a momentum\npower-law electron distribution is given. The ultra-relativistic\nSunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) decrement measures the electron number and not the\nenergy content. On the other hand, the relativistic SZ increment at higher\nfrequencies depends strongly on the spectral shape of the electrons. We\ncalculate the expected Comptonization due to the energy release of radio\ngalaxies, which we estimate to be 3 10^66 erg Gpc^-3. We investigate\nComptonization from (a) the part of the released energy which is thermalized\nand (b) the relativistic, remnant radio plasma, which may form a second,\nrelativistic phase in the inter galactic medium, nearly unobservable for\npresent day instruments (presence of so called 'radio ghosts'). We find a\nthermal Comptonization parameter due to (a) of y = 10^-6 and (b) an optical\ndepth of relativistic electrons in old radio plasma of tau_rel < 10^-7. If a\nsubstantial fraction of the volume of clusters of galaxies is filled with such\nold radio plasma the SZ effect based determination of the Hubble constant is\nbiased to lower values. Finally, it is shown that a supra-thermal population of\nelectrons in the Coma cluster would produce a signature in the Wien-tail of the\nCMB, which is marginally detectable with a multifrequency measurement by the\nPlanck satellite. Such a population is expected to exist, since its\nbremsstrahlung would explain Coma's recently reported high energy X-ray excess.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001429"}
astro-ph/0001430
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{"Title": "Outbursts of EX Hydrae: mass-transfer events or disc instabilities?", "Authors": "Coel Hellier (Keele University), Jonathan Kemp, T. Naylor, Frank M.\n Bateson, Albert Jones, Danie Overbeek, Rod Stubbings and Koji Mukai", "Abstract": " We present the 45-yr record of EX Hya's lightcurve and discuss the\ncharacteristics of its 15 observed outbursts. We then concentrate on the 1998\noutburst, reporting the first outburst X-ray observations. We discover an X-ray\nbeat-cycle modulation, indicating that an enhanced accretion stream couples\ndirectly with the magnetosphere in outburst, confirming our previous\nprediction. Optical eclipse profiles late in outburst show that the visible\nlight is dominated by an enhanced mass-transfer stream overflowing the\naccretion disc. We are uncertain whether the enhanced mass transfer is\ntriggered by a disc instability, or by some other cause. While in outburst, EX\nHya shows some of the characteristics of SW Sex stars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001430"}
astro-ph/0001431
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{"Title": "A GRB Tool Shed", "Authors": "David J. Haglin (1), Richard J. Roiger (1), Jon Hakkila (1), Geoffrey\n Pendleton (2), Robert Mallozzi (2) ((1) Minnesota State University, Mankato,\n (2) University of Alabam in Huntsville)", "Abstract": " We describe the design of a suite of software tools to allow users to query\nGamma-Ray Burst (GRB) data and perform data mining expeditions. We call this\nsuite of tools a shed (SHell for Expeditions using Datamining). Our schedule is\nto have a completed prototype (funded via the NASA AISRP) by February, 2002.\nMeanwhile, interested users will find a partially functioning tool shed at\nhttp://grb.mankato.msus.edu.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001431"}
astro-ph/0001432
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{"Title": "Power filtration of CMB observational data", "Authors": "D. Novikov (1,2,3,4), P. Naselsky (5,6), H.E. Jorgensen (3), P.R.\n Christensen(5,7), I. Novikov(3,4,5,8), H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen(9) ((1) Ludwig\n Maximilians Universitat, (2) University of Oxford,(3)Copenhagen University\n Observatory, (4) Astro-Space Center of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, (5)\n Theoretical Astrophysics Center,(6)Rostov State University, (7) Niels Bohr\n Institute, (8) NORDITA,(9) Danish Space Research Institute)", "Abstract": " We propose a power filter Gp for linear reconstruction of the CMB signal from\nobservational maps. This Gp filter preserves the power spectrum of the CMB\nsignal in contrast to the Wiener filter which diminishes the power spectrum of\nthe reconstructed CMB signal. We demonstrate how peak statistics and a cluster\nanalysis can be used to estimate the probability of the presence of a CMB\nsignal in observational records. The efficiency of the Gp filter is\ndemonstrated on a toy model of an observational record consisting of a CMB\nsignal and noise in the form of foreground point sources.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001432"}
astro-ph/0001433
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{"Title": "Theoretical Implications of Diffuse Non-Thermal Emission from Clusters\n of Galaxies", "Authors": "Torsten A. Ensslin (MPI fuer Astrophysik, Garching)", "Abstract": " A short review on theoretical implications of non-thermal emission (radio,\nextreme ultraviolet, high energy X-ray) from the intra-cluster medium is given.\nThe origin of cluster radio halos and cluster radio relics is discussed within\nthe framework of a network of processes producing a non-thermal electron\npopulation. Emphasis is given to the role of old, remnant, presently invisible\nrelativistic plasma released by former radio galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001433"}
astro-ph/0001434
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{"Title": "Broad-band colour evolution of star clusters", "Authors": "Leo Girardi (Padova)", "Abstract": " We briefly review the main features in the broad-band colour evolution of\nstar clusters, over the complete age interval from 10^7 to 10^(10) yr. The\nemphasis is in the problem of age-dating distant young clusters (<2 Gyr) from\ntheir integrated colours. It is shown that U-B and B-V are less sensitive to\nmetallicity than colours involving red pass-bands, like V-I, at least up to\nages of some few Gyr. Since U-B and B-V are determined by well-understood and\nwell-populated evolutionary stages, they are also less affected by theoretical\nuncertainties and by the ubiquitous effect of stochastic colour dispersion. The\nlatter effects become important for the V-K colour. Thus, we argue that U-B and\nB-V are, presently, the more suitable broad-band colours for age-dating distant\nclusters. For other potentially useful colours like V-R and V-I, empirical\ntests of their evolution are still missing.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001434"}
astro-ph/0001435
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{"Title": "The MACHO Project 9 Million Star Color-Magnitude Diagram of the Large\n Magellanic Cloud", "Authors": "C. Alcock, R.A. Allsman, D.R. Alves, T.S. Axelrod, A. Basu, A.C.\n Becker, D.P. Bennett, K.H. Cook, A.J. Drake, K.C. Freeman, M. Geha, K.\n Griest, L. King, M.J. Lehner, S.L. Marshall, D. Minniti, C. Nelson, B.A.\n Peterson, P. Popowski, M.R. Pratt, P.J. Quinn, C.W. Stubbs, W. Sutherland,\n A.B. Tomaney, T. Vandehei, D.L. Welch (The MACHO Collaboration)", "Abstract": " We present a 9 million star color-magnitude diagram (9M CMD) of the LMC bar.\nThe 9M CMD reveals a complex superposition of different age and metallicity\nstellar populations, with important stellar evolutionary phases occurring over\n3 orders of magnitude in number density. First, we count the non-variable\nsupergiants, the associated Cepheids, and measure the effective temperatures\ndefining the instability strip. Lifetime predictions of stellar evolution\ntheory are tested, with implications for the origin of low-luminosity Cepheids.\nThe highly-evolved AGB stars have a bimodal distribution in brightness, which\nwe interpret as discrete old populations (>1 Gyr). The faint AGB may be\nmetal-poor and very old. We identify the clusters NGC 411 and M3 as templates\nfor the admixture of old stellar populations. However, there are indications\nthat the old and metal-poor field population has a red HB morphology: the RR\nLyraes lie on the red edge of the instability strip, the AGB-bump is very red,\nand the ratio of AGB-bump stars to RR Lyraes is quite large. If the HB second\nparameter is age, the old and metal-poor field population likely formed after\nthe oldest clusters. Lifetime predictions of stellar evolution theory lead us\nto associate a significant fraction of the red HB clump giants with the same\nold and metal-poor population producing the RR Lyraes and the AGB-bump. In this\ncase, compared to the age-dependent luminosity predictions of stellar evolution\ntheory, the red HB clump is too bright relative to the RR Lyraes and AGB-bump.\nLast, the surface density profile of RR Lyraes is fit by an exponential,\nfavoring a disk-like rather than spheroidal distribution. We conclude that the\nage of the LMC disk is probably similar to the age of the Galactic disk.\n(ABRIDGED)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001435"}
astro-ph/0001436
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{"Title": "X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts", "Authors": "Luigi Piro (IAS/CNR, Roma)", "Abstract": " The afterglow emission has become the main stream of Gamma-Ray burst research\nsince its discovery three years ago. With the distance-scale enigma solved, the\nstudy of the late-time GRB emission is now the most promising approach to\ndisclose the origin of these explosions and their relationship with the\nenvironment of the host galaxy in the early phase of the Universe. In this\ncontribution I will review X-ray observations and their implication on our\nundertstanding on the GRB phenomenon. These measurements are providing a direct\nprobe into the nature of the progenitor and a measurement of the GRB beaming\nproperties, crucial to establish the total energy output. Some evidence of iron\nlines connects the GRB explosion with massive progenitors, thence with\nstar-forming regions. Furthermore a comparison of the spectral properties with\nthe temporal evolution indicates that the fireball expansion should not be - on\naverage - highly collimated, with a jet angle $>10 \\deg$.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001436"}
astro-ph/0001437
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{"Title": "SAX J1810.8-2609: A New Hard X-ray Bursting Transient", "Authors": "L. Natalucci, A. Bazzano, M. Cocchi, P. Ubertini, J. Heise, E.\n Kuulkers, J.J.M. in 't Zand, M.J.S. Smith", "Abstract": " The transient X-ray source SAX J1810.8-2609 was discovered on 1998, March 10\nwith the Wide Field Cameras on board the BeppoSAX satellite, while observing\nthe Galactic Bulge in the 2-28 keV energy range. On March 11, a strong type-I\nX-ray burst was detected with evidence of photospheric radius expansion. A\nfollow-up target of opportunity observation with the Narrow-Field Instruments\n(NFI) was performed on March 11 and 12, for a total elapsed time of 8.51 x\n10^{4} s. The wide band spectral data (0.1-200 keV) obtained with the NFI show\na remarkable hard X-ray spectrum detected up to ~200 keV, which can be\ndescribed by a power law with photon spectral index Gamma=1.96\\pm0.04, plus a\nsoft component which is compatible with blackbody radiation of temperature\nkT~0.5 keV.\n The detection of the type-I X-ray burst is a strong indication that the\ncompact object is a neutron star in a low mass X-ray binary system. Assuming\nstandard burst parameters and attributing the photospheric radius expansion to\nnear Eddington luminosity, we estimate a distance of ~5 kpc. The inferred 2-10\nkeV X-ray luminosity is ~ 9 x 10^{35} erg/s at the time of the discovery.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001437"}
astro-ph/0001438
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{"Title": "Prompt Optical Observations of Gamma-ray Bursts", "Authors": "Carl Akerlof, Richard Balsano, Scott Barthelmy, Jeff Bloch, Paul\n Butterworth, Don Casperson, Tom Cline, Sandra Fletcher, Fillippo Frontera,\n Galen Gisler, John Heise, Jack Hills, Kevin Hurley, Robert Kehoe, Brian Lee,\n Stuart Marshall, Tim McKay, Andrew Pawl, Luigi Piro, John Szymanski and Jim\n Wren", "Abstract": " The Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) seeks to measure\nsimultaneous and early afterglow optical emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).\nA search for optical counterparts to six GRBs with localization errors of 1\nsquare degree or better produced no detections. The earliest limiting\nsensitivity is m(ROTSE) > 13.1 at 10.85 seconds (5 second exposure) after the\ngamma-ray rise, and the best limit is m(ROTSE) > 16.0 at 62 minutes (897 second\nexposure). These are the most stringent limits obtained for GRB optical\ncounterpart brightness in the first hour after the burst. Consideration of the\ngamma-ray fluence and peak flux for these bursts and for GRB990123 indicates\nthat there is not a strong positive correlation between optical flux and\ngamma-ray emission.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001438"}
