Item 1. Business
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Report”), including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding future events and the future results of Schmitt Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”) that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions about the Company’s business. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “sees,” “estimates” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements due to numerous factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the “Risk Factors” section in Item 1A, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 and elsewhere in this Report as well as those discussed from time to time in the Company’s other Securities and Exchange Commission filings and reports. In addition, such statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report or, in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Report. If we update or correct one or more forward-looking statements, investors and others should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections with respect to other forward-looking statements.
Introduction
Schmitt Industries, Inc. (the Company), an Oregon corporation incorporated in 1995, designs, manufactures and markets computer-controlled vibration detection and balancing equipment (the Balancer Segment) primarily to the machine tool industry. The predecessor to the Company was originally organized in 1984 under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. Through a statutory procedure in 1995, the Company ceased to be domiciled in British Columbia and became an Oregon corporation. Through its wholly owned subsidiary, Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc. (SMS), an Oregon corporation, the Company designs, manufactures and markets precision laser-based surface measurement products for a wide variety of commercial applications in addition to the disk drive, silicon wafer and optics industries; laser-based distance measurement products for a wide variety of industrial applications; and ultrasonic measurement products that accurately measure the fill levels of liquefied propane tanks and transmit that data via satellite to a secure web site (the Measurement Segment). The Company also sells and markets its products in Europe through its wholly owned subsidiary, Schmitt Europe Ltd. (SEL), located in the United Kingdom. The Company’s executive offices are located at 2765 N.W. Nicolai Street, Portland, Oregon 97210, and its telephone number is (503) 227-7908.
“SBS,” “SMS,” “Acuity,” “Xact” and “Lasercheck” are registered trademarks owned by the Company.
Balancer Segment
The Company’s principal product line is the Schmitt Dynamic Balance System (the SBS System), consisting of a computerized control unit, vibration sensor, spindle-mounting adapter, and balance head. It is designed as an economical yet highly accurate permanent installation on grinding machines. SBS products can detect and correct for vibration as small as 0.02 microns. The Company acquired its original balancing equipment technology pursuant to a series of agreements from 1987 through 1991, substantially enhancing and advancing the patented technology since that time. Since inception of the product line, the targeted customer base has been manufacturers and operators of grinding machines for a variety of industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical and machine tools, where operating tolerances on manufactured parts are exceedingly precise.
The SBS System is fully automated, eliminating the need to pre-balance parts such as grinding wheels. This reduces machine setup time and ensures a smoother and more efficient operation. Operating on a principle of mass compensation for wheel imbalance, the balance head contains two movable eccentric weights, each driven by electric motors through a precision gear train. These weights are repositioned to offset any imbalance in a grinding wheel or other application. Imbalance or vibration is picked up by the sensor that feeds a signal to a controller which filters the signal by revolutions per minute. The controller then automatically drives the balance head weights in a direction that reduces the amplitude of the vibration signal. The balance cycle is complete when the weights are positioned to achieve the lowest vibration level.
The SBS System also includes an optional Acoustical Emission Monitoring System (AEMS), which uses proprietary acoustic sensor technology to monitor the very high frequency signals generated on the grinding machine during key events in the grinding process. The AEMS system allows rapid, automatic grinding wheel in-feed, right up to the point of initial contact with a new part loaded in the machine. The system can automatically detect the initial contact and very quickly report this event to the machine control, stopping the wheel in-feed without operator intervention. Part crash occurs when a part or fixture is incorrectly loaded into a grinding machine or some abnormal condition occurs. Rapid in-feed of the wheel may then result in a dangerous or expensive crash. The AEMS system allows the CNC control to monitor the acoustic levels on the machine and detect any unexpected contact when it happens. The system then reports that abnormal contact and instructs the CNC program to stop the grinding process, usually within one millisecond.
Notable features of the SBS System include its ability to fit almost all grinding machines, ease of installation, compact and modular construction, ability to balance a wheel while on a machine, virtual elimination of wheel vibration, automatic monitoring of balancing, display in both English and metric units of measurement, instrument grade calibration, short balance process, measurement of both displacement and/or velocity and minimal operator maintenance.
Benefits of using the SBS system include improved quality of finished parts, elimination of grinding gap time in the grind cycle resulting in increased efficiency and part throughput, ease of product adaptation, monitoring and correction of part crash, minimal downtime, complete and ready installation, elimination of static balancing, longer life of the grinding wheel, diamond dressings and spindle bearings, the ability to balance within 0.02 microns and its adaptability to all types of machines.
Precision grinding is necessary in major manufacturing areas including the automotive industry (camshafts, crankshafts, valves), bearings (roller and tapered types), ceramics (precision shaping), electric motors (shafts), pumps (shafts and turbines), aircraft (engine parts), and general manufacturing. Precision grinding has an established worldwide presence in all industrialized countries and is expanding as a method of material removal and processing. Within the Company’s customer base for the SBS System, there are three major market segments:
Machine Tool Builders - These companies design and manufacture a variety of cylindrical, surface and specialty application grinding machines. SBS Systems are distributed to a variety of markets throughout the world through machine tool original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), who incorporate the SBS System into their products.
Examples of some well-known worldwide machine tool builders who have offered and/or installed the SBS System include Shanghai Machine Tool Works (China), ANCA (Australia), Capco Machinery (U.S.), Ecotech/SMTW (China/U.S.), Erwin Junker (U.S.), Shaanxi Qinchuan Machinery Development Co. (China), Cinetic Landis Grinding (U.S.), Koyo Machinery (US, Japan), Micron Machinery Limited (Japan/U.S.), USACH Technologies, Tschudin (U.S.) and Weldon Machine Tool (U.S.). The Company currently sells its products directly to major machine builders throughout the world.
Machine Tool Rebuilders - These customers, found in most, if not all, industrialized nations, develop their business by offering to completely update and refurbish older grinding machines. These rebuilders typically tear the old machine apart and install new components, such as the SBS System. The Company currently sells its products directly to major machine rebuilders throughout the world.
Grinding Machine Users - These end users become aware of the SBS System through trade shows, trade magazine advertising, distributors, field representatives, referrals and new machine suppliers. The Company’s business is conducted worldwide with some better known customers including: Black & Decker, Briggs and Stratton, Caterpillar, Eaton, Emerson Power Transmission, Cummins Engine, Ford Motor Company, General Electric, General Motors, Ingersoll Rand, Komatsu, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, SKF Bearing Industries, Timken, TRW Automotive Components and Universal Bearing.
For the years ended May 31, 2012, May 31, 2011 and May 31, 2010 (Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010), net sales of the Company’s balancing products totaled $9.3 million, $8.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively. Net sales of balancing products accounted for 64%, 70% and 69% of the Company’s total sales in Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. See Note 6 to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Competition
Management believes the SBS System is one of only a few fully automatic balancing systems marketed in the world. Most competitive products require special setup and training or calibration to the specific machine. The Company believes the SBS System is currently one of the few products that can fit all machines with wheel sizes from 6 to 48 inches in diameter and spindle speeds of 500 through 12,500 rpm.
Competitive products come from European companies located in Switzerland, Germany, Spain and Italy. These competitors produce electromechanical and water balancers similar to the SBS System. The Company considers these companies, with their established European base, to be the major competitors. Competitors include Marposs S.p.A., Dittel Messtechnik GmbH, MPM Micro Prazision Marx GmbH and Balance Systems S.r.l.
Water balancers (hydrokompensers) are an older European design still on the market that can be supplied by the Company when specifically requested by users. They require plumbing and water chambers to be machined into the wheel hub. To install these systems, the grinding machines must be disassembled and parts remachined or replaced within the spindle assembly. The water system is “tuned” or “calibrated” to the machine by a factory service technician and are suitable for mid and high speed spindle environments.
Pricing of the SBS system is intended to maintain the status of the SBS system as the premier product in the industry, offering best quality, reliability and performance and superior economic value.
Measurement Segment
Within the Measurement segment, the Company designs, manufactures and markets several laser-based precision test and measurement product lines and an ultrasonic product for measuring the fill levels of liquid propane tanks and operates a precision laser light-scatter measurement laboratory.
There are five specific product lines: laser-based surface roughness measurement, laser-based distance measurement and dimensional sizing, remote tank monitoring, laser light-scatter surface measurement and a laser light-scatter measurement laboratory.
Surface Roughness Measurement Products
These products use a patented laser light-scatter technology to perform rapid, accurate, repeatable, non-destructive and non-contact surface measurement tests that quantify surface micro-roughness. The technology is extremely precise, measuring surface roughness at the molecular (sub-Angstrom) level. Products are sold to manufacturers of hard disk drives, silicon wafers and optical products and industries with fabrication processes that require precise and reliable measurements.
