I encountered similar behavior with a different brand and model laptop. In short, video output would not work when the video signal was tunneled via a Thunderbolt 3 or Thunderbolt 4 docking station. In my specific setup, the latest driver from Nvidia as of today (version 531.18) has resolved the issue --> [URL] 
I have the following setup: This setup worked flawlessly until I updated to the recent NVIDIA driver version. Now the 2nd monitor is not detected by Windows even in the device manager. It is displayed in "NVIDIA Control Panel -> Set up multiple displays" as inactive, however it cannot be selected [URL] . The only way I found to get it detected by Windows is to use "Configure Surround, PhysX" - turn on "span" feature, then turn it off and the second monitor remains detected by NVIDIA and Windows until I restart the laptop. I need to repeat this procedure every time after the restart. Clean driver install did not solve the problem. This problem occurs in all 517.48+ nvidia driver versions so I have to use the last stable version 512.96. Reported to NVIDIA, no response.
External monitor connected via TBT Type-C to a Dell Docking station is not 
detected