astro-ph/0001439
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{"Title": "Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Bardeen-Petterson Effect", "Authors": "Richard P. Nelson & John C.B. Papaloizou", "Abstract": " We present SPH simulations of accretion discs in orbit about rotating compact\nobjects such as black holes and neutron stars, and study the structure of\nwarped discs produced by the Bardeen-Petterson effect. We calculate the\ntransition radius out to which the disc specific angular momentum vector is\naligned with that of the black hole. We focus on the parameter regime where the\nwarp dynamics are controlled by bending wave propagation, but also consider\nmodels in which warps are subject to diffusion rather than wave transport, and\nare able to consider the fully nonlinear regime. Because of hydrodynamic or\npressure effects, for the parameter range investigated, the transition radius\nis always found to be much smaller than that obtained by Bardeen & Petterson\n(1975). For discs with midplane Mach numbers of about 10, the transition occurs\nbetween 10 - 16 gravitational radii, whereas for a Mach number of about 30 it\noccurs at around 30 gravitational radii. A thicker disc with a Mach number of 5\nis found to produce no discernible warped structure. The rate of black hole -\ndisc alignment is found to be consistent with the ideas of Ress (1978), with\nthe alignment torque behaving as if it arises from the accreted material\ntransferring its misaligned component of angular momentum at the larger\ntransition radius of Bardeen & Petterson (1975). The inclusion of Einstein\nprecession in the calculations modified both the warped disc structure and,\nconsistent with linear analysis, produced an increased alignment rate by up to\na factor of 4 because of the effect that a non Keplerian potential has on the\npropagation of warps.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001439"}
astro-ph/0001440
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{"Title": "Estimating reaction rates and uncertainties for primordial\n nucleosynthesis", "Authors": "Kenneth M. Nollett and Scott Burles", "Abstract": " We present a Monte Carlo method for direct incorporation of nuclear inputs in\nprimordial nucleosynthesis calculations. This method is intended to remedy\nshortcomings of current error estimation, by eliminating intermediate data\nevaluations and working directly with experimental data, allowing error\nestimation based solely on published experimental uncertainties. This technique\nalso allows simple incorporation of new data and reduction of errors with the\nintroduction of more precise data. Application of our method indicates that\nprevious error estimates on the calculated abundances were too large by as much\nas a factor of three. Since uncertainties in the BBN calculation currently\ndominate inferences drawn from light-element abundances, the re-estimated\nerrors have important consequences for cosmic baryon density, neutrino physics,\nand lithium depletion in halo stars. Our direct method allows detailed\ndiscussion of the status of the nuclear inputs, by identifying clearly the\nplaces where improved cross section measurements would be most useful.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001440"}
astro-ph/0001441
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{"Title": "Geometrodynamics of Variable-Speed-of-Light Cosmologies", "Authors": "Bruce A. Bassett (University of Oxford, Portsmouth University),\n Stefano Liberati (SISSA, INFN; Trieste), Carmen Molina-Paris (Los Alamos),\n Matt Visser (Washington University in Saint Louis)", "Abstract": " This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dennis Sciama.\n Variable-Speed-of-Light (VSL) cosmologies are currently attracting interest\nas an alternative to inflation. We investigate the fundamental geometrodynamic\naspects of VSL cosmologies and provide several implementations which do not\nexplicitly break Lorentz invariance (no \"hard\" breaking). These \"soft\"\nimplementations of Lorentz symmetry breaking provide particularly clean answers\nto the question \"VSL with respect to what?\". The class of VSL cosmologies we\nconsider are compatible with both classical Einstein gravity and low-energy\nparticle physics. These models solve the \"kinematic\" puzzles of cosmology as\nwell as inflation does, but cannot by themselves solve the flatness problem,\nsince in their purest form no violation of the strong energy condition occurs.\nWe also consider a heterotic model (VSL plus inflation) which provides a number\nof observational implications for the low-redshift universe if chi contributes\nto the \"dark energy\" either as CDM or quintessence. These implications include\nmodified gravitational lensing, birefringence, variation of fundamental\nconstants and rotation of the plane of polarization of light from distant\nsources.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001441"}
astro-ph/0001442
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{"Title": "RR Lyrae - Theory vs Observation", "Authors": "Zoltan Kollath, J. Robert Buchler & Michael Feuchtinger", "Abstract": " The luminosities, effective temperatures and metallicities that are derived\nempirically by Kovacs and Jurcsik from the light curves of a large number of\nglobular cluster and field RRab and RRc stars are compared to theoretical RR\nLyrae models. The strong luminosity dependence of the empirical blue and red\nedges (Log L vs Log Teff diagram) is in disagreement with that of both\nradiative and convective models. A reexamination of the theoretical\nuncertainties in the modelling leads us to conclude that the disagreement is\nirreconcilable.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001442"}
astro-ph/0001443
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{"Title": "Scale Dependent Dimension of Luminous Matter in the Universe", "Authors": "Per Bak and Kan Chen", "Abstract": " We present a geometrical model of the distribution of luminous matter in the\nuniverse, derived from a very simple reaction-diffusion model of turbulent\nphenomena. The apparent dimension of luminous matter, $D(l)$, depends linearly\non the logarithm of the scale $l$ under which the universe is viewed: $D(l)\n\\sim 3\\log(l/l_0)/\\log(\\xi/l_0)$, where $\\xi$ is a correlation length.\nComparison with data from the SARS red-shift catalogue, and the LEDA database\nprovides a good fit with a correlation length $\\xi \\sim 300$ Mpc. The\ngeometrical interpretation is clear: At small distances, the universe is\nzero-dimensional and point-like. At distances of the order of 1 Mpc the\ndimension is unity, indicating a filamentary, string-like structure; when\nviewed at larger scales it gradually becomes 2-dimensional wall-like, and\nfinally, at and beyond the correlation length, it becomes uniform.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001443"}
astro-ph/0001444
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{"Title": "Possible solar cycle variations in the convection zone", "Authors": "Sarbani Basu and H. M. Antia", "Abstract": " Using data from the Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) that covers the\nperiod from 1995 to 1998 we study the change in frequencies of solar\noscillations with solar activity. From these frequencies we attempt to\ndetermine any possible variation in solar structure with solar activity. We do\nnot find any evidence of a change in the convection zone depth or extent of\novershoot below the convection zone during the solar cycle.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001444"}
astro-ph/0001445
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{"Title": "The FIR-Radio Correlation of Wolf-Rayet Galaxies and the Role of Star\n Formation in LINERs", "Authors": "L. Ji, Y. Chen, J. H. Huang, Q. S. Gu, S. J. Lei (Department of\n Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China)", "Abstract": " We find that a preliminary classification of LINERs' energetics may be made\nin terms of the FIR-radio correlation of Wolf-Rayet galaxies. The AGN- or\nstarburst-supported LINERs can be distinguished by their FIR-to-radio ratio,\n$Q\\equiv L(1.4{\\rm GHz})/$ $L(60\\mu{\\rm m})>$ or $<0.01$. It is interesting to\nnote that almost all the LINERs with inner rings might be starburst- supported,\nindicating reduced AGN activities compared with those of the AGN-supported\nones. We also find that a shock-heating phase for the warm dust component might\nbe important for some starbursts at the burst age of $\\ge 10^{7}$ yr, with\n$Q<0.001$.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001445"}
astro-ph/0001446
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{"Title": "Preheated Advection Dominated Accretion Flow", "Authors": "Myeong-Gu Park (1) and Jeremiah P. Ostriker (2) ((1) Kyungpook\n National University, Korea, (2) Princeton University)", "Abstract": " All high temperature accretion solutions including ADAF are physically thick,\nso outgoing radiation interacts with the incoming flow, sharing as much or more\nresemblance with classical spherical accretion flows as with disk flows. We\nexamine this interaction for the popular ADAF case. We find that without\nallowance for Compton preheating, a very restricted domain of ADAF solution is\npermitted and with Compton preheating included a new high temperature PADAF\nbranch appears in the solution space. In the absence of preheating, high\ntemperature flows do not exist when the mass accretion rate mdot == Mdot c^2 /\nL_E >~ 10^-1.5. Below this mass accretion rate, a roughly conical region around\nthe hole cannot sustain high temperature ions and electrons for all flows\nhaving mdot >~ 10^-4, which may lead to a funnel possibly filled with a tenuous\nhot outgoing wind. If the flow starts at large radii with the usual equilibrium\ntemperature ~10^4 K, the critical mass accretion rate is much lower, mdot\n\\~10^-3.7 above which level no self-consistent ADAF (without preheating) can\nexist. However, above this critical mass accretion rate, the flow can be\nself-consistently maintained at high temperature if Compton preheating is\nconsidered. These solutions constitute a new branch of solutions as in\nspherical accretion flows. High temperature PADAF flows can exist above the\ncritical mass accretion rate in addition to the usual cold thin disk solutions.\nWe also find solutions where the flow near the equatorial plane accretes\nnormally while the flow near the pole is overheated by Compton preheating,\npossibly becoming, a polar wind, solutions which we designate WADAF.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001446"}
astro-ph/0001447
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{"Title": "Growth of a Vortex Mode during Gravitational Collapse Resulting in Type\n II Supernova", "Authors": "Tomoyuki Hanawa and Tomoaki Matsumoto", "Abstract": " We investigate stability of a gravitationally collapsing iron core against\nnon-spherical perturbation. The gravitationally collapsing iron core is\napproximated by a similarity solution for dynamically collapsing polytropic gas\nsphere. We find that the similarity solution is unstable against non-spherical\nperturbations. The perturbation grows in proportion to $ (t - t_0) ^{-\\sigma} $\nwhile the the central density increases in proportion to $ (t - t_0) ^{-2} $.\nThe growth rate is $ \\sigma = 1/3 + \\ell (\\gamma - 4/3) $, where $ \\gamma $ and\n$ \\ell $ denote the polytropic index and the parameter $ \\ell $ of the\nspherical harmonics, $ Y_{\\ell} ^m (\\theta, \\phi) $, respectively. The growing\nperturbation is dominated by vortex motion. Thus it excites global convection\nduring the collapse and may contribute to material mixing in a type II\nsupernova.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001447"}