Computer hard disk drives require exact manufacturing control and a narrow tolerance band for acceptable roughness, with surface roughness outside that narrow band resulting in a reduction in data density or storage capacity. The Company’s technology simultaneously measures disk surface roughness in two directions, radially, when the read/write head is moving to another disk sector, and circumferentially, when the read/write head is processing information on the disk. The two separate roughness levels are required for proper head operation. The Company believes the precise measurement methods provided by its products are not possible through any other cost effective measurement means.
The following two products meet the challenges of disk drive manufacturers:
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The TMS-2000-RC (Texture Measurement System) product is an accurate non-contact texture measurement system. The product (used on aluminum substrates) is currently used worldwide by most major disk drive manufacturers, providing fast, accurate and repeatable microroughness measurements while quadrupling production throughput when compared to other testing devices. Surface roughness can be measured to levels below 0.5 Angstroms (the point of a needle is one million Angstroms in diameter).
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The TMS-2000-DUV-RC product measures the surface microroughness of ceramic/glass rather than aluminum substrates. Manufacturers require the technology and products to measure surface roughness of these ceramic/glass substrates to the same exact levels as those that measure aluminum. The deep ultra-violet (DUV) light technology and product use the patented light scatter technology to measure the surface roughness of glass substrates to levels less than 0.5 Angstroms.
Customers include Hitachi/IBM, Seagate Substrates, Western Digital and Komag, Inc.
The Company offers two products devoted to the silicon wafer industry, the TMS-2000W-RC and TMS-3000W-RC. Both products provide fast, accurate, repeatable measurements for manufacturers of silicon wafers, computer chips and memory devices. This industry demands manufacturing precision to increase performance and capacity and these products help achieve those goals. Silicon wafers are carefully cut and polished to provide the base upon which a computer or memory chip is produced. Therefore, chip manufacturing is extremely dependent on the beginning surface roughness of the wafer. Since all silicon wafers exhibit a microscopic level of surface roughness, stemming from production techniques such as chemical deposition, grinding, polishing and etching, some method of measuring these surface characteristics is required. The Company’s wafer measurement products provide a way for customers in this industry to quantify and control their manufacturing process. The system provides measurements to less than 0.5 Angstroms, a level unachievable by competing devices.
The Company also offers the Lasercheck line of surface roughness measurement gauges. Lasercheck is a unique laser-based non-contact roughness gauge incorporating patented laser light-scatter technology that can make precise repeatable surface roughness measurements in the 0.025 to 2 micron (<1.0 to 80 micro inches) range. Lasercheck provides high-speed in-process measurements in a fraction of a second and is optimized for surface measurements of ground, sanded, polished, hone, super-finished and shot-blasted surfaces. The Lasercheck line of surface measurements gauges is a complementary fit to the TMS surface measurement products for ultra-smooth (sub-Angstrom) surfaces, such as silicon wafers and hard disk drives.
Distance Measurement and Dimensional Sizing Products
These laser-based products, utilizing both triangulation and time-of-flight methods of measurement, are used in a wide range of industrial applications including manufacturing, lumber production, steel casting, glass and paper production, medical imaging, crane control and micron-level part and surface inspection and are sold under the Acuity brand. Presently, there are 11 product lines offered under the Acuity brand: The AccuRange (AR) 1000, AR2500, AR3000 and AR4000 distance measurement sensors, the AR4000 Line Scanner and the AR700, AR500 and AR200 series of triangulating laser displacement sensors, the AR CCS Prima, and the AccuProfile (AP) 620 and AP820 laser line scanners.
The AR1000, AR2500 and AR3000 distance measurement lasers utilize pulsed time of flight measurement principles to accurately measure distances of up to 30 meters (up to 300 meters with retro-reflective tape) with the AR1000, up to 50 meters (500 meters with retro-reflective tape) with the AR2500 and up to 300 meters (3000 meters with retro-reflective tape) with the AR3000. Both products are highly versatile, being able to measure distances both indoors and outdoors. Applications include load confirmation, alignment, lumber positioning, crane monitoring, fill level measurement, velocity measurement and laser altimeter.
The AR4000 optical distance measurement sensor is used for most diffuse reflective surfaces, but is ideally suited to level and position measurement, machine vision, autonomous vehicle navigation and 3D imaging applications. It operates by emitting a collimated laser beam that is reflected from the target surface and collected by a sensor. The sensor is suitable for a wide variety of distance measurement applications that demand high accuracy and fast response times. Notable features include the operating range for most surfaces (zero to fifty-two feet), fast response time (50 kHz maximum sample rate), compact and lightweight power design and has a tightly collimated output beam for small spot size. There are three output beam configurations available: visible infrared, eye safe infrared and reflective tape targets.
The AR4000 Line Scanner is used with the AR4000 to scan and collect distance data over a full circle. The scanner consists of a balanced, rotating mirror and motor with position encoder and mounting hardware for use with the AR4000. The scanner deflects the beam 90 degrees, sweeping it through a full circle as it rotates. The product can scan at rates of up to 2600 lines per minute, sweeps the laser beam through a full 360 degrees and is both compact and lightweight.
The AR700 is a triangulation laser displacement sensor that provides superior performance in terms of accuracy, repeatability, and sample speed. The AR700 boasts output speeds up to 9400 Hz and resolutions as low as one sixth of a micrometer. The laser will output 9400 distance readings in a single second. The unit is also very compact, measuring approximately 80% smaller than its predecessor, the AR600. Model variations permit applications up to 50 inches in range. Applications include high speed road profiling, product dimensional or thickness measurement, rubber thickness measurement, lumber or plywood thickness measurement, carton dimensioning and product positioning.
The AR500 is a compact triangulation laser displacement sensor that provides accurate measurements (+/- 0.015% linearity) at high speeds (standard to 9400 Hz, high speed option up to 56K Hz). The same compact enclosure houses models with ranges from 5 to 1000 millimeters. Sensor options include blue laser diodes, faster speeds and cooling jackets. Applications include radiating surfaces and high speed applications such as road texture, ballistics and high speed event monitoring.
The AR200 line is the Company’s most compact series of triangulating laser displacement sensors. Four models cover metric measurement ranges from 6 to 50 millimeters. All models boast a 1/500 accuracy rating for measurements within twelve microns. The AR200 sensor is the only sensor of its kind to feature pushbutton selection of output signals. All models are standard with analog, limit switch and serial outputs. The AR200 sensors, much like the longer-range AR700 sensors, project a beam of visible laser light that creates a spot on the target surface. Reflected light from the surface is viewed from an angle by a line scan camera and the target’s distance is computed from the image pixel data. The AR200-6M, -12M, -25M and -50M have ranges in millimeters that match their model number. The AR200 displacement sensor cannot be overloaded and measures accurately even when a mirror reflects the entire light beam back to the detector.
The AR CCS Prima white light confocal displacement sensor is the most precise measurement system from Acuity. Using a novel optical principle of measuring the reflected light’s component wavelengths, these confocal sensors measure distance and position to within tens of nanometers. These compact probes can measure to opaque, shiny or even transparent surfaces. Unlike the other Acuity distance sensors, the Prima Confocal systems are comprised of an optical measurement “pen” and a separate controller. This controller houses all of the electronics, light source, etc. Only emitted white light and reflected signals are passed between the pen and the
controller via a thin fiber-optic transmission cable. The Confocal-Chromatic Sensors (CCS) are offered in a variety of measurement ranges and standoff distances, each with a corresponding resolution. The shortest-range models resolve to 5 nanometers of height change.
The AccuProfile™ 620 Profile Measuring Sensor is Acuity’s short-range laser scanner for industrial contour and shape measuring applications. These laser profile scanners quickly and accurately generate 2D profile scans of objects, surfaces or scenes using high-speed digital CMOS detectors and a tuned laser line generator. Individual profiles may be collected to create a 3D point cloud of that object. The laser profile sensor is the equivalent of using 1024 closely-spaced, single-point laser sensors to measure across a surface. Acuity has several AP620 sensors with varying ranges (Z axis) and Fields of View (x axis). In addition to measuring profiles and shapes, the line sensor is frequently used for measuring dimensions for radius, diameter, height, width, etc. This profile measuring instrument is fast, sampling up to 250 line scans per second. The profile data is transmitted directly from the sensor head via Ethernet to a host computer. No special controller is required to operate the device.
