I was just able to solve this. The solution was silly, but it worked - I simply reset the card in the PCIe slot and also flipped around the power cable.  I expect the cable had nothing to do with it, but I'm including it here anyway since it technically was a variable that changed.  The card looked and felt firmly seated, but nonetheless perhaps it wasn't fully? In any case, when the machine booted, I noticed that it booted differently - fans were at full speed for a good 10 or 15 seconds during the boot sequence which never happens.  Once into Windows, the Device Manager immediately showed two "3D Video Device" (the K80 has two GPUs on it).  The NVIDIA installer then worked perfectly. So, net result - it was likely that the card was just not fully seated.  Thanks for the help nonetheless.
So, I first struggled to get the K80 powered.  I found the proper cable for the NVIDIA as it appears the pinning may be specific.  Prior, the system would fail to boot and report an over-current situation.  With the proper power cable for the card, the system now boots. My problem NOW is that Windows Server 2016 just doesn't appear to see the card at all.  It doesn't show up in Device Manager, and when attempting to install the NVIDIA drivers, the installer immediately fails and says it can't find compatible hardware.  There's also no other hardware in Device Manager that would otherwise be the card just improperly classified, etc.  It's simply not being seen. I've searched in the BIOS but I didn't see anything there that looked suspicious.  I've also enabled hardware inventory updates, but I don't think that has any impact here, either.  Any ideas?  Am I missing something that needs to be enabled? I've installed the card on Riser 3 if that's meaningful. Thanks!
R730 and NVIDIA Tesla K80 - Not Detected?