ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed in 1997 and is primarily a specialty retailer offering a “make your own stuffed animal” interactive retail-entertainment experience. As of December 31, 2016, we operated 346 company-owned retail stores in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and China, including 285 stores in the United States and Canada, 60 stores in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark, and one store in China. In addition, franchisees operated 92 stores in other international locations.
In May 2016, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized an exploration of a full range of strategic alternatives. No timetable has been set for the Company’s review process. The Company does not expect to comment further or update the market with any additional information on the process unless and until the Board of Directors deems disclosure appropriate or necessary. There is no assurance that this exploration will result in any strategic alternatives being announced or executed.
Segments and Geographic Areas
Business is conducted through three reportable segments consisting of direct-to-consumer (“DTC”), commercial, and international franchising. Our reportable segments are primarily determined by the types of customers they serve and the types of products and services that they offer. Each reportable segment may operate in many geographic areas. Financial information related to our segments and the geographic areas in which we operate is contained in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” See Note 15 - Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding sales, results of operations and identifiable assets of the Company by business segment and geographic area.
Description of Operations
Currently, we primarily operate specialty retail stores that provide a “make your own stuffed animal” interactive entertainment experience in which guests visit a variety of stations to make and customize a stuffed animal. Our retail concept is a unique combination of experience and product and we are focused on enhancing our brand equity while meeting the needs of consumers by offering a relevant selection of premium products that meet high quality standards and are on trend. In addition, products are sold through our e-commerce sites. Our store experience appeals to a broad range of age groups and demographics, including children, as well as their parents and grandparents, teens, and adult collector and affinity consumers. We seek to provide outstanding guest service and experiences across all channels and touch points including our stores, our websites, our mobile sites and apps as well as traditional and social media. We have relatively balanced seasonality on a quarterly basis and guests visit our stores for multiple reasons including interactive family experiences, birthdays, parties and other milestone occasions as well as to purchase gifts including the “gift of experience” that comes with a Bear Bucks® gift card. We believe the hands-on and interactive nature of our store and high touch service model result in guests forming an emotional connection with our brand.
We believe there are opportunities to leverage the strength of the Build-A-Bear brand and generate incremental revenue and profits given the high consumer recognition and strong positioning as a trusted, high quality brand that is emotionally connected with both kids and their parents.
Operating Strategies
Our company has been executing a multi-year turnaround plan that was initiated in 2013 to improve both sales and profitability with the goal of achieving sustained profitability. In 2017, we expect to evolve and continue to execute our strategic plan with key initiatives in the areas outlined below, which are intended to drive long-term shareholder value:
Channel Evolution though Diversifying Real Estate and Upgrading E-Commerce Capabilities
We expect to continue to make improvements to an aged store fleet by leveraging the new Discovery format in conjunction with select natural lease events. We also expect to continue to diversify stores into non-traditional locations inclusive of a new, lower capital, more flexible “concourse shop” model following initial results of a fourth quarter test in 2016. In 2017, we expect to add 20 to 25 new locations and close 5 to 10 existing locations to finish the year with 356 to 366 company-owned retail locations.
Additionally, existing international franchisees are expected to open approximately 10 stores in 2017, and we intend to add new franchise partners in select markets. Separately, we are planning a comprehensive enhancement of our website platform and upgrade of e-commerce systems in order to expand enterprise selling capabilities that were introduced in 2016 to capitalize on changing macro consumer shopping patterns.
Product Expansion through Owned Intellectual Property Development, Relevant Licensing and Outbound Brand Licensing into New Categories
To meet the needs of our core consumer base (boys and girls ages 3 to 12) while systematically building secondary consumer segments (including collectors, gift-givers and teen-plus target), we plan to continue to develop and expand offerings of successful intellectual properties balanced with core products and a comprehensive program of key licensed products. We also expect to continue to expand our initiatives to sell pre-stuffed plush products for corporate promotions or to other companies for resell and to further develop outbound licensed programs leveraging the power of the Build-A-Bear brand and other owned intellectual properties.
Brand and Experience Amplification through Marketing and Entertainment Integration
We intend to adjust marketing programs to elevate and integrate efforts to create more synergy across channels while leveraging our content development strategy, which includes mobile apps, music videos and other entertainment opportunities to increase engagement, improve efficiency and lead to profitable sales growth.
Continued Focus on Delivering Long-Term Profitability Improvement
We are focused on improving profitability through the execution of our stated strategies detailed above as well as disciplined expense management and on-going efforts in process and systems upgrades.
Merchandise Sourcing and Inventory Management
Our retail stores offer an extensive and coordinated selection of merchandise, including a wide range of different styles of animals to be stuffed, sounds and scents that can be added to the stuffed animals and a broad variety of clothing, shoes and accessories, as well as other brand appropriate toy and novelty items. Our stuffed animal skins and clothing are produced from high quality, man-made materials or natural fibers, and the stuffing is made of a high-grade polyester fiber.
We believe we comply with governmental toy safety requirements specific to each country where we have stores. Specifically, we believe all of the products in our stores and e-commerce sites meet Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) requirements including the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) for children’s products. We also comply with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-F963), European Toy Safety Standards (EN71), China National Toy Standards (GB6675/GB5296.5), China Compulsory Certification (CCC), Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 8124 and Canadian Consumer Product Safety Act Toys Regulation (CCPSA). Our products are tested through independent third-party testing labs for compliance with toy safety standards. Packaging and labels for each product indicate the age grading for the product and any special warnings in accordance with guidelines established by the CPSC. We require our supplier factories to be compliant with the International Council of Toy Industries (ICTI) CARE certification or with other third party social compliance programs. The CARE (Caring, Awareness, Responsible, Ethical) process is the ICTI program to promote ethical manufacturing in the form of fair labor treatment, as well as employee health and safety in the toy industry supply chain worldwide. In order to obtain this certification, each factory completes a rigorous evaluation performed by an accredited ICTI agent on an annual basis.
The average time from product conception to the arrival in stores is approximately 12 months, including approximately 90 to 120 days from the beginning of production to in-store delivery. Through an ongoing analysis of selling trends, we regularly update our product assortment by increasing quantities of productive styles and eliminating less productive items. Our relationships with our vendors generally are on a purchase order basis and do not provide a contractual obligation to provide adequate supply or acceptable pricing on a long-term basis.
Distribution and Logistics
We own a 350,000 square-foot distribution center near Columbus, Ohio which serves the majority of our stores in the United States and Canada. We also contract with a third-party warehouse in southern California to service our West Coast stores. The contract has a one year term and is renewable. In Europe, we contract with a third-party distribution center in Selby, England under an agreement that ends in December 2019. This agreement contains clauses that allow for termination if certain performance criteria are not met.
Transportation from the warehouses to stores is managed by several third-party logistics providers. In the United States, Canada and Europe, merchandise is shipped by a variety of distribution methods, depending on the store and seasonal inventory demand. Shipments from our distribution centers are scheduled throughout the week in order to smooth workflow and stores are grouped together by shipping route to reduce freight costs. All items in our assortment are eligible for distribution, depending on allocation and fulfillment requirements, and we typically distribute merchandise and supplies to each store once or twice a week on a regular schedule, which allows us to consolidate shipments in order to reduce distribution and shipping costs. Back-up supplies, such as Cub Condo® carrying cases and stuffing for the animals, are often stored in limited amounts at regional pool points.
Employees
As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 1,000 full-time and 3,200 regular part-time employees in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and China. The number of part-time employees at all locations fluctuates depending on our seasonal needs. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we believe our relationship with our employees is good.
Competition
We view the Build-A-Bear Workshop store experience as a distinctive combination of entertainment and retail with limited direct competition. Because our signature product is a stuffed animal, we compete with toy retailers, such as Wal-Mart, Toys “R” Us, Target and other discount chains. Since we develop proprietary products, we also compete indirectly with a number of companies that sell stuffed animals in the United States, including, but not limited to, Ty, Fisher Price, Mattel, Ganz, Applause, Hasbro, Commonwealth, Gund and Vermont Teddy Bear. Since we sell a product that integrates merchandise and experience, we also view our competition as any company that competes for family time and entertainment dollars, such as movie theaters, amusement parks and arcades, other mall-based entertainment venues and online entertainment. With the majority of our stores currently operating in traditional shopping malls, we also compete with other mall-based retailers for prime mall locations, including various apparel, footwear and specialty retailers.
We are aware of several small companies that operate “make your own” teddy bear and stuffed animal stores or kiosks in retail locations, but we believe none of those companies offer the breadth of assortment nor depth of experience or operate as a national or international retail company.
Intellectual Property and Trademarks
We believe our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade secrets, patents and similar intellectual property are critical to our success, and we intend, directly or indirectly, to maintain and protect these marks and, where applicable, license the intellectual property. Our patents have expirations ranging from 2017 to 2033.
We have developed licensing and strategic relationships with leading retail and cultural organizations. We plan to continue to add partnerships with companies that have strong, family-oriented brands and provide us with attractive marketing and merchandising opportunities. These relationships for specific products are generally reflected in contractual arrangements for limited terms that are terminable by either party upon specified notice. Specifically, we have key strategic relationships with select companies in which we feature their brands on products sold in our stores, including Disney®, DreamWorks Animation, Hasbro, and major professional and collegiate sports along with other culturally relevant brands.
Availability of Information
We make certain filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments and exhibits to those reports, available free of charge in the Investor Relations section of our corporate website, http://ir.buildabear.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. The filings are also available through the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, these filings are available on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov. Our Annual Reports to shareholders, press releases and investor updates are also available on our website, free of charge, in the Investor Relations section or by writing to the Investor Relations department at World Bearquarters, 1954 Innerbelt Business Center Dr., St. Louis, MO 63114.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We operate in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially affect our operations. The risks, uncertainties and other factors set forth below may cause our actual results, performances or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. If any of these risks or events occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Business
A decline in general global economic conditions could lead to disproportionately reduced consumer demand for our products, which represent relatively discretionary spending, and have an adverse effect on our liquidity and profitability.
Since purchases of our merchandise are dependent upon discretionary spending by our guests, our financial performance is sensitive to changes in overall economic conditions that affect consumer spending. Consumer spending habits are affected by, among other things, prevailing economic conditions, levels of employment, salaries and wage rates, consumer confidence and consumer perception of economic conditions. A slowdown in the United States, Canadian or European economies or in the economies of the countries in which our franchisees operate or uncertainty as to the economic outlook could reduce discretionary spending or cause a shift in consumer discretionary spending to other products. Any of these factors would likely result in lower net retail sales and could also result in excess inventories, which could, in turn, lead to increased merchandise markdowns and related costs associated with higher levels of inventory and adversely affect our liquidity and profitability.
We depend upon the shopping malls in which we are located to attract guests to our stores and a decline in mall traffic could adversely affect our financial performance and profitability.
While we invest in integrated marketing efforts and believe we are more of a destination location than other retailers, we rely to a great extent on consumer traffic in the malls in which our stores are located. We rely on the ability of the malls’ anchor tenants, generally large department stores, and on the continuing popularity of malls as shopping destinations to attract high levels of consumer traffic. We cannot control the development of new shopping malls or the closure of existing malls, the addition or loss of anchors and co-tenants, the availability or cost of appropriate locations within existing or new shopping malls or the desirability, safety or success of shopping malls. Additionally, in recent years, there has been a trend of consumers preferring to purchase products from online merchants rather than traditional brick and mortar stores. Consumer mall traffic may also be reduced due to factors such as the economy, civil unrest, actual or threatened acts of terrorism to shopping malls, the impact of weather or natural disasters or a decline in consumer confidence resulting from international conflicts or war. A decrease in shopping mall traffic could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability.
If we are unable to generate interest in and demand for our interactive retail experience and products, including being able to identify and respond to consumer preferences in a timely manner, our financial condition and profitability could be adversely affected.
We believe that our success depends in large part upon our ability to continue to attract guests with our interactive shopping experience and our ability to anticipate, gauge and respond in a timely manner to changing consumer preferences and fashion trends. We cannot assure you that there will continue to be a demand for our “make-your-own stuffed animal” interactive experience, or for our stuffed animals, animal apparel and accessories. A decline in demand for our interactive shopping experience, our stuffed animals, animal apparel or accessories, or a misjudgment of consumer preferences, fashion trends or the demand for licensed products, including those that are associated with new movie releases, could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our future success depends, in part, on the popularity and consumer demand for brands of licensors such as Disney, LucasFilm, Marvel, Hasbro and Nickelodeon. If we are not able to meet our contractual commitments or are unable to maintain licensing agreements with key brands, our business would be adversely affected. There can be no certainty that licensed brands will continue to be successful or maintain high levels of sales in the future and the timing of future entertainment projects may not coincide with historical dates impacting our ability to maintain sales levels. In addition, if we miscalculate the market for our merchandise or the purchasing preferences of our guests, we may be required to sell a significant amount of our inventory at discounted prices or even below costs, thereby adversely affecting our financial condition and profitability.
Consumer interests change rapidly and our success depends on the ongoing effectiveness of our marketing and online initiatives to build consumer affinity for our brand, drive consumer demand for key products and generate traffic for our stores.
We continue to update and evaluate our marketing initiatives, which are focused on building our brand, sharing relevant product news, executing timely promotions and adapting to rapidly changing consumer preferences. Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our integrated marketing and advertising programs and future marketing and advertising efforts that we undertake, including our ability to:
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create greater awareness of our brand, interactive shopping experience and products;
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convert consumer awareness into store visits and product purchases;
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identify the most effective and efficient level of marketing spend;
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select the right geographic areas in which to market;
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determine the appropriate creative message and media mix for marketing expenditures; and
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effectively manage marketing costs (including creative and media) to maintain acceptable operating margins and return on marketing investment.
Our planned marketing expenditures may not result in increased total or comparable sales or generate sufficient levels of product and brand awareness, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability.
Our merchandise is manufactured by foreign manufacturers and we transact business in various foreign countries; therefore, the availability and costs of our products, as well as our product pricing, may be negatively affected by risks associated with international manufacturing and trade and foreign currency fluctuations.
