Item 1. Business
General
Park Sterling Corporation (the “Company”) was formed in 2010 to serve as the holding company for Park Sterling Bank (the “Bank”) pursuant to a bank holding company reorganization effective January 1, 2011, and is registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). The Bank is a North Carolina-chartered commercial nonmember bank that was incorporated in September 2006 and opened for business at 1043 E. Morehead Street, Suite 201, Charlotte, North Carolina on October 25, 2006. At December 31, 2016, the Company’s primary operations and business were that of owning the Bank. The main office of both the Company and the Bank is located at 1043 E. Morehead Street, Suite 201, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28204, and its phone number is (704) 716-2134.
In August 2010, the Bank raised gross proceeds of $150 million in an equity offering (the “Public Offering”), to facilitate a change in the Bank’s business plan from primarily organic growth at a moderate pace to creating a regional community bank through a combination of mergers and acquisitions and accelerated organic growth. Consistent with this growth strategy, over the past several years the Bank has opened additional branches in North Carolina and South Carolina and in 2014 and 2015 expanded into the Virginia market through the opening of two branches in Richmond, Virginia. Also consistent with this strategy, on January 1, 2016 the Company acquired First Capital Bancorp, Inc. (“First Capital”), the parent company of First Capital Bank. As a result of the merger of First Capital into the Company, First Capital Bank, which operated eight branches in the Richmond, Virginia area, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and thereafter was merged into the Bank. The aggregate merger consideration consisted of approximately 8.4 million shares of Common Stock and approximately $25.8 million in cash. Based on the $7.32 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2015, the transaction value was approximately $87.1 million.
In addition, since the Public Offering, the Company has completed the following acquisitions of community banks in its existing or targeted markets:
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In May 2014, the Company acquired Provident Community Bancshares, Inc. (“Provident Community”), the parent company of Provident Community Bank, N.A., which operated nine branches in South Carolina.
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In October 2012, the Company acquired Citizens South Banking Corporation (“Citizens South”), the parent company of Citizens South Bank, which operated 21 branches in North Carolina, South Carolina and North Georgia.
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In November 2011, the Company acquired Community Capital Corporation (“Community Capital”), the parent company of CapitalBank, which operated 18 branches in the Upstate and Midlands area of South Carolina.
Each of these banks has merged into the Bank.
The Company remains focused on its intention to create a regional community bank with locations in North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and North Georgia, through selective acquisitions of banks or branches and organic growth through the opening of additional branches and selective investment in additional bankers and enhanced products and services.
Banking Services
Our objective since inception has been to provide the strength and product diversity of a larger bank and the service and relationship attention that characterizes a community bank. We strive to develop a personal relationship with our customers so that we are positioned to anticipate and address their financial needs.
Through our branches and offices, we provide banking services to small and mid-sized businesses, owner-occupied and income-producing real estate owners, residential builders, institutions, professionals and consumers doing business or residing within our target markets. We provide a wide range of banking products, including personal, business and non-profit checking accounts, IOLTA accounts, individual retirement accounts, business and personal money market accounts, time deposits, overdraft protection, safe deposit boxes and online and mobile banking. Our lending activities include a range of short- to medium-term commercial (including asset-based lending), real estate, construction, residential mortgage, home equity and consumer loans, as well as long-term residential mortgages. Our wealth management activities include investment management, private banking, personal trust and investment brokerage services. Our cash management activities include remote deposit capture, lockbox services, sweep accounts, purchasing cards, ACH and wire payments. Our capital markets activities include interest rate and currency risk management products, loan syndications and debt placements. We are committed to providing “Answers You Can Bank OnSM” to our customers. We pride ourselves on being large enough to help customers achieve their financial aspirations, yet small enough to care that they do. We are focused on building a banking franchise that is noted for sound risk management, broad product capabilities, strong community focus and exceptional customer service.
Market Area
The Bank serves its customers through eighteen full-service branches in North Carolina, twenty three full-service branches in South Carolina, nine full-service branches in Virginia and five full-service branches in North Georgia.
The Bank maintains nineteen branches in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”) in North Carolina, ten branches in the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin MSA in South Carolina, and ten branches in the Richmond MSA in Virginia. Additionally, we serve our communities through five branches in the Greenwood, South Carolina MSA, two each in the Spartanburg, South Carolina MSA and the Columbia, South Carolina MSA, and one each in the Newberry, South Carolina MSA, the Raleigh, North Carolina MSA, the Wilmington, North Carolina MSA, and the Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina MSA. Our five North Georgia branches are not located in an identified MSA.
With the Bank’s operations stretching from Virginia, throughout the Carolinas and down into North Georgia, we have a diverse economic and customer base. We do not believe we are dependent on any one or any several customers or types of business whose loss would have a material adverse effect on us.
Competition
Commercial banking and other financial activities in all of our market areas are highly competitive, and there are numerous branches of national, regional and local institutions in each of these markets. We compete for deposits in our banking markets with other commercial banks, savings banks and other thrift institutions, credit unions, agencies issuing United States government securities, and all other organizations and institutions engaged in money market transactions. In our lending activities, we compete with all other financial institutions as well as consumer finance companies, mortgage companies and other lenders. In our wealth management activities, we compete with commercial and investment banking firms, investment advisory firms and brokerage firms.
Interest rates, both on loans and deposits, and prices of fee-based services are significant competitive factors among financial institutions generally. Other important competitive factors include office location, office hours, the quality of customer service, community reputation, continuity of personnel and services, and, in the case of larger commercial customers, relative lending limits and the ability to offer sophisticated cash management and other commercial banking services. Many of our larger competitors have greater resources, broader geographic markets and higher lending limits than we do, and they can offer more products and services and can better afford and make more effective use of media advertising, support services and electronic technology than we can. To counter these competitive disadvantages, we depend on our reputation as a community bank in our local markets, our direct customer contact, our ability to make credit and other business decisions locally, our wide range of banking products and our personalized service.
In recent years, federal and state legislation has heightened the competitive environment in which all financial institutions conduct their business, and the potential for competition among financial institutions of all types has increased significantly. Additionally, with the elimination of restrictions on interstate banking, commercial banks operating in our market areas may be required to compete not only with other financial institutions based in the states in which we operate, but also with out-of-state financial institutions which may acquire institutions, or establish or acquire branch offices in these states, or otherwise offer financial services across state lines, thereby adding to the competitive atmosphere of the industry in general.
Employees
As of February 28, 2017, we employed 544 people and had 532 full time equivalent employees. Each of these individuals is an employee of the Bank. There are no employees at the bank holding company level. We are not a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and we consider our relations with employees to be good.
Subsidiaries
The Company’s primary subsidiary is the Bank. As of February 28, 2017, the Company has five wholly-owned non-consolidated subsidiaries; Community Capital Corporation Statutory Trust I, CSBC Statutory Trust I, Provident Community Bancshares Capital Trust I, Provident Community Bancshares Capital Trust II and FCRV Statutory Trust 1, which were used to issue $10.3 million, $15.5 million, $4.1 million, $8.2 million and $5.0 million (in each case before related acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments), respectively, of trust preferred securities (“TruPS”) by predecessor companies. The Company has fully and unconditionally guaranteed each trust’s obligations under the TruPS. Proceeds from these TruPS were used by the predecessor companies to purchase junior subordinated notes in Community Capital, Citizens South, Provident Community and First Capital, respectively, which constitute Tier I capital of the Company.
The Bank has two subsidiaries, Park Sterling Financial Services, Inc., and Citizens Properties, LLC. Park Sterling Financial Services, Inc., originally Citizens South Financial Services, Inc., primarily owns stock in a title insurance company which was used by Citizens South Bank for certain real estate transactions and continues to operate as such. Citizens Properties, LLC was formed in January 2012 for the purpose of holding, managing and resolving certain real estate that was acquired through foreclosure, or other nonperforming and substandard assets, and continues to operate as such.
Supervision and Regulation
Bank holding companies and state commercial banks are subject to extensive supervision and regulation by federal and state agencies. Regulation of bank holding companies and banks is intended primarily for the protection of consumers, depositors, borrowers, the Federal Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) and the banking system as a whole and not for the protection of shareholders or creditors. The following is a brief summary of certain material statutory and regulatory provisions applicable to the Company and the Bank but is not intended to be an exhaustive description of all statutes and regulations applicable to our business. To the extent such provisions are described, this description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable laws and regulations.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), enacted in July 2010, has had and will continue to have a broad impact on the financial services industry, including significant regulatory and compliance changes including, among other things: (i) enhanced resolution authority of troubled and failing banks and their holding companies; (ii) increased capital and liquidity requirements; (iii) increased regulatory examination fees; (iv) changes to assessments to be paid to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) for federal deposit insurance; (v) enhanced corporate governance and executive compensation requirements and disclosures; and (vi) numerous other provisions designed to improve supervision and oversight of, and strengthen safety and soundness for, the financial services sector. Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act established a new framework for systemic risk oversight within the financial system to be distributed among new and existing federal regulatory agencies, including the Financial Stability Oversight Council, the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the FDIC. Many of the requirements called for in the Dodd-Frank Act continue to be implemented, and/or are subject to implementing regulations over the course of several years. In addition, recent government policy has advocated for significant reduction of financial services regulation, including amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act. Given the uncertainty associated with the manner in which the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will be implemented by the various regulatory agencies and through regulations, or amended as a result of government policy, the full extent of the impact such requirements will have on financial institutions’ operations is unclear. The changes resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act may impact the profitability of our business activities, require changes to certain of our business practices, or otherwise adversely affect our business. These changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and resources to evaluate and make necessary changes in order to comply with new statutory and regulatory requirements.
In addition, from time to time, various other legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in Congress and state legislatures, as well as regulatory agencies, that may impact the Company or the Bank. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution regulatory system. Such legislation could change bank statutes and the operating environment of the Company in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions and other financial institutions. We cannot predict whether any such legislation or regulatory policies will be enacted or, if enacted, the effect that such would have on our financial condition or results of operations, which could be material.
General. As a registered bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation under the BHC Act and to inspection, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (“Federal Reserve”). In general, the Federal Reserve may initiate enforcement actions for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. The Federal Reserve may assess civil money penalties, issue cease and desist or removal orders and require that a bank holding company divest subsidiaries, including subsidiary banks. The Company is also required to file reports and other information with the Federal Reserve regarding its business operations and those of the Bank.
The Bank is a North Carolina-chartered commercial nonmember bank subject to regulation, supervision and examination by its chartering regulator, the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks (the “NC Commissioner”), and by the FDIC, as deposit insurer and primary federal regulator. As an insured depository institution, numerous federal and state laws, as well as regulations promulgated by the FDIC and the NC Commissioner, govern many aspects of the Bank’s operations. The NC Commissioner and the FDIC regulate and monitor compliance with these state and federal laws and regulations, as well as the Bank’s operations and activities, including, but not limited to, loan and lease loss reserves, lending and mortgage operations, interest rates paid on deposits and received on loans, the payment of dividends to the Company, loans to officers and directors, record-keeping, mergers of state-chartered banks, capital requirements, and the establishment of branches. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, which is one of the 12 regional banks comprising the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system.
In addition to state and federal banking laws, regulations and regulatory agencies, the Company and the Bank are subject to various other laws and regulations of, and supervision and examination by, other regulatory agencies, including, with respect to the Company, the SEC and the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”).
Bank Holding Companies. The Federal Reserve is authorized to adopt regulations affecting various aspects of bank holding companies. In general, the BHC Act limits the business of a bank holding company and its subsidiaries to banking, managing or controlling banks and other activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto. The Federal Reserve has the power to order a bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or control of any nonbank subsidiary when the continuation of the activity or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any bank subsidiary of that bank holding company.
The BHC Act requires prior Federal Reserve Board approval for, among other things, the acquisition by a bank holding company of direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all the assets of any bank, or for a merger or consolidation of a bank holding company with another bank holding company. The BHC Act also prohibits a bank holding company from acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock of any company engaged in a non-banking business unless such business is determined by the Federal Reserve Board to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto.
The Company also is subject to the North Carolina Bank Holding Company Act of 1984. This state legislation requires the Company, by virtue of its ownership of the Bank, to register as a bank holding company with the NC Commissioner.
Under the BHC Act, a bank holding company may elect to become a “financial holding company,” provided certain conditions are met. A financial holding company, and the companies it controls, are permitted to engage in activities considered “financial in nature” (including, without limitation, insurance and securities activities), and therefore may engage in a broader range of activities than permitted by bank holding companies and their subsidiaries. The Company remains a bank holding company, but may at some time in the future elect to become a financial holding company. If the Company were to do so, the Bank would have to be well capitalized, well managed and have at least a satisfactory rating under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), which is discussed below.
Acquisitions. As an acquirer, we must comply with numerous laws related to our acquisition activity. As noted above, under the BHC Act, a bank holding company may not directly or indirectly acquire ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of any bank or merge or consolidate with another bank holding company without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. In addition, the Bank Merger Act requires prior approval from the applicable federal regulatory agency (the FDIC, in the case of the Bank) before any bank may merge or consolidate with, acquire the assets of or assume the deposit liabilities of another bank. Current federal law authorizes interstate acquisitions of banks by well-capitalized and well-managed bank holding companies, and allows a bank headquartered in one state to merge with or acquire a bank headquartered in another state (where the resulting institution is well-capitalized and well-managed) as long as neither of the states has opted out of such interstate bank merger authority, in each case subject to any state requirement that the target bank shall have been in existence and operating for a minimum period of time, not to exceed five years, and to certain deposit market-share limitations.
Branching. With appropriate regulatory approvals, North Carolina commercial banks are authorized to establish branches both in North Carolina as well as in other states, where the laws of the state where the de novo branch is to be opened would permit a bank chartered by that state to open a de novo branch. A bank that establishes a branch in another state may conduct any activity at that branch office that is permitted by the law of that state to the extent that the activity is permitted either for a state bank chartered by that state or for a branch in the state of an out-of-state national bank.
Minimum Capital Requirements. The various federal bank regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC, have adopted substantially similar minimum risk-based and leverage capital guidelines applicable to United States banking organizations, including bank holding companies and banks. As a prudential matter, however, banking organizations generally are expected to operate well above the minimum regulatory capital ratios, with capital commensurate to the level and nature of risks that they hold. In addition, these regulatory agencies may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum prescribed levels, whether because of its financial condition or actual or anticipated growth.
The risk-based capital standards establish a systematic analytical framework that makes regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banking organizations, takes off-balance sheet exposures explicitly into account in assessing capital adequacy and minimizes disincentives to holding liquid, low-risk assets. For purposes of the risk-based ratios, assets and specified off-balance sheet instruments are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets and off-balance sheet items. The leverage ratio represents core capital as a percentage of total average assets adjusted as specified in the guidelines.
In July 2013, the regulatory agencies approved final regulatory capital rules that replaced the then existing general risk-based capital and related rules, broadly revising the basic definitions and elements of regulatory capital and making substantial changes to the credit risk weightings for assets. The new regulatory capital rules establish the benchmark capital rules and capital floors that are generally applicable to United States banks under the Dodd-Frank Act and make the capital rules consistent with heightened international capital standards known as Basel III. These new capital standards apply to all banks, regardless of size, and to all bank holding companies with consolidated assets greater than $500 million, and became effective January 1, 2015 subject to a transition period providing for full implementation as of January 1, 2019. More stringent requirements are imposed on “advanced approaches” banking organizations (organizations with either total assets of $250 billion or more, or with foreign exposure of $10 billion or more).
The required regulatory capital minimum ratios are as follows:
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common equity Tier 1 capital ratio (common equity Tier 1 capital to standardized total risk-weighted assets) of 4.5%;
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Tier 1 capital ratio (Tier 1 capital to standardized total risk-weighted assets) of 6%;
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total capital ratio (total capital to standardized total risk-weighted assets) of 8%; and
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leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets less amounts deducted from Tier 1 capital) of 4%.
Generally, under the applicable guidelines, common equity Tier 1 capital includes common stock (plus related surplus), retained earnings and qualifying minority interests, less applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions including goodwill, intangible assets subject to limitation and certain deferred tax assets subject to limitation. In addition, under the final capital rule, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) is presumptively included in common equity Tier 1 capital, subject to a one-time opportunity for covered banking organizations to opt out of much of this treatment of AOCI. We made this opt-out election and, as a result, will retain the pre-existing treatment for AOCI. Total Tier 1 capital is comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital plus generally non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, tier 1 minority interests and, for bank holding companies with less than $15 billion in consolidated assets at December 31, 2009, certain restricted capital instruments including qualifying cumulative perpetual preferred stock and grandfathered trust preferred securities, up to a limit of 25% of Tier 1 capital, less applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Tier 2, or supplementary, capital generally includes portions of trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred stock not otherwise counted in Tier 1 capital, as well as preferred stock subordinated debt, total capital minority intersts not included in Tier 1, and the allowance for loan losses in an amount not exceeding 1.25% of standardized risk-weighted assets, less applicable regulatory adjustments and dedections. Total capital is the sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital.
The new regulatory capital requirements also include changes in the risk-weighting of assets to better reflect credit risk and other risk exposure. These include a 150% risk weight (up from 100%) for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans and for non-residential loans that are 90 days past due or otherwise in nonaccrual status; a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable; and a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing and deferred tax assets that are not deducted from capital.
The new capital guidelines also provide that all covered banking organizations must maintain a new capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital in an amount greater than 2.5% of total risk-weighted assets to avoid being subject to limitations on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The required amount of capital conservation buffer is being phased in annually beginning January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level, and increasing by that same amount on each subsequent January 1 until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019. When fully phased in, the capital conservation buffer effectively will result in a required minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 7.0%, Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 8.5% and total capital ratio of at least 10.5%. Advanced approaches banking organizations also are subject to a supplementary leverage ratio that incorporates a broader set of exposures in the denominator, as well as a countercyclical capital buffer. Failure to satisfy the capital buffer requirements will result in increasingly stringent limitations on various types of capital distributions, including dividends, share buybacks and discretionary payments on Tier 1 instruments, and discretionary bonus payments.
To assess a bank’s capital adequacy, federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have also adopted regulations to require an assessment of exposure to declines in the economic value of a bank’s capital due to changes in interest rates. Under such a risk assessment, examiners will evaluate a bank’s capital for interest rate risk on a case-by-case basis, with consideration of both quantitative and qualitative factors. Applicable considerations include the quality of the bank’s interest rate risk management process, the overall financial condition of the bank and the level of other risks at the bank for which capital is needed. Institutions with significant interest rate risk may be required to hold additional capital. The agencies also issued a joint policy statement providing guidance on interest rate risk management, including a discussion of the critical factors affecting the agencies’ evaluation of interest rate risk in connection with capital adequacy.
Prompt Corrective Action. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDI Act”), as amended by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”), among other things, identifies five capital categories for insured depository institutions (well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized) and requires the respective federal regulatory agencies to implement systems for “prompt corrective action” for insured depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements within such categories. An institution is subject to progressively more restrictive constraints on operations, management and capital distributions, depending on the category in which it is classified. Failure to meet the capital guidelines could also subject a banking institution to capital raising requirements. An FDIC-supervised insured depositary institution that is undercapitalized is required to submit a capital restoration plan to the FDIC, which plan must include a performance guarantee by its bank holding company. In addition, pursuant to the FDICIA, the various federal regulatory agencies have prescribed certain non-capital standards for safety and soundness relating generally to operations and management, asset quality and executive compensation, and such agencies may take action against a financial institution that does not meet the applicable standards.
The various federal regulatory agencies have adopted substantially similar regulations that define the five capital categories identified under the FDICIA, using the capital ratios as the relevant capital measures. The new risk-based and leverage capital guidelines incorporate the revised changes in regulatory capital described above into the prompt corrective action framework, using the total risk-based capital ratio, the Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, the common equity Tier 1 ratio, the leverage ratio (including, for certain large institutions, beginning January 1, 2018, the supplementary leverage ratio), as well as a tangible equity to total assets ratio, under which an institution’s capital adequacy will be measured for purposes of the “prompt corrective action” framework. Effective January 1, 2015, generally an insured depository institution will be treated as:
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“well capitalized” if its total risk-based capital ratio is at least 10%, its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is at least 8%, its common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is at least 6.5%, its leverage ratio is at least 5% and, if applicable, its supplementary leverage ratio is at least 6%, and if it is not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive, or prompt corrective action directive issued by its primary Federal regulator;
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“adequately capitalized” if its total risk-based capital ratio is at least 8%, its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is at least 6%, its common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is at least 4.5%, its leverage ratio is at least 4% and, if applicable, its supplementary leverage ratio is at least 3%, and it is not considered a well-capitalized institution;
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“undercapitalized” if its total risk-based capital ratio is less than 8%, its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is less than 6%, its common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is less than 4.5%, its leverage ratio is less than 4% or, if applicable, its supplementary leverage ratio is less than 3%;
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“significantly undercapitalized” if its total risk-based capital ratio is less than 6%, its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is less than 4%, its common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is less than 3%, or its leverage ratio is less than 3%; and
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“critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity (Tier 1 capital plus non-Tier 1 perpetual preferred stock) to total assets equal to or less than 2%.
Under these guidelines, the Bank was considered “well capitalized” as of December 31, 2016.
Other Safety and Soundness Regulations. The Federal Reserve Board has enforcement powers over bank holding companies and has authority to prohibit activities that represent unsafe or unsound practices or constitute violations of law, rule, regulation, administrative order or written agreement with a federal regulator. These powers may be exercised through the issuance of cease and desist orders, civil monetary penalties or other actions.
There also are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and their depositary institution subsidiaries by federal law and regulatory policy that are designed to reduce potential loss exposure to the depositors of such depository institutions and to the DIF in the event the depository institution is insolvent or is in danger of becoming insolvent. For example, a bank holding company is expected to act as a source of financial strength to each subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support each such subsidiary bank. Under this policy, the Federal Reserve may require a holding company to contribute additional capital to an undercapitalized subsidiary bank and may disapprove of the payment of dividends to the holding company’s shareholders if the Federal Reserve believes the payment of such dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice.
In addition, the “cross guarantee” provisions of federal law require insured depository institutions under common control to reimburse the FDIC for any loss suffered or reasonably anticipated by the DIF as a result of the insolvency of commonly controlled insured depository institutions or for any assistance provided by the FDIC to commonly controlled insured depository institutions in danger of failure. The FDIC may decline to enforce the cross-guarantee provisions if it determines that a waiver is in the best interests of the DIF. The FDIC’s claim for reimbursement under the cross-guarantee provisions is superior to claims of shareholders of the insured depository institution or its holding company but is subordinate to claims of depositors, secured creditors and nonaffiliated holders of subordinated debt of the commonly controlled depository institution.
Federal and state banking regulators also have broad enforcement powers over the Bank, including the power to impose fines and other civil and criminal penalties, and to appoint a conservator (with the approval of the Governor in the case of a North Carolina state bank) in order to conserve the assets of any such institution for the benefit of depositors and other creditors. The NC Commissioner also has the authority to take possession of a North Carolina state bank in certain circumstances, including, among other things, when it appears that such bank has violated its charter or any applicable laws, is conducting its business in an unauthorized or unsafe manner, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to transact its business or has an impairment of its capital stock.
In June 2010, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk taking. The guidance, which covers senior executives and other employees who have the ability to expose an institution to material amounts of risk (either individually or as part of a group), is based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that appropriately balance risk and financial results in a manner that does not encourage employees to expose their organizations to imprudent risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors. The applicable federal regulator will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as the Company, that are not “large, complex banking organizations,” based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. These supervisory findings will be included in reports of examination and will be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. The applicable federal regulator can take enforcement action against an institution if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.
Deposit Insurance and Assessments. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the DIF as administered by the FDIC, up to the applicable limits set by law (currently $250,000 for accounts under the same name and title), and are subject to the deposit insurance premium assessments of the DIF. The DIF imposes a risk-based deposit insurance premium system under which the assessment rates for an insured depository institution vary according to the level of risk incurred in its activities. Assessment rates for small banking institutions (an institution with assets of less than $10 billion) are determined based on a combination of financial ratios. The assessment rate schedule can change from time to time, at the discretion of the FDIC, subject to certain limits. Under the current system, premiums are assessed quarterly. Assessments are calculated as a percentage of average consolidated total assets less average tangible equity during the assessment period. The Dodd-Frank Act also increased the minimum designated reserve ratio of the DIF from 1.15% to 1.35% (subsequently set at 2% by the FDIC) of the estimated amount of total insured deposits.
In addition to deposit insurance assessments, insured depository institutions have been required to pay a pro rata portion of the interest due on the obligations issued by the Financing Corporation to fund the closing and disposal of failed thrift institutions by the Resolution Trust Corporation.
The FDIC may terminate the deposit insurance of any insured depository institution if it determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or the Federal Reserve. It also may suspend deposit insurance temporarily during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance, if the institution has no tangible capital. If insurance of accounts is terminated, the accounts at the institution at the time of the termination, less subsequent withdrawals, shall continue to be insured for a period of six months to two years, as determined by the FDIC. We are not aware of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.
Dividends and Repurchase Limitations. The payment of dividends and repurchase of stock by the Company are subject to certain requirements and limitations of North Carolina corporate law. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding payment of cash dividends by a bank holding company, indicating that a bank holding company generally should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the holding company’s net income for the past year is sufficient to cover the cash dividends, the holding company’s prospective rate of earnings retention is consistent with the holding company’s capital needs and overall financial condition, and the holding company is not in danger of not meeting its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios. As a bank holding company, the Company also must obtain Federal Reserve approval prior to repurchasing its Common Stock in excess of 10% of its consolidated net worth during any twelve-month period unless the Company (i) both before and after the repurchase satisfies capital requirements for "well capitalized" bank holding companies; (ii) is “well managed”; and (iii) is not the subject of any unresolved supervisory issues. For this purpose, a bank holding company will be considered to be "well-capitalized" if it maintains a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%, a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6%, and is not subject to a written agreement, order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive issued by the Federal Reserve Board to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure; and a bank holding company will be considered to be "well-managed" if it has received at least a satisfactory composite rating and at least a satisfactory rating for management, if applicable.
The Company is a legal entity separate and apart from the Bank. The primary source of funds for distributions paid by the Company, as well as funds used to pay principal and interest on the Company’s indebtedness, is dividends from the Bank, and the Bank is subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of dividends it can pay. North Carolina law provides that, subject to certain capital requirements, the Bank generally may declare a dividend out of undivided profits as the board of directors deems expedient.
In addition to the foregoing, the ability of either the Company or the Bank to pay dividends may be affected by the various minimum capital requirements and the capital and non-capital standards established under the FDICIA, as described above. For instance, as an insured depository institution, the Bank is prohibited from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, if after such distribution the institution would be “undercapitalized” (as defined). Furthermore, if in the opinion of a federal regulatory agency, a bank under its jurisdiction is engaged in or is about to engage in an unsafe or unsound practice (which, depending on the financial condition of the bank, could include the payment of dividends), such agency may require, after notice and hearing, that such bank cease and desist from such practice. The right of the Company, its shareholders and its creditors to participate in any distribution of assets or earnings of the Bank is further subject to the prior claims of creditors against the Bank.
Volcker Rule. The Dodd-Frank Act amended the BHC Act to require the federal banking regulatory agencies to adopt rules that prohibit banks and their affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and investing in and sponsoring a covered fund (such as a hedge fund and or private equity fund), commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” In December 2013, the federal banking regulatory agencies adopted a final rule construing the Volcker Rule, which was effective April 1, 2014. Banking entities will have until July 21, 2017 (unless such banking entity had filed an application for a five-year extension by the January 20, 2017 filing deadline, which, if granted would extend the compliance deadline July 21, 2022) to conform their activities to the requirements of the rule.
