Item 1. Business
ORGANIZATION
Main Street Capital Corporation ("MSCC") was formed on March 9, 2007 for the purpose of (i) acquiring 100% of the equity interests of Main Street Mezzanine Fund, LP ("MSMF") and its general partner, Main Street Mezzanine Management, LLC ("MSMF GP"), (ii) acquiring 100% of the equity interests of Main Street Capital Partners, LLC (the "Investment Manager"), (iii) raising capital in an initial public offering, which was completed in October 2007 (the "IPO"), and (iv) thereafter operating as an internally managed business development company ("BDC") under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). MSMF is licensed as a Small Business Investment Company ("SBIC") by the United States Small Business Administration ("SBA") and the Investment Manager acts as MSMF's manager and investment adviser. Because the Investment Manager, which employs all of the executive officers and other employees of MSCC, is wholly owned by us, we do not pay any external investment advisory fees, but instead we incur the operating costs associated with employing investment and portfolio management professionals through the Investment Manager. The IPO and related transactions discussed above were consummated in October 2007 and are collectively termed the "Formation Transactions."
On January 7, 2010, MSCC consummated transactions (the "Exchange Offer") to exchange 1,239,695 shares of its common stock for approximately 88% of the total dollar value of the limited partner interests in Main Street Capital II, LP ("MSC II") and, together with MSMF, the "Funds"). Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Offer, 100% of the membership interests in the general partner of MSC II, Main Street Capital II GP, LLC ("MSC II GP"), were also transferred to MSCC for no consideration. MSC II commenced operations in January 2006, is an investment fund that operates as an SBIC and is also managed by the Investment Manager. During the first quarter of 2012, MSCC exchanged 229,634 shares of its common stock to acquire all of the remaining minority ownership in the total dollar value of the MSC II limited partnership interests, including approximately 5% owned by affiliates of MSCC (the "Final MSC II Exchange"). After the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange, MSCC owns 100% of MSC II. The Exchange Offer and
related transactions, including the transfer of the MSC II GP interests and the Final MSC II Exchange, are collectively termed the "Exchange Offer Transactions."
MSCC has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). As a result, MSCC generally will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes to its stockholders as dividends.
MSCC has direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries that have elected to be taxable entities (the "Taxable Subsidiaries"). The primary purpose of these entities is to hold certain investments that generate "pass through" income for tax purposes. The Taxable Subsidiaries are each taxed at their normal corporate tax rates based on their taxable income.
Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the terms "we," "us," "our" and "Main Street" refer to MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries, which include the Funds and the Taxable Subsidiaries.
The following diagram depicts Main Street's organizational structure:
*Each of the Taxable Subsidiaries is directly or indirectly wholly-owned by MSCC. CORPORATE INFORMATION
Our principal executive offices are located at 1300 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 800, Houston, Texas 77056. We maintain a Web site on the Internet at www.mainstcapital.com. We make available free of charge on our Web site our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information regarding the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Information contained on our Web site is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and you should not consider that information to be part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
OVERVIEW OF OUR BUSINESS
We are a principal investment firm primarily focused on providing customized debt and equity financing to lower middle market ("LMM") companies and debt capital to middle market ("Middle Market") companies. Our portfolio investments are typically made to support management buyouts, recapitalizations, growth financings, refinancings and acquisitions of companies that operate in diverse industry sectors. We seek to partner with entrepreneurs, business owners and management teams and generally provide "one stop" financing alternatives within our LMM portfolio. We invest primarily in secured debt investments, equity investments, warrants and other securities of LMM companies based in the United States and in secured debt investments of Middle Market companies generally headquartered in the United States. Our principal investment objective is to maximize our portfolio's total return by generating current income from our debt
investments and capital appreciation from our equity and equity related investments, including warrants, convertible securities and other rights to acquire equity securities in a portfolio company. Our LMM companies generally have annual revenues between $10 million and $150 million, and our LMM portfolio investments generally range in size from $5 million to $25 million. Our Middle Market investments are made in businesses that are generally larger in size than our LMM portfolio companies, with annual revenues typically between $150 million and $1.5 billion, and our Middle Market investments generally range in size from $3 million to $15 million. Our other portfolio ("Other Portfolio") investments primarily consist of investments which are not consistent with the typical profiles for our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments which may be managed by third parties. In our Other Portfolio, we may incur indirect fees and expenses in connection with investments managed by third parties, such as investments in other investment companies or private funds.
We seek to fill the current financing gap for LMM businesses, which, historically, have had more limited access to financing from commercial banks and other traditional sources. The underserved nature of the LMM creates the opportunity for us to meet the financing needs of LMM companies while also negotiating favorable transaction terms and equity participations. Our ability to invest across a company's capital structure, from senior secured loans to equity securities, allows us to offer portfolio companies a comprehensive suite of financing options, or a "one stop" financing solution. Providing customized, "one stop" financing solutions has become even more relevant to our LMM portfolio companies in the current investing environment. We generally seek to partner directly with entrepreneurs, management teams and business owners in making our investments. Our LMM portfolio debt investments are generally secured by a first lien on the assets of the portfolio company and typically have a term of between five and seven years. We believe that our LMM investment strategy has a lower correlation to the broader debt and equity markets.
As of December 31, 2012, we had debt and equity investments in 59 LMM portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $510.3 million, a total cost basis of approximately $408.0 million and a weighted average annual effective yield on our LMM debt investments of approximately 14.2%. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 76% of our total LMM portfolio investments at cost were in the form of debt investments and approximately 94% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of our LMM portfolio companies. At December 31, 2012, we had equity ownership in approximately 90% of our LMM portfolio companies and the average fully diluted equity ownership in those portfolio companies was approximately 32%. As of December 31, 2011, we had debt and equity investments in 54 LMM portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $415.7 million, a total cost basis of approximately $349.0 million and a weighted average annual effective yield on our LMM debt investments of approximately 14.8%. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 74% of Main Street's total LMM portfolio investments at cost were in the form of debt investments and approximately 93% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of our LMM portfolio companies. At December 31, 2011, we had equity ownership in approximately 94% of its LMM portfolio companies and the average fully diluted equity ownership in those portfolio companies was approximately 34%. The weighted average annual yields were computed using the effective interest rates for all debt investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, including amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of original issue discount but excluding fees payable upon repayment of the debt investments and any debt investments on non-accrual status.
In addition to our LMM investment strategy, we pursue investments in Middle Market companies. Our Middle Market portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in interest-bearing debt securities in companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies included in our LMM portfolio. Our Middle Market portfolio debt investments are generally secured by either a first or second priority lien on the assets of the portfolio company and typically have a term of between three and five years.
As of December 31, 2012, we had Middle Market portfolio investments in 85 companies collectively totaling approximately $390.0 million in fair value with a total cost basis of approximately $385.5 million. The weighted average annual revenue for the 85 Middle Market portfolio company investments was approximately $513.5 million as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2012, almost all of our Middle
Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments and approximately 92% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on portfolio company assets. The weighted average annual effective yield on our Middle Market portfolio debt investments was approximately 8.8% as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011, we had Middle Market portfolio investments in 57 companies collectively totaling approximately $226.5 million in fair value with a total cost basis of approximately $228.9 million. The weighted average annual revenue for the 57 Middle Market portfolio company investments was approximately $472.6 million as of December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, almost all of our Middle Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments and approximately 82% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on portfolio company assets. The weighted average annual effective yield on our Middle Market portfolio debt investments was approximately 9.5% as of December 31, 2011. The weighted average annual yields were computed using the effective interest rates for all debt investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, including amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of original issue discount but excluding fees payable upon repayment of the debt investments.
As of December 31, 2012, we had Other Portfolio investments in 3 companies collectively totaling approximately $24.1 million in fair value and approximately $23.6 million in cost basis and which comprised 2.6% of our investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011, we had Other Portfolio investments in 3 companies collectively totaling approximately $14.1 million in both fair value and cost basis and which comprised 2.1% of our investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2011.
Our portfolio investments are generally made through MSCC and the Funds. MSCC and the Funds share the same investment strategies and criteria, although they are subject to different regulatory regimes (see "Regulation"). An investor's return in MSCC will depend, in part, on the Funds' investment returns as MSMF and MSC II are both wholly owned subsidiaries of MSCC.
The level of new portfolio investment activity will fluctuate from period to period based upon our view of the current economic fundamentals, our ability to identify new investment opportunities that meet our investment criteria, and our ability to consummate the identified opportunities. The level of new investment activity, and associated interest and fee income, will directly impact future investment income. In addition, the level of dividends paid by portfolio companies and the portion of our portfolio debt investments on non-accrual status will directly impact future investment income. While we intend to grow our portfolio and our investment income over the long-term, our growth and our operating results may be more limited during depressed economic periods. However, we intend to appropriately manage our cost structure and liquidity position based on applicable economic conditions and our investment outlook. The level of realized gains or losses and unrealized appreciation or depreciation will also fluctuate depending upon portfolio activity and the performance of our individual portfolio companies. The changes in realized gains and losses and unrealized appreciation or depreciation could have a material impact on our operating results.
MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries are internally managed by the Investment Manager, a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCC, which employs all of the executive officers and other employees of Main Street. Because the Investment Manager is wholly owned by MSCC, Main Street does not pay any external investment advisory fees, but instead incurs the operating costs associated with employing investment and portfolio management professionals through the Investment Manager. We believe that our internally managed structure provides us with a beneficial operating expense structure when compared to other publicly-traded and privately-held investment firms which are externally managed, and our internally managed structure allows us the opportunity to leverage our non-interest operating expenses as we grow our investment portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the ratio of our total operating expenses, excluding interest expense, as a percentage of our quarterly average total assets was 1.8%, compared to 2.2% for the year ended December 31, 2011.
In addition, during May 2012, MSCC and the Investment Manager executed an investment sub-advisory agreement with HMS Adviser, LP, which is the investment advisor to HMS Income Fund, Inc., a non publicly-traded BDC whose registration statement on Form N-2 was declared effective by the SEC in June
2012, to provide certain investment advisory services to HMS Adviser, LP. MSCC is initially providing such investment advisory services to HMS Adviser, LP, but we ultimately intend that the Investment Manager will provide such services because the fees we receive from such arrangement could otherwise have negative consequences on MSCC's ability to meet the source-of-income requirement necessary for MSCC to maintain its RIC tax treatment. We will need to obtain certain relief from the SEC before the Investment Manager is permitted to provide these services to HMS Adviser, LP, which we are seeking, but there can be no assurance that we will obtain such relief.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
During January 2013, we invested $40.5 million of capital in Quality Lease and Rental Holdings, LLC, the parent company of Quality Lease Service, LLC and Quality Lease Rental Service, LLC (together, "Quality"). Main Street's investment consists of $38 million in senior, secured term debt in Quality and a $2.5 million direct equity investment in Quality's parent holding company. Founded in 1989, Quality is headquartered in El Campo, Texas and provides drill site services and equipment rentals to the upstream oil and gas industry. Quality provides high quality, custom built mobile housing units to be used at the well site during drilling and completion operations. Quality also provides a variety of other services at the well site, including pad, pit, and road construction, pipeline and flow line equipment installation, equipment rental and heavy hauling.
During March 2013, we declared regular monthly dividends of $0.155 per share for each of April, May and June 2013. These regular monthly dividends equal a total of $0.465 per share for the second quarter of 2013. The second quarter 2013 regular monthly dividends represent a 10.7% increase from the dividends declared for the second quarter of 2012. Including the dividends declared for the second quarter of 2013, we will have paid $9.29 per share in cumulative dividends since our October 2007 initial public offering.
BUSINESS STRATEGIES
Our principal investment objective is to maximize our portfolio's total return by generating current income from our debt investments and realizing capital appreciation from our equity and equity-related investments, including warrants, convertible securities and other rights to acquire equity securities in a portfolio company. We have adopted the following business strategies to achieve our investment objective:
•Deliver Customized Financing Solutions in the Lower Middle Market. We believe our ability to provide a broad range of customized financing solutions to LMM companies sets us apart from other capital providers that focus on providing a limited number of financing solutions. We offer to our LMM portfolio companies customized debt financing solutions with equity components that are tailored to the facts and circumstances of each situation. Our ability to invest across a company's capital structure, from senior secured loans to subordinated debt to equity securities, allows us to offer our LMM portfolio companies a comprehensive suite of financing options, or a "one-stop" financing solution.
•Focus on Established Companies. We generally invest in companies with established market positions, experienced management teams and proven revenue streams. Those companies generally possess better risk-adjusted return profiles than newer companies that are building their management teams or are in the early stages of building a revenue base. We also believe that established companies in our targeted size range also generally provide opportunities for capital appreciation.
•Leverage the Skills and Experience of Our Investment Team. Our investment team has significant experience in lending to and investing in LMM and Middle Market companies. The members of our investment team have broad investment backgrounds, with prior experience at private investment funds, investment banks and other financial services companies, and currently include six certified public accountants and three Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA) charter holders. The expertise of our investment team in analyzing, valuing, structuring, negotiating and closing transactions should provide us with competitive advantages by allowing us to consider customized financing solutions and non-traditional or complex structures for our portfolio companies. Also, the reputation of our
investment team has and should continue to enable us to generate additional revenue in the form of management and incentive fees in connection with us providing advisory services to other investment funds.
•Invest Across Multiple Companies, Industries, Regions and End Markets. We seek to maintain a portfolio of investments that is appropriately balanced among various companies, industries, geographic regions and end markets. This portfolio balance is intended to mitigate the potential effects of negative economic events for particular companies, regions, industries and end markets.
•Capitalize on Strong Transaction Sourcing Network. Our investment team seeks to leverage its extensive network of referral sources for portfolio company investments. We have developed a reputation in our marketplace as a responsive, efficient and reliable source of financing, which has created a growing stream of proprietary deal flow for us.
•Benefit from Lower, Fixed, Long-Term Cost of Capital. The SBIC licenses held by the Funds have allowed them to issue SBA-guaranteed debentures. SBA-guaranteed debentures carry long-term fixed rates that are generally lower than rates on comparable bank and other debt. Because lower cost SBA leverage is, and will continue to be, a significant part of our capital base through the Funds, our relative cost of debt capital should be lower than many of our competitors. In addition, the SBIC leverage that we receive through the Funds represents a stable, long-term component of our capital structure with proper matching of duration and cost compared to our LMM portfolio investments.
INVESTMENT CRITERIA
Our investment team has identified the following investment criteria that it believes are important in evaluating prospective portfolio companies. Our investment team uses these criteria in evaluating investment opportunities. However, not all of these criteria have been, or will be, met in connection with each of our investments.
•Proven Management Team with Meaningful Equity Stake. We look for operationally-oriented management with direct industry experience and a successful track record. In addition, we expect the management team of each LMM portfolio company to have meaningful equity ownership in the portfolio company to better align our respective economic interests. We believe management teams with these attributes are more likely to manage the companies in a manner that both protects our debt investment and enhances the value of our equity investment.
•Established Companies with Positive Cash Flow. We seek to invest in established companies with sound historical financial performance. We typically focus on LMM companies that have historically generated EBITDA ("Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization") of $3 million to $20 million and commensurate levels of free cash flow. We also pursue investments in debt securities of Middle Market companies that are generally established companies with sound historical financial performance that are generally larger in size than LMM companies. We generally do not invest in start-up companies or companies with speculative business plans.
•Defensible Competitive Advantages/Favorable Industry Position. We primarily focus on companies having competitive advantages in their respective markets and/or operating in industries with barriers to entry, which may help to protect their market position and profitability.
•Exit Alternatives. We exit our debt investments primarily through the repayment of our investment from internally generated cash flow of the portfolio company and/or refinancing. In addition, we seek to invest in companies whose business models and expected future cash flows may provide alternate methods of repaying our investment, such as through a strategic acquisition by other industry participants or a recapitalization.
PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS
Main Street's portfolio investments, as used herein, refers to all of Main Street's LMM portfolio investments, Middle Market portfolio investments, Other Portfolio investments and its investment in the Investment Manager but excludes all Marketable securities and idle funds investments. Main Street's LMM portfolio investments principally consist of secured debt, equity warrants and direct equity investments in privately held, LMM companies based in the United States. Main Street's Middle Market portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in interest-bearing debt securities in companies based in the United States that are generally larger in size than the companies included in Main Street's LMM portfolio. Main Street's Other Portfolio investments primarily consist of investments which are not consistent with the typical profiles for our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments which may be managed by third parties. In our Other Portfolio, we may incur indirect fees and expenses in connection with investments managed by third parties, such as investments in other investment companies or private funds.
Debt Investments
Historically, we have made LMM debt investments principally in the form of single tranche debt. Single tranche debt financing involves issuing one debt security that blends the risk and return profiles of both first lien secured and subordinated debt. We believe that single tranche debt is more appropriate for many LMM companies given their size in order to reduce structural complexity and potential conflicts among creditors.
Our LMM debt investments generally have terms of three to seven years, with limited required amortization prior to maturity, and provide for monthly or quarterly payment of interest at fixed interest rates generally between 12% and 14% per annum, payable currently in cash. In some instances, we have provided floating interest rates for a portion of a single tranche debt security. In addition, certain LMM debt investments may have a form of interest that is not paid currently but is accrued and added to the loan balance and paid at maturity. We refer to this as payment-in-kind, or PIK, interest. We typically structure our LMM debt investments with the maximum seniority and collateral that we can reasonably obtain while seeking to achieve our total return target. In most cases, our LMM debt investment will be collateralized by a first priority lien on substantially all the assets of the portfolio company. As of December 31, 2012, 94% of our LMM debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of our LMM portfolio companies.
In addition to seeking a senior lien position in the capital structure of our LMM portfolio companies, we seek to limit the downside potential of our LMM investments by negotiating covenants that are designed to protect our LMM investments while affording our portfolio companies as much flexibility in managing their businesses as is reasonable. Such restrictions may include affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protection, change of control or change of management provisions, key-man life insurance, guarantees, equity pledges, personal guaranties, where appropriate, and put rights. In addition, we typically seek board representation or observation rights in all of our LMM portfolio companies.
While we will continue to focus our LMM investments primarily on single tranche debt investments, we also anticipate structuring some of our debt investments as mezzanine loans. We anticipate that these mezzanine loans will be primarily junior secured or unsecured, subordinated loans that provide for relatively high fixed interest rates payable currently in cash that will provide us with significant interest income plus the additional opportunity for income and gains through PIK interest and equity warrants and other similar equity instruments issued in conjunction with these mezzanine loans. These loans typically will have interest-only payments in the early years, with amortization of principal deferred to the later years of the mezzanine loan term. Typically, our mezzanine loans will have maturities of three to five years. We will generally target fixed interest rates of 12% to 14%, payable currently in cash for our mezzanine loan investments with higher targeted total returns from equity warrants or PIK interest.
In addition to our LMM debt investment strategy, we pursue debt investments in Middle Market companies. Our Middle Market portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in
interest-bearing debt securities in companies based in the United States that are generally larger in size than the companies included in our LMM portfolio. Our Middle Market portfolio debt investments are generally secured by either a first or second priority lien on the assets of the company and typically have a term of between three and five years. The debt investments in our Middle Market portfolio have rights and protections that are similar to those in our LMM debt investments that are designed to protect our Middle Market debt investments, and which may include affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protection, change of control provisions, guarantees, and equity pledges. The Middle Market debt investments generally have floating interest rates at LIBOR plus a premium and subject to LIBOR floors. As of December 31, 2012, almost all of our Middle Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments, with approximately 99% of these investments at cost secured by portfolio company assets and approximately 92% of such debt investments at cost secured by first priority liens.
Warrants
In connection with our LMM debt investments, we have historically received equity warrants to establish or increase our equity interest in the LMM portfolio company. Warrants we receive in connection with a LMM debt investment typically require only a nominal cost to exercise, and thus, as a LMM portfolio company appreciates in value, we may achieve additional investment return from this equity interest. We typically structure the warrants to provide provisions protecting our rights as a minority-interest holder, as well as secured or unsecured put rights, or rights to sell such securities back to the LMM portfolio company, upon the occurrence of specified events. In certain cases, we also may obtain registration rights in connection with these equity interests, which may include demand and "piggyback" registration rights.
Direct Equity Investments
We also will seek to make direct equity investments in situations where it is appropriate to align our interests with key management and stockholders of our LMM portfolio companies, and to allow for some participation in the appreciation in the equity values of our LMM portfolio companies. We usually make our direct equity investments in connection with debt investments. In addition, we may have both equity warrants and direct equity positions in some of our LMM portfolio companies. We seek to maintain fully diluted equity positions in our LMM portfolio companies of 5% to 50%, and may have controlling equity interests in some instances. We have a value orientation toward our direct equity investments and have traditionally been able to purchase our equity investments at reasonable valuations.
INVESTMENT PROCESS
Our investment committee is responsible for all aspects of our LMM investment process. The current members of our investment committee are Vincent D. Foster, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Todd A. Reppert, our Executive Vice Chairman, and David Magdol, our Chief Investment Officer and Senior Managing Director.
Our credit committee is responsible for all aspects of our Middle Market portfolio investment process. The current members of our credit committee are Messrs. Foster, Reppert and Curtis Hartman, our Chief Credit Officer and Senior Managing Director.
Our investment strategy involves a "team" approach, whereby potential transactions are screened by several members of our investment team before being presented to the investment committee or the credit committee, as applicable. Our investment committee and credit committee each meet on an as needed basis depending on transaction volume. We generally categorize our investment process into seven distinct stages:
Deal Generation/Origination
Deal generation and origination is maximized through long-standing and extensive relationships with industry contacts, brokers, commercial and investment bankers, entrepreneurs, service providers such as lawyers, financial advisors, accountants and current and former portfolio companies and investors. Our investment team has focused its deal generation and origination efforts on LMM and Middle Market companies. We have developed a reputation as a knowledgeable, reliable and active source of capital and assistance in these markets.
Screening
During the screening process, if a transaction initially meets our investment criteria, we will perform preliminary due diligence, taking into consideration some or all of the following information:
•a comprehensive financial model based on quantitative analysis of historical financial performance, projections and pro forma adjustments to determine the estimated internal rate of return;
•a brief industry and market analysis;
•direct industry expertise imported from other portfolio companies or investors;
•preliminary qualitative analysis of the management team's competencies and backgrounds;
•potential investment structures and pricing terms; and
•regulatory compliance.
Upon successful screening of a proposed LMM transaction, the investment team makes a recommendation to our investment committee. If our investment committee concurs with moving forward on the proposed LMM transaction, we typically issue a non-binding term sheet to the company. For Middle Market portfolio investments, the initial term sheet is typically issued by the borrower, and is screened by the investment team which makes a recommendation to our credit committee.
Term Sheet
For proposed LMM transactions, the non-binding term sheet will include the key economic terms based upon our analysis performed during the screening process as well as a proposed timeline and our qualitative expectation for the transaction. While the term sheet for LMM investments is non-binding we typically receive an expense deposit in order to move the transaction to the due diligence phase. Upon execution of a term sheet we begin our formal due diligence process.
For proposed Middle Market transactions, the initial term sheet will include key economic terms and other conditions proposed by the borrower and its representatives and the proposed timeline for the investment, which are reviewed by our investment team to determine if such terms and conditions are in agreement with Main Street's investment objectives.
Due Diligence
Due diligence on a proposed LMM investment is performed by a minimum of two of our investment professionals, whom we refer to collectively as the investment team, and certain external resources, who together conduct due diligence to understand the relationships among the prospective portfolio company's business plan, operations and financial performance. Our LMM due diligence review includes some or all of the following:
•site visits with management and key personnel;
•detailed review of historical and projected financial statements;
•operational reviews and analysis;
•interviews with customers and suppliers;
•detailed evaluation of company management, including background checks;
•review of material contracts;
•in-depth industry, market, and strategy analysis;
•regulatory compliance analysis; and
•review by legal, environmental or other consultants, if applicable.
Due diligence on a proposed Middle Market investment is generally performed on materials and information obtained from certain external resources and assessed internally by a minimum of two of our investment professionals, who work to understand the relationships among the prospective portfolio company's business plan, operations and financial performance using the accumulated due diligence information. Our Middle Market due diligence review includes some or all of the following:
•detailed review of historical and projected financial statements;
•in-depth industry, market, operational and strategy analysis;
•regulatory compliance analysis; and
•detailed review of the company's management team and their capabilities.
During the due diligence process, significant attention is given to sensitivity analyses and how the company might be expected to perform given downside, base-case and upside scenarios. In certain cases, we may decide not to make an investment based on the results of the diligence process.
Document and Close
Upon completion of a satisfactory due diligence review of a proposed LMM portfolio investment, the investment team presents the findings and a recommendation to our investment committee. The presentation contains information which can include, but is not limited to, the following:
•company history and overview;
•transaction overview, history and rationale, including an analysis of transaction strengths and risks;
•analysis of key customers and suppliers and key contracts;
•a working capital analysis;
•an analysis of the company's business strategy;
•a management and key equity investor background check and assessment;
•third-party accounting, legal, environmental or other due diligence findings;
•investment structure and expected returns;
•anticipated sources of repayment and potential exit strategies;
•pro forma capitalization and ownership;
•an analysis of historical financial results and key financial ratios;
•sensitivities to management's financial projections;
•regulatory compliance analysis findings; and
•detailed reconciliations of historical to pro forma results.
Upon completion of a satisfactory due diligence review of a proposed Middle Market portfolio investment, the investment team presents the findings and a recommendation to our credit committee. The presentation contains information which can include, but is not limited to, the following:
•company history and overview;
•transaction overview, history and rationale, including an analysis of transaction strengths and risks;
•analysis of key customers and suppliers;
•an analysis of the company's business strategy;
•investment structure and expected returns;
•anticipated sources of repayment and potential exit strategies;
•pro forma capitalization and ownership;
•regulatory compliance analysis findings; and
•an analysis of historical financial results and key financial ratios.
If any adjustments to the transaction terms or structures are proposed by the investment committee or credit committee, as applicable, such changes are made and applicable analyses are updated prior to approval of the transaction. Approval for the transaction must be made by the affirmative vote from a majority of the members of the investment committee or credit committee, as applicable. Upon receipt of transaction approval, we will re-confirm regulatory compliance, process and finalize all required legal documents, and fund the investment.