astro-ph/0001448
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{"Title": "Evaporation and Condensation Processes of Giant Molecular Clouds in a\n Hot Plasma", "Authors": "Wolfgang Vieser and Gerhard Hensler", "Abstract": " 2d hydrodynamical simulations are performed to examine the evaporation and\ncondensation processes of giant molecular clouds in the hot phase of the\ninterstellar medium. The evolution of cold and dense clouds is calculated in\nthe subsonic stream of a hot tenuous plasma. Our code includes self-gravity,\nheating and cooling processes and heat conduction by electrons. Significant\ndifferences occur between simulations with and without heat conduction.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001448"}
astro-ph/0001449
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{"Title": "Optical surface photometry of radio galaxies - II. Observations and data\n analysis", "Authors": "F. Govoni, R. Falomo, G. Fasano, R. Scarpa", "Abstract": " Optical imaging observations for 50 radio galaxies are presented. For each\nobject isophotal contours, photometric profiles, structural parameters\n(position angle, ellipticity, Fourier coefficients), and total magnitudes are\ngiven. These observations, obtained in the Cousins R band, complement the data\npresented in a previous paper and are part of a larger project aimed at\nstudying the optical properties of low redshift (z<0.12) radio galaxies (Govoni\net al. 1999). Comments for each individual source are reported.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001449"}
astro-ph/0001450
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{"Title": "Frequency resolved spectroscopy of Cyg X-1: fast variability of the\n reflected emission in the soft state", "Authors": "M. Gilfanov (1,2), E.Churazov (1,2) and M. Revnivtsev (2,1) ((1) MPA,\n Garching; (2)IKI, Moscow)", "Abstract": " Using the RXTE/PCA data we study the fast variability of the reflected\nemission in the soft spectral state of Cyg X-1 by means of Fourier frequency\nresolved spectroscopy. We find that the rms amplitude of variations of the\nreflected emission has the same frequency dependence as the primary radiation\ndown to time scales of <30-50 msec. This might indicate that the reflected flux\nreproduces, with nearly flat response, variations of the primary emission. Such\nbehavior differs notably from the hard spectral state, in which variations of\nthe reflected flux are significantly suppressed in comparison with the primary\nemission, on time scales shorter than ~0.5-1 sec. If related to the finite\nlight crossing time of the reflector, these results suggest that the\ncharacteristic size of the reflector -- presumably an optically thick accretion\ndisk, in the hard spectral state is larger by a factor of >5-10 than in the\nsoft spectral state. Modeling the transfer function of the disk, we estimate\nthe inner radius of the accretion disk R_in~100R_g in the hard and R_in<10R_g\nin the soft state for a 10M_sun black hole.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001450"}
astro-ph/0001451
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{"Title": "Superwind-Driven Intense H_2 Emission in NGC 6240", "Authors": "Youichi Ohyama, Michitoshi Yoshida, Tadafumi Takata, Masatoshi\n Imanishi, Tomonori Usuda, Yoshihiko Saito, Hiroko Taguchi, Noboru Ebizuka,\n Fumihide Iwamuro, Kentaro Motohara, Tomoyuki Taguchi, Takashi Hata, Toshinori\n Maihara, Masanori Iye, Toshiyuki Sasaki, George Kosugi, Ryusuke Ogasawara,\n Junichi Noumaru, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, Masafumi Yagi, Yoshihiro Chikada", "Abstract": " We have performed a long-slit K band spectroscopic observation of the\nluminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240. The peak position of the H_2 v=1-0 S(1)\nemission in the slit is located ~0.3\" - 0.4\" north of the southern nucleus. It\nis almost the midpoint between the southern nucleus and the peak position of\nthe ^12CO J=1-0 emission. Based on the line-ratio analyses, we suggest the\nexcitation mechanism of H_2 is pure thermal at most positions. In the southern\nregion we find the following three velocity components in the H_2 emission: the\nblueshifted shell component (~-250 km s^-1 with respect to V_sys) which is\nrecognized as a distinct C-shape distortion in the velocity field around the\nsouthern nucleus, the high-velocity blueshifted ``wing'' component (~-1000 km\ns^-1 with respect to V_sys), and the component indicating possible line\nsplitting of ~500 km s^-1. The latter two components are extended to the south\nfrom the southern nucleus. We show that the kinematic properties of these three\ncomponents can be reproduced by expanding motion of a shell-like structure\naround the southern nucleus. The offset peak position of the H_2 emission can\nbe understood if we assume that the shell expanding to the north interacts with\nthe extragalactic molecular gas. At the interface between the shell and the\nmolecular gas concentration the cloud-crushing mechanism proposed by Cowie et\nal. (1981) may work efficiently, and the intense H_2 emission is thus expected\nthere. All these findings lead us to propose a model that the most H_2 emission\nis attributed to the shock excitation driven by the superwind activity of the\nsouthern nucleus.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001451"}
astro-ph/0001452
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{"Title": "Dusty Tori of Seyfert Nuclei", "Authors": "Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Takashi Murayama, Hideaki Mouri", "Abstract": " Dusty tori around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) play an important role in the\nclassification of Seyfert galaxies. Therefore, physical properties of dusty\ntori are of great interest. We briefly introduce three statistical studies\ninvestigating properties of dusty tori; 1) physical sizes of dusty tori based\non water-vapor maser emission, 2) ionization condition of the inner wall of\ntori based on high-ionization emission lines, and 3) viewing angle toward dusty\ntori based on mid-infrared color.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001452"}
astro-ph/0001453
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{"Title": "On continued gravitational collapse", "Authors": "A.Loinger (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Milano, Italy)", "Abstract": " According to a widespread idee fixe, the spherically-symmetric collapse of a\nsufficiently massive celestial body of spherical shape should generate a black\nhole. I prove that this process generates simply an ordinary point mass. My\nargument is model-independent.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001453"}
astro-ph/0001454
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{"Title": "Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy with Extremely Large Telescopes:\n Integral-Field- versus Multi-Object-Instruments", "Authors": "F. Eisenhauer, M. Tecza, N. Thatte, S. Mengel, R. Hofmann and R.\n Genzel", "Abstract": " Integral-field-spectroscopy and multi-object-spectroscopy provide the high\nmultiplex gain required for efficient use of the upcoming generation of\nextremely large telescopes. We present instrument developments and designs for\nboth concepts, and how these designs can be applied to cryogenic near-infrared\ninstrumentation. Specifically, the fiber-based concept stands out the\npossibility to expand it to any number of image points, and its modularity\npredestines it to become the new concept for multi-field-spectroscopy. Which of\nthe three concepts --- integral-field-, multi-object-, or\nmulti-field-spectroscopy --- is best suited for the largest telescopes is\ndiscussed considering the size of the objects and their density on the sky.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001454"}
astro-ph/0001455
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{"Title": "Low Frequency Insights Into Supernova Remnants", "Authors": "Kristy K. Dyer, Stephen P. Reynolds, Kazik J. Borkowski", "Abstract": " Low frequency observations at 330 and 74 MHz can provide new insights into\nsupernova remnants (SNR). We can test theoretical predictions for spectral\nindex variations. Nonlinear models of shock acceleration predict that the\nspectra from young SNR should be slightly concave rather than power laws --\nflattening toward higher energies. However, few SNR are bright and compact\nenough to be studied at millimeter wavelengths, restricting studies to the\nsmall range from 6 to 20 cm (a factor of 1.7 in electron energies).\nObservations at 330 MHz increase the electron energy baseline to a factor of 4,\nwhile providing sensitivity to larger spatial scales that are resolved out by\ncentimeter-wavelength interferometers. Such observations can also separate\nthermal from nonthermal emission and detect excess free-free absorption\nassociated with cool gas in remnants. Wide field images also provide an\nefficient census of both thermal and nonthermal sources over a large region.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001455"}
astro-ph/0001456
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{"Title": "A Search for Sub-millisecond Pulsations in Unidentified FIRST and NVSS\n Radio Sources", "Authors": "Fronefield Crawford (MIT), Victoria M. Kaspi (MIT), Jon F. Bell (ATNF)", "Abstract": " We have searched 92 unidentified sources from the FIRST and NVSS 1400 MHz\nradio survey catalogs for radio pulsations at 610 MHz. The selected radio\nsources are bright, have no identification with extragalactic objects, are\npoint-like and are more than 5% linearly polarized. Our search was sensitive to\nsub-millisecond pulsations from pulsars with dispersion measures (DMs) less\nthan 500 pc cm-3 in the absence of scattering. We have detected no pulsations\nfrom these sources and consider possible effects which might prevent detection.\nWe conclude that as a population, these sources are unlikely to be pulsars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001456"}
astro-ph/0001457
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{"Title": "The present rate of Supernovae", "Authors": "Massimo Turatto (Osservatorio di Padova)", "Abstract": " We present and discuss the most recent determination of the rate of\nSupernovae in the local Universe. A comparison with other results shows a\ngeneral agreement on the gross values but still significant differences on the\nvalues of the rates of various SN rates in different kinds of galaxies. The\nrate of SNe, used as a probe of Star Formation, confirms the young progenitor\nscenario for SNII+Ib/c. The increasing diversity of SNe reflects also in the SN\nyields which may affect the chemical evolution of the Galaxy but, because of\nthe limited statistics, we cannot estimate the contributions of the new\nsubtypes yet. It is also expected that in a few years observational\ndeterminations of the SN rates at various look-back times will be available.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001457"}
astro-ph/0001458
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{"Title": "The X-ray spectrum of a disk illuminated by ions", "Authors": "H.C. Spruit and F. Haardt", "Abstract": " The X-ray spectrum from a cool disk embedded in an ion supported torus is\ncomputed. The interaction of the hot ions with the disk increases the hard\nX-ray luminosity of the system}. A surface layer of the disk is heated by the\nprotons from the torus. The Comptonized spectrum produced by this layer has a\nshape that depends only weakly on the incident energy flux and the distance\nfrom the accreting compact object. It consists of a `blue bump' of\nunComptonized soft photons and a flat high energy tail, reminiscent of the\nobserved spectra. The hard tail becomes flatter as the thermalization depth in\nthe cool disk is increased. Further evidence for ion illumination are the Li\nabundance in the secondaries of low mass X-ray binaries and the 450 keV lines\nsometimes seen in black-hole transient spectra.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001458"}
astro-ph/0001459