The AccuProfile™ 820 is a two dimensional laser scanner that measures surface height profiles by projecting a beam of visible laser light that creates a line on a targeted surface. The AP820 is a highly accurate sensor for industrial surface dimensional and measurement applications. The scanner quickly and accurately generates low-noise 2D or 3D profile scans of objects, surfaces or scenes. The sensor automatically adjusts laser power and detector exposure to compensate for varying surface conditions. Typical scanner applications include weld gap tracking and weld bead profiling, positional control of objects and surfaces, tire profiling, wheel profiling, surface profiling, 3D profile generation and dimensional measurement.
Remote Tank Monitoring Products
The Company’s product line is called the Xact Tank Monitoring System. The Xact system utilizes ultrasonic technology to determine the fill levels of large or small storage tanks, such as for liquefied propane. An ultrasonic sensor is applied externally to the tank to calculate the liquid level inside a large tank to +/- 2% (+/- 1% for small tanks) and transmit that data via the Globalstar™ satellite network to a secure website for display. Each sensor, which is affixed to the exterior underside of each tank, produces a small electrical pulse, or a “ping,” that travels through the tank’s steel shell, which is reflected off the bottom surface of the liquid stored in the tank in the form of an echo that is detected. The time of flight between the “ping” and the echo is then calculated to determine, based upon additional data regarding tank size and shape, the volume of liquid the tank contains. This information is then remotely transmitted via a satellite transceiver that is affixed to the top of the tank to a secure website on the internet, processed using proprietary software and displayed on that website or automatically directed to a customer’s automated inventory or delivery management system. Operators can now obtain highly accurate readings and tank information from even the most remote tanks conveniently and cost-effectively using their desktop computer, laptop, iPad or smart phone. With the Xact system, minimum or maximum alarm or fill levels can be set to automatically notify operators by email anytime a particular tank reading exceeds thresholds and needs filling. The Xact system can be used to monitor tanks as small as 125 gallons (473 liters) and as large as 90,000 gallons (340,686 liters). With Xact, operators can obtain timely and accurate readings of inventory levels and tank refill requirements instantly.
Laser Light-Scatter Surface Measurement Products
The Company’s CASI Scatterometers are sold to companies and institutions involved in scientific research and development. The CASI Scatterometer uses visible, ultraviolet or infrared laser light as a nondestructive probe to measure surface quality, optical performance, smoothness, appearance, defects and contamination on a wide variety of materials. These products are scientific measurement instruments providing customers with molecular-level precision in roughness measurement of optical surfaces, diffuse materials, semiconductor wafers, magnetic storage media and precision-machined surfaces, as well as surfaces affecting the cosmetic appearance of consumer products.
The MicroScan system is a portable device consisting of a hand-held control unit, an interchangeable measurement head and a separate charging unit. To perform a measurement, the operator places the measurement head on the objective area and presses a button. Each measurement takes less than five seconds with results displayed and stored in system memory. The MicroScan can store 700 measurements in 255 files and provides the capability to program pass/fail criteria. Software is available for control, analysis and file conversion. From a single measurement, a user can determine RMS surface roughness, reflectance and scatter light levels (BRDF) on flat or curved surfaces under any lighting conditions.
Light-Scatter Measurement Laboratory
The Company provides a highly advanced measurement services laboratory, using CASI Scatterometers, to a wide variety of industrial and commercial businesses that require precise measurements only advanced laser light scatter technology can provide. The value of the laboratory is not only its extremely precise measurement capability but also the test item is not altered, touched or destroyed. Thus, the laboratory is widely used by manufacturers of critical optical components in aerospace and defense systems and other industrial companies, universities and government agencies.
In Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, net sales of Measurement products totaled $5.2 million, $3.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and accounted for 36%, 30% and 31% of the Company’s total sales in Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. See Note 6 to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Competition
Management believes our TMS and Lasercheck surface measurement products are one of only a few systems that provide fast, accurate, repeatable microroughness measurements for a wide variety of commercial customers including computer hard disk and silicon wafer manufacturers. The Company believes its surface measurement products are currently the only systems that can provide measurements as low as a few hundredths of an Angstrom (Å-a unit of measure equal to 1 hundred-millionth of a centimeter) with reproducibility +/- 0.2Å or 1% and repeatability of +/-0.1Å. There are differences between our surface measurement products and other optical techniques (which include profilometers, scanning tunneling microscopes, atomic force microscopes or interferometers). These other technologies require the intervention of a skilled operator and perform measurements relatively slowly, whereas our surface measurement products are much simpler and, consequently, can make measurements more rapidly while still maintaining excellent repeatability and accuracy. Stylus profilometers are simpler devices that require less skilled operators. However, measurements must be conducted under vibration isolation conditions, and large areas require numerous scans; thus, stylus profilometers are generally destructive to soft materials such as most coated optics.
The market for distance measurement and dimensional sizing products is extremely competitive, characterized by rapidly changing technology. The Company believes the principal elements of competition include quality of ongoing technical support and maintenance coupled with responsiveness to customer needs, as well as price, product quality, reliability and performance. The differences between the Company’s sensors and competitive products include pushbutton selection of output signals in certain models and sensors that can be programmed using serial commands through a PC computer. The AR200 displacement sensor cannot be overloaded and measures accurately even when a mirror reflects the entire light beam back to the detector.
Competing surface measurement products and dimensional sizing products come from established multinational competitors, most of which are significantly larger and have greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and marketing resources. Company pricing is intended to obtain market share and meet competitive supplier prices. The market strategy is to establish measurement products with the best quality, reliability and performance and superior economic value.
Sales by Geographic Area
In Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded net sales of its products in the United States, its country of domicile, of $8.1 million, $5.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Net sales in the last three fiscal years by geographic areas are:
Business and Marketing Strategy
The Company designs, manufactures and markets all of its products with operations divided into a number of different channels and geographies.
Balancer Segment Products
The Company markets and sells its SBS products in a variety of ways. First are the channels provided by independent manufacturers’ representatives and distributors. There are currently approximately 100 individuals and/or organizations throughout the world acting in one of these capacities, including approximately 25 in the United States and 30 in China.
Second, OEMs integrate the Balancer segment products on the machine tools they produce. Users thus purchase the SBS products concurrently with the machine tools. Conversely, end users of grinding machines that have purchased the SBS system directly from the Company, and after enjoying the benefits of the products, often request that SBS products be included with the new equipment they order from OEMs. The SBS Systems are often installed by machine tool builders prior to displaying their own machine tools at various trade shows, becoming endorsements that prove beneficial to the Company’s sales efforts.
Third, worldwide trade shows have proven to be an excellent source of business. Company representatives, usually one or more of the marketing managers and the CEO or President, attend these events along with local Company representatives. These individuals operate a display booth featuring an SBS System demonstration stand and product and technical literature. Representatives from all facets of the Company’s target markets attend these trade shows.
In North America and Asia, products are shipped directly to customers from the Company’s distribution center in Portland, Oregon. Where the Company has distributors, the product is shipped to the distributor, who in turn pays the Company directly and then delivers and installs the product for the end user. European distribution to customers is handled by shipping the product directly from the Company’s Portland headquarters to its European subsidiary in the United Kingdom, which in turn sells and distributes the products.
Measurement Segment Products
Similar to the Balancer segment, the Measurement segment uses a variety of methods to market and sell its products. First, a marketing manager directs the overall worldwide marketing efforts for surface measurement and remote tank monitoring products. Second, both a marketing and a sales manager, direct the overall worldwide marketing and sales efforts for distance measurement and dimensional sizing products. Third, the Company has an exclusive distribution agreement with a company in Asia for the promotion and sale of surface measurement products in China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines. In addition, there are distribution agreements with one company in Japan and two in Korea. Trade shows also represent a significant amount of marketing/sales effort. Company representatives operate a display booth featuring
demonstrations of Measurement segment products along with product and technical literature. Representatives from all facets of the market to which the Company directs its sales efforts attend these trade shows. Finally, one of the best marketing channels is the testing laboratory. Once customers see the capabilities of the technology, it can lead to orders for the Company’s laser-based light-scatter measurement products.
All Measurement segment products are assembled in the Portland, Oregon facility and shipped worldwide directly to customers. The Balancer and Measurement segment customer bases each consist of over 250 companies.
Backlog
The Company does not generally track backlog. Normally, orders are shipped within a week or two after receipt unless the customer requests otherwise.
Manufacturing
There are no unique sources of supply or raw materials in any product lines. Essential electronic components, available in large quantities from various suppliers, are assembled into the Balancing and Measurement electronic control units under the Company’s quality and assembly standards. Company-owned software and firmware are coupled with the electronic components to provide the basis of the Company’s various electronic control units. Management believes several supply sources exist for all electronic components and assembly work incorporated into its electronic control systems. Mechanical parts for the Company’s products are produced by high quality machine shops. The Company is not dependent on any one supplier of mechanical components. In the event of supply problems, the Company believes that two or three alternatives could be developed within 30 days. The Company is subject to availability and pricing on the various components parts purchased, which has had, and may continue to have, a material impact on operations.
The Company uses in-house skilled assemblers to construct and test vendor-supplied components. Component inventory of finished vendor-supplied parts is held on Company property to assure adequate flow of parts to meet customer order requirements. Inventory is monitored by a computer control system designed to assure timely re-ordering of components. In-house personnel assemble various products and test all finished components before placing them in the finished goods inventory. Finished goods inventory is maintained via computer to assure timely shipment and service to customers. All customer shipments are from the finished goods inventory.
The Company’s Quality Control Program first received full ISO 9001 certification in 1996. In 2005, the Company received its certification to the newer ISO 9001:2000 requirements and in 2011 received its recertification.
Proprietary Technology
The Company’s success depends in part on its proprietary technology, which the Company protects through patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other measures. The Company has U.S. patents covering both Balancer and Measurement products, processes and methods that the Company believes provide it with a competitive advantage. The Company has a policy of seeking patents where appropriate on inventions concerning new products and improvements developed as part of its ongoing research, development and manufacturing activities. While patents provide certain legal rights of enforceability, there can be no assurance the historic legal standards surrounding questions of validity and enforceability will continue to be applied or that current defenses with respect to issued patents will, in fact, be considered substantial in the future. There can be no assurance as to the degree and range of protection any patent will afford and whether patents will be issued or the extent to which the Company may inadvertently infringe upon patents granted to others.
The Company manufactures its Balancer segment products under copyright protection in the U.S. for electronic board designs. Encapsulation of the finished product further protects the Company’s technologies including software.
The Company also relies upon trade secret protection for its confidential and proprietary information. There can be no assurance that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to the Company’s trade secrets or disclose such technology or that the Company can meaningfully protect its trade secrets.
While the Company pursues patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright protection for products and various marks, it also relies on know-how and continuing technology advancement, manufacturing capabilities, affordable high-quality products, new product introduction and direct marketing efforts to develop and maintain its competitive position.
Product Development
The Company maintains an ongoing research and development program to expand the product lines and capabilities of its business segments. The goal of this program is to expand the product base in historic markets and to enter new market areas so as to reduce reliance on historic market segments. For example, in the past fiscal year, the Company has developed and introduced the SB-1000 in manual balancing mode together with a docking station, a control card to control the dressing process of grinding wheels, and a new internal balancer design. The Company has also introduced several new lasers under the Acuity line and introduced the Xact Tank Monitoring System for small propane tanks.
During Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company’s research and development expense totaled $318,000, $504,000 and $585,000, respectively.
Employees
As of July 31, 2012, the Company employed 48 individuals worldwide on a full-time basis. There were also seven part-time or temporary employees. None of the Company’s employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Item 1A.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following are important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company (see the forward-looking statements disclaimer at the beginning of Part 1, Item 1 in this Report). In addition, the risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that the Company faces. Unforeseen risks could arise and problems or issues that the Company now views as minor could become more significant. If the Company were unable to adequately respond to any risks, the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, the Company cannot be certain that any actions taken to reduce known or unknown risks and uncertainties will be effective.
The general economic conditions and uncertainties may adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition
The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions, particularly in the manufacturing and automotive sectors, and their impact on levels of capital investment, which have deteriorated significantly in the past and may become depressed, or be subject to further deterioration. Economic factors that could adversely influence demand for the Company’s products include uncertainty about global economic conditions leading to reduced levels of investment, customers’ and suppliers’ access to credit, unemployment and other macroeconomic factors affecting commercial and industrial spending behavior.
The past distress in the financial markets and global economy has resulted in reduced liquidity and a tightening of credit markets. As a result of these conditions, the Company could experience several potential adverse effects, including the inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of the Company’s products, the insolvency of customers resulting in reduced sales and bad debts, and the insolvency of key suppliers resulting in product development and production delays.
The Company’s primary markets are volatile and unpredictable
The Company’s business depends on the demand for our various products in a variety of commercial and industrial markets. In the past, demand for our products in these markets has fluctuated due to variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: general economic conditions, both domestically and internationally, the timing, number and size of orders from, and shipments to, our customers as well as the relative mix of those orders and variations in the volume of orders for a particular product line in a particular quarter.
The introduction of the Xact Tank Monitoring System may not become commercially viable and satisfy expected demand
In May 2009, the Company announced the introduction of the Xact Tank Monitoring System for measuring fill levels of industrial liquefied propane tanks and communicating that data via satellite to a secure web site. Although the initial acquisition and further development of the Xact product have negatively impacted recent operating results, the product should allow the Company to enter new measurement markets and is expected to add sales and profits to the Company in future years. However, the introduction of the Xact product may not be successful, anticipated market demand for the product may not materialize, and additional product or market opportunities may not be identified and developed and brought to market in a timely and cost-effective manner. Also, the Company may not be able to meet the manufacturing requirements of large orders in a timely and cost-effective manner. All of this could continue to negatively impact future operating results and result in large and immediate write-offs of recorded intangible asset balances.
New products may not be developed to satisfy changes in consumer demands
The failure to develop new technologies, or react to changes in existing technologies, could materially delay development of new products, which could result in decreased revenues and a loss of market share to competitors. Financial performance depends on the ability to design, develop, manufacture, assemble, test, market and support new products and enhancements on a timely and cost-effective basis. New product opportunities may not be identified and developed and brought to market in a timely and cost-effective manner. Products or technologies developed by other companies may render products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive, or a fundamental shift in technologies in the product markets could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s competitive position within historic industries.
Failure to protect intellectual property rights could adversely affect future performance and growth
Failure to protect existing intellectual property rights may result in the loss of valuable technologies or paying other companies for infringing on their intellectual property rights. The Company relies on patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright law to protect such technologies. There is no assurance any of the Company’s U.S. patents will not be invalidated, circumvented, challenged or licensed to other companies.
Competition is intense and the Company’s failure to compete effectively would adversely affect its business
Competition in the markets for the Company’s products is intense. The speed with which companies can identify new applications for the Company’s various technologies, develop products to meet those needs and supply commercial quantities at low prices to those new markets are important competitive factors. The principal
competitive factors in the Company’s markets are product features, performance, reliability and price. Many of the Company’s competitors have greater financial, technical, research and development and marketing resources. No assurance can be given that the Company will be able to compete effectively in the future, and the failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Production time and the overall cost of products could increase if any of the primary suppliers are lost or if a primary supplier increased the prices of raw materials
Manufacturing operations depend upon obtaining adequate supplies of raw materials on a timely basis. The results of operations could be adversely affected if adequate supplies of raw materials cannot be obtained in a timely manner or if the costs of raw materials increased significantly.
The Company may not be able to ramp up manufacturing to satisfy increasing orders, which may lead to the loss of significant revenue opportunities
The Company manufactures several different product lines, all of which involve complicated technology and individual attention for each product made. The production time for each product can vary, depending on a variety of circumstances, including component availability, timing of delivery of components from suppliers and employee availability. Should the Company receive a large increase in orders, an increase in the size of orders or a shortening of the required delivery time on existing orders, the Company may not be able to ramp up manufacturing to satisfy customer expectations, which may lead to the loss of significant revenue opportunities.
Fluctuations in quarterly and annual operating results make it difficult to predict future performance
Quarterly and annual operating results are likely to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are beyond management’s control. As a result of quarterly operating fluctuations, it is important to realize quarter-to-quarter comparisons of operating results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicators of future performance.
The Company may not be able to reduce operating costs quickly enough if sales decline
Operating expenses are generally fixed in nature and largely based on anticipated sales. However, should future sales decline significantly and rapidly, there is no guarantee management could take actions that would further reduce operating expenses in either a timely manner or without seriously impacting the operations of the Company.
The Company maintains a significant investment in inventories in anticipation of future sales
The Company believes it maintains a competitive advantage by shipping product to its customers more rapidly than its competitors. As a result, the Company has a significant investment in inventories. These inventories are recorded using the lower-of-cost or market method, which requires management to make certain estimates. Management evaluates the recorded inventory values based on customer demand, market trends and expected future sales, and changes these estimates accordingly. A significant shortfall of sales may result in carrying higher levels of inventories of finished goods and raw materials thereby increasing the risk of inventory obsolescence and corresponding inventory write-downs. As a result, the Company may not carry adequate reserves to offset such write-downs.