We purchase our merchandise from both domestic vendors who contract with manufacturers in foreign countries and directly from factories in foreign countries, primarily in China and Vietnam. Any event causing a disruption of imports, including the imposition of import restrictions, taxes or fees or labor strikes or lock-outs, could adversely affect our business. The flow of merchandise from our vendors could also be adversely affected by financial or political instability in any of the countries in which the goods we purchase are manufactured, especially China, if the instability affects the production or export of merchandise from those countries. We are subject to trade restrictions in the form of tariffs or quotas, or both, applicable to the products we sell as well as to raw material imported to manufacture those products. Such tariffs or quotas are subject to change. Our compliance with the regulations is subject to interpretation and review by applicable authorities. Change in regulations or interpretation could negatively impact our operations by increasing the cost of and reducing the supply of products available to us. In addition, decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies, particularly the Chinese renminbi, could increase the cost of products we purchase from overseas vendors. The pricing of our products in our stores may also be affected by changes in foreign currency rates and require us to make adjustments that would impact our revenue and profit in various markets. Additionally, because our foreign subsidiaries buy their inventory in U.S. dollars, we are also exposed to risk when their functional currencies fluctuate relative to the U.S dollar. For example, we estimate that the significant movement in the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar, as a result of the United Kingdom’s referendum vote in 2016 had a negative impact on our revenues and pre-tax income with most of the impact resulting from higher retail cost of merchandise sold.
We are subject to a number of risks related to disruptions, failures or security breaches of our information technology infrastructure. If we improperly obtain or are unable to protect our data or violate privacy or security laws or expectations, we could be subject to liability and damage to our reputation.
Information technology is a critically important part of our business operations. We depend on information systems to process transactions, manage inventory, operate our websites, purchase, sell and ship goods on a timely basis, and maintain cost-efficient operations. There is a risk that we could experience a business interruption, theft of information, or reputational damage as a result of a cyber-attack, such as an infiltration of a data center, or data leakage of confidential information either internally or at our third-party providers. We may experience operational problems with our information systems as a result of system failures, system implementation issues, viruses, malicious hackers, sabotage, or other causes.
Our business involves the storage and transmission of consumers’ personal information, such as personal preferences and credit card information. We invest in industry-standard security technology to protect the Company’s data and business processes against the risk of data security breaches and cyber-attacks. Our data security management program includes identity, trust, vulnerability and threat management business processes, as well as enforcement of standard data protection policies such as Payment Card Industry compliance. We measure our data security effectiveness through industry accepted methods and remediate critical findings. Additionally, we certify our major technology suppliers and any outsourced services through accepted security certification measures. We maintain and routinely test backup systems and disaster recovery, along with external network security penetration testing by an independent third party as part of our business continuity preparedness. Internet privacy is a rapidly changing area and we may be subject to future requirements and legislation that are costly to implement and may negatively impact our results.
While we believe that our security technology and processes are adequate in preventing security breaches and in reducing cyber security risks, given the ever-increasing abilities of those intent on breaching cyber security measures and given our reliance on the security and other efforts of third-party vendors, the total security effort at any point in time may not be completely effective, and any such security breaches and cyber incidents could adversely affect our business. Failure of our systems, including failures due to cyber-attacks that would prevent the ability of systems to function as intended, could cause transaction errors, loss of customers and sales, and could have negative consequences to us, our employees, and those with whom we do business. Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential information could also severely damage our reputation, expose us to the risks of litigation and liability, and harm our business. While we carry insurance that would mitigate the losses to an extent, such insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for potentially significant losses.
We currently obtain and retain personal information about our website users, store shoppers and loyalty program members. In addition, we obtain personal information about our guests as part of their registration in our Find-A-Bear® identification system. Federal, state and foreign governments have enacted or may enact laws or regulations regarding the collection and use of personal information, with particular emphasis on the collection of information regarding minors. Such regulation may also include enforcement and redress provisions. We have a stringent, comprehensive privacy policy covering the information we collect from our guests and have established security features to protect our consumer database and websites. While we have implemented programs and procedures designed to protect the privacy of people, including children, from whom we collect information, and our websites are designed to be fully compliant with the Federal Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, there can be no assurance that such programs will conform to all applicable laws or regulations. If we fail to fully comply, we may be subjected to liability and damage to our reputation. In addition, because our guest database primarily includes personal information of young children and young children frequently interact with our websites, we are potentially vulnerable to charges from parents, children’s organizations, governmental entities, and the media of engaging in inappropriate collection, distribution or other use of data collected from children. Additionally, while we have security features, our security measures may not protect users’ identities and our online safety measures may be questioned, which may result in negative publicity or a decrease in visitors to our sites. If site users act inappropriately or seek unauthorized contact with other users of the site, it could harm our reputation and, therefore, our business and we could be subject to liability.
If we are unable to increase our total and comparable sales, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Our consolidated comparable sales decreased by 4.4% in 2016. This follows increases of 1.0% in 2015, 1.7% in 2014 and 4.9% in 2013 following a multi-year decline. We believe the principal factors that will affect comparable sales results include the following:
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the continuing appeal of our concept;
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the effectiveness of our marketing efforts to attract new and repeat guests;
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the trend of consumers preferring to purchase products from online merchants rather than traditional brick and mortar stores;
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mall traffic;
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consumer confidence and general economic conditions;
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the impact of changes in governmental policies on consumer sentiment and discretionary spending levels;
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the impact of store closures, relocations and openings in existing markets;
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our ability to anticipate and respond, in a timely manner, to consumer trends;
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the continued introduction and expansion of our merchandise offerings;
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competition for product offerings, including in the online space;
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the impact of updates to our brand appearance and our store design;
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the timing and frequency of national media appearances and other public relations events; and
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weather conditions.
As a result of these and other factors, we may not be able to achieve comparable sales growth in the future. If we are unable to do so, our results of operations could be significantly harmed and we may be required to record significant impairment charges.
We may not be able to evolve our store locations to align with market trends or to effectively manage our overall portfolio of stores which could adversely affect our ability to grow and could significantly harm our profitability.
Our future results will largely depend on our ability to optimize store productivity and profitability by strategically evolving our real estate portfolio to align with market trends while selectively opening new locations and systematically refreshing our store base. Our ability to manage our portfolio of stores in future years and position stores in desirable locations and operate stores profitably, particularly in multi-store markets, is a key factor in our ability to achieve sustained profitable growth. We cannot be certain when or whether desirable locations will become available, the number of Build-A-Bear Workshop stores that we can or will ultimately open, or whether any such new or relocated stores can be profitably operated. We may decide to close other stores in the future.
In June 2015, we closed a flagship store in New York City. Because this store had much larger annual sales than our typical mall-based stores, closing this store had an adverse impact on our revenues.
Additionally, in 2016 we operated 10 stores located within other retailers’ stores and as such are subject to the operational risks of these retailers, including but not limited to, ineffective store operations, labor disputes and negative publicity. If other retailers in which we have stores are impacted by these factors, it could have a negative impact on our sales and operating performance.
If we are unable to renew, renegotiate or replace our store leases or enter into leases for new stores on favorable terms, or if we violate any of the terms of our current leases, our growth and profitability could be harmed.
We lease all of our store locations. The majority of our store leases contain provisions for base rent plus percentage rent based on sales in excess of an agreed upon minimum annual sales level. A number of our leases include a termination provision which applies if we do not meet certain sales levels during a specified period, typically in the third to fourth year and the sixth to seventh year of the lease, which may be at either the landlord’s option or ours. Furthermore, some of our leases contain various restrictions relating to change of control of our company. Our leases also subject us to risks relating to compliance with changing mall rules and the exercise of discretion by our landlords on various matters within the malls. We may not be able to maintain or obtain favorable locations in desirable malls. The terms of new leases may not be as favorable, which could cause an increase in store expenses negatively impacting overall profitability. If we execute termination rights, we may have expenses and charges associated with those closures that could negatively impact our profitability. Additionally, several large landlords dominate the ownership of prime malls, particularly in the United States and Canada, and because of our dependence on these landlords for a substantial number of our locations, any significant erosion in their financial conditions or our relationships with these landlords could negatively affect our ability to obtain and retain store locations. Further landlord consolidation may negatively impact our results of operations.
Our leases in the United Kingdom and Ireland also typically contain provisions requiring rent reviews every five years in which the base rent that we pay is adjusted to current market rates. These rent reviews require that base rents cannot be reduced if market conditions have deteriorated but can be changed “upwards only.” We may be required to pay base rents that are significantly higher than we have projected. As a result of these and other factors, we may not be able to operate our European store locations profitably. If we are unable to do so, our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed and we may be required to record significant additional impairment charges.
In addition, the lease for our store in the Downtown Disney® District at the Disneyland® Resort in Anaheim, California provides that the landlord may terminate the lease at any time. As a result, we cannot be assured that the landlord will not exercise its right to terminate this lease.
We may suffer negative publicity or be sued if the manufacturers of our merchandise or of Build-A-Bear branded merchandise sold by our licensees ship any products that do not meet current safety standards or production requirements or if such products are recalled or cause injuries.
Although we require our manufacturers to meet governmental safety standards and our product specifications and submit our products for testing, we cannot control the materials used by our manufacturers. Additionally, through our agreements, our licensees are required to ensure that their manufacturers meet applicable safety and testing standards. If any of these manufacturers ship merchandise that does not meet our required standards, we could in turn experience negative publicity or be sued.
Many of our products are used by small children and infants who may be injured from usage if age grading or warnings are not followed. We may decide or be required to recall products or be subject to claims or lawsuits resulting from injuries. For example, we have voluntarily recalled six products in the past eight years due to possible safety issues. While the vendors have historically reimbursed us for certain related expenses, negative publicity in the event of any recall or if any children are injured from our products could have a material adverse effect on sales of our products and our business, and related recalls or lawsuits with respect to such injuries could have a material adverse effect on our financial position. Additionally, we could incur fines related to consumer product safety issues from the regulatory authorities in the countries in which we operate. Although we currently have liability insurance, we cannot assure you that it would cover product recalls or related fines, and we face the risk that claims or liabilities will exceed our insurance coverage. Furthermore, we may not be able to maintain adequate liability insurance in the future. While our licensing agreements typically indemnify us against financial losses resulting from a safety or quality issue from Build-A-Bear branded products sold by our licensees, our brand may be negatively impacted.
We may not be able to operate our international company-owned stores profitably.
We currently operate company-owned stores in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Denmark and China. Our future success in international markets may be impacted by differences in consumer demand, regulatory and cultural differences, economic conditions, changes in foreign government policies and regulations and potential restrictions and costs to convert and repatriate currency, as well as other risks that we may not anticipate. Brand awareness in international markets may be lower than in the U.S. and we may face higher labor and rent costs, as well as different holiday schedules. Although we have realized benefits from our operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland, we may be unable to continue to do so on a consistent basis. In 2016, we opened our first company-owned store in China and subsequently recognized an impairment charge on a substantial portion of the store’s assets. In February 2015, we converted a previously franchised store in Denmark into a company-owned location. In 2013 and 2014, we closed eight stores in Canada. In 2012, we recognized an impairment charge on all of the goodwill associated with our UK acquisition along with the store assets at certain store locations with poor operating results.
Additionally, we conduct business globally in many different jurisdictions with currencies other than U.S. dollars. Our results could be negatively impacted by changes or fluctuations in currency exchange rates since we report our consolidated financial results in U.S. dollars.
We are subject to risks associated with technology and digital operations.
Our operations are subject to numerous technology related risks, including risks related to the failure of the computer systems that operate our point of sale and inventory systems, websites and mobile sites and their related support systems. We are also subject to risks related to computer viruses, telecommunications failures, and similar disruptions. Also, we may require additional capital in the future to sustain or grow our technological infrastructure and digital commerce capabilities.
Business risks related to technology and digital commerce include risks associated with the need to keep pace with rapid technological change, Internet security risks, risks of system failure or inadequacy, governmental regulation and legal uncertainties with respect to the Internet, and collection of sales or other taxes by additional states or foreign jurisdictions. If any of these risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We may not be able to operate successfully if we lose key personnel, are unable to hire qualified additional personnel, or experience turnover of our management team.
The success of our business depends upon the quality of associates throughout our organization and our ability to attract and retain qualified key employees. In June 2013, we hired a new Chief Executive Officer who replaced our retiring Founder and Chief Executive Bear. Since then, six other executive officers left the Company and four executive officers joined the Company. The success of our business depends on effective transition of these positions. During these transitions, organizational changes are likely to occur and we may not be able to retain key managers or associates. We may incur expenses related to the transition in these positions that could negatively impact the profitability of our business. The loss of certain key employees, our inability to attract and retain other qualified key employees or a labor shortage that reduces the pool of qualified candidates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a few vendors to supply substantially all of our merchandise, and significant price increases or any disruption in their ability to deliver merchandise could harm our ability to source products and supply inventory to our stores.
We do not own or operate any factories that produce our skins, clothing, shoes or accessories. For the past three years, we purchased between 73% and 85% of our merchandise from four vendors. These vendors in turn contract for the production of merchandise with multiple manufacturing facilities, located primarily in China and, beginning in 2014, in Vietnam. Our relationships with our vendors generally are on a purchase order basis and do not provide a contractual obligation to provide adequate supply or acceptable pricing on a long-term basis. Our vendors could discontinue sourcing merchandise for us at any time. If any of our significant vendors were to discontinue their relationship with us, or if the factories with which they contract were to suffer a disruption in their production, we may be unable to replace the vendors in a timely manner, which could result in short-term disruption to our inventory flow or quality of the inventory as we transition our orders to new vendors or factories which could, in turn, disrupt our store operations and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, in the event of a significant price increase from these suppliers, we may not be able to find alternative sources of supply in a timely manner or raise prices to offset the increases, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may fail to renew, register or otherwise protect our trademarks or other intellectual property and may be sued by third parties for infringement or, misappropriation of their proprietary rights, which could be costly, distract our management and personnel and which could result in the diminution in value of our trademarks and other important intellectual property.
Other parties have asserted in the past, and may assert in the future, trademark, patent, copyright or other intellectual property rights that are important to our business. We cannot assure you that others will not seek to block the use of or seek monetary damages or other remedies for the prior use of our brand names or other intellectual property or the sale of our products or services as a violation of their trademark, patent or other proprietary rights. Defending any claims, even claims without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly settlements, litigation or restrictions on our business and damage our reputation.