Interchange Fees. The Dodd-Frank Act also amended the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to require that the amount of any interchange fee charged for electronic debit transactions by debit card issuers having assets over $10 billion must be reasonable and proportional to the actual cost of a transaction to the issuer, commonly referred to as the “Durbin Amendment”. The Federal Reserve Board has adopted final rules which limit the maximum permissible interchange fees that such issuers can receive for an electronic debit transaction. Although the restrictions on interchange fees do not apply to institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, the price controls could negatively impact bankcard services income for smaller banks if the reductions that are required of larger banks cause industry-wide reduction of swipe fees.
Transactions with Affiliates of the Bank. Transactions between an insured bank and any of its affiliates are governed by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. An affiliate of a bank is any company or entity that controls or is under common control with the bank. Sections 23A and 23B, as implemented by the Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation W, (i) limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in covered transactions (including extensions of credit) with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of such bank’s capital stock and retained earnings, and limit such transactions with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20% of capital stock and retained earnings; (ii) require collateralization of between 100% and 130% for extensions of credit to an affiliate; and (iii) require that all affiliated transactions be on terms that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans, purchasing of assets, issuing of guarantees and other similar types of transactions and, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, includes securities lending, repurchase agreements and derivative activities. In addition, any covered transaction by a bank with an affiliate and any purchase of assets or services by a bank from an affiliate must be on terms that are substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the bank, as those that prevailing at the time for similar transactions with non-affiliates.
Community Reinvestment Act. Under the CRA, any insured depository institution has a continuing and affirmative obligation, consistent with its safe and sound operation, to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The CRA neither establishes specific lending requirements or programs for institutions nor limits an institution’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community. The CRA requires the FDIC, in connection with its examination of a bank, to assess the institution’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain bank applications, including applications for additional branches and acquisitions. In addition, in connection with an application by a bank holding company to acquire a bank or other bank holding company, the Federal Reserve Board is required to assess the record of each subsidiary bank of the bank holding company. Failure to adequately meet the credit needs of the community it serves could impose additional requirements or limitations on a bank or delay action on an application. The Bank received a “satisfactory” rating in its most recent CRA examination, dated April 11, 2014.
Loans to Insiders. Federal law also constrains the types and amounts of loans that the Bank may make to its executive officers, directors and principal shareholders. Among other things, these loans are limited in amount, must be approved by the Bank’s board of directors in advance, and must be on terms and conditions as favorable to the Bank as those available to an unrelated person. The Dodd-Frank Act strengthened restrictions on loans to insiders and expanded the types of transactions subject to the various limits, including derivative transactions, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending or borrowing transactions. The Dodd-Frank Act also places restrictions on certain asset sales to and from an insider to an institution, including requirements that such sales be on market terms and, in certain circumstances, approved by the institution’s board of directors.
Bank Secrecy Act; Anti-Money Laundering. We are subject to the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act (the “BSA”). The BSA gives the federal government powers to address terrorist threats through enhanced domestic security measures, expanded surveillance powers, increased information sharing, and broadened anti-money laundering requirements. The BSA takes measures intended to encourage information sharing among institutions, bank regulatory agencies and law enforcement bodies and imposes affirmative obligations on a broad range of financial institutions, including the Company. The following obligations are among those imposed by the BSA:
• Financial institutions must establish anti-money laundering programs that include, at minimum: (i) internal policies, procedures and controls; (ii) specific designation of an anti-money laundering compliance officer; (iii) ongoing employee training programs; and (iv) an independent audit function to test the anti-money laundering program.
• Financial institutions must satisfy minimum standards with respect to customer identification and verification, including adoption of a written customer identification program appropriate for the institution’s size, location and business.
• Financial institutions that establish, maintain, administer or manage private banking accounts or correspondent accounts in the United States for non-United States persons or their representatives (including foreign individuals visiting the United States) must establish appropriate, specific and where necessary, enhanced due diligence policies, procedures and controls designed to detect and report money laundering through these accounts.
• Financial institutions may not establish, maintain, administer or manage correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks (foreign banks that do not have a physical presence in any country).
• Bank regulators are directed to consider a bank’s effectiveness in combating money laundering when ruling on certain applications.
Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) and Construction and Development (“C&D”) Concentration Guidance. The federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have issued guidance designed to emphasize risk management for institutions with significant CRE and C&D loan concentrations. The guidance reinforces and enhances the FDIC’s existing regulations and guidelines for real estate lending and loan portfolio management and emphasizes the importance of strong capital and loan loss allowance levels and robust credit risk-management practices for institutions with significant CRE and C&D exposure. While the defined thresholds past which a bank is deemed to have a concentration in CRE loans prompt enhanced risk management protocols, the guidance does not establish specific lending limits. Rather, the guidance seeks to promote sound risk management practices that will enable banks to continue to pursue CRE and C&D lending in a safe and sound manner. In addition, a bank should perform periodic market analyses for the various property types and geographic markets represented in its portfolio and perform portfolio level stress tests or sensitivity analyses to quantify the impact of changing economic conditions on asset quality, earnings and capital.
Consumer Laws and Regulations. Banks are also subject to certain laws and regulations that are designed to protect consumers. Among the more prominent of such laws and regulations are the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and consumer privacy protection provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and comparable state laws. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions deal with consumers. With respect to consumer privacy, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act generally prohibits disclosure of customer information to non-affiliated third parties unless the customer has been given the opportunity to object and has not objected to such disclosure. Financial institutions are further required to disclose their privacy policies to customers annually.
The Dodd-Frank Act created the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (the “Bureau”) within the Federal Reserve System. The Bureau is tasked with establishing and implementing rules and regulations under certain federal consumer protection laws with respect to the conduct of providers of certain consumer financial products and services. The Bureau has rulemaking authority over many of the statutes governing products and services offered to bank consumers. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act permits states to adopt consumer protection laws and regulations that are more stringent than those regulations promulgated by the Bureau and state attorneys general are permitted to enforce consumer protection rules adopted by the Bureau against state-chartered institutions. The Bureau has examination and primary enforcement authority with respect to depository institutions with $10 billion or more in assets. Depository institutions with less than $10 billion in assets are subject to rules promulgated by the Bureau, but continue to be examined and supervised by federal banking regulatory agencies for consumer compliance purposes.
During 2013, the Bureau issued a series of proposed and final rules related to mortgage loan origination and mortgage loan servicing. In particular, in January 2013, the Bureau issued its final rule, which was effective January 10, 2014, on ability to repay and qualified mortgage standards to implement various requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act amending the Truth in Lending Act. The final rule requires mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information, that a borrower will have the ability to repay a mortgage loan according to its terms before making the loan. The final rule also includes a definition of a “qualified mortgage,” which provides the lender with a presumption that the ability to repay requirements has been met. This presumption is conclusive (i.e. a safe harbor) if the loan is a “prime” loan and rebuttable if the loan is a higher-priced, or subprime, loan. The ability-to-repay rule has the potential to significantly affect our business, as a borrower can challenge a loan’s status as a qualified mortgage or that the lender otherwise established the borrower’s ability to repay in a direct cause of action for three years from the origination date, or as a defense to foreclosure at any time. In addition, the value and marketability of non-qualified mortgages may be adversely affected.
Anti-Tying Restrictions. Under the BHC Act and Federal Reserve Board regulations, a bank is prohibited from engaging in certain tying or reciprocity arrangements with its customers. In general, a bank may not extend credit, lease or sell property, or furnish any services or fix or vary the consideration for these on the condition that (i) the customer obtain or provide some additional credit, property or services from or to the bank, its bank holding company or any subsidiary of the bank holding company or (ii) the customer may not obtain some other credit, property or services from a competitor of the bank, except to the extent reasonable conditions are imposed to assure the soundness of the credit extended. Certain arrangements are permissible: a bank may offer combined-balance products and may otherwise offer more favorable terms if a customer obtains two or more traditional bank products; and certain foreign transactions are exempt from the general rule. A bank holding company or any bank affiliate also is subject to anti-tying requirements in connection with electronic benefit transfer services.
Annual Disclosure Statement
This Annual Report on Form 10-K also serves as the annual disclosure statement of the Bank pursuant to Part 350 of the FDIC’s rules and regulations. This statement has not been reviewed or confirmed for accuracy or relevance by the FDIC.
Website Access to the Company’s SEC Filings
The Company maintains an Internet website at www.parksterlingbank.com (this uniform resource locator, or URL, is an inactive textual reference only and is not intended to incorporate the Company’s website into this Annual Report on Form 10-K). The Company makes available, free of charge on or through this website, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files each such report or amendment with, or furnishes it to, the SEC.
Item 1A.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information included and incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should carefully consider the risk factors and uncertainties described below in evaluating an investment in the Company’s Common Stock. If any of the events described in these risk factors actually occurs, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company, or which the Company currently deems not material, also may adversely impact the Company’s business operations. The value or market price of the Company’s Common Stock could decline due to any of these identified or other risks, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Associated With Our Growth Strategy
We may not be able to implement aspects of our growth strategy.
Our growth strategy contemplates the continued expansion of our business and operations both organically and by selective acquisitions such as through the establishment or acquisition of banks and banking offices in our market areas and other markets. Implementing these aspects of our growth strategy depends, in part, on our ability to successfully identify acquisition opportunities and strategic partners that will complement our operating philosophy and to successfully integrate their operations with ours, as well as generate loans and deposits of acceptable risk and expense. To successfully acquire or establish banks or banking offices, we must be able to correctly identify profitable or growing markets, as well as attract the necessary relationships and high caliber banking personnel to make these new banking offices profitable. In addition, we may not be able to identify suitable opportunities for further growth and expansion or, if we do, we may not be able to successfully integrate these new operations into our business. As consolidation of the financial services industry continues, the competition for suitable acquisition candidates may increase. We will compete with other financial services companies for acquisition opportunities, and many of these competitors have greater financial resources than we do and may be able to pay more for an acquisition than we are able or willing to pay. We can offer no assurance that we will have opportunities to acquire other financial institutions or acquire or establish any new branches or loan production offices, or that we will be able to negotiate, finance and complete any opportunities available to us. If we are unable to effectively implement our growth strategies, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Future expansion involves risks.
The acquisition by us of other financial institutions or parts of those institutions, or the establishment of de novo branch offices and loan production offices, involves a number of risks, including the risk that:
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we may incur substantial costs in identifying and evaluating potential acquisitions and merger partners, or in evaluating new markets, hiring experienced local managers, and opening new offices;
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our estimates and judgments used to evaluate credit, operations, management and market risks relating to target institutions may not be accurate;
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the institutions we acquire may have distressed assets and there can be no assurance that we will be able to realize the value we predict from those assets or that we will make sufficient provisions or have sufficient capital for future losses;
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we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment, or other charges related to the institutions we acquire that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations;
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there may be substantial lag-time between completing an acquisition or opening a new office and generating sufficient assets and deposits to support costs of the expansion;
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we may not be able to finance an acquisition, or the financing we obtain may have an adverse effect on our results of operations or result in dilution to our existing shareholders;
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our management’s attention in negotiating a transaction and integrating the operations and personnel of the combining businesses may be diverted from our existing business and we may not be able to successfully integrate such operations and personnel;
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our announcement of another transaction prior to completion of a merger could result in a delay in obtaining regulatory or shareholder approval for a merger, which could have the effect of limiting our ability to fully realize the expected financial benefits from the transaction;
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we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for an acquisition;
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we may enter new markets where we lack local experience or that introduce new risks to our operations, or that otherwise result in adverse effects on our results of operations;
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we may introduce new products and services we are not equipped to manage or that introduce new risks to our operations, or that otherwise result in adverse effects on our results of operations;
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we may incur intangible assets in connection with an acquisition, or the intangible assets we incur may become impaired, which results in adverse short-term effects on our results of operations;
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we may assume liabilities in connection with an acquisition, including unrecorded liabilities that are not discovered at the time of the transaction, and the repayment of those liabilities may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and stock price; or
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we may lose key employees and customers.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully integrate any banking offices that we acquire into our operations or retain the customers of those offices. If any of these risks occur in connection with our expansion efforts, it may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We may not be able to maintain our rate of growth, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We have grown rapidly since we commenced operations in October 2006, and our business strategy contemplates continued growth, both organically and through selective acquisitions. We can provide no assurance that we will continue to be successful in increasing the volume of loans and deposits or in introducing new products and services at acceptable risk levels and upon acceptable terms while managing the costs and implementation risks associated with our historical or modified organic growth strategy. We may be unable to continue to increase our volume of loans and deposits or to introduce new products and services at acceptable risk levels for a variety of reasons, including an inability to maintain capital and liquidity sufficient to support continued growth. If we are successful in continuing our growth, we cannot assure you that further growth would offer the same levels of potential profitability or that we would be successful in controlling costs and maintaining asset quality. Accordingly, an inability to maintain growth, or an inability to effectively manage growth, could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
New bank office facilities and other facilities may not be profitable.
We may not be able to organically expand into new markets that are profitable for our franchise. The costs to start up new bank branches and loan production offices in new markets, other than through acquisitions, and the additional costs to operate these facilities would increase our noninterest expense and may decrease our earnings. It may be difficult to adequately and profitably manage our growth through the establishment of bank branches or loan production offices in new markets. In addition, we can provide no assurance that our expansion into any such new markets will successfully attract enough new business to offset the expenses of the operation of new bank branches or loan production offices. If we are not able to do so, our earnings may be negatively impacted.
Acquisition of assets and assumption of liabilities may expose us to intangible asset risk, which could impact our results of operations and financial condition.
In connection with any acquisitions, as required by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we will record assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value, and, as such, acquisitions may result in us recording intangible assets, including deposit intangibles and goodwill. We will perform a goodwill valuation at least annually to test for goodwill impairment. Impairment testing is a two-step process that first compares the fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount, and second measures impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Adverse conditions in our business climate, including a significant decline in future operating cash flows, a significant change in our stock price or market capitalization, or a deviation from our expected growth rate and performance, may significantly affect the fair value of any goodwill and may trigger impairment losses, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The continued success of our growth strategy depends on our ability to identify and retain individuals with experience and relationships in the markets in which we intend to expand.
Our growth strategy contemplates that we will continue to expand our business and operations in the Carolinas and Virginia. We intend to primarily target market areas that we believe possess attractive demographic, economic or competitive characteristics. To the extent we expand into new markets, we must identify and retain experienced key management members with local expertise and relationships in these markets. Competition for qualified personnel in the markets in which we may expand may be intense, and there may be a limited number of qualified persons with knowledge of and experience in the commercial banking industry in these markets. Even if we identify individuals that we believe could assist us in establishing a presence in a new market, we may be unable to recruit these individuals away from other banks or be unable to do so at a reasonable cost. In addition, the process of identifying and recruiting individuals with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategy is often lengthy. Our inability to identify, recruit and retain talented personnel to manage new offices effectively would limit our growth and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may need additional access to capital, which we may be unable to obtain on attractive terms or at all.
We may need to incur additional debt or equity financing in the future to make strategic acquisitions or investments, for future growth or to fund losses or additional provision for loan losses in the future. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend in part on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial performance. Accordingly, we may be unable to raise additional capital, if and when needed, on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations through internal growth and acquisitions could be materially impaired.
Risks Associated With Our Business
Our business may be adversely affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions generally.
Our financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of borrowers to pay interest on and repay principal of outstanding loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, as well as demand for loans and other products and services that we offer, is highly dependent upon the business and economic environment in the primary markets in which we operate and in the United States as a whole. Although there has been improvement in general economic conditions in the United States since the recession experienced in 2007-2009, with evidence of stabilizing home prices and a reduction in unemployment levels, economic growth and business activity across a wide range of industries and regions in the United States has been slow and uneven, underemployment and household debt levels remain elevated and interest rates remain historically low. There can be no assurance that that economic conditions will continue to improve, and they may worsen.
Our business also is impacted by the domestic and international financial markets. Uncertainties about the financial stability and growth rates of non-U.S. jurisdictions, and the risk that those jurisdictions may face difficulties servicing their sovereign debt, can lead to stresses on financial markets and global economic conditions generally, including economic conditions in the United States.
Economic pressure on consumers and uncertainty regarding continuing economic improvement may result in changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing and savings habits. A return of recessionary conditions or negative developments in global financial markets or economies may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the value of our loans and investments and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability. In particular, negative developments in our current and target markets could drive losses beyond those that are or will be provided for in our allowance for loan losses and result in the following consequences:
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increases in loan delinquencies;
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increases in nonperforming loans and foreclosures;
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decreases in demand for our products and services, which could adversely affect our liquidity position;
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decreases in the value of the collateral securing loans, especially real estate, which could reduce customers’ borrowing power;
decreases in the values of our investment securities, which could lead to write-downs negatively impacting our earnings; and
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decreases in the ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all.
Changes in the policies of monetary authorities and other governmental action could adversely affect our profitability.
Our business and results of operations also are affected by fiscal and monetary policy. The actions of the Federal Reserve Board in the United States, and central banks internationally, regulate the supply of money and credit and the global financial system, impacting the cost of funds for lending, investing and capital-raising activities and the return earned on those loans and investments, both of which affect net interest margin. The actions of monetary authorities also can affect the value of financial instruments and other assets. Changes in domestic and international fiscal and monetary policies are beyond our control and difficult to predict but could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our estimated allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover actual loan losses, which could adversely affect our earnings.
We maintain an allowance for loan losses in an attempt to cover loan losses inherent in our loan portfolio. The determination of the allowance for loan losses, which represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in our credit portfolio, involves a high degree of judgment and complexity. Our policy is to establish reserves for estimated losses on delinquent and other problem loans when it is determined that losses are expected to be incurred on such loans. At December 31, 2016, our allowance for loan losses totaled approximately $12.1 million, which represented 0.50% of total loans and 93.69% of total nonperforming loans. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on various factors, including an evaluation of the portfolio, current economic conditions, the volume and type of lending conducted by us, composition of the portfolio, the amount of our classified assets, seasoning of the loan portfolio, the status of past due principal and interest payments and other relevant factors. Changes in such estimates may have a significant impact on our financial statements. If our assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect, our current allowance may not be sufficient and adjustments may be necessary to allow for different economic conditions or adverse developments in our loan portfolio. In addition, we may be required to increase the allowance due to the conditions of loans acquired as result of our acquisitions of financial institutions should the remaining acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments for such loans be judged inadequate relative to their estimated future performance. Federal and state regulators also periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different from those of management. However, no assurance can be given that the allowance will be adequate to cover loan losses inherent in our loan portfolio, and we may experience losses in our loan portfolio or perceive adverse conditions and trends that may require us to significantly increase our allowance for loan losses in the future. Any increase in our allowance for loan losses would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, which could be material.
If our nonperforming assets increase, our earnings will suffer.
At December 31, 2016, our nonperforming assets totaled approximately $12.9 million, or 0.47% of total assets. Our nonperforming assets adversely affect our earnings in various ways. We do not record interest income on nonaccrual loans or other real estate owned (“OREO”). We must reserve for probable losses, which is established through a current period charge to the provision for loan losses as well write-downs from time to time, as appropriate, of the value of properties in our OREO portfolio to reflect changing market values. Additionally, there are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets as well as carrying costs such as taxes, insurance and maintenance related to our OREO. Further, the resolution of nonperforming assets requires the active involvement of management, which can distract them from more profitable activity. Finally, if our estimate for the recorded allowance for loan losses proves to be incorrect and our allowance is inadequate, we will have to increase the allowance accordingly and as a result our earnings may be adversely affected.
Our concentration in loans secured by real estate, particularly commercial real estate and construction and development, may increase our loan losses.
We offer a variety of secured loans, including commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, real estate, construction, home equity, consumer and other loans. Many of our loans are secured by real estate (both residential and commercial) in our market areas. Consequently, declines in economic conditions in these market areas may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loan portfolios are more geographically diverse.
At December 31, 2016, approximately 81% of our loans had real estate as a primary or secondary component of collateral, with 18% of those loans secured by construction and development collateral. The real estate collateral in each case provides an alternate source of repayment in the event of default by the borrower and may deteriorate in value during the time the credit is extended. If we are required to liquidate the collateral securing a loan to satisfy the debt during a period of reduced real estate values, our earnings and capital could be adversely affected. Real estate values declined significantly during the recession experienced in 2007-2009. Although real estate prices in most of our markets have since stabilized or are improved, a renewed decline in real estate values could adversely affect the value of the collateral for all loans secured by real estate which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Commercial real estate loans are generally viewed as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans, particularly when there is a downturn in the business cycle. They are also typically larger than residential real estate loans and consumer loans and depend on cash flows from the owner’s business or the property to service the debt. Cash flows may be affected significantly by general economic conditions and a downturn in the local economy or in occupancy rates in the local economy where the property is located, each of which could increase the likelihood of default on the loan. Because our loan portfolio contains a number of commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in the percentage of nonperforming loans. An increase in nonperforming loans could result in a loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loan losses and an increase in charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Banking regulators are examining commercial real estate lending activity with heightened scrutiny and may require banks with higher levels of commercial real estate loans to implement improved underwriting, internal controls, risk management policies and portfolio stress testing, as well as possibly higher levels of allowances for losses and capital levels as a result of commercial real estate lending growth and exposures. Beginning with the First Capital acquisition and at December 31, 2016, the Bank’s concentration in commercial real estate (CRE) and construction and development (C&D) loans exceeded the thresholds specified in the federal banking agencies’ guidance emphasizing the need for enhanced risk management activities over the CRE and C&D concentrations. As a result, the Bank has instituted enhanced risk management activities which are reviewed periodically with the Company’s Board of Directors. While we believe that such actions address the general concern expressed in this regulatory guidance, if the banking regulators determine that additional actions are necessary, such as restricting our ability to originate certain types of loans until concentrations are reduced or requiring an increase to the allowance for loan losses, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Since we engage in lending secured by real estate and may be forced to foreclose on the collateral property and own the underlying real estate, we may be subject to the increased costs associated with the ownership of real property, which could adversely impact our results of operations and stock price.
Since we originate loans secured by real estate, we may have to foreclose on the collateral property to protect our investment and may thereafter own and operate such property, in which case we are exposed to the risks inherent in the ownership of real estate. The amount that we, as a mortgagee, may realize after a default is dependent upon factors outside of our control, including, but not limited to: general or local economic conditions; environmental cleanup liability; neighborhood values; interest rates; real estate tax rates; operating expenses of the mortgaged properties; supply of and demand for rental units or properties; ability to obtain and maintain adequate occupancy of the properties; zoning laws; governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies; and acts of God. Certain expenditures associated with the ownership of real estate, principally real estate taxes and maintenance costs, may adversely affect the income from the real estate. Therefore, the cost of operating income-producing real property may exceed the rental income earned from such property, and we may have to advance funds in order to protect our investment or we may be required to dispose of the real property at a loss.
We maintain a number of large lending relationships, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations if our borrowers were not to perform according to the terms of these loans.
Our ten largest lending relationships (including aggregate exposure to guarantors) at December 31, 2016, range from $15.0 million to $33.7 million and averaged $18.9 million. None of these lending relationships was included in nonperforming loans at December 31, 2016. The deterioration of one or more large relationship loans could result in a significant increase in our nonperforming loans and our provision for loan losses, which would negatively impact our results of operations.
The FDIC deposit insurance assessments that we are required to pay may increase in the future, which would have an adverse effect on our earnings.
As an insured depository institution, we are required to pay quarterly deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC to maintain the level of the FDIC deposit insurance reserve ratio. The failures of many financial institutions during and following the recession experienced in 2007-2009 significantly increased the loss provisions of the DIF, resulting in a decline in the reserve ratio. As a result, the FDIC revised its assessment rates which raised deposit premiums for certain insured depository institutions. If these increases are insufficient for the DIF to meet its funding requirements, further special assessments or increases in deposit insurance premiums may be required. The Company is generally unable to control the amount of premiums that it is required to pay for FDIC insurance. If there are additional bank or financial institution failures, the FDIC may increase the deposit insurance assessment rates. Any future assessments, increases or required prepayments in FDIC insurance premiums may materially adversely affect our earnings.
Our net interest income could be negatively affected by interest rate changes.
As a financial institution, our earnings are dependent upon our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income that we earn on interest-earning assets, such as investment securities and loans, and the interest expense that we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Therefore, any change in general market interest rates, including changes resulting from changes in the Federal Reserve Board’s policies, affects us more than non-financial institutions and can have a significant effect on our net interest income and total income. Our assets and liabilities may react differently to changes in overall market rates or conditions because there may be mismatches between the repricing or maturity characteristics of our assets and liabilities that could cause the net interest rate spread to compress, depending on the level and type of changes in the interest rate environment. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and actions by monetary and fiscal authorities, including the Federal Reserve Board. A significant reduction in our net interest income will adversely affect our business and results of operations. Thus, if we are unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed.
The Federal Reserve Board raised interest rates by 25 basis points in December 2015 and again by 25 basis points in December 2016 after having held interest rates at almost zero over recent years. However, the consistently low rate environment has negatively impacted our net interest margin, notwithstanding decreases in nonperforming loans and improvements in deposit mix. Any reduction in net interest income will negatively affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and/or cash flows.
The primary tool that management uses to measure short-term interest rate risk is a net interest income simulation model prepared by an independent correspondent bank. As of December 31, 2016, the Company is considered to be in an asset-sensitive position, meaning income and capital are generally expected to increase with an increase in short-term interest rates and, conversely, to decrease with a decrease in short-term interest rates. Based on the results of this simulation model, which assumed a static environment with no contemplated asset growth or changes in our balance sheet management strategies, if short-term interest rates immediately decreased by 200 basis points, we could expect net interest income to decrease by approximately $6.9 million over a 12-month period. This result is primarily due to the current low interest rate environment, under which interest rates on the Company’s average interest-bearing liabilities cannot benefit fully from a 200 basis point rate reduction, without turning negative, while yields on our average interest-earning assets could decline by 200 basis points. Furthermore, if short-term interest rates increase by 200 basis points, simulation modeling predicts net interest income would increase by approximately $2.1 million over a 12-month period as a result of our asset-sensitive position. The simulation model uses several critical assumptions, such as the pace at which deposits may reprice in a rising or falling interest rate environment. The actual amount of any increase or decrease may be higher or lower than predicted by our simulation model.
Declines in the value of investment securities held by us could require write-downs, which would reduce our earnings.
In order to diversify earnings and enhance liquidity, we own both debt and equity instruments of government agencies, municipalities and other companies. We may be required to record impairment charges on our investment securities if they suffer a decline in value that is considered other-than-temporary. Additionally, the value of these investments may fluctuate depending on the interest rate environment, general economic conditions and circumstances specific to the issuer of the securities. Volatile market conditions may detrimentally affect the value of these securities, such as through reduced valuations due to the perception of heightened credit or liquidity risks. Changes in the value of these instruments may result in a reduction to earnings and/or capital, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We have recorded significant deferred tax assets, and we might never realize their full value, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
At December 31, 2016, the Company had recorded $25.7 million in net deferred tax assets which management believed was more-likely-than-not realizable and, therefore, a valuation allowance was not considered necessary. Deferred tax assets are designed to reduce current income taxes in subsequent periods and arise, in part, as a result of the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. Management periodically evaluates the carrying amount of our deferred tax asset to determine if it is realizable. If, based on available information, it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized, we would have to establish a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets, with a corresponding charge to net income. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income based on management forecasts as well as tax planning and other strategies that may be available to us, which requires significant judgment by management about matters that are by nature uncertain. If future events differ significantly from our current forecasts, we may need to establish a valuation allowance, which would result in a charge to earnings in the period the determination is made and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
A reduction in future enacted tax rates could have a material impact to the value of our deferred tax assets.
Our net deferred tax assets are measured using the tax rates under the current enacted tax law expected to apply to taxable income in future years. The effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated in the determination of the value of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. The U.S. Congress and the current administration have indicated an interest in, among other changes to federal tax laws, lowering the federal corporate tax rate from the current 35% to as low as 15%. It is difficult to predict whether any change to the federal corporate tax rate will occur, or if any change to the federal corporate tax rate did occur, the magnitude or timing of any change. Although any reduction in the corporate tax rate would reduce the amount of taxes we would pay in the future, the reduction also would result in a decrease in the value of our deferred tax asset, and thus a reduction in our net income and total equity, during the period in which any such tax rate change is enacted. This reduction in our net income and total equity could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to extensive regulation that could limit or restrict our activities.