Post-Investment
We continuously monitor the status and progress of the portfolio companies. We generally offer managerial assistance to our portfolio companies, giving them access to our investment experience, direct industry expertise and contacts. The same investment team that was involved in the investment process will continue its involvement in the portfolio company post-investment. This provides for continuity of knowledge and allows the investment team to maintain a strong business relationship with key management of our portfolio companies for post-investment assistance and monitoring purposes. As part of the monitoring process of LMM portfolio investments, the investment team will analyze monthly and quarterly financial statements versus the previous periods and year, review financial projections, meet and discuss issues or opportunities with management, attend board meetings and review all compliance certificates and covenants. While we maintain limited involvement in the ordinary course operations of our LMM portfolio companies, we maintain a higher level of involvement in non-ordinary course financing or strategic activities and any non-performing scenarios. We also monitor the performance of our Middle Market portfolio investments; however, due to the larger size and higher sophistication level of these Middle Market companies in comparison to our LMM portfolio companies, it is not necessary or practical to have as much direct management interface.
We utilize an internally developed investment rating system to rate the performance of each LMM portfolio company and to monitor our expected level of returns on each of our LMM investments in relation to our expectations for the portfolio company. The investment rating system takes into consideration various factors, including but not limited to each investment's expected level of returns and the collectability of our debt investments, comparisons to competitors and other industry participants and the portfolio company's future outlook.
•Investment Rating 1 represents a portfolio company that is performing in a manner which significantly exceeds expectations;
•Investment Rating 2 represents a portfolio company that, in general, is performing above expectations;
•Investment Rating 3 represents a portfolio company that is generally performing in accordance with expectations;
•Investment Rating 4 represents a portfolio company that is underperforming expectations. Investments with such a rating require increased Main Street monitoring and scrutiny; and
•Investment Rating 5 represents a portfolio company that is significantly underperforming. Investments with such a rating require heightened levels of monitoring and scrutiny by us and involve the recognition of significant unrealized depreciation on such investment.
All new LMM portfolio investments receive an initial 3 rating.
The following table shows the distribution of our LMM portfolio investments on the 1 to 5 investment rating scale at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Based upon our investment rating system, the weighted average rating of our LMM portfolio as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately 2.1 and 2.2, respectively.
For the total investment portfolio, as of December 31, 2012, we had no investments with positive fair value on non-accrual status and one fully impaired investment which comprised approximately 0.2% of the total portfolio investments at cost on non-accrual status, in each case excluding the investment in the affiliated Investment Manager. As of December 31, 2011, we had one investment with positive fair value on non-accrual status, which comprised less than 0.1% of the total portfolio investments at fair value and, together with another fully impaired investment, comprised approximately 0.9% of the total portfolio investments at cost, in each case excluding the investment in the affiliated Investment Manager.
Exit Strategies/Refinancing
While we generally exit most investments through the refinancing or repayment of our debt and redemption of our equity positions, we typically assist our LMM portfolio companies in developing and planning exit opportunities, including any sale or merger of our portfolio companies. We may also assist in the structure, timing, execution and transition of the exit strategy. The refinancing or repayment of Middle Market debt investments typically does not require our assistance due to the additional resources available to these larger, Middle Market companies.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND PORTFOLIO VALUATION PROCESS
We determine the net asset value per share of our common stock on a quarterly basis. The net asset value per share is equal to our total assets minus liabilities and any noncontrolling interests outstanding divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding.
We account for our LMM portfolio investments, Middle Market portfolio investments, Other Portfolio investments and investment in the Investment Manager at fair value. As a result, we follow the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("Codification" or "ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASC 820 requires us to assume that the portfolio investment is to be sold in the principal market to independent market participants, which may be a hypothetical market. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact.
Our business strategy calls for us to invest primarily in illiquid securities issued by private, LMM companies and debt securities issued by Middle Market companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies. Our portfolio also includes Other Portfolio investments which primarily consist of investments which are not consistent with the typical profiles for our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments which may be managed by third parties. All of our portfolio investments
may be subject to restrictions on resale. LMM investments and Other Portfolio investments generally have no established trading market while Middle Market securities generally have established markets that are not active. We determine in good faith the fair value of our portfolio investments pursuant to a valuation policy in accordance with ASC 820 and a valuation process approved by our Board of Directors and in accordance with the 1940 Act. For LMM investments, we review external events, including private mergers, sales and acquisitions involving comparable companies, and include these events in the valuation process. For Middle Market portfolio debt and Other Portfolio debt investments, we primarily use observable inputs such as quoted prices in the valuation process. For Other Portfolio equity investments we generally value such investments based on the fair value of the portfolio company as determined by independent third parties, and based on our proportional ownership in the portfolio company, as well as the financial position and assessed risk of each of these portfolio investments. Our valuation policy and process is intended to provide a consistent basis for determining the fair value of the portfolio.
For valuation purposes, "control" LMM portfolio investments are composed of debt and equity securities in companies for which we have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Market quotations are generally not readily available for our control LMM portfolio investments. As a result, for control LMM portfolio investments, we determine the fair value using a combination of market and income approaches. Under the market approach, we will typically use the enterprise value methodology to determine the fair value of these investments. The enterprise value is the fair value at which an enterprise could be sold in a transaction between two willing parties, other than through a forced or liquidation sale. Typically, private companies are bought and sold based on multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, cash flows, net income, revenues, or in limited cases, book value. There is no single methodology for estimating enterprise value. For any one portfolio company, enterprise value is generally described as a range of values from which a single estimate of enterprise value is derived. In estimating the enterprise value of a portfolio company, we analyze various factors, including the portfolio company's historical and projected financial results. We allocate the enterprise value to investments in order of the legal priority of the various components of the portfolio company's capital structure. We will also use the income approach to determine the fair value of these securities, based on projections of the discounted future free cash flows that the portfolio company or the debt security will likely generate, and which includes using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position and credit risk of each of these portfolio investments. The valuation approaches for our control LMM portfolio investments estimate the value of the investment if we were to sell, or exit, the investment. In addition, these valuation approaches consider the value associated with our ability to control the capital structure of the portfolio company, as well as the timing of a potential exit.
For valuation purposes, "non-control" LMM portfolio investments are composed of debt and equity securities in companies for which we do not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company, or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Market quotations are generally not readily available for non-control LMM portfolio investments. For our non-control LMM investments, we use a combination of the market and income approaches to value our equity investments and the income approach to value our debt investments similar to the approaches used for our control LMM portfolio investments, and which includes using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position and credit risk of each of these portfolio investments. Our estimate of the expected repayment date of a LMM debt security is generally the legal maturity date of the instrument, as we generally intend to hold our LMM loans and debt securities to maturity. The yield-to-maturity analysis considers changes in leverage levels, credit quality, portfolio company performance and other factors. We will use the value determined by the yield-to-maturity analysis as the fair value for that security; however, because of our general intent to hold our loans to maturity, the fair value will not exceed the face amount of the LMM debt security. A change in the assumptions that we use to estimate the fair value of our LMM debt securities using the yield-to-maturity analysis could have a material impact on the determination of fair value. If there is deterioration in credit quality or if a LMM debt security is in workout status, we may consider other factors
in determining the fair value of the LMM debt security, including the value attributable to the debt security from the enterprise value of the portfolio company or the proceeds that would most likely be received in a liquidation analysis.
Pursuant to our internal valuation process and the requirements under the 1940 Act, we perform valuation procedures on our investments in each LMM portfolio company once a quarter. In addition to our internal valuation process, in arriving at estimates of fair value for our investments in LMM portfolio companies, we, among other things, consult with a nationally recognized independent advisor. The nationally recognized independent advisor is generally consulted relative to our investments in each LMM portfolio company at least once in every calendar year, and for our investments in new LMM portfolio companies, at least once in the twelve-month period subsequent to the initial investment. In certain instances, we may determine that it is not cost-effective, and as a result is not in our stockholders' best interest, to consult with the nationally recognized independent advisor on our investments in one or more LMM portfolio companies. Such instances include, but are not limited to, situations where the fair value of our investment in a LMM portfolio company is determined to be insignificant relative to the total investment portfolio. We consulted with our independent advisor in arriving at our determination of fair value on our investments in a total of 47 LMM portfolio companies for the year ended December 31, 2012, representing approximately 80% of the total LMM portfolio and investment in the affiliated Investment Manager at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and on a total of 42 portfolio companies, including 41 LMM portfolio companies and our affiliated Investment Manager, for the year ended December 31, 2011, representing approximately 81% of the total LMM portfolio and investment in the affiliated Investment Manager at fair value as of December 31, 2011.
For valuation purposes, all of our Middle Market portfolio investments are non-control investments for which we do not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company, or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. We primarily use observable inputs to determine the fair value of these investments through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing. For Middle Market portfolio investments for which sufficient observable inputs are not available to determine fair value, we use a combination of observable inputs through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing and an approach that is similar to the income approach using a yield-to-maturity model used to value our LMM portfolio debt investments.
For valuation purposes, all of our Other Portfolio investments are non-control investments for which we generally do not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company, or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Similar to the LMM investment portfolio, market quotations for Other Portfolio equity investments are generally not readily available. We value our Other Portfolio equity investments based on the fair value of the portfolio company as determined by independent third parties and based on our proportional ownership in the portfolio company, as well as the financial position and assessed risk of each of these portfolio investments. For Other Portfolio debt investments with observable inputs, we determine the fair value of these investments through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing. To the extent observable inputs are not available for our Other Portfolio debt investments, we value these Other Portfolio debt investments through an approach similar to the income approach using a yield-to-maturity model used to value our non-control LMM portfolio debt investments.
Due to the inherent uncertainty in the valuation process, our determination of fair value for our portfolio investments may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed. In addition, changes in the market environment, portfolio company performance and other events that may occur over the lives of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be materially different than the valuations currently assigned. We determine the fair value of each individual investment and record changes in fair value as unrealized appreciation or depreciation.
As described below, we undertake a multi-step valuation process each quarter in connection with determining the fair value of our investments, with our Board of Directors having final responsibility for
overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, our determination of the fair value of each individual investment.
•Our quarterly valuation process begins with each LMM portfolio company or investment being initially valued by the investment team responsible for the portfolio investment;
•The fair value determination for our Middle Market and Other Portfolio debt investments generally consists of observable inputs which are initially reviewed by the investment professionals responsible for the portfolio investment;
•Preliminary valuation conclusions are then reviewed by and discussed with senior management, and the investment team considers and assesses, as appropriate, any changes that may be required to the preliminary valuations to address any comments provided by senior management;
•As described above, a nationally recognized independent advisor engaged by the Board of Directors performs certain mutually agreed limited procedures that we and the Board of Directors have identified and asked them to perform on a selection of management's LMM portfolio company valuation conclusions;
•The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors reviews management's valuations, and the investment team and senior management consider and assess, as appropriate, any changes that may be required to management's valuations to address any comments provided by the Audit Committee; and
•The Board of Directors assesses the valuations and ultimately approves the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith.
Determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates. The notes to our financial statements will refer to the uncertainty with respect to the possible effect of such valuations, and any change in such valuations, on our financial statements.
COMPETITION
We compete for investments with a number of investment funds (including private equity funds, mezzanine funds, BDCs, and SBICs), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of financing. Many of the entities that compete with us have greater financial and managerial resources. We believe we are able to be competitive with these entities primarily on the basis of our focus toward the underserved LMM, the experience and contacts of our management team, our responsive and efficient investment analysis and decision-making processes, our comprehensive suite of customized financing solutions and the investment terms we offer.
We believe that some of our competitors make senior secured loans, junior secured loans and subordinated debt investments with interest rates and returns that are comparable to or lower than the rates and returns that we target. Therefore, we do not seek to compete primarily on the interest rates and returns that we offer to potential portfolio companies. For additional information concerning the competitive risks we face, see "Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business and Structure - We may face increasing competition for investment opportunities."
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2012, we had 30 employees, each of whom was employed by the Investment Manager. These employees include investment and portfolio management professionals, operations professionals and administrative staff. As necessary, we will hire additional investment professionals and administrative personnel. All of our employees are located in our Houston, Texas office.
REGULATION
Regulation as a Business Development Company
We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to transactions between BDCs and their affiliates, principal underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. The 1940 Act requires that a majority of the members of the board of directors of a BDC be persons other than "interested persons," as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. In addition, the 1940 Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities.
The 1940 Act defines "a majority of the outstanding voting securities" as the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities.
Qualifying Assets
Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the company's total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our business are any of the following:
(1)Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company (as defined below), or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC.
(2)Securities of any eligible portfolio company that we control.
(3)Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements.
(4)Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and we already own 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company.
(5)Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described in (1) through (4) above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.
(6)Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.
In addition, a BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in (1), (2) or (3) above.
An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which:
(a)is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;
(b)is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the BDC) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and
(c)satisfies any of the following:
(i)does not have any class of securities that is traded on a national securities exchange or has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange but has an aggregate market value of outstanding voting and non-voting common equity of less than $250 million;
(ii)is controlled by a BDC or a group of companies including a BDC and the BDC has an affiliated person who is a director of the eligible portfolio company; or
(iii)is a small and solvent company having total assets of not more than $4 million and capital and surplus of not less than $2 million.
Managerial Assistance to Portfolio Companies
In order to count portfolio securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test, we must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities (other than small and solvent companies described above) significant managerial assistance; except that, where we purchase such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, one of the other persons in the group may make available such managerial assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
Temporary Investments
Pending investment in "qualifying assets," as described above, our investments may consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from time of investment therein, so that 70% of our assets are qualifying assets.
Senior Securities
We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of debt and one class of stock senior to our common stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least equal to 200% of all debt and/or senior stock immediately after each such issuance. In addition, while any senior securities remain outstanding (other than senior securities representing indebtedness issued in consideration of a privately arranged loan which is not intended to be publicly distributed), we must make provisions to prohibit any distribution to our stockholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the distribution or repurchase. We may also borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or emergency purposes without regard to asset coverage. For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see "Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure," including, without limitation, "- Because we borrow money, the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us is magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us."
In January 2008, we received an exemptive order from the SEC to exclude debt securities issued by MSMF and any other wholly owned subsidiaries of ours which operate as SBICs from the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act as applicable to Main Street. The exemptive order provides for the exclusion of all debt securities issued by the Funds, including the $225 million of currently outstanding debt related to their participation in the SBIC program. This exemptive order provides us with expanded capacity and flexibility in obtaining future sources of capital for our investment and operational objectives.
Common Stock
We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, sell our common stock, warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the current net asset value of the common stock if our board of directors determines that such sale is in our best interests and that of our stockholders, and our stockholders approve such sale. In any such case,
the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price which, in the determination of our board of directors, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). A proposal, approved by our stockholders at our June 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, authorizes us to sell shares of our common stock below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock in one or more offerings for the period ending on the earlier of (i) June 14, 2013, the one year anniversary of our 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) the date of our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders. We would need similar future approval from our stockholders to issue shares below the then current net asset value per share any time after the expiration of the current approval. We do not currently expect to seek such approval at our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders because our common stock price per share has been trading significantly above the current net asset value per share of our common stock. On June 17, 2008, our stockholders approved another proposal that authorizes us to issue securities to subscribe to, convert to, or purchase shares of our common stock in one or more offerings. We may also make rights offerings to our stockholders at prices per share less than the net asset value per share, subject to applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. See "Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure - Stockholders may incur dilution if we sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings at prices below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock."
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to the code may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code's requirements. You may read and copy the code of ethics at the SEC's Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the code of ethics is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website site at http://www.sec.gov.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
We vote proxies relating to our portfolio securities in a manner in which we believe is consistent with the best interest of our stockholders. We review on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted to a stockholder vote to determine its impact on the portfolio securities held by us. Although we generally vote against proposals that we expect would have a negative impact on our portfolio securities, we may vote for such a proposal if there exists compelling long-term reasons to do so.
Our proxy voting decisions are made by the investment team which is responsible for monitoring each of our investments. To ensure that our vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, we require that: (i) anyone involved in the decision-making process to disclose to our chief compliance officer any potential conflict of which he or she is aware and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote and (ii) employees involved in the decision making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties.
Stockholders may obtain information, without charge, regarding how we voted proxies with respect to our portfolio securities by making a written request for proxy voting information to: Chief Compliance Officer, 1300 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 800, Houston, Texas 77056.
Other 1940 Act Regulations
We may also be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Board of Directors who are not interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the SEC.
We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to us or our stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person's office.
We are required to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws, review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation, and to designate a chief compliance officer to be responsible for administering the policies and procedures.
We may be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act.
Small Business Investment Company Regulations
Each of the Funds is licensed by the SBA to operate as a SBIC under Section 301(c) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958. As a part of the Formation Transactions, MSMF became a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCC, and continues to hold its SBIC license. MSMF initially obtained its SBIC license in September 2002. As a part of the Exchange Offer Transactions, MSC II became a majority owned subsidiary of MSCC, and, as a part of the Final MSC II Exchange, MSC II became a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCC, and continues to hold the license it obtained in 2006.
SBICs are designed to stimulate the flow of private equity capital to eligible small businesses. Under SBIC regulations, SBICs may make loans to eligible small businesses, invest in the equity securities of such businesses and provide them with consulting and advisory services. Each of the Funds has typically invested in secured debt, acquired warrants and/or made equity investments in qualifying small businesses.
Under present SBIC regulations, eligible small businesses generally include businesses that (together with their affiliates) have a tangible net worth not exceeding $18 million and have average annual net income after federal income taxes not exceeding $6 million (average net income to be computed without benefit of any carryover loss) for the two most recent fiscal years. In addition, an SBIC must devote 25% of its investment activity to "smaller" concerns as defined by the SBA. A smaller concern generally includes businesses that have a tangible net worth not exceeding $6 million and have average annual net income after federal income taxes not exceeding $2 million (average net income to be computed without benefit of any net carryover loss) for the two most recent fiscal years. SBIC regulations also provide alternative size standard criteria to determine eligibility for designation as an eligible small business or smaller concern, which criteria depend on the primary industry in which the business is engaged and are based on such factors as the number of employees and gross revenue. However, once an SBIC has invested in a company, it may continue to make follow on investments in the company, regardless of the size of the portfolio company at the time of the follow on investment, up to the time of the portfolio company's initial public offering.
The SBA prohibits an SBIC from providing funds to small businesses for certain purposes, such as relending and investment outside the United States, to businesses engaged in a few prohibited industries, and to certain "passive" (non-operating) companies. In addition, without prior SBA approval, an SBIC may not invest an amount equal to more than approximately 30% of the SBIC's regulatory capital in any one portfolio company and its affiliates.
The SBA places certain limitations on the financing terms of investments by SBICs in portfolio companies (such as limiting the permissible interest rate on debt securities held by an SBIC in a portfolio company). Included in such limitations are SBA regulations which allow an SBIC to exercise control over a small business for a period of seven years from the date on which the SBIC initially acquires its control position. This control period may be extended for an additional period of time with the SBA's prior written approval.
The SBA restricts the ability of an SBIC to lend money to any of its officers, directors and employees or to invest in affiliates thereof. The SBA also prohibits, without prior SBA approval, a "change of control" of an SBIC or transfers that would result in any person (or a group of persons acting in concert) owning 10% or
more of a class of equity of a licensed SBIC. A "change of control" is any event which would result in the transfer of the power, direct or indirect, to direct the management and policies of an SBIC, whether through ownership, contractual arrangements or otherwise.
An SBIC may generally have outstanding debentures guaranteed by the SBA in amounts up to twice the amount of the privately-raised funds of the SBIC(s). Debentures guaranteed by the SBA have a maturity of ten years, require semi-annual payments of interest, do not require any principal payments prior to maturity, and are not subject to prepayment penalties. As of December 31, 2012, we, through the Funds, had $225 million of outstanding SBA-guaranteed debentures, which had an annual weighted average interest rate of approximately 4.7%.
SBICs must invest idle funds that are not being used to make loans in investments permitted under SBIC regulations in the following limited types of securities: (i) direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States government, which mature within 15 months from the date of the investment; (ii) repurchase agreements with federally insured institutions with a maturity of seven days or less (and the securities underlying the repurchase obligations must be direct obligations of or guaranteed by the federal government); (iii) certificates of deposit with a maturity of one year or less, issued by a federally insured institution; (iv) a deposit account in a federally insured institution that is subject to a withdrawal restriction of one year or less; (v) a checking account in a federally insured institution; or (vi) a reasonable petty cash fund.
SBICs are periodically examined and audited by the SBA's staff to determine their compliance with SBIC regulations and are periodically required to file certain financial information and other documents with the SBA.
Neither the SBA nor the U.S. government or any of its agencies or officers has approved any ownership interest to be issued by us or any obligation that we or any of our subsidiaries may incur.
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Sarbanes-Oxley Act Compliance
We are subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), including the filing of quarterly, annual and current reports, proxy statements and other required items. In addition, we are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which imposes a wide variety of regulatory requirements on publicly-held companies and their insiders. For example:
•pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are required to certify the accuracy of the financial statements contained in our periodic reports;
•pursuant to Item 307 of Regulation S-K, our periodic reports are required to disclose our conclusions about the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures;
•pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act, our management is required to prepare a report regarding its assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, and our independent registered public accounting firm separately audits our internal control over financial reporting; and
•pursuant to Item 308 of Regulation S-K and Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act, our periodic reports must disclose whether there were significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. The New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Regulations
The New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") has adopted corporate governance regulations that listed companies must comply with. We believe we are in compliance with such corporate governance listing standards. We intend to monitor our compliance with all future listing standards and to take all necessary actions to ensure that we stay in compliance.
Investment Adviser Regulations
We and the Investment Manager, which is wholly owned by us and employs all of our executive officers, investment professionals and other employees, are also subject to regulation under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act"). The Advisers Act establishes, among other things, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, disclosure requirements, limitations on transactions between the adviser's account and an advisory client's account, limitations on transactions between the accounts of advisory clients, and general anti-fraud prohibitions. We and the Investment Manager will also be examined by the SEC from time to time for compliance with the Advisers Act.
Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
MSCC has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") commencing October 2, 2007. As a RIC, we generally do not have to pay corporate level federal income taxes on any income that we distribute to our stockholders as dividends. To qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements (as described below). In addition, in order to obtain RIC tax treatment, we must distribute to our stockholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of our "investment company taxable income," which is generally our net ordinary income plus the excess of realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses (the "Annual Distribution Requirement").
For any taxable year in which we qualify as a RIC and satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, we will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of our income or capital gains we distribute (or are deemed to distribute) to stockholders. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to our stockholders.
We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our net ordinary income for each calendar year, (2) 98.2% of our capital gain net income for the one-year period ending December 31 in that calendar year and (3) any income recognized, but not distributed, in preceding years (the "Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement"). Dividends declared and paid by us in a year will generally differ from taxable income for that year as such dividends may include the distribution of current year taxable income, exclude amounts carried over into the following year, and include the distribution of prior year taxable income carried over into and distributed in the current year. For amounts we carry over into the following year, we will be required to pay the 4% excise tax based on 98% of our annual taxable income and 98.2% of our capital gain net income in excess of distributions for the year.
In order to qualify as a RIC for federal income tax purposes, we must, among other things:
•continue to qualify as a BDC under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year;
•derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities, loans, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain "qualified publicly traded partnerships," or other income derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock or securities (the "90% Income Test"); and
•diversify our holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year:
•at least 50% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of our assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and
•no more than 25% of the value of our assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, (i) of one issuer, (ii) of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same
or similar or related trades or businesses or (iii) of certain "qualified publicly traded partnerships" (collectively, the "Diversification Tests").
In order to comply with the 90% Income Test, we formed the Taxable Subsidiaries as wholly owned taxable subsidiaries, for the primary purpose of permitting us to own equity interests in portfolio companies which are "pass through" entities for tax purposes. Absent the taxable status of the Taxable Subsidiaries, a portion of the gross income from such portfolio companies would flow directly to us for purposes of the 90% Income Test. To the extent such income did not consist of income derived from securities, such as dividends and interest, it could jeopardize our ability to qualify as a RIC and, therefore cause us to incur significant federal income taxes. The Taxable Subsidiaries are consolidated with Main Street for GAAP purposes, and the portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries are included in our consolidated financial statements. The Taxable Subsidiaries are not consolidated with Main Street for income tax purposes and may generate income tax expense as a result of their ownership of the portfolio investments. This income tax expense, if any, is reflected in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as debt instruments issued with warrants) and debt securities invested in at a discount to par, we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash such as PIK interest, cumulative dividends or amounts that are received in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our stockholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount.
Although we do not presently expect to do so, we are authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our stockholders in certain circumstances while our debt obligations and other senior securities are outstanding unless certain "asset coverage" tests are met. See "- Regulation - Regulation as a Business Development Company - Senior Securities." Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by (1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio and/or (2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in part in our stock. Under certain applicable provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations, distributions payable by us in cash or in shares of stock (at the stockholders election) would satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement. The Internal Revenue Service has issued private rulings indicating that this rule will apply even where the total amount of cash that may be distributed is limited to no more than 20% of the total distribution. Under these rulings, if too many stockholders elect to receive their distributions in cash, each such stockholder would receive a pro rata share of the total cash to be distributed and would receive the remainder of their distribution in shares of stock. Any distributions made consistent with these rulings that are payable in part in our stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend (whether received in cash, our stock, or a combination thereof) as (i) ordinary income (including any qualified dividend income that, in the case of a noncorporate stockholder, may be eligible for the same reduced maximum tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains to the extent such distribution is properly reported by us as qualified dividend income and such stockholder satisfies certain minimum holding period requirements with respect to our stock) or (ii) long-term capital gain (to the extent such distribution is properly reported as a capital gain dividend), to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for United States federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives in order to pay this
tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our stock.
Failure to Qualify as a RIC
If we fail to satisfy the 90% Income Test or the Diversification Tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless continue to qualify as a RIC for such year if certain relief provisions are applicable (which may, among other things, require us to pay certain corporate-level federal taxes or to dispose of certain assets).