In addition, there may be prior registrations or use of intellectual property in the U.S. or foreign countries for similar or competing marks or other proprietary rights of which we are not aware. In all such countries it may be possible for any third party owner of a national trademark registration or other proprietary right to enjoin or limit our expansion into those countries or to seek damages for our use of such intellectual property in such countries. In the event a claim against us were successful and we could not obtain a license to the relevant intellectual property or redesign or rename our products or operations to avoid infringement, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. Securing registrations does not fully insulate us against intellectual property claims, as another party may have rights superior to our registration or our registration may be vulnerable to attack on various grounds.
We may suffer negative publicity or be sued if the manufacturers of our merchandise violate labor laws or engage in practices that consumers believe are unethical.
We rely on our sourcing personnel to select manufacturers with legal and ethical labor practices, but we cannot control the business and labor practices of our manufacturers. If one of these manufacturers violates labor laws or other applicable regulations or is accused of violating these laws and regulations, or if such a manufacturer engages in labor or other practices that diverge from those typically acceptable in the United States, we could in turn experience negative publicity or be sued.
Our company-owned distribution center which services the majority of our stores in North America and our third-party distribution center providers used in the western United States and Europe may experience disruptions in their ability to support our stores or they may operate inefficiently.
The operation of our stores is dependent on our ability to distribute merchandise to locations throughout the United States, Canada, Europe and China in a timely manner. We have a 350,000-square-foot distribution center in Groveport, Ohio. We rely on this company-owned distribution center to receive, store and distribute merchandise for the majority of our North America stores. We rely on third parties to manage all of the warehousing and distribution aspects of our business on the West Coast of the United States and in Europe. Any significant interruption in the operation of the distribution centers due to natural disasters or severe weather, as well as events such as fire, accidents, power outages, system failures or other unforeseen causes could damage a significant portion of our inventory. These factors may also impair our ability to adequately stock our stores and could decrease our sales and increase our costs associated with our supply chain.
Our profitability could be adversely affected by fluctuations in petroleum products prices.
The profitability of our business depends to a certain degree upon the price of petroleum products, both as a component of the transportation costs for delivery of inventory from our vendors to our stores and as a raw material used in the production of our animal skins and stuffing. We are unable to predict what the price of crude oil and the resulting petroleum products will be in the future. We may be unable to pass along to our customers the increased costs that would result from higher petroleum prices. Therefore, any such increase could have an adverse impact on our business and profitability.
If we are unable to effectively manage our international franchises, attract new franchisees or if the laws relating to our international franchises change, our growth and profitability could be adversely affected and we could be exposed to additional liability.
As of December 31, 2016, there were 92 Build-A-Bear Workshop international franchised stores. We cannot ensure that our franchisees will be successful in identifying and securing desirable locations or in operating their stores. International markets frequently have different demographic characteristics, competitive conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns than our existing owned and operated markets, which impact the performance of these stores. Additionally, our franchisees may experience financing, merchandising and distribution expenses and challenges that are different from those we encounter in our existing markets. The operations and results of our franchisees could be negatively impacted by the economic or political factors in the countries in which they operate or foreign currency fluctuations. These challenges, as well as others, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, we incurred $1.4 million of bad debt expense related to receivables from our franchisees in fiscal 2014.
The success of our franchising strategy depends upon our ability to attract and maintain qualified franchisees with sufficient financial resources to develop and grow their operations and upon the ability of those franchisees to successfully develop and operate their franchised stores. Franchisees may not operate stores in a manner consistent with our standards and requirements, may not hire and train qualified managers and other store personnel and may not operate their stores profitably. As a result, our franchising operations may not be profitable. Moreover, our brand image and reputation may suffer. When franchisees perform below expectations we may transfer those agreements to other parties, take over the operations directly or discontinue the franchise agreement. For example, in 2015, we terminated the franchise agreement in Scandinavia leading to the closure of stores in Norway and Sweden. In 2016, we consented to the sale of the South African franchise to new owners. Furthermore, the interests of franchisees might sometimes conflict with our interests. For example, whereas franchisees are concerned with their individual business objectives, we are responsible for ensuring the success of the Build-A-Bear brand and all of our stores.
The laws of the various foreign countries in which our franchisees operate govern our relationships with our franchisees. These laws, and any new laws that may be enacted, may detrimentally affect the rights and obligations between us and our franchisees and could expose us to additional liability.
Our plans to leverage the Build-A-Bear brand to drive strategic expansion into new sales and profit streams may not be successful.
Our objective to achieve sustained profitable growth depends in part on our ability to use our brand and existing infrastructure as a foundation to drive new lines of business. For example, we initiated an outbound licensing program in 2015 and currently expect to expand this business in the future. If we are unable to develop these new lines of business profitably, we may not be able to achieve our long-term objectives.
Our business may be adversely impacted at any time by a significant variety of competitive threats.
We operate in a highly competitive environment characterized by low barriers to entry. We compete against a diverse group of competitors. Because we are primarily mall-based, we see our competition as those mall-based retailers that compete for prime mall locations, including various apparel, footwear and specialty retailers. As a retailer whose signature product is a stuffed animal that is typically purchased as a toy or gift, we also compete with big box retailers and toy stores, as well as manufacturers that sell plush toys. Since we offer our guests an experience as well as merchandise, we also view our competition as any company that competes for our guests’ time and entertainment dollars, such as movie theaters, restaurants, amusement parks and arcades. In addition, there are several small companies that operate “make your own” teddy bear and stuffed animal experiences in retail stores and kiosks. Although we believe that none of these companies currently offer the breadth and depth of the Build-A-Bear Workshop products and experience, we cannot assure you that they will not compete directly with us in the future.
Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources, and greater name recognition. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with them in the future, particularly in geographic locations that represent new markets for us. If we fail to compete successfully, our market share and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We may suffer negative publicity or a decrease in sales or profitability if the products from other companies that we sell in our stores do not meet our quality standards or fail to achieve our sales expectations.
We may expand our product assortment to include products manufactured by other companies. If sales of such products do not meet our expectations or are impacted by competitors’ pricing, we may have to take markdowns or employ other strategies to liquidate the product. If other companies do not meet quality or safety standards or violate any manufacturing or labor laws, we may suffer negative publicity and may not realize our sales plans.
Poor global economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources.
Although we believe that our capital structure and credit facilities will provide sufficient liquidity, there can be no assurance that our liquidity will not be affected by changes in the capital markets or that our capital resources will at all times be sufficient or at an acceptable cost to satisfy our liquidity needs. Capital market conditions may affect the renewal or replacement of our credit agreement, which was originally entered into in 2000 and has been extended annually since then and currently expires December 31, 2017.
Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock
The outcome of the strategic alternatives evaluation process announced on May 3, 2016, is uncertain and the process may or may not result in any changes to the Company’s business plan or lead to a specific action or transaction.
In May 2016, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized an exploration of a full range of strategic alternatives. No timetable has been set for the review process. We do not expect to comment further or update the market with any additional information on the process unless and until the Board of Directors deems disclosure appropriate or necessary. There is no assurance that this exploration will result in any strategic alternatives being announced or executed or that any resulting plans will have a positive impact on long-term shareholder value.
Fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations could cause the price of our common stock to substantially decline.
Retailers generally are subject to fluctuations in quarterly results. Our operating results for one period may not be indicative of results for other periods, and may fluctuate significantly due to a variety of factors, including:
•
the profitability of our stores;
•
increases or decreases in comparable sales;
•
increases or decreases in total revenues;
•
changes in general economic conditions and consumer spending patterns;
•
the timing and frequency of our marketing initiatives;
•
changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
•
seasonal shopping patterns, including whether the Easter holiday occurs in the first or second quarter and other school holiday schedules;
•
the timing of store closures, relocations and openings and related expenses;
•
the effectiveness of our inventory management;
•
changes in consumer preferences;
•
the continued introduction and expansion of merchandise offerings;
•
actions of competitors or mall anchors and co-tenants;
•
weather conditions;
•
the timing and frequency of national media appearances and other public relations events; and
•
the impact of a 53rd week in our fiscal year, which occurs approximately every six years, the most recent being fiscal 2014;
If our future quarterly results fluctuate significantly or fail to meet the expectations of the investment community, then the market price of our common stock could decline substantially.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that may prevent or frustrate attempts to replace or remove our current management by our stockholders, even if such replacement or removal may be in our stockholders’ best interests.
Our basic corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that might enable our management to resist a takeover. These provisions:
•
restrict various types of business combinations with significant stockholders;
•
provide for a classified board of directors;
•
limit the right of stockholders to remove directors or change the size of the board of directors;
•
limit the right of stockholders to fill vacancies on the board of directors;
•
limit the right of stockholders to act by written consent and to call a special meeting of stockholders or propose other actions;
•
require a higher percentage of stockholders than would otherwise be required to amend, alter, change or repeal our bylaws and certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation; and
•
authorize the issuance of preferred stock with any voting rights, dividend rights, conversion privileges, redemption rights and liquidation rights and other rights, preferences, privileges, powers, qualifications, limitations or restrictions as may be specified by our board of directors.
These provisions may:
•
discourage, delay or prevent a change in the control of our company or a change in our management, even if such change may be in the best interests of our stockholders;
•
adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock; and
•
limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
Stores
We lease all of our store locations. As of December 31, 2016, we operated 346 retail stores located primarily in major malls throughout the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and China in our DTC segment.
Non-Store Properties
In addition to leasing all of our store locations, we own a warehouse and distribution center in Groveport, Ohio, which is utilized primarily by our DTC segment. The facility is approximately 350,000 square feet and includes our North American e-commerce fulfillment site. We also lease approximately 59,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters in St. Louis, Missouri which houses our corporate staff, our call center and our on-site training facilities. The lease was amended, effective January 1, 2014, with a five-year term. In the United Kingdom, we lease approximately 6,500 square feet for our regional headquarters in Slough, England under a lease that commenced in March 2016 with a term of 10 years.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time we are involved in ordinary routine litigation typical for companies engaged in our line of business, including actions seeking to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are not involved in any pending legal proceedings that we believe would be likely, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “BBW.” Our common stock commenced trading on the NYSE on October 28, 2004. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of our common stock for the periods indicated.
As of March 10, 2017, the number of holders of record of the Company’s common stock totaled approximately 2,508.
PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following performance graph compares the 60-month cumulative total stockholder return of our common stock, with the cumulative total return on the Russell 2000® Index and an SEC-defined peer group of companies identified as SIC Code 5600-5699 (the “Peer Group”). The Peer Group consists of companies whose primary business is the operation of apparel and accessory retail stores. Build-A-Bear Workshop is not strictly a merchandise retailer and there is a strong interactive, entertainment component to our business which differentiates us from retailers in the Peer Group. However, in the absence of any other readily identifiable peer group, we believe the use of the Peer Group is appropriate.
The performance graph starts on December 31, 2011, and ends on December 30, 2016, the last trading day prior to December 31, 2016, the end of our fiscal 2016. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2011, in each of our common stock, the Russell 2000 Index and the Peer Group, and that all dividends were reinvested.
These indices are included only for comparative purposes as required by SEC rules and do not necessarily reflect management’s opinion that such indices are an appropriate measure of the relative performance of our common stock. They are not intended to forecast the possible future performance of our common stock.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
(1)
Includes shares of our common stock delivered to us in satisfaction of the tax withholding obligation of holders of restricted shares which vested during the quarter. Our equity incentive plans provide that the value of shares delivered to us to pay the withholding tax obligations is calculated at the closing trading price of our common stock on the date the relevant transaction occurs.
(2)
In November 2015, the board adopted a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $15 million of our common stock. Shares repurchased under this program were subsequently retired. This program expired on March 31, 2016.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
There were no sales of unregistered securities during the past three years.
Dividend Policy
No dividends were paid in 2016, 2015 or 2014. We anticipate that we will retain any future earnings to support operations, to finance the growth and development of our business and to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time and we do not expect, at this time, to pay cash dividends. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions, future prospects and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. Additionally, under our credit agreement, we are prohibited from declaring dividends without the prior consent of our lender, subject to certain exceptions, as described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we refer to our fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015, December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, as fiscal years 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our fiscal year consists of 52 or 53 weeks, and ends on the Saturday nearest December 31 in each year. The 2014 fiscal year included 53 weeks and fiscal years 2016, 2015, 2013 and 2012 included 52 weeks. All of our fiscal quarters presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K included 13 weeks, with the exception of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, which included 14 weeks. When we refer to our fiscal quarters, or any three month period ending as of a specified date, we are referring to the 13-week or 14-week period prior to that date.
The following table sets forth, for the periods and dates indicated, our selected consolidated financial and operating data. The balance sheet data for fiscal 2016 and 2015 and the statement of operations and other financial data for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 are derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The balance sheet data for fiscal 2014, 2013 and 2012, and the statement of operations and other financial data for fiscal 2013 and 2012 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should read our selected consolidated financial and operating data in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(1)
Fiscal 2016, 2015, 2013 and 2012 included 52 weeks; fiscal 2014 included 53 weeks.
(2)
Retail gross margin represents net retail sales less cost of merchandise sold - retail. Retail gross margin percentage represents retail gross margin divided by net retail sales.
(3)
Capital expenditures consist of leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, land, buildings, computer equipment and software purchases, as well as trademarks, intellectual property and deferred leasing fees.
(4)
Excludes our e-commerce sites. North American stores are located in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. In Europe, stores are located in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and beginning in 2015, Denmark.
(5)
Square footage for stores located in North America is leased square footage. Square footage for stores located in Europe and China is estimated selling square footage.
(6)
Average net retail sales per store represents net retail sales only from stores open throughout the entire period, excluding e-commerce locations, divided by the total number of such stores.
(7)
Net retail sales per square foot in North America represents net retail sales from stores open throughout the entire period in North America, excluding e-commerce location, divided by the total leased square footage of such stores.
(8)
Net retail sales per square foot in Europe represents net retail sales from stores open throughout the entire period in Europe, excluding e-commerce location, divided by the total selling square footage of such stores.