Future success depends in part on attracting and retaining key management and qualified technical and sales personnel
Future success depends on the efforts and continued services of key management, technical and sales personnel. Significant competition exists for such personnel and there is no assurance key technical and sales personnel can be retained or that other highly qualified technical and sales personnel as required can be attracted, assimilated
and retained. There is also no guarantee that key employees will not leave and subsequently compete against the Company. The inability to attract and retain key personnel could adversely impact the business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in the effective tax rate may have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations
The Company’s future effective tax rate may be adversely affected by a number of factors including: the jurisdictions in which profits are determined to be earned and taxed; the resolution of issues arising from future, potential tax audits with various tax authorities; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes; changes in available tax credits; changes in stock-based compensation expense; changes in tax laws or the interpretations of such tax laws and changes in generally accepted accounting principles.
Changes in securities laws and regulations have increased and could continue to increase Company expenses
Changes in the laws and regulations affecting public companies, including the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, have increased and will continue to increase Company expenses as the Company devotes resources to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. In addition, the NASDAQ Capital Market, on which the Company’s common stock is listed, has also adopted comprehensive rules and regulations relating to corporate governance. These laws, rules and regulations have increased the scope, complexity and cost of corporate governance, reporting and disclosure practices. The Company may be required to hire additional personnel and use outside legal, accounting and advisory services to address these laws, rules and regulations. The Company also expects these developments to make it more difficult and more expensive for the Company to obtain director and officer liability insurance in the future, and the Company may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. Further, the Company’s board members, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer could face an increased risk of personal liability in connection with the performance of their duties. As a result, we may have difficulty attracting and retaining qualified board members and executive officers, which would adversely affect the Company.
The Company faces risks from international sales and currency fluctuations
The Company markets and sells its products worldwide and international sales have accounted for and are expected to continue to account for a significant portion of future revenue. International sales are subject to a number of risks, including: the imposition of governmental controls; trade restrictions; difficulty in collecting receivables; changes in tariffs and taxes; difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; political and economic instability; general economic conditions; and fluctuations in foreign currencies. No assurances can be given that these factors will not have a material adverse effect on future international sales and operations and, consequently, on business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. Properties
The Company’s design and assembly facilities and executive offices are located in Portland, Oregon in three company-owned buildings totaling approximately 40,500 square feet. SEL occupies a 1,080-square foot facility in Coventry, England pursuant to a three-year lease beginning March 29, 2011 with a basic monthly rent of £917 (approximately $1,400 as of May 31, 2012).
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
There are no material legal proceedings currently pending against the Company.
Item 4.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company’s Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SMIT.”
The following tables set forth the high and low sales prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market for the periods indicated.
As of July 31, 2012, there were 2,990,910 shares of Common Stock outstanding held by approximately 175 holders of record. The number of holders does not include individual participants in security position listings; the Company believes that there are more than 1,750 individual holders of shares of Common Stock.
The Company has not paid any dividends on its Common Stock since 1994. The Company’s current policy is to retain earnings to finance the Company’s business. Future dividends will be dependent upon the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, current and anticipated cash requirements, acquisition plans and plans for expansion and any other factors that the Company’s Board of Directors deems relevant. The Company has no present intention of paying dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
This table shows information about equity awards under the Company’s equity compensation plans at May 31, 2012:
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
In thousands, except per share information
Item 7.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
Schmitt Industries, Inc. designs, manufactures and markets computer-controlled vibration detection and balancing equipment (the Balancer segment) to the worldwide machine tool industry and, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc., precision laser-based surface roughness measurement products, laser-based distance measurement products and ultrasonic measurement systems (the Measurement segment) for a variety of industrial applications worldwide. The Company sells and markets its products in Europe through its wholly owned subsidiary, Schmitt Europe Ltd. (SEL) located in the United Kingdom. The Company is organized into two operating segments: the Balancer segment and the Measurement segment.
For the year ended May 31, 2012 (Fiscal 2012), total sales increased $2.9 million, or 25.6%, to $14.4 million from $11.5 million in the year ended May 31, 2011 (Fiscal 2011). Balancer segment sales focus throughout the world on end-users, rebuilders and original equipment manufacturers of grinding machines with the target geographic markets in North America, South America, Asia and Europe. Balancer sales increased $1.3 million, or 15.7%, to $9.3 million in Fiscal 2012 compared to $8.0 million in Fiscal 2011. The Fiscal 2012 increase in balancer sales is due to higher volumes of shipments as the worldwide automotive and manufacturing industries continue to recover from the global economic downturn, particularly in North America. The Measurement segment product line consists of laser-based light-scatter, distance measurement and dimensional sizing products and remote tank monitoring products. Total Measurement sales increased $1.7 million, or 48.5%, to $5.2 million in Fiscal 2012 compared to $3.5 million in Fiscal 2011. The increase is primarily due to higher volumes of shipments across all of the Measurement segment product lines.
Operating expenses have increased $484,000, or 8.3%, to $6.3 million in Fiscal 2012 from $5.8 million in Fiscal 2011. General, administrative and sales expenses increased $670,000, or 12.7%, in Fiscal 2012 to $6.0 million as compared to $5.3 million in the prior fiscal year. Research and development expenses decreased $186,000, or 36.9%, to $318,000 in Fiscal 2012 from $504,000 in Fiscal 2011.
Net income was $77,000, or $0.03 per fully diluted share, for the year ended May 31, 2012 as compared to a net loss of $205,000, or $0.07 per fully diluted share, for the year ended May 31, 2011.
Critical Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition - The Company recognizes revenue for sales and billing for freight charges upon delivery of the product to the customer at a fixed or determinable price with a reasonable assurance of collection, passage of title to the customer as indicated by shipping terms and fulfillment of all significant obligations, pursuant to
the guidance provided by Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605. For sales to all customers, including manufacturer representatives, distributors or their third-party customers, these criteria are met at the time product is shipped. When other significant obligations remain after products are delivered, revenue is recognized only after such obligations are fulfilled. In addition, judgments are required in evaluating the credit worthiness of our customers. Credit is not extended to customers and revenue is not recognized until we have determined that collectability is reasonably assured.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - Our policy is to maintain allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Credit limits for all customers are established based upon several factors, including but not limited to financial condition and stability, payment history, published credit reports and use of credit references. On a monthly basis, management performs various analyses to evaluate accounts receivable balances to ensure recorded amounts reflect estimated net realizable value. This review includes accounts receivable agings, other operating trends and relevant business conditions, including general economic factors, as they relate to the Company’s domestic and international customers. When a customer’s account balance becomes past due, we initiate dialogue with the customer to determine the cause. If it is determined that the customer will be unable to meet its financial obligation to us, such as in the case of a bankruptcy filing, we record a specific allowance to reduce the related receivable to the amount we expect to recover given all of the information presently available.
Inventories - As a designer and manufacturer of high technology systems, we are exposed to a number of economic and industry factors that could result in portions of our inventories becoming either obsolete or in excess of anticipated usage. These factors include, but are not limited to, technological changes in our markets, our ability to meet changing customer requirements, competitive pressures in products and prices, and the availability of key components from our suppliers. Our policy is to record inventory write-downs when conditions exist that suggest our inventories may be in excess of anticipated demand for our products and market conditions. We regularly evaluate the ability to realize the value of our inventories based upon a combination of factors including the following: historical usage rates, forecasted sales or usage, product end of life dates, estimated current and future market values and new product introductions. Purchasing requirements and alternative usage avenues are explored within these processes to mitigate inventory exposure. When recorded, our write-downs are intended to reduce the carrying value of our inventories to their net realizable value and establish a new cost basis.
Deferred Taxes- The Company applies the asset and liability method in recording income taxes, under which deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined, based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using currently enacted tax rates and laws. Additionally, deferred tax assets are evaluated and a valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Management continues to review the level of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. There can be no assurance that the Company’s future operations will produce sufficient earnings so that the deferred tax assets can be fully utilized.
Intangible Assets - There is a periodic review of intangible and other long-lived assets for impairment. This review consists of the analysis of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is determined by comparing the forecasted future undiscounted net cash flows from the operations to which the assets relate, based on management’s best estimates using the appropriate assumptions and projections at the time, to the carrying amount of the assets. If the carrying value is determined to be in excess of future operating cash flows, the asset is considered impaired and a loss is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Discussion of Operating Results
Sales - Sales in the Balancer segment increased $1.3 million, or 15.7%, to $9.3 million for Fiscal 2012 compared to $8.0 million for Fiscal 2011. This increase is primarily due to higher unit sales volumes in North America offset by decreases in unit sales volumes in Asia and Europe during the year. North American sales increased $1.5 million, or 45.9%, in Fiscal 2012 compared to Fiscal 2011. Sales into Asia decreased $370,000, or 9.7%, in Fiscal 2012 compared to the prior year. Sales into Europe decreased $14,000, or 1.6%, in Fiscal 2012 compared to Fiscal 2011. Sales on other regions of the world increased $187,000, or 162.3%, during Fiscal 2012 as compared to the prior year. The increases in North America and other regions of the world are primarily due to higher volumes of shipments as the worldwide automotive and industrial markets in these regions continue to recover from the global economic downturn. The decreases in Asia and Europe are due to a reduction in orders as economic growth in China is slowing and the uncertainty regarding the European economy continues to have a negative impact on manufacturing. The levels of demand for our Balancer products in any of these geographic markets cannot be forecasted with any certainty given current economic trends and the historical volatility experienced in this market.