If we were unable to qualify for treatment as a RIC and the foregoing relief provisions are not applicable, we would be subject to tax on all of our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We would not be able to deduct distributions to stockholders, nor would they be required to be made. Such distributions would be taxable to our stockholders and, provided certain holding period and other requirements were met, could qualify for treatment as "qualified dividend income" eligible for the 15% (or effective as of January 1, 2013, 20%) rate applicable to qualified dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, corporate distributions would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the stockholder's tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. To requalify as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, we would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and dispose of any earnings and profits from any year in which we failed to qualify as a RIC. Subject to a limited exception applicable to RICs that qualified as such under Subchapter M of the Code for at least one year prior to disqualification and that requalify as a RIC no later than the second year following the nonqualifying year, we could be subject to tax on any unrealized net built-in gains in the assets held by us during the period in which we failed to qualify as a RIC that are recognized within the subsequent 10 years, unless we made a special election to pay corporate-level tax on such built-in gain at the time of our requalification as a RIC.
Item 1A.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves a number of significant risks. In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should consider carefully the following information before making an investment in our securities. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us might also impair our operations and performance. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, our net asset value and the trading price of our common stock or the value of our other securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
RISKS RELATING TO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Deterioration in the economy and financial markets increases the likelihood of adverse effects on our financial position and results of operations. Such economic adversity could impair our portfolio companies' financial positions and operating results and affect the industries in which we invest, which could, in turn, harm our operating results.
The broader fundamentals of the United States economy remain mixed, and unemployment remains elevated. In the event that the United States economy contracts, it is likely that the financial results of small- to mid-sized companies, like those in which we invest, could experience deterioration or limited growth from current levels, which could ultimately lead to difficulty in meeting their debt service requirements and an increase in defaults. Consequently, we can provide no assurance that the performance of certain portfolio companies will not be negatively impacted by economic cycles or other conditions, which could also have a negative impact on our future results.
Although we have been able to secure access to additional liquidity, including through the Credit Facility, periodic follow-on equity offerings and the leverage available through the SBIC program, the potential for volatility in the debt and equity capital markets provides no assurance that debt or equity capital will be available to us in the future on favorable terms, or at all. Further, if the price of our common stock falls below our net asset value per share, we will be limited in our ability to sell new shares if we do not have shareholder authorization to sell shares at a price below net asset value per share. We do not intend to seek such shareholder authorization at our 2013 stockholder meeting.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE
Our investment portfolio is and will continue to be recorded at fair value, with our Board of Directors having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, our determination of fair value and, as a result, there is and will continue to be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined by us with our Board of Directors having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, our determination of fair value. Typically, there is not a public market for the securities of the privately held LMM companies in which we have invested and will generally continue to invest. As a result, we value these securities quarterly at fair value based on inputs from management, a nationally recognized independent advisor (on a rotational basis) and our audit committee with the oversight, review and approval of our Board of Directors. In addition, the market for Middle Market portfolio investments is generally not a liquid market, and therefore, we primarily use observable inputs to determine the fair value of these investments quarterly through obtaining third party quotes and other independent pricing, which are reviewed by our audit committee with the oversight, review and approval of our Board of Directors. See "Business - Determination of Net Asset Value and Portfolio Valuation Process" for a more detailed description of our valuation process.
The determination of fair value and consequently, the amount of unrealized gains and losses in our portfolio, are to a certain degree, subjective and dependent on a valuation process approved by our Board of Directors. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of our investments include external events, such as private mergers, sales and acquisitions involving comparable companies. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our net asset value on a given date to materially understate or overstate the value that we may ultimately realize on one or more of our investments. As a result, investors purchasing our securities based on an overstated net asset value would pay a higher price than the value of our investments might warrant. Conversely, investors selling our securities during a period in which the net asset value understates the value of our investments may receive a lower price for their securities than the value of our investments might warrant.
Our financial condition and results of operations depends on our ability to effectively manage and deploy capital.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective of maximizing our portfolio's total return by generating current income from our debt investments and capital appreciation from our equity and equity-related investments, including warrants, convertible securities and other rights to acquire equity securities in a portfolio company, depends on our ability to effectively manage and deploy capital, which depends, in turn, on our investment team's ability to identify, evaluate and monitor, and our ability to finance and invest in, companies that meet our investment criteria.
Accomplishing our investment objective on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of our investment team's handling of the investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services and our access to investments offering acceptable terms. In addition to monitoring the performance of our existing investments, members of our investment team are also called upon, from time to time, to provide managerial assistance to some of our portfolio companies. These demands on their time may distract them or slow the rate of investment.
Even if we are able to grow and build upon our investment operations, any failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The results of our operations will depend on many factors, including the availability of opportunities for investment, readily accessible short and long-term funding alternatives in the financial markets and economic conditions. Furthermore, if we cannot successfully operate our business or implement our investment policies and strategies as described herein, it could negatively impact our ability to pay dividends.
We may face increasing competition for investment opportunities.
We compete for investments with other investment funds (including private equity funds, mezzanine funds, BDCs, and SBICs), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than we have. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to do. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors' pricing, terms and structure. If we are forced to match our competitors' pricing, terms and structure, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant part of our competitive advantage stems from the fact that the market for investments in LMM companies is underserved by traditional commercial banks and other financing sources. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of our competitors in this target
market could force us to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of our competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC.
We are dependent upon our key investment personnel for our future success.
We depend on the members of our investment team, particularly Vincent D. Foster, Todd A. Reppert, Dwayne L. Hyzak, Curtis L. Hartman, David L. Magdol, Nicholas T. Meserve, Robert M. Shuford and Rodger A. Stout for the identification, review, final selection, structuring, closing and monitoring of our investments. These employees have significant investment expertise and relationships that we rely on to implement our business plan. Although we have entered into a non-compete agreement with Mr. Foster, we have no guarantee that he or any other employees will remain employed with us. If we lose the services of these individuals, we may not be able to operate our business as we expect, and our ability to compete could be harmed, which could cause our operating results to suffer.
Our success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel in a competitive environment.
Our growth will require that we retain new investment and administrative personnel in a competitive market. Our ability to attract and retain personnel with the requisite credentials, experience and skills depends on several factors including, but not limited to, our ability to offer competitive wages, benefits and professional growth opportunities. Many of the entities, including investment funds (such as private equity funds and mezzanine funds) and traditional financial services companies, with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have.
The competitive environment for qualified personnel may require us to take certain measures to ensure that we are able to attract and retain experienced personnel. Such measures may include increasing the attractiveness of our overall compensation packages, altering the structure of our compensation packages through the use of additional forms of compensation, or other steps. The inability to attract and retain experienced personnel would have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business model depends to a significant extent upon strong referral relationships, and our inability to maintain or develop these relationships, as well as the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business.
We expect that members of our management team will maintain their relationships with intermediaries, financial institutions, investment bankers, commercial bankers, financial advisors, attorneys, accountants, consultants and other individuals within our network, and we will rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If our management team fails to maintain its existing relationships or develop new relationships with sources of investment opportunities, we will not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom members of our management team have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
There are significant potential conflicts of interest which could impact our investment returns.
Our executive officers and employees, in their capacities as personnel of the Investment Manager, may manage other investment funds that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do. Accordingly, they may have obligations to such other entities, the fulfillment of which obligations may not be in the best interests of us or our stockholders. In May 2012, we and the Investment Manager executed an investment sub-advisory agreement with HMS Adviser, LP ("HMS Adviser"), which is the investment advisor to HMS Income Fund, Inc. ("HMS Income"), a non-publicly-traded BDC whose registration statement on Form N-2 was declared effective by the SEC in June 2012, to provide certain investment advisory services to HMS Adviser. Under the investment sub-advisory agreement, the Investment Manager is entitled to 50% of the base management fee and the incentive fees earned by HMS Adviser under its advisory agreement with HMS
Income. However, for the one-year period from the effective date of HMS Adviser's registration statement on Form N-2 through June 4, 2013, the Investment Manager has agreed to waive all such fees to the extent that distributions declared and payable by HMS Income would represent a return of capital for purposes of U.S. federal income tax. As a result, as of December 31, 2012, the Investment Manager has not received any base management fee or incentive fees under the investment sub-advisory agreement and the Investment Manager is not due any unpaid compensation for any base management fee or incentive fees under the investment sub-advisory agreement. The sub-advisory relationship requires the Investment Manager to commit resources to achieving HMS Income's investment objective, while such resources were previously solely devoted to achieving our investment objective. Our investment objective and investment strategies are very similar to those of HMS Income and it is likely that an investment appropriate for us or HMS Income would be appropriate for the other entity. As a result, the Investment Manager may face conflicts in allocating investment opportunities between us and HMS Income. Although the Investment Manager will endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, it is possible that, in the future, we may not be given the opportunity to participate in investments made by other investment funds managed by our officers or employees, such as HMS Income. In any such case, when the Investment Manager identifies an investment, it will be forced to choose which investment fund should make the investment. We have implemented an allocation policy to ensure the equitable distribution of such investment opportunities. We have applied to the SEC for exemptive relief to co-invest with HMS Income, and if the relief is granted, we intend to make such co-investments in accordance with the allocation percentage approved by the independent members of each company's board of directors.
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC will affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital.
Our business will require capital to operate and grow. We may acquire such additional capital from the following sources:
Senior Securities. We may issue debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as senior securities. As a result of issuing senior securities, we will be exposed to additional risks, including the following:
•Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are permitted, as a BDC, to issue senior securities only in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% immediately after each issuance of senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we will be prohibited from issuing debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions and may not be permitted to declare a dividend or make any distribution to stockholders or repurchase shares until such time as we satisfy this test.
•Any amounts that we use to service our debt or make payments on preferred stock will not be available for dividends to our common stockholders.
•It is likely that any senior securities or other indebtedness we issue will be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, some of these securities or other indebtedness may be rated by rating agencies, and in obtaining a rating for such securities and other indebtedness, we may be required to abide by operating and investment guidelines that further restrict operating and financial flexibility.
•We and, indirectly, our stockholders will bear the cost of issuing and servicing such securities and other indebtedness.
•Preferred stock or any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock, including separate voting rights and could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control to the detriment of the holders of our common stock.
Additional Common Stock. We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, sell our common stock, warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the current net asset value of the common stock if our Board of Directors determines that such sale is in the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders approve such sale. See "- Stockholders may incur dilution if we sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings at prices below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock" for a discussion of proposals approved by our stockholders that permit us to issue shares of our common stock below net asset value. We may also make rights offerings to our stockholders at prices per share less than the net asset value per share, subject to applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. If we raise additional funds by issuing more common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time would decrease, and they may experience dilution. Moreover, we can offer no assurance that we will be able to issue and sell additional equity securities in the future, on favorable terms or at all.
The Funds are licensed by the SBA, and therefore subject to SBA regulations.
MSMF and MSC II, our wholly owned subsidiaries, are licensed to act as SBICs and are regulated by the SBA. The SBA also places certain limitations on the financing terms of investments by SBICs in portfolio companies and prohibits SBICs from providing funds for certain purposes or to businesses in a few prohibited industries. Compliance with SBA requirements may cause the Funds to forego attractive investment opportunities that are not permitted under SBA regulations.
Further, the SBA regulations require that a licensed SBIC be periodically examined and audited by the SBA to determine its compliance with the relevant SBA regulations. The SBA prohibits, without prior SBA approval, a "change of control" of an SBIC or transfers that would result in any person (or a group of persons acting in concert) owning 10% or more of a class of capital stock of a licensed SBIC. If the Funds fail to comply with applicable SBIC regulations, the SBA could, depending on the severity of the violation, limit or prohibit their use of debentures, declare outstanding debentures immediately due and payable, and/or limit them from making new investments. In addition, the SBA can revoke or suspend a license for willful or repeated violation of, or willful or repeated failure to observe, any provision of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 or any rule or regulation promulgated thereunder. Such actions by the SBA would, in turn, negatively affect us.
Because we borrow money, the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us is magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us.
Borrowings, also known as leverage, magnify the potential for gain or loss on invested equity capital. As we use leverage to partially finance our investments, you will experience increased risks of investing in our securities. We, through the Funds, issue debt securities guaranteed by the SBA and sold in the capital markets. As a result of its guarantee of the debt securities, the SBA has fixed dollar claims on the assets of the Funds that are superior to the claims of our securities holders. We may also borrow from banks and other lenders, including under our Credit Facility, and may issue debt securities or enter into other types of borrowing arrangements in the future. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Capital Resources" for a discussion regarding our Credit Facility. If the value of our assets increases, then leveraging would cause the net asset value attributable to our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. Conversely, if the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged our business. Similarly, any increase in our income in excess of interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net investment income to increase more than it would without the leverage, while any decrease in our income would cause net investment income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to pay common stock dividends,
scheduled debt payments or other payments related to our securities. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique.
As of December 31, 2012, we, through the Funds, had $225 million of outstanding indebtedness guaranteed by the SBA, which had a weighted average annualized interest cost of approximately 4.7% (exclusive of deferred financing costs). The debentures guaranteed by the SBA have a maturity of ten years, with a current weighted average remaining maturity of 6.4 years as of December 31, 2012, and require semi-annual payments of interest. We will need to generate sufficient cash flow to make required interest payments on the debentures. If we are unable to meet the financial obligations under the debentures, the SBA, as a creditor, will have a superior claim to the assets of the Funds over our stockholders in the event we liquidate or the SBA exercises its remedies under such debentures as the result of a default by us. In addition, as of December 31, 2012, we had $132 million outstanding under our Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, subject to our election, on a per annum basis equal to (i) the applicable LIBOR rate (0.21% as of December 31, 2012) plus 2.50% or (ii) the applicable base rate (Prime Rate, 3.25% as of December 31, 2012) plus 1.50%. Main Street pays unused commitment fees of 0.375% per annum on the average unused lender commitments under the Credit Facility. If we are unable to meet the financial obligations under the Credit Facility, the Credit Facility lending group will have a superior claim to the assets of MSCC and its subsidiaries (excluding the assets of the Funds) over our stockholders in the event we liquidate or the lending group exercises its remedies under the Credit Facility as the result of a default by us.
Illustration. The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our common stock assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing below.
Assumed Return on Our Portfolio(1)
(net of expenses)
(1)Assumes $1.036 billion in total assets, $357.0 million in debt outstanding, $643.0 million in net assets, and an average cost of funds of 4.0%. Actual interest payments may be different.
(2)In order for us to cover our annual interest payments on indebtedness, we must achieve annual returns on our December 31, 2012 total assets of at least 1.4%. Our ability to achieve our investment objective may depend in part on our ability to access additional leverage on favorable terms by issuing debentures guaranteed by the SBA, through the Funds, or by borrowing from banks or insurance companies, and there can be no assurance that such additional leverage can in fact be achieved.
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly results.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including our ability or inability to make investments in companies that meet our investment criteria, the interest rate payable on the debt securities we acquire, the level of portfolio dividend and fee income, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
Our Board of Directors may change our operating policies and strategies without prior notice or stockholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse.
Our Board of Directors has the authority to modify or waive our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies without prior notice and without stockholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies would have on our business, net asset value, operating results and value of our stock. However, the effects might be adverse, which could negatively impact our ability to pay you dividends and cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code.
To maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code, we must meet the following annual distribution, income source and asset diversification requirements:
•The annual distribution requirement for a RIC will be satisfied if we distribute to our stockholders on an annual basis at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income. Any such carryover taxable income must be distributed through a dividend declared prior to filing the final tax return related to the year which generated such taxable income. For more information regarding tax treatment, see "Business Regulation." Because we use debt financing, we are subject to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the 1940 Act and are (and may in the future become) subject to certain financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
•The source income requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our income for each year from distributions, interest, gains from the sale of stock or securities or similar sources.
•The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy this requirement, at least 50% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other acceptable securities; and no more than 25% of the value of our assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain "qualified publicly traded partnerships."
Failure to meet these requirements may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses. Moreover, if we fail to maintain RIC tax treatment for any reason and are subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.
We may not be able to pay distributions to our stockholders, our distributions may not grow over time, and a portion of distributions paid to our stockholders may be a return of capital.
We intend to pay monthly distributions to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to pay a specified level of cash distributions, previously projected distributions for future periods, or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by, among other things, the impact
of one or more of the risk factors described herein. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC could limit our ability to pay distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our RIC status, compliance with applicable BDC regulations, each of the Funds' compliance with applicable SBIC regulations and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will pay distributions to our stockholders in the future.
When we make monthly distributions, we will be required to determine the extent to which such distributions are paid out of current or accumulated earnings, recognized capital gains or capital. To the extent there is a return of capital, investors will be required to reduce their basis in our stock for federal tax purposes, which will result in higher tax liability when the shares are sold, even if they have not increased in value or have lost value. In addition, any return of capital will be net of any sales load and offering expenses associated with sales of shares of our common stock. In the future, our distributions may include a return of capital.
We may have difficulty paying the distributions required to maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
We will include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as: (i) amortization of original issue discount, which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the origination of a loan such that ascribing a value to the warrants creates original issue discount in the debt instrument or possibly in other circumstances; (ii) contractual payment-in-kind, or PIK, interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term; (iii) contractual preferred dividends, which represents contractual dividends added to the preferred stock and due at the end of the preferred stock term; or (iv) amortization of market discount, which is associated with loans purchased in the secondary market at a discount to par value. Such amortization of original issue discounts, increases in loan balances as a result of contractual PIK arrangements, cumulative preferred dividends, or amortization of market discount will be included in income before we receive the corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts before we receive such amounts in cash. Investments structured with these features may represent a higher level of credit risk compared to investments generating income which must be paid in cash on a current basis. For the year ended December 31, 2012, (i) approximately 4.3% of our total investment income was attributable to PIK income not paid currently in cash, (ii) approximately 2.3% of our total investment income was attributable to amortization of original issue discount, (iii) approximately 0.3% of our total investment income was attributable to cumulative dividend income not paid currently in cash, and (iv) approximately 1.4% of our total investment income was attributable to amortization of market discount on loans purchased in the secondary market at a discount.
Since, in certain cases, we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax. For additional discussion regarding the tax implications of a RIC, please see "Business Regulation."
We may in the future choose to pay dividends in our own stock, in which case you may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash you receive.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in part in our stock. Under certain applicable provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations, distributions payable by us in cash or in shares of stock (at the stockholders election) would satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement. The IRS has issued private letter rulings providing that a dividend payable in stock or in cash at the election of the stockholders will be treated as a taxable dividend eligible for the dividends paid deduction provided that at least 20% of the total dividend is payable in cash and certain other requirements are satisfied. Taxable stockholders receiving such
dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such dividend is properly reported as a capital gain dividend) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for United States federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our stock.
Each of the Funds, as an SBIC, may be unable to make distributions to us that will enable us to meet or maintain RIC status, which could result in the imposition of an entity-level tax.
In order for us to continue to qualify for RIC tax treatment and to minimize corporate-level taxes, we will be required to distribute substantially all of our net ordinary income and net capital gain income, including income from certain of our subsidiaries, which includes the income from the Funds. We will be partially dependent on the Funds for cash distributions to enable us to meet the RIC distribution requirements. The Funds may be limited by the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, and SBIC regulations governing SBICs, from making certain distributions to us that may be necessary to enable us to maintain our status as a RIC. We may have to request a waiver of the SBA's restrictions for the Funds to make certain distributions to maintain our eligibility for RIC status. We cannot assure you that the SBA will grant such waiver and if the Funds are unable to obtain a waiver, compliance with the SBIC regulations may result in loss of RIC tax treatment and a consequent imposition of an entity-level tax on us.
Because we intend to distribute substantially all of our income to our stockholders to maintain our status as a RIC, we will continue to need additional capital to finance our growth, and regulations governing our operation as a BDC will affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital and make distributions.
In order to satisfy the requirements applicable to a RIC and to minimize corporate-level taxes, we intend to distribute to our stockholders substantially all of our net ordinary income and net capital gain income. We may carry forward excess undistributed taxable income into the next year, net of the 4% excise tax. Any such carryover taxable income must be distributed through a dividend declared prior to filing the final tax return related to the year which generated such taxable income. As a BDC, we generally are required to meet an asset coverage ratio, as defined in the 1940 Act, of at least 200% immediately after each issuance of senior securities. This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow and may prohibit us from making distributions. Because we will continue to need capital to grow our investment portfolio, this limitation may prevent us from incurring debt and require us to raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
While we expect to be able to borrow and to issue additional debt and equity securities, we cannot assure you that debt and equity financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, as a BDC, we generally are not permitted to issue equity securities priced below net asset value without stockholder approval. If additional funds are not available to us, we could be forced to curtail or cease new investment activities, and our net asset value could decline.
Stockholders may incur dilution if we sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings at prices below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock.
The 1940 Act prohibits us from selling shares of our common stock at a price below the current net asset value per share of such stock, with certain exceptions. One such exception is prior stockholder approval of
issuances below net asset value provided that our Board of Directors makes certain determinations. In this regard, on June 14, 2012, our common stockholders voted to allow us to issue common stock at a price below net asset value per share for the period ending on the earlier of (i) June 14, 2013, the one year anniversary of our 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) the date of our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders. Continued access to this exception will require approval of similar proposals at future stockholder meetings. We do not currently expect to seek such approval at our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders because our common stock price per share has been trading significantly above the current net asset value per share of our common stock. At our 2008 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved a proposal to authorize us to issue securities to subscribe to, convert to, or purchase shares of our common stock in one or more offerings. Any decision to sell shares of our common stock below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or securities to subscribe to, convert to, or purchase shares of our common stock would be subject to the determination by our Board of Directors that such issuance is in our and our stockholders' best interests.
If we were to sell shares of our common stock below net asset value per share, such sales would result in an immediate dilution to the net asset value per share. This dilution would occur as a result of the sale of shares at a price below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock and a proportionately greater decrease in a stockholder's interest in our earnings and assets and voting interest in us than the increase in our assets resulting from such issuance. In addition, if we issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of common stock, the exercise or conversion of such securities would increase the number of outstanding shares of our common stock. Any such exercise would be dilutive on the voting power of existing stockholders, and could be dilutive with regard to dividends and our net asset value, and other economic aspects of the common stock.
Because the number of shares of common stock that could be so issued and the timing of any issuance is not currently known, the actual dilutive effect cannot be predicted; however, the example below illustrates the effect of dilution to existing stockholders resulting from the sale of common stock at prices below the net asset value of such shares.
Illustration: Example of Dilutive Effect of the Issuance of Shares Below Net Asset Value. Assume that Company XYZ has 1,000,000 total shares outstanding, $15,000,000 in total assets and $5,000,000 in total liabilities. The net asset value per share of the common stock of Company XYZ is $10.00. The following table illustrates the reduction to net asset value, or NAV, and the dilution experienced by Stockholder A following the sale of 40,000 shares of the common stock of Company XYZ at $9.50 per share, a price below its NAV per share.
(1)Assumes that Stockholder A does not purchase additional shares in the sale of shares below NAV.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
We, the Funds, and our portfolio companies are subject to applicable local, state and federal laws and regulations, including, without limitation, federal immigration laws and regulations. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of
investments we are permitted to make, any of which could harm us and our stockholders, potentially with retroactive effect. In addition, any change to the SBA's current debenture SBIC program could have a significant impact on our ability to obtain lower-cost leverage, through the Funds, and therefore, our ability to compete with other finance companies.
Additionally, any changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations relating to permitted investments may cause us to alter our investment strategy in order to avail ourselves of new or different opportunities. Such changes could result in material differences to the strategies and plans set forth herein and may result in our investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of our investment team to other types of investments in which our investment team may have less expertise or little or no experience. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Terrorist attacks, acts of war or natural disasters may affect any market for our securities, impact the businesses in which we invest and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Terrorist acts, acts of war or natural disasters may disrupt our operations, as well as the operations of the businesses in which we invest. Such acts have created, and continue to create, economic and political uncertainties and have contributed to global economic instability. Future terrorist activities, military or security operations, or natural disasters could further weaken the domestic/global economies and create additional uncertainties, which may negatively impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks and natural disasters are generally uninsurable.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INVESTMENTS
Our investments in portfolio companies involve higher levels of risk, and we could lose all or part of our investment.
Investing in our portfolio companies involves a number of significant risks. Among other things, these companies:
•may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt instruments that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees from subsidiaries or affiliates of our portfolio companies that we may have obtained in connection with our investment, as well as a corresponding decrease in the value of the equity components of our investments;
•may have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines, smaller market shares and/or significant customer concentrations than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors' actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
•are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation, termination, or significant under-performance of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us;
•generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position; and
•generally have less publicly available information about their businesses, operations and financial condition. We are required to rely on the ability of our management team and investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and may lose all or part of our investment.
In addition, in the course of providing significant managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies, certain of our officers and directors may serve as directors on the boards of such companies. To the extent that litigation arises out of our investments in these companies, our officers and directors may be named as defendants in such litigation, which could result in an expenditure of funds (through our indemnification of such officers and directors) and the diversion of management time and resources.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
We invest, and will continue to invest in companies whose securities are not publicly traded, and whose securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments. As a result, we do not expect to achieve liquidity in our investments in the near-term. Our investments are usually subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid because there is usually no established trading market for such investments. The illiquidity of most of our investments may make it difficult for us to dispose of them at a favorable price, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.
We may not have the funds or ability to make additional investments in our portfolio companies.
We may not have the funds or ability to make additional investments in our portfolio companies. After our initial investment in a portfolio company, we may be called upon from time to time to provide additional funds to such company or have the opportunity to increase our investment through the extension of additional loans, the exercise of a warrant to purchase equity securities, or the funding of additional equity investments. There is no assurance that we will make, or will have sufficient funds to make, follow-on investments. Any decisions not to make a follow-on investment or any inability on our part to make such an investment may have a negative impact on a portfolio company in need of such an investment, may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation or may reduce the expected yield on the investment.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
We invest primarily in the secured term debt of LMM and Middle Market companies and equity issued by LMM companies. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
There may be circumstances where our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
Even though we may have structured certain of our investments as secured loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, and based upon principles of equitable subordination as defined by existing case law, a bankruptcy court could subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors and transfer any lien securing such subordinated claim to the bankruptcy estate. The principles of equitable subordination defined by case law have generally indicated that
a claim may be subordinated only if its holder is guilty of misconduct or where the senior loan is re-characterized as an equity investment and the senior lender has actually provided significant managerial assistance to the bankrupt debtor. We may also be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with respect to a borrower's business or instances where we exercise control over the borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender's liability claim, including as a result of actions taken in rendering significant managerial assistance or actions to compel and collect payments from the borrower outside the ordinary course of business.