We operate in a highly regulated industry and currently are subject to examination, supervision and comprehensive regulation by the NC Commissioner, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve Board. Our compliance with these regulations is costly and restricts certain of our activities, including payment of dividends, mergers and acquisitions, investments, loans and interest rates charged, locations of offices, and the ability to accept brokered deposits. We must also meet regulatory capital requirements. If we fail to meet these capital and other regulatory requirements, our financial condition, liquidity, deposit funding strategy and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected. Our failure to remain well capitalized and well managed for regulatory purposes could affect customer confidence, the ability to execute our business strategies, the ability to grow our assets or establish new branches, the ability to obtain or renew brokered deposits, our cost of funds and FDIC insurance, the ability to pay dividends on or repurchase shares of our Common Stock and the ability to make acquisitions.
The laws and regulations applicable to the banking industry could change at any time, and we cannot predict the effects of these changes on our business and profitability. For example, new legislation or regulation could limit the manner in which we may conduct our business, including our ability to obtain financing, attract deposits and make loans. Many of these regulations are intended to protect depositors, the public and the FDIC, not shareholders. In addition, the burden imposed by these regulations may place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors who are less regulated. The laws, regulations, interpretations and enforcement policies that apply to us have been subject to significant change in recent years, sometimes retroactively applied, and may change significantly in the future.
The Dodd-Frank Act represents a significant overhaul of many aspects of the regulation of the financial-services industry, including new or revised regulation of such things as systemic risk, capital adequacy, deposit insurance assessments and consumer financial protection. The federal banking regulators have adopted new regulatory capital rules applicable to United States banking organizations. Complying with these and other new legislative or regulatory requirements, and any programs established thereunder, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, recent government policy has advocated for significant reduction of financial services regulation, including amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act, which could create additional uncertainty associated with the manner in which the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will be implemented by the various regulatory agencies and through regulations, or amended as a result of government policy. As a result, the full extent of the impact such requirements will have on financial institutions’ operations is unclear.
Our success depends significantly on economic conditions in our market areas.
Unlike larger organizations that are more geographically diversified, our banking offices are currently concentrated in North Carolina, South Carolina, North Georgia, and Richmond, Virginia, and we expect that our banking offices will remain primarily concentrated in North Carolina, South Carolina, North Georgia and Virginia. As a result of this geographic concentration, our financial results will depend largely upon economic conditions in these market areas. If the communities in which we operate do not grow or if prevailing economic conditions, locally or nationally, deteriorate, this may have a significant impact on the amount of loans that we originate, the ability of our borrowers to repay these loans and the value of the collateral securing these loans. A return to economic downturn conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment, government action or other factors beyond our control would likely contribute to the deterioration of the quality of our loan portfolio and reduce our level of deposits, which in turn would have an adverse effect on our business.
In addition, some portions of our target market are in coastal areas, which are susceptible to hurricanes and tropical storms. Such weather events can disrupt our operations, result in damage to our properties, decrease the value of real estate collateral for our loans and negatively affect the local economies in which we operate. We cannot predict whether or to what extent damage that may be caused by future hurricanes or other weather events will affect our operations or the economies in our market areas, but such weather events could result in a decline in loan originations, a decline in the value or destruction of properties securing our loans and an increase in delinquencies, foreclosures and loan losses. Our business or results of operations may be adversely affected by these and other negative effects of hurricanes or other significant weather events.
If we lose key employees, our business may suffer.
Our operating results and ability to adequately manage our growth and minimize loan losses is highly dependent on the services, managerial abilities and performance of our current executive officers and other key personnel, many of whom have significant local experience and contacts within our market areas. If we lose key employees temporarily or permanently, this could disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
To be profitable, we must compete successfully with other financial institutions that have greater resources and capabilities than we do.
The banking business in our target markets is highly competitive. Many of our existing and potential competitors are larger and have greater resources than we do and have been in existence a longer period of time. We compete with these institutions in both attracting deposits and originating loans. We may not be able to attract customers away from our competition. We compete for loans and deposits with other commercial banks; savings banks; thrifts; trust companies; credit unions; securities brokerage firms; mortgage brokers; insurance companies; mutual funds; and industrial loan companies.
Competitors that are not depository institutions are generally not regulated as extensively as we are and, therefore, may have greater flexibility in competing for business. Other competitors are subject to similar regulation but have the advantages of larger established customer bases, higher lending limits, extensive branch networks, greater advertising and marketing budgets or other factors.
Our legal lending limit is determined by law and is calculated as a percentage of our capital and unimpaired surplus. The size of the loans that we are able to offer to our customers is less than the size of the loans that larger competitors are able to offer. This limit may affect our success in establishing relationships with the larger businesses in our market. We may not be able to successfully compete with the larger banks in our target markets.
Our liquidity needs could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our primary sources of funds are deposits and loan repayments. While scheduled loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, they are subject to the ability of borrowers to repay the loans. The ability of borrowers to repay loans can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, changes in economic conditions, adverse trends or events affecting business industry groups, reductions in real estate values or markets, availability of, and/or access to, sources of refinancing, business closings or lay-offs, inclement weather, natural disasters and international instability. Additionally, deposit levels may be affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, regulatory capital requirements, returns available to customers on alternative investments and general economic conditions. Accordingly, we may be required from time to time to rely on secondary sources of liquidity to meet withdrawal demands or otherwise fund operations. Such sources include FHLB advances, sales of securities and loans, federal funds lines of credit from correspondent banks and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, as well as additional out-of-market time deposits and brokered deposits. While we currently believe that these sources are adequate, there can be no assurance they will be sufficient to meet future liquidity demands, particularly if we continue to grow and experience increasing loan demand. We may be required to slow or discontinue loan growth, capital expenditures or other investments or liquidate assets should such sources not be adequate.
We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about customers and counterparties, which, if incorrect or incomplete, could harm our earnings.
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with customers and counterparties, we rely on information furnished to us by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements and other financial information. We also may rely on representations of customers, counterparties or other third parties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to financial statements, on reports of independent auditors. For example, in deciding whether to extend credit to customers, we may assume that a customer’s audited financial statements conform to GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the customer. Our earnings are significantly affected by our ability to properly originate, underwrite and service loans. Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted to the extent we incorrectly assess the creditworthiness of our borrowers, fail to detect or respond to deterioration in asset quality in a timely manner, or rely on information provided to us, such as financial statements that do not comply with GAAP and may be materially misleading.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led in the past, and could lead in the future, to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or customer. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the financial instrument exposure due to us. There can be no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Negative public opinion could damage our reputation and adversely impact our earnings.
Reputation risk, or the risk to our business, earnings and capital from negative public opinion, is inherent in our operations. Negative public opinion can result from our actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate governance and acquisitions, and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in response to those activities. Negative public opinion can adversely affect our ability to keep and attract customers and employees and can expose us to litigation and regulatory action and adversely impact our results of operations. Although we take steps to minimize reputation risk in dealing with our customers and communities, this risk will always be present given the nature of our business.
Failure to keep pace with technological changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The financial services industry is constantly undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better service customers and reduce costs. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy client demands, as well as create additional efficiencies within our operations. Many of our large competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement now technology-driven products and services quickly or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could disrupt our businesses, and adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm.
Our operational and security systems, infrastructure, including our computer systems, data management, and internal processes, as well as those of third parties, are integral to our business. In addition, we rely on our employees and third parties in our day-to-day and ongoing operations, who may, as a result of human error, misconduct or malfeasance or failure or breach of third-party systems or infrastructure, expose us to risk. We have taken measures to implement backup systems and other safeguards to support our operations, but our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant disruptions to us or to third parties with whom we interact. In addition, our ability to implement backup systems and other safeguards with respect to third-party systems is more limited than with respect to our own systems.
Our financial, accounting, data processing, check processing, electronic funds transfer, loan processing, online and mobile banking, automated teller machines (“ATMs”), backup or other operating or security systems and infrastructure may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, which could adversely affect our ability to process these transactions or provide these services. There could be sudden increases in customer transaction volume, electrical, telecommunications outages or other major physical infrastructure outages, natural disasters, events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including terrorist acts, and cyber attacks. We continuously update these systems to support our operations and growth. This updating entails significant costs and creates risks associated with implementing new systems and integrating them with existing ones. Operational risk exposures could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm.
A cyber attack, information or security breach, or a technology failure of ours or of a third party, could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business or manage our exposure to risk, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, increase our costs to maintain and update our operational and security systems and infrastructure, and adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, as well as cause reputational harm.
Our business is highly dependent on the security and efficacy of our infrastructure, computer and data management systems, as well as those of third parties with whom we interact. Cyber security risks for financial institutions have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties, including foreign state actors. Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission, storage and retrieval of confidential, proprietary and other information in our computer and data management systems and networks, and in the computer and data management systems and networks of third parties. We rely on digital technologies, computer, database and email systems, software, and networks to conduct our operations. In addition, to access our network, products and services, our customers and third parties may use personal mobile devices or computing devices that are outside of our network environment. Financial services institutions have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, cyber attacks, including computer viruses, malicious or destructive code, phishing attacks, denial of service or information or other security breaches, that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information of the institution, its employees or customers or of third parties, or otherwise materially disrupt network access or business operations. For example, denial of service attacks have been launched against a number of large financial services institutions. Additionally, several large retailers have disclosed substantial cyber security breaches affecting debit and credit card accounts of their customers[, some of whom were our cardholders]. Although we have not experienced any cyber security incidents in the past, we anticipate that, as a growing regional bank, we could experience such incidents, and there can be no assurance that we will not suffer material losses or other material consequences relating to technology failure, cyber attacks or other information or other security breaches or other consequences in the future. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents.
We also face indirect technology, cyber security and operational risks relating to the third parties with whom we do business or upon whom we rely to facilitate or enable our business activities. Each of these third parties faces the risk of cyber attack, information breach or loss, or technology failure. Any such cyber attack, information breach or loss, or technology failure of a third party could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to effect transactions, service our clients, manage our exposure to risk or expand our businesses.
Any of the matters discussed above could result in our loss of customers and business opportunities, significant business disruption to our operations and business, misappropriation or destruction of our confidential information and/or that of our customers, or damage to our customers’ and/or third parties’ computers or systems, and could result in a violation of applicable privacy laws and other laws, litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, loss of confidence in our security measures, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, and additional compliance costs. In addition, any of the matters described above could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
We may issue additional shares of stock or equity derivative securities, including awards to current and future executive officers, directors and employees, which could result in the dilution of shareholders’ investment.
Our authorized capital includes 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2016, we had 53,116,519 shares of Common Stock outstanding, including approximately 405,732 shares that have voting rights but no economic interest related to unvested shares of restricted stock, and had reserved or otherwise set aside for issuance 1,405,515 shares underlying outstanding options and 635,239 shares that are available for future grants of stock options, restricted stock or other equity-based awards pursuant to our equity incentive plans. Subject to NASDAQ rules, our board of directors generally has the authority to issue all or part of any authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or preferred stock for any corporate purpose. We anticipate that we would issue additional equity in connection with the selective acquisition of other strategic partners and that in the future we could seek additional equity capital as we develop our business and expand our operations, depending on the timing and magnitude of any particular future acquisition. These issuances would dilute the ownership interests of existing shareholders and may dilute the per share book value of the Common Stock. New investors also may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to, and that adversely affect, our then existing shareholders.
In addition, the issuance of shares under our equity compensation plans will result in dilution of our shareholders’ ownership of our Common Stock. The exercise price of stock options could also adversely affect the terms on which we can obtain additional capital. Option holders are most likely to exercise their options when the exercise price is less than the market price for our Common Stock. They may profit from any increase in the stock price without assuming the risks of ownership of the underlying shares of Common Stock by exercising their options and selling the stock immediately.
Our stock price may be volatile, which could result in losses to our investors and litigation against us.
Our stock price has been volatile in the past and several factors could cause the price to fluctuate in the future. These factors include, but are not limited to actual or anticipated variations in earnings, changes in analysts’ recommendations or projections, our announcement of developments related to our businesses, operations and stock performance of other companies deemed to be peers, new technology used or services offered by traditional and nontraditional competitors, news reports of trends and concerns and other issues related to the financial services industry. Fluctuations in our stock price may be unrelated to our performance. General market declines or market volatility in the future, especially in the financial institutions sector, could adversely affect the price of our Common Stock, and the current market price may not be indicative of future market prices.
Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for you to resell our Common Stock when you want and at prices you find attractive. Moreover, in the past, securities class action lawsuits have been instituted against some companies following periods of fluctuation in the market price of their securities. We could in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our normal business, which could result in losses to investors.
Future sales of our Common Stock by shareholders or the perception that those sales could occur may cause our Common Stock price to decline.
Although our Common Stock is listed for trading on NASDAQ, the trading volume in the Common Stock may be lower than that of other larger financial services companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of the Common Stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. Given the potential for lower relative trading volume in the Common Stock, significant sales of the Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the trading price of our Common Stock to decline or to be lower than it otherwise might be in the absence of those sales or perceptions.
State laws and provisions in our articles of incorporation or bylaws could make it more difficult for another company to purchase us, even though such a purchase may increase shareholder value.
In many cases, shareholders may receive a premium for their shares if we were purchased by another company. State law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws could make it difficult for anyone to purchase us without approval of our board of directors. For example, our articles of incorporation divide our board of directors into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms with approximately one-third of the board of directors elected at each annual meeting of shareholders. This classification of directors makes it difficult for shareholders to change the composition of our board of directors. As a result, at least two annual meetings of shareholders would be required for the shareholders to change a majority of directors, whether or not a change in the board of directors would be beneficial and whether or not a majority of shareholders believe that such a change would be desirable.
Our ability to pay dividends is limited and we may be unable to pay future dividends.
Our board of directors initiated payment of cash dividends in 2013. However, any future declaration of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including our future earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, regulatory restrictions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. We make no assurances that we will pay any dividends in the future. The holders of our Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends only when and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. As part of our consideration to pay cash dividends, we intend to retain adequate funds from future earnings to support the development and growth of our business.
Moreover, we are a bank holding company that is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank. As a result, our ability to make dividend payments, if any, on our Common Stock depends primarily upon receipt of dividends and other distributions received from the Bank. Various federal and state regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to us and that we may pay to our shareholders. It is the policy of the Federal Reserve Board that bank holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of net income available over the past year and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition.
Your right to receive liquidation and dividend payments on our Common Stock is junior to our existing and future indebtedness and to any other senior securities we may issue in the future.
Shares of our Common Stock are equity interests in the Company and do not constitute indebtedness. This means that shares of our Common Stock will rank junior to all of our indebtedness and to other nonequity claims against us and our assets available to satisfy claims against us, including in our liquidation. As of December 31, 2016, we had outstanding approximately $29.7 million under a senior loan facility and approximately $48.0 million (excluding acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments) aggregate principal amount of a subordinated loan and junior subordinated debt which, in addition to our other liabilities, would be senior in right of payment to our Common Stock. We also may incur additional indebtedness from time to time without the approval of the holders of our Common Stock.
Our common shareholders also are subject to the prior dividend and liquidation rights of any preferred stock outstanding from time to time. Our board of directors is authorized to issue classes or series of preferred stock in the future without any action on the part of our common shareholders.
In addition, our right to participate in, and thus the ability of our shareholders to benefit indirectly from, any distribution of assets of the Bank or any other subsidiary we may have from time to time upon the subsidiary’s liquidation or otherwise, will be subject to the prior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent any of our claims as a creditor of the subsidiary may be recognized. As a result, our Common Stock effectively will be subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations of the Bank and any other subsidiaries we may have.
Our Common Stock is not insured by the FDIC.
Our Common Stock is not a savings or deposit account, and is not insured by the FDIC or any other governmental agency and is subject to risk, including the possible loss of all or some principal.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. Properties
The Company leases space in a building located at 1043 E. Morehead Street, Charlotte, North Carolina that serves as its corporate headquarters and the Bank’s main branch office location. The Company also leases space in a building adjacent to the Morehead Street location to accommodate the Company’s expanded operations. Both of the buildings are owned by an entity with respect to which a former director is president.
At February 28, 2017, the Bank operated 55 full service branches and one drive through facility located in North Carolina, South Carolina, North Georgia and Virginia. The Bank leases seventeen of these branches and the remaining properties are owned. Management believes the terms of the various leases are consistent with market standards and were arrived at through arm’s length bargaining. Additional information relating to premise, equipment and lease commitments is set forth in Note 8 - Premises and Equipment or Note 14 - Leases to the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and the notes thereto, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”).
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be a party to various legal proceedings from time to time. There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or of which any of its property is subject. In addition, the Company is not aware of any threatened litigation, unasserted claims or assessments that could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results or financial condition.
Item 4.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Common Stock Market Prices; Dividends
The Company’s Common Stock is traded publicly on NASDAQ under the symbol “PSTB”. The following table summarizes and sets forth the high and low closing sales prices of the Common Stock on NASDAQ and dividends declared per share for the periods indicated:
As of February 28, 2017, there were 53,109,406 shares of our Common Stock outstanding held by approximately 2,000 shareholders of record.
Under North Carolina law, we are authorized to pay dividends as declared by our board of directors, provided that no such distribution results in our insolvency on a going concern or balance sheet basis. On July 26, 2013, our board of directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend to our common shareholders. Future dividends will be subject to board approval. As we are a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank, our principal source of funds with which we can pay dividends to our shareholders is dividends we receive from the Bank. For that reason, our ability to pay dividends is subject to the limitations that apply to the Bank. For more information on applicable restrictions on the payment of dividends, see Note 13 - Regulatory Matters to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the section captioned “Supervision and Regulation- Dividend and Repurchase Limitations” under Part I, Item 1, “Business” of this report.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
We did not sell any of our equity securities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Repurchase of Equity Securities
The following table provides information regarding the purchase of equity securities by the Company during the three months ended December 31, 2016:
(1)
Included in the total number of shares purchased are 934 and 111,371 shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired by the Company in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock in October and December, respectively.
(2)
Represents the number of shares remaining available to be repurchased as of period end under the Company’s share repurchase program approved on October 29, 2014, which expired on November 1, 2016.
(3)
On October 27, 2016, the board of directors approved a new share repurchase program, effective November 1, 2016, to replace the expiring program. Under the new share repurchase program, which expires November 1, 2018, the Company may repurchase up to 2,650,000 shares from time to time, depending on market conditions and other factors.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return (“CTSR”) of our Common Stock during the previous five years with the CTSR over the same measurement period of the S&P 500 Index, the Keefe Bruyette & Woods (“KBW”) Bank Index and the KBW Regional Bank Index. Each trend line assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2011 and that all dividends were reinvested.
The foregoing performance graph and related information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C or to the liabilities of Section 18 under the Exchange Act, nor shall it be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into any such filing.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following selected consolidated financial data for the five years ended December 31, 2016 are derived from our consolidated financial statements and other data. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements. Year-to-year financial information comparability is affected by the transaction expenses and the accounting treatment of our acquisitions as described in Part I, Item 1. “Business” and in Note 3 - Business Combinations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(1)
Revised to reflect measurement period adjustments to goodwill.
(2)
On July 26, 2013, our board of directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend to our common shareholders. Future dividends are subject to board approval.
(3)
Net interest margin is presented on a tax equivalent basis.
(4)
Calculated by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. Gains and losses on sales of securities and OREO are excluded from the calculation.
(5)
Calculated by dividing total liquid assets by net deposits and short-term liabilities.
(6)
Non-GAAP Financial Measure. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in Item 7.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of our financial position and results of operations and should be read in conjunction with the information set forth in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Executive Overview
The Company experienced strong financial performance in 2016 and continued growth. We reported net income of $19.9 million, or $0.38 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to net income of $16.6 million, or $0.37 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2015. Excluding merger-related expenses and (loss)/gain on sale of securities, we reported adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $27.2 million, or $0.52 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $17.8 million, or $0.40 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2015. Merger-related expenses totaled $10.9 million in 2016 compared to $1.7 million in 2015. Loss on sale of securities totaled $87 thousand in 2016 compared to a gain on sale of securities of $54 thousand in 2015. Comparability of results for the periods presented is impacted by the acquisitions of First Capital on January 1, 2016 and Provident Community on May 1, 2014. Results for 2016 include a full year of operating results from First Capital and Provident Community; results for 2015 include a full year of operating results from Provident Community; and results for 2014 include eight months of operating results from Provident Community. Financial performance highlights for 2016 include:
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An increase in net interest income of $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $105 million representing a 29% increase from 2015, driven by organic loan growth as well as the acquisition of First Capital
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Loan and loans held for sale grew by $673.4 million and total deposits rose by $561.1 million in 2016, reflecting healthy organic growth and the acquisition of First Capital
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Growth in noninterest income of $3.2 million to $21.4 million in 2016, a 17% increase from 2015, reflecting growth in service charge income, mortgage banking fee income and capital markets activities
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Noninterest expense rose $20.1 million in 2016 to $94.2 million, up 27% over 2015 driven by the inclusion of First Capital and $10.9 million in merger-related activities
●
Asset quality remained strong as nonperforming assets totaled 0.47% of total loans and other real estate owned at December 31, 2016
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Our capital position was strong at year-end as our Tier I Capital ratio was 12.02%, our Total Capital ratio was 12.48%, our Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio was 11.04% and our Tier I Leverage Ratio was 9.92%
Business Overview
The Company, a North Carolina corporation, was formed in October 2010 to serve as the holding company for the Bank pursuant to a bank holding company reorganization effective January 1, 2011 and is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve Board. The Bank was incorporated in September 2006 as a North Carolina-chartered commercial nonmember bank.
As part of our growth strategy, the Company has consummated several acquisitions since the bank holding company reorganization, including the acquisitions of Community Capital in November 2011, Citizens South in October 2012, Provident Community in May 2014 and First Capital in January 2016. Additionally, from an organic standpoint, over the past several years the Company has opened additional branches in North and South Carolina, and two full service branches in Richmond, Virginia.
On January 1, 2016, the Company acquired First Capital Bancorp, Inc. (“First Capital”), based in Glen Allen, Virginia and the parent company of First Capital Bank. As a result of the merger of First Capital into the Company, First Capital Bank, which operated eight branches in the Richmond, Virginia area, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and thereafter was merged into the Bank. The aggregate merger consideration consisted of approximately 8.4 million shares of Common Stock and approximately $25.7 million in cash. Based on the $7.32 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2015, the transaction value was approximately $87.1 million.
The Company provides a full array of retail and commercial banking services, including wealth management and capital market activities, through its offices located in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. Our objective since inception has been to provide the strength and product diversity of a larger bank and the service and relationship attention that characterizes a community bank.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on results of operations and financial condition.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In the preparation of our financial statements, we have adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and in accordance with general practices within the banking industry. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. While all of these policies are important to understanding the Consolidated Financial Statements, certain accounting policies described below involve significant judgment and assumptions by management that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities. We consider these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgment and assumptions we use are based on historical experience and other factors, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgment and assumptions we make, actual results could differ from these judgments and assumptions that could have a material impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.
PCI Loans. Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include statistics such as internal risk grade, past due and nonaccrual status. PCI loans are initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, the associated allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over at the acquisition date. We estimate the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition using specific credit review of certain loans, quantitative credit risk, interest rate risk and prepayment risk models, and qualitative economic and environmental assessments, each of which incorporate our best estimate of current key relevant factors, such as property values, default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds.
Under the accounting guidance for PCI loans, the excess of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool of loans, in situations where there is a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected. The difference between the contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition, considering the impact of prepayments, is referred to as the nonaccretable difference and is available to absorb future charge-offs.
In addition, subsequent to acquisition, we periodically evaluate our estimate of cash flows expected to be collected. These evaluations, performed quarterly, require the continued usage of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. In the current economic environment, estimates of cash flows for PCI loans require significant judgment given the impact of home price and property value changes, changing loss severities, prepayment speeds and other relevant factors. Decreases in the expected cash flows will generally result in a charge to the provision for credit losses resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. Significant increases in the expected cash flows will generally result in an increase in interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool of loans. Disposals of loans, which may include sales of loans to third parties, receipt of payments in full from the borrower or foreclosure of the collateral, result in removal of the loan from the PCI loan portfolio at its carrying amount. Trends are reviewed in terms of traditional credit metrics such as accrual status, past due status, and weighted-average grade of the loans within each of the accounting pools. In addition, the relationship between the change in the unpaid principal balance and change in the fair value mark is assessed to correlate the directional consistency of the expected loss for each pool.
PCI loans at December 31, 2016 represent loans acquired in connection with the acquisitions of Community Capital, Citizens South, Provident Community and First Capital that were deemed credit impaired at the time of acquisition. PCI loans that were classified as nonperforming loans by the acquired institutions are no longer classified as nonperforming so long as, at acquisition and quarterly re-estimation periods, we are able to reasonably project expected cash flows. It is important to note that judgment regarding the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected is required to classify PCI loans as performing, even if the loan is contractually past due.
Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is based upon management's ongoing evaluation of the loan portfolio and reflects an amount considered by management to be its best estimate of known and inherent losses in the portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a high degree of judgment and complexity. In making the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management considers current economic and market conditions, independent loan reviews performed periodically by third parties, portfolio trends and concentrations, delinquency information, management's internal review of the loan portfolio, internal historical loss rates and other relevant factors. While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations. In addition, regulatory examiners may require us to recognize changes to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Although provisions have been established by loan segments based upon management's assessment of their differing inherent loss characteristics, the entire allowance for losses on loans, other than the portion related to PCI loans and specific reserves on impaired loans, is available to absorb further loan losses in any segment. Further information regarding our policies and methodology used to estimate the allowance for possible loan losses is presented in Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
FDIC Indemnification Asset. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, the FDIC indemnification asset was initially recorded at its fair value, and is measured separately from the related covered assets because the indemnification asset is not contractually embedded in the covered assets or transferrable. The FDIC indemnification asset is measured at carrying value subsequent to initial measurement. Improved cash flows of the underlying covered assets will result in impairment of the FDIC indemnification asset and thus amortization through non-interest income. Impairment of the underlying covered assets will increase the cash flows of the FDIC indemnification asset and result in a credit to the provision for loan losses for acquired loans. Impairment and, when applicable, its subsequent reversal are included in the provision for loan losses in the consolidated statements of income.
The purchase and assumption agreements between the Bank and the FDIC, as discussed in Note 6 - FDIC Loss Share Agreements to the Consolidated Financial Statements, each contained a provision that obligated the Bank to make a true-up payment to the FDIC if the realized losses of each of the applicable acquired banks were less than expected. These amounts are recorded in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The actual payment would be determined at the end of the term of the loss sharing agreements based on the negative bid, expected losses, intrinsic loss estimate and assets covered under the loss sharing agreements.
On August 26, 2016, the Bank entered into an early termination agreement with the FDIC (the “Termination Agreement”) pursuant to which it terminated the loss share agreements associated with these purchase and assumption agreements. Under the terms of the Termination Agreement, the Bank made a net payment of $4.4 million to the FDIC as consideration for early termination of the loss share agreements. The early termination resulted in a net one-time after-tax charge of approximately $15 thousand during the third quarter of 2016. As a result of entering into the Termination Agreement, assets that were covered by the loss share agreements were reclassified as non-covered at September 30, 2016.
All rights and obligations of the Bank and the FDIC under the loss share agreements, including the clawback provisions and the settlement of outstanding loss share claims, were resolved and terminated under the Termination Agreement. The termination of the FDIC loss share agreements had no impact on the yields of the loans that were previously covered under these agreements. The Bank will recognize all future recoveries, losses and expenses related to the previously covered assets since the FDIC will no longer share in those amounts.