(9)
Consolidated comparable sales percentage changes are based on net retail sales, including e-commerce, and exclude the impact of foreign exchange. Store locations are considered comparable beginning in their thirteenth full month of operation. Comparable sales percentage changes for 2015 are based on net retail sales as compared to the 52-week period ended January 3, 2015.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including our financial statements and the notes thereto, which appears elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are the only global company that offers an interactive “make your own stuffed animal” retail entertainment experience under the Build-A-Bear Workshop brand, in which guests stuff, fluff, dress, accessorize and name their own teddy bears and other stuffed animals. As of December 31, 2016, we operated 346 company-owned stores and had 92 franchised stores operating in international locations under the Build-A-Bear Workshop brand. In addition to our stores, we sell products on our company-owned e-commerce sites.
We operate in three segments that share the same infrastructure, including management, systems, merchandising and marketing, and generate revenues as follows:
•
DTC - Company-owned retail stores located in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and China and two e-commerce sites;
•
Commercial - Transactions with other businesses, mainly comprised of wholesale product sales and licensing our intellectual property, including entertainment properties, for third-party use; and
•
International franchising - Other international stores operated under franchise agreements.
Selected financial data attributable to each segment for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, are set forth in Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For a discussion of the key trends and uncertainties that have affected our revenues, income and liquidity, see the “- Revenues,” “- Costs and Expenses” and “- Stores” subsections of this Overview, along with the “Risk Factors” and “Results of Operations.”
We believe that we have an appealing retail store concept that has broad demographic appeal which, for North American stores open for the entire year, averaged net retail sales per store of $1.0 million in fiscal 2016, $1.1 million in fiscal 2015, and $1.2 million in fiscal 2014. Consolidated store contribution consists of store location net retail sales less cost of product, marketing and store related expenses. Non-store general and administrative expenses are excluded as are our e-commerce sites, locations not open for the full fiscal year and adjustments to deferred revenue related to gift card breakage and our loyalty program. See “- Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of store contribution to net income. Consolidated store contribution as a percent of store location net retail sales was 15.9%, 18.2% and 16.3% for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Consolidated net income as a percentage of total revenues was 0.4%, 7.2% and 3.7% for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The decline in consolidated store contribution in fiscal 2016 was primarily the result of the decline in consolidated comparable sales primarily in North America in the fourth quarter. Additionally, our store results were negatively impacted by the deleverage of fixed occupancy costs and the impact of currency fluctuations, particularly in Europe. This followed three consecutive years of consolidated comparable sales increases and improved profitability.
In 2015, results were driven by the disciplined execution of our stated strategies as we updated existing stores and expanded our real estate portfolio with our new Discovery store design, opened our first ever value-driven outlet format stores, extended engagement with core consumer segments, expanded business with the teen-plus affinity and gift-giving segment, introduced new intellectual property collections and drove e-commerce sales while making investments in infrastructure and personnel.
In 2014, the successful and consistent implementation of our key strategies of optimizing real estate, resetting the consumer value equation and rationalizing our expense structure resulted in improved North American sales per square foot, expanded consolidated retail gross margin and a reduction in the number of unprofitable stores in North America to less than 2%.
We expect 2017 to be a transitional year as adjustments are made and key aspects of our longer term strategies are put in place We plan to continue to address our aged store fleet, diversify into non-traditional locations and kick-off a comprehensive upgrade of our website platform and e-commerce systems. We also intend to increase consumer interest in store visits and brand connection to drive traffic, while building relevance and affinity among consumer segments outside of our core and expanding our wholesale and corporate sales programs. Additionally, we expect to make adjustments to marketing programs to create synergy across channels and leverage entertainment content to extend brand interaction with “play beyond the plush”. Through a combination of these strategies and our continued disciplined expense management, we remain focused on improving profitability in 2017 and beyond.
We ended fiscal 2016 with no borrowings under our bank loan agreement and with $32.5 million in cash and cash equivalents after investing $28.1 million in capital projects throughout the year. During 2016, we spent $1.5 million repurchasing shares of our common stock.
Following is a description and discussion of the major components of our statement of operations:
Revenues
Net retail sales: Net retail sales are revenues from retail sales (including our e-commerce sites), are net of discounts, exclude sales tax, include shipping and handling costs billed to customers, and are recognized at the time of sale. Revenues from gift cards are recognized at the time of redemption or breakage. Our guests use cash, checks, gift cards and third party credit cards to make purchases. We classify stores as new, comparable and non-comparable stores. Stores enter the comparable sales calculation in their thirteenth full month of operation. Our temporary and seasonal locations are not included in our comparable calculations, unless they are open for thirteen months. Non-comparable stores also result from a store relocation or remodel that results in a significant change in square footage or temporary closure. The net retail sales for a location with a significant change in square footage are excluded from comparable sales calculations until the thirteenth full month of operation after the date of the change. The net retail sales for a location with temporary closure are excluded from comparable sales calculations for each month or partial month that the location is closed.
Beginning in 2015, we began to recognize breakage revenue on unredeemed gift cards sold in the U.S. using the redemption recognition method. Revenue is recognized in net retail sales when the likelihood of the gift card being redeemed is considered remote, based on historical redemption patterns. We have a loyalty program with a frequent shopper reward feature, the Build-A-Bear Workshop Rewards program. Members of the program receive one point for every dollar spent and receive awards after reaching certain point thresholds. On a quarterly basis, an estimate of the obligation related to the program, based on actual points and awards outstanding and historical point conversion and award redemption patterns, is recorded as an adjustment to the deferred revenue liability and net retail sales. Gift cards can be purchased and redeemed and awards can be earned or redeemed at any of our store locations. Accordingly, we account for gift card breakage and changes in the deferred revenue account at the total company level only. Therefore, when we refer to net retail sales by location, such as comparable stores or new stores, these amounts do not include gift card breakage or any changes in deferred revenue. See “-Critical Accounting Estimates” for additional information on the accounting for gift card breakage and the deferred revenue related to our customer loyalty program.
We use net retail sales per square foot and comparable sales as performance measures for our business. The following table details net retail sales per square foot for stores open throughout the fiscal year for the periods presented:
(1)
Net retail sales per square foot in North America represents net retail sales from stores open throughout the entire applicable fiscal year in North America, excluding e-commerce sales, divided by the total leased square footage of such stores.
(2)
Net retail sales per square foot in Europe represents net retail sales from stores open throughout the entire applicable fiscal year in Europe, excluding e-commerce sales, divided by the total selling square footage of such stores.
(3)
Fiscal 2016 and 2015 included 52 weeks; fiscal 2014 included 53 weeks.
The percentage increase (or decrease) in comparable sales for the periods presented below is as follows:
(1) Comparable sales percentage changes are based on net retail sales and exclude the impact of foreign exchange. Stores are considered comparable beginning in their thirteenth full month of operation.
The decrease in consolidated comparable sales in 2016 was primarily attributable to a double-digit decline in North America in the fourth quarter. In addition to the impact of the overall reported declines in North American mall traffic in December, we believe the decrease is primarily attributable to:
●
Changes in media and marketing tactics, shifts in licensed product sales and the execution of unplanned promotional activities;
●
A decrease in gift card redemptions; and
●
Missed e-commerce sales in the fourth quarter due to the inability of our e-commerce systems to manage the increased traffic to our site.
Additionally, we believe the strong performance of last year’s Minion’s collection contributed to the comparable sales decline in the second and third quarters of 2016. These declines were partially offset by the positive consolidated comparable sales performance in North America in the first quarter of 2016 which we believe was the result of our overall disciplined management of our business and the initial success of key initiatives of our strategic plan.
Comparable sales percentage changes for 2015 are based on net retail sales as compared to the 52-week period ended January 3, 2015. We believe the increase in comparable sales for the year is primarily attributable to the balanced product assortment that simultaneously and consistently focused on our four key consumer segments supported by elevated marketing programs. We believe this drove improvements in key metrics including dollars and units per transaction across geographies that were able to offset a decrease in transactions due to a challenging retail environment in North America and the success of certain licensed product in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014.
Commercial revenue: Commercial revenue includes the company’s transactions with other businesses, mainly through wholesale and licensing transactions. Revenue from wholesale product sales includes revenue from sales of merchandise to third parties that operate stores under licensing agreements. In addition, we have historically entered into a number of outbound licensing arrangements whereby third parties manufacture merchandise carrying the Build-A-Bear trademark and sell it to other retailers. Revenue from outbound licensing activities is generally based on a percentage of sales made by licensees to third parties and is recognized at the time of sale by the licensee.
Franchise fees: Typically, we receive an initial, one-time franchise fee for each master franchise agreement which is amortized to revenue over the initial term of the respective franchise agreement, which may extend for periods up to 25 years and include a renewal option if certain conditions are met. Master franchise rights are typically granted to a franchisee for an entire country or countries. Continuing franchise fees are based on a percentage of sales made by the franchisees’ stores and are recognized as revenue at the time of those sales.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of merchandise sold - retail and retail gross margin: Cost of merchandise sold - retail includes the cost of the merchandise, including royalties paid to licensors of third party branded merchandise; store occupancy cost, including store depreciation and store asset impairment charges; cost of warehousing and distribution; packaging; stuffing; damages and shortages; and shipping and handling costs incurred in shipment to customers. Retail gross margin is defined as net retail sales less the cost of merchandise sold - retail.
Selling, general and administrative expense: These expenses include store payroll and benefits, advertising, credit card fees, store supplies and normal store closings as well as central office general and administrative expenses, including costs for management payroll, benefits, stock-based compensation, travel, information systems, accounting, insurance, legal and public relations. These expenses also include depreciation of central office assets as well as the amortization of intellectual property and other assets. Certain store expenses such as store payroll and credit card fees historically have increased or decreased proportionately with net retail sales.
Preopening: These expenses include costs incurred prior to store openings, remodels and relocations including certain store set-up, labor and hiring costs, rental charges, payroll, marketing, travel and relocation costs. They are expensed as incurred.
Stores
Company-owned stores:
The number of Build-A-Bear Workshop stores in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico (collectively, North America), the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark (collectively, Europe) and China for the last three fiscal years are summarized as follows:
During 2017, we expect to continue to make improvements to an aged store fleet by leveraging the new Discovery format in conjunction with select natural lease events. We also expect to close certain stores in accordance with natural lease events as an ongoing part of our real estate management and day-to-day operational plans. Current plans include expansion into more non-traditional locations, made possible by a new, lower capital, more flexible “concourse shop” model. Concourse shops are stand-alone shops with approximately 200 square feet designed to be operated in open, concourse areas of malls or other covered pedestrian areas. We currently expect to add 20 to 25 new locations, with approximately 15 being concourse shops, in fiscal 2017 and close 5 to 10 existing locations to finish 2017 with 356 to 366 company-owned retail locations.
We also operate in a number of other non-traditional locations, such as a ballpark, a zoo and science center. Additionally, we operate shop-in-shop locations within other retailers’ stores. In 2016, we had three permanent shop-in-shop locations and seven seasonal locations open only in the fourth quarter. As planned, two of these locations closed in the last week of fiscal 2016 and the remaining five locations closed in the first week of 2017. We also operate temporary stores, which generally have lease terms of six to eighteen months. These locations are intended to capitalize on short-term opportunities in specific locations. In 2015, we opened our first true outlet format stores, in which we offer a value-oriented merchandise assortment, targeting locations near kid-centric tourist destinations. As of December 31, 2016, we operated 22 temporary and 11 outlet stores.
International Franchise Locations:
Our first franchisee location was opened in November 2003. All franchised stores have similar signage, store layout and merchandise assortments as our company-owned heritage stores. As of December 31, 2016, we had eight master franchise agreements, which typically grant franchise rights for a particular country or group of countries, covering an aggregate of 14 countries. The number of international, franchised stores opened and closed for the periods presented below are summarized as follows:
The distribution of stores among these countries is as follows:
(1)
Germany master franchise agreement includes Austria and Switzerland where stores have not yet opened
(2)
Gulf States master franchise agreement includes Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates and Oman where we do not currently have a store open
In the ordinary course of business, we anticipate signing additional master franchise agreements in the future and terminating other such agreements. We believe there is a market potential for approximately 300 international stores outside of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark. In 2016, we began to source fixtures and other supplies for our franchisees from China which significantly reduced the capital and lowered the expenses required to open stores. We also leveraged new formats that have been developed for our company-owned operations such as shop-in-shops. As a result, franchisees opened 22 locations in 2016 and are expected to add a further ten stores in 2017. Additionally, our international franchisees are following our successful lead and adopting the Discovery format with five Discovery locations opened in fiscal 2016. We expect to develop market expansion through both new and existing franchisees in 2017 and beyond.
Results of Operations
2016 Overview
While significant progress was made on key platforms of our long-term strategic plan, results in 2016 were disappointing given the prior three consecutive years of comparable sales increases and improved profitability which we believe are more indicative of the consumer affinity for our brand and progress that has been made since the onset of our strategic plan in 2013. After identifying key causal factors that led to these results, we are focused on making the necessary adjustments in order to return to a positive comparable sales position and to evolve our strategies in order to deliver sustained profitable growth and enhance long-term shareholder value.
We expect 2017 to be a transitional year as adjustments are made and key aspects of our longer term strategies are put in place. We believe we are positioning ourselves for the future through the continued development and implementation of our four key strategic initiatives of channel evolution, product expansion, brand and experience amplification and long-term profitability improvement.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected statement of operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenues, except where otherwise indicated. Percentages will not total due to cost of merchandise sold being expressed as a percentage of net retail sales and commercial revenue and immaterial rounding:
(1)
Cost of merchandise sold - retail and cost of merchandise sold - commercial are expressed as a percentage of net retail sales and commercial revenue, respectively.
(2)
Retail gross margin represents net retail sales less cost of merchandise sold - retail; retail gross margin percentage represents retail gross margin divided by net retail sales.