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{"Title": "High-resolution radio observations of Seyfert galaxies in the extended\n 12-micron sample - I. The observations", "Authors": "Andy Thean (1,2), Alan Pedlar (2), Marek J. Kukula (3), Stefi A. Baum\n (4) and Christopher P. O'Dea (4) ((1) Istituto di Radioastronomia, Bologna,\n (2) Jodrell Bank, Cheshire, (3) Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, (4) Space\n Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore)", "Abstract": " We present 8.4 GHz VLA A-configuration observations of 87 sources from the\nmid-infrared-selected AGN sample of Rush et al (1993). These 0.25 arcsec\nresolution observations allow elongated radio structures tens of parsecs in\nsize to be resolved and enable radio components smaller than 3.5 arcsec to be\nisolated from diffuse galactic disc emission. When combined with previous data,\nmatched radio observations covering ninety percent of the sample have been\ncollected and these represent the largest sub-arcsecond-resolution radio\nimaging survey of a homogeneously-selected sample of Seyfert galaxies to date.\nWe use our observations to identify 5 radio-loud AGN in the sample. The nature\nof the radio emission from Seyfert nuclei will be discussed in subsequent\npapers.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001459"}
astro-ph/0001460
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{"Title": "Transient X--Ray Sources Observed with the Rxte All-Sky Monitor after\n 3.5 Years", "Authors": "Hale Bradt, Alan M. Levine, Ronald A. Remillard, Donald A. Smith (MIT)", "Abstract": " We present light curves of a sample of \"transient\" sources observed with the\nAll-Sky Monitor (ASM) of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The light\ncurves extend over 3.5 years. They are presented in three groups: six\nneutron-star systems, eight black-hole-candidate systems, and an additional\ndiverse set of six objects that are either transient sources (in the sense of\nusually being undetectable) or persistent sources showing transient behavior.\nThe outburst profiles of these sources show reproducible characteristics within\none source and from source to source, as well as large variations. These\nprofiles together with the profiles of the hardness ratios from the ASM are a\nvaluable resource for the understanding of accretion instabilities. We\nsummarize briefly some recent work by observers on these somewhat arbitrarily\nselected sources.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001460"}
astro-ph/0001461
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{"Title": "The Mid-Infrared Spectra of Normal Galaxies", "Authors": "G. Helou, N. Y. Lu (1), M. W. Werner (2), S. Malhotra and N.\n Silbermann (1) ((1) IPAC/Caltech, (2) JPL)", "Abstract": " The mid-infrared spectra (2.5 to 5 and 5.7 to 11.6 mu) obtained by ISO-PHOT\nreveal the interstellar medium emission from galaxies powered by star formation\nto be strongly dominated by the aromatic features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6 and 11.3 mu.\nAdditional emission appears in-between the features, and an underlying\ncontinuum is clearly evident at 3-5 mu. This continuum would contribute about a\nthird of the luminosity in the 3 to 13 mu range. The features together carry 5\nto 30% of the 40-to-120 mu `FIR' luminosity. The relative fluxes in individual\nfeatures depend very weakly on galaxy parameters such as the far-infrared\ncolors, direct evidence that the emitting particles are not in thermal\nequilibrium. The dip at 10 mu is unlikely to result from silicate absorption,\nsince its shape is invariant among galaxies. The continuum component has a f_nu\n\\~ nu^{0.65} shape between 3 and 5 mu and carries 1 to 4% of the FIR\nluminosity; its extrapolation to longer wavelengths falls well below the\nspectrum in the 6 to 12 mu range. This continuum component is almost certainly\nof non-stellar origin, and is probably due to fluctuating grains without\naromatic features. The spectra reported here typify the integrated emission\nfrom the interstellar medium of the majority of star-forming galaxies, and\ncould thus be used to obtain redshifts of highly extincted galaxies up to z=3\nwith SIRTF.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001461"}
astro-ph/0001462
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{"Title": "Competitive Accretion in Clusters and the IMF", "Authors": "Ian A. Bonnell", "Abstract": " Observations have revealed that most stars are born in clusters. As these\nclusters typically contain more mass in gas than in stars, accretion can play\nan important role in determining the final stellar masses. Numerical\nsimulations of gas accretion in stellar clusters have found that the stars\ncompete for the available reservoir of gas. The accretion rates are highly\nnonuniform and are determined primarily by each star's position in the cluster.\nStars in the centre accrete more gas, resulting in initial mass segregation.\nThis competitive accretion naturally results in a mass spectrum and is\npotentially the dominant mechanism for producing the initial mass function.\nFurthermore, accretion on to the core of a cluster forces it to shrink, which\nmay result in formation of massive stars through collisions.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001462"}
astro-ph/0001463
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{"Title": "Gravitational waves emitted by extrasolar planetary systems", "Authors": "Valeria Ferrari, Marco D'Andrea, Emanuele Berti", "Abstract": " In this paper we consider the Extra-solar Planetary Systems recently\ndiscovered in our Galaxy as potential sources of gravitational waves. We\nestimate the frequency and characteristic amplitude of the radiation they emit\ndue to the orbital motion, using the quadrupole formalism. In addition, we\ncheck whether the conditions needed for the resonant excitation of the f- and\ng-modes of the central star can be fulfilled. By a Roche-lobe analysis, we show\nthat there could exist systems in which the low-order g-modes could be excited,\nalthough this does not happen in the systems discovered up to now.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001463"}
astro-ph/0001464
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{"Title": "The Role of Electron Captures in Chandrasekhar Mass Models for Type Ia\n Supernovae", "Authors": "Franziska Brachwitz, David J. Dean, W. Raphael Hix, Koichi Iwamoto,\n Karlheinz Langanke, Gabriel Martinez-Pinedo, Ken'ichi Nomoto, Michael R.\n Strayer, Friedrich-K. Thielemann, Hideyuki Umeda", "Abstract": " The Chandrasekhar mass model for Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) has received\nincreasing support from recent comparisons of observations with light curve\npredictions and modeling of synthetic spectra. It explains SN Ia events via\nthermonuclear explosions of accreting white dwarfs in binary stellar systems,\nbeing caused by central carbon ignition when the white dwarf approaches the\nChandrasekhar mass. As the electron gas in white dwarfs is degenerate,\ncharacterized by high Fermi energies for the high density regions in the\ncenter, electron capture on intermediate mass and Fe-group nuclei plays an\nimportant role in explosive burning. Electron capture affects the central\nelectron fraction Y_e, which determines the composition of the ejecta from such\nexplosions. Up to the present, astrophysical tabulations based on shell model\nmatrix elements were only available for light nuclei in the sd-shell. Recently\nnew Shell Model Monte Carlo (SMMC) and large-scale shell model diagonalization\ncalculations have also been performed for pf-shell nuclei. These lead in\ngeneral to a reduction of electron capture rates in comparison with previous,\nmore phenomenological, approaches. Making use of these new shell model based\nrates, we present the first results for the composition of Fe-group nuclei\nproduced in the central regions of SNe Ia and possible changes in the\nconstraints on model parameters like ignition densities and burning front\nspeeds.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001464"}
astro-ph/0001465
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{"Title": "Optical/Multiwavelength Observations of GRB Afterglows", "Authors": "Titus J. Galama (CalTech)", "Abstract": " I review gamma-ray burst optical/multiwavelength afterglow observations since\n1997, when the first counterparts to GRBs were discovered. I discuss what we\nhave learned from multiwavelength observations of GRB afterglows in relation to\nthe `standard' fireball plus relativistic blast-wave models. To first order the\n`standard' model describes the afterglow observations well, but a wealth of\ninformation can be gathered from the deviations of GRB afterglow observations\nfrom this `standard' model. These deviations provide information on the nature\nof the progenitor and on the physics of GRB production. In particular I focus\non the possible connection of GRBs to supernovae, on jet and circumstellar wind\nmodels, on the early-time afterglow, and on the emission from the reverse\nshock.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001465"}
astro-ph/0001466
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{"Title": "LiBeB Evolution: Three Models", "Authors": "R. Ramaty, R. E. Lingenfelter, B. Kozlovsky", "Abstract": " We consider the three principal LiBeB evolutionary models, CRI in which the\ncosmic-ray source at all epochs of Galactic evolution is the average ISM,\nCRI+LECR in which metal enriched low energy cosmic rays (LECRs) are\nsuperimposed onto the CRI cosmic rays, and CRS in which the cosmic-ray source,\naccelerated in superbubbles, is constant, independent of the ISM metallicity.\nBy considering the evolutionary trend of log(Be/H) vs. both [Fe/H] and [O/H],\nwe demonstrate that the CRI model is energetically untenable. We present\nevolutionary trends for B-11/B-10 and B/Be which, combined with future\nprecision measurements, could distinguish between the CRS and CRI+LECR models.\nWe show that delayed LiBeB synthesis in the CRS model, due to the transport of\nthe cosmic rays, could explain why log(Be/H) is steeper vs. [O/H] than vs.\n[Fe/H]. We also show that delayed deposition of Fe into star forming regions,\ndue to its incorporation into high velocity dust, could provide an explanation\nfor the possible rise of [O/Fe] with decreasing [Fe/H]. Observations of\nrefractory and volatile alpha-elements could test this scenario. There seems to\nbe a need for pregalactic or extragalactic Li-6 sources.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001466"}
astro-ph/0001467
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{"Title": "Quark phases in neutron stars and a \"third family\" of compact stars as a\n signature for phase transitions", "Authors": "K. Schertler, C. Greiner, J. Schaffner-Bielich, and M.H. Thoma", "Abstract": " The appearance of quark phases in the dense interior of neutron stars\nprovides one possibility to soften the equation of state (EOS) of neutron star\nmatter at high densities. This softening leads to more compact equilibrium\nconfigurations of neutron stars compared to pure hadronic stars of the same\nmass. We investigate the question to which amount the compactness of a neutron\nstar can be attributed to the presence of a quark phase. For this purpose we\nemploy several hadronic EOS in the framework of the relativistic mean-field\n(RMF) model and an extended MIT bag model to describe the quark phase. We find\nthat - almost independent of the model parameters - the radius of a pure\nhadronic neutron star gets typically reduced by 20-30% if a pure quark phase in\nthe center of the star does exist. For some EOS we furthermore find the\npossibility of a \"third family\" of compact stars which may exist besides the\ntwo known families of white dwarfs and neutron stars. We show how an\nexperimental proof of the existence of a third family by mass and radius\nmeasurements may provide a unique signature for a phase transition inside\nneutron stars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001467"}
astro-ph/0001468
