You sure can: Aurora R14 specifications    One thing to be aware off is processor cooling. The higher grade CPU's like the 5950X, will require better cooling than what your current CPU requires. So hopefully you have liquid cooling.   The RTX 3080 will not bottleneck with your current CPU, so again your actual gaming gains might be minimal. The 5900 is a very capable CPU. Overall you have a good specced machine and upgrades will not provide any huge performance increases for general use.
Currently I have the Aurora Ryzen R14. I purchased the PC from Amazon. At the time I had no idea about pre-builds. But I Love it. No issues so far. But I did learn that some of the parts are low end or baseline, I guess? So, I'm thinking about upgrading from the 5900 to 5900x. Is this possible and if so, would it be worth it?  My Specs:  Alienware Aurora Ryzen Edition R14 Processor: AMD Ryzen 9 5900 12-Core Processor (24 CPUs), ~3.0GHz RAM Installed- 32Gb  NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 10GB 1TB NV Me M.2 PCIe SSD (Boot) + 2TB 7200RPM SATA 6Gb/s (Storage)
Aurora R14, CPU upgrade info