Second priority liens on collateral securing loans that we make to our portfolio companies may be subject to control by senior creditors with first priority liens. If there is a default, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to repay in full both the first priority creditors and us.
Certain loans that we make are secured by a second priority security interest in the same collateral pledged by a portfolio company to secure senior debt owed by the portfolio company to commercial banks or other traditional lenders. Often the senior lender has procured covenants from the portfolio company prohibiting the incurrence of additional secured debt without the senior lender's consent. Prior to and as a condition of permitting the portfolio company to borrow money from us secured by the same collateral pledged to the senior lender, the senior lender will require assurances that it will control the disposition of any collateral in the event of bankruptcy or other default. In many such cases, the senior lender will require us to enter into an "intercreditor agreement" prior to permitting the portfolio company to borrow from us. Typically the intercreditor agreements we are requested to execute expressly subordinate our debt instruments to those held by the senior lender and further provide that the senior lender shall control: (1) the commencement of foreclosure or other proceedings to liquidate and collect on the collateral; (2) the nature, timing and conduct of foreclosure or other collection proceedings; (3) the amendment of any collateral document; (4) the release of the security interests in respect of any collateral; and (5) the waiver of defaults under any security agreement. Because of the control we may cede to senior lenders under intercreditor agreements we may enter, we may be unable to realize the proceeds of any collateral securing some of our loans.
Finally, the value of the collateral securing our debt investment will ultimately depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligations secured by our first or second priority liens. There is also a risk that such collateral securing our investments will decrease in value over time, will be difficult to sell in a timely manner, will be difficult to appraise and will fluctuate in value based upon the success of the portfolio company and market conditions. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the loan obligations secured by our second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the company's remaining assets, if any.
We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we are not limited with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.
We are classified as a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, which means that we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, our net asset value may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market's assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. Beyond our RIC asset diversification requirements, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our investments could be concentrated in relatively few portfolio companies.
We generally will not control our portfolio companies.
We do not, and do not expect to, control the decision making in many of our portfolio companies, even though we may have board representation or board observation rights, and our debt agreements may contain certain restrictive covenants. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which we invest will make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, will take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity for our investments in non-traded companies, we may not be able to dispose of our interests in our portfolio companies as readily as we would like or at an appropriate valuation. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that would decrease the value of our portfolio holdings.
Defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.
A portfolio company's failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to non-payment of interest and other defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio company's ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.
Any unrealized depreciation we experience on our loan portfolio may be an indication of future realized losses, which could reduce our income available for distribution.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the fair value as determined in good faith by our Board of Directors. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments will be recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized depreciation in our loan portfolio could be an indication of a portfolio company's inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to the affected loans. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income available for distribution in future periods.
Prepayments of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return on equity.
We are subject to the risk that the investments we make in our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. When this occurs, we will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in new portfolio companies. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to us. Additionally, prepayments could negatively impact our return on equity, which could result in a decline in the market price of our securities.
Changes in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income.
Some of our debt investments will bear interest at variable rates and the interest income from these investments could be negatively affected by decreases in market interest rates. In addition, an increase in interest rates would make it more expensive for us to use debt to finance our investments. As a result, a significant increase in market interest rates could increase our cost of capital, which would reduce our net investment income. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our securities less attractive than alternative investments, a situation which could reduce the value of our securities. Conversely, a decrease in interest rates may have an adverse impact on our returns by requiring us to seek lower yields on our debt investments and by increasing the risk that our portfolio companies will prepay our debt investments, resulting in the need to redeploy capital at potentially lower rates. A decrease in
market interest rates may also adversely impact our returns on idle funds, which would reduce our net investment income.
We may not realize gains from our equity investments.
Certain investments that we have made in the past and may make in the future include warrants or other equity securities. Investments in equity securities involve a number of significant risks, including the risk of further dilution as a result of additional issuances, inability to access additional capital and failure to pay current distributions. Investments in preferred securities involve special risks, such as the risk of deferred distributions, credit risk, illiquidity and limited voting rights. In addition, we may from time to time make non-control, equity investments in portfolio companies. Our goal is ultimately to realize gains upon our disposition of such equity interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience. We also may be unable to realize any value if a portfolio company does not have a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business, recapitalization or public offering, which would allow us to sell the underlying equity interests. We often seek puts or similar rights to give us the right to sell our equity securities back to the portfolio company issuer; however, we may be unable to exercise these puts rights for the consideration provided in our investment documents if the issuer is in financial distress.
Our Marketable securities and idle funds investments are subject to risks similar to our portfolio company investments.
Marketable securities and idle funds investments can include, among other things, secured and unsecured debt investments, independently rated debt investments and diversified bond funds. Many of these investments in debt obligations are, or would be if rated, below investment grade quality. Indebtedness of below investment grade quality is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal, similar to our portfolio investments in our portfolio companies. See "- Our investments in portfolio companies involve higher levels of risk, and we could lose all or part of our investment." Many of these Marketable securities and idle funds investments are purchased through over the counter or other markets and are therefore liquid at the time of purchase but may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, market events, economic conditions or investor perceptions. See "- The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business" for a description of risks related to holding illiquid investments. In addition, domestic and foreign markets are complex and interrelated, so that events in one sector of the world markets or economy, or in one geographical region, can reverberate and have materially negative consequences for other market, economic or regional sectors in a manner that may not be foreseen and which may materially affect the market price of our Marketable securities and idle funds investments. Other risks that our portfolio investments are subject to are also applicable to these Marketable securities and idle funds investments.
Our investments in foreign securities may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.
Our investments in foreign securities may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in investments in U.S. securities. Our investment strategy contemplates potential investments in debt securities of foreign companies. Investing in foreign companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
Although most of our investments will be U.S. dollar-denominated, any investments denominated in a foreign currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to
one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and political developments.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR SECURITIES
Shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, may trade at a discount to their net asset value.
Shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, may trade at a discount to net asset value. This characteristic of closed-end investment companies and BDCs is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. We cannot predict whether our common stock will trade at, above or below net asset value. In addition, if our common stock trades below net asset value, we will generally not be able to issue additional common stock at the market price unless our stockholders approve such a sale and our Board of Directors makes certain determinations. See "- Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure - Stockholders may incur dilution if we sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings at prices below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock" for a discussion of a proposal approved by our stockholders that permits us to issue shares of our common stock below net asset value.
We may be unable to invest a significant portion of the net proceeds from an offering or from exiting an investment or other capital on acceptable terms, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Delays in investing the net proceeds raised in an offering or from exiting an investment or other capital may cause our performance to be worse than that of other fully invested BDCs or other lenders or investors pursuing comparable investment strategies. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify any investments that meet our investment objective or that any investment that we make will produce a positive return. We may be unable to invest the net proceeds of any offering or from exiting an investment or other capital on acceptable terms within the time period that we anticipate or at all, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We anticipate that, depending on market conditions and the amount of the capital, it may take us a substantial period of time to invest substantially all the capital in securities meeting our investment objective. During this period, we will invest the capital primarily in Marketable securities and idle funds investments, which may produce returns that are significantly lower than the returns which we expect to achieve when our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objective. As a result, any distributions that we pay during such period may be substantially lower than the distributions that we may be able to pay when our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objective. In addition, until such time as the net proceeds of any offering or from exiting an investment or other capital are invested in new securities meeting our investment objective, the market price for our securities may decline. Thus, the initial return on your investment may be lower than when, if ever, our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objective.
Investing in our securities may involve an above average degree of risk.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment objective may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and a higher risk of volatility or loss of principal. Our investments in portfolio companies involve higher levels of risk, and therefore, an investment in our securities may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.
The market price of our securities may be volatile and fluctuate significantly.
Fluctuations in the trading prices of our securities may adversely affect the liquidity of the trading market for our securities and, if we seek to raise capital through future securities offerings, our ability to raise such
capital. The market price and liquidity of the market for our securities may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:
•significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of BDCs or other companies in our sector, which are not necessarily related to the operating performance of these companies;
•changes in regulatory policies, accounting pronouncements or tax guidelines, particularly with respect to RICs, BDCs or SBICs;
•inability to obtain any exemptive relief that may be required by us in the future from the SEC;
•loss of our BDC or RIC status or either of the Funds' status as an SBIC;
•changes in our earnings or variations in our operating results;
•changes in the value of our portfolio of investments;
•any shortfall in our investment income or net investment income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;
•loss of a major funding source;
•fluctuations in interest rates;
•the operating performance of companies comparable to us;
•departure of our key personnel;
•global or national credit market changes; and
•general economic trends and other external factors.
Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
The Maryland General Corporation Law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or making difficult a change in control of our company or the removal of our incumbent directors. The existence of these provisions, among others, may have a negative impact on the price of our common stock and may discourage third-party bids for ownership of our company. These provisions may prevent any premiums being offered to you for our common stock.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. Properties
We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operations. Currently, we lease office space in Houston, Texas for our corporate headquarters.
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We may, from time to time, be involved in litigation arising out of our operations in the normal course of business or otherwise. Furthermore, third parties may try to seek to impose liability on us in connection with the activities of our portfolio companies. While the outcome of any current legal proceedings cannot at this time be predicted with certainty, we do not expect any current matters will materially affect our financial condition or results of operations; however, there can be no assurance whether any pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations in any future reporting period.
Item 4.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK, HOLDERS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "MAIN." Prior to October 14, 2010, our common stock was traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the same symbol "MAIN." Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on October 5, 2007. Prior to that date, there was no established public trading market for our common stock.
The following table sets forth, for each fiscal quarter during 2012 and 2011, the range of high and low closing prices of our common stock as reported on the NYSE.
On March 7, 2013 the last sale price of our common stock on the NYSE was $33.03 per share, and there were approximately 202 holders of record of the common stock which did not include shareholders for whom shares are held in "nominee" or "street name."
Shares of BDCs may trade at a market price that is less than the value of the net assets attributable to those shares. The possibility that our shares of common stock will trade at a discount from net asset value per share or at premiums that are unsustainable over the long term are separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share will decrease. It is not possible to predict whether our common stock will trade at, above, or below net asset value per share. Since our IPO in October 2007, our shares of common stock have traded at prices both less than and exceeding our net asset value per share.
We currently pay monthly dividends to our stockholders. Our monthly dividends, if any, will be determined by our Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.
The following table summarizes our dividends declared to date:
(1)The determination of the tax attributes of Main Street's distributions is made annually, based upon its taxable income for the full year and distributions paid for the full year. Ordinary dividend distributions from a RIC do not qualify for the 15% tax rate (or effective as of January 1, 2013, 20%) applicable to "qualified dividend income" from domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations, except to the extent that the RIC received the income in the form of qualifying dividends from domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations.
(2)These dividends attributable to fiscal year 2012 were comprised of ordinary income of $0.923 per share, long term capital gain of $0.748 per share, and qualified dividend income of $0.054 per share, and included dividends with a record date during fiscal year 2012, including the dividend declared and accrued as of December 31, 2012 and paid on January 15, 2013, pursuant to the Code.
(3)These dividends attributable to fiscal year 2011 were comprised of ordinary income of $1.253 per share, long term capital gain of $0.373 per share, and qualified dividend income of $0.069 per share, and included dividends with a record date during fiscal year 2011, including the dividend declared and accrued as of December 31, 2011 and paid on January 16, 2012, pursuant to the Code.
(4)These dividends attributable to fiscal year 2010 were comprised of ordinary income of $1.220 per share, long term capital gain of $0.268 per share, and qualified dividend income of $0.012 per share.
(5)These dividends attributable to fiscal year 2009 were comprised of ordinary income of $1.218 per share and long term capital gain of $0.157 per share.
(6)These dividends attributable to fiscal year 2008 were comprised of ordinary income of $0.953 per share and long term capital gain of $0.597 per share, and included dividends with a record date during fiscal year 2008, including the $0.125 per share dividend declared and accrued as of December 31, 2008 and paid on January 15, 2009, pursuant to the Code.
(7)This quarterly dividend attributable to fiscal year 2007 was comprised of ordinary income of $0.105 per share and long term capital gain of $0.225 per share.
To obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment, we must, among other things, distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax on certain undistributed taxable income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our net ordinary income for each calendar year, (2) 98.2% of our capital gain net income for the one-year period ending December 31 in that calendar year and (3) any income recognized, but not distributed, in preceding years (the "Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement"). Dividends declared and paid by us in a year will generally differ from taxable income for that year, as such dividends may include the distribution of current year taxable income, less amounts carried over into the following year, and the distribution of prior year taxable income carried over into and distributed in the current year. For amounts we carry over into the following year, we will be required to pay a 4% excise tax for the excess over 98% of our annual taxable income in excess of distributions for the year. We may retain for investment some or all of our net capital gains (i.e., realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) and treat such amounts as deemed distributions to our stockholders. If we do this, our stockholders will be treated as if they
had received actual distributions of the capital gains we retained and then reinvested the net after-tax proceeds in our common stock. In general, our stockholders also would be eligible to claim a tax credit (or, in certain circumstances, a tax refund) equal to their allocable shares of the tax we paid on the capital gains deemed distributed to them. We can offer no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions and, if we issue senior securities, we may be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes us to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the 1940 Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of our borrowings.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in part in our stock. Under certain applicable provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations, distributions payable by us in cash or in shares of stock (at the stockholders election) would satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement. The IRS has issued private letter rulings providing that a dividend payable in stock or in cash at the election of the stockholders will be treated as a taxable dividend eligible for the dividends paid deduction provided that at least 20% of the total dividend is payable in cash and certain other requirements are satisfied. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such dividend is properly reported as a capital gain dividend), to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for United States federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our stock.
We have adopted a dividend reinvestment plan ("DRIP") that provides for the reinvestment of dividends on behalf of our stockholders, unless a stockholder has elected to receive dividends in cash. As a result, if we declare a cash dividend, our stockholders who have not "opted out" of the DRIP by the dividend record date will have their cash dividend automatically reinvested into additional shares of MSCC common stock. We have the option to satisfy the share requirements of the DRIP through the issuance of new shares of common stock or through open market purchases of common stock by the DRIP plan administrator. Newly-issued shares will be valued based upon the final closing price of MSCC's common stock on a valuation date determined for each dividend by our Board of Directors. Shares purchased in the open market to satisfy the DRIP requirements will be valued based upon the average price of the applicable shares purchased by the DRIP plan administrator, before any associated brokerage or other costs.
SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
During 2012, we issued a total of 229,634 unregistered shares of our common stock in connection with the Final MSC II Exchange pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) under the Securities Act of 1933. The aggregate value of such shares was approximately $5.3 million.
During 2012, we issued a total of 349,960 shares of our common stock under the DRIP pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933. The aggregate offering price for the shares of our common stock issued under the DRIP during 2012 was approximately $8.9 million.
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
None.
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph compares the stockholder return on our common stock from October 5, 2007 to December 31, 2012 with the Russell 2000 Index and the Main Street Peer Group index (as defined below). This comparison assumes $100.00 was invested on October 5, 2007 (the date our common stock began to trade in connection with our initial public offering) in our common stock and in the comparison groups and assumes the reinvestment of all cash dividends prior to any tax effect. The comparisons in the graph below are based on historical data and are not intended to forecast the possible future performance of our common stock.
COMPARISON OF STOCKHOLDER RETURN(1)
Among Main Street Capital Corporation, the Russell 2000 Index and Main Street Peer Group
(For the Period October 5, 2007 to December 31, 2012)
(1)Total return includes reinvestment of dividends through December 31, 2012.
(2)The Main Street Peer Group index is composed of American Capital, Ltd., Apollo Investment Corporation, Ares Capital Corporation, BlackRock Kelso Capital Corporation, Fidus Investment Corporation, Fifth Street Finance Corp., Gladstone Investment Corporation, Golub Capital BDC, Inc., Gladstone Capital Corporation, Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc., KCAP Financial, Inc., Keating Capital, Inc., Medley Capital Corporation, MCG Capital Corporation, Monroe Capital Corporation, MVC Capital, Inc., NGP Capital Resources Company, New Mountain Finance Corporation, OFS Capital Corporation, PennantPark Floating Rate Capital Ltd., PennantPark Investment Corporation, Prospect Capital Corporation, Saratoga Investment Corp., Solar Capital Ltd., Solar Senior Capital Ltd., Stellus Capital Investment Corporation, Triangle Capital Corporation, TCP Capital Corp., THL Credit, Inc., TICC Capital Corp., Harris & Harris Group, Inc., and WhiteHorse Finance, Inc.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected financial and other data below reflects the consolidated operations of Main Street and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008. The selected financial data at December 31, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008, have been derived from consolidated financial statements that have been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. You should read this selected financial and other data in conjunction with our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(1)SBIC debentures for December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are $225,000, $220,000 and $180,000 at par, with par of $100,000 for 2012, and $95,000 for 2011 and 2010 recorded at fair value of $86,467, $76,887 and $70,558, as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. SBIC debentures for December 31, 2009 and 2008 are recorded at par.
(2)Weighted average effective yield is calculated based on our debt investments at the end of each period and includes amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of original issue discount, but excludes fees payable upon repayment of the debt investments and any debt investments on non-accrual status.
(3)Ratios are net of amounts attributable to the noncontrolling equity interests in MSC II for the periods prior to the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange during the first quarter of 2012.
Item 7.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Statements we make in the following discussion which express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not historical fact, are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, could differ materially from those we express in the following discussion as a result of a variety of factors, including the risks and uncertainties we have referred to under the headings "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" in Part I of this report.
ORGANIZATION
Main Street Capital Corporation ("MSCC") was formed on March 9, 2007 for the purpose of (i) acquiring 100% of the equity interests of Main Street Mezzanine Fund, LP ("MSMF") and its general partner, Main Street Mezzanine Management, LLC ("MSMF GP"), (ii) acquiring 100% of the equity interests of Main Street Capital Partners, LLC (the "Investment Manager"), (iii) raising capital in an initial public offering, which was completed in October 2007 (the "IPO"), and (iv) thereafter operating as an internally managed business development company ("BDC") under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). MSMF is licensed as a Small Business Investment Company ("SBIC") by the United States Small Business Administration ("SBA") and the Investment Manager acts as MSMF's manager and investment adviser. Because the Investment Manager, which employs all of the executive officers and other employees of MSCC, is wholly owned by us, we do not pay any external investment advisory fees, but instead we incur the operating costs associated with employing investment and portfolio management professionals through the Investment Manager. The IPO and related transactions discussed above were consummated in October 2007 and are collectively termed the "Formation Transactions."
On January 7, 2010, MSCC consummated transactions (the "Exchange Offer") to exchange 1,239,695 shares of its common stock for approximately 88% of the total dollar value of the limited partner interests in Main Street Capital II, LP ("MSC II" and, together with MSMF, the "Funds"). Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Offer, 100% of the membership interests in the general partner of MSC II, Main Street Capital II GP, LLC ("MSC II GP"), were also transferred to MSCC for no consideration. MSC II commenced operations in January 2006, is an investment fund that operates as an SBIC and is also managed by the Investment Manager. During the first quarter of 2012, MSCC exchanged 229,634 shares of its common stock to acquire all of the remaining minority ownership in the total dollar value of the MSC II limited partnership interests, including approximately 5% owned by affiliates of MSCC (the "Final MSC II Exchange"). After the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange, MSCC owns 100% of MSC II. The Exchange Offer and related transactions, including the transfer of the MSC II GP interests and the Final MSC II Exchange, are collectively termed the "Exchange Offer Transactions."
MSCC has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). As a result, MSCC generally will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes to its stockholders as dividends.
MSCC has direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries that have elected to be taxable entities (the "Taxable Subsidiaries"). The primary purpose of these entities is to hold certain investments that generate "pass through" income for tax purposes. The Taxable Subsidiaries are each taxed at their normal corporate tax rates based on their taxable income.
Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the terms "we," "us," "our" and "Main Street" refer to MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries, which include the Funds and the Taxable Subsidiaries.
OVERVIEW
We are a principal investment firm primarily focused on providing customized debt and equity financing to lower middle market ("LMM") companies and debt capital to middle market ("Middle Market") companies. Our portfolio investments are typically made to support management buyouts, recapitalizations, growth financings, refinancings and acquisitions of companies that operate in diverse industry sectors. We seek to partner with entrepreneurs, business owners and management teams and generally provide "one stop" financing alternatives within our LMM portfolio. We invest primarily in secured debt investments, equity investments, warrants and other securities of LMM companies based in the United States and in secured debt investments of Middle Market companies generally headquartered in the United States. Our principal investment objective is to maximize our portfolio's total return by generating current income from our debt investments and capital appreciation from our equity and equity related investments, including warrants, convertible securities and other rights to acquire equity securities in a portfolio company. Our LMM companies generally have annual revenues between $10 million and $150 million, and our LMM portfolio investments generally range in size from $5 million to $25 million. Our Middle Market investments are made in businesses that are generally larger in size than our LMM portfolio companies, with annual revenues typically between $150 million and $1.5 billion, and our Middle Market investments generally range in size from $3 million to $15 million. Our other portfolio ("Other Portfolio") investments primarily consist of investments which are not consistent with the typical profiles for our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments which may be managed by third parties. In our Other Portfolio, we may incur indirect fees and expenses in connection with investments managed by third parties, such as investments in other investment companies or private funds.
We seek to fill the current financing gap for LMM businesses, which, historically, have had more limited access to financing from commercial banks and other traditional sources. The underserved nature of the LMM creates the opportunity for us to meet the financing needs of LMM companies while also negotiating favorable transaction terms and equity participations. Our ability to invest across a company's capital structure, from senior secured loans to equity securities, allows us to offer portfolio companies a comprehensive suite of financing options, or a "one stop" financing solution. Providing customized, "one stop" financing solutions has become even more relevant to our LMM portfolio companies in the current investing environment. We generally seek to partner directly with entrepreneurs, management teams and business owners in making our investments. Our LMM portfolio debt investments are generally secured by a first lien on the assets of the portfolio company and typically have a term of between five and seven years. We believe that our LMM investment strategy has a lower correlation to the broader debt and equity markets.
As of December 31, 2012, we had debt and equity investments in 59 LMM portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $510.3 million, a total cost basis of approximately $408.0 million, and a weighted average annual effective yield on our LMM debt investments of approximately 14.2%. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 76% of our total LMM portfolio investments at cost were in the form of debt investments and approximately 94% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of our LMM portfolio companies. At December 31, 2012, we had equity ownership in approximately 90% of our LMM portfolio companies and the average fully diluted equity ownership in those portfolio companies was approximately 32%. As of December 31, 2011, we had debt and equity investments in 54 LMM portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $415.7 million, a total cost basis of approximately $349.0 million and a weighted average annual effective yield on our LMM debt investments of approximately 14.8%. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 74% of our total LMM portfolio investments at cost were in the form of debt investments and approximately 93% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of our LMM portfolio companies. At December 31, 2011, we had equity ownership in approximately 94% of our LMM portfolio companies and the average fully diluted equity ownership in those portfolio companies was approximately 34%. The weighted average annual yields were computed using the effective interest rates for all debt investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, including amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of
original issue discount but excluding fees payable upon repayment of the debt investments and any debt investments on non-accrual status.
In addition to our LMM investment strategy, we pursue investments in Middle Market companies. Our Middle Market portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in interest-bearing debt securities in companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies included in our LMM portfolio. Our Middle Market portfolio debt investments are generally secured by either a first or second priority lien on the assets of the portfolio company and typically have a term of between three and five years.
As of December 31, 2012, we had Middle Market portfolio investments in 85 companies collectively totaling approximately $390.0 million in fair value with a total cost basis of approximately $385.5 million. The weighted average annual revenue for the 85 Middle Market portfolio company investments was approximately $513.5 million as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2012, almost all of our Middle Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments and approximately 92% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on portfolio company assets. The weighted average annual effective yield on our Middle Market portfolio debt investments was approximately 8.8% as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011, we had Middle Market portfolio investments in 57 companies collectively totaling approximately $226.5 million in fair value with a total cost basis of approximately $228.9 million. The weighted average annual revenue for the 57 Middle Market portfolio company investments was approximately $472.6 million as of December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, almost all of our Middle Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments and approximately 82% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on portfolio company assets. The weighted average annual effective yield on our Middle Market portfolio debt investments was approximately 9.5% as of December 31, 2011. The weighted average annual yields were computed using the effective interest rates for all debt investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, including amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of original issue discount but excluding fees payable upon repayment of the debt investments.
As of December 31, 2012, we had Other Portfolio investments in 3 companies collectively totaling approximately $24.1 million in fair value and approximately $23.6 million in cost basis and which comprised 2.6% of our investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011, we had Other Portfolio investments in 3 companies collectively totaling approximately $14.1 million in both fair value and cost basis and which comprised 2.1% of our investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2011.
Our portfolio investments are generally made through MSCC and the Funds. MSCC and the Funds share the same investment strategies and criteria, although they are subject to different regulatory regimes. An investor's return in MSCC will depend, in part, on the Funds' investment returns as MSMF and MSC II are both wholly owned subsidiaries of MSCC.
The level of new portfolio investment activity will fluctuate from period to period based upon our view of the current economic fundamentals, our ability to identify new investment opportunities that meet our investment criteria, and our ability to consummate the identified opportunities. The level of new investment activity, and associated interest and fee income, will directly impact future investment income. In addition, the level of dividends paid by portfolio companies and the portion of our portfolio debt investments on non-accrual status will directly impact future investment income. While we intend to grow our portfolio and our investment income over the long-term, our growth and our operating results may be more limited during depressed economic periods. However, we intend to appropriately manage our cost structure and liquidity position based on applicable economic conditions and our investment outlook. The level of realized gains or losses and unrealized appreciation or depreciation will also fluctuate depending upon portfolio activity and the performance of our individual portfolio companies. The changes in realized gains and losses and unrealized appreciation or depreciation could have a material impact on our operating results.
MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries are internally managed by the Investment Manager, a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCC, which employs all of the executive officers and other employees of Main Street. Because the Investment Manager is wholly owned by MSCC, Main Street does not pay any external
investment advisory fees, but instead incurs the operating costs associated with employing investment and portfolio management professionals through the Investment Manager. We believe that our internally managed structure provides us with a beneficial operating expense structure when compared to other publicly-traded and privately-held investment firms which are externally managed, and our internally managed structure allows us the opportunity to leverage our non-interest operating expenses as we grow our investment portfolio. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the ratio of our total operating expenses, excluding interest expense, as a percentage of our quarterly average total assets was 1.8% and 2.2% respectively.
In addition, during May 2012, we and the Investment Manager executed an investment sub-advisory agreement with HMS Adviser, LP, which is the investment advisor to HMS Income Fund, Inc., a non publicly-traded BDC whose registration statement on Form N-2 was declared effective by the SEC in June 2012, to provide certain investment advisory services to HMS Adviser, LP. We are initially providing such investment advisory services to HMS Adviser, LP, but ultimately intend that the Investment Manager provide such services because the fees we receive from such arrangement could otherwise have negative consequences on our ability to meet the source-of-income requirement necessary for us to maintain our RIC tax treatment. We will need to obtain certain relief from the SEC before the Investment Manager is permitted to provide these services to HMS Adviser, LP, which we are seeking, but there can be no assurance that we will obtain such relief.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). For the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries, which include the Funds and the Taxable Subsidiaries. Portfolio investments, as used herein, refers to all of our portfolio investments in LMM companies, Middle Market portfolio investments, Other Portfolio investments and our investment in the Investment Manager but excludes all of our "Marketable securities and idle funds investments." Marketable securities and idle funds investments are classified as financial instruments and are reported separately on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Schedule of Investments due to the nature of such investments. Our results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and financial position as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, are presented on a consolidated basis. The effects of all intercompany transactions between Main Street and its consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period balances to conform with the current financial statement presentation, including certain investments previously classified as Marketable securities and idle funds investments that are now considered a part of the Middle Market portfolio and are now classified as "Non-Control/Non-Affiliate investments."
Under the investment company rules and regulations pursuant to Article 6 of Regulation S-X and the Audit and Accounting Guide for Investment Companies issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (the "AICPA Guide"), we are precluded from consolidating portfolio company investments, including those in which we have a controlling interest, unless the portfolio company is another investment company. An exception to this general principle in the AICPA Guide occurs if we own a controlled operating company that provides all or substantially all of its services directly to us, or to an investment company of ours. None of the investments made by us qualify for this exception. Therefore, our portfolio investments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value, as discussed further in Note B to our consolidated financial statements, with any adjustments to fair value recognized as "Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)" on our Statement of Operations until the investment is realized, usually upon exit, resulting in any gain or loss being recognized as a "Net Realized Gain (Loss) from Investments."
Portfolio Investment Valuation
The most significant determination inherent in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements is the valuation of our portfolio investments and the related amounts of unrealized appreciation and depreciation. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately 89% of our total assets at each date represented investments in portfolio companies valued at fair value (including our investment in the Investment Manager). We are required to report our investments at fair value. We follow the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("Codification" or "ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value, and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.
Our business strategy calls for us to invest primarily in illiquid securities issued by private, LMM companies and debt securities issued by Middle Market companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies. Our portfolio also includes Other Portfolio investments which primarily consist of investments which are not consistent with the typical profiles for our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments which may be managed by third parties. All of our portfolio investments may be subject to restrictions on resale. LMM investments and Other Portfolio investments generally have no established trading market while Middle Market securities generally have established markets that are not active. We determine in good faith the fair value of our portfolio investments pursuant to a valuation policy in accordance with ASC 820 and a valuation process approved by our Board of Directors and in accordance with the 1940 Act. For LMM investments, we review external events, including private mergers, sales and acquisitions involving comparable companies, and include these events in the valuation process. For Middle Market portfolio debt and Other Portfolio debt investments, we primarily use observable inputs such as quoted prices in the valuation process. For Other Portfolio equity investments we generally value such investments based on the fair value of the portfolio company as determined by independent third parties, and based on our proportional ownership in the portfolio company, as well as the financial position and assessed risk of each of these portfolio investments. Our valuation policy and process is intended to provide a consistent basis for determining the fair value of our portfolio.
For valuation purposes, "control" LMM portfolio investments are composed of debt and equity securities in companies for which we have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Market quotations are generally not readily available for our control LMM portfolio investments. As a result, for control LMM portfolio investments, we determine the fair value using a combination of market and income approaches. Under the market approach, we will typically use the enterprise value methodology to determine the fair value of these investments. The enterprise value is the fair value at which an enterprise could be sold in a transaction between two willing parties, other than through a forced or liquidation sale. Typically, private companies are bought and sold based on multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, cash flows, net income, revenues, or in limited cases, book value. There is no single methodology for estimating enterprise value. For any one portfolio company, enterprise value is generally described as a range of values from which a single estimate of enterprise value is derived. In estimating the enterprise value of a portfolio company, we analyze various factors, including the portfolio company's historical and projected financial results. We allocate the enterprise value to investments in order of the legal priority of the various components of the portfolio company's capital structure. We will also use the income approach to determine the fair value of these securities, based on projections of the discounted future free cash flows that the portfolio company or the debt security will likely generate, and which includes using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position and credit risk of each of these portfolio investments. The valuation approaches for our control LMM portfolio investments estimate the value of the investment if we were to sell, or exit, the investment. In addition, these valuation approaches consider the value associated with our ability to control the capital structure of the portfolio company, as well as the timing of a potential exit.
For valuation purposes, "non-control" LMM portfolio investments are composed of debt and equity securities in companies for which we do not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Market quotations are generally not readily available for non-control LMM portfolio investments. For our non-control LMM investments, we use a combination of the market and income approaches to value our equity investments and the income approach to value our debt investments similar to the approaches used for our control LMM portfolio investments, and which includes using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position and credit risk of each of these portfolio investments. Our estimate of the expected repayment date of a LMM debt security is generally the legal maturity date of the instrument, as we generally intend to hold our LMM loans and debt securities to maturity. The yield-to-maturity analysis considers changes in leverage levels, credit quality, portfolio company performance and other factors. We will use the value determined by the yield-to-maturity analysis as the fair value for that security; however, because of our general intent to hold our loans to maturity, the fair value will not exceed the face amount of the LMM debt security. A change in the assumptions that we use to estimate the fair value of our LMM debt securities using the yield-to-maturity analysis could have a material impact on the determination of fair value. If there is deterioration in credit quality or if a LMM debt security is in workout status, we may consider other factors in determining the fair value of the LMM debt security, including the value attributable to the debt security from the enterprise value of the portfolio company or the proceeds that would most likely be received in a liquidation analysis.
Our Middle Market portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in interest-bearing debt securities in companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies included in our investment portfolio. For valuation purposes, all of our Middle Market portfolio investments are non control investments for which we do not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company, or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. We primarily use observable inputs to determine the fair value of these investments through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing. For Middle Market portfolio investments for which sufficient observable inputs are not available to determine fair value, we use a combination of observable inputs through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing and an approach that is similar to the income approach using a yield to maturity model used to value our LMM portfolio debt investments.
For valuation purposes, all of our Other Portfolio investments are non-control investments for which we generally do not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Similar to the LMM investment portfolio, market quotations for Other Portfolio equity investments are generally not readily available. We value our Other Portfolio equity investments based on the fair value of the portfolio company as determined by independent third parties and based on our proportional ownership in the portfolio company, as well as the financial position and assessed risk of each of these portfolio investments. For Other Portfolio debt investments with observable inputs, we determine the fair value of these investments through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing. To the extent observable inputs are not available for our Other Portfolio debt investments, we value these Other Portfolio debt investments through an approach similar to the income approach using a yield-to-maturity model used to value our non-control LMM portfolio debt investments.
Due to the inherent uncertainty in the valuation process, our determination of fair value for our portfolio investments may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed. In addition, changes in the market environment, portfolio company performance and other events that may occur over the lives of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be materially different than the valuations currently assigned. We determine the fair value of each individual investment and record changes in fair value as unrealized appreciation or depreciation.
Revenue Recognition
Interest and Dividend Income
We record interest and dividend income on the accrual basis to the extent amounts are expected to be collected. Dividend income is recorded as dividends are declared or at the point an obligation exists for the portfolio company to make a distribution. In accordance with our valuation policy, we evaluate accrued interest and dividend income periodically for collectability. When a loan or debt security becomes 90 days or more past due, and if we otherwise do not expect the debtor to be able to service all of its debt or other obligations, we will generally place the loan or debt security on non-accrual status and cease recognizing interest income on that loan or debt security until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and intent to pay contractual amounts due. If a loan or debt security's status significantly improves regarding the debtor's ability to service the debt or other obligations, or if a loan or debt security is fully impaired, sold or written off, we will remove it from non-accrual status.
Fee Income
We may periodically provide services, including structuring and advisory services, to our portfolio companies. For services that are separately identifiable and evidence exists to substantiate fair value, income is recognized as earned, which is generally when the investment or other applicable transaction closes. Fees received in connection with debt financing transactions for services that do not meet these criteria are treated as debt origination fees and are deferred and accreted into interest income over the life of the financing.
Payment-in-Kind ("PIK") Interest and Cumulative Dividends
We hold debt and preferred equity instruments in our investment portfolio that contain payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest and cumulative dividend provisions. The PIK interest, computed at the contractual rate specified in each debt agreement, is periodically added to the principal balance of the debt and is recorded as interest income. Thus, the actual collection of this interest may be deferred until the time of debt principal repayment. Cumulative dividends are recorded as dividend income, and any unpaid dividends are added to the balance of the preferred equity investment. The actual collection of these dividends may be deferred until such time as the preferred equity is redeemed. To maintain RIC tax treatment (as discussed below), these non-cash sources of income may need to be paid out to stockholders in the form of distributions, even though we may not have collected the PIK interest and cumulative dividends in cash. We will stop accruing PIK interest and cumulative dividends and will write off any accrued and uncollected interest and dividends in arrears when it is determined that such PIK interest and dividends in arrears are no longer collectible.
Share-Based Compensation
We account for our share-based compensation plans using the fair value method, as prescribed by ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Accordingly, for restricted stock awards, we measured the grant date fair value based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant and will amortize this fair value to share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term.
Income Taxes
MSCC has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a RIC. As a RIC, MSCC generally will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that MSCC distributes to its stockholders as dividends. MSCC must generally distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income to qualify for pass-through tax treatment and maintain its RIC status. As part of maintaining RIC status, undistributed taxable income (subject to a 4% excise tax) pertaining to a given fiscal year may be distributed up to 12 months subsequent to the end of that fiscal year, provided such dividends are declared prior to the filing of the federal income tax return for the prior year.
The Taxable Subsidiaries hold certain portfolio investments for us. The Taxable Subsidiaries are consolidated with us for financial reporting purposes, and the portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries are included in our consolidated financial statements. The principal purpose of the Taxable Subsidiaries is to permit us to hold equity investments in portfolio companies which are "pass through" entities for tax purposes in order to comply with the "source income" requirements contained in the RIC tax provisions of the Code. The Taxable Subsidiaries are not consolidated with us for income tax purposes and may generate income tax expense or income tax benefit as a result of their ownership of various portfolio investments. This income tax expense or benefit, if any, is reflected in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The Taxable Subsidiaries use the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, using statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Taxable income generally differs from net income for financial reporting purposes due to temporary and permanent differences in the recognition of income and expenses. Taxable income generally excludes net unrealized appreciation or depreciation, as investment gains or losses are not included in taxable income until they are realized.
PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT COMPOSITION
LMM portfolio investments principally consist of secured debt, equity warrants and direct equity investments in privately held, LMM companies. The LMM debt investments are primarily secured by either a first or second lien on the assets of the portfolio company, generally bear interest at fixed rates, and generally mature between five and seven years from the original investment date. In most LMM portfolio companies, we also receive nominally priced equity warrants and/or make direct equity investments, usually in connection with a debt investment.
Middle Market portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in interest-bearing debt securities in companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies included in our LMM portfolio. Our Middle Market portfolio debt investments are generally secured by either a first or second priority lien.
The following table summarizes the composition of our LMM investment portfolio, Middle Market investment portfolio, and total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio at cost and fair value by type of investment as a percentage of the total LMM investment portfolio, the total Middle Market investment portfolio and the total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (this information excludes the Other Portfolio investments and the Investment Manager).
The following table shows the LMM investment portfolio, the Middle Market investment portfolio, and the total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio composition by geographic region of the United States or other countries at cost and fair value as a percentage of the total LMM investment portfolio, the total Middle Market investment portfolio, and the total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (this information excludes the Other Portfolio investments and the Investment Manager). The geographic composition is determined by the location of the corporate headquarters of the portfolio company.
Our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments are in companies conducting business in a variety of industries. The following tables show the composition of our LMM portfolio investments, Middle Market portfolio investments, and total combined LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, by industry at cost and fair value as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (this information excludes the Other Portfolio investments and the Investment Manager).
(1)Includes various industries with each industry individually less than 2.0% of the total LMM portfolio, total Middle Market portfolio and combined total LMM and Middle Market portfolio at each date.
(1)Includes various industries with each industry individually less than 2.0% of the total LMM portfolio, total Middle Market portfolio and combined total LMM and Middle Market portfolio at each date. Our LMM, Middle Market and Other Portfolio investments carry a number of risks including, but not limited to: (1) investing in LMM, Middle Market and Other Portfolio companies which may have limited operating histories and financial resources; (2) holding investments that generally are not publicly traded and which may be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale; and (3) other risks common to investing in below investment grade debt and equity investments. Please see "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Investments" for a more complete discussion of the risks involved with investing in our portfolio companies.
PORTFOLIO ASSET QUALITY
We utilize an internally developed investment rating system to rate the performance of each LMM portfolio company and to monitor our expected level of returns on each of our LMM investments in relation to our expectations for the portfolio company. The investment rating system takes into consideration various factors, including but not limited to each investment's expected level of returns and the collectability of our debt investments, comparisons to competitors and other industry participants and the portfolio company's future outlook.
•Investment Rating 1 represents a LMM portfolio company that is performing in a manner which significantly exceeds expectations.
•Investment Rating 2 represents a LMM portfolio company that, in general, is performing above expectations.
•Investment Rating 3 represents a LMM portfolio company that is generally performing in accordance with expectations.
•Investment Rating 4 represents a LMM portfolio company that is underperforming expectations. Investments with such a rating require increased monitoring and scrutiny by us.
•Investment Rating 5 represents a LMM portfolio company that is significantly underperforming. Investments with such a rating require heightened levels of monitoring and scrutiny by us and involve the recognition of significant unrealized depreciation on such investment. All new LMM portfolio investments receive an initial Investment Rating of 3.
The following table shows the distribution of our LMM portfolio investments on the 1 to 5 investment rating scale at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
Based upon our investment rating system, the weighted average rating of our LMM portfolio was approximately 2.1 as of December 31, 2012 and 2.2 as of December 31, 2011.
For the total investment portfolio, as of December 31, 2012, we had no investments with positive fair value on non-accrual status and one fully impaired investment which comprised approximately 0.2% of the total portfolio investments at cost, excluding the investment in the affiliated Investment Manager. As of December 31, 2011, we had one investment with positive fair value on non-accrual status, which comprised less than 0.1% of the total portfolio investments at fair value and, together with another fully impaired investment, comprised approximately 0.9% of the total portfolio investments at cost, in each case excluding the investment in the affiliated Investment Manager.
The broader fundamentals of the United States economy remain mixed, and unemployment remains elevated. In the event that the United States economy contracts, it is likely that the financial results of small- to mid-sized companies, like those in which we invest, could experience deterioration or limited growth from current levels, which could ultimately lead to difficulty in meeting their debt service requirements and an increase in defaults. Consequently, we can provide no assurance that the performance of certain portfolio
companies will not be negatively impacted by economic cycles or other conditions, which could also have a negative impact on our future results.
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011
(a)Distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income are net investment income and net realized income, respectively, as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, excluding the impact of share-based compensation expense which is non-cash in nature. We believe presenting distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income, and related per share amounts, is useful and appropriate supplemental disclosure of information for analyzing our financial performance since share-based compensation does not require settlement in cash. However, distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income are non-U.S. GAAP measures and should not be considered as a replacement to net investment income, net realized income, and other earnings measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Instead, distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income should be reviewed only in connection with such U.S. GAAP measures in analyzing our financial performance. A reconciliation of net investment income and net realized income in accordance with
U.S. GAAP to distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income is presented in the table above.
(b)Per share amounts exclude the earnings attributable to the noncontrolling equity interests in MSC II not owned by Main Street for the periods prior to the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange during the first quarter of 2012.
Investment Income
For the year ended December 31, 2012, total investment income was $90.5 million, a $24.3 million, or 37%, increase over the $66.2 million for the corresponding period of 2011. This comparable period increase was principally attributable to (i) a $19.1 million increase in interest income from increased activity in the investment portfolio and higher average levels of portfolio debt investments and interest-bearing marketable securities investments, (ii) a $3.2 million increase in dividend income from portfolio equity investments and (iii) a $2.0 million increase in fee income due to the increased activity in and size of the investment portfolio. The increase in investment income included (i) $1.8 million of non-recurring investment income during the first quarter of 2012 associated with repayment and financing activities for two LMM portfolio investments, (ii) a $3.2 million increase in investment income associated with higher levels of accelerated prepayment activity for certain Middle Market portfolio debt investments and marketable securities investments in comparison to 2011 and (iii) special dividend activity of $1.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2012, total expenses increased by approximately $4.3 million, or 16%, to $31.2 million from $26.9 million for the corresponding period of 2011. This comparable period increase in expenses was principally attributable to (i) higher interest expense of $2.1 million as a result of the net issuance of an additional $5 million in SBIC debentures subsequent to December 31, 2011, increased borrowing activity under the Credit Facility and higher unused fees associated with the increased commitments under the Credit Facility, (ii) higher share-based compensation expense of $0.5 million related to non-cash amortization for restricted share grants, and (iii) higher compensation and expenses of $1.7 million related to increases in personnel and incentive compensation compared to the corresponding period of 2011. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the ratio of our total operating expenses, excluding interest expense, as a percentage of our quarterly average total assets was 1.8% and 2.2%, respectively.
Distributable Net Investment Income
Distributable net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased to $61.9 million, or $2.09 per share, compared with distributable net investment income of $41.3 million, or $1.77 per share, for the corresponding period of 2011. The increase in distributable net investment income was primarily due to the higher level of total investment income partially offset by higher interest and other operating expenses, due to the changes discussed above. Distributable net investment income on a per share basis for the year ended 2012 reflects (i) an increase of approximately $0.13 per share from 2011 in investment income attributable to higher levels of accelerated prepayment and repricing activity for certain debt investments and marketable securities investments, (ii) approximately $0.05 per share from the special dividend activity in the fourth quarter of 2012 and (iii) a greater number of average shares outstanding compared to the corresponding period in 2011 primarily due to the net effect of December 2012, June 2012, October 2011 and March 2011 follow-on stock offerings.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $59.3 million, or a 51% increase, compared to net investment income of $39.3 million for the corresponding period of 2011. The increase in
net investment income was principally attributable to the increase in total investment income partially offset by higher interest and other operating expenses as discussed above.
Distributable Net Realized Income
Distributable net realized income increased to $78.4 million, or $2.65 per share, for the year ended 2012 compared with distributable net realized income of $44.0 million, or $1.89 per share, for the corresponding period of 2011. The increase was primarily attributable to the higher level of distributable net investment income and the higher level of total net realized gain from investments in 2012 compared to the corresponding period of 2011. The $16.5 million net realized gain during 2012 was primarily attributable to (i) realized gains recognized on two partial exits of LMM portfolio company equity investments, (ii) a realized gain recognized on the full exit of a LMM portfolio company equity investment and (iii) realized gains related to Middle Market and marketable securities investments, partially offset by (iv) realized losses on the full exits of three LMM portfolio company investments.
Net Realized Income
The higher level of net investment income and the higher level of total net realized gain from investments in 2012 compared to the corresponding period of 2011, both as discussed above, resulted in a $33.8 million increase in net realized income compared with the corresponding period of 2011.
Net Increase in Net Assets Resulting from Operations
The net increase in net assets resulting from operations attributable to common stock during the year ended December 31, 2012 was $104.4 million, or $3.53 per share, compared with a net increase of $63.0 million, or $2.76 per share, in 2011. This $41.4 million increase was a result of the increase in net realized income discussed above, plus differences in the net change in unrealized appreciation from portfolio investments, marketable securities, SBIC debentures and investment in the Investment Manager and the difference in the income tax provision. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the $44.5 million net change in unrealized appreciation from portfolio investments was principally attributable to (i) unrealized appreciation on 37 LMM portfolio investments totaling $57.8 million, partially offset by unrealized depreciation on 10 LMM portfolio investments totaling $4.6 million, (ii) $9.7 million of net unrealized appreciation on the Middle Market investment portfolio and (iii) $0.8 million of net unrealized appreciation on the Other Portfolio investments and Marketable securities and idle funds investments, partially offset by (iv) accounting reversals of net unrealized appreciation from prior periods of $18.3 million related to portfolio investment exits and repayments, and (v) accounting reversals of net unrealized appreciation from prior periods of $0.5 million related to Marketable securities and idle funds investments exits and repayments. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the $5.0 million net change in unrealized appreciation attributable to SBIC debentures and investment in the Investment Manager was primarily attributable to unrealized depreciation on the SBIC debentures held by MSC II. The noncontrolling interest of $0.1 million recognized during the first quarter of 2012 reflects the pro rata portion of the net increase in net assets resulting from operations for MSC II attributable to the equity interests in MSC II that were not owned by MSCC prior to MSCC's completion of the Final MSC II Exchange. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we also recognized a net income tax provision of $10.8 million related to deferred taxes of $8.0 million and other taxes of $2.8 million. The deferred taxes related primarily to net unrealized appreciation on equity investments held in our taxable subsidiaries. The other taxes include $1.6 million related to an accrual for excise tax on our estimated spillover taxable income as of December 31, 2012 and $1.2 million related to accruals for state and other taxes.
Comparison of years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
(a)Distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income are net investment income and net realized income, respectively, as determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, excluding the impact of share-based compensation expense which is non-cash in nature. We believe presenting distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income, and related per share amounts, is useful and appropriate supplemental disclosure of information for analyzing our financial performance since share-based compensation does not require settlement in cash. However, distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income are non-GAAP measures and should not be considered as a replacement to net investment income, net realized income, and other earnings measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Instead, distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income should be reviewed only in connection with such GAAP measures in analyzing our financial performance. A reconciliation of net investment income and net realized income in accordance with GAAP to distributable net investment income and distributable net realized income is presented in the table above.
(b)Per share amounts exclude the earnings attributable to the noncontrolling equity interests in MSC II not owned by Main Street.
Investment Income
For the year ended December 31, 2011, total investment income was $66.2 million, a $29.7 million, or 81%, increase over the $36.5 million of total investment income for the corresponding period of 2010. This comparable period increase was principally attributable to (i) a $23.8 million increase in interest income from higher average levels of both portfolio debt investments and interest-bearing marketable securities investments, (ii) a $4.3 million increase in dividend income from portfolio equity investments, and (iii) a $1.6 million increase in fee income due to higher levels of transaction activity. The increase in investment income included a $2.7 million increase in investment income associated with higher levels of accelerated prepayment and repricing activity for certain debt investments.
Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2011, total expenses increased by approximately $9.7 million, or 56%, to $26.9 million from $17.2 million for the corresponding period of 2010. This comparable period increase in expenses was principally attributable to (i) higher interest expense of $4.5 million as a result of the issuance of an additional $40 million in SBIC debentures subsequent to December 31, 2010, and increased borrowing activity under the Credit Facility, (ii) higher share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million related to non-cash amortization for restricted share grants, and (iii) higher compensation and other operating expenses of $4.7 million related to the significant increase in investment income and portfolio investments compared to the corresponding period of 2010. The ratio of total operating expenses, excluding interest expense, as a percentage of average total assets for the year ended December 31, 2011 was 2.2%, representing an approximate 7% decrease from the same ratio of 2.4% for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Distributable Net Investment Income
Distributable net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2011 increased to $41.3 million, or $1.77 per share, compared with distributable net investment income of $20.7 million, or $1.25 per share, for the corresponding period of 2010. The increase in distributable net investment income was primarily due to the higher level of total investment income partially offset by higher interest and other operating expenses, due to the changes discussed above. Distributable net investment income on a per share basis for the year ended 2011 reflects approximately $0.12 per share of investment income associated with higher levels of accelerated prepayment and repricing activity for certain debt investments and (ii) a greater number of average shares outstanding compared to the corresponding period in 2010 primarily due to the October 2011, March 2011, and August 2010 follow-on stock offerings.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $39.3 million, or a 104% increase, compared to net investment income of $19.3 million for the corresponding period of 2010. The increase in net investment income was principally attributable to the increase in total investment income partially offset by higher interest and other operating expenses as discussed above.
Distributable Net Realized Income
Distributable net realized income increased to $44.0 million, or $1.89 per share, for the year ended 2011 compared with distributable net realized income of $17.8 million, or $1.08 per share, for the corresponding period of 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to the higher level of distributable net investment income and the higher level of total net realized gain from investments in 2011 compared to the net realized loss from investments in the corresponding period of 2010. The $2.7 million net realized gain during 2011 was primarily attributable to (i) realized gain recognized on one partial exit of an LMM portfolio company equity investment, (ii) realized gain recognized on one full exit of an LMM portfolio company equity investment, and (iii) realized gains related to Middle Market and marketable securities investments. The $2.9 million net realized loss during the 2010 year was primarily attributable to $5.9 million of realized loss
from our debt and equity investments in two portfolio companies, partially offset by (i) $2.3 million of realized gain on two partial exits and one full exit of portfolio company equity investments and (ii) $0.7 million of realized gain related to Middle Market, marketable securities, and idle funds investments.
Net Realized Income
The higher level of net investment income and the change from net realized loss to net realized gain from investments during 2011 resulted in a $25.6 million increase in net realized income compared with the corresponding period of 2010.
Net Increase in Net Assets Resulting from Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2011, the $28.4 million net change in unrealized appreciation was principally attributable to (i) unrealized appreciation on 42 portfolio investments totaling $54.4 million, partially offset by unrealized depreciation on 24 portfolio investments totaling $14.2 million, (ii) $2.1 million of net unrealized depreciation on investments in Marketable securities and idle funds investments, (iii) accounting reversals of net unrealized appreciation related to the net realized gains recognized during 2011 in the amounts of $2.8 million for portfolio investments and $0.4 million for Marketable securities and idle funds investments, (iv) $6.3 million of net unrealized depreciation attributable to our SBIC debentures, and (v) $0.2 million in unrealized depreciation attributable to our investment in the affiliated Investment Manager. The noncontrolling interest of $1.1 million recognized during 2011 reflects the pro rata portion of MSC II net earnings attributable to the equity interests in MSC II not owned by Main Street. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we also recognized a net income tax provision of $6.3 million principally related to deferred taxes on net unrealized appreciation of certain portfolio investments held in our Taxable Subsidiaries.
