### Instruction: For each of 8 colors, I have one shirt and one tie of that color.  How many shirt-and-tie outfits can I make if I refuse to wear a shirt and a tie of the same color?### Response: This problem is asking me to count the number of ways to pair up shirts and ties of different colors.
One way to approach this is to fix a shirt color and then see how many tie colors are available for it.
For example, if I choose a red shirt, then I have 7 tie colors to choose from, since I can't use red.
Similarly, for any shirt color I choose, I have 7 tie colors to choose from, since I have to avoid the matching color.
So, the number of outfits is the same as the number of ways to choose a shirt color and then a tie color from the remaining 7 colors.
This is a multiplication principle: I have 8 choices for the shirt, and for each of those choices, I have 7 choices for the tie.
So, the total number of outfits is 8 times 7, which is 56.