Item 1. BUSINESS
General
Packaging Corporation of America, or PCA, is the sixth largest producer of containerboard and corrugated products in the United States, based on production capacity as reported by company Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings and press releases. With 2005 net sales of $2.0 billion, PCA produced about 2.3 million tons of containerboard, of which about 82% of the tons produced was consumed in our corrugated products manufacturing plants, 13% was sold to domestic customers and 5% was sold to the export market. Our corrugated products manufacturing plants sold about 31.2 billion square feet (BSF) of corrugated products.
Containerboard Production and Corrugated Shipments
The 2.3 million tons of containerboard that we produced in 2005 included 1.4 million tons of kraft linerboard produced at our mills located in Counce, Tennessee and Valdosta, Georgia, and 0.9 million tons of semi-chemical corrugating medium produced at our mills located in Tomahawk, Wisconsin and Filer City, Michigan. We currently lease the cutting rights to approximately 108,000 acres of timberland located near our Counce and Valdosta mills. We also have supply agreements on about 390,000 of the 800,000 acres of timberland we sold during 1999 and 2000.
Our converting operations produce a wide variety of corrugated packaging products, including conventional shipping containers used to protect and transport manufactured goods, multi-color boxes and displays with strong visual appeal that help to merchandise the packaged product in retail locations. In addition, we are a large producer of meat boxes and wax-coated boxes for the agricultural industry.
Corporate Developments
On April 12, 1999, Pactiv Corporation, formerly known as Tenneco Packaging Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Tenneco Inc., sold its containerboard and corrugated products business to PCA, an entity formed by Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC, a private equity investment firm, in January 1999. The business was sold for $2.2 billion, consisting of $246.5 million in cash and the assumption of $1,760.0 million of debt incurred by Pactiv immediately prior to the contribution. Pactiv retained a 45% common equity interest, or 193,500 shares, in PCA valued at $193.5 million. PCA Holdings LLC, an entity organized and controlled by Madison Dearborn, acquired the remaining 55% common equity interest, or 236,500 shares, in PCA for $236.5 million in cash, which was used to finance in part the transactions.
The share amounts discussed above are prior to a 220-for-1 stock split which occurred in October 1999. Including the effect of the 220-for-1 split, Pactiv received 42,570,000 shares and PCA Holdings, LLC received 52,030,000 shares.
The financing of the transactions consisted of (1) borrowings under a new $1,469.0 million senior credit facility for which J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and BT Alex. Brown Incorporated (the predecessor to Deutsche Banc Alex. Brown) were co-lead arrangers, (2) the offering of $550.0 million of 95¤8% senior subordinated notes due 2009, and $100.0 million of 123¤8% senior exchangeable preferred stock due 2010, (3) a cash equity investment of $236.5 million by PCA Holdings LLC and (4) an equity investment by Pactiv valued at $193.5 million. As required by their terms, the $550.0 million of senior subordinated notes and $100.0 million of senior exchangeable preferred stock issued in the April 12, 1999 transactions were exchanged for publicly registered securities in the same amounts in a registered exchange offer completed in October 1999.
The senior credit facility was entered into to finance in part the transactions and to pay related fees and expenses and to provide future borrowings to PCA for general corporate purposes, including working capital. The senior credit facility initially consisted of three term loan facilities in an original aggregate principal amount of $1,219.0 million and a revolving credit facility with up to $250.0 million in availability. Effective December 14, 1999, PCA elected to reduce its availability under the revolving credit facility from $250.0 million to $150.0 million.
On January 28, 2000, PCA became a publicly traded company with the initial public offering of its common stock. In the offering, Pactiv sold 35,000,000 shares and PCA sold 11,250,000 new shares of common stock, both at an offering price of $12.00 per share. PCA used its net proceeds to redeem all of the outstanding senior exchangeable preferred stock on March 3, 2000.
PCA completed the refinancing of its $735.0 million senior secured debt and $150.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility on June 29, 2000. Completion of the refinancing eliminated a $226.5 million term loan, and reduced PCA’s average effective interest rate on its senior secured term debt by approximately 100 basis points.
On November 29, 2000, PCA established an on-balance sheet securitization program for its trade accounts receivable. To effectuate this program, PCA formed a wholly-owned limited purpose subsidiary, Packaging Credit Company, LLC, or PCC, which in turn formed a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, special-purpose subsidiary, Packaging Receivables Company, LLC, or PRC, for the purpose of acquiring receivables from PCC. Both of these entities are included in the consolidated financial statements of PCA. Under this program, PCC purchases on an ongoing basis all of the receivables of PCA and sells such receivables to PRC. PRC and lenders established a $150.0 million receivables-backed revolving credit facility through which PRC obtains funds to purchase receivables from PCC. The receivables purchased by PRC are and will be solely the property of PRC. In the event of a liquidation of PRC, the creditors of PRC would be entitled to satisfy their claims from PRC’s assets prior to any distribution to PCC or PCA. Credit available under the receivables credit facility is on a borrowing-base formula. As a result, the full amount of the facility may not be available at all times. On October 13, 2003, PCA renewed the receivables credit facility for an additional three-year term, expiring on October 10, 2006. As of December 31, 2005, $109.0 million was outstanding and $41.0 million was available for additional borrowing under the receivables credit facility. The highest outstanding principal balance under the receivables credit facility during fiscal 2005 was $109.0 million.
During 2001, Pactiv sold approximately 6,160,240 shares of PCA common stock, which represented its remaining ownership interest.
On July 7, 2003, PCA repaid all borrowings under its then-existing senior credit facility. This facility was replaced with a senior unsecured credit facility that provides for a $100.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $35.0 million subfacility for letters of credit, and a $50.0 million term loan. The senior credit facility closed on July 21, 2003, and it expires in July 2008. PCA’s total borrowings under the senior credit facility as of December 31, 2005 consisted of $39.0 million of term loans.
On July 21, 2003, PCA closed its offering and private placement of $150.0 million of 43¤8% five-year notes and $400.0 million of 53¤4% ten-year notes. On July 22, 2003, PCA used the net proceeds from the offering, together with the borrowings under the senior credit facility and cash on hand, to purchase $546.4 million, or 99.3%, of its then outstanding 95¤8% senior subordinated notes. As a result of these transactions, PCA recorded a one-time charge of approximately $76.6 million ($46.7 million after-tax) in the third quarter of 2003. The $76.6 million charge includes the tender offer premium of $55.9 million and a $17.4 million non-cash charge for the write-off of deferred financing fees due to the early extinguishment of debt, which are included in interest expense, and fees and expenses of $3.3 million, which are included in corporate overhead. As required by their terms, the $150.0 million of 43¤8% five-year notes and $400.0 million of 53¤4% ten-year notes were exchanged for publicly registered securities in the same amounts in a registered exchange offer completed in December 2003. The remaining senior subordinated notes were repurchased on April 1, 2004.
On October 13, 2003, PCA announced its intentions to begin paying a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share, or $0.60 per share annually, on its common stock. The first quarterly dividend of $0.15 per share was paid on January 15, 2004 to shareholders of record as of December 15, 2003.
On January 19, 2005 PCA announced an increase on its quarterly dividend to $0.25 per share, or $1.00 per share annually, on its common stock. The first quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share was paid on April 15, 2005 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2005.
On December 21, 2005, PCA completed a secondary offering of its common stock pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2005. The selling stockholder, PCA Holdings LLC, sold 17,825,000 shares of common stock of PCA, which included 2,325,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise in full of their over-allotment option. All of these shares were sold at an initial price to the public market of $21.50 per share, and the selling stockholder received proceeds, net of the underwriting discount, of $20.69 per share. The Company did not sell any shares in, or receive any proceeds from, the secondary offering.
Concurrent with the closing of the secondary offering on December 21, 2005, PCA entered into a common stock repurchase agreement with PCA Holdings LLC. Pursuant to the repurchase agreement, PCA purchased 4,500,000 shares of common stock directly from PCA Holdings LLC at the initial price to the public net of the underwriting discount, or $20.69 per share, the same net price per share received by PCA Holdings LLC in the secondary offering. These shares were retired on December 21, 2005.
Industry Overview
According to the Fibre Box Association, the value of industry shipments of corrugated products was $23.7 billion in 2005.
The primary end-use markets for corrugated products are shown below (as reported in the most recent 2004 Fibre Box Association annual report):
Corrugated products plants tend to be located in close proximity to customers to minimize freight costs. The U.S. corrugated products industry consists of approximately 650 companies and 1,400 plants.
Containerboard, which includes both linerboard and corrugating medium, is the principal raw material used to manufacture corrugated products. Linerboard is used as the inner and outer facings, or liners, of corrugated products. Corrugating medium is fluted and laminated to linerboard in corrugator plants to produce corrugated sheets. The sheets are subsequently printed, cut, folded and glued in corrugator plants or sheet plants to produce corrugated products.
Containerboard may be manufactured from both softwood and hardwood fibers, as well as from recycled fibers from used corrugated and waste from converting operations. Kraft linerboard is made predominantly from softwoods like pine. Semi-chemical corrugating medium is made from hardwoods such as oak. The finished paper product is wound into large rolls, which are slit to size as required by converters and shipped to them.
Linerboard is made in a range of grades or basis weights. The most commonly used basis weight of linerboard is 35 lb., although linerboard is produced in weights that vary from under 26 lb. to over 90 lb. Basis weight represents the weight in pounds per thousand square feet of linerboard. Producers also market linerboard by performance characteristics, appearance and color.
PCA Operations and Products
Our two linerboard mills can manufacture a broad range of linerboard grades ranging from 26 lb. to 96 lb. Our two semi-chemical corrugating medium mills can manufacture grades ranging in weight from 21 lb. to 47 lb. All four of our mills have completed an extensive independent review process to become ISO 9002 certified. ISO 9002 is an international quality certification that verifies a facility maintains and follows stringent procedures for manufacturing, sales and customer service.
Counce. Our Counce, Tennessee mill is one of the largest linerboard mills in the United States. Its production capacity is approximately 979,000 tons per year. In 2005, we produced 966,000 tons of kraft linerboard on two paper machines at Counce. We produced a broad range of basis weights from 26 lb. to 90 lb. The mill also produces a variety of performance and specialty grades of linerboard.
Valdosta. Our Valdosta, Georgia mill is a kraft linerboard mill that has a production capacity of approximately 487,000 tons per year. In 2005, our single paper machine at Valdosta produced 475,000 tons of kraft linerboard. Valdosta produces linerboard ranging from 33 lb. to 90 lb.
Tomahawk. Our Tomahawk, Wisconsin mill is the second largest corrugating medium mill in the United States with production capacity of 575,000 tons per year on three paper machines. In 2005, we produced 532,000 tons of semi-chemical corrugating medium at Tomahawk. Our number four paper machine at Tomahawk is among the largest corrugating medium machines in the world. In April, 2005, we completed an indefinite closure of our number three paper machine at Tomahawk. This was done after resuming production on our number one paper machine at Filer City which had been down since July 1998. The machine shutdown at Tomahawk was the result of higher incremental fiber and transportation costs at Tomahawk compared to the same incremental costs to operate the number one machine at Filer City. Tomahawk’s production capacity on the two paper machines remaining in operation is 510,000 tons. Our Tomahawk mill produces a broad range of basis weights from 23 lb. to 40 lb. and a variety of performance and specialty grades of corrugating medium.
Filer City. Our Filer City, Michigan mill is a semi-chemical corrugating medium mill with a production capacity of 385,000 tons. In 2005, we produced 375,000 tons of corrugating medium. On January 25, 2005, we resumed operation of our number one paper machine at Filer City and now operate all three paper machines at the mill. Filer City produces corrugating medium grades ranging in basis weight from 23 lb. to 40 lb.
We operate 68 corrugated manufacturing operations, a technical and development center, five regional graphic design centers, a rotogravure printing operation and a complement of packaging supplies
and distribution centers. Of the 68 manufacturing facilities, 40 operate as combining operations, commonly called corrugated plants, that manufacture corrugated sheets and finished corrugated containers. The remaining 28 manufacturing facilities, commonly called sheet plants, purchase combined sheets primarily produced at PCA’s combining operations and manufacture finished corrugated containers. The five graphic design centers are located in Fairfield, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; Cranbury, New Jersey; Salisbury, North Carolina and South Gate, California.
We have corrugated manufacturing operations in 27 states in the U.S., with no manufacturing facilities outside of the continental U.S. Each corrugator plant serves a market radius that typically averages 150 miles. Our sheet plants are generally located in close proximity to our larger corrugator plants, which enables us to offer additional services and converting capabilities such as small volume and quick turnaround items.
We produce a wide variety of products ranging from basic corrugated shipping containers to specialized packaging such as wax-coated boxes for the agriculture industry. We also have multi-color printing capabilities to make high-impact graphics boxes and displays that offer customers more attractive packaging.
Timberland
We currently lease the cutting rights to approximately 108,000 acres of timberland located near our Counce and Valdosta mills. Virtually all of the acres under cutting rights agreements are located within 100 miles of these two mills, which results in lower wood transportation costs and provides a secure source of wood fiber. These leased cutting rights agreements have terms with over 15 years remaining, on average.
During 1999 and 2000, PCA sold about 800,000 acres of timberland. As part of the timberland sale agreements, we entered into supply arrangements covering about 600,000 acres of the total acres sold. In 2005, the supply agreement related to our Valdosta mill on approximately 200,000 acres was terminated through a mutual agreement because lower cost pulpwood was available in closer proximity to the mill. We hold a 311¤3% equity ownership interest in approximately 53,000 acres owned by Southern Timber Venture, LLC (STV). This acreage is located primarily in southern Georgia and northern Florida, and includes both timberlands and higher beneficial use (HBU) properties. We currently have in place supply agreements covering about 390,000 of the 800,000 acres sold. The majority of the acreage under supply agreement is located in close proximity to our Counce mill.
In addition to the timberland we manage ourselves, our Forest Management Assistance Program provides professional forestry assistance to private timberland owners to improve harvest yields and to optimize their harvest schedule. We have managed the regeneration of approximately 125,000 acres by supplying pine seedlings. In exchange for our expertise, we are given the right of first refusal over timber sales from those lands. These private lands include over 210,000 acres of timberland. We expect to harvest approximately 75,000 cords of wood from these forests annually.
PCA also participates in the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, which is organized by the American Forest and Paper Association. This initiative is aimed at ensuring the long-term health and conservation of America’s forestry resources. Activities include limiting tree harvest sizes, replanting harvest acreage, participating in flora and fauna research and protecting water streams.
Solid Wood Facilities
During 2005, we owned and operated two sawmills located in Ackerman and Fulton, Mississippi, which sold 131 million board feet of lumber used to make furniture and building products. We also have an air-dry yard operation in Burnsville, Mississippi that holds newly cut lumber while it dries.
Sales and Marketing
Our corrugated products are sold through a direct sales and marketing organization. We have sales representatives and a sales manager at each corrugated manufacturing operation who serve local and regional accounts. We also have corporate account managers who serve large national accounts at multiple customer locations. Additionally, our graphic design centers maintain an on-site dedicated graphics sales force. General marketing support is located at our corporate headquarters.
Our containerboard sales group is responsible for the sale of linerboard and corrugating medium to our corrugator plants, to other domestic customers and to the export market. This group handles order processing for all shipments of containerboard from our mills to our corrugator plants. These personnel also coordinate and execute all containerboard trade agreements with other containerboard manufacturers. In addition to direct sales and marketing personnel, we utilize support personnel that are new product development engineers and product graphics and design specialists. These individuals are located at both the corrugator plants as well as the graphic design centers.
Distribution
Our corrugated products are usually delivered by truck due to our large number of customers and their demand for timely service. Shipping costs represent a relatively high percentage of our total costs due to the high bulk of corrugated products. As a result, our converting operations typically service customers within a 150 miles radius.
Containerboard produced in our mills is shipped by rail or truck. Rail shipments represent about 65% of the tons shipped and the remaining 35% is comprised of truck shipments. Our individual mills do not own or maintain outside warehousing facilities. We do use some third-party warehouses for short-term storage.
Customers
PCA’s corrugated products group sells to over 8,300 customers in over 15,000 locations. About 65% to 70% of our corrugated products customers are regional and local accounts, which are broadly diversified across industries and geographic locations. The remaining 30% to 35% of our customer base consists primarily of national accounts, or those customers with a national presence. These customers typically purchase corrugated products from several of our box plants throughout the United States.
Major Raw Materials Used
Fiber supply. Fiber is the single largest cost in the manufacture of containerboard. PCA consumes both wood fiber and recycled fiber in our containerboard mills. We have no 100% recycled mills, or those mills whose fiber consumption consists solely of recycled fiber. To reduce our fiber costs, we have invested in processes and equipment to ensure a high degree of fiber flexibility. Our mills have the capability to shift a portion of their fiber consumption between softwood, hardwood and recycled sources. With the exception of our Valdosta mill, our other mills can utilize some recycled fiber in their containerboard production. Our ability to use various types of virgin and recycled fiber helps mitigate the impact of changes in the prices of various fibers. Our corrugated manufacturing operations generate recycled fiber as a by-product from the manufacturing process, which is sold to our mills directly or through trade agreements. During 2005, our containerboard mills consumed approximately 592,000 tons of recycled fiber and our corrugated converting operations generated approximately 211,000 tons of recycled fiber. As a result, PCA was a net recycled fiber buyer of 381,000 tons, or 16% of our total fiber requirements.
Energy supply. Energy at the mills is obtained through purchased electricity or through various fuels, which are converted to steam or electricity on-site. Fuel sources include coal, natural gas, oil, internally
produced and purchased bark and by-products of the containerboard manufacturing and pulping process. These fuels are burned in boilers to produce steam. Steam turbine generators are used to produce electricity. To reduce our mill energy cost, we have invested in processes and equipment to ensure a high level of purchased fuel flexibility. In recent history, natural gas and fuel oil have exhibited higher costs per thermal unit and more price volatility than coal and bark. During 2005, 12.4 million MMBTU’s (million BTU’s), or approximately 75% of our mills’ purchased fuel needs, were from purchased bark and coal, historically our two lowest cost purchased fuels. For the same period, our mills consumed about 1.1 million MMBTU’s of natural gas (7% of the mills’ total purchased fuels) and 2.8 million MMBTU’s of oil (17% of the mills’ total purchased fuels). Our two, kraft linerboard mills at Counce and Valdosta generate approximately two-thirds of their fuel requirements from their own by-products.
PCA’s corrugated plants each have a boiler that produces steam which is used by the corrugator. The majority of these boilers burn natural gas, although some also have the ability to burn fuel oil. During 2005, PCA’s corrugated products plants consumed approximately 2.1 million MMBTU’s of natural gas.
The following table shows PCA’s purchased fuel consumption by fuel type for 2005:
In the second half of 2005, a concentrated effort was undertaken to minimize the use of natural gas, the highest cost per MMBTU fuel consumed in our mills. As a result of this effort, we were able to operate our mills with only 4.9% natural gas use during the third quarter and only 3.3% natural gas use during the fourth quarter.
Approximately 45% of the electricity consumed by our four mills is generated on-site. Our mills purchase approximately 8,965,000 CkWh annually, or the equivalent of 3.1 million MMBTU’s. PCA’s corrugated products plants purchase about 2,420,000 CkWh annually, or the equivalent of 0.8 million MMBTU’s.
Competition
Corrugated products are produced by about 650 U.S. companies operating approximately 1,400 plants. Most corrugated products are custom manufactured to the customer’s specifications. Corrugated producers generally sell within a 150-mile radius of their plants and compete with other corrugated producers in their local market. In fact, the Fibre Box Association tracks industry data by 47 distinct market regions.
The larger, multi-plant integrated companies may also solicit larger, multi-plant customers who purchase for all of their facilities on a consolidated basis. These customers are often referred to as national or corporate accounts.
Corrugated products businesses seek to differentiate themselves through pricing, quality, service, design and product innovation. We compete for both local and national account business and we compete against producers of other types of packaging products. On a national level, our competitors include International Paper Company, Koch Industries, Inc., Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Temple-Inland Inc. and Weyerhaeuser Company. However, with our strategic focus on local and regional accounts, we believe we compete as much with the smaller, independent converters as with the larger, integrated producers.
Our principal competitors with respect to sales of our containerboard produced but not consumed at our own corrugated products plants are a number of large, diversified paper companies, including International Paper Company, Koch Industries, Inc., Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Temple-Inland Inc. and Weyerhaeuser Company, as well as other regional manufacturers. Containerboard is generally considered a commodity-type product and can be purchased from numerous suppliers.
Employees
As of December 31, 2005, we had approximately 8,300 employees. Approximately 2,300 of these employees were salaried and approximately 6,000 were hourly. Approximately 75% of our hourly employees are represented by unions. The majority of our unionized employees are represented primarily by the United Steel Workers (USW), the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), and the International Association of Machinists (IAM).
Contracts for unionized employees at our containerboard mills expire between May 2006 and October 2009. Contracts for unionized corrugated plant employees expire between February 2006 and December 2011. We are currently in negotiations to renew or extend any union contracts that are expiring in the near future.
During 2005, we experienced no work stoppages. In 2001, we experienced a one-month strike at our Filer City mill with the USW. The strike was settled, and the mill’s current agreement expires in May 2006. Prior to this incident we had experienced no instances of significant work stoppages in the previous 15 years. We believe we have satisfactory employment relations with our employees.
Environmental Matters
Compliance with environmental requirements is a significant factor in our business operations. We commit substantial resources to maintaining environmental compliance and managing environmental risk. We are subject to, and must comply with, a variety of federal, state and local environmental laws, particularly those relating to air and water quality, waste disposal and the cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater. The most significant of these laws affecting us are:
1. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
2. Clean Water Act (CWA)
3. Clean Air Act (CAA)
4. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know-Act (EPCRA)
5. Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
6. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
We believe that we are currently in material compliance with these and all applicable environmental rules and regulations. Because environmental regulations are constantly evolving, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs to maintain compliance with these and other environmental laws. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we spent approximately $15.8 million to comply with the requirements of these and other environmental laws. For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, the costs of environmental compliance were approximately $15.1 million and $12.4 million, respectively. We work diligently to anticipate and budget for the impact of applicable environmental regulations, and do not currently expect that future environmental compliance obligations will materially affect our business or financial condition.
In April 1998, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a new Clean Air and Water Act commonly referred to as the Cluster Rules, which govern all pulp and paper mill operations, including those at our mills. Over the next several years, the Cluster Rules will affect our allowable discharges of air and water pollutants. As a result, PCA and its competitors are required to incur costs to ensure compliance with these new rules. From 1997 through 2005, we spent approximately $37.5 million on Cluster Rule compliance to meet Clean Air Act requirements. Total capital costs for environmental matters, including Cluster Rule compliance, were $12.9 million for 2005. We currently estimate 2006 environmental capital expenditures will be $5.5 million, of which $1.9 million of the expenditures are to meet Cluster Rule requirements. We currently expect to complete all projects related to Cluster Rule compliance requirements at our four mills during 2006 and estimate the cost to do so to be about $1.9 million.
As is the case with any industrial operation, we have in the past incurred costs associated with the remediation of soil or groundwater contamination. From 1994 through 2005, remediation costs at our mills and converting plants totaled about $3.2 million. We do not believe that any on-going remedial projects are material in nature. As of December 31, 2005, we maintained an environmental reserve of $5.5 million, which includes funds relating to on-site landfill and surface impoundments as well as on-going and anticipated remedial projects. Of the $5.5 million reserve, $3.3 million is reserved for our landfill obligations, which are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations”. We believe these reserves are adequate.
We could also incur environmental liabilities as a result of claims by third parties for civil damages, including liability for personal injury or property damage, arising from releases of hazardous substances or contamination. We are not aware of any material claims of this type currently pending against us.
As a part of the April 12, 1999 transactions, Pactiv agreed to retain all liability for all former facilities and all sites associated with pre-closing offsite waste disposal. Pactiv also retained environmental liability for a closed landfill located near the Filer City mill.
As of this filing, we believe that it is not reasonably possible that future environmental expenditures above the $5.5 million accrued as of December 31, 2005 will have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Available Information
The Company’s internet website address is www.packagingcorp.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Item 1A.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Some of the statements in this report and in our 2005 Annual Report to Shareholders, and in particular, statements found in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, that are not historical in nature may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are often identified by the words “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “hope,” or similar expressions. These statements reflect management’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties. There are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, many of which are beyond our control. These factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the factors described below.
Our actual results, performance or achievement could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements, and accordingly, we can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do so, what impact they will have on our results of operations or financial condition. In view of these uncertainties, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements that have been made to reflect the occurrence of events after the date hereof.
Industry Risks
Industry Earnings Cyclicality-Imbalances of supply and demand for containerboard affect the price at which we can sell containerboard and, as a result, could result in lower selling prices and earnings.
The price of containerboard could fall if the supply of containerboard available for sale in the market exceeds the demand. The demand for containerboard is driven by market needs for containerboard in the United States and abroad to manufacture corrugated shipping containers. Market needs or demand are driven by both global and U.S. business conditions. If supply exceeds demand, prices for containerboard could decline, resulting in decreased earnings and cash flow.
From time to time, we have taken downtime (or slowbacks) at some of our mills to balance our production of containerboard with the market demand for our containerboard, and we may continue to do so in the future. Some of our competitors have also temporarily closed or reduced production at their containerboard mills, some of which could reopen and increase production capacity. This could result in a supply and demand imbalance and cause prices to fall.
Competition-The intensity of competition in the containerboard and corrugated packaging industry combined with the commodity nature of containerboard could result in downward pressure on pricing, which could lower earnings.
PCA operates in an industry that is highly competitive, with no single containerboard or corrugated packaging producer having a dominant position. Containerboard cannot generally be differentiated by producer, which tends to intensify price competition. The corrugated packaging industry is also sensitive to price fluctuations, as well as other factors including innovation, design, quality and service. To the extent that one or more competitors are more successful with respect to any key competitive factor, our business could be adversely affected. Our products also compete, to some extent, with various other packaging materials, including products made of paper, plastics, wood and various types of metal. The intensity of containerboard competition and the commodity nature of containerboard, plus the intensity of corrugated packaging competition, could lead to a reduction in our market share as well as lower prices for our products, both of which could reduce our earnings.
Company Risks
Cost of Wood Fiber-Dependence on external wood fiber sources could lead to higher costs and lower earnings for PCA.
During 1999 and 2000, PCA sold 800,000 acres of owned timberlands. In connection with these sales, we entered into supply agreements at market prices for wood fiber to be consumed at three of our four mills. Currently, we have supply agreements on about 390,000 of the 800,000 acres of timberlands sold. In addition to these supply agreements, PCA also secures wood fiber from various other sources at market prices.
Because we do not own any timberlands, we are more vulnerable to changes in availability of wood fiber in areas adjacent to our mills than those of our competitors who do own timberlands in areas adjacent to their mills, and therefore could face higher wood fiber costs than those competitors, both in terms of the cost of the wood fiber itself as well as the transportation costs to get the wood fiber to our mills. The price for wood fiber has historically fluctuated on a cyclical basis and has often depended on a variety of factors over which we have no control, including environmental and conservation regulations, natural disasters and the weather.
Any increase in wood fiber costs could cause our manufacturing costs to increase and our earnings to decrease to a greater extent than those of our competitors who own their own timberlands.
Cost of Recycled Fiber-An increase in the cost of recycled fiber could increase our containerboard manufacturing costs and lower our earnings.
PCA purchases recycled fiber for use at three of its four containerboard mills. PCA currently purchases, net of recycled fiber generated at its box plants, approximately 400,000 tons of recycled fiber per year.
The increase in demand of products manufactured, in whole or in part, from recycled fiber on a global basis has caused an occasional tightening in the supply of recycled fiber. These periods of supply and demand imbalance have tended to create significant price volatility. We expect that periods of above average recycled fiber costs and overall price volatility will continue, which could result in earnings volatility.
Cost of Purchased Energy-An increase in the cost of purchased energy, particularly natural gas and oil, could lead to higher manufacturing costs, resulting in reduced earnings.
PCA has the capability to use various types of purchased fuels in its manufacturing operations, including coal, bark, natural gas and oil. Energy prices, in particular prices for oil and natural gas, have
fluctuated dramatically in the past and have risen substantially in recent years. These fluctuations impact our manufacturing costs and result in earnings volatility. If energy prices rise, our production costs will increase, which will lead to higher manufacturing costs and reduced earnings.
Environmental Matters-PCA may incur significant environmental liabilities with respect to both past and future operations.
We are subject to, and must comply with, a variety of federal, state and local environmental laws, particularly those relating to air and water quality, waste disposal and the cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater. Because environmental regulations are constantly evolving, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs to maintain compliance with those laws. In our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Environmental Matters,” we provide certain estimates of expenditures we expect to make for environmental compliance in the next few years. Although we have established reserves to provide for future environmental liability, these reserves may not be adequate.
Restrictions Imposed by the Senior Credit Facility, the Receivables Revolving Credit Facility and the Indenture Governing our Notes-Our operating flexibility is limited in certain respects by the covenants in our senior credit facility, the receivables revolving credit facility and the indenture governing our notes.
Our senior credit facility, receivables revolving credit facility and the indenture governing our notes impose restrictions on us that could increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions by limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and industry. Specifically, these restrictions limit our ability, among other things, to:
· incur liens;
· enter into certain transactions with affiliates;
· enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and
· merge or consolidate with any other person or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of PCA.
Major Stockholder; Potential Conflicts-The interests of our major stockholder could conflict with those of the other holders of our common stock.
Our largest stockholder, PCA Holdings, LLC, an entity controlled by Madison Dearborn Partners, holds 21,773,010, or 21.0%, of our outstanding shares of common stock as of February 17, 2006. Two representatives of Madison Dearborn Partners are members of PCA’s seven member Board of Directors, and will continue to play a major role in determining the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, including the election of directors. The interests of Madison Dearborn Partners could conflict with the interests of our other stockholders.
Investment Risks
Availability of Significant Amounts of Common Stock for Sale-The market price of our common stock could be adversely affected as a result of the availability of a significant amount of our common stock for sale.
PCA Holdings LLC currently has registration rights that require us to register its shares of common stock under the Securities Act at our expense. The future sale of a significant number of shares of PCA’s common stock held by PCA Holdings in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.
Potential Impediments to a Change of Control-Some of the provisions of our charter documents and the presence of a large stockholder could discourage acquisition proposals by third parties and could delay, deter or prevent a change in control.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and for other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discouraging a third party from seeking to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock. The presence of a significant stockholder may also deter a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of PCA, even if that might be favorable to PCA or PCA’s other stockholders.
Market Price of our Common Stock-The market price of our common stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.
Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our common stock in spite of our operating performance. In addition, our operating results could be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, and in response, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
The table below provides a summary of our containerboard mills, the principal products produced and each mill’s annual capacity based upon current operations:
* In January, 2005 we resumed operations on our number one paper machine at our Filer City mill and shut down our number three paper machine at our Tomahawk mill in April, 2005. Shutting down the number three machine at Tomahawk reduces our total productive capacity by 65,000 tons at Tomahawk to 510,000 tons and to 2,361,000 tons for our total containerboard mill system. This action was based on market conditions and productivity and could change if market conditions or productivity levels change going forward.
We currently own our four containerboard mills and 46 of our corrugated manufacturing operations (37 corrugated plants and nine sheet plants). We also own two sawmills, an air-drying yard, one warehouse and miscellaneous other property, which includes sales offices and woodlands forest management offices. These sales offices and woodlands forest management offices generally have one to four employees and serve as administrative offices. PCA leases the space for three corrugated plants, 19 sheet plants, five regional design centers, and numerous other distribution centers, warehouses and facilities. The equipment in these leased facilities is, in virtually all cases, owned by PCA, except for forklifts and other rolling stock which are generally leased.
We lease the cutting rights to approximately 108,000 acres of timberland located near our Valdosta (89,000 acres) and Counce (19,000 acres) mills. Most of these cutting rights agreements have terms with over 15 years remaining, on average.
We currently lease space for our corporate headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois. The lease for the Lake Forest, Illinois facility is a short term, facility use agreement lease with automatic renewal rights. Specifically, this lease is a continuous month-to-month lease with unlimited automatic renewals entitling either party the right to terminate the lease with at least 8 months notice. We currently believe that our owned and leased space for facilities and properties are sufficient to meet our operating requirements for the foreseeable future.
Item 3.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On May 14, 1999, PCA was named as a defendant in two Consolidated Class Action Complaints which alleged a civil violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The suits, then captioned Winoff Industries, Inc. v. Stone Container Corporation, MDL No. 1261 (E.D. Pa.) and General Refractories Co. v. Gaylord Container Corporation, MDL No. 1261 (E.D. Pa.), name PCA as a defendant based solely on the allegation that PCA is successor to the interests of Tenneco Packaging Inc. and Tenneco Inc., both of which were also named as defendants in the suits, along with nine other linerboard and corrugated sheet manufacturers. The complaints allege that the defendants, during the period October 1, 1993 through November 30, 1995, conspired to limit the supply of linerboard, and that the purpose and effect of the alleged conspiracy was to artificially increase prices of corrugated containers and corrugated sheets, respectively. On November 3, 2003, Pactiv (formerly known as Tenneco Packaging), Tenneco and PCA entered into an agreement to settle the class action lawsuits. The settlement agreement provides for a full release of all claims against PCA as a result of the class action lawsuits and was approved by the Court in an opinion issued on April 21, 2004. Approximately 160 plaintiffs opted out of the class and together filed about ten direct action complaints in various federal courts across the country. All of the opt-out complaints make allegations against the defendants, including PCA, substantially similar to those made in the class actions. The settlement agreement does not cover these direct action cases. These actions have all been consolidated as In re Linerboard, MDL 1261 (E.D. Pa.) for pretrial purposes. Pactiv, Tenneco and PCA have reached an agreement to settle all of the opt-out cases. These agreements provide for a full release of all claims against PCA as a result of litigation. PCA has made no payments to the plaintiffs as a result of the settlement of any of the opt-out suits. As of the date of this filing, we believe it is not reasonably possible that the outcome of any pending litigation related to these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
PCA is also party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business. These legal actions cover a broad variety of claims spanning our entire business. As of the date of this filing, we believe it is not reasonably possible that the resolution of these legal actions will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 4.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders in the fourth quarter of 2005.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Brief statements setting forth the age at February 21, 2006, the principal occupation, employment during the past five years, the year in which such person first became an officer of PCA, and other information concerning each of our executive officers appears below.
Paul T. Stecko is 61 years old and has served as Chief Executive Officer of PCA since January 1999 and as Chairman of PCA since March 1999. From November 1998 to April 1999, Mr. Stecko served as
President and Chief Operating Officer of Tenneco Inc. From January 1997 to November 1998, Mr. Stecko served as Chief Operating Officer of Tenneco. From December 1993 through January 1997, Mr. Stecko served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Tenneco Packaging Inc. Prior to joining Tenneco Packaging, Mr. Stecko spent 16 years with International Paper Company. Mr. Stecko is a member of the board of directors of Tenneco Inc., State Farm Mutual Insurance Company, American Forest and Paper Association and Cives Corporation.
William J. Sweeney is 65 years old and has served as Executive Vice President-Corrugated Products of PCA since April 1999. From May 1997 to April 1999, Mr. Sweeney served as Executive Vice President-Paperboard Packaging of Tenneco Packaging Inc. From May 1990 to May 1997, Mr. Sweeney served as Senior Vice President and General Manager-Containerboard Products of Tenneco Packaging. From 1983 to May 1990, Mr. Sweeney served as General Manager and Vice President of Stone Container Corporation. From 1978 to 1983, Mr. Sweeney served as Sales Manager, Operations Manager and Division Vice President at Continental Group and from 1967 to 1978, as Sales Manager and General Manager of Boise Cascade Corporation.
Mark W. Kowlzan is 50 years old and has served as Senior Vice President-Containerboard of PCA since March 2002 and as Vice President from April 1999 to March 2002. From 1998 to April 1999, Tenneco Packaging Inc. employed Mr. Kowlzan as Vice President and General Manager-Containerboard and from May 1996 to 1998, as Operations Manager and Mill Manager of the Counce mill. Prior to joining Tenneco Packaging, Mr. Kowlzan spent 15 years at International Paper Company, where he held a series of operational positions within its mill organization.
Richard B. West is 53 years old and has served as Chief Financial Officer of PCA since March 1999, as Corporate Secretary since April 1999 and also as Senior Vice President since March 2002. From April 1999 to March 2002, Mr. West served as Vice President and from March 1999 to June 1999, Mr. West also served as Treasurer of PCA. Mr. West served as Vice President of Finance-Paperboard Packaging of Tenneco Packaging Inc. from 1995 to April 1999. Prior to joining Tenneco Packaging, Mr. West spent 20 years with International Paper Company where he served as an Internal Auditor, Internal Audit Manager and Manufacturing Controller for the Printing Papers Group and Director/Business Process Redesign.
Stephen T. Calhoun is 60 years old and has served as Vice President, Human Resources of PCA since November 2002. From July 1997 to October 2002, Mr. Calhoun served as Director, Human Resources of Corporate and Containerboard Division. From April 1989 to July 1997, Mr. Calhoun was employed principally by Tenneco Packaging Inc. where he held the positions of Area Employee Relations Manager and Human Resources Manager. Prior to joining Tenneco Packaging in 1989, Mr. Calhoun spent 15 years with the then American Can Company where he held several human resources and manufacturing positions.
Thomas A. Hassfurther is 50 years old and has served as Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Corrugated Products since February 2005 and as Vice President, Sales and Marketing from March 1998 to February 2005. Mr. Hassfurther served as Vice President and Area General Manager from January 1991 to February 1998 for Tenneco Packaging Inc. From 1977 - 1990 Mr. Hassfurther served as a sales representative, Sales Manager and General Manager within the Containerboard Products Group.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market for Common Stock; Dividends
PCA’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PKG”. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices and dividends as reported by the New York Stock Exchange during the last two years.
As of February 17, 2006, there were 64 holders of record of our common stock.
The Company expects to pay regular cash dividends, although there is no assurance as to future dividends because they depend on future earnings, capital requirements and financial condition. There are currently no restrictions on the amount of dividends we can pay on our common stock under our existing indebtedness agreements.
No equity securities of PCA were sold by PCA during fiscal year 2005 which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
Stock Repurchase Agreement
On December 21, 2005, the Company completed a secondary offering of its common stock pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2005. The selling stockholder, PCA Holdings LLC, sold 17,825,000 shares of common stock of the Company, which included 2,325,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise in full of their over-allotment option. All of these shares were sold at an initial price to the public market of $21.50 per share, and the selling stockholder received proceeds, net of the underwriting discount, of $20.69 per share. The Company did not sell any shares in, or receive any proceeds from, the secondary offering.
Concurrent with the closing of the secondary offering on December 21, 2005, the Company entered into a common stock repurchase agreement with PCA Holdings LLC. Pursuant to the repurchase agreement, the Company purchased 4,500,000 shares of common stock directly from PCA Holdings LLC at the initial price to the public net of the underwriting discount, or $20.69 per share, the same net price per share received by PCA Holdings LLC in the secondary offering. These shares were retired on December 21, 2005.
The following table sets forth information about our share repurchases under the common stock repurchase agreement in the fiscal fourth quarter of 2005.
Stock Repurchase Program
On May 16, 2001, PCA announced a $100 million common stock repurchase program. The Company may continue to repurchase shares from time to time under this program. Through December 31, 2003, the Company repurchased 5,195,600 shares of common stock for $88.8 million. All repurchased shares were retired prior to December 31, 2003. No shares of common stock were repurchased under this program in 2004 or 2005.
Item 6.
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth the selected historical financial and other data of PCA. The information contained in the table should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the historical consolidated financial statements of PCA, including the notes thereto, contained elsewhere in this report.
(1) On January 1, 2001, the Company recorded a transition adjustment upon adoption of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” to recognize its derivative instruments at fair value and to recognize the effective and ineffective portions of the cash flow hedges.
(2) On October 13, 2003, PCA announced its intention to begin paying a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share, or $0.60 per share annually, on its common stock. The first quarterly dividend of $0.15 per share was paid on January 15, 2004 to shareholders of record as of December 15, 2003. On January 19, 2005, the Company announced an increase in its quarterly cash dividend to $0.25 per common share, or $1.00 per share annually, on its common stock. The first quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share was paid on April 15, 2005 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2005 PCA did not declare any dividends on its common stock for the years ended December 31, 2002 or 2001.
(3) Total long-term obligations include long-term debt, short-term debt and the current maturities of long-term debt.
Item 7.
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of historical results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto which appear elsewhere in this report.
Overview
On April 12, 1999, PCA acquired the containerboard and corrugated products business of Pactiv Corporation (the “Group”), formerly known as Tenneco Packaging Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Tenneco, Inc. The Group operated prior to April 12, 1999 as a division of Pactiv, and not as a separate, stand-alone entity. From its formation in January 1999 and through the closing of the acquisition on April 12, 1999, PCA did not have any significant operations.
The April 12, 1999 acquisition was accounted for using historical values for the contributed assets. Purchase accounting was not applied because, under the applicable accounting guidance, a change of control was deemed not to have occurred as a result of the participating veto rights held by Pactiv after the closing of the transactions under the terms of the stockholders agreement entered into in connection with the transactions.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004
The historical results of operations of PCA for the years ended December, 31 2005 and 2004 are set forth the below:
Net Sales
Net sales increased by $103.6 million, or 5.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2005 from the year ended December 31, 2004. Net sales increased primarily due to increased sales prices and volumes of corrugated products compared to 2004.
Total corrugated products volume sold increased 4.2% to 31.2 billion square feet in 2005 compared to 29.9 billion square feet in 2004. On a comparable shipment-per-workday basis, corrugated products sales volume increased 4.6% in 2005 from 2004. Excluding PCA’s acquisition of Midland Container in April 2005, corrugated products volume was 3.0% higher in 2005 than 2004 and up 3.4% compared to 2004 on a shipment-per-workday basis. Shipments-per-workday is calculated by dividing our total corrugated products volume during the year by the number of workdays within the year. The larger percentage increase was due to the fact that 2005 had one less workday (250 days), those days not falling on a weekend or holiday, than 2004 (251 days). Containerboard sales volume to external domestic and export customers decreased 12.2% to 417,000 tons for the year ended December 31, 2005 from 475,000 tons in 2004.
Income Before Interest and Taxes
Income before interest and taxes decreased by $24.4 million, or 17.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to 2004. Included in income before interest and taxes for the year ended December 31, 2004 is income of $27.8 million, net of expenses, attributable to a dividend paid to PCA by Southern Timber Venture, LLC (STV), the timberlands joint venture in which PCA owns a 311¤3% ownership interest. Additionally in 2004, STV purchased a portion of the Company’s interest in STV which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $2.0 million. Included in income before interest and taxes for the year ended December 31, 2005 is income of $14.0 million, net of expenses, due to two additional dividends paid to PCA by STV.
Excluding the dividends from STV and the equity sale described previously, operating income decreased $8.6 million in 2005 compared to 2004. The $8.6 million decrease in income before interest and taxes was primarily attributable to increased costs related to transportation ($21.1 million), energy, primarily purchased fuels and electricity ($20.5 million), wood fiber ($10.4 million), annual wage increases for hourly and salaried personnel ($13.8 million), medical, pension and other benefit costs ($7.5 million), other corrugated converting costs, primarily materials and supplies ($4.9 million) and mill chemicals ($3.9 million). Those cost items were largely offset by increased sales prices and volume ($74.6 million).
Gross profit increased $9.1 million, or 3.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2005 from the year ended December 31, 2004. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales declined from 15.8% of net sales in 2004 to 15.4% of net sales in the current year primarily due to the cost increases described above which was almost entirely offset by improved sales pricing and volume.
Selling and administrative expenses increased $10.3 million, or 7.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2005 from the comparable period in 2004. The increase was primarily the result of increased salary and incentive compensation expense ($7.1 million) and related fringe benefits ($1.7 million), and higher warehousing costs due to customer requirements ($1.7 million).
Corporate overhead for the year ended December 31, 2005, increased by $2.9 million, or 6.4%, from the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to higher professional fees primarily related to investor relations, legal and human resource matters ($1.4 million) and increased salaries ($1.1 million) .
Other expense, net, increased $4.5 million, or 73.5% for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily due to a $3.3 million increase in expenses related to the disposals of property, plant and equipment as part of planned disposals in connection with capital projects, and a portion of a corrugated products manufacturing plant’s closure costs ($1.4 million) which were recorded in other expense, net.
Interest Expense, Net and Income Taxes
Interest expense, net of interest income, decreased by $1.5 million, or 5.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2005 from 2004 primarily as a result of an increase in interest income earned on the Company’s cash equivalents, partially offset by higher interest expense on the Company’s variable rate debt due to higher interest rates.
PCA’s effective tax rate was 40.2% for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 38.0% for the year ended December 31, 2004. The higher tax rate in 2005 is due to an increase in tax accruals recorded for prior years. For both years 2005 and 2004, tax rates are higher than the federal statutory rate of 35.0% due to state income taxes.
Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2003
The historical results of operations of PCA for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 are set forth below:
Net Sales
Net sales increased by $154.6 million, or 8.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2004 from the year ended December 31, 2003. Net sales increased due to improved sales volumes and prices of corrugated products and containerboard compared to 2003.
Total corrugated products volume sold increased 6.6% to 29.9 billion square feet in 2004 compared to 28.1 billion square feet in 2003. On a comparable shipment-per-workday basis, corrugated products sales volume increased 7.0% in 2004 from 2003. Excluding PCA’s acquisition of Acorn in February 2004, corrugated products volume was 5.3% higher in 2004 than 2003 and up 5.8% compared to 2003 on a shipment-per-workday basis. Shipments-per-workday is calculated by dividing our total corrugated products volume during the year by the number of workdays within the year. The larger percentage increase was due to the fact that 2004 had one less workday (251 days), those days not falling on a weekend or holiday, than 2003 (252 days). Containerboard sales volume to external domestic and export customers increased 6.8% to 475,000 tons for the year ended December 31, 2004 from 445,000 tons in 2003.
Income Before Interest and Taxes
Income before interest and taxes increased by $43.6 million, or 45.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to 2003. Included in income before interest and taxes for the year ended December 31, 2004 is income of $27.8 million, net of expenses, attributable to a dividend paid to PCA by STV, the timberlands joint venture in which PCA owns a 311¤3% ownership interest. Included in income before interest and taxes for the year ended December 31, 2003 is a $3.3 million charge for fees and expenses related to the Company’s debt refinancing which was completed in July 2003, and a fourth quarter charge of $16.0 million to settle certain benefits related matters with Pactiv Corporation dating back to April 12, 1999 when PCA became a stand-alone company, as described below.
During the fourth quarter of 2003, Pactiv notified PCA that we owed Pactiv additional amounts for hourly pension benefits and workers’ compensation liabilities dating back to April 12, 1999. A settlement of $16.0 million was negotiated between Pactiv and PCA in December 2003. The full amount of the settlement was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2003.
Excluding these special items, operating income decreased $3.4 million in 2004 compared to 2003. The $3.4 million decrease in income before interest and taxes was primarily attributable to increased energy and transportation costs ($19.2 million), higher recycled and wood fiber costs ($16.7 million), increased salary expenses related to annual increases and new hires ($5.7 million), and increased contractual hourly labor costs ($5.6 million), which was partially offset by increased sales volume and sales prices ($44.3 million).
Gross profit decreased $0.2 million, or 0.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2004 from the year ended December 31, 2003. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales declined from 17.2% of net sales in 2003 to 15.8% of net sales in the current year primarily due to the cost increases described above.
Selling and administrative expenses increased $8.6 million, or 6.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2004 from the comparable period in 2003. The increase was primarily the result of increased salary and incentive compensation expense ($4.2 million) and related fringe benefits ($1.0 million), higher warehousing costs due to customer requirements ($1.1 million), increased travel, entertainment and promotional expenses ($0.9 million), increased broker commissions ($0.6 million) and higher recruiting, relocation and training costs ($0.6 million).
Corporate overhead for the year ended December 31, 2004, decreased by $1.6 million, or 3.5%, from the year ended December 31, 2003. The decrease was primarily attributable to the fees and expenses related to the debt refinancing ($3.3 million) incurred in 2003, partially offset by increased salaries ($0.8 million) and higher professional fees primarily related to audits of internal controls ($0.7 million).
Other expense, net, decreased $6.2 million, or 50.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to the year ended December 31, 2003. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in charges on disposal and transfer costs of fixed assets and facility closure costs of $3.3 million, reduced legal charges of $1.5 million, and a reduction in expenses of $1.4 million consisting of individually insignificant items.
Interest Expense, Net and Income Taxes
Interest expense, net of interest income, decreased in 2004 by $92.2 million, or 75.7%, from 2003. This decrease included $73.3 million of expenses related to the Company’s debt refinancing in July 2003. The $73.3 million of expenses consisted of $55.9 million paid in premiums for the tender of the 95¤8% senior subordinated notes, and a $17.4 million non-cash charge for the write-off of deferred financing fees related to the 95¤8% notes and PCA’s original revolving credit facility. Excluding the $73.3 million charge, interest expense in 2004 was $18.9 million lower than in 2003 as a result of lower interest rates attributable to the Company’s July 2003 refinancing and lower debt levels.
PCA’s effective tax rate was 38.0% for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 42.3% for the year ended December 31, 2003. The higher tax rate in 2003 is due to stable permanent items over a lower level of book income (loss). For both years 2004 and 2003, tax rates are higher than the federal statutory rate of 35.0% due to state income taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $27.4 million, or 12.7%, to $242.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily the result of lower requirements for operating assets and liabilities of $50.5 million, partially offset by lower deferred taxes of $25.5 million. The decrease in deferred taxes was due primarily to the elimination of bonus depreciation which resulted in substantially lower tax depreciation in 2005 than in 2004, partially offset by the use of a Federal net operating loss carry forward. During 2005, PCA’s cash taxes paid for both Federal and state income taxes were $10.1 million, or 11.5% of book income before income taxes of $88.0 million, compared to PCA’s effective tax rate of 40.2% in 2005. The lower cash tax rate compared to the effective tax rate was primarily the result of reducing current year taxable income by $68.6 million through available Federal net operating loss carry forwards. As of December 31, 2005, all Federal net operating loss carry forwards have been used. Without the Federal net operating loss carry forwards, PCA would have owed an additional $24.0 million in Federal tax cash payments in 2005. The Company expects the 2006 cash tax rate for both Federal and state income tax payments to be between 32.0% and 35.0%.
The lower requirements for operating assets and liabilities in 2005 were driven by a $13.0 million payment to Pactiv in January 2004 for a fourth quarter 2003 negotiated settlement of pension benefits and workers’ compensation liabilities dating back to April 12, 1999, the date Tenneco Packaging (now Pactiv) sold us to PCA Holdings LLC. Additionally, PCA paid Pactiv $10.0 million in April 2004 as final payment for PCA’s participation in Pactiv’s salaried pension plan. The lower requirements in 2005 were also driven by favorable changes in accounts receivable ($33.7 million) in 2005 primarily due to lower selling prices in both corrugated products and containerboard at the end of 2005 compared to the end of 2004.
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $28.4 million, or 11.6%, to $215.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, compared to the comparable period in 2003. The decrease was the result of higher requirements for operating assets and liabilities of $51.4 million, partially offset by higher net income and increased deferred taxes as a result of the higher income levels in 2004. The higher requirements for operating assets and liabilities were driven by the $13.0 million payment to Pactiv in January 2004, as previously described, that was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2003, and the $10.0 million payment to Pactiv for participation in their salaried pension plan in April 2004, as previously described, of which $7.5 million was accrued at December 31, 2003. The higher requirements in 2004 were also driven by unfavorable changes in accounts payable ($13.1 million), prepaid expenses and other current assets ($12.1 million) primarily due to a Federal income tax refund received in 2003, as well as higher levels of accounts receivable ($11.1 million) in 2004 primarily due to improved sales volumes and pricing previously described.
Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities increased by $44.7 million, or 38.2%, to $161.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily related to an increase in additions to property, plant and equipment of $16.7 million in 2005 compared to the same period in 2004, lower joint venture dividends received from STV of $14.3 million in 2005 compared to 2004, higher cost of acquisitions of $10.3 million in 2005 and lower proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment and investments of $3.1 million received in 2005. See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information regarding acquisitions.
Net cash used for investing activities was unchanged for the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to the year ended December 31, 2003. Expenditures for property, plant and equipment were lower by $4.6 million in 2004 compared to 2003, joint venture dividends received from STV were higher by $28.1 million
in 2004 compared to 2003, and proceeds received from the 2004 sale of a small portion of PCA’s investment in STV were offset by higher acquisitions in 2004 of $34.6 million.
As of December 31, 2005, PCA had commitments for capital expenditures of $33.1 million. PCA believes operating cash flow from continuing operations will be sufficient to fund these commitments.
Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities totaled $181.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, an increase of $124.7 million, or 217.9%, from the comparable period in 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to the repurchase of 4,500,000 shares of PCA common stock from PCA Holdings LLC for a total of $93.1 million in December 2005, and $33.1 million in additional dividends paid on PCA’s common stock during 2005 compared to the same period in 2004.
Net cash used for financing activities decreased $29.0 million, or 33.6%, to $57.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to the year ended December 31, 2003. The decrease was primarily attributable to $4.0 million in debt prepayments in 2004 compared to $94.1 million in debt prepayments made during the comparable period in 2003 and stock repurchases of $17.5 million made in 2003. This was partially offset by dividend payments on PCA’s common stock of $63.7 million in 2004 and the $13.8 million in proceeds that PCA netted from the debt refinancing in 2003 described below.
In connection with the debt refinancing in July 2003, PCA received proceeds, net of discount, of $596.0 million from its notes offering and new senior credit facility and $27.0 million from settlement of the Treasury lock, which it used to complete the tender offer of its 95¤8% senior subordinated notes in the amount of $602.3 million, including the premium. PCA also incurred financing costs in the amount of $6.9 million in connection with the debt refinancing.
PCA holds a 311¤3% equity ownership interest in STV. In 2005, 2004 and 2003, PCA received dividends from STV of $15.0 million ($8.5 million net of taxes and expenses), $29.3 million ($16.9 million net of taxes and expenses) and $1.2 million ($0.7 million after-tax), respectively.
On November 29, 2000, PCA established an on-balance sheet securitization program for its trade accounts receivable. To effectuate this program, PCA formed a wholly-owned limited purpose subsidiary, Packaging Credit Company, LLC, or PCC, which in turn formed a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, special-purpose subsidiary, Packaging Receivables Company, LLC, or PRC, for the purpose of acquiring receivables from PCC. Both of these entities are included in the consolidated financial statements of PCA. Under this program, PCC purchases on an ongoing basis substantially all of the receivables of PCA and sells such receivables to PRC. PRC and lenders established a $150.0 million receivables-backed revolving credit facility through which PRC obtains funds to purchase receivables from PCC. The receivables purchased by PRC are and will be solely the property of PRC. In the event of a liquidation of PRC, the creditors of PRC would be entitled to satisfy their claims from PRC’s assets prior to any distribution to PCC or PCA. Credit available under the receivables credit facility is on a borrowing-base formula. As a result, the full amount of the facility may not be available at all times. On October 31, 2003, PCA renewed the receivables credit facility for an additional three-year term, expiring on October 10, 2006. As of December 31, 2005, $109.0 million was outstanding and $41.0 million was available for additional borrowing under the receivables credit facility. The highest outstanding principal balance under the receivables credit facility during fiscal 2005 was $109.0 million.
On July 7, 2003, PCA repaid all borrowings under its then-existing senior credit facility. This facility was replaced with a senior unsecured credit facility that provides for a $100.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $35.0 million subfacility for letters of credit, and a $50.0 million term loan. The senior credit facility closed on July 21, 2003, and it expires in 2008. PCA’s total borrowings under the senior credit facility as of December 31, 2005 consisted of $39.0 million of term loans.
On July 21, 2003, PCA closed its offering and private placement of $150.0 million of 43¤8% five-year notes and $400.0 million of 53¤4% ten-year notes. On July 22, 2003, PCA used the net proceeds from the offering, together with the borrowings under the senior credit facility and cash on hand, to purchase $546.4 million, or 99.3%, of its then outstanding 95¤8% senior subordinated notes. As a result of these transactions, PCA recorded a one-time charge of approximately $76.6 million ($46.7 million after-tax) in the third quarter of 2003. The $76.6 million charge includes the tender offer premium of $55.9 million and a $17.4 million non-cash charge for the write-off of deferred financing fees due to the early extinguishment of debt, which are included in interest expense, and fees and expenses of $3.3 million, which are included in corporate overhead. As required by their terms, the $150.0 million of 43¤8% five-year notes and $400.0 million of 53¤4% ten-year notes were exchanged for publicly registered securities in the same amounts in a registered exchange offer completed in December 2003. The remaining senior subordinated notes were repurchased on April 1, 2004.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2005 that would require disclosure under SEC FR-67, “Disclosure in Management’s Discussion and Analysis About Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations.”
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes PCA’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2005:
The above table excludes unamortized debt discount of $2.9 million at December 31, 2005 and interest payments on debt outstanding. PCA currently does not have any projections for future pension contributions beyond 2010.
The lease commitments, purchase commitments and letters of credit are not reflected on PCA’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2005. See Notes 7 and 10 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
PCA’s primary sources of liquidity are net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under PCA’s revolving credit facility, and additional borrowings under PCA’s receivables credit facility. As of December 31, 2005, PCA had $121.6 million in unused borrowing capacity under its existing credit agreements due to the impact on this borrowing capacity of $19.4 million of outstanding letters of credit.
PCA’s primary uses of cash are for capital expenditures, debt service and declared common stock dividends, which it expects to be able to fund from these sources.
The following table provides the outstanding balances and the weighted average interest rates as of December 31, 2005 for PCA’s outstanding term loan, the revolving credit facility, the receivables credit facility and the five- and ten-year senior notes:
The above table excludes unamortized debt discount of $2.9 million at December 31, 2005. It also excludes from the projected annual cash interest payments, the non-cash income from the annual amortization of the $27.0 million received in July 2003 from the settlement of the Treasury locks related to the five- and ten- year notes. The amortization is being recognized over the terms of the five- and ten-year notes and is included in interest expense, net.
The revolving credit facility is available to fund PCA’s working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. The term loan must be repaid in annual installments from July 2006 through 2008. The revolving credit facility will terminate in July 2008. The receivables credit facility will terminate in October 2006.
The instruments governing PCA’s indebtedness contain financial and other covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of PCA and its subsidiaries to:
· enter into sale and leaseback transactions,
· incur liens,
· enter into certain transactions with affiliates, or
· merge or consolidate with any other person or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of PCA.
These limitations could limit corporate and operating activities.
In addition, we must maintain minimum net worth, maximum leverage and minimum EBITDA to interest ratios under the senior credit facility. A failure to comply with the restrictions contained in the senior credit facility could lead to an event of default, which could result in an acceleration of such indebtedness. Such an acceleration would also constitute an event of default under the notes indentures and the receivables credit facility.
PCA currently expects to incur capital expenditures of $95.0 million to $105.0 million in 2006. These capital expenditures will be used primarily for maintenance capital, cost reduction, business growth, and environmental compliance.
PCA believes that its net cash generated from operating activities, available cash reserves and, as required, borrowings under its committed credit facilities will be adequate to meet its current and future liquidity and capital requirements, including payments of any declared common stock dividends. As its debt or credit facilities become due, PCA will need to repay, extend or replace such facilities, which will be subject to future economic conditions and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond PCA’s control.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to, and must comply with, a variety of federal, state and local environmental laws, particularly those relating to air and water quality, waste disposal and the cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater. The most significant of these laws affecting us are:
· Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
· Clean Water Act (CWA)
· Clean Air Act (CAA)
· The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know-Act (EPCRA)
· Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
· Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
We believe that we are currently in material compliance with these and all applicable environmental rules and regulations. Because environmental regulations are constantly evolving, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs to maintain compliance with these and other environmental laws. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we spent approximately $15.8 million to comply with the requirements of these and other environmental laws. For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, the costs of environmental compliance were approximately $15.1 million and $12.4 million, respectively.
In addition, the EPA finalized the Cluster Rules which govern pulp and paper mill operations, including those at the Counce, Filer City, Valdosta and Tomahawk mills. The Cluster Rules affect our allowable discharges of air and water pollutants, and require us to spend money to ensure compliance with those new rules.
As is the case with any industrial operation, we have, in the past, incurred costs associated with the remediation of soil or groundwater contamination, as required by the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known as the federal “Superfund” law, and analogous state laws. Cleanup requirements arise with respect to properties we currently own or operate, former facilities and off-site facilities where we have disposed of hazardous substances. Under the terms of the contribution agreement, Pactiv has agreed to retain all liability for all former facilities and all sites associated with pre-closing off-site waste disposal. Pactiv has also retained environmentally impaired real property in Filer City, Michigan unrelated to current mill operations.
Because liability for remediation costs under environmental laws is strict, meaning that liability is imposed without fault, joint and several, meaning that liability is imposed on each party without regard to contribution, and retroactive, we could receive notifications of cleanup liability in the future and this liability could be material. From 1994 through 2005, remediation costs at our mills and corrugated plants totaled approximately $3.2 million. As of December 31, 2005, we maintained an environmental reserve of $5.5 million relating to onsite landfills and surface impoundments as well as on-going and anticipated remedial projects. Total capital costs for environmental matters, including Cluster Rule compliance, were $12.9 million for 2005 and we currently estimate 2006 environmental capital expenditures will be $5.5 million, of which $1.9 million of the expenditures are to meet Cluster Rule requirements. As of this
filing, we believe that it is not reasonably possible that future environmental expenditures above the $5.5 million accrued as of December 31, 2005, will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Impact of Inflation
PCA does not believe that inflation has had a material impact on its financial position or results of operations during the past three years.
Critical Accounting Policies
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, pensions and other post-retirement benefits, income taxes, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. For a further discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Accounts Receivable-Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Customer Deductions
We evaluate the collectibility of our accounts receivable based upon a combination of factors. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g., bankruptcy filings, substantial downgrading of credit sources), we record a specific reserve for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the net recorded receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. For all other customers, we recognize reserves for bad debts consisting of 0.3% for amounts less than 90 days past due their contractual terms and 30% for amounts more than 90 days past due their contractual terms based on our historical collection experience. If our collection experience deteriorates (i.e., higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to us), our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due us could be reduced by a material amount.
The customer deductions reserve represents the estimated amount required for customer returns, allowances and earned discounts. Based on our experience, customer returns, allowances and earned discounts have averaged 1.0% of our gross selling price. Accordingly, we reserve 1.0% of our open customer accounts receivable balance for these items.
As of December 31, 2005, the balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts and customer deductions reserve was $5.4 million, compared to $4.6 million at December 31, 2004. Bad debt expense in 2005 was $2.6 million, compared to $0.4 million in 2004. The $2.2 million increase was primarily attributable to increased expense of $1.2 million related to accounts receivable amounts that were deemed uncollectable and an increase of $0.7 million recorded in connection with specific customers that were reserved for at the 90% level of their accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2005. For the year ended December 31,
2004, bad debt expense was $0.4 million compared to $1.8 million in 2003. The decrease of $1.4 million was primarily attributable to a reduction of $0.8 million related to specific customers that were reserved for at 90% of their outstanding accounts receivable balances and a reduction of $0.3 million in expense due to accounts receivable that were deemed uncollectable in 2004 compared to 2003.
Inventories
We record our inventories at the lower of cost or market. The estimated market value is based on assumptions for future demand and related pricing. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, reductions in the carrying value of inventory may be required. Raw materials, work in process and finished goods valued using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost method comprised 66% of inventories at current cost at both December 31, 2005 and 2004. Supplies and materials inventories are valued using a moving average cost.
Pension and Postretirement Benefits
The Company accounts for defined benefit pension plans in accordance with SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions” and postretirement benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions.”
One of the principal assumptions used to calculate net periodic pension cost is the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets may result in recognized returns that are greater or less than the actual returns on those plan assets in any given year. Over time, however, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is designed to approximate the actual long term returns.
The discount rate assumptions used to account for pension and postretirement benefit plans reflect the rates available on high-quality, fixed-income debt instruments on December 31 of each year. The rate of compensation increase is another significant assumption used for pension accounting and is determined by the Company based upon annual reviews.
For postretirement health care plan accounting, our Company reviews external data and our own historical trends for health care costs to determine the health care cost trend rate assumption.
Environmental Liabilities
PCA accounts for its retirement obligations related to its landfills under SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” which requires legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets to be recognized at their fair value at the time that the obligations are incurred. Upon initial recognition of a liability, that cost is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and amortized to expense over the useful life of the asset.
The potential costs for various environmental matters are uncertain due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible cleanup costs, the complexity and evolving nature of governmental laws and regulations and their interpretations, and the timing, varying costs and effectiveness of alternative cleanup technologies. Liabilities recorded for environmental contingencies are estimates of the probable costs based upon available information and assumptions. Because of these uncertainties, however, our estimates may change. We believe that any additional costs identified as further information becomes available would not have a material effect on our financial statements.
In connection with the sale to PCA of the containerboard and corrugated products business of Pactiv Corporation in April 1999, Pactiv agreed to retain all liability for all former facilities and all sites associated with offsite waste disposal prior to April 12, 1999. Pactiv also retained the environmental liability for a closed landfill located near the Filer City mill.
Revenue Recognition
PCA recognizes revenue as title to the products is transferred to customers. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. Shipping and handling billings to a customer are included in net sales. In addition, PCA offers volume rebates to certain of its customers. The total cost of these programs is estimated and accrued as a reduction to net sales at the time of the respective sale.
Impairment of Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying amount of its goodwill to determine if a write-down to fair value is necessary.
Long-lived assets other than goodwill are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any long-lived asset may not be fully recoverable. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability would be performed. If an evaluation were required, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset (or group of assets) would be compared to the asset’s (or group of assets’) carrying amount to determine if a write-down to fair value is required.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has one stock-based employee compensation plan. The Company’s stock-based employee compensation plan is accounted for under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,’’ and related interpretations. Because the number of shares is fixed and the exercise price of the stock options equals the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant, no cost is reflected in net income for stock options granted under the plan. The Company amortizes restricted stock awards to net earnings over the vesting period based on the fair value of the stock at the date of grant. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provide supplemental information, including pro forma income and earnings per share, as if the Company had accounted for options based on the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.’’ The estimate of fair value requires a number of assumptions, including estimated option life and future volatility of the underlying stock price. Changes in these assumptions could significantly impact the estimated fair value of the stock options.
Income Taxes
The Company’s annual tax rate is determined based on income, statutory tax rates and the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires some items to be included in the tax return at different times than the items reflected in the financial statements. As a result, the annual tax rate in the financial statements is different than the rate reported on the Company’s tax return. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in the tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Inherent in determining the annual tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Significant management judgments are required for the following items:
· Management reviews the Company’s deferred tax assets for realizability. Valuation allowances are established when management believes that it is more likely than not that some portion of
the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the tax provision.
· The Company establishes accruals for certain tax contingencies when, despite the belief that the Company’s tax return positions are fully supported, the Company believes that certain positions may be challenged. The tax contingency accruals are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, the expiration of the statute of limitations for the relevant taxing authority to examine a tax return, case law and emerging legislation. While it is difficult to predict the final outcome or timing of resolution for any particular tax matter, the Company believes that the accruals reflect the likely outcome of known tax contingencies.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. QUANTITIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
PCA is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and changes in the market value of its financial instruments. PCA periodically enters into derivatives in order to minimize these risks, but not for trading purposes. As of December 31, 2005, PCA was not party to any derivative instruments.
As the interest rates on approximately 79% of PCA’s debt are fixed, a one percent increase in interest rates related to variable rate debt would have resulted in an increase in interest expense and a corresponding decrease in income before taxes of $1.5 million annually for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the weighted average LIBOR was 4.53% and 2.56%, respectively, and the weighted average commercial paper rate was 4.32% and 2.33%, respectively. In the event of a change in interest rates, management could take actions to mitigate its exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no changes in PCA’s financial structure.
Item 8.
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The response to this item is included in a separate section of this report on page.
Item 9.
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
There were no changes in or disagreements with PCA’s accountants during 2005 or 2004.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Controls and Procedures
PCA’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of PCA’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of December 31, 2005. The evaluation of PCA’s disclosure controls and procedures included a review of the controls’ objectives and design, PCA’s implementation of the controls and the effect of the controls on the information generated for use in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Based upon their evaluation as of December 31, 2005, PCA’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that PCA’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that material information relating to PCA is made known to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, particularly during the periods when PCA’s periodic reports are being prepared.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2005, there were no changes in internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, PCA’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
PCA’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only with proper authorizations; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, PCA’s internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
PCA’s management, under the supervision of and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on criteria for effective control over financial reporting described in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission. Based on this assessment, PCA’s management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2005, based on the specified criteria.
Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein at page.
Item 9B.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information regarding the Company’s executive officers is included in Item 4 of Part I of this report. Information with respect to PCA’s directors is included under the caption “Board of Directors” in PCA’s Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding certain Section 16(a) compliance is included under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in PCA’s Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about our code of ethics policies is included under the caption “Board of Directors-Code of Ethics” in PCA’s Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about PCA’s Audit Committee and financial experts is included under the captions “Board of Directors-Audit Committee” and “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditors” in PCA’s Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information with respect to executive compensation is included under the caption “Executive Compensation” in PCA’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference, other than the Report of the Compensation Committee and the Performance Graph.
Item 12.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is included under the caption “Information Regarding Beneficial Ownership of our Principal Shareholders, Directors and Management” in PCA’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included under the caption “Executive Compensation-Compensation of Executive Officers-Authorization of Securities under Equity Compensation Plans” in PCA’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information with respect to certain relationships and related transactions is included under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in PCA’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information with respect to fees and services of the principal accountant is included under the caption “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditors-Fees to Independent Auditors” in PCA’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:
(1) The financial statements listed in the “Index to Financial Statements.”
The financial statements of Southern Timber Venture for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 are required by Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X and are included herein.
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
The following consolidated financial statement schedule of PCA for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 is included in this report.
Schedule II-Packaging Corporation of America-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.
* Consists primarily of write-offs net of recoveries of bad debts.
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable or not material, or the information called for thereby is otherwise included in the financial statements and therefore has been omitted.
(b) Exhibits
10.2
Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2000, among Packaging Receivables Company, LLC (“PRC”), Packaging Credit Company, LLC (“PCC”), Blue Ridge Asset Funding Corporation (“Blue Ridge”), and Wachovia Bank, N.A. (“Wachovia”). (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to PCA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.)
10.3
Receivables Sale Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2000, between PCC and PCA. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to PCA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.)
10.4
Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2000, between PCC and PRC. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to PCA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.)
10.5
Amendment No. 1 to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2001, among PRC, PCC, Blue Ridge and Wachovia. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to PCA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2003.)
10.6
Second Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2003, among PRC, PCC, Blue Ridge and Wachovia. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to PCA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2003.)
10.7
Third Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2003, among PRC, PCC, Blue Ridge and Wachovia. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to PCA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2003.)
10.8
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 12, 1999, by and among Pactiv, PCA Holdings and PCA.(1)
10.9
Holding Company Support Agreement, dated as of April 12, 1999, by and between PCA Holdings and PCA.(1)
10.10
Fourth Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2003, among PRC, PCC, Blue Ridge and Wachovia. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to PCA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2003.)
10.11
Human Resources Agreement, dated as of April 12, 1999, by and among Tenneco Automotive Inc. (formerly known as Tenneco Inc.), Pactiv and PCA.(1)
10.12
Fifth Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of October 8, 2004, among PRC PCC, Blue Ridge and Wachovia. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to PCA’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2004.)
10.13
Intentionally omitted.
10.14
Intentionally omitted.
10.15
Intentionally omitted.
10.16
Letter Agreement Regarding Terms of Employment, dated as of January 25, 1999, between PCA and Paul T. Stecko.*(1)
10.17
Letter Agreement Regarding Terms of Employment, dated as of May 19, 1999, between PCA and Paul T. Stecko.*(1)
10.18
1999 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan, effective as of October 19, 1999.* (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to PCA’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-86963.)
10.19
Management Equity Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1999, among PCA, Paul T. Stecko and the Paul T. Stecko 1999 Dynastic Trust.*(1)
10.20
Form of Management Equity Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1999, among PCA and the members of management party thereto.*(1)
10.21
1999 Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, effective April 12, 1999.* (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to PCA’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, Registration No. 333-109437.)
10.22
Amended and Restated 1999 Management Equity Compensation Plan, effective as of June 2, 1999.*(1)
10.23
Common Stock Repurchase Agreement, dated December 21, 2005, between PCA and PCA Holdings, LLC. (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to PCA’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 23, 2005.)
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
23.2
Consent of Grantham, Poole, Randall, Reitano, Arrington & Cunningham, PLLC.
24.1
Powers of Attorney.
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(1) Incorporated herein by reference to the same numbered exhibit to PCA’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-79511).
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 21, 2006.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 21, 2006.
*By:
/s/ RICHARD B. WEST
Richard B. West
(Attorney-In-Fact)
Packaging Corporation of America Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
Report of independent registered public accounting firm
Report of independent registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reporting
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2004
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
Consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
Notes to consolidated financial statements
Southern Timber Venture, LLC Audited Financial Statements as of December 31, 2004 and 2003
Independent auditors’ report
Balance sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2003
Statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
Statement of members’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
Statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
Notes to financial statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Packaging Corporation of America
Board of Directors and Shareholders
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Packaging Corporation of America (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Packaging Corporation of America at December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Packaging Corporation of America’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 10, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Chicago, Illinois
Ernst & Young LLP
February 10,
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Packaging Corporation of America
Board of Directors and Shareholders
We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that Packaging Corporation of America maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Packaging Corporation of America’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, management’s assessment that Packaging Corporation of America maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Also, in our opinion, Packaging Corporation of America maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Packaging Corporation of America as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, and our report dated February 10, 2006, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 10, 2006
Packaging Corporation of America
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2005 and 2004
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Packaging Corporation of America
Consolidated Statements of Operations
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Packaging Corporation of America
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the Period January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2005
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Packaging Corporation of America
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2005
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS
Packaging Corporation of America (“PCA” or the “Company”) was incorporated on January 25, 1999. On April 12, 1999, PCA acquired the containerboard and corrugated packaging products business of Pactiv Corporation (“Pactiv’’), formerly known as Tenneco Packaging Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Tenneco Inc. PCA had no operations from the date of incorporation on January 25, 1999 to April 11, 1999.
The Company is comprised of mills and corrugated manufacturing operations. The mill operations (the “Mills”) consist of two kraft linerboard mills located in Counce, Tennessee, and Valdosta, Georgia, and two medium mills located in Filer City, Michigan, and Tomahawk, Wisconsin. The Company leases the cutting rights to approximately 108,000 acres of timberland as of December 31, 2005. The Mills transfer the majority of their containerboard produced to PCA’s corrugated products operations plants.
PCA’s corrugated manufacturing operations consist of 68 plants, with 40 operating as combining operations, or corrugated plants, and 28 as sheet plants; a technical and development center; five graphic design centers; a rotogravure printing operation and a complement of packaging supplies and distribution centers. All plants are located in the continental United States. Corrugated plants combine linerboard and medium into sheets that are converted into corrugated shipping containers, point-of-sale graphics packaging, point-of-purchase displays and other specialized packaging. Sheet plants purchase sheets primarily from PCA corrugated products plants to use in the finished corrugated products converting process. The corrugated products manufacturing plants sell to diverse customers primarily in North America.
As of December 31, 2005, we had approximately 8,300 employees. Approximately 2,300 of these employees were salaried and approximately 6,000 were hourly. Approximately 75% of our hourly employees are represented by unions. Our unionized employees are represented primarily by the United Steel Workers (USW), the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), and the International Association of Machinists (IAM).
Contracts for unionized employees at our containerboard mills expire between May 2006 and October 2009. Contracts for unionized corrugated plant employees expire between February 2006 and December 2011. We are currently in negotiations to renew or extend any union contracts that are expiring in the near future.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of PCA include all majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company has one joint venture that is accounted for under the equity method.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid investments with a maturity, when acquired, of three months or less. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market.
Accounts Receivable
The collectibility of our accounts receivable is based upon a combination of factors. In circumstances where a specific customer is unable to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g., bankruptcy filings, substantial downgrading of credit sources), a specific reserve for bad debts is recorded against amounts due to reduce the net recorded receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. For all other customers, reserves for bad debts are recognized consisting of 0.3% for amounts less than 90 days past due their contractual terms and 30% for amounts more than 90 days past due their contractual terms based on historical collection experience. If collection experience deteriorates (i.e., higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to us), the estimate of the recoverability of amounts due could be reduced by a material amount.
The customer deductions reserve represents the estimated amount required for customer returns, allowances and earned discounts. Based on our experience, customer returns, allowances and earned discounts have averaged 1.0% of our gross selling price. Accordingly, we reserve 1.0% of our open customer accounts receivable balance for these items.
At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $3.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Also included in the accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2005 and 2004, were reserves for customer deductions of $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
Inventories
With the exception of inventories at Acorn Corrugated Box Co. (“Acorn’’) raw materials, work in process and finished goods are valued using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost method. Inventories at Acorn are valued at the first-in, first-out (“FIFO’’) cost method. Supplies and materials are valued using a moving average cost. All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Inventories valued using the LIFO method comprised 66%, or $153.6 million and $141.8 million of the total inventory before the LIFO reserve of $232.1 million and $214.6 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively
The components of inventories are as follows:
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, and consist of the following:
The amount of interest capitalized related to construction in progress was $0.8 million, $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Assets under capital leases are depreciated on the straight-line method over the term of the lease. The following lives are used for the various categories of assets:
The amount of depreciation expense was $151.7 million, $151.3 million and $146.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company has capitalized certain intangible assets, primarily customer lists and relationships, covenants not to compete, and goodwill, based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. Amortization is provided for customer lists and relationships on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from six to 40 years. Covenants not to compete are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective agreements. Goodwill, which amounted to $34.2 million and $3.7 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, is not being amortized but is subject to annual impairment tests in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The Company performs the impairment tests in the fourth quarter or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, the implied fair value of the
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying amount of its goodwill to determine if a write-down to fair value is necessary. The Company concluded that no impairment of goodwill existed at the time of the annual impairment tests in 2005, 2004 and 2003.
Other Long-Term Assets
PCA has capitalized certain costs related to obtaining its financing. These costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the terms of the senior credit facility and senior notes, which range from five to ten years. Unamortized deferred financing costs were $3.3 million and $4.0 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
PCA leases the cutting rights to approximately 108,000 acres of timberland and capitalizes the annual lease payments and reforestation costs associated with these leases. These costs are recorded as depletion when timber is harvested and used in PCA’s business operations or sold to customers. Capitalized long-term lease costs were $19.1 million and $19.5 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The amount of depletion expense was $3.3 million, $2.3 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
PCA capitalizes certain costs related to the purchase and development of software which is used in its business operations. The costs attributable to these software systems are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on various factors such as the effects of obsolescence, technology and other economic factors. Net capitalized software costs were $1.4 million and $3.6 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Software amortization expense was $2.4 million, $4.0 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets other than goodwill are reviewed for impairment in accordance with provisions of SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability would be performed. If an evaluation is required, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset (or group of assets) would be compared to the asset’s (or group of assets’) carrying amount to determine if a write-down to fair value is required.
Pension and Postretirement Benefits
One of the principal assumptions used to calculate net periodic pension cost is the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets may result in recognized returns that are greater or less than the actual returns on those plan assets in any given year. Over time, however, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is designed to approximate the actual long term returns.
The discount rate assumptions used to account for pension and postretirement benefit plans reflect the rates available on high-quality, fixed-income debt instruments on December 31st of each year. The rate of compensation increase is another significant assumption used for pension accounting and is determined by the Company based upon annual reviews.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
For postretirement health care plan accounting, the Company reviews external data and our own historical trends for health care costs to determine the health care cost trend rate assumption.
Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company accounts for its retirement obligations related to its landfills under SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” which requires legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets to be recognized at their fair value at the time that the obligations are incurred. Upon initial recognition of a liability, that cost is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and amortized to expense over the useful life of the asset.
Income Taxes
PCA utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes whereby it recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets will be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon management’s estimates, it is more likely than not, that a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in a future period. The estimates utilized in the recognition of deferred tax assets are subject to revision in future periods based on new facts or circumstances.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue as title to the products is transferred to customers. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. Shipping and handling billings to a customer are included in net sales. In addition, the Company offers volume rebates to certain of its customers. The total cost of these programs is estimated and accrued as a reduction to net sales at the time of the respective sale.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The amount charged to expense was $6.8 million, $6.1 million, and $6.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net includes interest income of $5.2 million, $1.4 million, and $1.4 million and amortization of the Treasury lock proceeds received in July 2003 of $3.1 million, $3.1 million and $1.4 in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively.
Industry Agreements
PCA regularly trades containerboard with other manufacturers primarily to reduce shipping costs. Containerboard trade agreements are a long standing industry practice. These agreements are entered into on an annual basis, in which both parties agree to ship an identical number of tons to each other within the agreement period. These agreements minimize transportation cost by allowing each party’s containerboard mills to ship containerboard to the other party’s closest corrugated products plant. We track each shipment to ensure that the other party’s shipments to us match our shipments to them during the agreement period. Such transfers are possible because containerboard is a commodity product with no distinguishing product
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
characteristics. These transactions are accounted for at carrying value, and sales are not recorded as the transactions do not represent the culmination of an earnings process. The transactions are recorded into inventory accounts, and no income is recorded until such inventory is converted to a finished product and sold to an end-use customer.
Segment Information
PCA is engaged in one line of business: the integrated manufacture and sale of packaging materials, boxes and containers for industrial and consumer markets. No single customer accounts for more than 10% of total revenues.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company records its derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” The Statement requires the Company to recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at fair value. It further provides criteria for derivative instruments to be designated as fair value, cash flow or foreign currency hedges and establishes respective accounting standards for reporting changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments. The gains or losses resulting from adjusting the derivative instruments to fair value are recorded in net income or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”), as appropriate.
The Company has historically used derivative instruments to manage interest costs and the risk associated with changing interest rates. The Company’s objectives for holding derivatives are to minimize the risks using the most effective methods to eliminate or reduce the impacts of these exposures. As of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company was not party to any derivative instruments.
On June 12, 2003, PCA entered into two interest rate protection agreements with a counterparty to lock in then current interest rates on 5-year and 10-year U.S. Treasury notes. PCA entered into these agreements to protect it against increases in the five-year U.S. Treasury note rate, which served as a reference in determining the interest rate applicable to the five-year notes due 2008, and the ten-year U.S. Treasury note rate, which served as a reference in determining the interest rate applicable to the ten-year notes due 2013. As a result of increases in the interest rates on the five-year U.S. Treasury notes and ten-year U.S. Treasury notes, PCA received a payment of $27.0 million from the counterparty upon settlement of the agreements, which occurred on July 21, 2003. PCA recorded the settlement in OCI and is amortizing this amount against interest expense over the respective lives of the notes.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Stock-Based Compensation
PCA entered into management equity agreements in June 1999 with 125 management-level employees. These agreements provide for the grant of options to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,576,460 shares of PCA’s common stock at $4.55 per share, the same price per share at which PCA acquired the business from Pactiv Corporation. The agreements called for these options to vest ratably over a five-year period, or, upon completion of an initial public offering, vest fully with contractual restrictions on transfer for a period of up to 18 months following completion of the offering. The options vested with the initial public offering in January 2000, and the restriction period ended in August 2001.
In October 1999, the Company adopted a long-term equity incentive plan, which provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance awards to directors, officers and employees of PCA, as well as others who engage in services for PCA. Option awards granted to officers, employees and directors have contractual lives of seven or ten years. Options granted to officers and employees vest ratably over a three- or four-year period, whereas option awards granted to directors vest immediately. The plan, which will terminate on October 19, 2009, provides for the issuance of up to 4,400,000 shares of common stock. On May 4, 2005, the plan was amended to provide for the issuance of an additional 2,150,000 shares of common stock, or 6,550,000 shares in total. As of December 31, 2005, 4,846,722 shares have been granted. Forfeitures are added back to the pool of shares of common stock to be granted again at a future date.
During 2003, the Company began granting shares of restricted stock to certain of its employees and directors. Restricted share awards granted to employees vest at the end of a three- or four-year period, whereas restricted share awards granted to directors vest at the end of a six-month period. The Company is recognizing compensation expense associated with these shares ratably over their vesting periods. A summary of the Company’s restricted share activity follows:
The number of shares of restricted stock that were vested at December 31, 2005 and 2004 were 12,000 shares and 4,500 shares, respectively. No shares were vested at December 31, 2003.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity, and related information for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 follows:
The following table summarizes information for options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2005:
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
As permitted by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” and amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure,” the Company elected through December 31, 2005 to account for its stock option plan under Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and adopt the disclosure only provisions of SFAS No. 123 and SFAS No. 148. Under APB No. 25, no compensation costs are recognized because the number of options is fixed and the option exercise price is equal to the fair market price of the common stock on the date of the grant. Under SFAS No. 123, stock options are valued at the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model and compensation costs are recognized ratably over the vesting period. Had stock options been accounted for using the fair value method as recommended in SFAS No. 123, compensation expense would have had the following pro forma effect on our net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003.
Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model assumptions and fair value for these options are shown in the following table:
The Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Because the Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB’’) issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections-a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and SFAS No. 3.’’ The pronouncement requires that all voluntary changes in accounting principle be reported by retrospectively applying the principle to all prior periods that are presented in the financial statements. The statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows will only be impacted by SFAS No. 154 if it implements changes in accounting principles that are addressed by the standard or corrects accounting errors in future periods.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions.’’ This statement amends APB Opinion No. 29 to eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. Under SFAS No. 153, if a nonmonetary exchange of similar productive assets meets a commercial-substance criterion and fair value is determinable, the transaction must be accounted for at fair value resulting in recognition of any gain or loss. SFAS No. 153 is effective for nonmonetary transactions in fiscal periods that begin after June 15, 2005. The Company does not anticipate that the implementation of this standard will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which requires that compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements based on fair value. Share-based payment transactions within the scope of SFAS No. 123(R) include stock options, restricted stock awards, performance-based awards, stock appreciation rights, and employee share purchase plans. The provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) are effective as of the first interim period of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company plans to adopt the standard using the modified prospective method on January 1, 2006. The Company currently accounts for its share-based payment transactions under the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, which generally does not require the recognition of compensation cost for employee stock options in the financial statements. Management believes that the current required disclosures in Note 2 under Stock-Based Compensation materially reflect the impact this standard is expected to have on reported net income and earnings per share, if adopted at the beginning of the periods presented. Based upon restricted stock grants and unvested stock options as of December 31, 2005 and on current Black-Scholes-Merton values, the impact of recording compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions is currently expected to be $3.0 million and $0.03 per share for full year 2006.
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, “Inventory Costs’’. The Statement requires abnormal amounts of inventory costs related to amounts of idle freight, handling costs and spoilage be recognized as current period expenses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005 with early application permitted. The Company’s policy has always been to handle inventory costs in a manner consistent with the provisions of this statement.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Reclassification
Prior year’s financial statements have been reclassified where appropriate to conform with current year presentation.
3. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income per common share for the periods presented.
In 2003, if the effect of options and restricted stock had been dilutive, it would have increased dilutive common shares outstanding by 1,701,000 shares.
4. ACCRUED LIABILITIES
The components of accrued liabilities are as follows:
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
5. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
In connection with the acquisition from Pactiv, PCA and Pactiv entered into a human resources agreement which, among other items, granted PCA employees continued participation in the Pactiv pension plan for a period of up to five years following the closing of the acquisition for an agreed upon fee. For salaried employees, PCA paid Pactiv $4.0 million in the first and second years, $6.0 million in the third year, $8.0 million in the fourth year, and $10.0 million in the fifth year following the closing date of the acquisition. For hourly employees, PCA paid Pactiv $1.2 million per year through December 31, 2000 and then $4.5 million per year for two additional years, ending on December 31, 2002. The amounts paid to Pactiv for continued participation in the Pactiv pension plans were stipulated in the original human resources agreement or the extension negotiated for hourly employee participation after December 31, 2000. The fees paid to Pactiv were expensed ratably throughout the year.
Effective January 1, 2003, PCA adopted a mirror-image pension plan for eligible hourly employees to succeed the Pactiv pension plan in which PCA hourly employees had participated though December 31, 2002. The PCA pension plan for hourly employees recognizes service earned under both the PCA plan and the prior Pactiv plan. Benefits earned under the PCA plan are reduced by retirement benefits earned under the Pactiv plan through December 31, 2002. All assets and liabilities associated with benefits earned through December 31, 2002 for hourly employees and retirees of PCA were retained by the Pactiv plan.
Effective May 1, 2004, PCA adopted a grandfathered pension plan for certain salaried employees who had previously participated in the Pactiv pension plan pursuant to the above mentioned human resource agreement. The benefit formula for the new PCA pension plan for salaried employees is comparable to that of the Pactiv plan except that the PCA plan uses career average base pay in the benefit formula in lieu of final average base pay. The PCA pension plan for salaried employees recognizes service earned under both the PCA plan and the prior Pactiv plan. Benefits earned under the PCA plan are reduced by retirement benefits earned under the Pactiv plan through April 30, 2004. All assets and liabilities associated with benefits earned through April 30, 2004 for salaried employees and retirees of PCA were retained by the Pactiv plan.
PCA has a supplemental executive retirement plan for its CEO which will provide a supplemental pension benefit calculated on the basis of the following formula: (annual salary + bonus) x (years of service) x (0.167), where “years of service” equals years of service with PCA + five years. The benefit is payable in a lump sum.
PCA also maintains a supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”), which augments pension benefits for eligible executives (excluding the CEO) earned under the PCA pension plan for salaried employees. Benefits are determined using the same formula as the PCA pension plan but in addition to counting career average base pay, the SERP also recognizes bonuses and any pay earned in excess of IRS qualified plan compensation limits. Benefits earned under the SERP are reduced by benefits paid from the PCA pension plan and any prior qualified pension and SERP benefits earned under the Pactiv plan.
PCA also provides certain medical benefits for retired salaried employees and certain medical and life insurance benefits for certain hourly employees. For salaried employees, the plan covers employees retiring from PCA on or after attaining age 58 who have had at least 10 years of full-time service with PCA after attaining age 48. For hourly employees, the postretirement medical coverage, where applicable, is available according to the eligibility provisions in effect at the employee’s work location. Per the human resources agreement referred to above, Pactiv retained the liability relating to retiree medical and life benefits for PCA employees who had retired on or before April 12, 1999 or who were eligible to retire within two years of that date. On January 1, 2003, the Company adopted a new plan design for salaried employees incorporating annual dollar caps in determining the maximum amount of employer contributions made towards the total cost of postretirement medical coverage.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
5. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)
The following table summarizes activity of the Company’s pension plan and postretirement benefit plans.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
5. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)
No pay-related benefits are provided under the hourly pension plan. PCA uses a September 30 measurement date for all of its benefit plans.
During the year ended December 31, 2005, PCA recorded pension plan expense of $19.1 million and made pension contributions of $17.6 million. PCA currently expects to record pension plan expense of $22.8 million in 2006 and make pension contributions of $22.3 million.
Our funding policy is to contribute to the plans amounts necessary to satisfy the funding requirements of applicable laws and regulations. Pension plans’ assets were invested in the following classes of securities at September 30, 2005 and 2004:
Our investment policy is to invest more heavily in equity securities than debt securities, with a liquidity requirement sufficient to cover at least three months of benefit payment obligations.
The return on plan assets reflects the expected long-term rates of return for the categories of investments currently held in the plan as well as anticipated returns for additional contributions made in the future. The expected long-term rate of return is adjusted when there are fundamental changes in expected returns on the plan investments.
The discount rate assumptions used to account for pension and postretirement benefit plans reflect the rates available on high-quality, fixed-income debt instruments on December 31 of each year. The rate of compensation increase is another significant assumption used for pension accounting and is determined by the Company based upon annual reviews.
In determining net pension and other postretirement benefit costs, we have elected to amortize prior service cost on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. A 10% corridor is used to determine the amount of the unrecognized net gain or loss to be amortized. The excess, if any, of the unrecognized net gain or loss over 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets is amortized over the average remaining service period until retirement for active participants and included in the net periodic benefit cost.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
5. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)
As of September 30, 2005, the Company assumed health care cost trend rates for its postretirement benefit plans were 8.00% in 2006, 7.00% in 2007, 6.00% in 2008, and 5.00% in 2009 and thereafter. As of September 30, 2004, the Company assumed health care cost trend rates for its postretirement benefit plans were 10.00% for 2005, 9.00% for 2006, 8.00% for 2007, 7.00% for 2008, 6.00% for 2009 and 5.00% for 2010 thereafter. As of September 30, 2003, the Company assumed health care cost trend rates were 10.50% for 2004, 9.50% for 2005, 8.00% for 2006, 7.00% for 2007, 6.00% for 2008, 5.00% for 2009 and thereafter.
Increasing the assumed health care cost trend rate by one percentage point would increase the 2005 postretirement benefit obligation by approximately $1.1 million and would increase the 2005 net postretirement benefit cost by approximately $0.2 million. Decreasing the assumed health care cost trend rate by one percentage point would decrease the 2005 postretirement benefit obligation by approximately $1.0 million and would decrease the 2005 net postretirement benefit cost by approximately $0.2 million.
The following benefit payments are expected to be paid to current plan participants:
On February 1, 2000, the Company adopted two defined contribution benefit plans that cover all full-time salaried employees and certain hourly employees at several of the Company’s facilities. Employees can make voluntary contributions in accordance with the provisions of their respective plan. The Company expensed $7.9 million, $7.4 million and $7.0 million for employer contributions during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 are as follows:
For additional information regarding the acquisitions, see Note 15.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)
Other Intangible Assets
The components of other intangible assets are as follows:
The amount of amortization expense was $1.0 million, $0.8 million, and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Estimated amortization of intangible assets over the next five years is expected to approximate $1.0 million per year.
7. DEBT
A summary of debt is set forth in the following table:
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
7. DEBT (Continued)
On July 7, 2003, PCA repaid all borrowings under its then-existing senior secured credit facility. This facility was replaced with a senior unsecured credit facility that provides for a $100.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $35.0 million subfacility for letters of credit, and a $50.0 million term loan. The senior credit facility expires in 2008.
On July 21, 2003, PCA closed its offering and private placement of $150.0 million of 43¤8% five-year senior notes and $400.0 million of 53¤4% ten-year senior notes. On July 22, 2003, PCA used the net proceeds from the offering, together with the borrowings under the senior credit facility and cash on hand, to repurchase $546.4 million, or 99.3%, of its then outstanding 95¤8% senior subordinated notes. As a result of these transactions, PCA recorded a one-time charge of approximately $76.6 million ($46.7 million after-tax) in the third quarter of 2003. The $76.6 million charge includes the tender offer premium of $55.9 million and a $17.4 million non-cash charge for the write-off of deferred financing fees due to the early extinguishment of debt, both included in interest expense, and fees and expenses of $3.3 million, included in corporate overhead. The remaining senior subordinated notes were repurchased on April 1, 2004 at a premium of $0.2 million.
The instruments governing PCA’s indebtedness contain covenants that limit the ability of PCA and its subsidiaries to enter into sale and leaseback transactions, incur liens, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, merge or consolidate with any other person or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. They also require PCA to comply with certain financial covenants, including the ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization to interest expense, the ratio of debt to total capitalization, and minimum net worth levels. A failure to comply with these restrictions could lead to an event of default, which could result in an acceleration of such indebtedness. At December 31, 2005, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Additional information regarding PCA’s variable rate debt is shown below:
As of December 31, 2005, annual principal maturities for debt during the next five years are: $118.0 million (2006), $10.0 million (2007), $170.1 million (2008) and $400.0 million (2011 and thereafter).
Interest payments in connection with the Company’s debt obligations for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, amounted to $35.8 million, $34.2 million, and $104.5 million, respectively. Included in the $104.5 million in interest paid for 2003 is the tender offer premium of $55.9 million paid in connection with the July 2003 tender offer.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
7. DEBT (Continued)
On November 29, 2000, the Company established an on-balance sheet securitization program for its trade accounts receivable. To effectuate this program, the Company formed a wholly owned limited purpose subsidiary, Packaging Credit Company, LLC (“PCC”), which in turn formed a wholly owned, bankruptcy-remote, special-purpose subsidiary, Packaging Receivables Company, LLC (“PRC”), for the purpose of acquiring receivables from PCC. Both of these entities are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. Under this program, PCC purchases on an ongoing basis substantially all of the receivables of the Company and sells such receivables to PRC. PRC and lenders established a $150.0 million receivables-backed revolving credit facility (“Receivables Credit Facility”) through which PRC obtains funds to purchase receivables from PCC. The receivables purchased by PRC are and will be solely the property of PRC. In the event of liquidation of PRC, the creditors of PRC would be entitled to satisfy their claims from PRC’s assets prior to any distribution to PCC or the Company. Credit available under the receivables credit facility is on a borrowing-base formula. As a result, the full amount of the facility may not be available at all times. At December 31, 2005, $109.0 million was outstanding and $41.0 million was available for additional borrowing under the receivables credit facility. The highest outstanding principal balance under the receivables credit facility during fiscal 2005 was $109.0 million. On October 10, 2003, PCA renewed the receivables credit facility for an additional three-year term, expiring on October 10, 2006.
A summary of the Company’s drawings under credit facilities, including the impact of $19.4 million of outstanding letters of credit, as of December 31, 2005 follows:
PCA is required to pay commitment fees on the unused portions of the credit facilities.
A summary of the Company’s outstanding letters of credit is set forth in the following table:
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
8. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying and estimated fair values of PCA’s financial instruments at December 31, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:
The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, and accounts payable (including dividends payable) approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
The fair value of the term loan and the receivables credit facility approximates their carrying amount due to the variable interest-rate feature of the instruments. The fair values of the senior notes are based on quoted market prices. The fair value of the other debt was determined to not be materially different from the carrying amount.
9. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
In June 1999, PCA entered into management equity agreements with 125 of its management-level employees. Under these agreements, PCA Holdings, LLC and Pactiv Corporation sold 3,132,800 shares of common stock to 113 of these employees at $4.55 per share. The management equity agreements also provide for the grant of options (see Note 2).
On May 16, 2001, the Company announced a $100.0 million common stock repurchase program. PCA may continue to repurchase shares from time to time under this program. Through December 31, 2003, the Company repurchased 5,195,600 shares of common stock for $88.8 million. All repurchased shares were retired prior to December 31, 2003. No shares of common stock were repurchased under this program in 2005 or 2004.
On December 21, 2005, the Company completed a secondary offering of its common stock pursuant to a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2005. The selling stockholder, PCA Holdings LLC, sold 17,825,000 shares of common stock of the Company, which included 2,325,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise in full of their over-allotment option. All of these shares were sold at an initial price to the public market of $21.50 per share, and the selling
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
9. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued) (Continued)
stockholder received proceeds, net of the underwriting discount, of $20.69 per share. The Company did not sell any shares in, or receive any proceeds from, the secondary offering.
Concurrent with the closing of the secondary offering on December 21, 2005, the Company entered into a common stock repurchase agreement with PCA Holdings LLC. Pursuant to the repurchase agreement, the Company purchased 4,500,000 shares of common stock directly from PCA Holdings LLC at the initial price to the public net of the underwriting discount or $20.69 per share, the same net price per share received by PCA Holdings LLC in the secondary offering. These shares were retired on December 21, 2005.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Capital Commitments
The Company had authorized capital expenditures of approximately $33.1 million and $55.2 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, in connection with the expansion and replacement of existing facilities and equipment.
Operating Leases
PCA leases space for certain of its facilities and cutting rights to approximately 108,000 acres of timberland under long-term leases. The Company also leases equipment, primarily vehicles and rolling stock, and other assets under long-term leases of a duration generally of three years. The minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases with lease terms in excess of one year are as follows:
Capital lease obligations were not significant to the accompanying financial statements. Total lease expense, including base rent on all leases and executory costs, such as insurance, taxes, and maintenance, for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was $35.8 million, $33.0 million and $31.6 million, respectively. These costs are included in cost of goods sold and selling and administrative expenses.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued) (Continued)
Purchase Commitments
The Company has entered into various purchase agreements to buy minimum amounts of energy over periods ranging from one to two years at fixed prices. Total purchase commitments over the next two years are as follows:
These purchase agreements are not marked to market. The Company purchased $12.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2005, $17.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2004, and $19.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2003 under these purchase agreements.
Litigation
On May 14, 1999, PCA was named as a defendant in two Consolidated Class Action Complaints which alleged a civil violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The suits, then captioned Winoff Industries, Inc. v. Stone Container Corporation, MDL No. 1261 (E.D. Pa.) and General Refractories Co. v. Gaylord Container Corporation, MDL No. 1261 (E.D. Pa.), name PCA as a defendant based solely on the allegation that PCA is successor to the interests of Tenneco Packaging Inc. and Tenneco Inc., both of which were also named as defendants in the suits, along with nine other linerboard and corrugated sheet manufacturers. The complaints allege that the defendants, during the period October 1, 1993 through November 30, 1995, conspired to limit the supply of linerboard, and that the purpose and effect of the alleged conspiracy was to artificially increase prices of corrugated containers and corrugated sheets, respectively. On November 3, 2003, Pactiv (formerly known as Tenneco Packaging), Tenneco and PCA entered into an agreement to settle the class action lawsuits. The settlement agreement provided for a full release of all claims against PCA as a result of the class action lawsuits and was approved by the Court in an opinion issued on April 21, 2004. Approximately 160 plaintiffs opted out of the class and together filed about ten direct action complaints in various federal courts across the country. All of the opt-out complaints make allegations against the defendants, including PCA, substantially similar to those made in the class actions. The settlement agreement does not cover these direct action cases. These actions have almost all been consolidated as In re Linerboard, MDL 1261 (E.D. Pa.) for pretrial purposes. Pactiv, Tenneco and PCA have reached an agreement to settle all of the opt-out cases. These agreements provide for a full release of all claims against PCA as a result of litigation. PCA has made no payments to the plaintiffs as a result of the settlement of any of the opt-out suits. As of the date of this filing, we believe it is not reasonably possible that the outcome of any pending litigation related to these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
PCA is also party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. These legal actions cover a broad variety of claims spanning our entire business. As of the date of this filing, we believe it is
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued) (Continued)
not reasonably possible that the resolution of these legal actions will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, or results of operations or cash flows.
Environmental Liabilities
In April 1998, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a new Clean Air and Water Act commonly referred to as the Cluster Rules, which govern all pulp and paper mill operations, including those at our mills. The Cluster Rules affect our allowable discharges of air and water pollutants. PCA and its competitors are required to incur costs to ensure compliance with these new rules. From 1997 through 2005, we spent approximately $37.5 million on Cluster Rule compliance to meet Clean Air Act requirements. Total capital costs for environmental matters, including Cluster Rule compliance, were $12.9 million for 2005. We currently estimate 2006 environmental capital expenditures will be $5.5 million, of which $1.9 million of the expenditures are to meet Cluster Rule requirements. Our current spending projections to complete all Cluster Rule compliance requirements at our four mills is $1.9 million, which will be spent in 2006.
The potential costs for various environmental matters are uncertain due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible cleanup costs, the complexity and evolving nature of governmental laws and regulations and their interpretations, and the timing, varying costs and effectiveness of alternative cleanup technologies. From January 1994 through December 2005, remediation costs at our mills and corrugated plants totaled about $3.2 million. As of December 31, 2005, we maintained an environmental reserve of $5.5 million relating to onsite landfills (see Note 11) and surface impoundments as well as on-going and anticipated remedial projects. Liabilities recorded for environmental contingencies are estimates of the probable costs based upon available information and assumptions. Because of these uncertainties, however, PCA’s estimates may change. As of the date of this filing, we believe that it is not reasonably possible that future environmental expenditures above the $5.5 million accrued as of December 31, 2005, will have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
In connection with the sale to PCA of its containerboard and corrugated products business, Pactiv agreed to retain all liability for all former facilities and all sites associated with pre-closing offsite waste disposal and all environmental liabilities related to a closed landfill located near our Filer City mill.
11. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS
Asset retirement obligations consist primarily of landfill capping and closure and post-closure costs. PCA is legally required to perform capping and closure and post-closure care on the landfills. In accordance with SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” PCA recognizes the fair value of a these liabilities as an asset retirement obligation for each landfill and capitalizes that cost as part of the cost basis of the related asset. The liability is accreted to its estimated value over time, and the related assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Upon settlement of the liability, PCA will recognize a gain or loss for any difference between the settlement amount and the recorded liability.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
11. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS (Continued)
The following table describes changes to PCA’s asset retirement obligation liability:
12. INCOME TAXES
Following is an analysis of the components of the consolidated income tax provision (benefit):
The effective tax rate varies from the U.S. Federal statutory tax rate principally due to the following:
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
12. INCOME TAXES (Continued)
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31 are summarized as follows:
The net deferred tax liability at December 31 is classified in the balance sheet as follows:
Cash payments for income taxes were $10.1 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
As of December 31, 2005, the Company had $13.5 million in alternative minimum tax credits available for income tax purposes that may be used to offset future taxable income. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had $2.2 million in general business credit carry forwards available for income tax purposes which will expire between 2019 through 2024.
As of December 31, 2005, the Company had available gross state and local net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $84.9 million with various expiration dates. The entire valuation allowance in 2004 relates to state and local net operating loss carry forwards. In 2005, a valuation allowance for state and local net operating loss carry forwards is no longer required because we believe it is more likely than not that we will realize in full the benefit of all state and local net operating loss carry forwards.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
13. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES AND OTHER SEVERANCE
In August 2005, the Company announced that it would close a corrugated products plant by the end of the year. The charges related to this plan were recorded in accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” which requires that a liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred.
In connection with the shutdown of the corrugated products plant, the Company recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $1.7 million during the third and fourth quarters of 2005, which are included in other expense, net and cost of sales in the statement of operations. The pre-tax restructuring charges are composed of:
All restructuring charges, except for the asset impairments, will result in cash outflows. The severance and benefit costs relate to a reduction in workforce of approximately 58 employees located at the plant. Asset impairments relate to the write-down of property, plant and equipment at the closed plant to fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” The Company expects to incur $0.2 million in pre-tax disposal costs related to the property, plant and equipment during 2006.
The Company also recorded $0.9 million in pre-tax severance and benefit costs related to other facilities during 2005. These costs are included in cost of sales in the statement of operations.
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
PCA owns a 311¤3% interest in Southern Timber Venture, LLC (“STV”). At December 31, 2005, PCA had not guaranteed the debt of STV and has no future funding requirements. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the carrying value of the Company’s investment in STV under the equity method is zero. PCA received dividends from STV of $15.0 million ($14.0 million net of direct expenses), $29.3 million ($27.8 million net of direct expenses) and $1.2 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
In April 2005 and December 2004, STV sold to other parties approximately 90,000 acres and 150,000 acres, respectively, of timberland previously owned and managed by STV that were under the supply agreement with PCA. STV will continue to manage the timberlands for the new buyers. In connection with the sale, PCA entered into new supply agreements with the buyers related to the acreage sold and continues to buy pulpwood from both STV and the buyers. After both sales, STV currently owns approximately 53,000 acres of land, including timberlands and higher beneficial use (HBU) properties, located primarily in southern Georgia and northern Florida.
PCA purchases pulpwood from STV in accordance with the terms of a fiber supply agreement between the two companies which expires December 31, 2017. The price of pulpwood in this agreement is based upon the fair market value of pulpwood and is adjusted annually for any changes in market value.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Continued)
PCA purchased $4.1 million, $22.6 million and $19.3 million of pulpwood for its Counce, Tennessee and Valdosta, Georgia mills from STV during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
In June 2004, PCA sold a portion of its interest in STV for $2.0 million and recognized a pre-tax gain of $2.0 million.
Financial information for STV is as follows:
The audited financial statements for STV for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 are included as part of this filing in accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X. This requirement does not apply for STV’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005.
15. ACQUISITIONS
During the second quarter of 2005, PCA acquired a full line corrugated plant in Jackson, Mississippi, a specialty sheet plant in St. Louis, Missouri, and a graphics packaging and display manufacturing plant in Olive Branch, Mississippi for $48.7 million. These plants expanded PCA’s presence in geographic markets where PCA did not have any plant locations. The purchase method of accounting was used to account for the acquisition of these plants. Approximately $30.5 million of goodwill (which is deductible for income tax purposes) and $2.4 million of intangible assets were recorded in connection with the acquisition. Sales and total assets of the plants acquired were not material. Operating results of the plants subsequent to the date of acquisition are included in the Company’s operating results.
During the first quarter of 2004, Packaging Corporation of Illinois, a wholly owned subsidiary of PCA, acquired a corrugated plant in Chicago, Illinois for $38.4 million. This acquisition expands PCA’s capabilities in high quality graphics packaging and displays and increases PCA’s presence in the Chicago market. The purchase method of accounting was used to account for the acquisition. Approximately $1.5 million of goodwill (which is deductible for income tax purposes) and $13.8 million of intangible assets were recorded in connection with the acquisition. The intangible assets include customer lists and relations. Sales and total assets of the acquisition were not material. Operating results of the plant subsequent to the date of acquisition are included in the Company’s operating results.
During the second quarter of 2003, Dixie Container Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of PCA, acquired the assets of a corrugated products facility located in Fairfield, Ohio, for $3.1 million. The purchase method of accounting was used to account for the acquisition. Sales and total assets of the acquisition were not material. Operating results of the plant subsequent to the date of acquisition are included in the Company’s operating results.
Packaging Corporation of America
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2005
16. DIVESTITURES
In February 2004, PCA sold its hardwood sawmill in Selmer, Tennessee and received $1.0 million in proceeds and recognized a $0.2 million pre-tax gain. The Selmer sawmill had net sales of $0.1 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
17. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
Note: The sum of the quarters may not equal the total of the respective year’s earnings per share on either a basic or diluted basis due to changes in the weighted average shares outstanding throughout the year.
For the three months ended June 30, 2005, net income included a $7.0 million (or $0.06 per share) dividend payment net of taxes and expenses from Southern Timber Venture, LLC (“STV”), a timberlands joint venture in which PCA owns a 311¤3% interest. The dividend resulted from STV’s sale of a portion of their timberland holdings.
For the three months ended December 31, 2004, net income included a $16.9 million (or $0.16 per share) dividend payment net of taxes and expenses from STV. The dividend resulted from STV’s sale of a portion of their timberland holdings.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT
The Members
Southern Timber Venture, LLC
Jackson, Mississippi
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Southern Timber Venture, LLC as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the related statements of operations, members’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Southern Timber Venture, LLC as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ GRANTHAM, POOLE, RANDALL, REITANO, ARRINGTON & CUNNINGHAM PLLC
February 18, 2005
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2004 and 2003
ASSETS
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’ EQUITY
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Statements of Operations
For the Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Statement of Members’ Equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2004 and 2003
NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company-Southern Timber Venture, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, was formed during 2000 immediately prior to the acquisition of approximately 388,000 acres of timberland in the Southeastern United States for $275 million. Its primary purpose is to manage the timberlands and to grow and harvest the timber using state of the art forest and timber management principles.
Revenue Recognition-Timber sales are recognized when legal ownership or the risk of loss passes to the purchaser and the quantity sold is determinable. For delivered sales, the risk of loss passes when the timber is delivered to the customer. Revenues are determined by multiplying actual harvest volumes by contractually agreed-upon prices negotiated with the purchasers. Other sales are recognized when earned.
Revenue from Packaging Corporation of America, a related party with whom the Company has a supply agreement, represented 68% of timber sales in 2004 and 55% in 2003 (see Note 7).
The Company also generates income from the leasing of hunting rights on the land it owns. Leases are renewed annually by the lessees and income is recognized in the period in which it is earned.
Cash Equivalents-For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts-In the normal course of business, the Company extends credit to its customers on a short-term basis. Based upon management’s assessment of the Company’s aging of receivable balances and each customer’s individual credit quality, no allowance for doubtful accounts has been made at either fiscal year end 2004 or 2003. If circumstances change (i.e. an unexpected material adverse change in major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to us), our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due could be reduced by a material amount and the allowance for doubtful accounts and related bad expense would increase by the same amount.
Estimates-The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Timber and Timberlands-Timber and timberlands are stated at cost less accumulated depletion for timber previously harvested. The company capitalizes timber and timberland purchases and reforestation costs and other costs associated with the planting and growing of timber, such as site preparation, growing or purchases of seedlings, planting, fertilization, herbicide application and the thinning of tree stands to improve growth. Timber carrying costs, such as real estate taxes, insect control, wildlife control are expensed as incurred.
Costs attributable to timber harvested, or depletion, are charged against income as trees are harvested. Depletion rates are determined based on the relationship between net carrying value of the timber and total timber volume estimated to be available over the harvest cycle. Net carrying value of the timber and timberlands is used to compute the gain or loss in connection with real estate sales.
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2004 and 2003
NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Concentrations of Credit Risk-At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had cash deposits on hand in financial institutions which exceeded the financial institution insurable limit provided by the applicable guarantee agency by $4.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively.
Fair Value of Financial Statements-The carrying amounts for cash and temporary cash investments approximate their fair values. The carrying amounts of the Company’s borrowings under its credit facilities and long-term debt also approximate the fair values based on current rates for similar debt.
NOTE 2 FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS
Factors Affecting Supply and Demand-The results of operations of the Company are and will continue to be affected by cyclical supply and demand factors related to the forest products industry. The supply of timber is significantly affected by land use management policies of the U.S. government, which in recent years have limited, and are likely to continue to limit, the amount of timber offered for sale by certain U.S. government agencies. Such government agencies historically have been major suppliers of timber to the U.S. forest products industry, but timber sales by such government agencies currently are at historically low levels. Any reversal of government land use management policies that substantially increases sales of timber by U.S. government agencies could significantly reduce prices for logs, lumber and other forest products. The demand for logs and manufactured wood products also has been, and in the future can be expected to be, subject to cyclical fluctuations. Such demand is primarily affected by the level of housing starts, repair and remodeling activity, industrial wood product use, competition from nonwood products, and the demand for pulp and paper products. These factors are subject to fluctuations due to changes in economic conditions, interest rates, population growth, weather conditions, competitive pressures and other factors. Any decrease in the level of industry demand for logs and wood products generally can be expected to result in lower net sales, operating income and cash flow of the Company.
Harvesting Limitation-Net sales, operating income and cash flow of the Company are dependent on the confirmed ability of the Company to harvest timber at adequate levels. Weather conditions, timber growth cycles, and regulatory requirements associated with protection of wildlife and water resources may restrict harvesting of the Company’s timberlands. From time to time, proposals have been made in state legislatures that would regulate the level of timber harvesting. Timber harvests also may be affected by various natural factors, including damage by fire, insect infestation, disease, prolonged drought, severe weather conditions and other causes. The effects of such natural disasters may be particularly damaging to young timber. Although damage from such natural causes usually is localized and affects only a limited percentage of the timber, there can be no assurance that any damage affecting the Company’s timberlands will in fact be so limited. Consistent with industry practice, the Company does not maintain insurance coverage with respect to damage to its timberlands. Any of the above factors that materially limits the ability of the Company to harvest timber could have a significant adverse impact on the net sales, operating income and cash flow of the Company.
Committed Product Purchases by Packaging Corporation of America; Possible inability to develop new markets-The Company derived approximately 68% of its net sales for 2004 from sales of timber directly to the Packaging Corporation of America. For a description of the terms of sales of timber by the
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2004 and 2003
NOTE 2 FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS (Continued)
Company to the Packaging Corporation of America, see Note 7. While management of the Company believes that there is significant demand for the Company’s timber products from users other than the Packaging Corporation of America, no assurance can be given that such demand will be equivalent to the Company’s planned annual harvests. Any excess supply of timber that results from the inability of the Company to sell its products to users other than the Packaging Corporation of America could result in lower prices for the Company’s products, which could have a material adverse effect on the net sales, operating income and cash flow of the Company.
Environmental Regulations-The Company is subject to extensive and changing federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, the provisions and enforcement of which are expected to become more stringent in the future. The Company is subject to regulation under the Endangered Species Act (the ESA), the Clean Water Act, the Clean AirAct, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as well as similar state laws and regulations. Violations of various statutory and regulatory programs that apply to the Company’s operations can result in civil penalties, remediation expenses, natural resource damages, potential injunctions, cease and desist orders, and criminal penalties.
Some environmental statutes impose strict liability, rendering a person liable for environmental damage without regard to negligence or fault on the part of such person. There can be no assurance that such laws or future legislation or administrative or judicial action with respect to protection of the environment will not adversely affect the Company.
The ESA and counterpart state legislation protect species threatened with possible extinction. A number of species indigenous to the Company’s timberlands have been and in the future may be protected under these laws. Protection of endangered and threatened species may include restrictions on timber harvesting, road building and other silvicultural activities on private, federal and state land containing the affected species.
NOTE 3 DIVESTITURES
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the Company sold approximately 8,000 acres of land for approximately $10.3 million resulting in a recognized gain of approximately $3.6 million.
In December 2004, the Company sold approximately 153,000 acres of timber lands in Mississippi, Tennessee and Alabama for approximately $158.4 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $86.6 million. Approximately $55.4 million of the proceeds of the sales were used to reduce the Company’s debt. See Note 7 for discussion of the affect of the divestiture on the company’s supply agreement.
NOTE 4 INDEBTEDNESS
During 2001 in connection with the original purchase of the timberlands by Southern Timber Venture, LLC, the Company borrowed $120 million of fixed rate notes payable and $80 million of variable rate
notes payable from John Hancock Financial Services. The unpaid principal balance was $85,000,000 and $140,380,000 at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2004 and 2003
NOTE 4 INDEBTEDNESS (Continued)
Scheduled maturities are as follows:
The note matures in 2011.
The Company’s outstanding debt at December 31, 2004, bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.98%.
The Company also has a revolving line of credit of $2 million. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had no outstanding balance on the revolving line. The Company is not required to pay a commitment fee for unused portions of the line of credit.
All of the notes payable and the line of credit referred to above are secured by the Company’s timber and timberlands located in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee.
NOTE 5 INCOME TAXES
The Company is a limited liability company for income tax purposes. As such, no provision has been made in the financial statements for income taxes as the income or loss and other tax items are reportable by the owners in their separate tax returns.
NOTE 6 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is subject to a variety of environmental and pollution control laws and regulations in all jurisdictions in which it operates. As is the case with other companies in similar industries, the Company faces exposure from actual or potential claims and legal proceedings involving environmental matters. Liability insurance in effect during the year provides very limited coverage for environmental matters.
The Company has entered into a commitment to sell approximately 90,000 acres of timber land in Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee for approximately $91.4 million in March 2005. This sale will reduce the Company’s obligations under a supply agreement which is discussed in the Note 7. The amount of the reduction in supply agreement has not been determined.
NOTE 7 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During 2001, the Company entered into a supply agreement with Packaging Corporation of America (PCA) which was a 33.3% and 31.3% owner of the Company as of December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. As discussed above, in December 2004, the Company sold 153,000 acres of timber lands which substantially reduced the Company’s obligation under the agreement to supply PCA’s Counce, Tennessee
mill. Subsequent to the sale, the Company is obligated to supply PCA’s mill in Counce, Tennessee with a minimum of 160,000 tons of softwood per year and a minimum of 10,800 tons of hardwood per year. The
SOUTHERN TIMBER VENTURE, LLC
Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2004 and 2003
NOTE 7 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Continued)
Company’s obligation to supply 100,000 tons of softwood per year to PCA’s mill in Valdosta, Georgia did not change.
Prior to the sale in December 2004, the Company was obligated to supply PCA’s mill in Counce, Tennessee with 400,000 to 500,000 tons of softwood per year and 35,000 to 112,000 tons of hardwood per year.
Based on the terms of the supply agreement, PCA advances the Company funds quarterly on anticipated purchases from the Company. The amount of this advance is 40% of anticipated sales for pine and 25% for hardwood. Amounts advanced to the Company are reflected in the accompanying balance sheet as a current liability. The supply agreement also provides a predetermined price for logs delivered to PCA mills.
The Company has also entered into a management agreement with Claw Forestry Services, LLC (Claw), which is owned by a member of one of the Company’s members. Under the terms of the management agreement, the Company is obligated to pay Claw a management fee based on $8 per acre per year for timberland under management. The fee is paid in monthly increments based on one twelfth of the annual amounts expected to be earned. In exchange for such payment, Claw provides the Company certain timberland management services including, but not limited to, the management and marketing of the Company’s timber products. The Company paid Claw $2,616,291 in 2004 and $2,666,600 in 2003 for management fees.
The Company also paid Claw commissions based on 2% of land sales. The amount of such commissions was $3,238,995 in 2004 and $214,848 in 2003.
The Company’s primary lender, John Hancock Financial Services, is also a partial owner in the Company. All indebtedness discussed in Note 4 is owed to John Hancock. Also, interest expense and early payment fees paid in 2004 and 2003 were paid to John Hancock.