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2016
Total revenues. Net retail sales were $357.6 million for fiscal 2016, compared to $372.7 million for fiscal 2015, a decrease of $15.1 million. The components of this decrease are as follows:
Commercial revenue was $4.3 million for fiscal 2016 compared to $2.8 million for fiscal 2015, an increase of $1.5 million. This increase was primarily due to the addition of new wholesale customers and growth in outbound licensing activity in 2016. Revenue from international franchise fees was $2.3 million for fiscal 2016 compared to $2.2 million for fiscal 2015. This $0.1 million increase was primarily the result of having more franchise locations open throughout the majority of the year.
Retail gross margin. Retail gross margin was $161.7 million in fiscal 2016 compared to $175.6 million in fiscal 2015, a decrease of $13.9 million, or 7.9%. As a percentage of net retail sales, retail gross margin decreased to 45.2% for fiscal 2016 from 47.1% for fiscal 2015, a decrease of 190 basis points as a percentage of net retail sales. This decline in margin was primarily attributable to deleverage on fixed occupancy expenses, including store asset impairments and the negative impact of currency on margin in the United Kingdom.
Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $157.2 million for fiscal 2016 as compared to $159.6 million for fiscal 2015, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 1.5%. As a percentage of total revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses were 43.2% for fiscal 2016, compared to 42.3% in fiscal 2015. The decrease in dollars was primarily attributable to lower marketing expenses and incentive compensation partially offset by charges related to a duty dispute in the UK, China start-up costs, and other costs associated with restructuring and a review of strategic alternatives. The decrease as a percentage of total revenues was driven by the deleverage of these expenses given the revenue decline in fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015.
Store preopening. Store preopening expenses were $3.5 million in fiscal 2016 as compared to $1.9 million in fiscal 2015. The increase was attributable to the increase in the number of new and remodeled Discovery format stores opened in fiscal 2016 as compared to the prior year.
Interest expense (income), net. Interest expense, net of interest income, was $5,000 for fiscal 2016. In fiscal 2015, interest income, net of interest expense, was $0.1 million.
Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense in fiscal 2016 was $3.9 million compared to an income tax benefit of $9.4 million in fiscal 2015. The 2016 effective rate of 74.1% differed from the statutory rate of 34% primarily due to the effect of establishing a full valuation allowance in certain foreign jurisdictions and other discrete tax adjustments. The 2015 effective tax rate of (52.8)% differed from the statutory rate of 34% primarily due to the reversal of all of the valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets at January 2, 2016.
Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2016 (52 weeks) Compared to Fiscal Year Ended January 3, 2015 (53 weeks)
Total revenues. Net retail sales were $372.7 million for fiscal 2015, compared to $387.7 million for fiscal 2014, a decrease of $15.0 million. The components of this decrease are as follows:
Revenue from international franchise fees was $2.2 million for fiscal 2015 compared to $2.5 million for fiscal 2014. This $0.3 million decrease was primarily the result of having fewer franchise locations open throughout the majority of the year. Commercial revenue was $2.8 million for fiscal 2015 compared to $2.1 million for fiscal 2014, an increase of $0.7 million. This increase was primarily due to an increase in wholesale activity in 2015.
Retail gross margin. Retail gross margin was $175.6 million in fiscal 2015 compared to $176.8 million in fiscal 2014, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 0.7%. As a percentage of net retail sales, retail gross margin increased to 47.1% for fiscal 2015 from 45.6% for fiscal 2014, an increase of 150 basis points as a percentage of net retail sales. This improvement in margin was primarily attributable to 150 points of expansion in merchandise margin while efficiencies in the supply chain were offset by deleverage on fixed occupancy expenses.
Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $159.6 million for fiscal 2015 as compared to $163.3 million for fiscal 2014, a decrease of $3.7 million, or 2.2%. As a percentage of total revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses were 42.3% for fiscal 2015, compared to 41.6% in fiscal 2014. The decrease in dollars was primarily attributable to lower variable costs related to the 53rd week and lower management transition expenses in fiscal 2015, partially offset by investments to advance the Company’s long-term strategy. As a result of the calendar shift in fiscal 2014, fiscal 2015 had one less week of sales which deleveraged selling, general and administrative expense as a percent of total revenues.
Store preopening. Store preopening expenses were $1.9 million in fiscal 2015 as compared to $1.2 million in fiscal 2014. The increase was attributable to the increase in the number of new and remodeled Discovery format stores opened in fiscal 2015 as compared to the prior year.
Interest expense (income), net. Interest income, net of interest expense, was $0.1 million for fiscal 2015 compared to $0.1 million of expense for fiscal 2014.
Provision for income taxes. Income tax benefit was $9.4 million in fiscal 2015, compared to a tax expense of $1.7 million in fiscal 2014. The effective rate was (52.8)% in fiscal 2015 and 10.4% in fiscal 2014. The fluctuation in the effective rate was primarily attributable to the reversal of all of the valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets at January 2, 2016. In 2011, a full valuation allowance was established on all U.S. deferred taxes due to significant losses and uncertainty about future earnings forecast. The valuation allowance was reduced in fiscal 2015 because the weight of evidence regarding the future realizability of the deferred tax assets had become predominately positive. The positive evidence considered in our assessment of the realizability of the deferred tax assets included the generation of significant positive cumulative income in the U.S. for the three-year period ending with fiscal 2015, the implementation of tax planning strategies, and projections of future taxable income, based on its positive earnings performance trend, expected continued profitability and improvements in our financial condition. The negative evidence considered included historical losses in certain prior years; however, the positive evidence outweighed this negative evidence. Accordingly, management determined it was more likely than not that all of the U.S. deferred tax assets would be realized.
For 2014, the rate was impacted by the full valuation allowance in the U.S. as well as tax expense recorded for state and withholding taxes, adjustments to tax position reserves, and tax expense recorded in foreign jurisdictions.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use the term “store contribution” throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Store contribution consists of income before income tax expense, interest, general and administrative expense, excluding income from franchise and commercial activities and contribution from our e-commerce sites, locations not open for the full fiscal year and adjustments to deferred revenue related to our loyalty program and gift card breakage. This term, as we define it, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and is not a measure of performance presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We use store contribution as a measure of our stores’ operating performance. Store contribution should not be considered a substitute for net income, net income per store, cash flows provided by operating activities, cash flows provided by operating activities per store, or other income or cash flow data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe store contribution is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance because it, along with the number of stores in operation, directly impacts our profitability.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of store contribution to net income for our company-owned stores located in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico (North America), stores located in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark (Europe) and, beginning in 2016, China, for our consolidated store base (dollars in thousands). Fiscal 2016 and 2015 include 52 weeks; fiscal 2014 includes 53 weeks.
(1)
General and administrative expenses consist of non-store, central office general and administrative functions such as management payroll and related benefits, travel, information systems, accounting, purchasing and legal costs, depreciation of central office assets as well as the amortization of intellectual property and other assets, store closing and pre-opening expenses. Certain intercompany charges are included in general and administrative expenses in Europe. General and administrative expenses also include a central office marketing department, primarily payroll and related benefits expense, but exclude advertising expenses, which are included in store contribution.
(2)
Other retail activities are comprised primarily of our e-commerce sites, stores not open for the full year and adjustments to deferred revenue related to our loyalty program and gift card breakage.
(3)
Other contribution includes franchising, commercial revenues and intercompany revenues and all expenses attributable to the international franchising and commercial segments, excluding interest expense/income and income tax expense/benefit. Interest expense/income and income tax expense/benefit related to franchising and commercial activities are included in their respective captions.
(4)
Other revenues from external customers are comprised of international franchising and commercial revenues.
Seasonality and Quarterly Results
The following is a summary of certain unaudited quarterly results of operations data for each of the last two fiscal years.
(1)
Retail gross margin represents net retail sales less cost of retail merchandise sold.
Our operating results for one period may not be indicative of results for other periods, and may fluctuate significantly because of a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: (1) fluctuations in the profitability of our stores; (2)increases or decreases in comparable sales and total revenues; (3) changes in general economic conditions and consumer spending patterns; (4) the timing and frequency of our marketing initiatives including national media appearances and other public relations events; (5) changes in foreign currency exchange rates; (6) seasonal shopping patterns and holiday and vacation schedules; (7) the timing of store closures, relocations and openings and related expenses; (8) the effectiveness of our inventory management; (9) changes in consumer preferences; (10) the continued introduction and expansion of merchandise offerings; (11) actions of competitors or mall anchors and co-tenants; (12) weather conditions; and (13) the impact of a 53rd week in our fiscal year, which occurs approximately every six years.
The timing of store openings, closures and remodels may cause fluctuations in quarterly results due to the changes in revenues and expenses associated with each store location. We typically incur most preopening costs for a new store, remodeled or relocated store in the three months immediately preceding the store’s opening. Expenses related to store closings are typically incurred in stages: when the decision is made to close the store, when the closure is communicated to store associates and at the time of closure.
As a specialty retailer, our sales are highest in our fourth quarter, followed by the first quarter. The timing of holidays and school vacations can impact our quarterly results. We cannot ensure that this will continue to be the case. In addition, for accounting purposes, the quarters of each fiscal year consist of 13 weeks, although we will have a 14-week quarter approximately once every six years. The 2014 fiscal fourth quarter had 14 weeks.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash requirements are primarily for the opening of new stores, installation and upgrades of information systems and working capital. Over the past several years, we have met these requirements through cash generated from operations. We have access to additional cash through a revolving line of credit that has been in place since 2000.
Operating Activities. Cash flows provided by operating activities were $16.0 million in fiscal 2016, $32.0 million in fiscal 2015 and $34.9 million in fiscal 2014. Cash flows from operating activities decreased in fiscal 2016 as compared to 2015 primarily due to decreased store contribution and the timing of inventory receipts and payments. Cash flows from operating activities decreased in fiscal 2015 as compared to 2014 primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments and the increase in receivables partially offset by increased store contribution.
Investing Activities. Cash flows used in investing activities were $26.7 million in fiscal 2016, $25.1 million in fiscal 2015 and $11.8 million in fiscal 2014. Cash used in investing activities in 2016 related primarily to the opening of 35 new locations, the remodeling or relocation of 24 stores, and the continued installation and upgrades of central office information technology systems, partially offset by the maturity of short-term investments. Cash used in investing activities in 2015 related primarily to the continued installation and upgrades of central office information technology systems, the opening of 25 new stores, the remodeling or relocation of eight stores and the net purchases of short-term investments. Cash used in investing activities in 2014 related primarily to the opening of five new traditional stores and eleven non-traditional stores, the continued installation and upgrades of central office information technology systems and the purchase of short-term investments.
Financing Activities. Financing activities used cash of $1.9 million, $26.4 million and $1.8 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In 2016, borrowings under our credit facility and subsequent repayments totaled $5.4 million. Purchases of our stock used cash of $1.5 million, $25.9 million and $3.4 million, in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In both fiscal 2016 and 2015, the exercises of employee stock options, net of shares used for withholding tax payments related to vesting of restricted stock used cash of $0.5 million. In fiscal 2014, the exercises of employee stock options, net of shares used for withholding tax payments related to vesting of restricted stock provided cash of $1.6 million.
Capital Resources. As of December 31, 2016, we had a cash balance of $32.5 million, less than half of which was domiciled outside of the United States. We also have a line of credit, which we can use to finance capital expenditures and working capital needs throughout the year. The bank line provides availability of up to $35 million. Borrowings under the credit agreement are secured by our assets and a pledge of 65% of our ownership interest in certain of our foreign subsidiaries. The credit agreement expires on December 31, 2017 and contains various restrictions on indebtedness, liens, guarantees, redemptions, mergers, acquisitions or sale of assets, loans, transactions with affiliates and investments. It also prohibits us from declaring dividends without the bank’s prior consent, unless such payment of dividends would not violate any terms of the credit agreement. We are also prohibited from repurchasing shares of our common stock unless such repurchase of shares would not violate any terms of the credit agreement; we may not use the proceeds of the line of credit to repurchase shares. Borrowings bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.8%. Financial covenants include maintaining a minimum tangible net worth, maintaining a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) and not exceeding a maximum funded debt to earnings before interest, depreciation and amortization ratio. In 2016, we exceeded the maximum lease payments for personal property of $100,000 permitted in the financial covenants, resulting in non-compliance. We have subsequently obtained a waiver of the personal property lease payments covenant for 2016. As of December 31, 2016: (i) we were in compliance with all remaining covenants; (ii) there were no borrowings under the line of credit; and (iii) there was $35.0 million available for borrowing under the line of credit.
Most of our retail stores are located within shopping malls and all are operated under leases classified as operating leases. Our leases in North America typically have a ten-year term and contain provisions for base rent plus percentage rent based on defined sales levels. Our leases typically require us to pay personal property taxes, our pro rata share of real property taxes of the shopping mall, our own utilities, repairs and maintenance in our store, a pro rata share of the malls’ common area maintenance and, in some instances, merchant association fees and media fund contributions. Many of the leases contain a provision whereby either we or the landlord may terminate the lease after a certain time, typically in the third or fourth year and sixth or seventh year of the lease, if a certain minimum sales volume is not achieved. Many leases contain incentives to help defray the cost of construction of a new store. Typically, a portion of the incentive must be repaid to the landlord if we choose to terminate the lease. In addition, some of these leases contain various restrictions relating to change in control of our company. Our leases also subject us to risks relating to compliance with changing mall rules and the exercise of discretion by our landlords on various matters, including rights of termination in some cases. Rents are charged monthly and paid in advance.
Our leases in the United Kingdom and Ireland typically have terms of ten to fifteen years and generally contain a provision whereby every fifth year the rental rate can be adjusted to reflect the current market rates. The leases typically provide the lessee with the first right for renewal at the end of the lease. We may also be required to make deposits and rent guarantees to secure new leases as we expand. Real estate taxes also change according to government time schedules to reflect current market rental rates for the locations we lease. Rents are charged quarterly and paid in advance.
In fiscal 2017, we expect to spend approximately $20 million to $25 million on capital expenditures. Capital spending in fiscal 2016 totaled $28.1 million, primarily to support the refresh and repositioning of stores in our Discovery format and investment in infrastructure.
