No, you didn't harm your laptop by using a higher-output charger, if it was a genuine Dell charger. The laptop will draw the amount of power that it needs.  The fault is likely with the jack or the circuit. You've ordered a new charging jack, so you'll be able to see if that is the problem. The jack is a relatively inexpensive item that is not difficult to replace for someone experienced in working on laptops. If a good charger and a new jack won't work, then the fault is likely with the charging circuit on the motherboard, which would normally require replacement of the motherboard. Whenever touching components or working inside a computer, wear a grounded wrist strap, also called anti-static wrist strap, ESD wrist strap, or ground bracelet. It's a cheap and sensible precaution. Rest the laptop on an anti-static mat or at least a reasonable alternative such as corrugated cardboard.
I have a Dell Inspiron 5770 with an interesting power issue. Whenever I plug in the charger, the device fails to recognize it (the BIOS setup reports no charger connected and the battery icon on the OS does not display a plug symbol next to the battery). The strange part is that the charger itself seems to stop working after being plugged into the problem machine (i.e., it will no longer work or will cause issues when plugged into a different model Inspiron that uses the same charger). This charger issue appears to be fixed after using my other Inspiron to drain the excess power from it (i.e., plugging the charger into my spare's power port, leaving it unplugged from the wall, and holding the power button on the spare for a few seconds). The problem device works normally on what little battery power it has left. The device takes a charger with a 4.5mm barrel and was shipped with a 45w (19.5v x 2.31a) charger. Just recently, I've been using a 4.5mm barrel charger rated at 130w (19.5v x 6.67a) to power the device most of the time, and I have to leave it plugged up most of the time as the battery has depreciated and needs replacement (I get about 10-20 mins of charger after disconnecting). I didn't think there was a problem with using a higher rated charger because: 1.) the voltage output is the same, and 2.) the problem machine previously worked fine with it, whereas it would not recognize other 4.5mm chargers that I have tried to use with it in the past. I am now starting to suspect the higher rated charger as the cause of the problem (and the root of the problem being a damaged power port) because I can't think of anything else that would cause this. I have tested using three different chargers: 2 45w of the same model that was shipped with the machine and the 130w described above. I have experienced the same phenomenon with the charger failing to work with another compatible Inspiron and needing to be drained with all three chargers. Things I have tried, to no avail: Disconnecting the battery from the board with the charger unplugged and holding the power button to drain all power from the board. Disconnecting the power port cable from the board in addition to doing the above step, then reconnecting the power port only without reconnecting the battery. After plugging in the charger, the device not only did not power on (suggesting it was not pulling anything from the charger), but the phenomenon with the temporary charger failure ocurred again. Some recent changes that I made, if it helps: Upgraded the PCIe NVME SSD to one with roughly 250 GB. (It shipped with an intel optane 16GB PCIe NVMe SSD) Upgraded the RAM to the max 32GB, with 2 16GB 2666MHz SoDIMMs. Installed Linux Mint 21.1 onto the NVMe SSD And on a side note, I had another NVMe SSD that I wanted to use in this machine that seems to have stopped working randomly, but I think that was due to improper storage and handling on my part.   I'm assuming that he issue is a bad power port, and I've ordered a replacement to test that theory. My concerns is with the strange issue that is occurring with the chargers...has anyone else had an issue like this? Could it suggest a more serious problem with the board, etc?
Inspiron 5770 Charging Port Failure?