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{"Title": "The spatial and age distribution of stellar populations in DDO 190", "Authors": "A. Aparicio (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias) & N. Tikhonov\n (Special Astrophysical Observatory)", "Abstract": " The spatial distribution of stellar populations, the star formation history,\nand other properties of the dIrr galaxy DDO 190 have been analyzed using\ncolor--magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of about 3900 resolved stars and the Ha fluxes\nof HII regions. From the mean color index of the red giant branch, a mean\nmetallicity [Fe/H]=-2.0 is obtained. The I magnitude of the TRGB has been used\nto estimate the distance. DDO 190 is 2.9+/-0.2 Mpc from the Milky Way, 2.1 Mpc\nfrom the M 94 group (CnV-I), 2.4 Mpc from the M 81 group and 2.9 Mpc from the\nbarycenter of the Local Group, all indicating that it is an isolated, field\ngalaxy. The surface-brightness distribution of the galaxy is well fitted by\nellipses of ellipticity e=1-a/b=0.1 and P.A.=82deg. The radial star density\ndistribution follows an exponential law of scale length a=43.\"4, corresponding\nto 611 pc. The Holmberg semi-major axis to mu_B=26.5 is estimated to be\nr^B_(26.5)=3.'0. Stellar populations of different ages in DDO 190 show strong\nspatial decoupling, the oldest population appearing much more extended than the\nyoungest. Stars younger than 0.1 Gyr occupy only the central 40'' (0.55 kpc);\nstars younger than a few (~4) Gyr extend out to ~80'' (125 kpc), and for larger\ngalactocentric distances only older stars seem to be present. This behavior is\nfound in all the dIrr galaxies for which spatially extended studies have been\nperformed and could be related with the kinematical history of the galaxy.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001468"}
astro-ph/0001469
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{"Title": "Gravitational Lensing Effects on High Redshift Type II Supernova Studies\n with NGST", "Authors": "Simone Marri, Andrea Ferrara and Lucia Pozzetti", "Abstract": " We derive the expected Type II SN differential number counts, N(m), and\nHubble diagram for SCDM and LCDM cosmological models, taking into account the\neffects of gravitational lensing (GL) produced by the intervening cosmological\nmass. The mass distribution of dark matter halos (ie the lenses) is obtained by\nmeans of a Monte Carlo method applied to the Press-Schechter mass function. The\nhalos are assumed to have a NFW density profile, in agreement with recent\nsimulations of hierarchical cosmological models. Up to z=15, the (SCDM, LCDM)\nmodels predict a total number of (857, 3656) SNII/yr in 100 surveyed 4' times\n4' fields of the Next Generation Space Telescope. NGST will be able to reach\nthe peak of the N(m) curve, located at AB approx 30(31) for SCDM(LCDM) in J and\nK wavelength bands and detect (75%, 51%) of the above SN events. This will\nallow a detailed study of the early cosmic star formation history, as traced by\nSNIIe. N(m) is only very mildly affected by the inclusion of lensing effects.\nIn addition, GL introduces a moderate uncertainty in the determination of\ncosmological parameters from Hubble diagrams, when these are pushed to higher\n$z$. For example, for a ``true'' LCDM with (Omega_M= 0.4, Omega_Lambda=0.6),\nwithout proper account of GL, one would instead derive\n(Omega_{M}=0.36^{+0.15}_{-0.12}, Omega_{Lambda}=0.60^{+0.12}_{-0.24}). We\nbriefly compare our results with previous similar work and discuss the\nlimitations of the model.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001469"}
astro-ph/0001470
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{"Title": "Harmonizing the RR Lyrae and Clump Distance Scales - Stretching the\n Short Distance Scale to Intermediate Ranges?", "Authors": "Piotr Popowski (IGPP/LLNL)", "Abstract": " I explore the consequences of making the RR Lyrae and clump giant distance\nscales consistent in the solar neighborhood, Galactic bulge and Large\nMagellanic Cloud (LMC). I employ two major assumptions: 1) that the absolute\nmagnitude - metallicity, M_V(RR) - [Fe/H], relation for RR Lyrae stars is\nuniversal, and 2) that absolute I-magnitudes of clump giants, M_I(RC), in\nBaade's Window are known (e.g., can be inferred from the local Hipparcos-based\ncalibration or theoretical modeling). A comparison between the solar\nneighborhood and Baade's Window sets M_V(RR) at [Fe/H] = -1.6 in the range\n(0.59 +/- 0.05, 0.70 +/- 0.05), somewhat brighter than the statistical parallax\nsolution. More luminous RR Lyrae stars imply younger ages of globular cluster,\nwhich would be in better agreement with the conclusions from the currently\nfavored stellar evolution and cosmological models. A comparison between Baade's\nWindow and the LMC sets the M_I^{LMC}(RC) in the range (-0.33 +/- 0.09, -0.53\n+/- 0.09). The distance modulus to the LMC, mu^{LMC}, is between 18.24 +/- 0.08\nand 18.44 +/- 0.07. Unlike M_I^{LMC}(RC), this range in mu^{LMC} does NOT\ndepend on the adopted value of the dereddened LMC clump magnitude,\nI_0^{LMC}(RC). I argue that the currently available information is insufficient\nto select the correct distance scale with high confidence.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001470"}
astro-ph/0001471
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{"Title": "The Effect of a Non-Thermal Tail on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in\n clusters of galaxies", "Authors": "P. Blasi (Fermilab), A.V. Olinto (U. Chicago), A. Stebbins (Fermilab)", "Abstract": " We study the spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background\nradiation induced by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in clusters of galaxies\nwhen the target electrons have a modified Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with a\nhigh-energy non-thermal tail. Bremsstrahlung radiation from this type of \\\\\nelectron distribution may explain the supra-thermal X-ray emission observed in\nsome clusters such as the Coma cluster and A2199 and serve as an alternative to\nthe classical but problematic inverse Compton scattering interpretation. We\nshow that the SZ effect can be used as a powerful tool to probe the electron\ndistribution in clusters of galaxies and discriminate among these different\ninterpretations of the X-ray excess. The existence of a non-thermal tail can\nhave important consequences for cluster based estimators of cosmological\nparameters.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001471"}
astro-ph/0001472
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{"Title": "Faint Infrared Flares from the Microquasar GRS 1915+105", "Authors": "S. Eikenberry (Cornell), K. Matthews (Caltech), M. Muno (MIT), P.\n Blanco (UCSD), E. Morgan (MIT), R. Remillard (MIT)", "Abstract": " We present simultaneous infrared and X-ray observations of the Galactic\nmicroquasar GRS 1915+105 using the Palomar 5-m telescope and Rossi X-ray Timing\nExplorer on July 10, 1998 UT. Over the course of 5 hours, we observed 6 faint\ninfrared (IR) flares with peak amplitudes of $\\sim 0.3-0.6 $ mJy and durations\nof $\\sim 500-600 $ seconds. These flares are associated with X-ray\nsoft-dip/soft-flare cycles, as opposed to the brighter IR flares associated\nwith X-ray hard-dip/soft-flare cycles seen in August 1997 by Eikenberry et al.\n(1998). Interestingly, the IR flares begin {\\it before} the X-ray oscillations,\nimplying an ``outside-in'' origin of the IR/X-ray cycle. We also show that the\nquasi-steady IR excess in August 1997 is due to the pile-up of similar faint\nflares. We discuss the implications of this flaring behavior for understanding\njet formation in microquasars.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001472"}
astro-ph/0001473
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{"Title": "Radio-optical identification of very-steep spectrum radio sources from\n the UTR-2 catalogue", "Authors": "H.Andernach (1), O.V.Verkhodanov (2), N.V.Verkhodanova (2), ((1)\n Depto. de Astronomia, Univ. Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; (2) Special\n astrophysical observatory, Russia)", "Abstract": " We used radio source catalogues accessible from the CATS database\n(http://cats.sao.ru) to establish radio continuum spectra for decametric radio\nsources in the UTR-2 catalogue (Braude et al., 1978--1994). From these, we\nselect a sample of 23 sources with ultra steep radio spectra (\\alpha<=-1.2, S ~\n\\nu^{\\alpha}) and present accurate positions and sizes from FIRST and NVSS. The\nsearch for optical counterparts from the APM (object) and DSS (image)\ndatabases, as well as infrared and X-ray identifications of these UTR sources\nare in progress.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001473"}
astro-ph/0001474
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{"Title": "LiBeB Production and Associated Astrophysical Sites", "Authors": "Elisabeth Vangioni-Flam and Michel Casse", "Abstract": " The various modes of spallative LiBeB production are summarized, and\nclassified according to their dependence or independence on the abundance of\nmedium heavy elements (CNO) illustrated by that of oxygen in the interstellar\nmedium.\n The predictions of the models are confronted to the available observational\ncorrelations (Be, B vs O). Clearly, a primary mechanism should lead to a slope\none in the lg(Be/H) vs [O/H] plot and a secondary mechanism to a slope two. Due\nto the ambiguity of the O data, another criterion, based on energetics, can\nhelp us to select an adequate model. A purely secondary origin in the very\nearly Galaxy is much more energy demanding than a primary one. Indeed,\nmagnesium seems to be a possible surrogate of oxygen and iron since i) it is\nspectroscopically more easy to cope with and ii) its nucleosynthetic yield is\nindependent of the mass cut and does not depend on metallicity.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001474"}
astro-ph/0001475
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{"Title": "Investigations of the Local Supercluster Velocity Field III. Tracing the\n backside infall with distance moduli from the direct Tully-Fisher relation", "Authors": "T. Ekholm, P. Lanoix, P. Teerikorpi, P. Fouque and G. Paturel", "Abstract": " We have extended the discussion of Paper II (Ekholm et al. 1999) to cover\nalso the backside of the Local Supercluster (LSC) by using 96 galaxies within\nTheta<30 deg from the adopted centre of LSC and with distance moduli from the\ndirect B-band Tully-Fisher relation. In order to minimize the influence of the\nMalmquist bias we required log V_max>2.1 and sigma_{B_T}<0.2 mag.\n We found out that if R_Virgo<20 Mpc this sample fails to follow the expected\ndynamical pattern from the Tolman-Bondi (TB) model. When we compared our\nresults with the Virgo core galaxies given by Federspiel et al. (1998) we were\nable to constrain the distance to Virgo: R_Virgo=20-24 Mpc.\n When analyzing the TB-behaviour of the sample as seen from the origin of the\nmetric as well as that with distances from the extragalactic Cepheid\nPL-relation we found additional support to the estimate R_Virgo=21 Mpc given in\nPaper II. Using a two-component mass-model we found a Virgo mass estimate\nM_Virgo= (1.5-2)M_virial, where M_virial=9.375.10^14M_sun for R_Virgo=21 Mpc.\nThis estimate agrees with the conclusion in Paper I (Teerikorpi et al. 1992).\n Our results indicate that the density distribution of luminous matter is\nshallower than that of the total gravitating matter when q_0<=0.5. The\npreferred exponent in the density power law, alpha\\approx2.5, agrees with\nrecent theoretical work on the universal density profile of dark matter\nclustering in an Einstein-deSitter universe (Tittley & Couchman 1999).\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001475"}
astro-ph/0001476
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{"Title": "Young Stellar Populations Around SN1987A", "Authors": "Nino Panagia, Martino Romaniello, Salvatore Scuderi and Robert P.\n Kirshner", "Abstract": " We present the results of a study of the stellar population in a region of 30\npc radius around SN1987A, based on an analysis of multi-band HST-WFPC2 images.\n The effective temperature, radius and, possibly, reddening of each star were\ndetermined for 21,955 stars by fitting the measured broad band magnitudes to\nthe ones calculated with model atmospheres. In addition, we have identified all\nstars with Halpha equivalent widths in excess of 8 A, amounting to a total of\n492 stars.\n An inspection to the HR diagram reveals the presence of several generations\nof young stars, with ages between 1 and 150 Myrs, superposed on a much older\nfield population (0.6-6 Gyrs). A substantial fraction of young stars have ages\naround 12 Myrs which is the stellar generation coeval to SN 1987A progenitor.\nThe youngest stars in the field appear to be strong-line T Tauri stars. This\nconstitute the first positive detection of low mass (about 1-2 Mo) Pre Main\nSequence (PMS) stars outside the Milky Way. Their positions in the HR diagram\nappear to require that star formation in the LMC occurs with accretion rates\nabout 10 times higher than in the Milky Way, i.e. ~10^{-4} Mo/yr.\n SN1987A appears to belong to a loose, young cluster 12+/-2 Myrs old, in which\nthe slope of the present mass function is almost identical to Salpeter's for\nmasses above 3 Mo, but becomes much flatter for lower masses. On a large scale,\nwe find that the spatial distribution of massive stars and low-mass PMS stars\nare conclusively different. This results casts doubts on the validity of an IMF\nconcept on a small scale (say, less than 10 pc). A preliminary analysis, done\nfor the whole field as a single entity, shows that the IMF slope for the young\npopulation present over the entire region is steeper than Gamma ~ -1.7.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001476"}
astro-ph/0001477
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{"Title": "The Elliptical Galaxy formerly known as the Local Group: Merging the\n Globular Cluster Systems", "Authors": "Duncan A. Forbes, Karen L. Masters (University of Birmingham), Dante\n Minniti (P. Universidad Catolica) and Pauline Barmby (Harvard)", "Abstract": " Prompted by a new catalogue of M31 globular clusters, we have collected\ntogether individual metallicity values for globular clusters in the Local\nGroup. Although we briefly describe the globular cluster systems of the\nindividual Local Group galaxies, the main thrust of our paper is to examine the\ncollective properties. In this way we are simulating the dissipationless merger\nof the Local Group, into presumably an elliptical galaxy. Such a merger is\ndominated by the Milky Way and M31, which appear to be fairly typical examples\nof globular cluster systems of spiral galaxies.\n The Local Group `Elliptical' has about 700 +/- 125 globular clusters, with a\nluminosity function resembling the `universal' one. The metallicity\ndistribution has peaks at [Fe/H] ~ -1.55 and -0.64 with a metal-poor to\nmetal-rich ratio of 2.5:1. The specific frequency of the Local Group Elliptical\nis initially about 1 but rises to about 3, when the young stellar populations\nfade and the galaxy resembles an old elliptical. The metallicity distribution\nand stellar population corrected specific frequency are similar to that of some\nknown early type galaxies. Based on our results, we briefly speculate on the\norigin of globular cluster systems in galaxies.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001477"}
astro-ph/0001478
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{"Title": "Conversion of neutron stars to strange stars as the central engine of\n gamma-ray bursts", "Authors": "Ignazio Bombaci and Bhaskar Datta", "Abstract": " We study the conversion of a neutron star to a strange star as a possible\nenergy source for gamma-ray bursts. We use different recent models for the\nequation of state of neutron star matter and strange quark matter. We show that\nthe total amount of energy liberated in the conversion is in the range of (1-4)\n10^{53} ergs (one order of magnitude larger than previous estimates) and is in\nagreement with the energy required to power gamma-ray burst sources at\ncosmological distances.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001478"}
astro-ph/0001479
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{"Title": "On the absence of winds in ADAFs", "Authors": "Marek A. Abramowicz, Jean-Pierre Lasota, Igor V. Igumenshchev", "Abstract": " We show that recently published assertions that advection dominated accretion\nflows (ADAFs) require the presence of strong winds are unfounded because they\nassume that low radiative efficiency in flows accreting at low rates onto black\nholes implies vanishing radial energy and angular momentum fluxes through the\nflow (which is also formulated in terms of the `Bernoulli function' being\npositive). This, however, is a property only of self-similar solutions which\nare an inadequate representation of global accretion flows. We recall general\nproperties of accretion flows onto black holes and show that such, necessarily\ntransonic, flows may have either positive or negative Bernoulli function\ndepending on the flow viscosity. Flows with low viscosities (alpha<0.1 in the\nalpha-viscosity model) have a negative Bernoulli function. Without exception,\nall 2-D and 1-D numerical models of low viscosity flows constructed to date\nexperience no significant outflows. At high viscosities the presence of\noutflows depends on the assumed viscosity, the equation of state and on the\nouter boundary condition. The positive sign of the Bernoulli function invoked\nin this context is irrelevant to the presence of outflows. As an illustration,\nwe recall 2-D numerical models with moderate viscosity that have positive\nvalues of the Bernoulli function and experience no outflows. ADAFs, therefore,\ndo not differ from this point of view from thin Keplerian discs: they may have,\nbut they do not have to have strong winds.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001479"}
astro-ph/0001480
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{"Title": "Relations Between Timing Features and Colors in the X-Ray Binary 4U\n 0614+09", "Authors": "Steve van Straaten, Eric C. Ford, Michiel van der Klis, Mariano Mendez\n (U Amsterdam), and Philip Kaaret (CfA)", "Abstract": " We study the correlations between timing and X-ray spectral properties in the\nlow mass X-ray binary 4U 0614+09 using a large (265-ks) data set obtained with\nthe Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We find strong quasi-periodic oscillations\n(QPOs) of the X-ray flux, like the kilohertz QPOs in many other X-ray binaries\nwith accreting neutron stars, with frequencies ranging from 1329 Hz down to 418\nHz and, perhaps, as low as 153 Hz. We report the highest frequency QPO yet from\nany low mass X-ray binary at 1329+-4 Hz, which has implications for neutron\nstar structure. This QPO has a 3.5-sigma single-trial significance, for an\nestimated 40 trials the significance is 2.4-sigma. Besides the kilohertz QPOs,\nthe Fourier power spectra show four additional components: high frequency noise\n(HFN), described by a broken power-law with a break frequency between 0.7 and\n45 Hz, very low frequency noise (VLFN), which is fitted as a power-law below 1\nHz, and two broad Lorentzians with centroid frequencies varying from 6 to 38 Hz\nand 97 to 158 Hz, respectively. We find strong correlations between the\nfrequencies of the kilohertz QPOs, the frequency of the 6 to 38 Hz broad\nLorentzian, the break frequency of the HFN, the strength of both the HFN and\nthe VLFN and the position of the source in the hard X-ray color vs. intensity\ndiagram. The frequency of the 97 to 158 Hz Lorentzian does not correlate with\nthese parameters. We also find that the relation between power density and\nbreak frequency of the HFN is similar to that established for black hole\ncandidates in the low state. We suggest that the changing mass accretion rate\nis responsible for the correlated changes in all these parameters.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001480"}
astro-ph/0001481
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{"Title": "Chi-Variable-Speed-of-Light Cosmologies", "Authors": "Stefano Liberati (SISSA, INFN; Trieste), Bruce A. Bassett (University\n of Oxford, Portsmouth University), Carmen Molina-Paris (Los Alamos), Matt\n Visser (Washington University in Saint Louis)", "Abstract": " Variable-Speed-of-Light (VSL) cosmologies are currently attracting much\ninterest as a possible alternative to cosmological inflation. We discuss the\nfundamental geometrodynamic aspects of VSL cosmologies, and provide several\nalternative implementations. These implementations provide a large class of VSL\ncosmologies that pass the zeroth-order consistency tests of being compatible\nwith both classical Einstein gravity and low-energy particle physics. While\nthey solve the ``kinematic'' puzzles as well as inflation does, VSL cosmologies\ntypically do not solve the flatness problem since in their purest form no\nviolation of the strong energy condition occurs. Nevertheless, these models are\neasy to unify with inflation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001481"}
astro-ph/0001482
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{"Title": "Do statistically significant correlations exist between the Homestake\n solar neutrino data and sunspots?", "Authors": "J. Boger (Brookhaven National Laboratory), R. L. Hahn (Brookhaven\n National Laboratory), J. B. Cumming (Brookhaven National Laboratory)", "Abstract": " It has been suggested by various authors that a significant anticorrelation\nexists between the Homestake solar neutrino data and the sunspot cycle. Some of\nthese claims rest on smoothing the data by taking running averages, a method\nthat has recently undergone criticism. We demonstrate that no significant\nanticorrelation can be found in the Homestake, data, or in standard 2- and\n4-point averages of that data. However, when 3-, 5-, and 7-point running\naverages are taken, an anticorrelation seems to emerge whose significance grows\nas the number of points in the average increases. Our analysis indicates that\nthe apparently high significance of these anticorrelations is an artifact of\nthe failure to consider the loss of independence introduced in the running\naverage process. When this is considered, the significance is reduced to that\nof the unaveraged data. Furthermore, when evaluated via parametric subsampling,\nno statistically significant anticorrelation is found. We conclude that the\nHomestake data can not be used to substantiate any claim of an anticorrelation\nwith the sunspot cycle.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001482"}
astro-ph/0001483
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{"Title": "The role of Star Formation in the evolution of spiral galaxies", "Authors": "Nikos Prantzos (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris)", "Abstract": " Spiral galaxies offer a unique opportunity to study the role of star\nformation in galaxy evolution and to test various theoretical star formation\nschemes. I review some recent relevant work on the evolution of spiral\ngalaxies. Detailed models are used for the chemical and spectrophotometric\nevolution, with metallicity dependent stellar yields, tracks and spectra. The\nmodels are ``calibrated'' on the Milky Way disk and generalised to other\nspirals with some simple scaling relations, obtained in the framework of Cold\nDark Matter models for galaxy formation. The results compare favourably to the\nmain observables of present day spirals, provided a crucial assumption is made:\nmassive disks form their stars earlier than low mass ones. It is not clear\nwhether this picture is compatible with currently popular hierarchical models\nof galaxy evolution. The resulting abundance gradients are found to be\nanticorrelated to the disk scalelength, support radially dependent star\nformation efficiencies and point to a kind of ``homologuous evolution'' for\nspirals.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001483"}
astro-ph/0001484
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{"Title": "A High Sensitivity Measurement of the MeV Gamma-Ray Spectrum of Cygnus\n X-1", "Authors": "M. L. McConnell, J. M. Ryan, W. Collmar, V. Schoenfelder, H. Steinle,\n A. W. Strong, H. Bloemen, W. Hermsen, L. Kuiper, K. Bennett, B. F. Phlips,\n and J. C. Ling", "Abstract": " The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) has observed the Cygnus region on\nseveral occasions since its launch in 1991. The data collected by the COMPTEL\nexperiment on CGRO represent the most sensitive observations to date of Cygnus\nX-1 in the 0.75-30 MeV range. A spectrum accumulated by COMPTEL over 10 weeks\nof observation time shows significant evidence for emission extending out to\nseveral MeV. We have combined these data with contemporaneous data from both\nBATSE and OSSE to produce a broad-band gamma-ray spectrum, corresponding to the\nlow X-ray state of Cygnus X-1, extending from 50 keV up to approximately 5 MeV.\nAlthough there is no evidence for any broad line-like emissions in the MeV\nregion, these data further confirm the presence of a hard tail at energies\nabove several hundred keV. In particular, the spectrum at MeV energies can be\ndescribed as a power-law with a photon spectral index of $\\alpha$ = -3.2, with\nno evidence for a cutoff at high energies. For the 200 keV to 5 MeV spectrum,\nwe provide a quantitative description of the underlying electron spectrum, in\nthe context of a hybrid thermal/non-thermal model for the emission. The\nelectron spectrum can be described by a thermal Maxwellian with a temperature\nof $kT_e$ = 86 keV and a non-thermal power-law component with a spectral index\nof $p_e$ = 4.5. The spectral data presented here should provide a useful basis\nfor further theoretical modeling.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001484"}
astro-ph/0001485
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{"Title": "The Spectral Variability of Cygnus X-1 at MeV Energies", "Authors": "M. L. McConnell, K. Bennett, H. Bloemen, W. Collmar, W. Hermsen, L.\n Kuiper, B. Phlips, J. M. Ryan, V. Schoenfelder, H. Steinle, and A.W. Strong", "Abstract": " In previous work, we have used data from the first three years of the CGRO\nmission to assemble a broad-band $\\gamma$-ray spectrum of the galactic black\nhole candidate Cygnus X-1. Contemporaneous data from the COMPTEL, OSSE and\nBATSE experiments on CGRO were selected on the basis of the hard X-ray flux\n(45--140 keV) as measured by BATSE. This provided a spectrum of Cygnus X-1 in\nits canonical low X-ray state (as measured at energies below 10 keV), covering\nthe energy range from 50 keV to 5 MeV. Here we report on a comparison of this\nspectrum to a COMPTEL-OSSE spectrum collected during a high X-ray state of\nCygnus X-1 (May, 1996). These data provide evidence for significant spectral\nvariability at energies above 1 MeV. In particular, whereas the hard X-ray flux\n{\\it decreases} during the high X-ray state, the flux at energies above 1 MeV\n{\\it increases}, resulting in a significantly harder high energy spectrum. This\nbehavior is consistent with the general picture of galactic black hole\ncandidates having two distinct spectral forms at soft $\\gamma$-ray energies.\nThese data extend this picture, for the first time, to energies above 1 MeV.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001485"}
astro-ph/0001486
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{"Title": "Search for Binary Protostars", "Authors": "R. Launhardt (1), A.I. Sargent (1), H. Zinnecker (2) ((1) Caltech (2)\n AIP Potsdam)", "Abstract": " In an effort to shed more light on the formation process of binary stars, we\nhave started a program to study multiplicity among nearby low- and\nintermediate-mass protostars using the OVRO Millimeter Array. Here, we describe\nthe project and present the first results on the protostellar core in the Bok\nglobule CB230 (L1177). At 10 arcsec resolution, the molecular core is resolved\ninto two components separated by 5000 AU. The morphology and kinematics of the\ndouble core suggest that it formed from a single cloud core due to rotational\nfragmentation.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001486"}
astro-ph/0001487
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{"Title": "The Impact of Nuclear Reaction Rate Uncertainties on Evolutionary\n Studies of the Nova Outburst", "Authors": "W. Raphael Hix, Michael S. Smith, Anthony Mezzacappa, Sumner\n Starrfield, Donald L. Smith", "Abstract": " The observable consequences of a nova outburst depend sensitively on the\ndetails of the thermonuclear runaway which initiates the outburst. One of the\nmore important sources of uncertainty is the nuclear reaction data used as\ninput for the evolutionary calculations. A recent paper by Starrfield, Truran,\nWiescher, & Sparks (1998) has demonstrated that changes in the reaction rate\nlibrary used within a nova simulation have significant effects, not just on the\nproduction of individual isotopes (which can change by an order of magnitude),\nbut on global observables such as the peak luminosity and the amount of mass\nejected. We present preliminary results of systematic analyses of the impact of\nreaction rate uncertainties on nova nucleosynthesis.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001487"}
astro-ph/0001488
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{"Title": "Infrared Properties of High Redshift and X-ray Selected AGN Samples", "Authors": "Belinda J. Wilkes (1), Eric J. Hooper (1), Kim K. McLeod (2), Martin\n S. Elvis (1), David H. Hughes (3), Chris D. Impey (4), Joanna K.\n Kuraszkiewicz (1), Carol S. Lonsdale (5), Matt A. Malkan (6), Jonathan C.\n McDowell (1) ((1) Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, (2) Wellesley College, (3) INAOE,\n (4) Steward Observatory, (5) IPAC, (6) UCLA)", "Abstract": " The NASA/ISO Key Project on active galactic nuclei (AGN) seeks to better\nunderstand the broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these sources\nfrom radio to X-rays, with particular emphasis on infrared properties. The ISO\nsample includes a wide variety of AGN types and spans a large redshift range.\nTwo subsamples are considered herein: 8 high-redshift (1 < z < 4.7) quasars;\nand 22 hard X-ray selected sources.\n The X-ray selected AGN show a wide range of IR continuum shapes, extending to\ncooler colors than the optical/radio sample of Elvis et al. (1994). Where a\nfar-IR turnover is clearly observed, the slopes are < 2.5 in all but one case\nso that non-thermal emission remains a possibility. The highest redshift\nquasars show extremely strong, hot IR continua requiring ~ 100 solar masses of\n500 - 1000 Kelvin dust with ~ 100 times weaker optical emission. Possible\nexplanations for these unusual properties include: reflection of the optical\nlight from material above/below a torus; strong obscuration of the optical\ncontinuum; or an intrinsic deficit of optical emission.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001488"}
astro-ph/0001489
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{"Title": "Colour Change Measurements of Gravitational Microlensing Events by Using\n the Difference Image Analysis Method", "Authors": "Cheongho Han & Seong-Hong Park (Chungbuk National University, Korea)", "Abstract": " Detecting colour changes of a gravitational microlensing event induced by the\nlimb-darkened extended source effect is important to obtain useful information\nboth about the lens and source star. However, precise measurements of the\ncolour changes are hampered by blending, which also causes colour changes of\nthe event. In this paper, we show that although the colour change measured from\nthe subtracted image by using the recently developed photometric method of the\n``difference image analysis'' (DIA) differs from the colour change measured by\nusing the conventional method based on the extraction of the individual source\nstars' point spread functions, the curve of the colour changes (colour curve)\nconstructed by using the DIA method enables one to obtain the same information\nabout the lens and source star, but with significantly reduced uncertainties\ndue to the absence of blending. We investigate the patterns of the DIA colour\ncurves for both single lens and binary lens events by constructing colour\nchange maps.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001489"}
astro-ph/0001490
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{"Title": "Detection of Stellar Spots from the Observations of Caustic-Crossing\n Binary-Lens Gravitational Microlensing Events", "Authors": "Cheongho Han (Chungbuk National University), Ho-Il Kim (Korea\n Astronomy Observatory), Kyungae Chang (Chongju Univeristy), Seong-Hong Park\n (Chungbuk National University)", "Abstract": " Recently, Heyrovsk\\'y & Sasselov (1999) investigated the sensitivity of {\\it\nsingle-lens} gravitational microlensing event light curves to small spots and\nfound that during source transit events spots can cause deviations in\namplification larger than 2%, and thus be detectable. In this paper, we explore\nthe feasibility of spot detection from the observations of {\\it\ncaustic-crossing binary-lens} microlensing events instead of single-lens\nevents. For this we investigate the sensitivity of binary-lens event light\ncurves to spots and compare it to that of single-lens events. From this\ninvestigation, we find that during caustic crossings the fractional\namplification deviations of microlensing light curves from those of spotless\nsource events are equivalent to the deviations of single-lens events, implying\nthat spots can also be detected with a similar photometric precision to that\nrequired for spot detection by observing single-lens events. We discuss the\nrelative advantages of observing caustic-crossing binary-lens events over the\nobservations of single-lens events in detecting stellar spots.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001490"}
astro-ph/0001491
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{"Title": "Better Astrometric Deblending of Gravitional Microlensing Events by\n Using the Difference Image Analysis Method", "Authors": "Cheongho Han (Chungbuk National University)", "Abstract": " Due to the choice of very dense star fields for a higher event rate, the\ncurrent microlensing searches suffer from large uncertainties caused by\nblending effect. To measure light variations of microlensing events free from\nthe effect of blending, a newly developed method of Differential Image Analysis\n(DIA) was proposed for microlensing searches. However, even with the light\nvariation curve obtained by using the DIA method, dramatic reduction of the\nuncertainty in the determined Einstein time scale is not expected due to the\ndifficulty in determining the baseline flux of a source star.\n However, we show in this paper that if the blending effect is investigated by\ndetecting the shift of a source star image centroid, the DIA method will allow\none to detect the blending effect with a significantly enhanced efficiency\ncompared the efficiency of the current method based on PSF photometry (PSF\nmethod). This is because for a given event the centroid shift measurable by\nusing the DIA method, $\\delta\\theta_{\\rm c,DIA}$, is {\\it always} larger than\nthe centroid shift measurable by using the PSF method, $\\delta\\theta_{\\rm\nc,PSF}$. We find that the ratio $\\delta\\theta_{\\rm c,DIA}/\\delta\\theta_{\\rm\nc,DIA}$ rapidly increases with increasing fraction of blended light. In\naddition, for events affected by the same fraction of blended light, the ratio\n$\\delta\\theta_{\\rm c,DIA}/ \\delta \\theta_{\\rm c,DIA}$ is larger for the event\nwith a lower amplification. Therefore, centroid shift measurements by using the\nDIA method will be an efficient method to detect the blending effect especially\nof highly blended events, for which the uncertainties in the determined\nEinstein time scale are large, as well as of low amplification events, for\nwhich the current method is highly inefficient.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001491"}
astro-ph/0001492
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{"Title": "Mapping the Galactic Halo I. The `Spaghetti' Survey", "Authors": "Heather L. Morrison, Mario Mateo, Edward W. Olszewski, Paul Harding,\n R.C. Dohm-Palmer, Kenneth C. Freeman, John E. Norris and Miwa Morita", "Abstract": " We describe a major survey of the Milky Way halo designed to test for\nkinematic substructure caused by destruction of accreted satellites. We use the\nWashington photometric system to identify halo stars efficiently for\nspectroscopic followup. Tracers include halo giants (detectable out to more\nthan 100 kpc), blue horizontal branch stars, halo stars near the main sequence\nturnoff, and the ``blue metal-poor stars'' of Preston et al (1994). We\ndemonstrate the success of our survey by showing spectra of stars we have\nidentified in all these categories, including giants as distant as 75 kpc. We\ndiscuss the problem of identifying the most distant halo giants. In particular,\nextremely metal-poor halo K dwarfs are present in approximately equal numbers\nto the distant giants for V fainter than 18, and we show that our method will\ndistinguish reliably between these two groups of metal-poor stars. We plan to\nsurvey 100 square degrees at high galactic latitude, and expect to increase the\nnumbers of known halo giants, BHB stars and turnoff stars by more than an order\nof magnitude. In addition to the strong test that this large sample will\nprovide for the question `was the Milky Way halo accreted from satellite\ngalaxies?', we will improve the accuracy of mass measurements of the Milky Way\nbeyond 50 kpc via the kinematics of the many distant giants and BHB stars we\nwill find. We show that one of our first datasets constrains the halo density\nlaw over galactocentric radii of 5-20 kpc and z heights of 2-15 kpc. The data\nsupport a flattened power-law halo with b/a of 0.6 and exponent -3.0. More\ncomplex models with a varying axial ratio may be needed with a larger dataset.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001492"}