In February 2015 and July 2015, the board of directors adopted repurchase programs, each authorizing the repurchase of $10 million of our common stock. In November 2015, the board adopted a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $15 million of our common stock until March 31, 2016. These programs authorized us to purchase an aggregate of $35 million of our common stock in the open market (including through 10b5-1 trading plans), through privately negotiated transactions, or through an accelerated repurchase transaction. The primary source of funding was cash on hand. The timing and amount of share repurchases depended on price, market conditions, applicable regulatory requirements, and other factors. Shares repurchased under these programs were subsequently retired. Under the programs approved in February 2015 and July 2015, we repurchased a total of approximately 1,224,000 shares at an average price of $16.32 per share for an aggregate amount of $20.0 million, and as a result, these programs had no further capacity. Under the program approved in November 2015, we repurchased a total of approximately 615,000 shares at an average price of $12.05 per share for an aggregate amount of $7.4 million. This program expired on March 31, 2016.
We believe that cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit agreement will be sufficient to fund our working capital and other cash flow requirements for the near future. Our credit agreement expires on December 31, 2017.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Our contractual obligations and commercial commitments include future minimum obligations under operating leases and purchase obligations. Our purchase obligations primarily consist of purchase orders for merchandise inventory. The future minimum payments for these obligations as of December 31, 2016 for periods subsequent to this date are as follows:
Our total liability for uncertain tax positions under the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740-10-25 was $1.0 million as of December 31, 2016. Management estimates it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by as much as $0.9 million in the next twelve months as a result of the resolution of audits currently in progress involving issues common to multinational corporations and the lapsing of the statute of limitations. See Note 7 - Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material adverse impact on our business or operating results during the periods presented. We cannot assure you, however, that our business will not be affected by inflation in the future.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the appropriate application of certain accounting policies, which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our financial statements and related notes. Since future events and their impact cannot be determined with certainty, the actual results will inevitably differ from our estimates. Such differences could be material to the financial statements.
We believe application of accounting policies, and the estimates inherently required therein, are reasonable. These accounting policies and estimates are periodically reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.
Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have identified the following critical accounting estimates:
Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with ASC 360-10-35 we assess the potential impairment of long-lived assets annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset, or asset group, to expected future net cash flows generated by the asset, or asset group. If the carrying amount exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the carrying amount is compared to its fair value and an impairment charge is recognized to the extent of the difference. Fair value is calculated as the present value of estimated future cash flows for each asset group. The calculation of fair value could increase or decrease depending on changes in the inputs and assumptions used, such as changes in the financial performance of the asset group, future growth rate and discount rate.
For purposes of evaluating store assets for impairment, we have determined that each store location is an asset group. Factors that we consider important which could individually or in combination trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results; (2) significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; and (3) significant changes in our business strategies and/or negative industry or economic trends. We assess events and changes in circumstances or strategy that could potentially indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable as they occur. Due to the significance of the fourth quarter to individual store locations, we assess store performance annually, using the full year’s results. We consider a historical and/or projected negative cash flow trend for a store location to be an indicator that the carrying value of that asset group may not be recoverable. Impairment charges related to this assessment are included in cost of merchandise sold - retail as a component of net income before income taxes in the DTC segment.
As a result of our 2016 review, we determined that 13 stores would not be able to recover the carrying value of certain store assets through expected undiscounted cash flows over the remaining life of the related assets. Accordingly, we reduced the carrying value of the assets to fair value, calculated as the present value of estimated future cash flows for each asset group and recorded asset impairment charges of $2.3 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, which is included in cost of merchandise sold - retail. The calculation of fair value could increase or decrease depending on changes in the inputs and assumptions used, such as changes in the financial performance of the asset group, future growth rate and discount rate. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the fair value assumptions on store asset impairment, we applied a hypothetical decrease of 1% in the comparable stores sales trend and in margin. Based on the analysis performed as of December 31, 2016, the changes in our assumptions would not have resulted in a material difference in the calculated impairment charge. Impairment charges related to this assessment were immaterial in 2015 and 2014.
Additionally, we consider a more likely than not assessment that an individual location will close prior to the end of its lease term as a triggering event to review the store asset group for recoverability. These assessments are reviewed on a quarterly basis. When indicated, the carrying value of the assets is reduced to fair value, calculated as the estimated future cash flows for each asset group. Asset impairment charges resulting from these assessments totaled $0.4 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses as a component of income before income taxes in the DTC segment.
In the event that we decide to close any or all of these stores in the future, we may be required to record additional impairments, lease termination fees, severance and other charges. Impairment losses in the future are dependent on a number of factors such as site selection and general economic trends, and thus could be significantly different than historical results. The assumptions used in future calculations of fair value may change significantly which could result in further impairment charges in future periods.
Revenue Recognition
While revenue recognition for the Company does not involve significant judgment, it represents an important accounting policy. Revenues from retail sales, net of discounts and excluding sales tax, are recognized at the time of sale. Merchandise returns have not been significant. For e-commerce sales, revenue is recognized at the time of shipment. We sell gift cards to our customers in our retail stores, through our e-commerce sites, and through select third parties. We do not charge administrative fees on unused gift cards. Our gift cards issued in the United States do not have an expiration date. Beginning in 2016, gift cards issued in the United Kingdom expire 24 months from the activation date. A current liability is recorded upon purchase of a gift card, and revenue is recognized when the gift card is redeemed for merchandise. Revenue from various licensing and international franchising arrangements is recognized when earned in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreement, generally based upon the greater of the contractually earned or guaranteed minimum levels.
In 2015, we established a new legal entity, Build-A-Bear Card Services LLC (“Card Services”), to issue and administer all gift cards in the United States. The escheatment requirements of the jurisdiction where Card Services was established differ from those that the Company has historically been subject to. Given the change in legal requirements, we evaluated our accounting treatment of unredeemed gift cards and determined that the change in our legal obligations indicated that a change in our accounting treatment was necessary. Accordingly, in December 2015 when Card Services began issuing gift cards, we began to recognize breakage income on unredeemed gift cards using the redemption recognition method. Revenue is recognized in net retail sales when the likelihood of the gift card being redeemed is considered remote, based on historical redemption patterns. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, our estimate of breakage resulted in a $0.5 million increase in net retail sales. In 2016, our estimate of breakage resulted in a $4.5 million increase in net retail sales. In the fourth quarter of 2016, we reviewed our historical redemption patterns and breakage rates and determined that they were not materially different from the rates that we had calculated in the prior year. Accordingly, we made no changes to these rates in 2016. We have no reason to believe that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to measure gift card breakage. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. A 100 basis point change in our gift card breakage rate as of December 31, 2016 would have resulted in a $0.3 million change in the gift card liability and net retail sales. Prior to the establishment of Card Services, the Company recorded income from unredeemed gift cards in a manner consistent with the delayed recognition method.
We have a customer loyalty program, Build-A-Bear Rewards, whereby guests enroll in the program and receive one point for every dollar spent. Points accumulate and expire after twelve months of inactivity. In North America, guests receive a coupon for free merchandise after reaching their first 50 points and a $10 reward certificate for every 100 points earned in a twelve month period. In the UK, guests receive a £5 certificate for every 50 points they earn. An estimate of the obligation related to the program, based on historical redemption patterns, is recorded as deferred revenue and a reduction of net retail sales.
We assess the adequacy of the deferred revenue liability based upon our review of point conversion and award redemption patterns at the end of each fiscal quarter. Due to the estimates involved in these assessments, adjustments to the historical rates are generally made no more often than annually in order to allow time for more definite trends to emerge. Based on this assessment at the end of fiscal 2016, we noted a change in conversion patterns that resulted in a change in the rates used in our calculation of the liability. Due to an offsetting change in outstanding points and certificates as of the end of 2016, no adjustment to the liability was necessary. Based on this assessment at the end of fiscal 2015 and 2014, the deferred revenue liability was adjusted downward by $0.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, with a corresponding increase to net retail sales.
The calculation of fair value could increase or decrease depending on changes in the inputs and assumptions used, specifically, expected conversion and redemption rates. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the estimates used in the recognition of deferred revenue, we applied a hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in the conversion and redemption rates. Based on the analysis performed as of December 31, 2016, the changes in our assumptions would have resulted in a $0.1 million change in the deferred revenue liability and net retail sales.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets resulting from tax credit carryforwards and deductible temporary differences between taxable income on our income tax returns and income before taxes under GAAP. Deferred tax assets generally represent future tax benefits to be received when these carryforwards can be applied against future taxable income or when expenses previously reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements become deductible for income tax purposes. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is required when some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. We consider the weight of all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets by each taxing jurisdiction. We consider the Company’s ability to carry back its tax losses or credits for refunds, the availability of tax planning strategies and reversals of existing taxable temporary differences as well as projections of future taxable income. We have deferred tax assets in the U.S. and the United Kingdom on which we have not recorded a valuation allowance. The realization of these deferred tax assets is dependent upon the recognition of future jurisdictional income. After weighing all the evidence, management determined that it was more likely than not that the Company would be able to realize all of its domestic deferred tax assets and, therefore, the valuation allowance was no longer required. Management's decision was based upon evidence including its earnings performance trend, expected continued profitability, and improvement in the Company's financial condition.
Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions. We establish accruals for uncertain tax positions when we believe that the full amount of the associated tax benefit may not be realized. In the future, if we prevail in matters for which accruals have been established previously or pay amounts in excess of reserves, there could be an effect on our income tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made. Tax authorities regularly examine the company’s returns in the jurisdictions in which the Company does business. Management regularly assesses the tax risk of the company’s return filing positions and believes its accruals for uncertain tax benefits are adequate as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our market risks relate primarily to changes in interest rates, and we bear this risk in two specific ways. First, our revolving credit facility carries a variable interest rate that is tied to market indices and, therefore, our results of operations and our cash flows can be impacted by changes in interest rates. Outstanding balances under our credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.8%. Our borrowings during fiscal 2016 were limited to a short period during the middle of the fourth quarter. Accordingly, a 100 basis point change in interest rates would result in no material change to our annual interest expense. The second component of interest rate risk involves the investment of excess cash in short term, investment grade interest-bearing securities. If there are changes in interest rates, those changes would affect the investment income we earn on these investments and, therefore, impact our cash flows and results of operations. We had no such investments as of December 31, 2016.
We conduct operations in various countries, which expose us to changes in foreign exchange rates. The financial results of our foreign subsidiaries and franchisees may be materially impacted by exposure to fluctuating exchange rates. Reported sales, costs and expenses at our foreign subsidiaries, when translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes, can fluctuate due to exchange rate movement. While exchange rate fluctuations can have a material impact on reported revenues, costs and expenses, and earnings, this impact is principally the result of the translation effect and does not materially impact our short-term cash flows.
Although we enter into a significant amount of purchase obligations outside of the U.S., these obligations are settled primarily in U.S. dollars and, therefore, we believe we have only minimal exposure at present to foreign currency exchange risks for our purchase obligations. However, because our foreign subsidiaries also purchase their inventory in U.S. dollars, we are exposed to some risk when their functional currencies fluctuate relative to the U.S dollar. We estimate that the significant movement in the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar in 2016 had a negative impact on our revenues and pre-tax income of approximately $9.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively, as compared to the prior year. This is separate from the transactional impact of the change in rates that is a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Historically, we have not hedged our currency risk.
We do not engage in financial transactions for trading or speculative purposes.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and schedules are listed under Item 15(a) and filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our certifying officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the foregoing evaluation, our management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2016, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.
It should be noted that our management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. All internal control systems have inherent limitations, including the possibility of circumvention and overriding the control. Accordingly, even effective internal control can provide only reasonable assurance as to the reliability of financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.
In making its evaluation, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based upon this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 is effective.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as stated in its report which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc.
We have audited Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries (collectively, the Company’s) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries, maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31 , 2016, and our report dated March 16, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
March 16, 2017
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information concerning directors, appearing in the sections titled “Directors,” “The Board of Directors and its Committees,” “Committee Charters, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Business Conduct Policy and Code of Ethics” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the SEC in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on May 11, 2017 is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 10.
Business Conduct Policy
The Board of Directors has adopted a Business Conduct Policy applicable to our directors, officers and employees, including all executive officers. The Business Conduct Policy has been posted in the Investor Relations section of our corporate website at http://ir.buildabear.com. We intend to satisfy the amendment and waiver disclosure requirements under applicable securities regulations by posting any amendments of, or waivers to, the Business Conduct Policy on our website.
The information appearing in the sections titled “Committee Charters, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Business Conduct Policy and Code of Ethics” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 10.
Executive Officers and Key Employees
Sharon Price John, 53, was appointed to the Board of Directors on June 3, 2013, in connection with her employment as Chief Executive Officer and Chief President Bear of the Company. Effective March 2016, she now holds the title of President and Chief Executive Officer. From January 2010 through May 2013, Ms. John served as President of Stride Rite Children’s Group LLC, a division of Wolverine World Wide, Inc., which designs and markets footwear for children. From 2002 through 2009, she held positions of broadened portfolio and increased responsibility at Hasbro, Inc., a multinational toy and board game company, including as General Manager & Senior Vice President of its U.S. Toy Division from 2006 to 2008 and General Manager & Senior Vice President of its Global Preschool unit from June 2008 through 2009. Ms. John also founded and served as Chief Executive Officer of Checkerboard Toys, served as Vice President, U.S. Toy Division with VTech Industries, Inc., and served in a range of roles at Mattel, Inc. She started her career in advertising, overseeing accounts such as Hershey’s and the Snickers/M&M Mars business. Ms. John serves on the Board of Directors of Jack in the Box Inc., a publicly traded restaurant company.
Eric Fencl, 54, joined Build-A-Bear Workshop in July 2008 as Chief Bearrister-General Counsel. Effective October 2015, he now holds the title of Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Fencl was Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary for Outsourcing Solutions Inc., a national accounts receivable management firm from August 1998 to June 2008. From September 1990 to August 1998, he held legal positions at Monsanto Company, McDonnell Douglas Corporation and Bryan Cave LLP. Mr. Fencl began his career as an auditor with Arthur Young & Company.