Sales in the Measurement segment increased $1.7 million, or 48.5%, to $5.2 million in Fiscal 2012 compared to $3.5 million in Fiscal 2011. Sales of laser-based distance measurement and dimensional-sizing products increased $772,000, or 28.3%, primarily due to a large, non-recurring sale during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2012. Sales of remote tank monitoring products increased $479,000 to $581,000 during Fiscal 2012 due to the higher volume of shipments. Sales of laser-based surface measurement products increased $439,000, or 67.1%, primarily due to the sale of two CASI scatterometers. Future sales of laser-based or ultrasonic measurement products cannot be forecasted with any certainty given the historical volatility experienced in this market.
Sales in the Balancer segment increased $3.3 million, or 71.5%, to $8.0 million for Fiscal 2011 compared to $4.7 million for Fiscal 2010. This increase is primarily due to higher unit sales volumes in Asia, North America and Europe during the year. Asia sales increased $1.8 million, or 93.5%, in Fiscal 2011 compared to Fiscal 2010. North American sales increased $1.4 million, or 77.9%, in Fiscal 2011 compared to the prior year. European sales increased $108,000, or 13.5%, in Fiscal 2011 compared to Fiscal 2010. The increases across all geographies are primarily due to higher volumes of shipments as the worldwide automotive and industrial markets in these regions have begun to recover from the previous low levels due to the global economic downturn.
Sales in the Measurement segment increased $1.3 million, or 63.1%, to $3.5 million in Fiscal 2011 compared to $2.1 million in Fiscal 2010. Sales of laser-based distance measurement and dimensional sizing products increased $1.1 million, or 67.1%, primarily due to the higher volume of shipments in the current fiscal year resulting from the economic recovery in the commercial and industrial markets. Sales of laser-based surface measurement products increased $160,000, or 32.3%, primarily due to the sale of a CASI scatterometer and the September 30, 2009 acquisition of Optical Dimensions which resulted in product sales of $202,000 during Fiscal 2011. During Fiscal 2011, we started to ship our Xact ultrasonic measurement product which resulted in $102,000 of revenues.
Gross margin - Gross margin in Fiscal 2012 decreased to 43.9% compared to 48.8% in Fiscal 2011. This decrease was primarily due to higher inventory reserves associated with an end-of-life SBS balancer product, higher labor and overhead costs related to the increased sales volumes offset by a reduction in inventory component costs. Gross margin in Fiscal 2011 increased to 48.8% compared to 44.7% in Fiscal 2010. This increase is primarily due to a shift in product sales mix with sales increasing in the Measurement segment, which typically have higher gross margins than the Balancer segment, and sales in the Balancer segment rebounding positively in the North American market, which generally have slightly higher margins than Asia due to the channel and distributor discounts required in Asia.
Operating expenses - Operating expenses increased $484,000, or 8.3%, to $6.3 million for Fiscal 2012 compared to $5.8 million in Fiscal 2011. General, administrative and sales expenses increased $670,000, or 12.7%, to $6.0 million in Fiscal 2012 compared to $5.3 million in the prior year. This increase is due primarily to higher personnel costs, higher commissions related to the increased sales and higher sales and marketing expenses. Research and development expenses decreased $186,000, or 36.9%, to $318,000 in Fiscal 2012 compared to $504,000 in Fiscal 2011. The decrease in research and development expense is primarily due to lower material costs associated with new product development related to existing product lines.
Operating expenses increased $1.0 million, or 21.7%, to $5.8 million for Fiscal 2011 compared to $4.8 million in Fiscal 2010. General, administrative and sales expenses increased $1.1 million, or 26.6%, to $5.3 million in Fiscal 2011 compared to $4.2 million in the prior year. This increase is due primarily to higher commissions related to the increase in sales, higher stock-based compensation and higher expenses associated with an international trade show that occurs every two years. Research and development expenses decreased $80,000, or 13.7%, to $504,000 in Fiscal 2011 as compared to $585,000 in Fiscal 2010. Research and development expenses decreased primarily due to lower material costs associated with new product development.
Other income - Other income consists of interest income, foreign currency exchange gain (loss) and other income (expense). Interest income was $2,000, $4,000 and $11,000 in Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Interest income has decreased due to lower average cash and investment balances and lower interest rates. Foreign currency exchange gain was $18,000 and $19,000 in Fiscal 2012 and 2010, respectively. Foreign currency exchange loss was $10,000 in Fiscal 2011. The foreign currency exchange gain (loss) fluctuated with the strength of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar during the respective periods. Other income consisted of an $18,000 gain on the sales of fixed assets for Fiscal 2012.
Income tax provision - The effective tax rate in Fiscal 2012 was 18.1%. The effective tax rate on consolidated net income in Fiscal 2012 differs from the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to the amount of income from foreign jurisdictions, changes in the deferred tax valuation allowance and certain expenses not being deductible for income tax reporting offset by tax credits related to research and experimentation expenses. The effective tax rate on consolidated net loss was (0.8)% for Fiscal 2011. The Company’s effective tax rate on consolidated net loss differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the amount of income from foreign jurisdictions, changes in the deferred tax valuation allowance and certain expenses not being deductible for income tax reporting purposes, offset by tax credits related to research and experimentation expenses. The effective tax rate in Fiscal 2010 was (0.9)%. The effective tax rate on consolidated net loss in Fiscal 2010 differs from the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to the amount of income from foreign jurisdictions, changes in the deferred tax valuation allowance and certain expenses not being deductible for income tax reporting, offset by tax credits related to research and experimentation expenses.
Net income - Net income increased $283,000 to net income of $77,000, or $0.03 per diluted share, for Fiscal 2012 as compared to a net loss of $205,000, or $0.07 per diluted share, for Fiscal 2011. Net income increased due primarily to higher sales and related gross profit and lower research and development expenses, offset by higher general, administrative and selling expenses and a lower gross margin percentage during Fiscal 2012. Net loss decreased $1.5 million to a net loss of $205,000, or $0.07 per diluted share, for Fiscal 2011 compared to a net loss of $1.7 million, or $0.59 per diluted share, for Fiscal 2010. The net loss decreased due primarily to higher sales and related gross profit offset by higher general, administrative and sales expenses during Fiscal 2011.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company’s working capital increased $432,000 to $7.9 million as of May 31, 2012 compared to $7.5 million as of May 31, 2011. Cash and cash equivalents increased $16,000 from May 31, 2011 to $2.8 million as of May 31, 2012.
Cash provided by operating activities was $163,000 in Fiscal 2012 as compared to cash used in operations of $559,000 in Fiscal 2011. The increase is primarily due to increases in net income, decrease in inventory and an increase in accrued liabilities, offset by increases in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses and decreases in accounts payable.
At May 31, 2012, accounts receivable increased $662,000 to $2.5 million compared to $1.8 million as of May 31, 2011. The increase in accounts receivable is due to the increase in sales during Fiscal 2012. Inventories decreased $171,000 to $4.0 million as of May 31, 2012 compared to $4.1 million at May 31, 2011 due to increased inventory reserves related to an end-of-life SBS product. At May 31, 2012, total current liabilities increased $103,000 to $1.5 million as compared to $1.4 million at May 31, 2011. The increase is primarily due to an increase in other accrued liabilities associated with a customer deposit on a future order offset by lower accounts payables as compared to the prior year.
During the year ended May 31, 2012, net cash used in investing activities was $228,000, which primarily consisted of additions to property and equipment for new manufacturing and computer equipment and vehicles offset by the cash proceeds received from the sale of property and equipment.
The Company has a $2.0 million bank line of credit agreement secured by U.S. accounts receivable, inventories and general intangibles. Interest is payable at the bank’s prime rate (3.25% as of May 31, 2012), or LIBOR plus 2.0%, (2.24% as of May 31, 2012). The agreement expires on March 1, 2014. There were no outstanding balances on the line of credit at May 31, 2012 and 2011.
We believe that our existing cash and investments combined with the cash we anticipate to generate from operating activities, and our available line of credit and financing available from other sources will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the foreseeable future. We do not have any significant commitments nor are we aware of any significant events or conditions that are likely to have a material impact on our liquidity or capital resources.
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
In thousands, except per share information (unaudited)
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
The Company did not have any derivative financial instruments as of May 31, 2012. However, the Company could be exposed to interest rate risk at any time in the future and, therefore, employs established policies and procedures to manage its exposure to changes in the market risk of its cash equivalents.
The Company’s interest income and expense are most sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. and European interest rates. In this regard, changes in U.S. and European interest rates affect the interest earned on the Company’s interest bearing cash equivalents and short term investments. The Company has a variable rate line of credit facility with a bank but there is no outstanding balance as of May 31, 2012. Also, there is no other long-term obligation whose interest rates are based on variable rates that may fluctuate over time based on economic changes in the environment. Therefore, at this time, the Company is not subject to interest rate risk on outstanding interest bearing obligations if market interest rates fluctuate and does not expect any change in the interest rates to have a material effect on the Company’s results from operations.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company markets and sells its products worldwide and international sales have accounted for and are expected to continue to account for a significant portion of future revenue. The Company operates a subsidiary in the United Kingdom and acquires certain materials and services from vendors transacted in foreign currencies. Therefore, the Company’s business and financial condition is sensitive to currency exchange rates or any other restrictions imposed on their currencies. For Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, results of operations included gains (losses) on foreign currency translation of $18,000, ($10,000) and $19,000, respectively. The foreign exchange gains or losses in Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 were primarily attributable to Company’s United Kingdom subsidiary, Schmitt Europe, Ltd.
Item 8.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
SCHMITT INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SCHMITT INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SCHMITT INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SCHMITT INDUSTRIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND 2010
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES NOTE 1
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Schmitt Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) designs, manufactures, and markets computer-controlled vibration detection and balancing equipment primarily to the machine tool industry. Through its wholly owned subsidiary, Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc., the Company designs, manufactures and markets precision laser-based surface measurement systems for the disk drive, silicon wafer and optics industries; laser-based distance measurement and dimensional sizing products for a wide variety of commercial and industrial applications; and ultrasonic measurement products that accurately measure the fill levels of large liquefied propane tanks and transmit that data via satellite to a secure web site.
Principles of Consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc. (“SMS”), Schmitt Europe, Ltd. (“SEL”) and Schmitt Industries (Canada) Limited. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue for sales and billing for freight charges upon delivery of the product to the customer at a fixed and determinable price with a reasonable assurance of collection, passage of title to the customer as indicated by shipping terms and fulfillment of all significant obligations, pursuant to the guidance provided by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605. For sales to all customers, including manufacturer representatives, distributors or their third-party customers, these criteria are met at the time product is shipped. When other significant obligations remain after products are delivered, revenue is recognized only after such obligations are fulfilled. In addition, judgments are required in evaluating the credit worthiness of our customers. Credit is not extended to customers and revenue is not recognized until we have determined that collectability is reasonably assured.
Cash Equivalents
The Company generally invests excess cash in money market funds and investment grade highly liquid securities. The Company considers securities that are highly liquid, readily convertible into cash and have original maturities of less than three months when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash consists of demand deposits in large financial institutions. At times, balances may exceed federally insured limits.
Accounts Receivable
The Company maintains credit limits for all customers based upon several factors, including but not limited to payment history, published credit reports and use of credit references. Management performs various analyses to evaluate accounts receivable balances to ensure recorded amounts reflect estimated net realizable value. This review includes using accounts receivable agings, other operating trends and relevant business conditions, including general economic factors, as they relate to each of the Company’s domestic and international customers. If these analyses lead management to the conclusion that potential significant accounts are uncollectible, a reserve is provided. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $26,720 and $21,580 as of May 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
Inventories
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market with cost determined on the average cost basis. Costs included in inventories consist of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, which are related to the purchase or production of inventories. Write-downs, when required, are made to reduce excess inventories to their net realizable values. Such estimates are based on assumptions regarding future demand and market conditions. If actual conditions become less favorable than the assumptions used, an additional inventory write-down may be required. As of May 31 inventories consisted of:
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to seven years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment; three years for vehicles; and twenty-five years for buildings and improvements. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Foreign Currency Translation
Financial statements for the Company’s subsidiaries outside the United States are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and weighted average exchange rates for income and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity titled “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss.” Transaction gains and losses are included in net income (loss).
Advertising
Advertising costs included in general, administrative and selling, are expensed when the advertising first takes place. Advertising expense was $98,093, $70,411 and $56,463 for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs, predominately internal labor costs and costs of materials, are charged to expense when incurred.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation includes expense charges for all stock-based awards to employees and directors granted under the Company’s stock option plan. The Company requires the measurement and recognition of compensation for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors including stock options based on estimated fair values.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
Stock-based compensation recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of the stock-based award that will vest during the period, adjusted for expected forfeitures. Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is recognized using the straight-line method.
Income Taxes
The Company applies the asset and liability method in recording income taxes, under which deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined, based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using currently enacted tax rates and laws. Additionally, deferred tax assets are evaluated and a valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company currently has a valuation allowance against all of their net deferred tax assets. Management continues to review the level of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. There can be no assurance that the Company’s future operations will produce sufficient earnings so that the deferred tax asset can be fully utilized.
Intangible Assets
Amortizable intangible assets, which include purchased technology and patents, are amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from five to seventeen years. As of May 31, 2012 and 2011, amortizable intangible assets were $2,200,883 and accumulated amortization was $987,971 and $853,336, respectively. Amortization expense is expected to be approximately $135,000 in Fiscal 2013 and 2014, $119,000 in Fiscal 2015 and $112,000 in Fiscal 2016 and 2017.
Intangible and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is determined by comparing the forecasted future net cash flows from the operations to which the assets relate, based on management’s best estimates using the appropriate assumptions and projections at the time, to the carrying amount of the assets. If the carrying value is determined to be in excess of future operating cash flows, the asset is considered impaired and a loss is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. As of May 31, 2012, management did not believe impairment, as defined above, existed.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for dilutive incremental shares attributed to outstanding options to purchase common stock. Common stock equivalents for stock options are computed using the treasury stock method. In periods in which a net loss is incurred, no common stock equivalents are included since they are antidilutive and as such all stock options outstanding are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss in those periods. 0, 66,489 and 78,241 potentially dilutive common shares from outstanding stock options have been excluded from diluted earnings (loss) per share for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk are trade accounts receivable. Credit terms generally include a discount of 1.5% if the invoice is paid within ten days, with the net amount payable in 30 days.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
Financial Instruments
The carrying value of all other financial instruments potentially subject to valuation risk (principally consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable) approximates fair value because of their short-term maturities.
Shipping and Handling Charges
The Company incurs costs related to shipping and handling of its manufactured products. These costs are expensed as incurred as a component of cost of sales. Shipping and handling charges related to the receipt of raw materials are also incurred, which are recorded as a cost of the related inventory.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, “Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2011-05”) to improve the comparability, consistency, and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income. ASU 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Accordingly, the Company adopted ASU 1011-05 on June 1, 2012.
In September 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-08, “Testing Goodwill for Impairment” (“ASU 2011-08”) to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. ASU 2011-08 is effective for annual and interim goodwill tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. Accordingly, the Company adopted ASU 2011-08 on June 1, 2012.
LINE OF CREDIT NOTE 2
LINE OF CREDIT
In February 2012, the Company extended its bank line of credit secured by U.S. accounts receivable, inventories and general intangibles through March 1, 2014 and raised the lending limit from $1.0 million to $2.0 million. Interest is payable at the bank’s prime rate (3.25% as of May 31, 2012) or LIBOR plus 2.0%, (2.24% as of May 31, 2012). There were no outstanding balances on the line of credit at May 31, 2012 and 2011.
LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS NOTE 3
LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS
As of May 31, 2012, there were no outstanding obligations under capital leases or purchase contracts. The Company leases certain facilities and equipment to support operations under non-cancelable operating leases and other contractual obligations. Total rent expense for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $75,005, $56,913 and $36,348, respectively.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
The approximate future minimum commitments under leases and contractual obligations for each of the years ending May 31 are as follows:
INCOME TAXES NOTE 4
INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes is as follows:
Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following components:
Deferred tax assets are evaluated and a valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company has recorded a substantial deferred tax asset related to temporary differences between book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. During Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company increased its valuation allowance $6,753, $3,953, and $665,025 respectively, as a result of the write-down of deferred tax assets. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against all of its deferred tax assets as the recent losses have been given more weight than projected future income when determining the need for a valuation allowance.
The Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1.2 million which expire in 2029 and 2030 along with the federal general business and other credit carryforwards. The Company has state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $2.9 million which expire in 2024 and 2025.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income taxes determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal tax rate to pre-tax loss due to the following:
Each year the Company files income tax returns in the various federal, state and local income taxing jurisdictions in which it operates. These tax returns are subject to examination and possible challenge by the taxing authorities. Positions challenged by the taxing authorities may be settled or appealed by the Company. As a result, there is an uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the Company’s financial statements in accordance with ASC Topic 740. The Company applies this guidance by defining criteria that an individual income tax position must meet for any part of the benefit of that position to be recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, accounting for interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $7,500 and $0 as of May 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as components of the “Provision for income taxes.” The liability for payment of interest and penalties was $0 as of both May 31, 2012 and 2011.
Several tax years are subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions. In the United States, federal tax years for Fiscal 2007 and after are subject to examination. In the United Kingdom, tax years for Fiscal 2006 and after are subject to examination. In Canada, tax years for 2005 and after are subject to examination. In the United States, returns related to an acquired subsidiary for the year ended October 31, 1994 and final return for the period ended May 19, 1995 are also subject to examination.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES NOTE 5
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In a transaction related to the acquisition of Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc., formerly TMA Technologies, Inc. (“TMA”), the Company established a royalty pool and vested in each shareholder and debt holder of the acquired company an interest in the royalty pool equal to the amount invested or loaned including interest payable through March 1995. The royalty pool is funded at 5% of net sales (defined as gross sales less returns, allowances and sales commissions) of the Company’s surface measurement products and future derivative products developed by Schmitt Industries, Inc., which utilize these technologies. As part of the royalty pool agreement, each former shareholder and debt holder released TMA from any claims with regard to the acquisition except their rights to future royalties. Royalty expense applicable to the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $40,840, $22,128 and $16,358, respectively.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
In a transaction related to the acquisition of Xtero Datacom Inc., a British Columbia corporation (“Xtero”), former Xtero shareholders will be eligible to receive shares of stock that are exchangeable for shares of Schmitt common stock on a one-for-one basis based on 50% of the after-tax earnings derived from Xtero products during a five-year earn-out program ending on May 31, 2013. This additional consideration, if any, would increase the value of the intangible asset recorded in connection with the acquisition. No additional shares of stock have been issued to former Xtero shareholders as of May 31, 2012.
SEGMENT INFORMATION NOTE 6
SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable business segments: the design and assembly of dynamic balancing systems and components for the machine tool industry (Balancer), and the design and assembly of laser-based test and measurement systems (Measurement). The Company operates in three principal geographic markets: United States, Europe and Asia.
Geographic Information
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
Segment and Geographic Assets
Note - Europe is defined as the European subsidiary, Schmitt Europe, Ltd.
STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK BASED COMPENSATION NOTE 7
STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
The Board of Directors adopted the 2004 Stock Option Plan (2004 Plan) in August 2004 and the 1995 Stock Option Plan (1995 Plan) in December 1995, which plan was amended in August 1996 and restated in August 1998. An option granted under the 2004 Plan and/or 1995 Plan (the Plans) might be either an incentive stock option (ISO), or a nonstatutory stock option (NSO). ISOs may be granted only to employees and members of the Board of Directors of the Company and are subject to certain limitations, in addition to restrictions applicable to all stock options under the Plan. Options not meeting these limitations will be treated as NSOs. The purchase price of ISOs is fair market value on the date of grant; the purchase price of NSOs may vary from fair market value. Vesting is at the discretion of the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, but is either 50% at grant date and 16.7% on each anniversary thereafter or 25% at grant date and 25% on each anniversary thereafter. The Company initially reserved 400,000 shares for issuance under the 1995 Plan and 300,000 shares for issuance under the 2004 Plan. The 1995 Plan expired in December 2005 and no additional options may be issued under the 1995 Plan, although expiration of the 1995 Plan did not affect the rights of persons who received stock grants under the 1995 Plan. Stock-based compensation recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 includes compensation cost for stock-based awards granted. All outstanding options will expire no later than 2021.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model as its method of valuation for stock-based awards. The Company’s determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Although the fair value of stock-based awards is determined in accordance with ASC Topic 718, the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, and other reasonable assumptions could provide differing results. These variables include, but are not limited to:
•
Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent remaining term approximately equal to the expected life of the award.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
•
Expected Life. The expected life of awards granted represents the period of time that they are expected to be outstanding. The Company determines the expected life based on historical experience with similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms, vesting schedules and pre-vesting and post-vesting forfeitures.
•
Expected Volatility. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock at the date of grant based on the historical volatility of its common stock. The volatility factor the Company uses is based on its historical stock prices over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of the award. These historical periods may exclude portions of time when unusual transactions occurred.
•
Expected Dividend Yield. The Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero.
•
Expected Forfeitures. The Company uses relevant historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures. The Company records stock-based compensation only for those awards that are expected to vest.
The Company has computed, to determine stock-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the value of all stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as prescribed by ASC Topic 718 using the following assumptions:
Stock-Based Compensation Under ASC Topic 718
The total stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC Topic 718 was $199,396, $202,603 and $93,420 during Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. All stock-based compensation expense has been recorded as general, administration and sales expense in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
At May 31, 2012, the Company had a total of 281,666 outstanding stock options (228,330 vested and exercisable and 53,336 non-vested) with a weighted average exercise price of $4.16. The Company estimates that a total of approximately $63,000 will be recorded as additional stock-based compensation expense during the fiscal year ending May 31, 2013, for all options which were outstanding as of May 31, 2012, but which were not yet vested.
Options outstanding and exercisable consist of the following at May 31, 2012:
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
Options granted, exercised, canceled and expired under the Company’s stock option plan during the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are summarized as follows:
The total intrinsic value of both outstanding and exercisable options at May 31, 2012 and 2011 was $52,083 and $269,719, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $189,063, $1,070 and $0, respectively.
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
EARNINGS PER SHARE NOTE 8
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for dilutive incremental shares attributed to outstanding options to purchase common stock. The following table is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations for each of the three years in the period ended May 31:
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS NOTE 9
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company adopted the Schmitt Industries, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan & Trust effective June 1, 1996. Employees must meet certain age and service requirements to be eligible. Participants may contribute up to 15% of their eligible compensation which may be partially matched by the Company. The Company may further make either a profit sharing contribution or a discretionary contribution. The Company made matching contributions in conjunction with employee contributions to the plan totaling $65,672, $72,151 and $56,532 during Fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS NOTE 10
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Effective June 1, 2004, the Company entered into a contract to provide consulting services to PulverDryer USA, Inc., (“PulverDryer”) pursuant to which PulverDryer paid the Company $8,000 a month from June 2004 through October 2004. PulverDryer also buys certain products from the Company at normal prevailing rates. The
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2012, 2011 AND
Company and PulverDryer extended the contract from November 1, 2004 forward at that same monthly fee of $8,000. The contract was terminated in February 2010. Product sales to PulverDryer during the fiscal years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 totaled $0, $0 and $1,408, respectively.
In connection with the contract, the Board authorized Wayne Case, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, to provide advisory services to PulverDryer, and permitted Mr. Case to receive as compensation the total consulting fees paid by PulverDryer from June 2004 through October 2004. From November 2004 to February 2010, Mr. Case received 40% of the ongoing consulting fee from PulverDryer, which percentage was determined by the Compensation Committee. Mr. Case also served on the board of directors of PulverDryer through the termination of the contract.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Schmitt Industries, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Schmitt Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of May 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Schmitt Industries, Inc. as of May 31, 2012 and 2011 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ MOSS-ADAMS LLP
Portland, Oregon
August 9, 2012
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives, and management necessarily is required to use its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Controls - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of May 31, 2012.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to SEC rules adopted in conformity with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter ended May 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Certain information required by Part III is included in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference. The Proxy Statement will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.
Item 10.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is included in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is included in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is included in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this item is included in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this item is included in the Company’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Financial Statements:
(1) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended May 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
(2) Financial Statement Schedules: All financial statement schedules are omitted either because they are not applicable, not required, or the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits: Reference is made to the list on page 44 of the Exhibits filed with this report.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SCHMITT INDUSTRIES, INC.
By:
/s/ Wayne A. Case
Wayne A. Case
Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer
Date:
August 9, 2012
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on August 9, 2012.
Signature
Title
/s/ Wayne A. Case
Wayne A. Case
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ James A. Fitzhenry
James A. Fitzhenry
Director and President
/s/ Jeffrey T Siegal
Jeffrey T Siegal
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Maynard Brown
Maynard Brown
Director
/s/ David M. Hudson
David M. Hudson
Director
/s/ Michael J. Ellsworth
Michael J. Ellsworth
Director
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K.