astro-ph/0001493
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{"Title": "Analytic model for galaxy and dark matter clustering", "Authors": "Uros Seljak (Princeton University)", "Abstract": " We investigate an analytic model to compute nonlinear power spectrum of dark\nmatter, galaxies and their cross-correlation. The model is based on\nPress-Schechter halos, which cluster and have realistic dark matter profiles.\nThe total power spectrum is a sum of two contributions, one from correlations\nbetwen the halos and one from correlations within the same halo. We show that\nsuch a model can give dark matter power spectra which match well with the\nresults of N-body simulations, provided that concentration parameter decreases\nwith the halo mass.\n Galaxy power spectrum differs from dark matter power spectrum because pair\nweighted number of galaxies increases less rapidly than the halo mass, as\npredicted by theoretical models and observed in clusters. In this case the\nresulting power spectrum becomes a power law with the slope closed to the\nobserved. Such a model also predicts a later onset of nonlinear clustering\ncompared to the dark matter, which is needed to reconcile the CDM models with\nthe data. Generic prediction of this model is that bias is scale dependent and\nnonmonotonic. For red or elliptical galaxies bias in power spectrum may be\nscale dependent even on very large scales.\n Our predictions for galaxy-dark matter correlations, which can be observed\nthrough the galaxy-galaxy lensing, show that these cannot be interpreted simply\nas an average halo profile of a typical galaxy, because different halo masses\ndominate at different scales and because larger halos host more than one\ngalaxy. We discuss the prospects of using cross-correlations in combination\nwith galaxy clustering to determine the dark matter power spectrum (ABRIDGED).\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001493"}
astro-ph/0001494
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{"Title": "Electromagnetic Energy for a Charged Kerr Black Hole in a Uniform\n Magnetic Field", "Authors": "Li-Xin Li (Princeton University)", "Abstract": " With the Komar mass formula we calculate the electromagnetic energy for a\ncharged Kerr black hole in a uniform magnetic field. We find that the total\nelectromagnetic energy takes the minimum when the Kerr black hole possesses a\nnon-zero net charge $Q = 2\\xi B_0 J_H$ where $B_0$ is the strength of the\nmagnetic field, $J_H$ is the angular momentum of the black hole, $\\xi$ is a\ndimensionless parameter determined by the spin of the black hole.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001494"}
astro-ph/0001495
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{"Title": "The Properties of Poor Groups of Galaxies: III. The Galaxy Luminosity\n Function", "Authors": "Ann I. Zabludoff (Steward Obs./University of Arizona), John S.\n Mulchaey (Carnegie Obs.)", "Abstract": " We obtain R-band photometry for galaxies in six nearby poor groups for which\nwe have spectroscopic data, including 328 new galaxy velocities. For the five\ngroups with luminous X-ray halos, the composite group galaxy luminosity\nfunction (GLF) is fit adequately by a Schechter function with Mstar = -21.6 +/-\n0.4 + 5log h and alpha = -1.3 +/- 0.1. We also find that (1) the ratio of\ndwarfs to giants is significantly larger for the five groups with luminous\nX-ray halos than for the one marginally X-ray detected group, (2) the composite\nGLF for the luminous X-ray groups is consistent in shape with that for rich\nclusters, (3) the composite group GLF rises more steeply at the faint end than\nthat of the field, (4) the shape difference between the field and composite\ngroup GLF's results mostly from the population of non-emission line galaxies,\nwhose dwarf-to-giant ratio is larger in the denser group environment than in\nthe field, and (5) the non-emission line dwarfs are more concentrated about the\ngroup center than the non-emission line giants. This last result indicates that\nthe dwarfs and giants occupy different orbits (i.e., have not mixed completely)\nand suggests that the populations formed at a different times. Our results show\nthat the shape of the GLF varies with environment and that this variation is\ndue primarily to an increase in the dwarf-to-giant ratio of quiescent galaxies\nin higher density regions, at least up to the densities characteristic of X-ray\nluminous poor groups. This behavior suggests that, in some environments, dwarfs\nare more biased than giants with respect to dark matter. This trend conflicts\nwith the prediction of standard biased galaxy formation models. (Abridged)\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001495"}
astro-ph/0001496
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{"Title": "Modeling Galaxy Lenses", "Authors": "Roger Blandford, Gabriela Surpi (Caltech) and Tomislav Kundic\n (Renaissance Technologies)", "Abstract": " In order to use a gravitational lens to measure the Hubble constant\naccurately, it is necessary to derive a reliable model of the lens surface\npotential. If the analysis is restricted to the locations and magnifications of\npoint images, the derived Hubble constant depends upon the class of mass models\nused to fit the data. However, when there is extended emission from an Einstein\nring, it may be possible to derive a potential from the observed surface\nbrightness in a model-independent manner. This procedure is illustrated with\nreference to B1608+656. The multi-band images are de-reddened, de-convolved and\nde-contaminated so that the luminous matter and the surface brightness contours\nin the Einstein ring are both faithfully mapped. This intensity distribution\ncan then be used to reconstruct the potential. Progress in implementing this\nprogram is reported.\n The observed incidence of multiple-imaged galaxies on the Hubble Deep Fields\nis an order of magnitude smaller than naively predicted on the basis of radio\nlens surveys, like CLASS, but consistent with the rate computed using surface\nphotometry of candidate lens galaxies assuming standard mass to light ratios.\nIn order to resolve this paradox, it is suggested that most galaxy lenses are\nlocated in compact groups.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001496"}
astro-ph/0001497
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{"Title": "Spectral Evolution of the Peculiar Ic Supernova 1998bw", "Authors": "R. A. Stathakis, B. J. Boyle, D. H. Jones, M. S. Bessell, T. J.\n Galama, Lisa M. Germany, M. Hartley, D. M. James, C. Kouveliotou, I. J.\n Lewis, Q. A. Parker, K. S. Russell, E. M. Sadler, C. G. Tinney, J. van\n Paradijs and P. M. Vreeswijk", "Abstract": " SN 1998bw holds the record for the most energetic Type Ic explosion, one of\nthe brightest radio supenovae and probably the first supernova associated with\na gamma-ray burst. In this paper we present spectral observations of SN 1998bw\nobserved in a cooperative monitoring campaign using the AAT, UKST and the SSO\n2.3-m telescope. We investigate the evolution of the spectrum between 7 and 94\ndays after V_band maximum in comparison to well-studied examples of Type Ic SNe\nin order to quantify the unusual properties of this supernova event. Though the\nearly spectra differ greatly from the observations of classical Ic SNe, we find\nthat the evolution from the photospheric to the nebular phases is slow but\notherwise typical. The spectra differ predominantly in the extensive line\nblending and blanketing which has been attributed to the high velocity of the\nejecta. We find that by day 19, the absorption line minima blueshifts are 10% -\n50% higher than other SNe and on day 94 emission lines are 45% broader, as\nexpected if the progenitor had a massive envelope. However, it is difficult to\nexplain the extent of line blanketing entirely by line broadening, and we argue\nthat additional contribution from other species is present, indicating unusual\nrelative abundances or physical conditions in the envelope.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001497"}
astro-ph/0001498
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{"Title": "Current Issues", "Authors": "R. D. Blandford (Caltech)", "Abstract": " Cosmic explosions are observed in many astrophysical environments. They range\nin scale from hydromagnetic instabilities in the terrestrial magnetotail and\nsolar ``nanoflares'' to cosmological gamma ray bursts, supernovae and the\nprotracted intervals of nuclear activity that produce the giant quasars and\nradio galaxies. There are many parallels in the analyses of the explosion sites\nthat are highlighted at this workshop, specifically stellar coronae, accretion\ndisks, supernovae and compact objects. In this introductory talk, some general\nissues are discussed and some more specific questions relating to the\nindividual sites are raised.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001498"}
astro-ph/0001499
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{"Title": "Quasar Jets and their Fields", "Authors": "R. D. Blandford (Caltech)", "Abstract": " Observations of jets from quasars and other types of accreting black hole are\nbriefly summarized. The importance of beaming and $\\gamma$-ray observations for\nunderstanding the origin of these jets is emphasised. It is argued that both\nthe power source and the collimation are likely to be magnetic in origin,\nalthough the details remain controversial. Ultrarelativistic jets may be formed\nby the spinning hole and collimated by a hydromagnetic disc wind. Progress in\nunderstanding jets has been handicapped by our inadequate knowledge of how\nmagnetic field really behaves under cosmic conditions. Fortunately, significant\ninsights are coming from solar observations, numerical simulation and\nlaboratory plasma experiments. Some possible, evolutionary ramifications are\nbriefly discussed and it is suggested that it is the mass of the black hole\nrelative to that of the galaxy which determines the eventual galaxy morphology.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001499"}
astro-ph/0001500
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{"Title": "The Host Galaxy of the Lensed Quasar Q 0957+561", "Authors": "C. R. Keeton (Arizona), E. E. Falco (CfA), C. D. Impey (Arizona), C.\n S. Kochanek, J. Lehar, B. A. McLeod (CfA), H.-W. Rix (MPIA), J. A. Munoz\n (CfA), C. Y. Peng (Arizona)", "Abstract": " Infrared images of the Q 0957+561 gravitational lens obtained with the Hubble\nSpace Telescope show two large (\\sim 5 arcsec) lensed images of the z_s=1.41\nquasar host galaxy. Parts of the host galaxy are doubly-imaged like the quasar,\nwhile other parts are quadruply-imaged. The distortions of the host galaxy\noffer the best probe yet of the global structure of the lensing potential,\nwhich is essential for determining the Hubble constant from the measured time\ndelay. The distortions are inconsistent with the predictions of previously\npublished lens models, which invalidates those models and their implications\nfor H_0. New models show that the distortions finally break the long-standing\ndegeneracy between the shape of the lens galaxy and the tidal shear contributed\nby the cluster containing the lens galaxy. The shape of the lens galaxy's mass\ndistribution must be remarkably similar to the shape of its luminosity\ndistribution, and most models that produce reasonable values for the Hubble\nconstant roughly match the observed ellipticity gradient and isophote twist of\nthe lens galaxy. Also, the cluster must be non-spherical and produce a\nrelatively small tidal shear. Although there are still degeneracies in the lens\nmodels that lead to a 25% uncertainty in the derived value of the Hubble\nconstant, there are also strong prospects for new observations to further\nimprove the constraints and reduce the uncertainties.\n", "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001500"}