J. Christopher Hurt, 50, joined Build-A-Bear Workshop in April 2015 as Chief Operations Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Hurt was at American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. from 2002 to April 2015 in various senior leadership roles of increasing responsibility, including Senior Vice President, North America and Vice President/General Manager-Factory, Canada, Mexico Retail from 2011 to April 2015, and East Zone Vice President and Regional Director from 2002 to 2011. Before joining American Eagle Outfitters, Mr. Hurt held positions of increasing responsibility at companies including Polo Ralph Lauren and The Procter & Gamble Company.
Jennifer Kretchmar, 43, joined Build-A-Bear Workshop in August 2014 as Chief Product Officer and Innovation Bear. Effective March 2016, she now holds the title of Chief Merchandising Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Kretchmar was Senior Vice President of Product and Brand Management with the Stride Rite Children’s Group of Wolverine World Wide, Inc. where since 2004 she was responsible for the global product creation strategy for a diverse portfolio of children’s footwear brands, including Stride Rite, Sperry Top- Sider®, Saucony®, Keds®, Merrell®, Robeez®, Jessica Simpson® and Hush Puppies®. Before joining Stride Rite, Ms. Kretchmar held positions of increasing responsibility at The Timberland Company, Goldbug, and the United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Service.
Voin Todorovic, 42, joined Build-A-Bear Workshop in September 2014 as Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Todorovic was employed at Wolverine World Wide, Inc., a leading global footwear and apparel company, where since September 2013 he served as the head of finance and operations for its Lifestyle Group, which includes a portfolio of iconic brands such as Sperry Top-Sider®, Hush Puppies®, Keds®, and Stride Rite®. From 2011 to 2013 he was Vice President-Finance and Administration of the Stride Rite Children’s Group business, operating in wholesale, direct to consumer and international franchising, and from 2010 to 2011 he was Vice President of the Performance + Lifestyle Group. Prior to his tenure at Wolverine World Wide he held positions of increasing responsibility at Collective Brands, Inc. and Payless ShoeSource.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information contained in the sections titled “Executive Compensation” and “Board of Directors Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference in response to this Item 11.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information contained in the section titled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference in response to this Item 12.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information contained in the section titled “Related Party Transactions” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference in response to this Item 13.
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information contained in the sections titled “Principal Accountant Fees” and “Policy Regarding Pre-Approval of Services Provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference in response to Item 14.
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements
The financial statements and schedules set forth below are filed on the indicated pages as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated March 16, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
March 16, 2017
BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Dollars in thousands)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1)
Description of Business and Basis of Preparation
Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and Subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) is a specialty retailer of plush animals and related products. The Company began operations in October 1997. The Company sells its products through its 346 company-owned stores operated primarily in leased mall locations in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and China along with its e-commerce sites. Operations in foreign countries where the Company does not have company-owned stores are through franchise agreements.
(2)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows:
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts are eliminated in consolidation.
Fiscal Year
The Company operates on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. The periods presented in these financial statements are fiscal 2016 (52 weeks ended December 31, 2016), fiscal 2015 (52 weeks ended January 2, 2016) and fiscal 2014 (53 weeks ended January 3, 2015). References to years in these financial statements relate to fiscal years or year ends rather than calendar years.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less held in both domestic and foreign financial institutions.
The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents exceed federal deposit insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on an average-cost basis. Inventory includes supplies of $3.1 million and $2.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively. A reserve for estimated shortage is accrued throughout the year based on detailed historical averages.
Receivables
Receivables consist primarily of amounts due to the Company in relation to tenant allowances, wholesale and corporate product sales, franchisee royalties and product sales, certain amounts due from taxing authorities and licensing revenue. The Company assesses the collectability of all receivables on an ongoing basis by considering its historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. Based on this analysis, the Company has established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $3.6 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, computer equipment and software, building and land and are stated at cost. Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the life of the lease which is generally ten years. Furniture and fixtures and computer equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated service lives ranging from three to seven years. Computer software includes certain costs, including internal payroll costs incurred in connection with the development or acquisition of software for internal use and is amortized using the straight-line method over a period of three to five years. New store construction deposits are recorded at the time the deposit is made as construction-in-progress and reclassified to the appropriate property and equipment category at the time of completion of construction, when operations of the store commence. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and improvements are capitalized. Gains or losses on the disposition of fixed assets are recorded upon disposal.
Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets consist primarily of initial costs related to trademarks and other intellectual property. Trademarks and other intellectual property represent third-party costs that are capitalized and amortized over their estimated lives ranging from one to three years using the straight-line method.
Other Assets
Other assets consist primarily of the non-current portion of prepaid income taxes, deferred leasing fees and deferred costs related to franchise agreements. The prepaid income taxes will amortize through income tax expense over the life of the related asset. Deferred leasing fees are initial, direct costs related to the Company’s operating leases and are amortized over the term of the related leases. Deferred franchise costs are initial costs related to the Company’s franchise agreements that are deferred and amortized over the life of the respective franchise agreement. Amortization expense related to other assets was $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Long-lived Assets
Whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, the carrying value is reviewed. If this review indicates that the carrying value of the asset will not be recovered, as determined based on projected undiscounted cash flows related to the asset over its remaining life, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value. The Company performs an annual assessment of the store assets in the direct-to-consumer (DTC) segment, based on operating performance and forecasts of future performance. Total impairment charges were $2.7 million, $0.3 million and $1.1 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. See Note 4 - Property and Equipment for further discussion regarding the impairment of long-lived assets.
The calculation of fair value requires multiple assumptions regarding our future operations to determine future cash flows, including but not limited to, sales volume, margin rates and discount rates. If different assumptions were used in the analysis, it is possible that the amount of the impairment charge may have been significantly different than what was recorded.
Deferred Rent
Certain of the Company’s operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of minimum rentals during the original lease terms. For these leases, the Company recognizes the related rental expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease and records the difference between the amounts charged to operations and amounts paid as deferred rent. The Company also receives certain lease incentives in conjunction with entering into operating leases. These lease incentives are recorded as deferred rent at the beginning of the lease term and recognized as a reduction of rent expense over the lease term. In addition, certain of the Company’s leases contain future contingent increases in rentals. Such increases in rental expense are recorded in the period that it is probable that store sales will meet or exceed the specified target that triggers contingent rental expense.
Franchises
The Company defers initial, one-time nonrefundable franchise fees and amortizes them over the initial term of the respective franchise agreements, which extend for periods up to 25 years. The Company’s obligations under the contract are ongoing and include operations and product development support and training, generally concentrated around new store openings. Continuing franchise fees are recognized as revenue as the fees are earned.
Retail Revenue Recognition
Net retail sales are net of discounts, exclude sales tax, and are recognized at the time of sale. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in net retail sales.
Revenues from the sale of gift cards are recognized at the time of redemption. Unredeemed gift cards are included in gift cards and customer deposits on the consolidated balance sheets. For gift cards issued prior to the establishment of Build-A-Bear Card Services LLC in December 2015, the Company recorded income from unredeemed gift cards in a manner consistent with the delayed recognition method. Beginning in December 2015, for gift cards issued through Build-A-Bear Card Services, gift card breakage revenue is recorded as a component of net retail sales based on historical redemption patterns and represents the balance of gift cards for which the likelihood of redemption by a customer is considered remote using the redemption recognition method. The amount of revenue from gift card breakage was $4.5 million and $0.5 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The Company has a customer loyalty program, Build-A-Bear Rewards, whereby guests enroll in the program and receive points based on the value of the transaction and receive awards for various discounts on future purchases after achieving defined point thresholds. Historical patterns for points converting into awards and ultimate award redemption are applied to actual points and awards outstanding at the respective balance sheet date to calculate the liability and corresponding adjustment to net retail sales. In 2014, the Company changed the program to eliminate certain discounts and reduced its liability by $0.5 million with a corresponding increase to net retail sales and a $0.4 million increase to net income.
Management reviews these patterns and assesses the adequacy of the deferred revenue liability at the end of each fiscal quarter. Due to the estimates involved in these assessments, adjustments to the historical rates are generally made no more often than annually in order to allow time for more definite trends to emerge. Based on the assessment at the end of 2016, the deferred revenue liability was not adjusted. In 2015 and 2014, the deferred revenue liability was adjusted downward by $0.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, with corresponding increases to net retail sales; net income was increased by $0.1 million and $1.2 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Cost of Merchandise Sold
Cost of merchandise sold - retail includes the cost of the merchandise, including royalties paid to licensors of third party branded merchandise; store occupancy cost, including store depreciation and store asset impairment charges; cost of warehousing and distribution; packaging; stuffing; damages and shortages; and shipping and handling costs incurred in shipment to customers. Cost of merchandise sold - commercial includes the cost of the merchandise, including royalties paid to licensors of third party branded merchandise; cost of warehousing and distribution; packaging; stuffing; damages and shortages; and shipping and handling costs incurred in shipment to customers.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses include store payroll and related benefits, advertising, credit card fees, store supplies and store closing costs, as well as central office management payroll and related benefits, travel, information systems, accounting, insurance, legal, and public relations. It also includes depreciation and amortization of central office leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, as well as amortization of trademarks and intellectual property.
Store Preopening Expenses
Store preopening expenses include costs incurred prior to store openings, remodels and relocations including certain store set-up, labor and hiring costs, rental charges, payroll, marketing, travel and relocation costs. They are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Advertising
The costs of advertising and marketing programs are charged to operations in the first period the program takes place. Advertising expense was $20.7 million, $25.3 million and $25.8 million for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using a balance sheet approach known as the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method accounts for deferred income taxes by applying the statutory tax rates in effect at the date of the consolidated balance sheets to differences between the book basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are reported on a jurisdictional basis.
Tax positions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted as new information becomes available. The recoverability of deferred tax assets is evaluated by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These estimates of future taxable income inherently require significant judgment. To the extent it is considered more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be not recovered, a valuation allowance is established.
The Company accounts for its total liability for uncertain tax positions according to the provisions of ASC 740-10-25. The Company recognizes estimated interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. See Note 7-Income Taxes for further discussion.
Income Per Share
Under the two-class method, basic income per share is determined by dividing net income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. In periods of net loss, no effect is given to the Company’s participating securities as they do not contractually participate in the losses of the Company. Diluted income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options to issue common stock were exercised. In periods in which the inclusion of such instruments is anti-dilutive, the effect of such securities is not given consideration.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has share-based compensation plans covering the majority of its management groups and its Board of Directors. The Company accounts for share-based payments utilizing the fair value recognition provisions of ASC 718. The Company recognizes compensation cost for equity awards over the requisite service period for the entire award. See Note 11 - Stock Incentive Plans. For fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, selling, general and administrative expense includes $3.0 million, $2.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company maintains a Deferred Compensation Plan for the benefit of certain management employees. The investment funds offered to the participant generally correspond to the funds offered in the Company’s 401(k) plan, and the account balance fluctuates with the investment returns on those funds. The fair value of the assets, classified as trading securities, and corresponding liabilities are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for the funds in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency (Level 1). As of December 31, 2016, the current portions of the assets and related liabilities of $0.1 million are presented in prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and the non-current portions of the assets and the related liabilities of $0.7 million are presented in other assets, net and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of January 2, 2016, the assets and related liabilities of the Deferred Compensation Plan of $0.6 million are all non-current and are presented in other assets, net and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For purposes of financial reporting, management has determined that the fair value of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, short term investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximates book value at December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The assumptions used by management in future estimates could change significantly due to changes in circumstances, including, but not limited to, challenging economic conditions. Accordingly, future estimates may change significantly. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the calculation of revenue from gift card breakage, valuation of long-lived assets, including deferred income tax assets, and the determination of deferred revenue under the Company’s customer loyalty program.
Sales Tax Policy
The Company’s revenues in the consolidated statement of operations are net of sales taxes.
Foreign Currency
Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. Translation adjustments are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions, including the impact of the re-measurement of the Company’s balance sheet, are recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Losses in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $0.3 million, $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted in the current year
Effective December 31, 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern that requires the Company to evaluate, at each annual and interim period, whether substantial doubt exists about its ability to continue as a going concern, and if applicable, to provide related disclosures. The new guidance was effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations or on our disclosures in the current period.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Pending adoption
In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). The standard is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification in the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. The Company adopted the ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017. The Company made an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. The impact of this election along with the adoption of the other provisions of the standard was to increase deferred tax assets by $1.6 million, increase additional paid-in-capital by $0.3 million, increase retained earnings by $1.9 million and decrease taxes payable by $0.6 million.
In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (ASU 2016-16). The standard is intended to address diversity in practice and complexity in financial reporting, particularly for intra-entity transfers of intellectual property. The Company early adopted ASU 2016-16 effective January 1, 2017. Using the modified retrospective method, the impact of the adoption of the standard was to increase deferred tax assets by $1.0 million, decrease other assets, net by $2.3 million and decrease retained earnings by $1.3 million.
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The core principle of the ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2018, and allows for both retrospective and modified retrospective methods of adoption. Early adoption beginning fiscal 2017 is permitted. In 2016, the Company established a cross-functional team to use a bottom-up approach to assess the impact of the new standard. The team is in the process of reviewing current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the provisions of the new standard to our existing revenue contracts. To date, the review has focused on net retail sales which represented over 98% of total revenues in 2016. While the team continues to assess all potential impacts of the new standard, the Company expects the most significant impact to result from changes to the accounting for deferred revenue, specifically related to gift cards and the Company’s loyalty program. Currently, the Company expects to adopt ASU 2014-09 effective the first day of fiscal 2018 using the modified retrospective method.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02), which will replace most existing lease accounting guidance in U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the ASU is that an entity should recognize the rights and obligations resulting from leases as assets and liabilities. ASU 2016-02 requires qualitative and specific quantitative disclosures to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2019, and requires the modified retrospective method of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of determining the method and timing of adoption and assessing the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.
(3) Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
(4)
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):
For 2016, 2015 and 2014, depreciation expense was $15.2 million, $15.8 million and $17.6 million, respectively.
During 2016, the Company reviewed the operating performance and forecasts of future performance for the stores in its DTC segment. As a result of that review, it was determined that several stores would not be able to recover the carrying value of certain store assets through expected undiscounted cash flows over the remaining life of the related assets. Accordingly, the carrying value of the assets was reduced to fair value, calculated as the net present value of estimated future cash flows for each asset group, and any remaining net book value is depreciated over the remaining life of the asset. Asset impairment charges of $2.3 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, which are included in cost of merchandise sold - retail as a component of income before income taxes in the DTC segment. Similar impairment charges were immaterial in 2015 and 2014. The inputs used to determine the fair value of the assets are Level 3 fair value inputs as defined by ASC 820-10. In the event that we decide to close any or all of these stores in the future, we may be required to record additional impairment, lease termination charges, severance charges and other charges.
In 2015, the Company began on ongoing project to update its store locations. The Company currently expects to update stores primarily in conjunction with natural lease events including new store openings, relocations and lease required remodels. The Company considers a more likely than not assessment that an individual location will close or be remodeled prior to the end of its original lease term as a triggering event to review the store asset group for recoverability. As a result of these reviews, it was determined that certain stores would not be able to recover the carrying value of store assets through expected undiscounted cash flows over the shortened remaining life of the related assets. Accordingly, the carrying value of the assets was reduced to fair value, calculated as the net present value of estimated future cash flows for each asset group, and any remaining net book value is depreciated over the shortened expected life. Asset impairment charges of $0.4 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million were recorded in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses as a component of income before income taxes in the DTC segment. The inputs used to determine the fair value of the assets are Level 3 fair value inputs as defined by ASC 820-10.
(5)
Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
Trademarks and intellectual property are amortized over three years. Amortization expense related to trademarks and intellectual property was $0.9 million, $0.5 million and $0.3 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Estimated amortization expense related to other intangible assets in the subsequent five year period is: 2017 - $0.9 million; 2018 - $0.7 million; 2019 - $0.1 million; 2020 - $0; and 2021 - $0.
(6)
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
(7)
Income Taxes
The Company’s income before income taxes from domestic and foreign operations (which include the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Denmark and China), are as follows (in thousands):
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows (in thousands):
A reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective income tax rate is as follows (in thousands):
In fiscal 2016, the Company established a full valuation allowance of $0.6 million on its deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions due to cumulative losses and uncertainty about future earnings forecast. In fiscal 2011, the Company had established a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets in the United States due to significant losses and uncertainty about future earnings forecast. As of January 2, 2016, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $9.4 million primarily due to the reduction in the valuation allowances in the U.S. The valuation allowance in the U.S. was reduced because the weight of evidence regarding the future realizability of the deferred tax assets had become predominately positive and realization of the deferred tax assets was more likely than not. The positive evidence considered in our assessment of the realizability of the deferred tax assets included the generation of significant positive cumulative income in the U.S., the implementation of tax planning strategies, and projections of future taxable income. Based on its earnings performance trend, expected continued profitability and improvements in the Company’s financial condition; management determined it was more likely than not that all of our U.S. deferred tax assets would be realized. The negative evidence considered included historical losses in certain prior years; however, the positive evidence outweighed this negative evidence. In fiscal 2014, the Company released approximately $4.4 million of U.S. related valuation allowance, consistent with the level of income generated. Additionally, in fiscal 2014, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1.1 million due to the full release of the valuation allowances in foreign jurisdictions, primarily the UK and Canada.
Temporary differences that gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
Income taxes and remittance taxes have not been recorded on approximately $6.3 million of undistributed earnings of foreign operations of the Company, because the Company intends to reinvest those earnings indefinitely. It is not practicable to estimate the income tax liability that might be incurred if such earnings were remitted to the U.S.
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had total unrecognized tax benefits of $1.0 million, of which approximately $0.4 million would favorably impact the Company’s provision for income taxes if recognized. As of January 2, 2016, the Company had total unrecognized tax benefits of $0.7 million, of which approximately $0.2 million would favorably impact the Company’s provision for income taxes if recognized. The Company reviews its uncertain tax positions periodically and accrues interest and penalties accordingly. Accrued interest and penalties included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were $0.1 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2016, and January 2, 2016, respectively. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes within the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized a benefit of $0.3 million for interest and penalties. For the year ended January 2, 2016, the Company recognized expense of $0.1 million for interest and penalties.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
Management estimates it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by as much as $0.9 million in the next twelve months as a result of the resolution of audits currently in progress involving issues common to multinational corporations and the lapsing of the statute of limitations.
The following tax years remain open in the Company’s major taxing jurisdictions as of December 31, 2016:
(8)
Line of Credit
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had a bank line of credit that provides borrowing capacity of $35 million. Borrowings under the credit agreement are secured by our assets and a pledge of 65% of the Company’s ownership interest in certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The credit agreement expires on December 31, 2017 and contains various restrictions on indebtedness, liens, guarantees, redemptions, mergers, acquisitions or sale of assets, loans, transactions with affiliates, and investments. It prohibits the Company from declaring dividends without the bank’s prior consent, unless such payment of dividends would not violate any terms of the credit agreement. The Company is also prohibited from repurchasing shares of its common stock unless such purchase would not violate any terms of the credit agreement; the Company may not use proceeds of the line of credit to repurchase shares. Borrowings bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.8%. Financial covenants include maintaining a minimum tangible net worth, maintaining a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) and not exceeding a maximum funded debt to earnings before interest, depreciation and amortization ratio. In 2016, the Company exceeded the maximum lease payments for personal property of $100,000 permitted under the financial covenants, resulting in non-compliance. The Company has subsequently obtained a waiver of the personal property lease payments covenant for 2016. As of December 31, 2016: (i) the Company was in compliance with all remaining covenants; (ii) there were no borrowings under the line of credit; and (iii) there was $35.0 million available for borrowing under the line of credit.
(9)
Commitments and Contingencies
(a)
Operating Leases
The Company leases its retail stores and corporate offices under agreements which expire at various dates through 2030. The majority of leases contain provisions for base rent plus contingent payments based on defined sales as well as scheduled escalations. Total office and retail store base rent expense was $44.5 million, $45.3 million and $46.7 million, and contingent rents were $1.1 million, $1.2 million and $1.8 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2016, were as follows (in thousands):
(b)
Litigation
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to certain claims or lawsuits. Except as noted below, management is not aware of any claims or lawsuits that may have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to regular examination by various taxing authorities for years not closed by the statute of limitation periods. If one or more of these examinations has an unfavorable resolution, it is possible that the results of operations, liquidity or financial position of the Company could be materially affected in any particular period. The Company accrues a liability for loss contingencies when it believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that it can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. Gain contingencies are recorded when the underlying uncertainty has been settled. Assessments made by the United Kingdom customs authority in 2012 have been appealed by the Company, which has paid the disputed duty, strictly under protest, pending the outcome of the continuing dispute, and this is included in receivables in the DTC segment. The United Kingdom customs authority is contesting the Company's appeal. In the 2015 fourth quarter, the Company further evaluated its position and, based on the facts of the dispute available at the time, recorded an allowance against the related receivable in accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP. In 2016, the Company collected a portion of the receivable and in the 2016 fourth quarter reevaluated the collectability of the receivable based on current facts available. As a result of this analysis, the Company recorded an additional allowance against the receivable as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the DTC segment. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had a gross receivable balance of $3.0 million and a reserve of $2.4 million, leaving a net receivable of $0.6 million. However, the Company continues to vigorously dispute the customs audit findings and believes that the outcome of this dispute will not have a material adverse impact on the results of operations, liquidity or financial position of the Company.
(10)
Net Income Per Share
The Company uses the two-class method to compute basic and diluted earnings per common share. In periods of net loss, no effect is given to the Company’s participating securities as they do not contractually participate in the losses of the Company. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):
In calculating diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, options to purchase 264,717; 65,040; and 44,144; respectively, shares of common stock were outstanding at the end of the period, but were not included in the computation of diluted income per share due to their anti-dilutive effect under provisions of ASC 260-10.
(11)
Stock Incentive Plans
In 2003, the Company adopted the Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2002 Plan). In 2004, the Company adopted the Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan) which the Company amended and restated in 2009 and 2014 (collectively, the Plans).
Under the Plans, as amended and approved by the Company’s stockholders in 2014, up to 1,475,000 shares of common stock, in addition to shares of stock subject to awards outstanding under the 2002 Plan and the 2004 Plan that may lapse, terminate, be forfeited or otherwise expire were reserved and may be granted to employees and nonemployees of the Company. The Plans allow for the grant of awards including incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock-based and cash-based awards. Options granted under the Plans expire no later than 10 years from the date of the grant. The exercise price of all options, including each incentive stock option, shall not be less than 100% of the fair value of the stock subject to the option on the date the option is granted. The vesting provision of individual awards is at the discretion of the Compensation and Development Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and generally ranges from one to four years.
(a)
Stock Options
The following table is a summary of the balance and activity for the Plans related to stock options for the periods presented:
The expense recorded related to options granted during fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 and 110, which allow the use of a simplified method to estimate the expected term of “plain vanilla” options. The assumptions used in the option pricing model during fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were:
The total grant date fair value of options exercised in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $0.1 million, $0.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $0.2 million, $2.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The Company generally issues new shares to satisfy option exercises.
Shares available for future option, non-vested stock and restricted stock grants were 545,799 and 1,271,884 at the end of 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(b)
Restricted Stock
Recipients of time-based restricted stock awards have the right to vote and receive dividends as to all unvested shares. The following table is a summary of the balance and activity for the Plans related to unvested time-based restricted stock granted as compensation to employees and directors for the periods presented:
In 2016, the Company awarded performance-based restricted stock subject to the achievement of pre-established pre-tax income objectives for fiscal 2016. These shares of performance-based restricted stock had a payout opportunity ranging from 50% to 200% of the target number of shares. The target number of shares awarded was 15,366 with a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.57 per share. Based on the Company’s pre-tax income results for fiscal 2016, none of these shares were earned. Additionally, the Company awarded three-year performance-based restricted stock subject to the achievement of pre-established cumulative total revenue goals for fiscal 2016, 2017 and 2018. These shares of three-year performance-based restricted stock also had a payout opportunity ranging from 50% to 200% of the target number of shares. The target number of shares awarded was 161,245 with a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.69 per share. The Company is currently unable to estimate the number of these shares expected to be earned.
In 2015, the Company awarded performance-based restricted stock subject to the achievement of pre-established pre-tax income objectives for fiscal 2015. These shares of performance-based restricted stock had a payout opportunity ranging from 50% to 200% of the target number of shares. The target number of shares awarded was 36,222 with a weighted average grant date fair value of $20.58 per share. Based on the Company’s pre-tax income results for fiscal 2015, the number of shares earned was 22,458. Additionally, the Company awarded three-year performance-based restricted stock subject to the achievement of pre-established cumulative pre-tax income goals for fiscal 2015, 2016 and 2017. These shares of three-year performance-based restricted stock also had a payout opportunity ranging from 50% to 200% of the target number of shares. The target number of shares awarded was 50,000 with a weighted average grant date fair value of $20.80 per share. The Company is currently unable to estimate the number of these shares expected to be earned.
The vesting date fair value of shares that vested in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.9 million, $4.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The aggregate unearned compensation expense related to options and restricted stock was $4.4 million as of December 31, 2016 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years.
(12)
Stockholders’ Equity
The following table summarizes the changes in outstanding shares of common stock for fiscal 2014, 2015 and 2016:
(13)
Related-Party Transactions
The Company bought fixtures for new stores and furniture for the corporate offices from a related party. The total payments to this related party for fixtures and furniture amounted to $0.2 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million, in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total amount due to this related party as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 was immaterial.
The Company collected $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $1.2 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, from its guests on behalf of charitable foundations controlled by a member of the Company’s board of directors and certain executive officers of the Company. Substantially all of the contributions are collected from guests at the point of sale via pin pad prompts or as a portion of the proceeds of specifically identified products. The foundations support a variety of children’s causes, domestic animal shelters, disaster relief and other concerns. The foundations distribute grants to qualifying charitable organizations based upon decisions of their respective contribution committees most of whose members are employees of the Company. The total amount due to this related party as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 was immaterial.
(14)
Major Vendors
Four vendors, each of whose primary manufacturing facilities are located in Asia, accounted for approximately 73% and 85% of inventory purchases in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Three such vendors accounted for approximately 75% of inventory purchases in 2014.
(15)
Segment Information
The Company’s operations are conducted through three operating segments consisting of direct-to-consumer (DTC), formerly retail, international franchising, and commercial. The DTC segment includes the operating activities of company-owned stores and other retail delivery operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and China, including the Company’s e-commerce sites and temporary stores. The international franchising segment includes the licensing activities of the Company’s franchise agreements with store locations in Europe (outside of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark), Asia (outside of China), Australia, the Middle East, Africa and Mexico. The commercial segment includes the Company’s transactions with other businesses, mainly comprised of licensing the Company’s intellectual properties for third party use and wholesale activities. The operating segments have discrete sources of revenue, different capital structures and different cost structures. These operating segments represent the basis on which the Company’s chief operating decision maker regularly evaluates the business in assessing performance, determining the allocation of resources and the pursuit of future growth opportunities. Accordingly, the Company has determined that each of its operating segments represent a reportable segment. The three reportable segments follow the same accounting policies used for the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Following is a summary of the financial information for the Company’s reporting segments (in thousands):
The Company’s reportable segments are primarily determined by the types of products and services that they offer. Each reportable segment may operate in many geographic areas. Revenues are recognized in the geographic areas based on the location of the customer or franchisee. The following schedule is a summary of the Company’s sales to external customers and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):
For purposes of this table only:
(1)
North America includes the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and franchise business in Mexico
(2)
Europe includes the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and franchise businesses in Europe
(3)
Other includes franchise businesses outside of North America and Europe and, beginning in 2016, a company-owned store in China
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(1) Deductions from deferred tax asset valuation allowance represent reversals of previously established allowances
(2) Deductions from the receivables allowance for doubtful accounts represent uncollectible accounts written off and recoveries
(a)(3) Exhibits.
The following is a list of exhibits filed as a part of the Annual Report on Form 10-K:
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
BUILD-A-BEAR WORKSHOP, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Sharon John and Voin Todorovic, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and any other documents and instruments incidental thereto, together with any and all amendments and supplements thereto, to enable the Company to comply with the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, and any rules, regulations and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in respect thereof, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents and/or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.