Income Taxes. Income taxes are provided based on the asset-liability method of accounting, which includes the recognition of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) and liabilities for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. In general, we record a DTA when the event giving rise to the tax benefit has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Further information regarding income taxes is presented in Note 12 -Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to traditional measures, management provides information it considers useful to investors in understanding the Company’s operating performance and trends, and to facilitate comparisons with the performance of its peers. Management also uses these measures internally to assess and better understand the Company’s underlying business performance and trends related to core business activities. The non-GAAP financial measures and key performance indicators used by the Company may differ from the non-GAAP financial measures and performance indicators used by other financial institutions to assess their performance and trends.
Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, the Company’s reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures frequently are used by shareholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. We encourage readers to consider the Consolidated Financial Statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
In particular, management uses tangible assets, tangible common equity, adjusted allowance for loan losses, adjusted net income, adjusted noninterest income and adjusted noninterest expenses, and related ratios and per-share measures, each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management uses (i) tangible assets and tangible common equity (which exclude goodwill and other intangibles from equity and assets) and related ratios to evaluate the adequacy of shareholders' equity and to facilitate comparisons with peers; (ii) adjusted allowance for loan losses (which includes net fair market value adjustments related to acquired loans) as supplemental information for comparing the combined allowance and fair market value adjustments to the combined acquired and non-acquired portfolios (fair market value adjustments are available only for losses on acquired loans), to evaluate both asset quality and asset quality trends, and to facilitate comparisons with peers; and (iii) adjusted net income, adjusted noninterest income and adjusted noninterest expense (which exclude merger-related expenses and gain or loss on sale of securities, as applicable), in each case to evaluate core earnings and to facilitate comparisons with peers.
The following table presents these non-GAAP financial measures and provides a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure reported in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements at or for the year-ended December 31:
(1)
Revised to reflect measurement period adjustments to goodwill.
(2)
Provided merely as supplemental information for comparing the combined allowance and fair market value adjustments to the combined acquired and non-acquired loan portfolios; fair market value adjustments are available only for losses on acquired loans.
Results of Operations
Summary. The Company recorded net income of $19.9 million, or $0.38 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to net income of $16.6 million, or $0.37 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2015 and net income of $12.9 million, or $0.29 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2014. Excluding merger-related expenses and gain on sale of securities, the Company reported adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $27.2 million, or $0.52 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $17.8 million, or $0.40 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2015 and adjusted net income (non-GAAP) of $15.2 million, or $0.34 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Merger-related expenses totaled $10.9 million in 2016 compared to $1.7 million in 2015 and $3.6 million in 2014. Losses on sale of securities totaled $87 thousand in 2016 compared to gains on sale of securities of $54 thousand in 2015 and $180 thousand in 2014.
The following table presents selected ratios for the Company for the years ended December 31:
Net Income. The following table summarizes components of net income and the changes in those components for the years ended December 31:
For the year ended December 31, 2016, we generated net income of $19.9 million, compared to net income of $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The change in our results of operations in 2016 includes an increase of $23.6 million in net interest income and a $3.2 million increase in noninterest income, partially offset by an increase of $1.9 million in the provision for loan losses as well as an increase of $20.1 million in noninterest expense due mainly to the First Capital acquisition. We also recorded tax expense of $9.6 million in 2016 compared to $8.1 million in 2015. Results for 2016 include a full year of operations from the merger with First Capital, which occurred on January 1, 2016.
The Company generated net income of $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to net income of $12.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The change in our results of operations in 2015 includes an increase of $3.7 million in net interest income and a $4.3 million increase in noninterest income, partially offset by an increase of $2.0 million in the provision for loan losses and an increase of $219 thousand in noninterest expense. We also recorded tax expense of $8.1 million in 2015 compared to $6.1 million in 2014. Results for 2015 include a full year of operations from the merger with Provident Community, while results for 2014 include only eight months of operations from the merger with Provident Community.
Details of the changes in the various components of net income are further discussed below.
Net Interest Income. Our largest source of earnings is net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets and interest expense paid on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. The primary factors that affect net interest income are changes in volume and yields of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, which are affected in part by management’s responses to changes in interest rates through asset/liability management.
Net interest income increased $23.6 million, or 29%, to $105 million in 2016 compared to $81.4 million in 2015, and increased $3.7 million, or 5%, to $81.4 million in 2015 compared to $77.6 million in 2014. Average interest-earning assets increased by $669 million in 2016 primarily driven by organic loan growth and the addition of First Capital assets following the merger on January 1, 2016. Average interest-earning assets increased by $243 million in 2015 primarily driven by organic loan growth and the addition of Provident Community assets following the merger on May 1, 2014.
The following table summarizes the average volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and average yields and rates for the years ended December 31:
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in the average loan balances.
(2) Interest income and yields are presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis.
(3) Fully tax-equivalent basis at 38.55% tax rate for nontaxable securities and loans.
Interest income on interest-earning assets and net interest margin are presented in the table above and the following discussion on a fully tax-equivalent (FTE) basis. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. We believe this to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income that provides a relevant comparison between taxable and non-taxable sources of interest income.
The following table reconciles net interest income as reported to fully tax-equivalent net interest income for the years ended December 31:
Changes in interest income and interest expense can result from variances in both volume and rates. The following table presents the relative impact on net interest income (FTE) to changes in the average outstanding balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the rates earned and paid on such assets and liabilities:
(1) Nonaccrual loans are included in the average loan balances.
Net interest income (FTE) totaled $105.6 million in 2016 as compared to $81.8 million in 2015. The interest rate spread (FTE), which represents the rate earned on interest-earning assets less the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, was 3.53% in 2016 and represented a decrease from the 2015 net interest rate spread of 3.61%. The net interest margin decreased 4 basis points in 2016 to 3.66% from 3.70% in 2015. The decrease in the net interest margin yield was primarily due to the increased cost of interest-bearing liabilities partially offset by an increase in the yield on earning assets and increased benefit from interest-free sources.
Interest income increased (FTE) $30.2 million, or 34%, to $119.9 million in 2016 compared to $89.7 million in 2015 as a result of higher average interest-earning assets. Average interest-earning assets increased $668.9 million, or 30%, to $2.9 billion for 2016 from $2.2 billion in 2015. Average loans increased $673.6 million, or 41%, as a result of organic loan growth and the First Capital merger. Average investments, including nonmarketable equity securities, increased $14.3 million, or 3%, to $523.8 million. Average federal funds sold increased $2.3 million, or 290%, to $3.1 million, and average other interest-earning assets decreased $21.2 million, or 30%, to $22.7 million. Other interest-earning assets include interest-earning balances at correspondent banks. The yield on interest-earning assets (FTE) increased to 4.16% in 2016 from 4.05% in 2015. The increase in the interest-earning asset yield was the result of a higher mix in loans as a percentage of earning assets in 2016 versus 2015 that can be attributed to the First Capital acquisition and a 25 basis point increase in market rates in December of 2015. The increase in the interest earning asset yield was somewhat muted by compression in loan yields as the mix of loans shifted from fixed to floating rates.
Interest expense increased by $6.5 million, or 83%, to $14.5 million in 2016 compared to $7.9 million in 2015, primarily due to an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities driven by a short-term market rate increase of 25 basis points in December of 2015, the addition of First Capital deposits at a slightly higher rate and the addition of a senior unsecured loan in December 2015 to partially fund the First Capital acquisition. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $439.1 million, or 28%, to $1.9 billion from $1.5 billion in 2015, primarily due to the addition of First Capital liabilities, as well as the senior unsecured loan and additional borrowings. Average interest-bearing demand deposits increased $30.2 million, or 8%, to $428.9 million in 2016 compared to $398.7 million in 2015. Average savings and money market accounts increased $189.6 million, or 34%, to $739.3 million in 2016, compared to $549.7 million in 2015. Average core time deposits increased $211.9 million, or 46%, to $676.3 million in 2016 from $464.4 million in 2015. Average brokered deposits, which consist of brokered interest-bearing deposits, brokered money market accounts, and brokered certificates of deposits, increased $7.5 million during 2016, or 5%.
Net interest income (FTE) totaled $81.8 million in 2015 as compared to $78.1 million in 2014. The interest rate spread (FTE), which represents the rate earned on interest-earning assets less the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, was 3.61% in 2015 and represented a decrease from the 2014 net interest rate spread of 3.87%. The net interest margin (FTE) decreased 26 basis points in 2015 to 3.70% from 3.96% in 2014. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily due to decreased yields on loans and decreased accelerated accretion of net acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments on purchased performing loans.
Interest income (FTE) increased $4.0 million, or 5%, to $89.7 million in 2015 compared to $85.7 million in 2014 as a result of higher average earning assets. Average interest-earning assets increased $242.7 million, or 12%, to $2.2 billion for 2015 from $2.0 billion in 2014. Average loans increased $213.0 million, or 15%, as a result of organic loan growth. Average investments, including nonmarketable equity securities, increased $50.5 million, or 11%, to $509.6 million. Average federal funds sold increased $235 thousand, or 42%, to $799 thousand, and average other interest-earning assets decreased $21.0 million, or 22%, to $43.9 million. Other interest-earning assets include interest-earning balances at correspondent banks. The yield on earning assets decreased to 4.05% in 2015 from 4.35% in 2014. This decrease included a 50 basis point decrease in loan yields.
Interest expense increased by $276 thousand, or 4%, to $7.9 million in 2015 compared to $7.7 million in 2014, primarily due to an increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, offset by a decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, which decreased 3 basis points to 0.45% from 0.48% in 2014. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $168.0 million, or 10%, to $1.8 billion from $1.6 billion in 2014, primarily due to the inclusion of Provident Community liabilities for a full year in 2015, as well as additional borrowings. Average interest-bearing demand deposits increased $50.4 million, or 14%, to $398.7 million in 2015 compared to $348.3 million in 2014. Average savings and money market accounts increased $40.1 million, or 8%, to $549.7 million in 2015, compared to $509.6 million in 2014. Average core time deposits decreased $9.1 million, or 2%, to $464.4 million in 2015 from $473.5 million in 2014. Average brokered deposits, which consist of brokered interest-bearing deposits, brokered money market accounts, and brokered certificates of deposits, decreased $14.0 million during 2015, or 9%.
The Company’s hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to changes in interest rates. Details of derivatives and hedging activities are set forth in Note 16 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Information regarding the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on the Company’s derivative financial instruments is set forth below in the section entitled “Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity”.
Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses increased $1.9 million to $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to a provision of $723 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in provision for 2016 is a result of organic loan growth, a higher qualitative reserve component and higher net charge offs.
Provision for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $2.0 million to $723 thousand, as compared to a release of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in provision for 2015 compared to 2014 is a result of organic loan growth and a $968 thousand reduction in net recoveries.
Noninterest Income. The following table summarizes components of noninterest income for the years ended December 31:
As a result of our merger and acquisition activity over the past several years and organic growth efforts, noninterest income has become an important component of our earnings. Noninterest income increased $3.2 million, or 17%, to $21.4 million in 2016 from $18.2 million in 2015. Impacting noninterest income in 2016 was a $311 thousand decrease in the FDIC indemnification asset due to the termination of the related loss-sharing agreements in August 2016. Service charges on deposit accounts increased $1.5 million, or 31%, to $6.4 million in 2016 from $4.9 million in 2015. This increase is due to the addition of deposit accounts resulting from the First Capital merger, as well as an increase in deposit accounts resulting from our expanded retail and commercial banking activities. Income from fiduciary activities associated with asset management, investment brokerage, and trust services decreased $759 thousand from 2015 to 2016 and income from capital market activities increased $1.2 million, or 76%, from 2015 to 2016. Commissions and fees from investment brokerage activity increased 48% to $757 thousand in 2016, from $512 thousand in 2015. Mortgage banking income increased $122 thousand, or 4%, to $3.4 million in 2016, from $3.3 million in 2015 and income from bank-owned life insurance decreased $40 thousand, or 1%, to $2.7 million in 2016. Income from bankcard services increased $285 thousand, or 11%, to $2.8 million in 2016 from $2.5 million in 2015. Other noninterest income also increased $232 thousand, or 45%, to $742 thousand in 2016 from $510 thousand in 2015. We also reported losses on the sale of securities of $87 thousand in 2016, compared to a gain on sale of securities of $54 thousand in 2015.
In 2015, noninterest income increased $4.3 million, or 31%, to $18.2 million from $14.0 million in 2014. Impacting noninterest income in 2015 was a $2.5 million decrease in the amortization of the FDIC indemnification asset and a $406 thousand decrease in true-up expenses related to our FDIC loss share agreements. The decrease in FDIC loss-share related expenses resulted from significant prior year reductions in the Company’s loss share reimbursement expectations given better than originally forecasted performance of the underlying covered loans. In addition, the commercial components of the Bank of Hiawassee loss share agreement expired in March 2015. The Company terminated the loss share agreements in August of 2016.
Service charges on deposit accounts increased $1.1 million, or 27%, to $4.9 million in 2015 from $3.9 million in 2014. This increase is due to the addition of deposit accounts resulting from the Provident Community merger as well as an increase in deposit accounts resulting from our expanded retail and commercial banking activities and a new high-yield money market account marketed in our Richmond market. Income from fiduciary activities associated with asset management, investment brokerage, and trust services increased $342 thousand from 2014 to 2015 and income from capital market activities increased $821 thousand, or 127%, from 2014 to 2015. Commissions and fees from investment brokerage activity increased 13% to $512 thousand in 2015, from $452 thousand in 2014. Mortgage banking income increased $665 thousand, or 25%, to $3.3 million in 2015, from $2.6 million in 2014 and income from bank-owned life insurance increased $61 thousand, or 2%, to $2.7 million in 2015. Income from bankcard services decreased $125 thousand, or 5%, to $2.5 million in 2015 from $2.6 million in 2014. Other noninterest income also decreased $1.4 million, or 73%, to $510 thousand in 2015 from $1.9 million in 2014. Other noninterest income in 2014 included $939,000 in income from the sale of MasterCard Class A shares. We also reported gains on the sale of securities of $54 thousand in 2015, compared to a gain on sale of securities of $180 thousand in 2014.
Excluding loss on sale of securities of $87 thousand in 2016 and gain on sale of securities of $54 thousand in 2015 and $180 thousand in 2014, adjusted noninterest income (non-GAAP) increased $3.3 million in 2016, and increased $4.4 million in 2015.
Noninterest Expense. The following table summarizes components of noninterest expense for the years ended December 31:
Total noninterest expense was $94.2 million in 2016, an increase of $20 million, or 27%, from $74.2 million in 2015. The increase is primarily due to First Capital merger costs and the inclusion of First Capital results beginning January 1, 2016. Total noninterest expense was $74.2 million in 2015, an increase of $219 thousand, or 0.3%, from $73.9 million in 2014. The increase is primarily due to the inclusion of a full year of expense from the Provident Community merger, offset by decreased merger expenses in 2015 as compared to 2014 and the impact of closing five branches during 2015.
In 2016, we incurred approximately $10.6 million in merger-related expenses driven by the First Capital acquisition. Excluding merger-related expenses of $10.6 million, $1.7 million and $3.6 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, adjusted noninterest expense (non-GAAP) increased $10.9 million, or 15%, to $83.3 million in 2016 from $72.4 million in 2015; and $2.1 million, or 3%, to $72.4 million in 2015 from $70.3 million in 2014, primarily as a result of the aforementioned mergers and organic growth initiatives. In 2016, merger-related expenses consisted principally of severance expense, systems conversion costs, contract cancellation costs and fixed asset impairments related to the consolidation of our operations center.
The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits, which increased $8.1 million, or 20%, to $48.0 million in 2016 from $39.9 million in 2015. This increase is primarily due to organic growth and the addition of First Capital salaries, as well as increasing healthcare and incentive pay costs. Occupancy and equipment expense increased 25% from $10.3 million in 2015 to $12.9 million in 2016, primarily due to the acquisition of First Capital offices and branches. Data processing and outside service fees increased $5.6 million or 84% to $12.2 million in 2016, from $6.6 million in 2015. The increase in these fees is due to a full year of expense related to the First Capital merger as well as First Capital systems conversion costs. Core deposit amortization expense increased due to the First Capital acquisition. We realized a net cost of operation of other real estate owned (“OREO”) during 2016 of $255 thousand, compared to a net cost of operation of $406 thousand in 2015. During 2016, we sold 52 OREO properties at a net gain of $450 thousand, compared to 152 properties sold during 2015 at a net gain of $596 thousand. Other noninterest expense increased $3.5 million, or 60%, to $9.3 million in 2016 from $5.8 million in 2015 due primarily to merger-related costs resulting from the acquisition of First Capital as well as a $1.5 million loss on the termination of an interest rate hedge on variable rate debt that was repaid during the fourth quarter of 2016.
Salaries and employee benefits increased $407 thousand, or 1%, to $39.9 million in 2015 from $39.5 million in 2014. This increase is primarily due to a full year of compensation expense from the Provident Community merger in 2015 compared to eight months in 2014. Occupancy and equipment expense decreased 1% from $10.4 million in 2014 to $10.3 million in 2015, primarily due to the closure of five branches during 2015. Advertising and promotion expense decreased $231 thousand, or 15% from 2014 to 2015 due to a marketing campaign in 2014 to promote a new corporate brand, “Answers You Can Bank OnSM.” Data processing and outside service fees increased $176 thousand or 3% to $6.6 million in 2015, from $6.4 million in 2014. The increase in these fees is due to a full year of expense related to the Provident Community merger. Communication fees increased 6% to $2.1 million in 2015 from $2.0 million in 2014, also due to a full year of expense related to Provident Community. We realized a net cost of operation of other real estate during 2015 of $406 thousand, compared to a net cost of operation of $817 thousand in 2014. During 2015, we sold 152 properties for a net gain of $596 thousand, compared to 279 properties sold during 2014 for a net gain of $436 thousand. Loan collection expense decreased $610 thousand, or 45%, to $740 thousand in 2015 from $1.4 million in 2014 due primarily to improved credit quality. Other noninterest expense increased $850 thousand, or 17%, to $5.8 million in 2015 from $5.0 million in 2014 due primarily to $996 thousand in writedowns on branches closed during 2015.
Income Taxes. We generate non-taxable income from tax-exempt investment securities and loans as well as bank-owned life insurance. Accordingly, the level of such income in relation to income before taxes affects our effective tax rate. We recognized income tax expense of $9.6 million for 2016, $8.1 million for 2015 and $6.1 million for 2014. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was 32.5%, compared to 32.9% for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 32.0% for the year ended December 31, 2014. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, Stock-Compensation, which is intended to improve accounting for share-based payment award transactions. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of an income tax benefit of $798 thousand, representing excess tax benefits which previously would have been recognized in additional paid in capital.
We reported net DTAs of $25.7 million and $29.0 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease is primarily the result of earnings of $19.9 million during 2016 offset by the acquired and re-measured DTA of First Capital. We evaluate the carrying amount of our DTA quarterly in accordance with the guidance provided in ASC 740, in particular applying the criteria set forth therein to determine whether it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion, or all, of the DTA will not be realized within its life cycle, based on the weight of available evidence. In most cases, the realization of the DTA is dependent upon generating a sufficient level of taxable income in future periods, which can be difficult to predict. In addition to projected earnings, we also consider projected asset quality, liquidity, and our strong capital position, which could be leveraged to increase earning assets and generate taxable income, our growth plans and other relevant factors. Based on the weight of available evidence, we determined as of both December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 that it is more likely than not that we will be able to fully realize the existing DTA and therefore considered it appropriate not to establish a DTA valuation allowance at either December 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015. See Note 12 - Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial Condition
Summary. Total assets increased $741.1 million, or 29%, to $3.3 billion as of December 31, 2016 as compared to $2.5 billion as of December 31, 2015. This increase is primarily the result of organic loan growth and the First Capital acquisition, which increased net loans by $667.3 million. Other increases include investment securities available-for-sale of $17.6 million, or 5%; nonmarketable equity securities of $6.1 million, or 54%; core deposit intangible of $1.9 million, or 20%; loans held for sale of $3.1 million, or 62%; bank-owned life insurance of $12.2 million, or 21%; interest-earning balances at banks of 32.4 million, or 197%; premises and equipment of $7.4 million, or 13%; and other assets including accrued interest receivable of $329 thousand, or 2%. Offsetting the increases were decreases in cash and due from banks of $19.7 million, or 37%; investment securities held-to-maturity of $14.7 million, or 14%; OREO of $1.8 million, or 42%; FDIC indemnification asset of $943 thousand, or 100%; and deferred tax assets of $3.3 million, or 11%.
Total liabilities at December 31, 2016 were $2.9 billion, an increase of $670.0 million, or 30%, from total liabilities of $2.2 billion at December 31, 2015. Total deposits increased $561.1 million, or 29%, reflecting organic deposit growth and deposits related to the First Capital acquisition. Total borrowings increased $109.0 million, or 46% to support organic growth as well as to provide funding for the cash consideration portion of the First Capital acquisition. Total borrowings included $28.8 million and $24.3 million of Tier 1 eligible junior subordinated debt, net of acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments, at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Total shareholders’ equity increased $71.1 million, or 25%, during the year to $355.8 million at December 31, 2016.
Investment Securities and Other Earning Assets. We use investment securities to generate interest income through the employment of excess funds, to provide liquidity, to fund loan demand or deposit liquidation, and to pledge as collateral, where required. The composition of our investment portfolio, as presented in the table below, changes from time to time, as we consider our liquidity needs, interest rate expectations, asset/liability management strategies, and capital requirements.
Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair market value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Securities held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. At December 31, 2016, the fair market value of investment securities totaled $495.3 million, compared to $492.6 million at December 31, 2015.
Management evaluates its investments quarterly for other than temporary impairment, relying primarily on industry analyst reports, observation of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations. At December 31, 2016, none of the investment securities are deemed to be other than temporarily impaired since none of the unrealized losses relate to the marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to honor redemption obligations, as all but one of the bonds are issued by United States government agencies with the remaining bond being partially guaranteed by a government agency, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis.
The following table presents a summary of the fair value of investment securities at December 31:
The following table summarizes the maturity distribution schedule of the amortized cost of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity with corresponding weighted-average yields at December 31, 2016. Weighted-average yields for securities exempt from both Federal and state income taxes and Federal income taxes only have been computed on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a statutory tax rate of 38.55%. The amount of tax-equivalent adjustment is $223 thousand and relates exclusively to municipal securities for the periods presented. Mortgage-backed securities are included in maturity categories based on their stated maturity date. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for a variety of reasons, including the ability of issuers to call or prepay obligations and the ability of borrowers to prepay underlying mortgage collateral. Equity securities are reported with maturities over 10 years, as these securities have no maturity dates.
At December 31, 2016, we had $570 thousand in Federal funds and $48.9 million in interest-bearing deposits with other FDIC-insured financial institutions. This compares with $16.5 million in interest-bearing deposits with other FDIC-insured financial institutions and $235 thousand in Federal funds at December 31, 2015.
Loans. We consider asset quality to be of primary importance, and employ seasoned credit professionals and documented processes to ensure effective oversight of credit approvals and asset quality monitoring. Our internal loan policy is reviewed by our board of directors’ Loan and Risk Committee on an annual basis and our underwriting guidelines are reviewed and updated on a periodic basis. A formal loan review process is maintained both to ensure adherence to lending policies and to ensure accurate loan grading and is reviewed by our board of directors. Since inception, we have promoted the separation of loan underwriting from the loan production staff through our credit department. Currently, credit administration analysts or portfolio managers are responsible for underwriting and assigning proper risk grades for all commercial loans with exposure in excess of $500 thousand. Underwriting is completed on standardized forms including a loan approval form and supporting documents which outline the loan's structure and a detailed analysis of loan purpose, borrower strength (including individual and global cash flow worksheets), repayment sources and, when applicable, collateral positions and guarantor strength. The credit memorandum further identifies exceptions to policy and/or regulatory limits, total exposure, internal risk grades and other relevant credit information. Loans are approved or denied by varying levels of signature authority based on total customer relationship exposure. A management-level loan committee reviews all loans greater than $5 million and is responsible for approving all credits in excess of the chief credit officer and senior credit officers’ lending authority, which was increased in October 2014 from $3 million to $5 million for new transactions.
Our loan underwriting policy contains LTV limits that are at or below levels required under regulatory guidance, when such guidance is available, including limitations for non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and marketable securities. When applicable, we compare LTV with loan-to-cost guidelines and usually limit loan amounts to the lower of the two ratios. We also consider FICO scores and strive to uphold a high standard when extending loans to individuals. We have not underwritten any subprime, hybrid, no-documentation or low-documentation products.
All acquisition, construction and development (“AC&D”) loans, whether related to commercial or consumer borrowers, are subject to policies, guidelines and procedures specifically designed to properly identify, monitor and mitigate the risk associated with these loans. Loan officers receive and review a cost budget from the borrower at the time an AC&D loan is originated. Loan draws are monitored against the budgeted line items during the development period in order to identify potential cost overruns. Individual draw requests are verified through review of supporting invoices as well as site inspections performed by an external inspector. Additional periodic site inspections are performed by loan officers at times that do not coincide with draw requests in order to keep abreast of ongoing project conditions. Current AC&D loan origination is focused on 1 - 4 family residential construction for retail customers and 1-4 family residential home construction to selected well-qualified builders, as well as owner-occupied commercial and pre-leased commercial build-to-suit properties. Concentrations as a percent of capital are reported to the board of directors on a quarterly basis. Market conditions for AC&D loans continued to improve in 2016 due to increasing new home sales in our primary markets. As of December 31, 2016, approximately 1% of our AC&D loan portfolio, commercial and consumer, falls under the watch list. Beginning with the First Capital acquisition and at December 31, 2016, the Bank’s concentration in commercial real estate (CRE) and construction and development (C&D) loans exceeded the thresholds specified in the federal banking agencies’ guidance emphasizing the need for enhanced risk management activities over the CRE and C&D concentrations. As a result, the Bank has instituted the enhanced risk management activities which are reviewed periodically with our board of directors’ Loan and Risk Committee.
Our home equity line of credit (“HELOC”) portfolio totaled approximately $176.8 million as of December 31, 2016. HELOCs typically have a maturity of 10 years and are interest only or have a 1% repayment requirement. At maturity, the full balance is due or is underwritten for renewal. Reviews of all outstanding HELOCs are performed on at least a semi-annual basis.
All loans are assigned an internal risk grade and are reviewed continuously for payment performance and updated through annual portfolio reviews. Loans on the Bank’s watch list are monitored through periodic watch meetings and monthly impairment meetings. Classified loans are generally managed by a dedicated special asset team who is experienced in various loan rehabilitation and work out practices. Special asset loans are generally managed with a least-loss strategy.
At December 31, 2016, total loans, net of deferred fees, increased $671.1 million, or 39%, to $2.4 billion, compared to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2015, due to organic loan growth and the acquisition of First Capital. The Company’s metropolitan markets, which include Charlotte, Raleigh and Wilmington, North Carolina, Greenville and Charleston, South Carolina and Richmond, Virginia, reported organic growth of $680 thousand due to continued success in origination efforts. The composition of the portfolio remained steady, with commercial loans representing 79% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016, and consumer loans representing 21% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016 compared to 72% and 28%, respectively at December 31, 2015. The primary changes in commercial loans were commercial and industrial which increased to 16% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016 from 14% at December 31, 2015; while owner-occupied commercial real estate decreased to 15% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016 from 19% at December 31, 2015, and investor income producing commercial real estate increased to 31% of total loans at December 31, 2016 from 29% at December 31, 2015. The primary changes in consumer loans were HELOCs, which decreased to 7% of the total loan portfolio from 9% at December 31, 2015; and residential mortgage, which decreased to 11% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016 from 13% at December 31, 2015.
The following table presents a summary of the loan portfolio at December 31:
The following table details loan maturities by loan class and interest rate type at December 31, 2016:
Variable interest rate loans are included in all of our loan types. We had a total of $1.4 billion in variable rate loans as of December 31, 2016. Variable rate loans are indexed to several indices, including (i) the prime rate as published in The Wall Street Journal; (ii) the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”); (iii) the 1-year Treasury rate; and (iv) our internal Main Street Prime rate. In addition, we inherited several variable rate indices through our mergers with Citizens South and Community Capital that are no longer used on originated or renewed loans. During the underwriting process, analysts perform their analysis at the fully-indexed rate as well as a “stressed” rate to identify payment capacity in a rising rate environment.
Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is based upon management's ongoing evaluation of the loan portfolio and reflects an amount considered by management to be its best estimate of known and inherent losses in the portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a high degree of judgment and complexity. In making the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management considers current economic and market conditions, independent loan reviews performed periodically by third parties, portfolio trends and concentrations, delinquency information, management's internal review of the loan portfolio, internal historical loss rates and other relevant factors. While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations. In addition, regulatory examiners may require us to recognize changes to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Although provisions have been established by loan segments based upon management's assessment of their differing inherent loss characteristics, the entire allowance for losses on loans, other than the portions related to PCI loans and specific reserves on impaired loans, is available to absorb further loan losses in any segment.
Our Allowance for Loan Losses Committee is responsible for overseeing our allowance and works with our chief executive officer, senior financial officers, senior risk management officers and the Audit Committee of the board of directors in developing and achieving our allowance methodology and practices. Our allowance for loan loss methodology includes four components - specific reserves, quantitative reserves, qualitative reserves and reserves on PCI loans. Information about the four components and our policy and methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses, including details of the various environmental factors considered in the qualitative component, is presented in Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table presents a breakdown of our allowance for loan losses, by component and by loan product type as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
The allowance for loan losses was $12.1 million, or 0.50% of total loans, at December 31, 2016 compared to $9.1 million, or 0.52% of total loans, at December 31, 2015. The allowance for loan losses is increased by provisions charged to operations and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. The increase in the allowance for loan losses was a function of (i) a decrease of $937 thousand in the quantitative component of the allowance due to a decrease in historical loss rates applied to the portfolio as significant charge-offs from 2012 are replaced with low loss or recovery periods in 2016; and (ii) an increase of $4.0 million in the qualitative component of the allowance primarily due to minimum reserve amounts applied as historical loss rates continue to decline, as well as management’s decision to increase certain factors based on rapid loan growth, entrance into new markets, and caution surrounding the economy.
Net recoveries increased $477 thousand from a net recovery of $27 thousand, or 0.00% of total loans, for the year ended December 31, 2015 to net recoveries of $546 thousand, or 0.02% of total loans, for the year ended December 31, 2016.
In accordance with GAAP, acquired loans were adjusted to reflect estimated fair market value at acquisition and the associated allowance for loan losses was eliminated. At December 31, 2016, acquired loans comprised 26% of our total loans, compared to 22% at December 31, 2015. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans was 0.50% at December 31, 2016 compared to 0.52% at December 31, 2015. The ratio of the adjusted allowance for loan losses to total loans (Non-GAAP), which includes the remaining acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments for acquired loans, was 1.65% at December 31, 2016 and 2.14% at December 31, 2015. Adjusted allowance for loan losses to loans is a non-GAAP financial measure, which is provided as supplemental information for comparing the combined allowance and fair market value adjustments to the combined acquired and non-acquired loan portfolios. Fair market value adjustments are available only for losses on acquired loans. For a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above.
While management believes that it uses the best information available to determine the allowance for loan losses, and that the Company’s allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level appropriate in light of the risk inherent in our loan portfolio based on an assessment of various factors affecting the loan portfolio, unforeseen market conditions could result in adjustments to the allowance for loan losses, and net income could be significantly affected, if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the final determination. The allowance for loan losses to total loans may increase if our loan portfolio deteriorates due to economic conditions or other factors.
The following table presents a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses, including the reserve for PCI loans, and includes information regarding charge-offs and selected coverage ratios, for the years ended December 31:
The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, including the reserve for PCI loans, by category for the years ended December 31:
We evaluate and estimate off-balance sheet credit exposure at the same time we estimate credit losses for loans by a similar process, including an estimate of commitment usage levels. These estimated credit losses are not recorded as part of the allowance for loan losses, but are recorded to a separate liability account by a charge to income, if material. Loan commitments, unused lines of credit and standby letters of credit make up the off-balance sheet items reviewed for potential credit losses. At both December 31, 2016 and 2015, $125 thousand was recorded as an other liability for off-balance sheet credit exposure.
Nonperforming Assets. Nonperforming assets, which consist of nonaccrual loans, accruing troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), accruing loans for which payments are 90 days or more past due, and OREO, totaled $15.4 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $13.7 million at December 31, 2015. Nonperforming loans, which consist of nonaccrual loans, accruing TDRs and accruing loans for which payments are 90 days or more past due, increased $4.7 million, or 57%, to $12.9 million, or 0.54% of total loans and OREO at December 31, 2016, compared to $8.3 million, or 0.47% of total loans and OREO at December 31, 2015.
It is our general policy to place a loan on nonaccrual status when there is a probable loss or when there is a reasonable doubt that all principal and interest will be collected, or when it is over 90 days past due. Nonaccrual loans increased $4.5 million, or 104%, in 2016 to $8.8 million from $4.3 million at December 31, 2015. Nonaccrual TDRs are included in the nonaccrual loan amounts noted. At December 31, 2016, nonaccrual TDR loans were $374 thousand and had no recorded allowances. Accruing TDRs totaled $2.5 million at December 31, 2016 and $2.8 million at December 31, 2015.
Interest that would have been recorded on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, had they performed in accordance with their original terms, totaled $1.1 million, $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Interest income included in the results of operations for 2016, 2015 and 2014, with respect to loans that subsequently went to non-accrual, totaled $135 thousand, $78 thousand and $158 thousand, respectively.
We grade loans with an internal risk grade scale of 10 through 90, with grades 10 through 50 representing “pass” loans, grade 60 representing “special mention” and grades 70 and higher representing “classified” credit grades, respectively. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis internally, and at least annually by an external loan review group, to ensure loans are graded appropriately. Credits are reviewed for past due trends, declining cash flows, significant decline in collateral value, weakened guarantor financial strength, management concerns, market conditions and other factors that could jeopardize the repayment performance of the loan. Documentation deficiencies including collateral perfection and outdated or inadequate financial information are also considered in grading loans.
All loans graded 60 or worse (criticized or classified) are included on our list of “watch loans,” which represent potential problem loans, and are updated periodically and reported in aggregate to management and the Loan and Risk Committee of the board of directors quarterly. Impairment analyses are performed on all classified loans (risk grade of 70 or worse) and generally greater than $150 thousand as well as selected other loans as deemed appropriate. At December 31, 2016, we maintained “watch loans” totaling $31.9 million compared to $31.2 million at December 31, 2015. Approximately $8.4 million of the watch loans at December 31, 2016 were acquired loans. The future level of watch loans cannot be predicted, but rather will be determined by several factors, including overall economic conditions in the markets served.
We employ one of three potential methods to determine the fair value of impaired loans:
1) Fair value of collateral method. This is the most common method and is used when the loan is collateral dependent. In most cases, we will obtain an “as is” appraisal from a third-party appraisal group. The fair value from that appraisal may be adjusted downward for liquidation discounts for foreclosure or quick sale scenarios, as well as any applicable selling costs.
2) Cash flow method. This method is used when we believe that we will collect the loan primarily from cash flows generated by the borrower.
3) Observable market value method. This is the method used least often by us. Fair value is based on the offering price from a note buyer, in either the local community or a national loan sale advisor.
With respect to nonaccrual commercial and nonaccrual AC&D loans made to consumers, we typically utilize an “as-is,” or “discounted,” value to determine an appropriate fair value. When appraising projects with an expected cash flow to be received over a period of time, such as acquisition and development/land development loans, fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. We also account for expected selling and holding costs when determining an appropriate property value.
As of December 31, 2016, there were $194.7 million of AC&D - CRE loans kept current with bank-funded reserves of approximately $1.5 million. As of December 31, 2015, there were $96.2 million of AC&D loans kept current with bank-funded reserves of approximately $4.8 million. In both periods, these loans were still in the construction period of their lending arrangement.
At December 31, 2016, OREO totaled $2.4 million, all of which is recorded at values based on our most recent appraisals. At December 31, 2015, OREO totaled $5.5 million, all of which was recorded at values based on the most recent appraisals then available. Included in that total at December 31, 2015 was $1.2 million of OREO covered under the FDIC loss share agreements. Following termination of the loss-sharing agreements in August 2016, all the existing covered OREO was re-classified as non-covered. The decrease in OREO from 2015 is primarily due to successful dispositions.
The following table summarizes nonperforming assets at December 31:
Deposits. We offer a broad range of deposit products, including personal and business checking accounts, individual retirement accounts, business and personal money market accounts and time deposits, at competitive interest rates. Deposit account terms vary according to the minimum balance required, the time periods the funds must remain on deposit, and the interest rate, among other factors. We regularly evaluate the internal cost of funds, survey rates offered by competing institutions, review cash flow requirements for lending and liquidity and execute rate changes when deemed appropriate.
Total deposits at December 31, 2016 were $2.5 billion, increasing $561.1 million, or 29%, from December 31, 2015, net of acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments. Average deposits for 2016 were $2.5 billion, an increase of $584.7 million, or 31%, from 2015. The majority of the increase in average deposits during 2016 is attributed to the acquisition of First Capital. Brokered deposits remain attractive given their relatively lower interest costs and flexible term structures, and will continue to be selectively utilized in our normal funding and interest rate risk management practices. Brokered deposits consist of brokered interest-bearing deposits, brokered money market accounts, and brokered certificates of deposits. Brokered money market and interest-bearing deposits are the result of the brokered money market deposit program initiated in December 2013.
The following table sets forth our average balance of deposit accounts and the average cost for each category of deposit for the years ended December 31:
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $98.5 million and $73.1 million in time deposits greater than $250,000, respectively.
The following table indicates the amount of our time deposits by time remaining until maturity as of December 31, 2016:
Borrowings. Borrowings totaled $348.3 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $239.3 million at December 31, 2015, net of acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments. In December 2015, the parent company entered into a $30.0 million senior unsecured term loan that matures on December 18, 2022 and has a fixed coupon rate of 4.75% per annum, in preparation for the First Capital acquisition on January 1, 2016. The loan may be prepaid by the parent company at any time, subject to payment of a “yield maintenance amount” as described in the loan agreement. The loan agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and events of default. At December 31, 2016, the outstanding loan balance was $29.7 million.
As a result of its mergers, the Company’s capital structure includes trust preferred securities previously issued by the predecessor companies through specially formed trusts, as well as one subordinated loan described below. The combined total amount outstanding of the acquired trusts and subordinated loan as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $48.0 million ($33.5 million, net of mark to market) and $38.1 million ($24.3 million, net of mark to market), respectively. The proceeds of the sales of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase junior subordinated debt from the predecessor companies, which are presented as junior subordinated debt in the consolidated balance sheets of the Company and qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 Capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
In connection with the acquisition of First Capital, the Company assumed a variable rate $6.5 million subordinated loan with a financial institution. The outstanding balance at acquisition date was $4.8 million, while the balance as of December 31, 2016 was $4.7 million. This subordinated loan has a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest equal to one-month LIBOR plus 4.375% and is payable monthly. The interest rate is subject to a ceiling of 9.5%. Principal payments on the loan total $8,000 per month until January 1, 2019, after which principal payments total $100,333 per month until the loan is repaid on September 1, 2022. The loan may be redeemed at par at any time.
The following table details junior subordinated debt and subordinated loan as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
The following table details short and long-term borrowings at December 31:
The following table details balances outstanding related to short-term borrowings at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
At December 31, 2016, the Company had an additional $386.5 million of credit available from the FHLB, $331.3 million of credit available from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and $70.0 million of credit available from correspondent banks.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of operations, we may enter into certain contractual obligations that could include the funding of operations through debt issuances as well as leases for premises and equipment.
The following table summarizes our significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations at December 31, 2016:
Information about our off-balance sheet risk exposure is presented in Note 15 - Off-Balance Sheet Risk to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2016, we had $758.3 million of pre-approved but unused lines of credit, $8.2 million of standby letters of credit and $9.7 million of commercial letters of credit. As part of ongoing business, we currently do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as special purpose entities, which generally are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company maintained a reserve of $125 thousand, which is in other liabilities, for off-balance sheet credit exposure.
As part of Citizens South’s Plan of Conversion and Reorganization in May 2002, Citizens South established a memo liquidation account in an amount equal to its equity at the time of the conversion of approximately $44 million for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders who continue to maintain their accounts at Citizens South Bank after the conversion. In accordance with the memo liquidation account, in the event of a complete liquidation of Citizens South Bank, each eligible account holder and supplemental eligible account holder would be entitled to receive a distribution from the liquidation account in an amount proportionate to the current adjusted qualifying balances for accounts then held. In connection with the Citizens South merger and the subsequent merger of Citizens South Bank into the Bank, the Bank assumed this memo liquidation account. This liquidation account is reviewed and adjusted annually. The value of the liquidation account was $4.2 million at December 31, 2016 and $6.6 million at December 31, 2015.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity refers to the ability to manage future cash flows to meet the needs of depositors and borrowers and to fund operations. We strive to maintain sufficient liquidity to fund future loan demand and to satisfy fluctuations in deposit levels. This is achieved primarily in the form of available lines of credit from various correspondent banks, the FHLB, the Federal Reserve Discount Window and through our investment portfolio. In addition, we may have short-term investments at our primary correspondent bank in the form of Federal funds sold. Liquidity is managed by an asset/liability policy approved by the board of directors and administered by an internal Asset-Liability Management Committee (the “ALCO”). The ALCO reports monthly asset/liability-related matters to the Loan and Risk Committee of the board of directors.
Our internal liquidity ratio (total liquid assets, or cash and cash equivalents, divided by deposits and short-term liabilities) at December 31, 2016 was 16.25% compared to 20.10% at December 31, 2015. Both ratios exceeded our minimum internal target of 10%. If we continue to see rapid loan growth as we have seen over the past year, we may utilize additional sources of liquidity through the use of available credit lines, additional borrowing capacity through unpledged securities, and brokered deposits. In addition, at December 31, 2016, we had $386.5 million of credit available from the FHLB, $331.3 million of credit available from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and available lines totaling $70.0 million from correspondent banks.
At December 31, 2016, we had $758.3 million of pre-approved but unused lines of credit, $8.2 million of standby letters of credit and $9.7 million of commercial letters of credit. In management's opinion, these commitments represent no more than normal lending risk to us and will be funded from normal sources of liquidity.
Our capital position is reflected in our shareholders’ equity, subject to certain adjustments for regulatory purposes. Shareholders’ equity, or capital, is a measure of our net worth, soundness and viability. We continue to remain in a well capitalized position. Shareholders’ equity on December 31, 2016 was $355.8 million, compared to $284.7 million at December 31, 2015. The $71.1 million increase was primarily the result of the issuance of 8,736,094 shares in connection with the First Capital acquisition, net income of $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, $1.3 million of net share-based compensation and $5.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. These increases were partially offset by the repurchase of 725,249 shares of Common Stock in open market transactions pursuant to our previously announced share repurchase program, and the acquisition of 278,234 shares in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock, a $419 thousand decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from unrealized securities losses and $7.5 million in dividends paid during 2016.
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Our capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by bank regulators that, if taken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies. For additional information about regulatory capital requirements, see “Supervision and Regulation - Minimum Capital Requirements” and “Prompt Corrective Action” in Part 1, Item 1 Business of this report, as well as Note 13 - Reulatory Matters to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The actual and required minimum regulatory capital ratios for the Company and the Bank to be considered “well-capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions at December 31 for each of the two years are presented in the table below:
(1) Includes the fully phased in capital conservation buffer requirements
Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity
As a financial institution, and based on the nature of our operations, we are exposed to market risk, which refers to potential losses arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices and commodity prices. We are primarily exposed to interest rate risk inherent in our lending and deposit taking activities. Interest rate risk results from timing differences in the repricing of assets and liabilities, changes in relationships between rate indices, and the potential exercise of explicit or embedded options. Changes in market interest rates may result in changes in the fair values of our financial instruments, cash flows and net interest income. Effective management of interest rate risk is intended to protect the Company’s capital and profitability through various interest rate environments. Such risk is inherent to the business of banking given the inability to fully match the time horizons and interest rate characteristics of all customer related cash flows, as generated in the Company’s financial activities. The ALCO actively evaluates and manages interest rate risk using a process developed by the Company. The ALCO is also responsible for approving our asset/liability management policies, overseeing the formulation and implementation of strategies to improve balance sheet positioning and earnings, and reviewing our interest rate sensitivity position.
The primary measures that management uses to evaluate short-term interest rate risk include (i) net interest income at risk, which projects the impact of different interest rate scenarios on net interest income over one-year and two-year time horizons; and (ii) economic value of equity at risk, which measures potential long-term risk in the balance sheet by valuing our assets and liabilities at “market” under different interest rate scenarios. In addition, management considers cumulative gap summary, which measures potential changes in cash flows should interest rates rise or fall.
These measures have historically been calculated under a simulation model prepared by an independent vendor assuming incremental 100 basis point shocks (or immediate shifts) in interest rates up to a total increase or decrease of 400 basis points, as well as non-parallel interest rate shifts. These simulations estimate the impact that various changes in the overall level of interest rates over a one- and two-year time horizon would have on net interest income and economic value of equity. The results help us develop strategies for managing exposure to interest rate risk. Like any forecasting technique, interest rate simulation modeling is based on a large number of assumptions. In this case, the assumptions relate primarily to asset and liability prepayments, deposit decay rates and interest rates. We believe that the assumptions are reasonable, both individually and in the aggregate. Nevertheless, the simulation modeling process produces only a sophisticated estimate, not a precise calculation of exposure. The overall interest rate risk management process is subject to annual review by an outside professional services firm to ascertain its effectiveness as required by Federal regulations.
Utilizing net interest income simulations, the following net interest income and economic value of equity metrics were calculated using rate shocks which move market rates in an immediate and parallel fashion. The variance percentages represent the change between the net interest income and economic value of equity calculated under the particular rate scenario versus the net interest income and economic value of equity that was calculated assuming market rates as of December 31, 2016.
The following table presents an analysis of the potential sensitivity of the Company’s net interest income and economic value of equity to changes in interest rates compared to the Company’s policy limits of the maximum allowable loss.
The Company’s strategy is generally to manage to a neutral interest rate risk position. However, given the current interest rate environment, the interest rate risk position has been managed to a modestly asset-sensitive position. Currently, rising rates are expected to have a modest, positive effect on net interest income versus net interest income if rates remained unchanged.
As of December 31, 2016, based on the results of this simulation model, which assumed a static environment with no contemplated asset growth or changes in our balance sheet management strategies, we could, for example, expect net interest income to increase by approximately 1.98% over twelve months if short-term interest rates immediately increased by 200 basis points, given that we are currently in an asset-sensitive position. Conversely, if short-term interest rates decreased by 200 basis points, net interest income could be expected to decrease by approximately 6.59% over twelve months, as the cost of interest-bearing liabilities would be unable to fully benefit from a 200 basis point decline in rate while our yield on interest-earning assets could suffer materially from the decline. As of December 31, 2015, based on the results of this simulation model, which assumed a static environment with no contemplated asset growth or changes in our balance sheet management strategies, we could expect net interest income to decrease by approximately 3.96% over twelve months if short-term interest rates immediately increased by 200 basis points. Similarly, if short-term interest rates decreased by 200 basis points, net interest income could be expected to decrease by approximately 2.66% over twelve months since we were in a liability-sensitive position at that time.
As of December 31, 2016, based on the results of this simulation model, which assumed a static environment with no contemplated asset growth or changes in our balance sheet management strategies, we could, for example, expect economic value of equity to decrease by approximately 5.77% over twelve months if short-term interest rates immediately increased by 200 basis points, given that we currently are in an asset-sensitive position. Similarly, if short-term interest rates decreased by 200 basis points, economic value of equity could be expected to decrease by approximately 7.60% over twelve months. As of December 31, 2015, based on the results of this simulation model, which assumed a static environment with no contemplated asset growth or changes in our balance sheet management strategies, we could, for example, expect economic value of equity to decrease by approximately 9.77% over twelve months if short-term interest rates immediately increased by 200 basis points. Conversely, if short-term interest rates decreased by 200 basis points, economic value of equity could be expected to increase by approximately 0.8% over twelve months.
Financial institutions are subject to interest rate risk to the degree that their interest-bearing liabilities, primarily deposits, mature or reprice more or less frequently, or on a different basis, than their interest-earning assets, primarily loans and investment securities. The match between the scheduled repricing and maturities of our interest-earning assets and liabilities within defined periods is referred to as “gap” analysis. The following table reflects our rate sensitive assets and liabilities by maturity as of December 31, 2016. Variable rate loans are shown in the category of due “within three months” because they reprice with changes in LIBOR or the prime lending rate. Fixed rate loans are presented assuming the entire loan matures on the final due date, although payments are actually made at regular intervals and are not reflected in this schedule.
We use certain derivative instruments to help manage economic and interest rate risk related to commercial loans, long-term debt and other funding sources. We also use derivatives to facilitate transactions on behalf of our customers. At December 31, 2016, the Company had derivative financial instruments with a total notional amount of $461.4 million, with a net fair value loss of $859 thousand. At times, we will be required to post collateral to certain counterparties when our loss positions exceed certain negotiated limits. At December 31, 2016, the Company posted collateral of approximately $1.2 million with counterparties. See Note 16 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our derivative financial instruments and hedging activities.
Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
As a financial institution, we have an asset and liability make-up that is distinctly different from that of an entity with substantial investments in plant and inventory, because the major portions of a commercial bank’s assets are monetary in nature. As a result, our performance may be significantly influenced by changes in interest rates. Although we, and the banking industry, are more affected by changes in interest rates than by inflation in the prices of goods and services, inflation is a factor that may influence interest rates. However, the frequency and magnitude of interest rate fluctuations do not necessarily coincide with changes in the general inflation rate. Inflation does affect operating expenses in that personnel expenses and the cost of supplies and outside services tend to increase more during periods of high inflation.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The section captioned “Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity” under Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this report is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 8.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered public accounting firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors
Park Sterling Corporation
Charlotte, North Carolina
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Park Sterling Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Park Sterling Corporation as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 10, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ DIXON HUGHES GOODMAN LLP
Charlotte, North Carolina
March 10, 2017
PARK STERLING CORP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
PARK STERLING CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
PARK STERLING CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
PARK STERLING CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
PARK STERLING CORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS
Park Sterling Corporation (the “Company”) was formed in 2010 to serve as the holding company for Park Sterling Bank (the “Bank”) pursuant to a bank holding company reorganization effective January 1, 2011, and is registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). The Bank is a North Carolina-chartered commercial nonmember bank that was incorporated in September 2006 and opened for business at 1043 E. Morehead Street, Suite 201, Charlotte, North Carolina on October 25, 2006. At December 31, 2016, the Company’s primary operations and business were that of owning the Bank. The main office of both the Company and the Bank is located at 1043 E. Morehead Street, Suite 201, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28204, and its phone number is (704) 716-2134.
In August 2010, the Bank raised gross proceeds of $150 million in an equity offering (the “Public Offering”), to facilitate a change in the Bank’s business plan from primarily organic growth at a moderate pace to creating a regional community bank through a combination of mergers and acquisitions and accelerated organic growth. Consistent with this growth strategy, over the past several years the Bank has opened additional branches in North Carolina and South Carolina and expanded into the Virginia market through the opening of two branches in Richmond, Virginia.
Also consistent with this strategy, on January 1, 2016 the Company acquired First Capital Bancorp, Inc. (“First Capital”), the parent company of First Capital Bank. As a result of the merger of First Capital into the Company, First Capital Bank, which operated eight branches in the Richmond, Virginia area, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and thereafter was merged into the Bank. The aggregate merger consideration consisted of approximately 8.4 million shares of Common Stock and approximately $25.8 million in cash. Based on the $7.32 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2015, the transaction value was approximately $87.1 million.
In addition, since the Public Offering, the Company has completed the following acquisitions of community banks in its existing or targeted markets:
●
In May 2014, the Company acquired Provident Community Bancshares, Inc. (“Provident Community”), the parent company of Provident Community Bank, N.A., which operated nine branches in South Carolina.
●
In October 2012, the Company acquired Citizens South Banking Corporation (“Citizens South”), the parent company of Citizens South Bank, which operated 21 branches in North Carolina, South Carolina and North Georgia.
●
In November 2011, the Company acquired Community Capital Corporation (“Community Capital”), the parent company of CapitalBank, which operated 18 branches in the Upstate and Midlands area of South Carolina.
Each of these banks has merged into the Bank.
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation - The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and prevailing practices within the banking industry. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Bank and the Company. The Company evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing of the consolidated financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, nonaccretable discounts, purchase accounting accretion adjustments, realization of deferred tax assets and the fair value of financial instruments and other accounts.
Segments - The Company, through the Bank, provides a broad range of financial services to individuals and companies. These services include personal, business and non-profit checking accounts, interest on lawyers trust accounts (“IOLTA”) accounts, individual retirement accounts, business and personal money market accounts, time deposits, overdraft protection, safe deposit boxes and online and mobile banking. Lending activities include a range of short-to medium-term commercial (including asset-based lending), real estate, construction, residential mortgage and home equity and consumer loans, as well as long-term residential mortgages. Wealth management activities include investment management, personal trust services, and investment brokerage services. Cash management activities include remote deposit capture, lockbox services, sweep accounts, purchasing cards, ACH and wire payments. Capital markets activities include interest rate and currency risk management products, loan syndications and debt placements. While the Company's decision makers monitor the revenue streams of the various financial products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on an organization-wide basis. Accordingly, the Company's banking and finance operations are not considered by management to constitute more than one reportable operating segment.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Reclassifications - Certain amounts reported in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on net income, comprehensive income, total assets or shareholders’ equity as previously reported.
Business Combinations, Method of Accounting for Loans Acquired, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) Indemnification Asset - Generally, acquisitions are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations. A business combination occurs when the Company acquires net assets that constitute a business, or acquires equity interests in one or more other entities that are businesses and obtains control over those entities. Business combinations are effected through the transfer of consideration consisting of cash and/or common stock and are accounted for using the acquisition method. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity are recorded at their respective fair values as of the closing date of the acquisition. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities, especially the loan portfolio, is a complicated process involving significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available. The results of operations of an acquired entity are included in our consolidated results from the closing date of the merger, and prior periods are not restated. No allowance for loan losses related to the acquired loans is recorded on the acquisition date because the fair value of the loans acquired incorporates assumptions regarding future credit losses. Loans acquired are recorded at fair value exclusive of any loss share agreements with the FDIC. The fair value estimates associated with the acquired loans include estimates related to expected prepayments and the amount and timing of expected principal, interest and other cash flows.
In connection with the Citizens South acquisition, the Bank assumed two purchase and assumption agreements that Citizens South entered into with the FDIC, providing for loss share agreements related to the covered assets. At acquisition, the estimated receivable from the FDIC was recorded at fair value and measured separately from the related covered assets because the indemnification asset is not contractually embedded in the covered assets or transferrable. The FDIC indemnification asset is measured at carrying value subsequent to initial measurement. Improved cash flows of the underlying covered assets will result in impairment of the FDIC indemnification asset and thus amortization through non-interest income. Impairment of the underlying covered assets will increase the cash flows of the FDIC indemnification asset and result in a credit to the provision for loan losses for acquired loans. Impairment and, when applicable, its subsequent reversal are included in the provision for loan losses in the consolidated statements of income. See Note 6 - FDIC Loss Share Agreements, for disclosure of the Bank’s early termination, on August 26, 2016, of the FDIC loss sharing agreements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, interest-earning balances at banks and Federal funds sold. Generally, Federal funds sold are repurchased the following day.
Investment Securities - Investment securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value and consist of debt instruments that are not classified as trading securities or as held to maturity securities. Investment securities held-to-maturity are reported at amortized cost. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, on available-for-sale securities are reported as a net amount in other comprehensive income. Gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined using the specific-identification method and are recorded on a trade date basis. Declines in the fair value of individual available-for-sale securities below their amortized cost that are other than temporary impairments would result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value and would be included in earnings as realized losses. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period to maturity.