As a result of these events, our net increase in net assets resulting from operations attributable to common stock during 2011 was $63.0 million, or $2.76 per share, compared with a net increase in net assets resulting from operations attributable to common stock of $38.7 million, or $2.38 per share, in 2010.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows
For the year ended December 31, 2012, we experienced a net increase in cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $20.9 million. During that period, we generated $48.9 million of cash from our operating activities, primarily from (i) distributable net investment income, excluding the non-cash effects of the accretion of unearned income, payment-in-kind interest income and the amortization of deferred financing costs, (ii) increases in payables, and (iii) realized gains, partially offset by increases in interest receivable. We used $184.5 million in net cash from investing activities, principally including the funding of $639.8 million for new portfolio company investments and the funding of $14.4 million for Marketable securities and idle funds investments, partially offset by (i) $400.0 million in cash proceeds from the repayment of portfolio debt investments, (ii) $35.1 million in cash proceeds from the exit of portfolio equity investments and (iii) $34.5 million of cash proceeds from the sale of Marketable securities and idle funds investments. During 2012, $156.5 million in cash was provided by financing activities, which principally consisted of (i) $169.9 million in net cash proceeds from public stock offerings in June and December 2012, (ii) $25.0 million in net cash proceeds from the Credit Facility and (iii) $5.0 million in net cash proceeds from the issuance of SBIC debentures, partially offset by (i) $39.9 million in cash dividends paid to stockholders and (ii) $2.2 million in loan costs associated with our SBIC debentures and the Credit Facility.
For the year ended December 31, 2011, we experienced a net increase in cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $20.3 million. During that period, we generated $37.2 million of cash from our operating activities, primarily from (i) distributable net investment income, excluding the non-cash effects of the accretion of unearned income, payment-in-kind interest income and the amortization of deferred financing costs, (ii) increases in payables, and (iii) realized gains, partially offset by (iv) increases in interest receivable. We
used $220.5 million in net cash from investing activities, principally including (i) the funding of $358.9 million for new portfolio company investments and (ii) the funding of $33.5 million for Marketable securities and idle funds investments, partially offset by (i) $160.2 million in cash proceeds from the repayment of portfolio debt investments and from the exit of portfolio equity investments and (ii) $11.7 million of cash proceeds from the sale of Marketable securities and idle funds investments. During 2011, $203.6 million in cash was provided by financing activities, which principally consisted of (i) $127.8 million in net cash proceeds from public stock offerings in March 2011 and October 2011, (ii) $40.0 million in cash proceeds from the issuance of SBIC debentures, and (iii) $68.0 million in net cash proceeds from the Credit Facility, partially offset by $28.3 million in cash dividends paid to stockholders and $2.3 million in loan costs associated with our SBIC debentures and credit facility.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, we experienced a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $8.3 million. During that period, we generated $16.6 million of cash from our operating activities, primarily from distributable net investment income partially offset by increases in interest receivable. We used $176.0 million in net cash from investing activities, principally including the funding of $157.7 million for new portfolio company investments and the funding of $100.6 million for Marketable securities and idle funds investments, partially offset by (i) $36.8 million of cash proceeds from the sale of Marketable securities and idle funds investments, (ii) $43.0 million in cash proceeds from the repayment of portfolio debt investments and from the exit of portfolio equity investments, and (iii) $2.5 million in cash acquired as part of the Exchange Offer. During 2010, $151.1 million in cash was provided by financing activities, which principally consisted of (i) $85.9 million in net cash proceeds from public stock offerings in January 2010 and August 2010, (ii) $45.0 million in cash proceeds from the issuance of SBIC debentures, and (iii) $39 million in net cash proceeds from the Credit Facility, partially offset by $16.3 million in cash dividends paid to stockholders and $2.1 million in loan costs associated with our SBIC debentures and the Credit Facility.
Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2012, we had $63.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $28.5 million in Marketable securities and idle funds investments. As of December 31, 2012, our net asset value totaled $643.0 million, or $18.59 per share.
In November 2011, we expanded the Credit Facility from $155 million to $210 million to provide additional liquidity in support of future investment and operational activities. The $55 million increase in total commitments included commitment increases by lenders currently participating in the Credit Facility, as well as the addition of one new lender relationship which diversified our lending group to a total of seven participants. In December 2011, we further expanded the Credit Facility from $210 million to $235 million. The $25 million increase in total commitments included the addition of one new lender relationship which further diversifies our lending group to a total of eight participants. In May 2012, we expanded the Credit Facility from $235.0 million to $277.5 million. The $42.5 million increase in total commitments included commitment increases by three lenders currently participating in the Credit Facility. The amended Credit Facility contained an upsized accordion feature that allows for a further increase in total commitments under the facility up to $350.0 million of total commitments from new and existing lenders on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. In July 2012, we further expanded the Credit Facility from $277.5 million to $287.5 million. The expansion of the Credit Facility included the addition of one new lender relationship which further diversified the Main Street lending group to a total of nine participants. These increases in total commitments were executed under the accordion feature of the Credit Facility which allowed us to increase the total commitments under the facility up to $300 million of total commitments from new or existing lenders on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. During November 2012, we amended the Credit Facility to extend the final maturity to five years, through September 2017. The amended Credit Facility contains an upsized accordion feature which allows us to increase the total commitments under the facility up to $400 million from new or existing lenders on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. The Credit Facility currently includes an initial revolving period
through September 2015 followed by a two-year term out period with a final maturity in September 2017, and contains two, one-year extension options which could extend both the revolving period and the final maturity by up to two years, subject to certain conditions including lender approval. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, subject to our election, on a per annum basis equal to (i) the applicable LIBOR rate (0.21% as of December 31, 2012) plus 2.50% or (ii) the applicable base rate (Prime Rate, 3.25% as of December 31, 2012) plus 1.50%. We pay unused commitment fees of 0.375% per annum on the average unused lender commitments under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is secured by a first lien on the assets of MSCC and its subsidiaries, excluding the assets of the Funds. The Credit Facility contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to: (i) maintaining an interest coverage ratio of at least 2.0 to 1.0, (ii) maintaining an asset coverage ratio of at least 2.5 to 1.0, and (iii) maintaining a minimum tangible net worth. At December 31, 2012, we had $132 million in borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility, bearing interest at an interest rate of 2.71%. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all financial covenants of the Credit Facility.
In March 2011, we completed a follow-on public stock offering in which we sold 4,025,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $18.35 per share (or approximately 141% of the then latest reported Net Asset Value per share), resulting in total net proceeds of approximately $70.3 million, after deducting underwriters' commissions and offering costs. In October 2011, we completed a follow-on public stock offering in which we sold 3,450,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $17.50 per share (or approximately 123% of the then latest reported Net Asset Value per share), resulting in total net proceeds of approximately $57.5 million, after deducting underwriters' commissions and offering costs. In June 2012, we completed a follow-on public stock offering in which we sold 4,312,500 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $22.50 per share (or approximately 143% of the then latest reported Net Asset Value per share), resulting in total net proceeds of approximately $93.0 million, after deducting underwriters' commissions and offering costs. In December 2012, we completed a follow-on public stock offering in which we sold 2,875,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $28.00 per share (or approximately 160% of the then latest reported Net Asset Value per share), resulting in total net proceeds of approximately $77.1 million, after deducting underwriters' commissions and offering costs.
Due to each of the Funds' status as a licensed SBIC, we have the ability to issue, through the Funds, debentures guaranteed by the SBA at favorable interest rates. Under the regulations applicable to SBIC funds, an SBIC can have outstanding debentures guaranteed by the SBA generally in an amount up to twice its regulatory capital, which effectively approximates the amount of its equity capital. Debentures guaranteed by the SBA have fixed interest rates that equal prevailing 10-year Treasury Note rates plus a market spread and have a maturity of ten years with interest payable semi-annually. The principal amount of the debentures is not required to be paid before maturity but may be pre-paid at any time with no prepayment penalty. On December 31, 2012, we, through the Funds, had $225 million of outstanding indebtedness guaranteed by the SBA, which carried a weighted average annual fixed interest rate of approximately 4.7%. The first maturity related to the SBIC debentures does not occur until 2014, and the remaining weighted average duration is approximately 6.4 years as of December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we voluntarily prepaid $16 million of SBIC debentures and issued $21 million of new SBIC debentures.
We anticipate that we will continue to fund our investment activities through existing cash and cash equivalents, the liquidation of Marketable securities and idle funds investments, and a combination of future debt and equity capital. Our primary uses of funds will be investments in portfolio companies, operating expenses and cash distributions to holders of our common stock.
We periodically invest excess cash balances into Marketable securities and idle funds investments. The primary investment objective of Marketable securities and idle funds investments is to generate incremental cash returns on excess cash balances prior to utilizing those funds for investment in our LMM and Middle Market portfolio investment strategy. Marketable securities and idle funds investments generally consist of
debt investments, independently rated debt investments, certificates of deposit with financial institutions, and diversified bond funds. The composition of Marketable securities and idle funds investments will vary in a given period based upon, among other things, changes in market conditions, the underlying fundamentals in our Marketable securities and idle funds investments, our outlook regarding future LMM and Middle Market portfolio investment needs, and any regulatory requirements applicable to Main Street.
If our common stock trades below our net asset value per share, we will generally not be able to issue additional common stock at the market price unless our stockholders approve such a sale and our Board of Directors makes certain determinations. A proposal, approved by our stockholders at our June 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, authorizes us to sell shares of our common stock below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock in one or more offerings for the period ending on the earlier of (i) June 14, 2013, the one year anniversary of our 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, or (ii) the date of our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders. We would need similar future approval from our stockholders to issue shares below the then current net asset value per share any time after the expiration of the current approval. We do not currently expect to seek such approval at our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders because our common stock price per share has been trading significantly above the current net asset value per share of our common stock.
In order to satisfy the Code requirements applicable to a RIC, we intend to distribute to our stockholders substantially all of our taxable income, but we may also elect to periodically spillover certain excess undistributed taxable income from one tax year into the next tax year. In addition, as a BDC, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which include borrowings and any preferred stock we may issue in the future, of at least 200%. This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow. In January 2008, we received an exemptive order from the SEC to exclude SBA-guaranteed debt securities issued by MSMF and any other wholly owned subsidiaries of ours which operate as SBICs from the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act as applicable to Main Street, which, in turn, enables us to fund more investments with debt capital.
Although we have been able to secure access to additional liquidity, including recent public stock offerings, our expanded $287.5 million Credit Facility, and the available leverage through the SBIC program, there is no assurance that debt or equity capital will be available to us in the future on favorable terms, or at all.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-04, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820), Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs ("ASU 2011-04"). ASU 2011-04 results in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a significant impact on Main Street's financial condition and results of operations.
In February 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310): A Creditor's Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("ASU 2011-02"). ASU 2011-02 clarifies which loan modifications constitute troubled debt restructurings. It is intended to assist creditors in determining whether a modification of the terms of a receivable meets the criteria to be considered a troubled debt restructuring, both for purposes of recording an impairment loss and for disclosure of troubled debt restructurings. In evaluating whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring, a creditor must separately conclude that both of the following exist: (a) the restructuring constitutes a concession; and (b) the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. ASU 2011-02 provides guidance to clarify whether the creditor has granted a concession and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and applies retrospectively to restructurings occurring on or after the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2011-02 did not have a significant impact on Main Street's financial condition and results of operations.
Inflation
Inflation has not had a significant effect on our results of operations in any of the reporting periods presented herein. However, our portfolio companies have experienced, and may in the future experience, the impacts of inflation on their operating results, including periodic escalations in their costs for raw materials and required energy consumption.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We may be a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of our portfolio companies. These instruments include commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of liquidity and credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. At December 31, 2012, we had a total of $72.4 million in outstanding commitments comprised of (i) seven commitments to fund revolving loans that had not been fully drawn and (ii) five capital commitments that had not been fully called.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2012, the future fixed commitments for cash payments in connection with our SBIC debentures for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
As of December 31, 2012, we had $132.0 million in borrowings outstanding under our Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is scheduled to mature in September 2017. The Credit Facility contains two, one year extension options which could extend the maturity to September 2019.
Pursuant to the support services agreement with MSCC, the Investment Manager is reimbursed each quarter by MSCC for its cash operating expenses, less fees that the Investment Manager receives from MSC II and third parties, associated with providing investment management and other services to MSCC, certain of its subsidiaries and third parties. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the expenses reimbursed by MSCC to the Investment Manager and management fees paid by MSC II were $10.7 million and $8.9 million, respectively.
Related Party Transactions
As discussed further in Note D to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, subsequent to the completion of the Formation Transactions, the Investment Manager is a wholly owned portfolio company of MSCC. At December 31, 2012, the Investment Manager had a receivable of $4.1 million due from MSCC related to operating expenses incurred by the Investment Manager required to support Main Street's business.
Recent Developments
During January 2013, we invested $40.5 million of capital in Quality Lease and Rental Holdings, LLC, the parent company of Quality Lease Service, LLC and Quality Lease Rental Service, LLC (together, "Quality"). Main Street's investment consists of $38 million in senior, secured term debt in Quality and a $2.5 million direct equity investment in Quality's parent holding company. Founded in 1989, Quality is headquartered in El Campo, Texas and provides drill site services and equipment rentals to the upstream oil and gas industry. Quality provides high quality, custom built mobile housing units to be used at the well site during drilling and completion operations. Quality also provides a variety of other services at the well site,
including pad, pit, and road construction, pipeline and flow line equipment installation, equipment rental and heavy hauling.
During March 2013, we declared regular monthly dividends of $0.155 per share for each of April, May and June 2013. These regular monthly dividends equal a total of $0.465 per share for the second quarter of 2013. The second quarter 2013 regular monthly dividends represent a 10.7% increase from the dividends declared for the second quarter of 2012. Including the dividends declared for the second quarter of 2013, we will have paid $9.29 per share in cumulative dividends since our October 2007 initial public offering.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect both our cost of funding and our interest income from portfolio investments, marketable securities, and idle funds investments. Our risk management systems and procedures are designed to identify and analyze our risk, to set appropriate policies and limits and to continually monitor these risks. Our investment income will be affected by changes in various interest rates, including LIBOR and prime rates, to the extent of any debt investments that include floating interest rates. The majority of our debt investments are made with either fixed interest rates or floating rates that are subject to contractual minimum interest rates for the term of the investment. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 57% of our debt investment portfolio (at cost) bore interest at floating rates with 99% of those floating-rate debt investments (at cost) subject to contractual minimum interest rates. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 94% of our Marketable securities and idle funds investments (at cost) bore interest at floating rates. Our interest expense will be affected by changes in the published LIBOR rate in connection with our Credit Facility; however, the long term interest rates on our outstanding SBIC debentures, which comprise the majority of our outstanding debt, are fixed for the 10-year life of such debt. As of December 31, 2012, we had not entered into any interest rate hedging arrangements. At December 31, 2012, based on our applicable levels of our Credit Facility and floating-rate debt investments, a 1% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on our level of interest expense or our level of interest income from debt investments.
Item 8.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and
Consolidated Schedules of Investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders' of
Main Street Capital Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Main Street Capital Corporation (a Maryland corporation) ("the Company"), including the consolidated schedule of investments, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in net assets and cash flows for each of three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 and the financial highlights (see Note H) for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our procedures included verification by confirmation of securities as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, or by other appropriate auditing procedures where replies were not received. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Main Street Capital Corporation as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and the financial highlights for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 8, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Houston, Texas
March 8, 2013
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders' of
Main Street Capital Corporation
We have audited internal control over financial reporting of Main Street Capital Corporation (a Maryland corporation) and subsidiaries ("the Company") as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on Main Street Capital Corporation's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Main Street Capital Corporation, including the consolidated schedule of investments, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in net assets and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 and the financial highlights (see Note H) for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2012, and our report dated March 8, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Houston, Texas
March 8, 2013
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets
(in thousands, except shares)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
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MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
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MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
(1) All investments are Lower Middle Market portfolio investments, unless otherwise noted.
(2) Debt investments are generally income producing. Equity and warrants are non-income producing, unless otherwise noted.
(3) See Note C for summary geographic location of portfolio companies.
(4) Principal is net of prepayments. Cost is net of prepayments and accumulated unearned income.
(5) Control investments are defined by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("1940 Act") as investments in which more than 25% of the voting securities are owned or where the ability to nominate greater than 50% of the board representation is maintained.
(6) Affiliate investments are defined by the 1940 Act as investments in which between 5% and 25% of the voting securities are owned and the investments are not classified as Control investments.
(7) Non-Control/Non-Affiliate investments are defined by the 1940 Act as investments that are neither Control investments nor Affiliate investments.
(8) Income producing through dividends or distributions.
(9) Index based floating interest rate is subject to contractual minimum interest rate.
(10) Middle Market portfolio investment.
(11) Other Portfolio investment.
(12) Investment is not a qualifying asset as defined under Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act. Qualifying assets must represent at least 70% of total assets at the time of acquisition of any additional non-qualifying assets.
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
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MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
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MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
(1)All investments are Lower Middle Market portfolio investments, unless otherwise noted.
(2) Debt investments are generally income producing. Equity and warrants are non-income producing, unless otherwise noted.
(3)See Note C for summary geographic location of portfolio companies.
(4) Principal is net of prepayments. Cost is net of prepayments and accumulated unearned income.
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
(5)Control investments are defined by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("1940 Act") as investments in which more than 25% of the voting securities are owned or where the ability to nominate greater than 50% of the board representation is maintained.
(6)Affiliate investments are defined by the 1940 Act as investments in which between 5% and 25% of the voting securities are owned and the investments are not classified as Control investments.
(7)Non-Control/Non-Affiliate investments are defined by the 1940 Act as investments that are neither Control investments nor Affiliate investments.
(8)Income producing through dividends or distributions.
(9) Index based floating interest rate is subject to contractual minimum interest rate.
(10) Middle Market portfolio investment.
(11) Other portfolio investment.
(12) Investment is not a qualifying asset as defined under Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act. Qualifying assets must represent at least 70% of total assets at the time of acquisition of any additional non-qualifying assets.
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE A - ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
1. Organization
Main Street Capital Corporation ("MSCC") was formed on March 9, 2007 for the purpose of (i) acquiring 100% of the equity interests of Main Street Mezzanine Fund, LP ("MSMF") and its general partner, Main Street Mezzanine Management, LLC ("MSMF GP"), (ii) acquiring 100% of the equity interests of Main Street Capital Partners, LLC (the "Investment Manager"), (iii) raising capital in an initial public offering, which was completed in October 2007 (the "IPO"), and (iv) thereafter operating as an internally managed business development company ("BDC") under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). MSMF is licensed as a Small Business Investment Company ("SBIC") by the United States Small Business Administration ("SBA") and the Investment Manager acts as MSMF's manager and investment adviser. Because the Investment Manager, which employs all of the executive officers and other employees of MSCC, is wholly owned by MSCC, MSCC does not pay any external investment advisory fees but instead incurs the operating costs associated with employing investment and portfolio management professionals through the Investment Manager. The IPO and related transactions discussed above were consummated in October 2007 and are collectively termed the "Formation Transactions."
On January 7, 2010, MSCC consummated transactions (the "Exchange Offer") to exchange 1,239,695 shares of its common stock for approximately 88% of the total dollar value of the limited partner interests in Main Street Capital II, LP ("MSC II" and, together with MSMF, the "Funds"). Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Offer, 100% of the membership interests in the general partner of MSC II, Main Street Capital II GP, LLC ("MSC II GP"), were also transferred to MSCC for no consideration. MSC II commenced operations in January 2006, is an investment fund that operates as an SBIC and is also managed by the Investment Manager. During the first quarter of 2012, MSCC exchanged 229,634 shares of its common stock to acquire all of the remaining minority ownership in the total dollar value of the MSC II limited partnership interests, including approximately 5% owned by affiliates of MSCC (the "Final MSC II Exchange"). After the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange, MSCC owns 100% of MSC II. The Exchange Offer and related transactions, including the transfer of the MSC II GP interests and the Final MSC II Exchange, are collectively termed the "Exchange Offer Transactions." The Exchange Offer was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805. Accordingly, the purchase price was preliminarily allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the Exchange Offer acquisition date. The fair value of the MSC II net assets acquired exceeded the fair value of the stock consideration issued, resulting in a bargain purchase gain of $4.9 million that was recorded by Main Street in the period that the Exchange Offer was completed.
MSCC has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). As a result, MSCC generally will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes to its stockholders as dividends.
MSCC has direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries that have elected to be taxable entities (the "Taxable Subsidiaries"). The primary purpose of these entities is to hold certain investments that generate "pass through" income for tax purposes. The Taxable Subsidiaries are each taxed at their normal corporate tax rates based on their taxable income.
Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the terms "we," "us," "our" and "Main Street" refer to MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries, which include the Funds and the Taxable Subsidiaries.
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
2. Basis of Presentation
Main Street's financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries. Portfolio investments, as used herein, refers to all of Main Street's investments in LMM portfolio companies, investments in Middle Market portfolio companies, Other Portfolio investments and investment in the Investment Manager but excludes all "Marketable securities and idle funds investments" (see Note C - Fair Value Hierarchy for Investments and Debentures - Portfolio Investment Composition for additional discussion of Main Street's portfolio investment composition and definitions for the terms LMM, Middle Market and Other Portfolio). The Investment Manager is accounted for as a portfolio investment (see Note D) and is not consolidated with MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries. "Marketable securities and idle funds investments" are classified as financial instruments and are reported separately on Main Street's Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Schedule of Investments due to the nature of such investments (see Note B.13.). Our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and financial position as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, are presented on a consolidated basis. The effects of all intercompany transactions between Main Street and its consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period balances to conform with the current financial statement presentation, including certain investments previously classified as Marketable securities and idle funds investments that are now considered a part of the Middle Market portfolio and are now classified as "Non-Control/Non-Affiliate investments", as defined below.
Under the investment company rules and regulations pursuant to Article 6 of Regulation S-X and the Audit and Accounting Guide for Investment Companies issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (the "AICPA Guide"), Main Street is precluded from consolidating portfolio company investments, including those in which it has a controlling interest, unless the portfolio company is another investment company. An exception to this general principle in the AICPA Guide occurs if Main Street owns a controlled operating company that provides all or substantially all of its services directly to Main Street or to an investment company of Main Street. None of the investments made by Main Street qualify for this exception. Therefore, Main Street's portfolio investments are carried on the balance sheet at fair value, as discussed further in Note B, with any adjustments to fair value recognized as "Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)" on the Statement of Operations until the investment is realized, usually upon exit, resulting in any gain or loss being recognized as a "Net Realized Gain (Loss) from Investments."
Portfolio Investment Classification
Main Street classifies its portfolio investments in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, (a) "Control Investments" are defined as investments in which Main Street owns more than 25% of the voting securities or has rights to maintain greater than 50% of the board representation, (b) "Affiliate Investments" are defined as investments in which Main Street owns between 5% and 25% of the voting securities and does not have rights to maintain greater than 50% of the board representation, and (c) "Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments" are defined as investments that are neither Control Investments nor Affiliate Investments. The line item on Main Street's Consolidated Balance Sheets entitled "Investment in affiliated Investment Manager" represents Main Street's investment in a wholly owned investment manager subsidiary that is accounted for as a portfolio investment.
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NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1. Valuation of Portfolio Investments
Main Street accounts for its LMM portfolio investments, Middle Market portfolio investments, Other Portfolio investments and investment in the Investment Manager at fair value. As a result, Main Street follows the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("Codification" or "ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASC 820 requires Main Street to assume that the portfolio investment is to be sold in the principal market to independent market participants, which may be a hypothetical market. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact.
Main Street's portfolio strategy calls for it to invest primarily in illiquid securities issued by private, LMM companies and debt securities issued by Middle Market companies that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies. These portfolio investments may be subject to restrictions on resale. LMM investments and Other Portfolio investments generally have no established trading market while Middle Market securities generally have established markets that are not active. Main Street determines in good faith the fair value of its portfolio investments pursuant to a valuation policy in accordance with ASC 820 and a valuation process approved by its Board of Directors and in accordance with the 1940 Act. For LMM portfolio investments, Main Street reviews external events, including private mergers, sales and acquisitions involving comparable companies, and includes these events in the valuation process. For Middle Market portfolio investments, Main Street primarily uses observable inputs such as quoted prices in the valuation process. For Middle Market portfolio investments for which sufficient observable inputs are not available to determine fair value, Main Street generally uses a combination of observable inputs through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing and an approach similar to the income approach using a yield-to-maturity model used to value its LMM portfolio debt investments. Main Street's valuation policy and process are intended to provide a consistent basis for determining the fair value of the portfolio.
For valuation purposes, "control" LMM portfolio investments are composed of debt and equity securities in companies for which Main Street has a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Market quotations are generally not readily available for Main Street's control LMM portfolio investments. For control LMM portfolio investments, Main Street determines the fair value using a combination of market and income approaches. Under the market approach, Main Street will typically use the enterprise value methodology to determine the fair value of these investments. The enterprise value is the fair value at which an enterprise could be sold in a transaction between two willing parties, other than through a forced or liquidation sale. Typically, private companies are bought and sold based on multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), cash flows, net income, revenues, or in limited cases, book value. There is no single methodology for estimating enterprise value. For any one portfolio company, enterprise value is generally described as a range of values from which a single estimate of enterprise value is derived. In estimating the enterprise value of a portfolio company, Main Street analyzes various factors including the portfolio company's historical and projected financial results. Main Street allocates the enterprise value to investments in order of the legal priority of the various components of the portfolio company's capital structure. Main Street will also use the income approach to determine the fair value of these securities, based on projections of the discounted future free cash flows that the portfolio company or the debt security will likely generate and which includes using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position
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and credit risk of each of these portfolio investments. The valuation approaches for Main Street's control LMM portfolio investments estimate the value of the investment if Main Street were to sell, or exit, the investment. In addition, these valuation approaches consider the value associated with Main Street's ability to control the capital structure of the portfolio company, as well as the timing of a potential exit.