Nonmarketable Equity Securities - Nonmarketable equity securities include the costs of the Company’s investments in the stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”). As a condition of membership, the Bank is required to hold stock in the FHLB. These securities do not have a readily determinable fair value as their ownership is restricted and there is no market for these securities. The Bank carries these nonmarketable equity securities at cost and periodically evaluates them for impairment. Management considers these nonmarketable equity securities to be long-term investments. Accordingly, when evaluating these securities for impairment, management considers the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than recognizing temporary declines in value. The primary factor supporting the carrying value of these securities is the commitment of the FHLB to perform its obligations, which includes providing credit and other services to the Bank. Upon request, the stock may be sold back to the FHLB, at cost.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The Company also has invested in the stock of several unaffiliated financial institutions. The Company owns less than five percent of the outstanding shares of each institution, and the stocks either have no quoted market value or are not readily marketable. Also included in nonmarketable equity securities is the investment in CSBC Statutory Trust I, Community Capital Corporation Statutory Trust I, Provident Community Bancshares Capital Trust I, Provident Community Bancshares Capital Trust II, and FCRV Statutory Trust I. See Note 4 - Investments and Note 11 - Borrowings.
Loans Held for Sale - Loans intended for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. This includes, but may not be limited to, loans originated through the Company’s mortgage activities. Residential mortgage loans originated and intended for sale are comprised of accepting residential mortgage loan applications, qualifying borrowers to standards established by investors, funding residential mortgages and selling mortgages to investors under pre-existing commitments.
Loans -Loans originated by the Company and which management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for any direct principal charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Interest on originated loans is calculated by using the simple interest method on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination fees are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment of the yield of the related loan. See Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses.
Purchased Credit-Impaired (“PCI”) Loans - Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered credit impaire. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include statistics such as internal risk grade and past due and nonaccrual status. Purchased impaired loans generally meet the Company’s definition for nonaccrual status. PCI loans are initially measured at fair value, which reflects estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, the associated allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over at the acquisition date. Any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference, and is available to absorb credit losses on those loans. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent significant increases in cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges, or a reclassification of the nonaccretable difference with a positive impact on future interest income.
Purchased Performing Loans - The Company accounts for performing loans acquired in business combinations using the contractual cash flows method of recognizing discount accretion based on the acquired loans’ contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount. The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing loans. A provision for loan losses is recorded for any further deterioration in these loans subsequent to the acquisition.
Nonperforming Loans - For all classes of loans, except PCI loans, loans are placed on non-accrual status upon becoming contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest (unless they are adequately secured by collateral, are in the process of collection and are reasonably expected to result in repayment), when terms are renegotiated below market levels in response to a financially distressed borrower or guarantor, or where substantial doubt about full repayment of principal or interest is evident.
When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and the loan is accounted for on the cash or cost recovery method until qualifying for return to accrual status. All payments received on non-accrual loans are applied against the principal balance of the loan. A loan may be returned to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal become current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement and when doubt about repayment is resolved. Generally, for all classes of loans, a charge-off is recorded when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and when it is possible to determine a reasonable estimate of the loss.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Impaired Loans - For all classes of loans, except PCI loans, loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Impaired loans may include all classes of nonaccrual loans and loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"). If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the interest rate implicit in the original agreement or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is probable, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.
Loans Modified in a TDR - Loans are considered to be a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial condition, the Company makes certain concessions to the original contract terms related to amount, interest rate, amortization or maturity that it would not otherwise consider. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that has been modified in a TDR remains on nonaccrual status for a period of at least six months to demonstrate that the borrower is able to meet the terms of the modified loan. However, performance prior to the modification, or significant events that coincide with the modification, are included in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of loan modification or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower's ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, the loan remains on nonaccrual status.
Allowance for Loan Losses - The allowance for loan losses is based upon management's ongoing evaluation of the loan portfolio and reflects an amount considered by management to be its best estimate of known and inherent losses in the portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a high degree of judgment and complexity. In making the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management considers current economic and market conditions, independent loan reviews performed periodically by third parties, portfolio trends and concentrations, delinquency information, management's internal review of the loan portfolio, internal historical loss rates and other relevant factors. While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations. In addition, regulatory examiners may require the Company to recognize changes to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Although provisions have been established by loan segments based upon management's assessment of their differing inherent loss characteristics, the entire allowance for losses on loans, other than the portions related to PCI loans and specific reserves on impaired loans, is available to absorb further loan losses in any segment. Further information regarding the Company’s policies and methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses is presented in Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses.
Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) - Real estate acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure is held for sale and is recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and further write-downs are made based on these valuations. Revenue and expenses from operations are included in other expense.
Premises and Equipment - Company premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally 39.5 years for buildings and 3 to 7 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the term of the respective lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred and additions and improvements to premises and equipment are capitalized. Upon sale or retirement, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gains or losses are reflected in current operations.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible assets consist primarily of goodwill and core deposit intangibles that result from the acquisition of other banks. Core deposit intangibles represent the value of long-term deposit relationships acquired in these transactions. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the sum of the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less the estimated fair value of the liabilities assumed. Goodwill has an indefinite useful life and is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.
The goodwill impairment analysis is a two-step test. The first step, used to identify potential impairment, involves comparing the reporting unit’s estimated fair value to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, there is an indication of potential impairment and the second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment of goodwill assigned to that reporting unit.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
If required, the second step involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill for each reporting unit for which the first step indicated impairment. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to the amount of goodwill calculated in a business combination, by measuring the excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step, over the aggregate estimated fair values of the individual assets, liabilities and identifiable intangibles as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the carrying value of the goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. An impairment loss cannot exceed the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit, and the loss establishes a new basis of goodwill.
In September 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08, which gives entities the option of first performing a qualitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment on a reporting-unit-by-reporting-unit basis. If, after performing the qualitative assessment, an entity concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the entity would perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC 350. However, if, after applying the qualitative assessment, the entity concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required.
The Company performed the qualitative assessment as outlined in ASU 2011-08 in assessing the carrying value of goodwill related to its acquisitions as of October 1, 2016, its annual test date, and determined that it was unlikely that the fair value was less than the carrying amount and that no further testing or impairment charge was necessary. Should the Company’s future earnings and cash flows decline and/or discount rates increase, an impairment charge to goodwill and other intangible assets may be required. There have been no events subsequent to the October 1, 2016 evaluation that caused the Company to perform an interim review of the carrying value of goodwill related to any of its acquisitions.
Core deposit intangibles are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the deposit accounts acquired (generally ten years on a straight line basis).
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - The Company sells certain securities under agreements to repurchase. The agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The dollar amount of the securities underlying the agreements remains in the asset accounts.
Advertising Costs - Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and advertising communication costs the first time the advertising takes place. The Company may establish accruals for advertising expenses within the course of a fiscal year.
Income Taxes - Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities (excluding deferred tax assets and liabilities related to components of other comprehensive income). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets generally is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal income tax as well as state and local income tax in several jurisdictions. Tax years 2013 through 2015 remain open to examination by the Federal and state taxing authorities as of December 31, 2016. Interest and penalties related to income taxes are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of noninterest expense.
Per Share Results - Basic earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the additional shares that would have been outstanding if diluted potential shares had been issued.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings per common share have been computed based upon net income as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding or assumed to be outstanding as summarized below in each case as of December 31,:
At December 31, 2016, there were 1,405,515 stock options and 405,732 restricted shares outstanding. Dilutive stock options and restricted shares totaled 297,264 and 102,573 at December 31, 2016, respectively. At December 31, 2015, there were 2,094,493 stock options and 959,305 restricted shares outstanding. Dilutive stock options and restricted shares totaled 267,138 and 98,712 December 31, 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2014, there were 2,162,340 stock options and 921,095 restricted shares outstanding. Dilutive stock options and restricted shares totaled 243,617 and 78,925 at December 31, 2014, respectively. See Note 19 - Employee and Director Benefit Plans for more information.
Share-Based Compensation - The Company may grant share-based compensation to employees, directors and other eligible parties in the form of stock options, restricted stock or other instruments. Share-based compensation expense is measured based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant and is charged to earnings on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is currently up to seven years. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and related assumptions. The amortization of share-based compensation is adjusted for actual forfeiture experience. The fair value of restricted stock awards, subject to share price performance vesting requirements, is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation and related estimated assumptions for volatility and a risk free interest rate.
The compensation expense for share-based compensation plans was $1.4 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities - The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements, considered to be cash flow hedges, as part of the management of interest rate risk to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of its portfolios of interest-bearing liabilities. Under the guidelines of ASC 815-10, “Derivatives and Hedging,” all derivative instruments are required to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet.
Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheet as either a freestanding asset or liability, with a corresponding offset recorded in other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity, net of tax. Amounts are reclassified from other comprehensive income to the income statement in the period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Cash flows from cash flow hedges are classified in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged. Derivative gains and losses not effective in hedging the expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in the income statement. At the hedge’s inception and at least quarterly thereafter, a formal assessment is performed to determine the effectiveness of the cash flow hedge. If it is determined that a derivative instrument has not been or will not continue to be highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued. See Note 16 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Fair value hedges are accounted for under ASC Topic 815 which requires that the method selected for assessing hedge effectiveness must be reasonable, be defined at the inception of the hedging relationship and be applied consistently throughout the hedging relationship. The Company uses the dollar-offset method for assessing effectiveness using the cumulative approach. The dollar-offset method compares the fair value of the hedging derivative with the fair value of the hedged exposure. The cumulative approach involves comparing the cumulative changes in the hedging derivative’s fair value to the cumulative changes in the hedged exposure’s fair value. The calculation of dollar offset is the change in clean fair value of the hedging derivative, divided by the change in fair value of the hedged exposure attributable to changes in the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) curve. To the extent that the cumulative change in fair value of the hedging derivative offsets from 80% to 125% of the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged exposure, the hedge will be deemed effective. The change in fair value of the hedging derivative and the change in fair value of the hedged exposure are recorded in earnings. Any hedge ineffectiveness is also reflected in current earnings. Cash flows from fair value hedges are classified in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
If a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge is terminated or the hedge designation removed, the difference between a hedged item’s then carrying amount and its face amount is recognized into income over the original hedge period. Likewise, if a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is terminated or the hedge designation removed, related amounts accumulated in other accumulated comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings over the original hedge period during which the hedged item affects income.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - The following is a summary of recent authoritative pronouncements:
In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, “Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items” (“ASU 2015-01”). ASU 2015-01 eliminated from U.S. GAAP the concept of an extraordinary item, which is an event or transaction that is both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. The guidance became effective for the Company for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of this standard had no effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, “Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis” (“ASU 2015-02”). ASU 2015-02 amended the consolidation requirements in ASC 810 Consolidation. The amendments change the consolidation analysis required under U.S. GAAP, and modify how variable interests held by a reporting entity’s related parties affect its consolidation conclusions. The amendments became effective for the Company for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Adoption of this standard had no effect on the Company’s financial statements.
During the first quarter of 2016, the Company also adopted ASU 2015-03, “Interest- Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-300: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs)” (“ASU 2015-03”). The amendments in this ASU require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2015 and interim periods within that year. This guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
During the first quarter of 2016, the Company adopted ASU 2015-16, “Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement Period Adjustments” (“ASU 2015-16”). ASU 2015-16 simplifies the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination by eliminating the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments. The amendments in ASU 2015-16 were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. This guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company early adopted, with an effective date of January 1, 2016, ASU 2016-09, “Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which is intended to improve accounting for share-based payment award transactions. ASU 2016-09 simplifies share-based transactions including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. During the fourth quarter, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $798 thousand, representing excess tax benefits that previously would have been recognized, under the former standard, in additional paid in capital. The early adoption favorably impacted both basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.02 for the year; such amount was recorded in the fourth quarter as the impact on prior quarters was not material.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Topic 606 (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard's core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under existing guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In August of 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Topic 606: Deferral of the Effective Date, deferring the effective date of ASU 2014-09 until annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The standard can be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this new guidance recognized at the date of initial application. Our revenue is comprised of net interest income on financial assets and financial liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09, and non-interest income. We are currently analyzing our noninterest income to determine the impact of this new standard; but we do not expect the changes will have a significant impact on our financial statements.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
On January 5, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”). Changes to the current GAAP model primarily affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The guidance will be effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact of this update on its financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”), which is intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. ASU 2016-02 will require organizations (“lessees”) that lease assets with lease terms of more than twelve months to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Financial reporting for organizations that own the assets leased by lessees (“lessors”) will remain largely unchanged from current GAAP. In addition, the ASU will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The effective date of this ASU is for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that year. The Company has reviewed its outstanding lease agreements and has centrally documented the terms of its leases. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in relation to its outstanding leases to determine the potential impact on its financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) as part of its project on financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The effective date of this ASU is for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The implementation of ASU 2016-13 will have a significant impact on both the method of estimating credit losses as well as the amount of credit losses reflected in the Company’s financial statements. The Company is currently in a planning phase for implementation of the new standard and its expected impact on its financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments: (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight classification issues related to the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Entities will apply the standard's provisions using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company does not believe this guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
First Capital
On January 1, 2016, the Company acquired First Capital pursuant to the merger agreement dated September 30, 2015. Upon completion of the merger, First Capital common shareholders received either $5.54 in cash or 0.7748 Park Sterling shares for each First Capital share they held, subject to the limitation that the total consideration for shareholders consisted of 30.0% in cash and 70.0% in Park Sterling shares; First Capital warrant holders received either $1.77 in cash or 0.24755 Park Sterling shares for each First Capital warrant they held, subject to the limitation that the total consideration for warrant holders consisted of 30.0% in cash and 70.0% in Park Sterling shares; and each outstanding option to purchase shares of First Capital common stock was converted into the right to receive cash equal to the product of (a) $5.54 minus the per share exercise price of such option, and (b) the number of shares of First Capital common stock subject to the option. After application of the elections made by the holders of First Capital’s common stock and warrants and the allocation procedures contained in the merger agreement, the aggregate merger consideration consisted of approximately 8,376,094 shares of the Company’s common stock and approximately $25.8 million in cash. Based upon the $7.32 per share closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2015, the transaction value was approximately $87.1 million.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed from First Capital were recorded at their fair value as of the closing date of the merger. Fair values were preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding the closing date fair values became available. Goodwill of $34.5 million was initially recorded at the time of the acquisition. As a result of refinements to the fair value mark on nonmarketable equity securities, deferred tax asset, other assets and other liabilities, goodwill as indicated below is $0.4 million less than the goodwill estimated at the time of acquisition; these refinements had no impact on the statement of income. The following table summarizes the consideration paid by the Company in the merger with First Capital and the amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed recognized at the acquisition date:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity, with gross unrealized gains and losses, at December 31 follows:
In 2014, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) with a fair market value of $58.5 million were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. These securities had an aggregate unrealized loss of $2.2 million ($1.5 million, net of tax) on the date of transfer. The net unamortized, unrealized loss on the transferred securities included in accumulated other comprehensive pre-tax income in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 totaled $1.7 million. This amount was amortized out of accumulated other comprehensive income over the remaining life of the underlying securities as an adjustment of the yield on those securities. As a result, the amortized cost of these investments of $54.0 million is higher than the $52.3 million carrying value of the securities as of December 31, 2015. There were no transfers of securities during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, investment securities with a fair market value of $152.2 million and $154.9 million, respectively, were pledged to secure repurchase agreements, to secure public and trust deposits, to secure interest rate swaps, and for other purposes as required and permitted by law.
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, commercial mortgage-backed obligations include $56.7 million and $51.1 million, respectively, of delegated underwriting and servicing (“DUS”) bonds collateralized by multi-family properties and backed by an agency of the United States government, and $6.0 million of private-label securities collateralized by commercial properties.
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, included within the asset-backed securities balance of $85 million are collateralized loan obligations totaling $33.9 million at December 31, 2016 and $43.8 million at December 31, 2015. Included in these amounts are $4.1 million and $5.4 million of a security equally collateralized by the Federal Family Education loan Program and Private Student Loan Programs as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity aggregated by maturity at December 31, 2016 is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. All of the Company’s residential agency-pass through securities and residential collateralized mortgage obligations are backed by an agency of the United States government. None of our residential agency-pass through securities and residential collateralized mortgage obligations are private-label securities.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Sales of investment securities available-for-sale for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Management evaluates its investments quarterly for other than temporary impairment, relying primarily on industry analyst reports, observation of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations. The following table shows gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 and 2015. None of the securities are deemed to be other than temporarily impaired since none of the unrealized losses relate to the marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to honor redemption obligations, as all but one of the bonds are issued by United States government agencies with the remaining bond being partially guaranteed by a government agency, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2016, there are 6 securities in a loss position for twelve months or more. At December 31, 2015, 18 securities were in a loss position for twelve months or more.
The Company has nonmarketable equity securities consisting of investments in several unaffiliated financial institutions, as well as the investments in five statutory trusts. These investments totaled $17.5 million and $11.4 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Included in these amounts were $14.9 million and $10.0 million of FHLB stock at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. All nonmarketable equity securities were evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The following factors have been considered in determining the carrying amount of FHLB stock: (1) management’s current belief that the Company has sufficient liquidity to meet all operational needs in the foreseeable future and would not need to dispose of the stock below recorded amounts, (2) management’s belief that the FHLB has the ability to absorb economic losses given the expectation that the FHLB has a high degree of government support and (3) redemptions and purchases of the stock are at the discretion of the FHLB. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company estimated that the fair values of nonmarketable equity securities equaled or exceeded the cost of each of these investments and, therefore, the investments were not impaired.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 5 - LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The Company’s loan portfolio was comprised of the following at December 31:
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had sold participations in loans aggregating $20.2 million and $12.5 million, respectively, to other financial institutions on a nonrecourse basis. Collections on loan participations and remittances to participating institutions conform to customary banking practices.
The Bank accepts residential mortgage loan applications and funds loans of qualified borrowers. Funded loans are sold with limited recourse to investors under the terms of pre-existing commitments. The Bank executes all of its loan sales agreements under best efforts contracts with investors. From time to time, the Company may choose to hold certain mortgage loans on balance sheet. In addition, as part of the Provident Community merger, the Company serviced $2.3 million and $2.8 million residential mortgage loans for the benefit of others as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Loans sold are 1-4 family residential mortgages originated by the Company and sold to various other financial institutions. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the loan is represented by the contractual notional amount of the loan. Since only a few loans have been returned to the Company, the amount of total loans sold does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Total loans sold with limited recourse in 2016 and 2015 was $114 million and $98.7 million, respectively.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date that are included in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
Concentrations of Credit - Loans are primarily made within the Company’s operating footprint of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. Real estate loans can be affected by the condition of the local real estate market. Commercial and industrial loans can be affected by the local economic conditions. The commercial loan portfolio has concentrations in business loans secured by real estate including construction loans and real estate development loans. Primary concentrations in the consumer loan portfolio include home equity lines of credit and residential mortgages. At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had no loans outstanding with non-United States entities.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Allowance for Loan Losses - The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the balance in the allowance for loan losses disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment measurement method and the related recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The Company’s loan loss allowance methodology includes four components, as described below:
1) Specific Reserve Component. Specific reserves represent the current impairment estimate on specific loans, for which it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to contractual terms based on current information and events. Impairment measurement reflects only a deterioration of credit quality and not changes in market rates that may cause a change in the fair value of the impaired loan. The amount of impairment may be measured in one of three ways, including (i) calculating the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s interest rate implicit in the original document and deducting estimated selling costs, if any; (ii) observing quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments traded in active markets, or employing model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market; and (iii) determining the fair value of collateral, which is utilized for both collateral-dependent loans and for loans when foreclosure is probable.
2) Quantitative Reserve Component. Quantitative reserves represent the current loss contingency estimate on pools of loans, which is an estimate of the amount for which it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due on homogeneous groups of loans according to contractual terms should one or more events occur, excluding those loans specifically identified above.
The historical loss experience of the Company is collected quarterly by evaluating internal loss data. The estimated historical loss rates are grouped by loan product type. The Company utilizes average historical losses to represent management’s estimate of losses inherent in a particular portfolio. The historical look back period is estimated by loan type, and the Company applies the appropriate historical loss period which best reflects the inherent loss in the applicable portfolio considering prevailing market conditions. The historical look back period utilized by management for all loan types was 15 quarters for both 2016 and 2015.
The Company also performs a quantitative calculation on the acquired purchased performing loan portfolio. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing loans. The historical loss experience discussed above is applied to the acquired purchased performing loan portfolio and the result is compared to the remaining fair value mark on this portfolio. A provision for loan losses is recorded for any further deterioration in these loans subsequent to the acquisition. This analysis indicated a need for a $257 thousand and $178 thousand provision for loan losses for the acquired purchased performing portfolio at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The remaining mark on the acquired purchased performing loan portfolio was $3.4 million and $2.1 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
3) Qualitative Reserve Component. Qualitative reserves represent an estimate of the amount for which it is probable that environmental or other relevant factors will cause the aforementioned loss contingency estimate to differ from the Company’s historical loss experience or other assumptions. These factors include portfolio trends, portfolio concentrations, economic and market conditions, changes in lending practices, changes in loan review systems, geographical considerations and other factors. Each of the factors, except other factors, can range from 0.00% (not applicable) to 0.15% (very high). Other factors are reviewed on a situational basis and are adjusted in 5 basis point increments, up or down, with a maximum of 0.50%. Details of the seven environmental factors for inclusion in the allowance methodology are as follows:
i.
Portfolio trends, which may relate to such factors as type or level of loan origination activity, changes in asset quality (i.e., past due, special mention, non-performing) and/or changes in collateral values;
ii.
Portfolio concentrations, which may relate to individual borrowers and/or guarantors, geographic regions, industry sectors, loan types and/or other factors;
iii.
Economic and market trends, which may relate to trends and/or levels of gross domestic production, unemployment, bankruptcies, foreclosures, housing starts, housing prices, equity prices, competitor activities and/or other factors;
iv.
Changes in lending practices, which may relate to changes in credit policies, procedures, systems or staff;
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
v.
Changes in loan review system, which may introduce variation in loan grading, collateral adequacy and valuation and impairment classification;
vi.
Geographical considerations, which may relate to economic and/or environmental issues unique to a geographical area including but not limited to elimination of a major employer, natural disaster, or long-term states of emergency; and
vii.
Other factors, which is intended to capture the incremental adjustment, by loan type, to internally calculated minimum reserves as well as environmental factors not specifically identified above.
In addition, qualitative reserves on purchased performing loans are based on the Company’s judgment around the timing difference expected to occur between accretion of the fair market value credit adjustment and realization of actual loan losses.
4) Reserve on PCI Loans. In determining the acquisition date fair value of PCI loans, and in subsequent accounting, the Company generally aggregates purchased loans into pools of loans with common risk characteristics. Expected cash flows at the acquisition date in excess of the fair value of loans are recorded as interest income over the life of the loans using a level yield method if the timing and amount of the future cash flows of the pool is reasonably estimable. Subsequent to the acquisition date, significant increases in cash flows over those expected at the acquisition date are recognized as interest income prospectively. Decreases in expected cash flows after the acquisition date are recognized by recording an allowance for loan losses. In pools where impairment has already been recognized, an increase in cash flows will result in a reversal of prior impairment. Management analyzes these acquired loan pools using various assessments of risk to determine and calculate an expected loss. The expected loss is derived using an estimate of a loss given default based upon the collateral type and/or specific review by loan officers of loans generally greater than $1.0 million, and the probability of default that was determined based upon management’s review of the loan portfolio. Trends are reviewed in terms of traditional credit metrics such as accrual status, past due status, and weighted average risk grade of the loans within each of the accounting pools. In addition, the relationship between the change in the unpaid principal balance and change in the fair value mark is assessed to correlate the directional consistency of the expected loss for each pool.
There were no outstanding reserves on PCI loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
The Company evaluates and estimates off-balance sheet credit exposure at the same time it estimates credit losses for loans by a similar process. These estimated credit losses are not recorded as part of the allowance for loan losses, but are recorded to a separate liability account by a charge to income, if material. Loan commitments, unused lines of credit and standby letters of credit make up the off-balance sheet items reviewed for potential credit losses. At both December 31, 2016 and 2015, $125 thousand was recorded as an other liability for off-balance sheet credit exposure.
Credit Quality Indicators - The Company uses several credit quality indicators to manage credit risk in an ongoing manner. The Company's primary credit quality indicator is an internal credit risk rating system that categorizes loans into pass, special mention, or classified categories. Credit risk ratings are applied individually to those classes of loans that have significant or unique credit characteristics that benefit from a case-by-case evaluation. These are typically loans to businesses or individuals in the classes that comprise the commercial portfolio segment. Groups of loans that are underwritten and structured using standardized criteria and characteristics, such as statistical models (e.g., credit scoring or payment performance), are typically risk rated and monitored collectively. These are typically loans to individuals in the classes that comprise the consumer portfolio segment.
The following are the definitions of the Company's credit quality indicators:
Pass:
Loans in classes that comprise the commercial and consumer portfolio segments that are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. PCI loans that were recorded at estimated fair value on the acquisition date are generally assigned a “pass” loan grade because their net financial statement value is based on the present value of expected cash flows. Management believes there is a low likelihood of loss related to those loans that are considered pass.
Special Mention:
Loans in classes that comprise the commercial and consumer portfolio segments that have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If not addressed, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. Management believes there is a moderate likelihood of some loss related to those loans that are considered special mention.
Classified:
Loans in the classes that comprise the commercial and consumer portfolio segments that are inadequately protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Management believes that there is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies related to classified loans are not corrected in a timely manner.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The Company's credit quality indicators are periodically updated on a case-by-case basis. The following tables present the recorded investment in the Company's loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, by loan class and by credit quality indicator.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Aging Analysis of Accruing and Non-Accruing Loans - The Company considers a loan to be past due or delinquent when the terms of the contractual obligation are not met by the borrower. PCI loans are included as a single category in the table below as management believes, regardless of their age, there is a lower likelihood of aggregate loss related to these loan pools. Additionally, PCI loans are discounted to allow for the accretion of income on a level yield basis over the life of the loan based on expected cash flows. Regardless of accruing status, the associated discount on these loan pools results in income recognition. The following table presents, by class, an aging analysis of the Company’s accruing and non-accruing loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Impaired Loans - For all classes of loans, except PCI loans, loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Impaired loans may include all classes of nonaccrual loans and loans modified in a TDR. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the rate implicit in the original loan agreement or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans, by class, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is shown in the table below.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $297 thousand of interest income with respect to impaired loans, specifically accruing TDRs, within the period the loans were impaired. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized $190 thousand of interest income with respect to impaired loans, specifically accruing TDRs, within the period the loans were impaired. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized $379 thousand of interest income with respect to impaired loans, specifically accruing TDRs, within the period the loans were impaired.
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans - It is the general policy of the Company to place a loan on nonaccrual status when there is a probable loss or when there is reasonable doubt that all principal and interest will be collected, or when it is over 90 days past due. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were $1.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in loans past due 90 days or more and accruing interest. These loans are secured and considered fully collectible at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The recorded investment in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2016 and 2015 follows:
Interest income included in the results of operations for 2016, 2015 and 2014, with respect to loans that subsequently went to nonaccrual, totaled $74 thousand, $78 thousand and $158 thousand, respectively. If interest on these loans had been accrued in accordance with their original terms, interest income would have increased by $1.1 million, $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans - PCI loans had an unpaid principal balance of $109.8 million and a carrying value of $85.5 million at December 31, 2016. PCI loans had an unpaid principal balance of $121.0 million and a carrying value of $94.9 million at December 31, 2015. PCI loans represented 2.6% and 3.8% of total assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Determining the fair value of the PCI loans required the Company to estimate cash flows expected to result from those loans and to discount those cash flows at appropriate rates of interest and taking into account prepayment assumptions. For such loans, the excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is recognized as interest income over the remaining lives of the loans and is called the accretable yield. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition reflects the impact of estimated credit losses and is called the nonaccretable difference. In accordance with GAAP, there was no carry-over of previously established allowance for loan losses from acquired companies.
In conjunction with the First Capital acquisition, the PCI loan portfolio was accounted for at fair value as follows:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
A summary of changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 follows.
Troubled Debt Restructuring - In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, management may grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a TDR. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify to more affordable terms. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. All loan modifications are made on a case-by-case basis.
The Company allocated $198 thousand and $192 thousand, respectively, of specific reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in a TDR as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had 11TDR loans totaling $2.9 million, of which $374 thousand are nonaccrual loans. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had 14 TDR loans totaling $3.3 million, of which $466 thousand are nonaccrual loans.
The following table presents a breakdown of the types of concessions made by loan class during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Commercial TDRs - Commercial TDRs (including commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, AC&D and other commercial loans) often result from a workout where an existing commercial loan is restructured and a concession is given. These workouts may involve lengthening the amortization period of the amortized principal beyond market terms, or reducing the interest rate below market terms for the original remaining life of the loan. In the case of extended amortization, this concession reduces the minimum monthly payment and increases the balloon payment at the end of the term of the loan. Other concessions can potentially involve forgiveness of principal, collateral concessions, or reduction of accrued interest. The impact of the TDR on the allowance for loan losses is based on the changes in borrower payment performance rather than just the TDR classification. All TDRs are designated as impaired loans. TDRs, like other impaired loans, are measured based on discounted cash flows, comparing the modified loan to pre-modified terms or, if the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent, collateral value less anticipated selling costs. TDRs having a book balance of less than $150,000, along with other impaired loans of similar size, are measured in a pooled approach utilizing loss given default and probability of default parameters. TDRs may remain in accruing status if the borrower remains less than 90 days past due per the restructured loan terms and no loss is expected. A borrower may be considered for removal from TDR status if it is no longer experiencing financial difficulties and can qualify for new loan terms, which do not represent a concession, subject to the normal underwriting standards and processes for similar extensions of credit. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has one commercial TDR with a reduced interest rate and three commercial TDRs where an extension of maturities was granted. All commercial TDRs are paying according to the terms of the modification as of December 31, 2016.
Consumer TDRs - Consumer TDRs (including residential mortgage, HELOC, residential construction and other consumer loans) often result from a workout where an existing loan is modified and a concession is given. These workouts typically lengthen the amortization period of the amortized principal beyond market terms or reduce the interest rate below market terms. The impact of the TDR on the allowance for loan losses is based on the changes in borrower payment performance rather than the TDR classification. TDRs like other impaired loans are measured based on discounted cash flows or collateral value, less anticipated selling costs, of the modified loan using pre-modified interest rates. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has two consumer TDRs where an extension of maturities was granted. All consumer TDRs are paying according to the terms of the modification as of December 31, 2016.
The following table presents loans modified as TDRs within the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, and for which there was a payment default during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
The Company does not deem a TDR to be successful until it has been re-established as an accruing loan. The following table presents the successes and failures of the types of modifications indicated within the 12 months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Related Party Loans - From time to time, the Company engages in loan transactions with its directors, executive officers and their related interests (collectively referred to as “related parties”). Such loans are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms and collateral as those for comparable transactions prevailing at the time and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. A summary of activity in loans to related parties is as follows:
Loans to Directors, Executive Officers and Their Related Interests
At December 31, 2016, the Company had pre-approved but unused lines of credit totaling $716 thousand to related parties.
NOTE 6 -FDIC LOSS SHARE AGREEMENTS
In connection with the Citizens South acquisition, the Bank assumed two purchase and assumption agreements with the FDIC that covered approximately $17.7 million of covered loans and $1.2 million of covered OREO as of December 31, 2015. Citizens South acquired these assets in prior transactions with the FDIC.
On August 26, 2016, the Bank entered into an early termination agreement with the FDIC (“Termination Agreement”) pursuant to which it terminated the FDIC loss share agreements associated with both of the purchase and assumption agreements. Under the terms of the Termination Agreement, the Bank made a net payment of $4.4 million to the FDIC as consideration for early termination of the loss share agreements. The early termination resulted in a net one-time after-tax charge of approximately $15 thousand during the third quarter of 2016. As a result of entering into the Termination Agreement, assets that were covered by the loss share agreements, including loans of $15.1 million and other real estate owned of $380 thousand at June 30, 2016, were reclassified as non-covered at September 30, 2016.
All rights and obligations of the Bank and the FDIC under the loss share agreements, including the clawback provisions and the settlement of outstanding loss share claims, were resolved and terminated under the Termination Agreement. The termination of the FDIC loss share agreements had no impact on the yields of the loans previously covered under the agreements. The Bank will recognize all future recoveries, losses and expenses related to the previously covered assets since the FDIC will no longer share in those amounts.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The following table provides changes in the estimated receivable from the FDIC during 2016 and 2015:
In relation to the FDIC indemnification asset at December 31, 2015, there was an expected "true-up" with the FDIC related to the loss share agreements described above. The loss share agreements between the Bank and the FDIC each contained a provision that obligated the Company to make a "true-up" payment to the FDIC if the realized losses of each of these acquired banks were less than expected. At December 31, 2015, the “true-up” liability was estimated to be $5.7 million and is recorded in other liabilities on the balance sheet.
NOTE 7 - OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED
The Company owned $2.4 million and $5.5 million in total OREO at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The portion of OREO covered under the loss share agreements with the FDIC at December 31, 2015 totaled $1.2 million. As described in Note 6 - FDIC Loss Share Agreements, during 2016 the Company terminated these loss share agreements resulting in all remaining covered OREO being transferred to non-covered.
Transactions in OREO for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized below:
As of December 31, 2016, the Company has $2.1 million of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 8 - PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
The following is a summary of premises and equipment at December 31:
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $5.1 million, $4.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively. These amounts are included in the occupancy and equipment expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
NOTE 9 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
In accordance with GAAP, the Company does not amortize goodwill. However, core deposit intangible assets are amortized over the estimated life of the asset. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, intangible assets consisted of core deposit premiums, net of accumulated amortization, and amounted to $11.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively. Amortization expense related to the core deposit premium was $1.8 million, $1.4 million, and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Amortization of core deposit intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over an amortization period of ten years. Estimated amortization expense for the years ending December 31 is as follows (dollars in thousand):
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company evaluated the carrying value of goodwill as of October 1, 2016, its annual test date, and determined that no impairment charge was necessary. Should the Company’s future earnings and cash flows decline and/or discount rates increase, an impairment charge to goodwill and other intangible assets may be required. There have been no events subsequent to the October 1, 2016 evaluation that caused the Company to perform an interim review of the carrying value of goodwill. The following table presents a rollforward of goodwill by acquired bank:
NOTE 10 - DEPOSITS
The following is a summary of deposits at December 31:
The aggregate amounts of time deposits in denominations of $250,000 or more at December 31, 2016 and 2015, were $101.9 million and $73.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2016, the scheduled maturities of time deposits, which include brokered certificates of deposit, certificates of deposit and other time deposits are as follows:
Interest expense on time deposits totaled $5.8 million, $3.2 million and $3.1 million in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
From time to time, the Company engages in deposit transactions with its directors, executive officers and their related interests (collectively referred to as “related parties”). Such deposits are made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms as those for comparable transactions prevailing at the time. The total amount of related party deposits at December 31, 2016 was $9.6 million.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 11 - BORROWINGS
Borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consist of the following:
(1)
Adjustable rate based on three-month LIBOR plus 11 basis points.
(2)
Adjustable rate based on three-month LIBOR plus 3 basis points.
(3)
Adjustable rate based on three-month LIBOR plus 4 basis points.
(4)
Adjustable rate based on one-month LIBOR plus 437.5 basis points
At December 31, 2016, the Company had an additional $386.5 million of credit available from the FHLB, $331.3 million of credit available from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and $70.0 million of credit available from correspondent banks.
FHLB borrowing agreements provide for lines of credit up to 20% of the Bank’s assets. The FHLB borrowings are collateralized by a blanket pledge arrangement on all residential first mortgage loans, HELOCs and loans secured by multi-family real estate that the Bank owns. At December 31, 2016, the carrying value of loans pledged as collateral to the FHLB and the Federal Reserve totaled $1.0 billion.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
As a result of its mergers, the Company’s capital structure includes trust preferred securities, reflected as junior subordinated debt above, previously issued by the predecessor companies through specially formed trusts. The combined total amount outstanding of the acquired trusts as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $43.3 million ($28.5 million, net of mark to market) and $38.1 million ($24.3 million, net of mark to market), respectively. The proceeds of the sales of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase junior subordinated debt from the predecessor companies, which are presented as junior subordinated debt in the consolidated balance sheets and qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 Capital for regulatory purposes, subject to certain limitations.
Community Capital previously had formed Community Capital Corporation Statutory Trust I, an unconsolidated statutory business trust, which issued $10.3 million ($6.1 million, net of mark to market) of trust preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The rate on the trust preferred securities acquired through the Community Capital merger adjusts quarterly to three-month LIBOR plus 1.55%.
Citizens South previously had formed CSBC Statutory Trust I, an unconsolidated statutory business trust, which issued $15.5 million ($9.4 million, net of mark to market) of trust preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The rate on the trust preferred securities acquired through the Citizens South merger adjusts quarterly to three-month LIBOR plus 1.57%.
Provident Community previously had formed Provident Community Bancshares Capital Trust I and Provident Community Bancshares Capital Trust II. Each trust is an unconsolidated statutory business trust, which issued $4.1 million ($2.6 million, net of mark to market) and $8.2 million ($5.3 million, net of mark to market), respectively, of trust preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The rate on each of the trust preferred securities acquired through the Provident Community merger adjusts quarterly to three-month LIBOR plus 1.74%.
First Capital previously had formed FCRV Statutory Trust I, an unconsolidated statutory business trust which issued $5.2 million ($3.8 million net of mark to market) of trust preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The trust preferred securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest equal to three-month LIBOR plus 1.70% which adjusts, and is payable quarterly. The trust preferred securities may be redeemed at par beginning on September 15, 2011 and each quarter after such date until the notes mature on September 15, 2036.
The Company has fully and unconditionally guaranteed each trust’s obligations under the preferred securities. The amounts presented are after related acquisition accounting fair market value adjustments. The proceeds of the sales of the trust preferred securities were used to purchase junior subordinated debt from the predecessor companies, which are presented as junior subordinated debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets of the Company and qualify for inclusion in Tier 1 Capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
In connection with the acquisition of First Capital, the Company assumed a variable rate $6.5 million subordinated loan with a financial institution. The outstanding balance at acquisition date was $4.8 million, while the balance outstanding as of December 31, 2016 was $4.7 million. This subordinated loan has a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest equal to one-month LIBOR plus 4.375%, and is payable monthly. The interest rate is subject to a ceiling of 9.5%. Principal payments on the loan total $8,000 per month until January 1, 2019, after which principal payments total $100,333 per month until the loan is repaid on September 1, 2022. The loan may be redeemed at par at any time.
In December 2015, the parent company entered into a $30.0 million senior unsecured term loan that matures on December 18, 2022 and has a fixed coupon rate of 4.75% per annum. The loan may be prepaid by the parent company at any time, subject to payment of a “yield maintenance amount” as described in the loan agreement. The loan agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and events of default. At December 31, 2016, the outstanding loan balance was $29.7 million.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 12 - INCOME TAXES
Income taxes are provided based on the asset-liability method of accounting, which includes the recognition of a deferred tax asset (“DTA”) or a liability for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. In general, the Company records a DTA when the event giving rise to the tax benefit has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements.
The significant components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:
The difference between the provision for income taxes and the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are summarized below:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of deferred taxes at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:
As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had a net DTA in the amount of approximately $25.7 million and $29.0 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily the result of $19.9 million in earnings during 2016 offset by the acquired and re-measured DTA of First Capital. The Company reduced its net deferred tax asset as a result of a reduction in the North Carolina corporate income tax rate that was enacted July 23, 2013 but would not go into effect until the North Carolina General Fund tax collections achieved a targeted amount. On August 4, 2016, the North Carolina Secretary of Revenue confirmed that the targeted amount of tax collections had been exceeded and, therefore, the corporate income tax rate would be reduced to 3% effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2017. The lower corporate income tax rate did not have a material impact on either the amount of the deferred tax asset or income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The Company evaluates the carrying amount of the DTA quarterly in accordance with the guidance provided in ASC 740, in particular applying the criteria set forth therein to determine whether it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion, or all, of the DTA will not be realized within its life cycle, based on the weight of available evidence. In most cases, the realization of the DTA is dependent upon generating a sufficient level of taxable income in future periods, which can be difficult to predict. In addition to projected earnings, the Company also considers projected asset quality, liquidity, its strong capital position, which could be leveraged to increase earning assets and generate taxable income, its growth plans and other relevant factors. Based on the weight of available evidence, the Company determined that as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 that it is more likely than not that it will be able to fully realize the existing DTA and therefore considered it appropriate not to establish a DTA valuation allowance at either December 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.
The Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of $14.2 million and $24.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which expire in varying amounts through 2033. As a result of several acquisitions since 2011, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 382”) places an annual limitation on the amount of federal net operating loss carryforwards the Company may utilize. Additionally, Section 382 limits the Company’s ability to utilize certain tax deductions such as realized built in losses (“RBIL”) due to the existence of net unrealized built-in losses at the time of the change in control. The Company is allowed to carryforward any such RBIL under terms similar to those related to net operating losses. The Company expects all Section 382 limited carryforwards to be realized within the acceptable carryforward period.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $19.7 million and $37.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which expire in varying amounts through 2031.
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. It is the Company’s policy to account for interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of non-interest expense.
Tax years 2013 through 2015 remain open to examination by the Federal and state taxing authorities as of December 31, 2016.
NOTE 13 - REGULATORY MATTERS
The Company and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
The Bank’s mortgage banking division qualifies as a HUD-approved Title II Supervised Mortgagee and issues mortgages insured by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”). A Title II supervised mortgagee must maintain an adjusted net worth equal to a minimum of $1 million, plus 1% of FHA originations in excess of $25 million, up to a maximum of $2.5 million. Possible penalties related to noncompliance with this minimum net worth requirement include the revocation of the Bank’s license to issue HUD-insured mortgages, which may have a material adverse affect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Bank satisfied the requirement of maintaining $1 million in adjusted net worth.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of different components of capital to risk-weighted assets and average assets. The Company’s capital position is reflected in its shareholders’ equity, subject to certain adjustments for regulatory purposes. In particular, deferred tax assets that are dependent on future taxable income do not qualify for inclusion as core capital based on the capital guidelines of the primary federal supervisory agencies for the Bank and the Company. Under these guidelines, the disallowed portion of deferred tax assets at December 31, 2016 was $3.1 million for the Company and $3.1 million for the Bank and at December 31, 2015 was $4.2 million for the Company and $4.2 million for the Bank.
Risk-based capital regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC require bank holding companies and banks to achieve and maintain specified ratios of capital to risk-weighted assets. The risk-based capital rules are designed to measure different components of capital in relation to the credit risk of both on- and off-balance sheet items.
The required minimum ratios are as follows:
●
common equity Tier 1 capital ratio (common equity Tier 1 capital to standardized total risk-weighted assets) of 4.5%;
●
Tier 1 capital ratio (Tier 1 capital to standardized total risk-weighted assets) of 6%;
●
total capital ratio (total capital to standardized total risk-weighted assets) of 8%; and
●
leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets) of 4%.
In addition, under the new capital guidelines all covered banking organizations must maintain a new capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital in an amount greater than 2.5% of total risk-weighted assets to avoid being subject to limitations on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The capital conservation buffer requirement is being phased in annually beginning January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level, increasing by that same amount on each subsequent January 1 until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019. When fully phased in, the capital conservation buffer effectively will result in a required minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 7.0%, Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 8.5% and total capital ratio of at least 10.5%. Failure to satisfy the capital buffer requirements will result in increasingly stringent limitations on various types of capital distributions, including dividends, share buybacks and discretionary payments on Tier 1 instruments, and discretionary bonus payments.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The final regulatory capital rules also incorporate these changes in regulatory capital into the prompt corrective action framework, under which the thresholds for “adequately capitalized” banking organizations are equal to the new minimum capital requirements. Under this framework, in order to be considered “well capitalized”, insured depository institutions are required to maintain a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%, a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital measure of 6.5%, a Tier 1 risked-based capital ratio of 8% and a total risk-based capital ratio of 10%. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
At both December 31, 2016 and 2015, both the Company and the Bank were in compliance with the required capital ratios, and the Bank was “well capitalized”. As permitted for regulated institutions that are not designated as ”advanced approach” banking organizations (those with assets greater than $250 billion or with foreign exposures greater than $10 billion), the Company made a one-time, permanent election to opt out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. Actual and required capital levels at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below:
Federal regulations require institutions to set aside specified amounts of cash as reserves against transaction and time deposits. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the required cash reserves were satisfied by vault cash on hand and amounts due from correspondent banks.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
On October 29, 2014, the Company announced a common stock repurchase program for up to 2.2 million shares, which expired on November 1, 2016. On October 26, 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved a new share repurchase program for up to 2.65 million shares, effective November 1, 2016. This new share repurchase program, which replaces the program that expired, is effective through November 1, 2018 and permits the Company to effect the repurchases from time to time through a combination of open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase transactions, and other derivative transactions. During 2016, the Company repurchased 725,249 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $9.00 per share and during 2015, the Company repurchased 201,651 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $6.69 per share, in each case in open market transactions under the repurchase programs.
The Company must obtain Federal Reserve Board approval prior to repurchasing its Common Stock in excess of 10% of its net worth during any twelve-month period unless the Company (i) both before and after is "well capitalized"; (ii) is “well managed”; and (iii) is not the subject of any unresolved supervisory issues. Although the payment of dividends and repurchase of stock by the Company are subject to certain requirements and limitations of North Carolina corporate law, except as set forth in this paragraph, neither the NC Commissioner nor the Federal Reserve Board have promulgated any regulations specifically limiting the right of the Company to pay dividends or repurchase shares. However, the ability of the Company to pay dividends or repurchase shares may be dependent upon the Company's receipt of dividends from the Bank.
Under the laws of the State of North Carolina, provided the Bank does not make distributions that reduce its capital below its applicable required capital, the board of directors of the Bank may declare such distributions out of undivided profits as the directors deem proper. As noted above, the Bank would also be prohibited from declaring any dividend the payment of which would result in the Bank becoming undercapitalized. Finally, an undercapitalized institution is generally prohibited from paying dividends to its shareholders.
As part of Citizens South’s Plan of Conversion and Reorganization in May 2002, it established a memo liquidation account in an amount equal to its equity at the time of the conversion of approximately $44 million for the benefit of eligible account holders and supplemental eligible account holders who continue to maintain their accounts at Citizens South Bank after the conversion. In accordance with the memo liquidation account, in the event of a complete liquidation of Citizens South Bank, each eligible account holder and supplemental eligible account holder would be entitled to receive a distribution from the liquidation account in an amount proportionate to the current adjusted qualifying balances for accounts then held. In connection with the Citizens South merger and the subsequent merger of Citizens South Bank into the Bank, the Bank assumed this memo liquidation account. This liquidation account is reviewed and adjusted annually. The value of the liquidation account was $4.2 million at December 31, 2016 and $6.6 million at December 31, 2015.
NOTE 14 - LEASES
The Company has noncancelable operating leases extending to the year 2026 pertaining to bank premises. Some of these leases provide for the payment of property taxes and insurance and contain various renewal options. These renewal options are at substantially the same basis as current rental terms. The exercise of these options is dependent on future events. Accordingly, the following summary does not reflect possible additional payments due if renewal options are not exercised.
Future minimum lease payments, by year and in the aggregate, under noncancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year are as follows:
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $3.3 million, $2.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
NOTE 15 - OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK
In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk necessary to meet the financing needs of customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, undisbursed lines of credit and letters of credit. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The contract amounts of these instruments express the extent of involvement the Company has in these financial instruments.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Commitments to extend credit and undisbursed lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn on when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The fair value of these commitments is immaterial at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company, upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral obtained varies but may include real estate, stocks, bonds, and certificates of deposit. In management’s opinion, these commitments represent no more than normal lending risk to the Company and will be funded from normal sources of liquidity.
A summary of the contract amount of the Company’s exposure to off-balance sheet risk as of December 31, 2016 is as follows:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 16 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company uses certain derivative instruments, including interest rate floors, swaps and foreign exchange contracts to meet the needs of its customers as well as to manage the interest rate risk associated with certain transactions. The following table summarizes the derivative financial instruments utilized by the Company:
The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement during October 2013 with a notional amount of $20.0 million to protect the Company from future interest rate risk on a portion of its floating rate FHLB borrowings. The interest rate swap was accounted for as a cash flow hedge and its fair value at December 31, 2015 was $(1.4) million. On December 15, 2016, the Company repaid the underlying FHLB borrowing and terminated this interest rate swap. The swap termination fee totaled $1.5 million and was charged to other noninterest expense in the accompanying statements of income.
The Company entered into three interest rate swap agreements during December 2013 with an aggregate notional amount of $50.0 million. These derivative instruments protect the Company from future interest rate risk related to a seven-year commitment of floating rate broker-dealer sweep accounts through a brokered deposit program. These derivative instruments are a combination of a $12.5 million forward starting, five-year interest rate swap; a $12.5 million forward starting, seven-year interest rate swap; and a $25.0 million two-year forward starting swap. Effective dates for these derivative instruments were January 2, 2014, January 2, 2014 and January 4, 2016, respectively. These instruments carry a fixed rate of 1.688% with monthly payments commencing February 3, 2014, a fixed rate of 2.341% with monthly payments commencing February 3, 2014, and a fixed rate of 3.104% with monthly payments commencing February 1, 2016, respectively. These derivative instruments are accounted for as cash flow hedges with effective changes in fair market value recorded in other comprehensive income net of tax. In January 2016, the $25.0 million two-year forward starting swap was terminated, resulting in a $1.9 million termination fee. The termination fee is being amortized into interest expense over the remaining life of the underlying instruments of approximately 60 months. These derivative instruments are carried at a fair market value of $(427) thousand and $(2.4) million at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are included in other liabilities..
The Company has loan swaps, with an aggregate notional amount of $25.2 million and $23.1 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, accounted for as fair value hedges in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. These derivative instruments protect the Company from interest rate risk caused by changes in the LIBOR curve in relation to certain designated fixed rate loans. The derivative instruments convert fixed rate loans to floating rate. If the variable rate is below the stated fixed rate of the loan for a given period, the Company will owe the counterparty the notional amount times the difference between the variable rate and the stated fixed rate. If the variable rate is above the stated rate for any given period during the term of the contract, the Company will receive payments based on the notional amount times the difference between the variable rate and the stated fixed rate.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
To meet the needs of customers, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to convert customers’ variable rate loans with the Company to fixed-rate. To offset this interest rate risk, the Company has entered into substantially identical agreements with an unrelated market counterparty to swap these fixed rate agreements into variable rates. The interest rate swaps provide the customer fixed rate financing while managing interest rate risk and were not designated as hedges. The interest rate swaps pay and receive interest based on a floating rate based on one month LIBOR plus credit spread, with payments being calculated on the notional amount. The interest rate swaps are settled monthly, with varying maturities. The interest rate swaps had an aggregate notional amount of $203.8 million at December 31, 2016 representing the amount of fixed-rate receivables outstanding and variable rate liabilities outstanding, and are included in other assets and other liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. All changes in fair value are recorded as other income within non-interest income. Fair values for interest rate swap agreements are based upon the amounts required to settle the contracts.
The Company also enters into foreign exchange contracts with customers to accommodate their need to convert certain foreign currencies into to U.S. Dollars. To offset the foreign exchange risk, the Company has entered into substantially identical agreements with an unrelated market counterparty to hedge these foreign exchange contracts. The foreign exchange contracts had a notional amount of $1.9 million and $662 thousand at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, representing the amount of contracts outstanding in U.S. dollars. The fair value of these contracts are included in other assets and other liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. All changes in fair value are recorded as other noninterest income.
The following table details the location and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Statement of Comprehensive Income:
At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company posted collateral of approximately $1.2 million and $10.5 million, respectively, with the related counterparties.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 17 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The before and after tax amounts allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the following table. Reclassification adjustments related to securities available for sale are included in gain (loss) on sale of securities available-for-sale in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred to held-to-maturity are included in interest income on taxable investment securities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table presents activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by component for the periods indicated.
NOTE 18 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company is required to disclose the estimated fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities on and off the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. These fair value estimates are made at each balance sheet date, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. Fair value estimates are intended to represent the price at which an asset could be sold or the price for which a liability could be settled in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. However, given there is no active market or observable market transactions for many of the Company’s financial instruments, the Company has made estimates of many of these fair values which are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimated values. The methodologies used for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents, which are comprised of cash and due from banks, interest-earning balances at banks and Federal funds sold, approximate their fair value.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale and Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity - Fair value for investment securities is based on the quoted market price if such information is available. If a quoted market price is not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments.
Nonmarketable Equity Securities - Cost is a reasonable estimate of fair value for nonmarketable equity securities because no quoted market prices are available and the securities are not readily marketable. The carrying amount is adjusted for any other than temporary declines in value.
Loans Held for Sale - For certain homogenous categories of loans, such as residential mortgages, fair value is estimated using the quoted market prices for securities backed by similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics.
Loans, net of allowance - The fair value of other types of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Further adjustments are made to reflect current market conditions. There is no discount for liquidity included in the expected cash flow assumptions.
FDIC Indemnification Asset - The fair values for the FDIC indemnification asset are estimated based on discounted future cash flows using current discount rates.
Accrued Interest Receivable - The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Deposits - The fair value of deposits with no stated maturities, including demand deposits, savings, money market and NOW accounts, is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of deposits that have stated maturities, primarily time deposits, is estimated by discounting expected cash flows using the rates currently offered for instruments of similar remaining maturities.
Borrowings - The fair values of short-term and long-term borrowings are based on discounting expected cash flows at the interest rate for debt with the same or similar remaining maturities and collateral requirements.
Junior Subordinated Debentures - The fair value of fixed rate junior subordinated debentures is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the Company’s current borrowing rate. The carrying amounts of variable rate junior subordinated debentures are reasonable estimates of fair value because they can reprice frequently.
Accrued Interest Payable - The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Derivative Instruments - Fair value for derivative instruments, including interest rate swaps and swap fair value hedges, are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based on discounted cash flow models. All future floating cash flows are projected and both floating and fixed cash flows are discounted to the valuation date.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk - With regard to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk discussed in Note 15 - Off-Balance Sheet Risk, it is not practicable to estimate the fair value of future financing commitments.
The Company utilizes fair value measurements both to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available-for-sale and derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
Level 1
Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2
Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Level 3
Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, none of which are held for trading purposes, are as follows at December 31:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:
Investment Securities - Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, United States Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include MBS issued by government-sponsored entities or private label entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities that are valued using quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Securities classified as Level 3 include a corporate debt security in a less liquid market whose value is determined by reference to the going rate of a similar debt security if it were to enter the market at period end. The derived market value requires significant management judgment and is further substantiated by discounted cash flow methodologies.
Derivative Instruments - Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Derivative instruments held or issued by the Company for risk management purposes are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For those derivatives, the Company uses a third party to measure the fair value on a recurring basis. The Company classifies derivative instruments held or issued for risk management purposes as Level 2. As of both December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps, swap fair value hedges and foreign exchange contracts.
Loans - Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures it for the estimated impairment. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, discounted cash flows or a pooled probability of default and loss given default calculation. Those impaired loans not requiring a specific allowance represent loans for which the fair value exceeds the recorded investments in such loans. Impaired loans where a specific allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The Company records such impaired loans as nonrecurring Level 3.