For valuation purposes, "non-control" LMM portfolio investments are composed of debt and equity securities in companies for which Main Street does not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Market quotations are generally not readily available for non-control LMM portfolio investments. For non-control LMM portfolio investments, Main Street uses a combination of the market and income approaches to value its equity investments and the income approach to value its debt investments similar to the approaches used for our control LMM portfolio investments and which includes using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position and credit risk of each of these portfolio investments. Main Street's estimate of the expected repayment date of a LMM debt security is generally the legal maturity date of the instrument, as Main Street generally intends to hold its loans to maturity. The yield-to-maturity analysis considers changes in leverage levels, credit quality, portfolio company performance and other factors. Main Street will use the value determined by the yield-to-maturity analysis as the fair value for that security; however, because of Main Street's general intent to hold its loans to maturity, the fair value will not exceed the face amount of the LMM debt security. A change in the assumptions that Main Street uses to estimate the fair value of its LMM debt securities using the yield-to-maturity analysis could have a material impact on the determination of fair value. If there is deterioration in credit quality or if a LMM debt security is in workout status, Main Street may consider other factors in determining the fair value of the LMM debt security, including the value attributable to the debt security from the enterprise value of the portfolio company or the proceeds that would most likely be received in a liquidation analysis.
Pursuant to its internal valuation process and the requirements under the 1940 Act, Main Street performs valuation procedures on its investments in each LMM portfolio company once a quarter. In addition to its internal valuation process, in arriving at estimates of fair value for its investments in its LMM portfolio companies, Main Street, among other things, consults with a nationally recognized independent advisor. The nationally recognized independent advisor is generally consulted relative to Main Street's investments in each LMM portfolio company at least once in every calendar year, and for Main Street's investments in new LMM portfolio companies, at least once in the twelve-month period subsequent to the initial investment. In certain instances, Main Street may determine that it is not cost-effective, and as a result is not in its stockholders' best interest, to consult with the nationally recognized independent advisor on its investments in one or more LMM portfolio companies. Such instances include, but are not limited to, situations where the fair value of Main Street's investment in a LMM portfolio company is determined to be insignificant relative to the total investment portfolio. Main Street consulted with its independent advisor in arriving at Main Street's determination of fair value on its investments in a total of 47 LMM portfolio companies for the year ended December 31, 2012, representing approximately 80% of the total LMM portfolio and investment in the affiliated Investment Manager at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and on a total of 42 portfolio companies, including 41 LMM portfolio companies and our affiliated Investment Manager, for the year ended December 31, 2011, representing approximately 81% of the total LMM portfolio and investment in the affiliated Investment Manager at fair value as of December 31, 2011.
For valuation purposes, all of Main Street's Middle Market portfolio investments are non-control investments for which Main Street does not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Main Street primarily uses observable inputs to determine the fair value of these investments through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing. For Middle Market portfolio investments for which sufficient observable inputs are not
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available to determine fair value, Main Street generally uses a combination of observable inputs through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing and an approach similar to the income approach using a yield-to-maturity model used to value its LMM portfolio debt investments.
For valuation purposes, all of Main Street's Other Portfolio investments are non-control investments for which Main Street generally does not have a controlling interest in the portfolio company or the ability to nominate a majority of the portfolio company's board of directors. Main Street's Other Portfolio investments comprised 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively, of Main Street's investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. Similar to the LMM investment portfolio, market quotations for Other Portfolio equity investments are generally not readily available. For its Other Portfolio equity investments, Main Street determines the fair value based on the fair value of the portfolio company as determined by independent third parties and based on Main Street's proportional ownership in the portfolio company, as well as the financial position and assessed risk of each of these portfolio investments. For Other Portfolio debt investments with observable inputs, Main Street determines the fair value of these investments through obtaining third party quotes or other independent pricing. To the extent observable inputs are not available for its Other Portfolio debt investments, Main Street values these Other Portfolio debt investments through an approach similar to the income approach using a yield-to-maturity model used to value its non-control LMM portfolio debt investments.
Due to the inherent uncertainty in the valuation process, Main Street's determination of fair value for its portfolio investments may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed. In addition, changes in the market environment, portfolio company performance and other events that may occur over the lives of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be materially different than the valuations currently assigned. Main Street determines the fair value of each individual investment and records changes in fair value as unrealized appreciation or depreciation.
Main Street uses a standard internal portfolio investment rating system in connection with its investment oversight, portfolio management and analysis and investment valuation procedures for its LMM portfolio companies. This system takes into account both quantitative and qualitative factors of the LMM portfolio company and the investments held therein.
The Board of Directors of Main Street has the final responsibility for reviewing and approving, in good faith, Main Street's determination of the fair value for its portfolio investments consistent with the 1940 Act requirements. Main Street believes its portfolio investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 approximate fair value as of those dates based on the market in which Main Street operates and other conditions in existence on those reporting dates.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions or assumptions. Additionally, as explained above, the financial statements include portfolio investments whose values have been estimated by Main Street with the oversight, review and approval by Main Street's Board of Directors in the absence of readily ascertainable market values. Because of the inherent uncertainty of the portfolio investment valuations, those estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the differences could be material.
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3. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
At December 31, 2012, cash balances totaling $57.5 million exceeded FDIC insurance protection levels, subjecting the Company to risk related to the uninsured balance. All of the Company's cash deposits are held at large established high credit quality financial institutions and management believes that the risk of loss associated with any uninsured balances is remote.
4. Marketable Securities and Idle Funds Investments
Marketable securities and idle funds investments include investments in intermediate-term secured debt and independently rated debt investments. See the "Consolidated Schedule of Investments" for more information on Marketable securities and idle funds investments.
5. Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and dividend income is recorded on the accrual basis to the extent amounts are expected to be collected. Dividend income is recorded as dividends are declared or at the point an obligation exists for the portfolio company to make a distribution. In accordance with Main Street's valuation policy, accrued interest and dividend income is evaluated periodically for collectability. When a loan or debt security becomes 90 days or more past due, and if Main Street otherwise does not expect the debtor to be able to service all of its debt or other obligations, Main Street will generally place the loan or debt security on non-accrual status and cease recognizing interest income on that loan or debt security until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and intent to pay contractual amounts due. If a loan or debt security's status significantly improves regarding the debtor's ability to service the debt or other obligations, or if a loan or debt security is fully impaired, sold or written off, it will be removed from non-accrual status.
Main Street holds debt and preferred equity instruments in its investment portfolio that contain payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest and cumulative dividend provisions. The PIK interest, computed at the contractual rate specified in each debt agreement, is periodically added to the principal balance of the debt and is recorded as interest income. Thus, the actual collection of this interest may be deferred until the time of debt principal repayment. Cumulative dividends are recorded as dividend income, and any dividends in arrears are added to the balance of the preferred equity investment. The actual collection of dividends in arrears may be deferred until such time as the preferred equity is redeemed. To maintain RIC tax treatment (as discussed below), these non-cash sources of income may need to be paid out to stockholders in the form of distributions, even though Main Street may not have collected the PIK interest and cumulative dividends in cash. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, (i) approximately 4.3%, 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively, of Main Street's total investment income was attributable to PIK interest income not paid currently in cash and (ii) approximately 0.3%, 2.5% and 2.5%, respectively, of Main Street's total investment income was attributable to cumulative dividend income not paid currently in cash.
As of December 31, 2012, Main Street had no investments with positive fair value on non-accrual status and one fully impaired investment which comprised approximately 0.2% of the total portfolio investments at cost, in each case, excluding the investment in the affiliated Investment Manager. As of December 31, 2011, Main Street had one investment with positive fair value on non-accrual status, which comprised less than 0.1% of the total portfolio investments at fair value and, together with another fully impaired investment, comprised approximately 0.9% of the total portfolio investments at cost, in each case excluding the investment in the affiliated Investment Manager.
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6. Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs include SBIC debenture commitment fees and SBIC debenture leverage fees on the SBIC debentures which are not accounted for under the fair value option under ASC 825. These deferred financing costs have been capitalized and are being amortized into interest expense over the term of the debenture agreement (10 years).
Deferred financing costs also include costs related to our multi-year investment credit facility (the "Credit Facility", as discussed further in Note G). These costs have been capitalized and are amortized into interest expense over their respective terms.
7. Fee Income - Structuring and Advisory Services
Main Street may periodically provide services, including structuring and advisory services, to its portfolio companies. For services that are separately identifiable and evidence exists to substantiate fair value, income is recognized as earned, which is generally when the investment or other applicable transaction closes. Fees received in connection with debt financing transactions for services that do not meet these criteria are treated as debt origination fees and are accreted into interest income over the life of the financing.
8. Unearned Income - Debt Origination Fees and Original Issue Discount and Discounts/Premiums to Par Value
Main Street capitalizes debt origination fees received in connection with financings and reflects such fees as unearned income netted against the applicable debt investments. The unearned income from the fees is accreted into interest income based on the effective interest method over the life of the financing.
In connection with its portfolio debt investments, Main Street sometimes receives nominal cost warrants ("nominal cost equity") that are valued as part of the negotiation process with the particular portfolio company. When Main Street receives nominal cost equity, Main Street allocates its cost basis in its investment between its debt security and its nominal cost equity at the time of origination. Any discount recorded on a debt investment resulting from this allocation is reflected as unearned income, which is netted against the applicable debt investment and accreted into interest income based on the effective interest method over the life of the debt. The actual collection of this interest is deferred until the time of debt principal repayment.
Main Street may also purchase debt securities at a discount or at a premium to the par value of the debt security. In the case of a purchase at a discount, Main Street records the investment at the par value of the debt security net of the discount, and the discount is accreted into interest income based on the effective interest method over the life of the debt investment. In the case of a purchase at a premium, Main Street records the investment at the par value of the debt security plus the premium, and the premium is amortized as a reduction to interest income based on the effective interest method over the life of the debt. To maintain RIC tax treatment (as discussed below in Note B.10.), these non-cash sources of income may need to be paid out to stockholders in the form of distributions, even though Main Street may not have collected the interest income. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, approximately 3.7%, 3.5% and 4.4%, respectively, of Main Street's total investment income was attributable to interest income for the accretion of discounts associated with debt investments, net of any premium reduction.
9. Share-Based Compensation
Main Street accounts for its share-based compensation plans using the fair value method, as prescribed by ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Accordingly, for restricted stock awards, Main Street measures the grant date fair value based upon the market price of its common stock on the date of the grant
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and amortizes that fair value to share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term.
10. Income Taxes
MSCC has elected and intends to continue to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to a RIC under the Code, and, among other things, intends to make the required distributions to its stockholders as specified therein. In order to qualify as a RIC, MSCC is required to timely distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, each year. Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, MSCC may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income. As part of maintaining RIC status, undistributed taxable income (subject to a 4% excise tax) pertaining to a given fiscal year may be distributed up to 12 months subsequent to the end of that fiscal year, provided such dividends are declared prior to the filing of the federal income tax return for the prior year. The Taxable Subsidiaries hold certain portfolio investments of Main Street. The Taxable Subsidiaries are consolidated for U.S. GAAP reporting purposes, and the portfolio investments held by them are included in the consolidated financial statements. The Taxable Subsidiaries permit Main Street to hold equity investments in portfolio companies which are "pass through" entities for tax purposes in order to comply with the "source income" requirements contained in the RIC tax provisions. The Taxable Subsidiaries are not consolidated with Main Street for income tax purposes and may generate income tax expense, or benefit, as a result of their ownership of certain portfolio investments. This income tax expense, or benefit, is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations.
The Taxable Subsidiaries use the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, using statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Taxable income generally differs from net income for financial reporting purposes due to temporary and permanent differences in the recognition of income and expenses. Taxable income generally excludes net unrealized appreciation or depreciation, as investment gains or losses are not included in taxable income until they are realized.
11. Net Realized Gains or Losses from Investments and Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation from Investments
Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the sale or redemption of an investment and the cost basis of the investment, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments written-off during the period net of recoveries and realized gains or losses from in-kind redemptions. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation from investments reflects the net change in the fair value of the investment portfolio and financial instruments and the reclassification of any prior period unrealized appreciation or depreciation on exited investments to realized gains or losses.
12. Concentration of Credit Risks
Main Street places its cash in financial institutions, and, at times, such balances may be in excess of the federally insured limit.
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13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value estimates are made at discrete points in time based on relevant information. These estimates may be subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Main Street believes that the carrying amounts of its financial instruments, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate the fair values of such items due to the short term nature of these instruments. Marketable securities and idle funds investments may include investments in certificates of deposit, U.S. government agency securities, independently rated debt investments, and diversified bond funds and the fair value determination for these investments under the provisions of ASC 820 generally consists of Level 2 observable inputs, similar in nature to those described above in "Valuation of Portfolio Investments".
As part of the Exchange Offer, Main Street elected the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825") relating to accounting for debt obligations at their fair value, for the MSC II SBIC debentures acquired (the "Acquired Debentures") as part of the acquisition accounting related to the Exchange Offer and valued those obligations as discussed further in Note C. In order to provide for a more consistent basis of presentation, Main Street has continued to elect the fair value option for SBIC debentures issued by MSC II subsequent to the Exchange Offer. Once the fair value option is elected for a given SBIC debenture, the deferred loan costs associated with the debenture are fully expensed in the current period to "Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) - SBIC debentures" as part of the fair value adjustment. Interest incurred in connection with SBIC debentures which are valued at fair value is included in interest expense.
14. Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted per share calculations are computed utilizing the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Main Street adopted the amended guidance in ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, and based on the guidance, determined that unvested shares of restricted stock are participating securities and should therefore be included in the basic earnings per share calculation. As a result, for all periods presented, there is no difference between diluted earnings per share and basic earnings per share amounts.
As a result of the Exchange Offer, which left a minority portion of MSC II's equity interests owned by certain non-Main Street entities, the net earnings of MSC II attributable to the remaining noncontrolling interest in MSC II are excluded from all per share amounts presented, and the per share amounts only reflect the net earnings attributable to Main Street's ownership interest in MSC II. During the first quarter of 2012, MSCC completed the Final MSC II Exchange to acquire all of the minority portion of MSC II's equity interests not already owned by MSCC. The following table provides a reconciliation of Net Investment Income and Net Realized Income attributable to common stock by excluding amounts related to the
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noncontrolling interest in MSC II that remained owned by non-Main Street entities for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
15. Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-04, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820), Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs ("ASU 2011-04"). ASU 2011-04 results in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a significant impact on Main Street's financial condition and results of operations.
In February 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310): A Creditor's Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("ASU 2011-02"). ASU 2011-02 clarifies which loan modifications constitute troubled debt restructurings. It is intended to assist creditors in determining whether a modification of the terms of a receivable meets the criteria to be considered a troubled debt restructuring, both for purposes of recording an impairment loss and for disclosure of troubled debt restructurings. In evaluating whether a restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring, a creditor must separately conclude that both of the following exist: (a) the restructuring constitutes a concession; and (b) the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. ASU 2011-02 provides guidance to clarify whether the creditor has granted a concession and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and applies retrospectively to restructurings occurring on or after the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2011-02 did not have a significant impact on Main Street's financial condition and results of operations.
NOTE C - FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY FOR INVESTMENTS AND DEBENTURES - PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION
ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value, and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Main Street accounts for its investments at fair value.
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Fair Value Hierarchy
In accordance with ASC 820, Main Street has categorized its investments based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical investments (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Investments recorded on Main Street's balance sheet are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1 - Investments whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in an active market that Main Street has the ability to access (examples include investments in active exchange-traded equity securities and investments in most U.S. government and agency securities).
Level 2 - Investments whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the investment. Level 2 inputs include the following:
•Quoted prices for similar assets in active markets (for example, investments in restricted stock);
•Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets (for example, investments in thinly traded public companies);
•Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the investment (for example, market interest rate indices); and
•Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the investment.
Level 3 - Investments whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement (for example, investments in illiquid securities issued by private companies). These inputs reflect management's own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the investment.
As required by ASC 820, when the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. For example, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3). Therefore, unrealized appreciation and depreciation related to such investments categorized within the Level 3 table below may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable inputs (Level 3). Main Street conducts reviews of fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification for certain investments.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street's LMM portfolio investments consisted of illiquid securities issued by private companies. The fair value determination for these investments primarily consisted of unobservable inputs. As a result, all of Main Street's LMM portfolio investments were categorized as Level 3 as of December 31, 2012, and all but one LMM portfolio investment was categorized as Level 3 as of December 31, 2011.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street's Middle Market portfolio investments and Marketable securities and idle funds investments consisted primarily of investments in secured and unsecured debt investments and independently rated debt investments. The fair value determination for these investments consisted a combination of observable inputs and unobservable inputs in non-active markets. As a result, a significant portion of Main Street's Middle Market portfolio investments and all of Main Street's Marketable
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securities and idle funds investments were categorized as Level 2 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. For those Middle Market portfolio investments for which sufficient observable inputs were not available to determine fair value, Main Street categorized such investments as Level 3 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street's Other Portfolio debt investments consisted of investments in secured debt investments. The fair value determination for certain Other Portfolio debt investments consisted of observable inputs in non-active markets and, as such, were categorized as Level 2 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. To the extent that there were Other Portfolio debt investments for which sufficient observable inputs were not available to determine fair value, Main Street categorized such investments as Level 3 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street's Other Portfolio equity investments consisted of illiquid securities issued by private companies. The fair value determination for these investments primarily consisted of unobservable inputs. As a result, all of Main Street's Other Portfolio equity investments were categorized as Level 3 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
The fair value determination of each portfolio investment categorized as Level 3 required one or more of the following unobservable inputs:
•Financial information obtained from each portfolio company, including unaudited statements of operations and balance sheets for the most recent period available as compared to budgeted numbers;
•Current and projected financial condition of the portfolio company;
•Current and projected ability of the portfolio company to service its debt obligations;
•Type and amount of collateral, if any, underlying the investment;
•Current financial ratios (e.g., fixed charge coverage ratio, interest coverage ratio, and net debt/EBITDA ratio) applicable to the investment;
•Current liquidity of the investment and related financial ratios (e.g., current ratio and quick ratio);
•Pending debt or capital restructuring of the portfolio company;
•Projected operating results of the portfolio company;
•Current information regarding any offers to purchase the investment;
•Current ability of the portfolio company to raise any additional financing as needed;
•Changes in the economic environment which may have a material impact on the operating results of the portfolio company;
•Internal occurrences that may have an impact (both positive and negative) on the operating performance of the portfolio company;
•Qualitative assessment of key management;
•Contractual rights, obligations or restrictions associated with the investment; and
•Other factors deemed relevant.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Main Street's LMM equity securities are (i) EBITDA multiples and (ii) the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC"). Significant increases (decreases) in EBITDA multiple inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. On the contrary, significant increases (decreases) in WACC inputs in isolation would
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result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Main Street's LMM debt securities and Other Portfolio debt securities are (i) risk adjusted discount factors used in the yield-to-maturity valuation technique (described in Note B.1. - Valuation of Portfolio Investments) and (ii) adjustment factors to estimate the percentage of expected principal recovery. Significant increases (decreases) in any of these yield valuation inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. However, due to the nature of certain investments, fair value measurements may be based on other criteria, such as third-party appraisals of collateral, and not presented in the table below.
The following table is not intended to be all-inclusive, but, rather, provides a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value Main Street's Level 3 portfolio investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.
(1)EBITDA may include proforma adjustments and/or other addbacks based on specific circumstances related to each investment.
(2)Range excludes outliers that are greater than one standard deviation from the mean.
(3)Does not include investments for which the valuation technique does not include the use of the applicable fair value input.
(1)EBITDA may include proforma adjustments and/or other addbacks based on specific circumstances related to each investment.
(2)Range excludes outliers that are greater than one standard deviation from the mean.
(3)Does not include investments for which the valuation technique does not include the use of the applicable fair value input.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of Main Street's Level 3 portfolio investments for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (amounts in thousands):
(1)Includes the impact of non-cash conversions.
(2)Reflects the adjustment to the investment in the Investment Manager in connection with the acquisition of the remaining externally owned MSC II equity interests.
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the fair value determination for the SBIC debentures recorded at fair value primarily consisted of unobservable inputs. As a result, the SBIC debentures which are recorded at fair value were categorized as Level 3. Main Street determines the fair value of these instruments primarily using a yield-to-maturity approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for each SBIC debenture recorded at fair value based on estimated market interest rates for debt instruments of similar structure, terms and maturity. Main Street's estimate of the expected repayment date of principal for each SBIC debenture recorded at fair value is the legal maturity date of the instrument, as Main Street generally does not intend to repay these SBIC debentures prior to maturity.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Main Street's SBIC debentures recorded at fair value are the estimated market interest rates used to fair value each debenture using the yield valuation technique described above. Significant increases (decreases) in the yield-to-maturity valuation inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
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The following table is not intended to be all-inclusive but, rather, provides a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value Main Street's Level 3 SBIC debentures as of December 31, 2012 and 2011(amounts in thousands).
The following table provides a summary of changes for the Level 3 SBIC debentures recorded at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (amounts in thousands).
At December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street's investments and SBIC debentures at fair value were categorized as follows in the fair value hierarchy for ASC 820 purposes:
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Portfolio Investment Composition
Main Street's lower middle market ("LMM") portfolio investments principally consist of secured debt, equity warrants and direct equity investments in privately held, LMM companies based in the United States. Main Street's LMM portfolio companies generally have annual revenues between $10 million and $150 million, and its LMM investments generally range in size from $5 million to $25 million. The LMM debt investments are typically secured by either a first or second lien on the assets of the portfolio company, primarily bear interest at fixed rates, and generally mature between five and seven years from the original investment date. In most LMM portfolio companies, Main Street usually receives nominally priced equity warrants and/or makes direct equity investments in connection with a debt investment.
Main Street's middle market ("Middle Market") portfolio investments primarily consist of direct or secondary investments in interest-bearing debt securities in companies based in the United States that are generally larger in size than the LMM companies included in Main Street's LMM portfolio. Main Street's Middle Market portfolio companies generally have annual revenues between $150 million and $1.5 billion and its Middle Market investments generally range in size from $3 million to $15 million. Main Street's Middle Market portfolio debt investments are generally secured by either a first or second priority lien on the assets of the company and typically have a term of between three and five years.
Main Street's other portfolio ("Other Portfolio") investments primarily consist of investments which are not consistent with the typical profiles for LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments which may be managed by third parties. In the Other Portfolio, Main Street may incur indirect fees and expenses in connection with investments managed by third parties, such as investments in other investment companies or private funds.
Investment income, consisting of interest, dividends and fees, can fluctuate dramatically due to various factors, including the level of new investment activity, repayments of debt investments or sales of equity interests. Investment income in any given year could be highly concentrated among several portfolio companies. For years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, Main Street did not record (i) investment income from any LMM portfolio company in excess of 10% of total LMM investment income, (ii) investment income from any Middle Market portfolio company in excess of 10% of total Middle Market investment
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income or (iii) investment income from any single portfolio company in excess of 10% of total investment income.
As of December 31, 2012, Main Street had debt and equity investments in 59 LMM portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $510.3 million, with a total cost basis of approximately $408.0 million, and a weighted average annual effective yield on its LMM debt investments of approximately 14.2%. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 76% of Main Street's total LMM portfolio investments at cost were in the form of debt investments and approximately 94% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of Main Street's LMM portfolio companies. At December 31, 2012, Main Street had equity ownership in approximately 90% of its LMM portfolio companies and the average fully diluted equity ownership in those portfolio companies was approximately 32%. As of December 31, 2011, we had debt and equity investments in 54 LMM portfolio companies with an aggregate fair value of approximately $415.7 million, a total cost basis of approximately $349.0 million and a weighted average annual effective yield on our LMM debt investments of approximately 14.8%. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 74% of Main Street's total LMM portfolio investments at cost were in the form of debt investments and approximately 93% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on the assets of Main Street's LMM portfolio companies. At December 31, 2011, Main Street had equity ownership in approximately 94% of its LMM portfolio companies and the average fully diluted equity ownership in those portfolio companies was approximately 34%. The weighted average annual yields were computed using the effective interest rates for all debt investments at December 31, 2012 and 2011, including amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of original issue discount but excluding fees payable upon repayment of the debt instruments and any debt investments on non-accrual status.
As of December 31, 2012, Main Street had Middle Market portfolio investments in 85 companies collectively totaling approximately $390.0 million in fair value with a total cost basis of approximately $385.5 million. The weighted average revenue for the 85 Middle Market portfolio company investments was approximately $513.5 million as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2012, almost all of Main Street's Middle Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments and approximately 92% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on portfolio company assets. The weighted average annual effective yield on Main Street's Middle Market portfolio debt investments was approximately 8.8% as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011, Main Street had Middle Market portfolio investments in 57 companies collectively totaling approximately $226.5 million in fair value with a total cost basis of approximately $228.9 million. The weighted average revenue for the 57 Middle Market portfolio company investments was approximately $472.6 million as of December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, almost all of our Middle Market portfolio investments were in the form of debt investments and approximately 82% of such debt investments at cost were secured by first priority liens on portfolio company assets. The weighted average annual effective yield on Main Street's Middle Market portfolio debt investments was approximately 9.5% as of December 31, 2011. The weighted average annual yields were computed using the effective interest rates for all debt investments at December 31, 2012 and 2011, including amortization of deferred debt origination fees and accretion of original issue discount but excluding fees payable upon repayment of the debt instruments.
As of December 31, 2012, Main Street had Other Portfolio investments in 3 companies collectively totaling approximately $24.1 million in fair value and approximately $23.6 million in cost basis and which comprised 2.6% of Main Street's investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011, Main Street had Other Portfolio investments in 3 companies collectively totaling approximately $14.1 million in both fair value and cost basis and which comprised 2.1% of Main Street's investment portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2011.
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For the year ended December 31, 2012, there was one portfolio company investment transfer from the Middle Market portfolio investment category to the Other Portfolio investment category totaling $2.0 million at fair value and $1.7 million at cost as of December 31, 2012.
The following table summarizes the composition of Main Street's LMM investment portfolio, Middle Market investment portfolio and total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio at cost and fair value by type of investment as a percentage of the total LMM investment portfolio, the total Middle Market investment portfolio and the total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio, respectively, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (this information excludes the Other Portfolio investments and the Investment Manager).
The following table shows Main Street's LMM investment portfolio, Middle Market investment portfolio, and total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio composition by geographic region of the United States and other countries at cost and fair value as a percentage of the total LMM investment portfolio, the total Middle Market investment portfolio, and the total combined LMM and Middle Market investment portfolio, respectively, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (this information excludes the Other
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Portfolio investments and the Investment Manager). The geographic composition is determined by the location of the corporate headquarters of the portfolio company.
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Main Street's LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments are in companies conducting business in a variety of industries. The following tables show the composition of Main Street's LMM portfolio investments, Middle Market portfolio investments and total combined LMM and Middle Market portfolio investments by industry at cost and fair value as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 (this information excludes the Other Portfolio investments and the Investment Manager).
(1)Includes various industries with each industry individually less than 2.0% of the total LMM portfolio, total Middle Market portfolio and combined total LMM and Middle Market portfolio at each date.
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(1)Includes various industries with each industry individually less than 2.0% of the total LMM portfolio, total Middle Market portfolio and combined total LMM and Middle Market portfolio at each date. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, Main Street had no LMM investments that were greater than 10% of its total LMM investment portfolio at fair value, no Middle Market investments that were greater than 10% of its total Middle Market investment portfolio at fair value and no portfolio investments that were greater than 10% of the total investment portfolio at fair value.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE D - WHOLLY OWNED INVESTMENT MANAGER
As part of the Formation Transactions, the Investment Manager became a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCC. However, the Investment Manager is accounted for as a portfolio investment since the Investment Manager is not an investment company and since it has historically conducted a significant portion of its investment management activities for parties outside of MSCC and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Investment Manager receives recurring investment management fees from MSC II pursuant to a separate investment advisory agreement. The payments due under the investment advisory agreement were fixed at $3.3 million per year, paid quarterly, until September 30, 2010. Subsequent to September 30, 2010, under the investment advisory agreement, MSC II is obligated to pay a 2% annualized management fee based upon the MSC II assets under management. Subsequent to the Exchange Offer, the investment in the Investment Manager was reduced to reflect the remaining pro rata portion of the MSC II equity and the related portion of the MSC II management fees that were not acquired in the Exchange Offer. Upon completion of the Final MSC II Exchange in the first quarter of 2012, the investment in the Investment Manager was further reduced to reflect MSCC's ownership of all of the MSC II equity and the related MSC II management fees. The Investment Manager also receives certain management, consulting and advisory fees for providing these services to third parties (the "External Services"). During May of 2012, MSCC and the Investment Manager executed an investment sub-advisory agreement to provide certain investment advisory services to HMS Adviser, LP, which is the investment advisor to HMS Income Fund, Inc. ("HMS Income"). HMS Income is a newly-formed BDC whose registration statement on Form N-2 was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") in June 2012. Under the investment sub-advisory agreement, the Investment Manager is entitled to 50% of the base management fee and the incentive fees earned by HMS Adviser under its advisory agreement with HMS Income. However, for the one-year period from the effective date of HMS Adviser's registration statement on Form N-2 through June 4, 2013, the Investment Manager has agreed to waive all such fees to the extent that distributions declared and payable by HMS Income would represent a return of capital for purposes of U.S. federal income tax. As a result, as of December 31, 2012, the Investment Manager has not received any base management fee or incentive fees under the investment sub-advisory agreement and the Investment Manager is not due any unpaid compensation for any base management fee or incentive fees under the investment sub-advisory agreement. The Investment Manager has elected, for tax purposes, to be treated as a taxable entity and is taxed at normal corporate tax rates based on its taxable income. The taxable income of the Investment Manager may differ from its book income due to temporary book and tax timing differences, as well as permanent differences. The Investment Manager provides for any current taxes payable and deferred tax items in its separate financial statements.
MSCC has a support services agreement with the Investment Manager that is structured to provide reimbursement to the Investment Manager for any personnel, administrative and other costs it incurs in conducting its operational and investment management activities in excess of the fees received for providing management advisory services. As a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCC, the Investment Manager manages the day-to-day operational and investment activities of MSCC and its subsidiaries. The Investment Manager pays personnel and other administrative expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by MSCC which principally include direct costs that are specific to MSCC's status as a publicly traded entity. The expenses paid by the Investment Manager include the cost of salaries and related benefits, rent, equipment and other administrative costs required for day-to-day operations.
Pursuant to the support services agreement with MSCC, the Investment Manager is reimbursed each quarter by MSCC for its cash operating expenses, less fees that the Investment Manager receives from MSC II and third parties, associated with providing investment management and other services to MSCC, its subsidiaries and third parties. Subsequent to the consolidation of MSC II in connection with the Exchange Offer, the management fees paid by MSC II to the Investment Manager are now included in "Expenses reimbursed to affiliated Investment Manager" on the statements of operations along with any additional net
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costs reimbursed by MSCC to the Investment Manager pursuant to the support services agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, the expenses reimbursed by MSCC and management fees paid by MSC II to the Investment Manager totaled $10.7 million, $8.9 million, and $5.3 million, respectively.
In its separate stand-alone financial statements as summarized below, as part of the Formation Transactions, the Investment Manager recognized an $18 million intangible asset related to the investment advisory agreement with MSC II consistent with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 54, Application of "Pushdown" Basis of Accounting in Financial Statements of Subsidiaries Acquired by Purchase ("SAB 54"). Under SAB 54, push-down accounting is required in "purchase transactions that result in an entity becoming substantially wholly owned." In this case, MSCC acquired 100% of the equity interests in the Investment Manager in the Formation Transactions. Because the $18 million value attributed to MSCC's investment in the Investment Manager was derived from the long-term, recurring management fees under the investment advisory agreement with MSC II, the same methodology used to determine the $18 million valuation of the Investment Manager in connection with the Formation Transactions was utilized to establish the push-down accounting basis for the intangible asset. The intangible asset is being amortized over the estimated economic life of the investment advisory agreement with MSC II. The Investment Manager recognized amortization expense associated with the intangible asset of $1.3 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. Amortization expense is not included in the expenses reimbursed by MSCC to the Investment Manager based upon the support services agreement since it is non-cash and non-operating in nature.
Summarized financial information from the separate financial statements of the Investment Manager is as follows:
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE E - DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS
Deferred financing costs balances as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
Estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five years succeeding December 31, 2012 and thereafter is as follows:
NOTE F - SBIC DEBENTURES
SBIC debentures payable at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were $225 million and $220 million, respectively. SBIC debentures provide for interest to be paid semi-annually, with principal due at the applicable 10-year maturity date of each debenture. The weighted average annual interest rate on the SBIC debentures as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 4.7% and 5.1%, respectively. The first principal maturity due under the existing SBIC debentures is in 2014, and the remaining weighted average duration as of
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
December 31, 2012 is approximately 6.4 years. Main Street recognized interest expense attributable to the SBIC debentures of $11.4 million, $11.1 million and $8.5 million, respectively, in the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. In accordance with SBA regulations, the Funds are precluded from incurring additional non-SBIC debt without the prior approval of the SBA. The Funds are subject to annual compliance examinations by the SBA. There have been no historical findings resulting from these examinations.
As of December 31, 2012, the recorded value of the SBIC debentures was $211.5 million which consisted of (i) $86.5 million recorded at fair value, or $13.5 million less than the $100 million face value of the SBIC debentures held in MSC II, and (ii) $125 million reported at face value and held in MSMF. As of December 31, 2012, if Main Street had adopted the fair value option under ASC 825 for all of its SBIC debentures, Main Street estimates the fair value of its SBIC debentures would be approximately $194.8 million, or $30.2 million less than the $225 million face value of the SBIC debentures.
(1)The interest rate for this tranche of SBIC debentures represents an initial rate that has not been fixed by the SBA as of December 31, 2012. In March 2013, the rate for this tranche of SBIC debentures will be determined and, thereafter, the rate will be fixed for the ensuing 10 years.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE G - CREDIT FACILITY
Main Street maintains the Credit Facility to provide additional liquidity in support of future investment and operational activities and since December 31, 2010 has amended the Credit Facility several times. In November 2011, Main Street amended the Credit Facility to increase the total commitments available from $155 million to $210 million. The $55 million increase in total commitments included commitment increases by lenders currently participating in the Credit Facility, as well as the addition of one new lender relationship which diversified the Main Street lending group to a total of seven participants. In December 2011, Main Street further expanded the Credit Facility from $210 million to $235 million. The $25 million increase in total commitments included the addition of one new lender relationship which further diversified the lending group to a total of eight participants. These increases in total commitments were executed under the accordion feature of the Credit Facility which at the time allowed Main Street to increase the total commitments under the facility up to $300 million of total commitments from new or existing lenders on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. In May 2012, Main Street amended its Credit Facility to expand the commitments from $235.0 million to $277.5 million. The $42.5 million increase in total commitments included commitment increases by three lenders currently participating in the Credit Facility under the accordion feature of the Credit Facility. In July 2012, Main Street further expanded its commitments under the Credit Facility from $277.5 million to $287.5 million. The $10.0 million increase in total commitments was the result of the addition of one new lender relationship which further diversified the Main Street lending group to a total of nine participants. The amended Credit Facility contained an upsized accordion feature that at the time allowed for a further increase in total commitments under the facility up to $350 million of total commitments from new and existing lenders on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. The Credit Facility was scheduled to mature in September 2014, but in November 2012, Main Street further amended the Credit Facility to extend the final maturity to five years, through September 2017. The amended Credit Facility contains an upsized accordion feature which allows Main Street to increase the total commitments under the facility up to $400 million from new or existing lenders on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments.
Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, subject to Main Street's election, on a per annum basis equal to (i) the applicable LIBOR rate (0.21% as of December 31, 2012) plus 2.50% or (ii) the applicable base rate (Prime Rate, 3.25% as of December 31, 2012) plus 1.50%. Main Street pays unused commitment fees of 0.375% per annum on the unused lender commitments under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is secured by a first lien on the assets of MSCC and its subsidiaries, excluding the assets of the Funds. The Credit Facility contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to: (i) maintaining an interest coverage ratio of at least 2.0 to 1.0, (ii) maintaining an asset coverage ratio of at least 2.5 to 1.0, and (iii) maintaining a minimum tangible net worth. The Credit Facility includes an initial revolving period through September 2015 followed by a two-year term out period with a final maturity in September 2017, and contains two, one-year extension options which could extend both the revolving period and the final maturity by up to two years, subject to certain conditions including lender approval.
At December 31, 2012, Main Street had $132 million in borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility. Main Street recognized interest expense related to the Credit Facility, including unused commitment fees and amortization of deferred loan costs, of $4.2 million, $2.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. As of December 31, 2012, the interest rate on the Credit Facility was 2.71%, and Main Street was in compliance with all financial covenants of the Credit Facility.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE H - FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(1)Based on weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.
(2)Net realized gains or losses, net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation, and income taxes can fluctuate significantly from period to period.
(3)Per share amounts are net of the amounts attributable to the noncontrolling equity interests in MSC II for the periods prior to the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange during the first quarter of 2012.
(4)Includes the impact of the different share amounts as a result of calculating certain per share data based on the weighted average basic shares outstanding during the period and certain per share data based on the shares outstanding as of a period end or transaction date.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(1)Ratios are net of amounts attributable to the noncontrolling equity interests in MSC II for the periods prior to the completion of the Final MSC II Exchange during the first quarter of 2012.
(2)Total expenses are the sum of operating expenses and income tax expense. Income tax expense primarily relates to the accrual of deferred taxes on the net unrealized appreciation from portfolio investments held in Taxable Subsidiaries, which is non-cash in nature and may vary significantly from period to period. Main Street is required to include deferred taxes in calculating its total expenses even though these deferred taxes are not currently payable.
(3)Total return based on change in net asset value was calculated using the sum of ending net asset value plus dividends to stockholders and other non-operating changes during the period, as divided by the beginning net asset value.
(4)Total investment return based on purchase of stock at the current market price on the first day and a sale at the current market price on the last day of each period reported on the table and assumes reinvestment of dividends at prices obtained by the registrant's dividend reinvestment plan during the period. The return does not reflect sales load.
NOTE I - DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXABLE INCOME
During November 2012, we declared a special dividend of $0.35 per share for January 2013 and regular monthly dividends of $0.15 per share for each of January, February and March 2013. These regular monthly dividends equal a total of $0.45 per share for the first quarter of 2013. The first quarter 2013 regular monthly dividends represent an 11.1% increase from the dividends declared for the first quarter of 2012. During 2012, Main Street paid monthly dividends of (i) $0.135 per share for each month of January 2012 through March 2012, (ii) $0.140 per share for each month of April 2012 through June 2012, (iii) $0.145 per share for each month of July 2012 through September 2012, and (iv) $0.15 per share for each month of October 2012 thru December 2012, totaling $49.6 million, or $1.71 per share. For tax purposes, the 2012 dividends, which included the effects of accrued dividends, were comprised of (i) ordinary income totaling approximately $0.92 per share, (ii) long term capital gain totaling approximately $0.75 per share, and (iii) qualified dividend income totaling approximately $0.05 per share. As of December 31 2012, Main Street estimates that it has generated undistributed taxable income of approximately $44.4 million, or $1.28 per share, that will be carried forward toward distributions to be paid in 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2011, Main Street paid total monthly dividends of approximately $34.9 million, or $1.56 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2010, Main Street paid total monthly dividends of approximately $23.9 million, or $1.50 per share.
Ordinary dividend distributions from a RIC do not qualify for the reduced maximum tax rate on qualified dividend income from domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations, except to the extent
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that the RIC received the income in the form of qualifying dividends from domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations. The tax attributes for dividends will generally include both ordinary income and capital gains but may also include qualified dividends or return of capital. The tax character of distributions paid for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was as follows:
MSCC has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a RIC. As a RIC, MSCC generally will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that MSCC distributes to its stockholders as dividends. MSCC must generally distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income to qualify for pass-through tax treatment and maintain its RIC status. As part of maintaining RIC status, undistributed taxable income (subject to a 4% excise tax) pertaining to a given fiscal year may be distributed up to 12 months subsequent to the end of that fiscal year, provided such dividends are declared prior to the filing of the federal income tax return for the prior year.
Listed below is a reconciliation of "Net increase in net assets resulting from operations" to taxable income and to total distributions declared to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
(1)Main Street's taxable income for each period is an estimate and will not be finally determined until the company files its tax return for each year. Therefore, the final taxable income, and the taxable income earned in each period and carried forward for distribution in the following period, may be different than this estimate.
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The Taxable Subsidiaries hold certain portfolio investments for Main Street. The Taxable Subsidiaries are consolidated with Main Street for financial reporting purposes, and the portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries are included in Main Street's consolidated financial statements. The principal purpose of the Taxable Subsidiaries is to permit Main Street to hold equity investments in portfolio companies which are "pass through" entities for tax purposes in order to comply with the "source income" requirements contained in the RIC tax provisions of the Code. The Taxable Subsidiaries are not consolidated with Main Street for income tax purposes and may generate income tax expense or income tax benefit as a result of their ownership of various portfolio investments. This income tax expense or benefit, if any, is reflected in Main Street's Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Main Street's provision for income taxes, including the Taxable Subsidiaries, was comprised of the following:
As of December 31, 2012, the cost of investments for federal income tax purposes was $870.2 million, with such investments having a gross unrealized appreciation of $121.9 million and gross unrealized depreciation of $20.4 million.
The net deferred tax liability at December 31, 2012 was $11.8 million and primarily related to (i) $18.9 million of deferred tax liability associated with timing differences from net unrealized appreciation of portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries and (ii) $0.2 million of deferred tax liability associated with timing differences from recognition of realized gains on portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries, partially offset by (i) $4.8 million of deferred tax assets associated with net loss carryforwards primarily resulting from historical realized losses on portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries and (ii) $2.6 million of deferred tax assets associated with basis differences of portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries which are "pass through" entities for tax purposes. The net deferred tax liability at December 31, 2011 was $3.8 million and primarily related to (i) $11.5 million of deferred tax liability associated with timing differences from net unrealized appreciation of portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries and (ii) $0.2 million of deferred tax liability associated with timing differences from recognition of realized gains on portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries, partially offset by (i) $6.7 million of deferred tax assets associated with net loss carryforwards primarily resulting from historical realized losses on portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries and (ii) $1.2 million of deferred tax assets associated with basis differences of portfolio investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries which are "pass through" entities for tax purposes. Management believes that the realization of the deferred tax assets is more likely than not based on expectations as to future taxable income and scheduled reversals of temporary differences. Accordingly, Main Street did not record a valuation
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allowance related to its deferred tax assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011. The following table sets forth the significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
For federal income tax purposes, the net loss carryforwards expire in various years from 2029 through 2032. The timing and manner in which Main Street will utilize any net loss carryforwards in any year, or in total, may be limited in the future under the provisions of the Code.
NOTE J - COMMON STOCK
In December 2012, Main Street completed a follow-on public stock offering of 2,875,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $28.00 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately $80.5 million, less (i) underwriters' commissions of approximately $3.2 million and (ii) offering costs of approximately $0.2 million.
In June 2012, Main Street completed a public stock offering of 4,312,500 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $22.50 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately $97.0 million, less (i) underwriters' commissions of approximately $3.9 million and (ii) offering costs of approximately $0.2 million.
In October 2011, Main Street completed a public stock offering of 3,450,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $17.50 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately $60.4 million, less (i) underwriters' commissions of approximately $2.7 million and (ii) offering costs of approximately $0.2 million.
In March 2011, Main Street completed a public stock offering of 4,025,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters' full exercise of the over-allotment option, at a price to the public of $18.35 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately $73.9 million, less (i) underwriters' commissions of approximately $3.3 million and (ii) offering costs of approximately $0.2 million.
NOTE K - DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN ("DRIP")
Main Street's DRIP provides for the reinvestment of dividends on behalf of its stockholders, unless a stockholder has elected to receive dividends in cash. As a result, if Main Street declares a cash dividend, the company's stockholders who have not "opted out" of the DRIP by the dividend record date will have their cash dividend automatically reinvested into additional shares of MSCC common stock. Main Street has the option to satisfy the share requirements of the DRIP through the issuance of shares of common stock or through open market purchases of common stock by the DRIP plan administrator. Newly issued shares will
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
be valued based upon the final closing price of MSCC's common stock on the valuation date determined for each dividend by Main Street's Board of Directors. Shares purchased in the open market to satisfy the DRIP requirements will be valued based upon the average price of the applicable shares purchased by the DRIP plan administrator, before any associated brokerage or other costs. Main Street's DRIP is administered by its transfer agent on behalf of Main Street's record holders and participating brokerage firms. Brokerage firms and other financial intermediaries may decide not to participate in Main Street's DRIP but may provide a similar dividend reinvestment plan.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, $10.4 million of the total $49.6 million in dividends paid to stockholders represented DRIP participation. During this period, Main Street satisfied the DRIP participation requirements with the issuance of 349,960 newly issued shares and with the purchase of 63,416 shares of common stock in the open market. For the year ended December 31, 2011, $10.5 million of the total $34.9 million in dividends paid to stockholders represented DRIP participation. During this period, Main Street satisfied the DRIP participation requirements with the issuance of 348,695 newly issued shares and with the purchase of 217,407 shares of common stock in the open market. The shares disclosed above relate only to Main Street's DRIP and exclude any activity related to broker-managed dividend reinvestment plans. For the year ended December 31, 2010, $8.2 million of the total $23.9 million in dividends paid to stockholders represented DRIP participation. During this period, Main Street satisfied the DRIP participation requirements with the issuance of 478,731 newly issued shares and with the purchase of 35,572 shares of common stock in the open market. The shares disclosed above relate only to Main Street's DRIP and exclude any activity related to broker-managed dividend reinvestment plans.
NOTE L - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Main Street accounts for its share-based compensation plans using the fair value method, as prescribed by ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Accordingly, for restricted stock awards, Main Street measured the grant date fair value based upon the market price of its common stock on the date of the grant and will amortize this fair value to share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term.
Main Street's Board of Directors approves the issuance of shares of restricted stock to Main Street employees pursuant to the Main Street Capital Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan. These shares vest over a four-year period from the grant date and the fair value is expensed over the four-year service period starting on the grant date. The following table summarizes the restricted stock issuances approved by Main Street's Board of Directors and the remaining shares of restricted stock available for issuance as of December 31, 2012:
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following table summarizes the restricted stock issued to Main Street's independent directors pursuant to the Main Street Capital Corporation 2008 Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Plan. These shares vest on the day immediately preceding the annual meeting of stockholders following the respective grant date and are expensed over a one-year service period starting on the grant date:
For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, Main Street recognized total share-based compensation expense of $2.6 million, $2.0 million, and $1.5 million, respectively, related to the restricted stock issued to Main Street employees and independent directors.
As of December 31, 2012, there was $5.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to Main Street's non-vested restricted shares. This compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 2.9 years as of December 31, 2012.
NOTE M - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
At December 31, 2012, Main Street had a total of $72.4 million in outstanding commitments comprised of (i) seven commitments to fund revolving loans that had not been fully drawn and (ii) five capital commitments that had not been fully called.
Main Street may, from time to time, be involved in litigation arising out of its operations in the normal course of business or otherwise. Furthermore, third parties may try to seek to impose liability on Main Street in connection with the activities of its portfolio companies. While the outcome of any current legal proceedings cannot at this time be predicted with certainty, Main Street does not expect any current matters will materially affect its financial condition or results of operations; however, there can be no assurance whether any pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Main Street's financial condition or results of operations in any future reporting period.
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE N - SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES
Listed below are the supplemental cash flow disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
NOTE O - SELECTED QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE P - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As discussed further in Note D, subsequent to the completion of the Formation Transactions, the Investment Manager is a wholly owned portfolio company of MSCC. At December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Investment Manager had a receivable of $4.1 million and $4.8 million respectively due from MSCC related to operating expenses incurred by the Investment Manager required to support Main Street's business.
NOTE Q - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
During January 2013, Main Street invested $40.5 million of capital in Quality Lease and Rental Holdings, LLC, the parent company of Quality Lease Service, LLC and Quality Lease Rental Service, LLC (together, "Quality"). Main Street's investment consists of $38 million in senior, secured term debt in Quality and a $2.5 million direct equity investment in Quality's parent holding company. Founded in 1989, Quality is headquartered in El Campo, Texas and provides drill site services and equipment rentals to the upstream oil and gas industry. Quality provides high quality, custom built mobile housing units to be used at the well site during drilling and completion operations. Quality also provides a variety of other services at the well site, including pad, pit, and road construction, pipeline and flow line equipment installation, equipment rental and heavy hauling.
During March 2013, Main Street declared regular monthly dividends of $0.155 per share for each of April, May and June 2013. These regular monthly dividends equal a total of $0.465 per share for the second quarter of 2013. The second quarter 2013 regular monthly dividends represent a 10.7% increase from the dividends declared for the second quarter of 2012. Including the dividends declared for the second quarter of 2013, Main Street will have paid $9.29 per share in cumulative dividends since its October 2007 initial public offering.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders' of
Main Street Capital Corporation
We have audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) the consolidated financial statements of Main Street Capital Corporation (a Maryland corporation) referred to in our report dated March 8, 2013, which is included in the annual report on Form 10-K. Our audits of the basic financial statements include the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(2) which is the responsibility of the Company's management. In our opinion, this financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Houston, Texas
March 8, 2013
Schedule 12-14
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
Schedule of Investments in and Advances to Affiliates
Year ended December 31, 2012
This schedule should be read in conjunction with Main Street's Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, including the Consolidated and Combined Schedule of Investments and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(1)The principal amount, the ownership detail for equity investments and if the investment is income producing is shown in the Consolidated and Combined Schedule of Investments.
(2)Represents the total amount of interest, fees or dividends credited to income for the portion of the year an investment was included in Control or Affiliate categories, respectively. For investments transferred between Control and Affiliate categories during the year, any income related to the time period it was in the category other than the one shown at year end is included in "Income from Investments disposed of during the year".
(3)Gross additions include increases in the cost basis of investments resulting from new portfolio investment, follow on investments and accrued PIK interest, and the exchange of one or more existing securities for one or more new securities. Gross Additions also include net increases in unrealized appreciation or net decreases in unrealized depreciation as well as the movement of an existing portfolio company into this category and out of a different category.
(4)Gross reductions include decreases in the cost basis of investments resulting from principal repayments or sales and the exchange of one or more existing securities for one or more new securities. Gross reductions also include net increases in unrealized depreciation or net decreases in unrealized appreciation as well as the movement of an existing portfolio company out of this category and into a different category.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Accounting Officer conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure of any material information relating to us that is required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(b) Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The management of Main Street Capital Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Company) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the Company's evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2012. Grant Thornton, LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, as stated in its report which is included herein.
(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which is set forth above under the heading "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in Item 8.
(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item will be contained in the definitive proxy statement relating to our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") under the headings "Election of Directors," "Corporate Governance," "Executive Officers" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to April 30, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to directors, officers and employees of Main Street. This code of ethics is published on our Web site at www.mainstcapital.com. We intend to disclose any future amendments to, or waivers from, this code of conduct within four business days of the waiver or amendment through a Web site posting.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings "Compensation of Executive Officers," "Compensation of Directors," "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" and "Compensation Committee Report," to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to April 30, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table provides information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2012:
(1)All of our equity compensation plans have been approved by our stockholders. As of December 31, 2012, we had issued 808,225 shares of restricted stock pursuant to our equity compensation plans, of which 537,753 shares had vested and 319 shares were forfeited. Pursuant to each of our equity compensation plans, if any award issued thereunder shall for any reason expire or otherwise terminate or be forfeited, in whole or in part, the shares of stock not acquired under such award shall revert to and again become available for issuance under such plan. The other information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management," to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to April 30, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Corporate Governance," to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to April 30, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm," to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to April 30, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report:
1. Consolidated Financial Statements
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and
Consolidated Schedules of Investments as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Schedule of Investments in and Advances to Affiliates for the Year Ended December 31, 2012
3. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this report or hereby incorporated by reference to exhibits previously filed with the SEC:
*Exhibit previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as indicated, and incorporated herein by reference.
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
MAIN STREET CAPITAL CORPORATION
By:
/s/ VINCENT D. FOSTER
Vincent D. Foster
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 8, 2013
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
EXHIBIT INDEX