The Company records loans involved in fair value hedges at fair market value on a recurring basis. The Company does not record other loans at fair value on a recurring basis.
Loans held for sale - Loans held for sale are adjusted to lower of cost or market upon transfer from the loan portfolio to loans held for sale. Subsequently, loans held for sale are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral, management’s estimation of the value of the collateral or commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. The fair value adjustments for loans held for sale are recorded as nonrecurring Level 2.
Other real estate owned - OREO is adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to OREO. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is measured due to further deterioration in the value of the OREO since initial recognition, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
Securities measured on a Level 3 recurring basis at December 31, 2016 include a corporate debt security whose value is determined by the going rate of a similar debt security if it were to enter the market at period end with additional liquidity discounts applied due to a smaller available market. There were no transfers between valuation levels for any accounts for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. If different valuation techniques are deemed necessary, the transfers will be considered to occur at the end of the period that the accounts are valued.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment charges of individual assets. Processes are in place for overseeing the valuation procedures for Level 3 measurements of OREO and impaired loans. The assets are reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine the accuracy of the observable inputs, generally third party appraisals, auction values, values derived from trade publications and data submitted by the borrower, and the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs, generally discounts due to current market conditions and collection issues. Discounts are based on asset type and valuation source; deviations from the standard are documented. The discounts are periodically reviewed to determine whether they remain appropriate. Consideration is given to current trends in market values for the asset categories and gain and losses on sales of similar assets.
Discounts range from 0% to 100% depending on the nature of the assets and source of value. Real estate is valued based on appraisals or evaluations, discounted by 8% at a minimum with higher discounts for property in poor condition or property with characteristics that may make it more difficult to market. Commercial loans secured by receivables or non-real estate collateral are generally valued using the discounted cash flow method. Inputs are determined on a borrower-by-borrower basis.
Impaired loans and related write-downs are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral or using a pooled probability of default and loss given default calculation. Collateral values are reviewed quarterly and estimated using customized discounting criteria and appraisals.
Other real estate owned is based on the lower of the cost or fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. Collateral values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Fair values are reviewed quarterly and new appraisals are generally obtained annually.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
The following table presents the decrease in value of OREO, which is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, for which a fair value adjustment has been included in the income statement. These items represent write-downs of OREO based on the appraised value of collateral.
In accordance with accounting for foreclosed property, the carrying value of OREO is periodically reviewed and written down to fair value and any loss is incurred in earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2016, OREO with a carrying value of $3.7 million was written down by $444 thousand to $3.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2015, OREO with a carrying value of $6.1 million was written down by $694 thousand to $5.4 million.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The table below presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2016.
NOTE 19 - EMPLOYEE AND DIRECTOR BENEFIT PLANS
Employment Contracts - Employment agreements are used from time to time to ensure a stable and competent management base. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, and Chief Risk Officer are each subject to an employment agreement. Each executive’s agreement is for an initial term of three years and is subject to automatic one-year renewals on the third anniversary of its initial effective date and each successive anniversary unless either party provides timely notice of non-renewal. The agreements provide for benefits as spelled out in the contracts and cannot be terminated by the Company, except for cause, without prejudicing the officers’ rights to receive certain vested rights, including compensation. In the event of a change in control of the Company and in certain other events, as defined in the agreements, the Company or any successor to the Company will be bound to the terms of the contracts.
The Company has inherited from its mergers a number of individual deferred compensation and supplemental retirement agreements with certain employees, former employees and directors who were previously officers or directors of the predecessor company that provide for salary continuation benefits upon retirement. These individual agreements also provide for benefits in the event of early retirement, death or substantial change in control of the Company. The expense associated with these plans was $421 thousand, $421 thousand and $431 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total liability associated with these assumed supplemental retirement plans was $8.1 million and $8.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
To assist funding the above liabilities, the acquired entities had insured the lives of certain directors and officers. Earnings on those policies are used to offset employee benefit expenses. The Company also purchased and owns Bank-Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”) policies on certain key officers of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Chief Risk Officer. The Company is the current owner and beneficiary of the policies and has the right to exercise all incidents of ownership. Cash surrender values of BOLI policies, including BOLI policies acquired in mergers, at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $70.8 million and $58.6 million, respectively. In 2016, the Company received $597 thousand in death proceeds from two policies, resulting in $402 thousand of additional noninterest income. In 2015, the Company received $1.6 million in death proceeds from three policies, resulting in $737 thousand of additional noninterest income. In 2014, the Company received $1.1 million in death proceeds from two policies, resulting in $651 thousand of additional noninterest income.
Certain BOLI policies acquired through mergers are subject to split dollar arrangements, wherein under separate agreement with the insured party, the insured party has the right to designate a beneficiary for an amount equal to 50 percent of the difference between the total policy death proceeds and the policy cash surrender value at the date of the employee’s death up to $100,000. For these split dollar arrangements, once vested in the benefit, the insured party has the right to continue to designate a beneficiary after retirement from the Company. As a result, the Company has recognized a liability as the split dollar arrangement effectively provides a post-employment retirement benefit after separation of service from the Company. The liability accrued for split dollar agreements that provide a post-retirement benefit at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $3.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The expense associated with these split dollar arrangements was $140 thousand, $105 thousand and $304 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
The Company maintains a deferred compensation plan whereby certain employees and directors are given the option to defer compensation until retirement or separation of employment. Interest is accrued on the balances at the Wall Street Journal prime rate, 3.50% at December 31, 2016, with a floor of at least 0.50%. The expense associated with this plan was $43 thousand, $26 thousand and $23 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The total liability accrued for the deferred compensation plan was $13.4 million and $11.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Retirement Savings - The Company has a profit sharing and 401(k) plan for the benefit of substantially all employees subject to certain minimum age and service requirements. Under this plan, the Company matches 100% of employee contributions to a maximum of 3% of annual compensation and 50% of employee contributions greater than 3% to a maximum of 6% of annual compensation, up to an annual compensation generally equal to the Internal Revenue Service’s compensation threshold in effect from time to time.
The Company’s contribution expense under the profit sharing and 401(k) plan was $1.3 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Share Based Plans - The Company maintains share-based plans for directors and employees. During 2010, the Board of Directors of the Bank adopted and shareholders approved, the Park Sterling Bank 2010 Stock Option Plan for Directors and the Park Sterling Bank 2010 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2010 Bank Plans”), which provided for an aggregate of 1,859,550 shares of Common Stock reserved for the granting of options. The 2010 Bank Plans were substantially similar to the Bank’s 2006 option plans for directors and employees, which provided for an aggregate of 990,000 of shares of Common Stock reserved for options. Upon effectiveness of the holding company reorganization on January 1, 2011, the Company assumed all outstanding options under the 2010 Bank Plan and the Bank’s 2006 plans, and the Company’s Common Stock was substituted as the stock issuable upon the exercise of options under these plans. As a result, there will be no further awards under the 2010 Bank Plans. At December 31, 2016, there were options to purchase 1,199,583 shares of Common Stock outstanding under the 2010 Bank Plans and the Bank’s 2006 plans.
Also during 2010, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted and shareholders approved the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan for directors and employees ( the “2010 LTIP”), which was effective upon the holding company reorganization and replaced the 2010 Plans. The 2010 LTIP provided for an aggregate of 1,016,400 of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance to employees and directors in connection with stock options, restricted stock awards, and other stock-based awards. At December 31, 2016, there were options to purchase 105,840 shares of Common Stock and 21,300 unvested restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2010 LTIP. The 2010 LTIP was frozen upon effectiveness of the Company’s 2014 Long Term Incentive Plan (described below), and no future awards may be made thereunder.
In March 2014, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted and in May 2014 shareholders approved the Park Sterling Corporation 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan for directors and employees (the “2014 LTIP”), which replaced the 2010 LTIP. An aggregate of 1,000,000 of shares of Common Stock, plus any shares subject to an award granted under the 2010 LTIP that was outstanding on March 26, 2014 that may expire, be forfeited or otherwise terminate unexercised, have been reserved for issuance to employees and directors under the 2014 LTIP in connection with stock options, restricted stock awards, and other stock-based awards. The 2014 LTIP will expire on May 23, 2024 and no awards may be made after that date. At December 31, 2016, there were 384,432 unvested restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2014 LTIP with a remaining capacity of 430,579 shares available to be issued.
As a result of the Citizens South merger, at the effective date of the merger, the Company assumed the awards outstanding under the Citizens South Bank 1999 Stock Option Plan (the “1999 Citizens South Plan”) and the Citizens South Banking Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2008 Citizens South Plan”), each of which has been renamed as a Park Sterling Corporation plan.
In addition, under the 2008 Citizens South Plan, the Company retained the right to grant future non-qualified stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) to eligible employees and directors of, or service providers to, the Company or the Bank who were not employees or directors of or service providers to the Company or the Bank at the effective time of the merger. Stock options and SARS are evidenced by an award agreement that specifies, as applicable, the number of shares, date of grant, exercise price, vesting period and expiration date, and other information. Awards under the plan have an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the grant date, cannot be exercised more than 10 years after the grant date and generally expire or are forfeited upon termination of employment prior to the end of the award term, except in limited circumstances such as death, disability, retirement or change in control. The 2008 Citizens South Plan was frozen in May 2014 upon effectiveness of the 2014 LTIP, and as a result no future awards may be made under the plan. At December 31, 2016, there were options to purchase 99,774 shares of Common Stock outstanding under the 2008 Citizens South Plan.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
The 1999 Citizens South Plan was frozen at the time of merger, and no future awards could be granted under this plan thereafter. At December 31, 2016, there were options to purchase 318 shares of Common Stock outstanding under the 1999 Citizens South Plan.
As a result of the First Capital merger, at the effective date of the merger, the Company assumed the First Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, which has been renamed as a Park Sterling plan (the “2010 First Capital Plan”), to retain the right to grant future stock options, restricted stock and other share-based awards to eligible employees and directors of the Company who were not employees or directors of the Company or the Bank at the effective time of the merger. Options granted under the plan generally must have an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant, and the term of any incentive stock option cannot be longer than ten years. Awards under the plan generally will expire or be forfeited upon termination of employment prior to the end of the award term, except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had not granted any awards under the 2010 First Capital Plan, and 184,789 shares remained available for future grants of awards under the plan. The 2010 First Capital Plan will expire on May 19, 2020.
The exercise price of each option under these plans is not less than the market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of the grant. The exercise price of all options outstanding at December 31, 2016 under these plans ranges from $3.04 to $15.45 and the average exercise price was $7.25. The Company funds the option shares from authorized but unissued shares. The Company does not typically purchase shares to fulfill the obligations of the stock benefit plans. Options granted become exercisable in accordance with the plans’ vesting schedules which are generally three years. All unexercised options expire ten years after the date of the grant.
As contemplated during the Public Offering, in 2011 the Company awarded certain stock price performance-based restricted shares under the 2010 LTIP to officers and directors following the holding company reorganization that were designed to vest one-third each when the Company’s stock price per share reached the following performance thresholds for 30 consecutive trading days: (i) 125% of offer price ($8.13); (ii) 140% of offer price ($9.10); and (iii) 160% of offer price ($10.40). As of December 31, 2015, there were 554,400 of these unvested restricted shares outstanding. Prior to 2016, 13,860 of these restricted shares were forfeited. During the first quarter of 2016, 117,810 of these restricted shares vested in accordance with a separation agreement between the Company and one of the holders of the restricted shares. The remaining 436,590 unvested stock price performance-based restricted shares vested during 2016 as follows: the first performance goal was met and 145,530 shares vested as of September 28, 2016; the second performance goal was met and 145,530 shares vested as of December 22, 2016; and the Compensation and Development Committee of the Board of Directors approved the early vesting of the final 145,530 shares, also as of December 22, 2016. As of December 31, 2016 there were no unvested stock price performance-based restricted shares outstanding.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Activity in the Company’s share-based plans is summarized in the following tables:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
There were 17,500 options granted during 2014. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The average grant date fair value per share of options granted in 2014 was $6.70. There were no stock options granted during 2016 or 2015. Assumptions used for grants in 2014 were as follows:
The fair value of options vested was $9 thousand, $20 thousand and $100 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
There were 269,284, 220,100 and 238,613 shares of restricted stock granted during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The average grant date fair value of restricted shares granted in 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $7.39, $6.72 and $6.53, respectively.
The Company recognized compensation expense for share-based compensation plans of $1.4 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. At December 31, 2016, unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options of $53 thousand was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.26 years and unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted shares of $2.3 million was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.04 years. At December 31, 2015, unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options of $20 thousand was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.72 years and unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted shares of $1.8 million was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.02 years.
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
NOTE 20 - SUMMARIZED QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
A summary of selected quarterly financial information for 2016 and 2015 follows:
NOTE 21 - PARK STERLING CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
Condensed financial statements for Park Sterling Corporation (Parent Company Only) follow:
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
PARK STERLING CORP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table amounts in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flow
NOTE 22 - SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On January 25, 2017, the Company announced that its board of directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend to its common shareholders of $0.04 per common share, payable on February 22, 2017 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 7, 2017.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the management of the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act.
Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective (1) to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2016, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their report, which appears below, expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Park Sterling Corporation
We have audited Park Sterling Corporation’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Park Sterling Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements of Park Sterling Corporation as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2016, and our report dated March 10, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ DIXON HUGHES GOODMAN LLP
Charlotte, North Carolina
March 10, 2017
Item 9B.
Item 9B. Other Information
As previously disclosed, following the Bank’s initial public offering in 2010 and the holding company reorganization effective January 1, 2011, the Company awarded certain stock price performance-based restricted shares to officers and directors as contemplated during the initial public offering. These stock price performance-based restricted shares were designed to vest one-third each when the Company’s stock price per share reached the following performance thresholds for 30 consecutive trading days: (i) 125% of initial public offering price ($8.13); (ii) 140% of initial public offering price ($9.10); and (iii) 160% of initial public offering price ($10.40). The first two performance goals were met as of September 28, 2016 and December 22, 2016, respectively, and accordingly one-third of these restricted shares that remained outstanding vested as of each such date. Following consideration of the recent stock price performance and the original purpose of the awards, the Compensation and Development Committee of the Board of Directors approved the early vesting of the final third of these restricted shares as of December 22, 2016. Based on the Company’s actual stock price performance, these shares would have vested in accordance with their terms upon achievement of the final performance threshold of $10.40 as of January 31, 2017. The number of shares subject to early vesting for each of the principal executive officer and the other named executive officers are as follows: James C. Cherry - 51,975 shares; Bryan F. Kennedy - 32,340 shares; and Nancy J. Foster - 32,340 shares.
Part III
Item 10.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Board of Directors
The following persons currently serve as members of the Company’s Board of Directors:
Walter C. Ayers, Sr.
Retired President and Chief Executive Officer, Virginia Bankers Association.
Leslie M. Baker, Jr.
Chairman of the Board, Park Sterling Corporation and Park Sterling Bank.
Retired Chairman of the Board, Wachovia Corporation.
Larry W. Carroll
President, Carroll Financial Associates, Inc.
James. C. Cherry
Chief Executive Officer, Park Sterling Corporation and Park Sterling Bank.
Jean E. Davis
Retired head of Operations, Technology and e-Commerce, Wachovia Corporation.
Grant S. Grayson
Partner in the law firm of LeClairRyan, A Professional Corporation.
Patricia C. Hartung
Executive Director, Upper Savannah Council of Governments.
Thomas B. Henson
President and Chief Executive Officer, Henson-Tomlin Interests, LLC.
Senior Managing Partner, Southeastern Private Investment Fund.
Jeffrey S. Kane
Retired Senior Vice President in charge of Charlotte office, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.
Kim S. Price
Vice-Chairman of the Board, Park Sterling Corporation and Park Sterling Bank.
Former President and CEO of Citizens South Banking Corporation.
Ben R. Rudisill, II
President, Rudisill Enterprises, Inc.
Robert G. Whitten
Co-owner and president of Whitten Brothers Holding Company.
Biographical information for each member of the Board of Directors can be found in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 17, 2017 (the “2017 Proxy Statement”) under the caption “Election of Directors,” which section is incorporated herein by reference.
Executive Officers
The following persons have been designated as the Company’s executive officers:
James C. Cherry. Mr. Cherry, age 66, has served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company since its formation and of the Bank since its Public Offering. He retired as the Chief Executive Officer for the Mid-Atlantic Banking Region at Wachovia Corporation in 2006, and previously served as President of Virginia Banking, Head of Trust and Investment Management, and in various positions in North Carolina banking including Regional Executive, Area Executive, City Executive, Corporation Banking and Loan Administration Manager, and Retail Banking Branch Manager for Wachovia. Mr. Cherry was formerly Chairman of the Virginia Bankers Association. He is currently a director of Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc., a Virginia-based real estate company. Mr. Cherry has over 30 years of banking experience.
Bryan F. Kennedy III. Mr. Kennedy, age 59, has been President of the Company since its formation and President of the Bank since its Public Offering. Prior to the Bank’s Public Offering, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Bank since its formation in October 2006. Prior to helping organize the Bank in 2006, he served in various roles at Regions Bank, including President-North Carolina from November 2004 to January 2006, President-Charlotte from January 2003 to November 2004, and Executive Vice President from November 2001 to January 2003. From June 1991 to November 2001 he served initially as Senior Vice President and then as Executive Vice President of Park Meridian Bank, which was acquired by Regions Financial Corporation in November 2001. Mr. Kennedy serves on the Board of Directors of Cato Corporation, a publicly traded company. Mr. Kennedy has over 30 years of banking experience.
Donald K. Truslow. Mr. Truslow, age 58, joined the Company in February 2016 as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Park Sterling Corporation, he served as the Chief Risk Officer for M&T Bank, a financial services holding company with approximately $123 billion in total assets headquartered in Buffalo, NY, from February 2013 to September 2014. Prior thereto, he served as President of the Financial Stability Industry Council of the Financial Services Roundtable (FSR) in Washington, D.C., from February 2011 to February 2013. Prior to joining the FSR, he had an extensive 27-year career with Wachovia Corporation, including eight years as Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer. His other roles at Wachovia included serving as Comptroller and Treasurer, Head of Middle Market Corporate Banking, Chief Credit Officer of Wachovia’s South Carolina Bank, and Manager of Loan Administration for International Banking. Mr. Truslow serves on the Board of Directors of Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America. Mr. Truslow has over 30 years of banking experience.
Nancy J. Foster. Ms. Foster, age 55, has been Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of the Company and the Bank since November 2010. Prior to joining the Bank, she was first Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer and then Executive Vice President and Chief Risk & Credit Officer of CIT Group from January 2007 to December 2009. She was Group Senior Vice President, Specialized Lending at LaSalle Bank/ABNAmro from March 2005 to January 2007, Group Senior Vice President, Credit Policy and Portfolio Management from August 2001 to March 2005, Group Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, Asset Based Lending and Metropolitan Commercial Banking from 1999 to 2001, and Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, Community Banks from 1993 to 1999. Ms. Foster previously held various lending and managerial roles in Middle Market Banking at LaSalle Bank. Ms. Foster has over 25 years of banking experience.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a written Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers (the “Senior Code of Ethics”) that applies to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer), Chief Financial Officer (the principal financial officer), Controller (the principal accounting officer), and Treasurer. The Company has also adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) that applies to all employees, officers and directors of the Company as well as any subsidiary company officers that are executive officers of the Company. The Senior Code of Ethics and Code of Ethics are available on the Company’s website at www.parksterlingbank.com and print copies are available to any shareholder that requests a copy. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding any amendments to the Senior Code of Ethics or Code of Ethics, or waivers of these policies, to the extent applicable to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Accounting Officer, by posting such information on the Company’s website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver, as applicable.
Additional Information
The additional information required by this Item 10 appears under the captions “Election of Directors - Committees of the Board of Directors - Audit Committee,” “Corporate Governance Matters - Audit Committee Financial Expert”, “-Process for Nominating Potential Director Candidates” and “-Code of Ethics,” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the 2017 Proxy Statement, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item 11 appears under the captions “Election of Directors - Compensation of Directors”, “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Compensation of Executive Officers”, “Compensation and Development Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation and Development Committee Report on Executive Compensation” in the 2017 Proxy Statement, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item 12 regarding the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management appears under the caption “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” in the 2017 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference. The following table sets forth summary information regarding the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2016:
(1) This table does not include outstanding options to purchase 318 shares of the Company’s common stock that were assumed by the Company in connection with the Citizens South acquisition, which were originally issued under the Citizens South Bank 1999 Stock Option Plan (renamed the Park Sterling Bank 1999 Stock Option Plan). The weighted-average option price of these assumed options was $3.22 at December 31, 2016. No additional awards may be granted under this plan.
(2) In connection with the Citizens South acquisition, the Company assumed awards outstanding and retained the ability to issue awards in accordance with applicable NASDAQ listing standards under the Citizens South Banking Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (renamed the Park Sterling Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (“2008 Citizens South Plan”), which was not approved by the Company’s shareholders but was previously approved by Citizens South’s stockholders prior to the acquisition. The 2008 Citizens South Plan was frozen in May 2014 upon the effectiveness of the Company’s 2014 Long-term Incentive Plan (“2014 LTIP”). As a result, no additional awards may be granted under this plan.
(3) Represents shares available for issuance in connection with stock options, restricted stock awards and other stock-based awards under the 2014 LTIP.
(4) Represents shares available for issuance in connection with stock options, restricted stock awards and other stock-based awards under the First Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (renamed the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Stock Incentive Plan) (the “2010 First Capital Plan”), which the Company assumed in connection with the First Capital acquisition to retain the ability to issue future awards in accordance with applicable NASDAQ listing standards. This plan was not approved by the Company’s shareholders but was previously approved by First Capital shareholders prior to the acquisition. The Company did not assume any outstanding awards under the plan in connection with the acquisition.
A description of the Company’s equity compensation plans, including the material features of the 2008 Citizens South Plan and the 2010 First Capital Plan, is presented in Note 19 - Employee and Director Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item 13 appears under the captions “Election of Directors - Committees of the Board of Directors”, “Corporate Governance - Director Independence” and “Transactions with Related Persons and Certain Control Persons” in the 2017 Proxy Statement, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this Item 14 appears under the captions “Ratification of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-Fees” and “-Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the 2017 Proxy Statement, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
With the exception of the information expressly incorporated herein by reference, the 2017 Proxy Statement shall not be deemed filed as part of this report.
Part IV
Item 15.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(a)
Financial statements, included in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(b)
Schedules: None
(c)
Exhibits: The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are filed herewith or have been previously filed and are incorporated herein by reference to other filings.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PARK STERLING CORPORATION
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons, on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 10, 2017.
/S/ JAMES C. CHERRY
March 10, 2017
James C. Cherry
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/S/ DONALD K. TRUSLOW
March 10, 2017
Donald K. Truslow
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/S/ DONALD E. PICKETT
March 10, 2017
Donald E. Pickett
Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
/S/ WALTER C. AYERS
March 10, 2017
Walter C. Ayers
Director
/S/ LESLIE M. BAKER JR. March 10, 2017
Leslie M. Baker Jr.
Chairman of the Board
/S / LARRY W. CARROLL March 10, 2017
Larry W. Carroll
Director
/S/ JEAN E. DAVIS
March 10, 2017
Jean E. Davis
Director
/S/ GRANT S. GRAYSON
March 10, 2017
Grant S. Grayson
Director
/S/ PATRICIA C. HARTUNG
March 10, 2017
Patricia C. Hartung
Director
/S/ THOMAS B. HENSON
March 10, 2017
Thomas B. Henson
Director
/S/ JEFFREY S. KANE March 10, 2017
Jeffrey S. Kane
Director
/S / KIM S. PRICE March 10, 2017
Kim S. Price
Director
/S / BEN R. RUDISILL, II March 10, 2017
Ben R. Rudisill, II
Director
/S / ROBERT G. WHITTEN March 10, 2017
Robert G. Whitten
Director
Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibits
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated September 30, 2015 by and between Park Sterling Corporation and First Capital Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed October 29, 2015
3.1
Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35032) filed August 9, 2016
3.2
Bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35032) filed May 6, 2016
4.1
Specimen Stock Certificate of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed January 13, 2011
The Company has certain long-term debt but has not filed the instruments evidencing such debt as part of Exhibit 4 as none of such instruments authorize the issuance of debt exceeding 10 percent of the total consolidated assets of the Company. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of each such agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
10.1
Employment Agreement dated March 24, 2016 between Park Sterling Corporation, Park Sterling Bank and James C. Cherry, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 24, 2016*
10.2
Employment Agreement dated March 24, 2016 between Park Sterling Corporation, Park Sterling Bank and Bryan Kennedy, III, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 24, 2016*
10.3
Employment Agreement dated March 24, 2016 between Park Sterling Corporation, Park Sterling Bank and Donald K. Truslow, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 24, 2016*
10.4
Employment Agreement by and between Nancy J. Foster and the Bank effective November 15, 2010, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 31, 2011*
10.5
Park Sterling Bank 2006 Employee Stock Option Plan and related form of award agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed January 13, 2011*
10.6
Park Sterling Bank 2006 Stock Option Plan for Directors and related form of award agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed January 13, 2011*
10.7
Park Sterling Bank 2010 Employee Stock Option Plan and related form of award agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-172016) filed February 2, 2011*
10.8
Park Sterling Bank 2010 Stock Option Plan for Directors and related form of award agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-172016) filed February 2, 2011*
10.9
Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan and related form of award agreements, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed January 13, 2011*
10.10
Form of Non-Employee Director Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 31, 2011*
10.11
Form of Employee Restricted Stock Award Agreement pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 31, 2011*
10.12
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 31, 2011*
10.13
Consulting Agreement between Kim S. Price and the Company, effective October 1, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 15, 2013*
10.14
Noncompetition Agreement by and between Kim S. Price and the Company, dated as of May 13, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 15, 2013*
10.15
Waiver and Settlement Agreement by and between Kim S. Price and the Company, dated as of May 13, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35032) filed March 15, 2013*
10.16
Amended Deferred Compensation and Income Continuation Agreement between Citizens South Bank and Ben R. Rudisill, II dated March 15, 2004, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of Citizen South Banking Corporation’s (“Citizens South”) Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 0-23971) filed March 16, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Citizens South’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-23971) filed November 8, 2008*
10.17
Amended Director Retirement Agreement between Citizens South Bank and Ben R. Rudisill, II dated March 15, 2004, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of Citizens South’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 0-23971) filed March 16, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Citizens South’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-23971) filed November 8, 2008*
10.18
Purchase and Assumption Agreement - Whole Bank - All Deposits, dated as of April 15, 2011 among Citizens South Bank, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as receiver of New Horizons Bank, East Ellijay, Georgia, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of Citizens South’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-23971) filed April 19, 2011
10.19
Purchase and Assumption Agreement - Whole Bank - All Deposits, dated as of March 19, 2010 among Citizens South Bank, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as receiver of Bank of Hiawassee, Hiawassee, Georgia, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of Citizens South’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-23971) filed March 23, 2010
10.20
Park Sterling Bank Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35032) filed May 10, 2013*
10.21
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Time-Vesting) pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35032) filed May 10, 2013*
10.22
Form of Employee Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Time-Vesting) pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35032) filed May 10, 2013*
10.23
Park Sterling Corporation 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-196173) filed May 22, 2014*
10.24
Form of Employee Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Time-Vesting) pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed May 22, 2014*
10.25
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Time-Vesting) pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed May 22, 2014*
10.26
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement pursuant to the Park Sterling Corporation 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed May 22, 2014*
10.27
Senior Term Loan Agreement dated as of December 18, 2015 by and between Park Sterling Corporation and Capital Bank Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed December 22, 2015
10.28
Agreement and Release dated February 5, 2016 between David L. Gaines and Park Sterling Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed February 9, 2016*
10.29
Park Sterling Corporation 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (formerly the First Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan), incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-210368) filed March 23, 2016*
10.30
Termination Agreement between Park Sterling Bank and the FDIC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35032) filed August 29, 2016
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Company
23.1
Consent of Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement