ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
Libbey is the leading producer of glass tableware in the U.S. and Canada. The Company is also a major supplier of other tabletop products to the foodservice industry in the U.S. The Company's products are sold to a broad range of foodservice, retail, industrial and premium customers and are exported to more than 100 countries. The Company designs, manufactures and markets, under the LIBBEY(R) brand name, an extensive line of high-quality, machine-made glass beverageware and other glass tableware, including plates, bowls, serveware and accessories. The Company maintains over 2,000 glass tableware stock keeping units ("SKUs") representing over 900 basic product items, sizes and shapes. Libbey is also a leading producer of ceramic dinnerware for the U.S. foodservice industry as a result of the Company's October 1995 acquisition of Syracuse China.
In late August, the Company completed a series of transactions that included the Company:
- - investing as a joint venture partner in Vitrocrisa, the largest glass tableware manufacturer in Mexico; - - establishing reciprocal distribution agreements giving Libbey exclusive distribution rights for Vitrocrisa's glass tableware products in the U.S. and Canada, and Vitrocrisa the exclusive distribution rights for Libbey's glass tableware products in Latin America; and - - acquiring World Tableware, a major importer of metal flatware and holloware and ceramic dinnerware to the U.S. foodservice industry.
PRODUCTS
Libbey's products consist of glass tableware, including glass beverageware, specialized glass bottles, ceramic dinnerware and metal flatware and holloware. The Company's glass beverageware includes tumblers, stemware and, to a lesser extent, mugs. The Company's other glass tableware products include plates, bowls, ashtrays, bud vases, salt and pepper shakers, canisters, candle holders and various other items.
The Company has over 2,000 glass tableware SKUs available for sale, representing over 900 basic product sizes or shapes, which are produced in different colors and packaged individually or in various multipack combinations and sets. Each year, the Company develops and introduces many new glass shapes and sizes, including over 50 per year since 1993, which the Company believes makes it one of the most innovative suppliers in the glass tableware industry. In addition, the Company's product portfolio each year includes hundreds of newly decorated designs made for specific customer needs and specifications. The Company defines the U.S. glass tableware market to include glass beverageware, ovenware, cookware, dinnerware,
serveware, floral items, items used for specialized packaging, specialized bottles, handmade glassware and lead crystal valued at less than $5 per piece.
Vitrocrisa's product assortment includes, in addition to the product types produced by Libbey, glass bakeware and hand-made glass tableware, which are new product categories the Company will offer primarily to retail customers. In addition, Vitrocrisa products include glass coffee pots, blender jars, meter covers and other industrial glassware sold principally to original equipment manufacturers.
Through its Syracuse China and World Tableware subsidiaries, the Company sells a wide-range of ceramic dinnerware products. These include plates, bowls, platters, cups, saucers and other tabletop accessories.
Through its World Tableware subsidiary, the Company sells an extensive selection of metal flatware. These include knives, forks, spoons and serving utensils. In addition, World Tableware sells metal holloware, which includes serving trays, chafing dishes, pitchers and other metal tabletop accessories.
FOODSERVICE
Libbey has, according to management estimates, approximately a 64% share of glass tableware sales to the U.S. foodservice industry which includes restaurant, bar and institutional customers. The Company's share of glass tableware foodservice in Canada is estimated by management at 70%. Sales to foodservice customers represent approximately one-half of Libbey's sales. Approximately 90% of the Company's glass tableware sales to the foodservice end-users are made through a network of approximately 500 independent foodservice distributors. The distributors, in turn, sell to a wide variety of foodservice establishments, including national and regional hotel chains, national restaurant chains, individually owned bars and restaurants and casinos. Some of the Company's foodservice sales are made directly to end-user segments, including airlines and breweries.
Syracuse China and World Tableware are recognized as long established suppliers of high quality ceramic dinnerware and flatware, respectively. They are both among the leading suppliers of their respective product categories to the foodservice industry.
Libbey's sales force and distributor network sell the Company's products to foodservice establishments utilizing the Company's comprehensive product catalogues. The Company annually prints and distributes approximately 400,000 copies of its catalogues. Libbey's sales force throughout the U.S. and Canada works closely with the distributors to promote the Company's products and to provide direct assistance to foodservice establishments in determining their glass tableware and ceramic dinnerware needs. In addition, the Company advertises its products extensively in trade publications.
Foodservice customers require timely delivery of a broad range of items, and the Company believes that its leading position in the foodservice industry is the result, in part, of the breadth of its product offerings, its four strategically located
(geographically) glass tableware manufacturing facilities and related distribution centers and its extensive sales and service network. In addition, the Company consistently adds to its product offerings to meet changing consumer preferences and help end-user foodservice establishments grow sales.
The Company has the largest manufacturing, distribution and service network among U.S. and Canadian glass tableware manufacturers. The Company's installed base of products at foodservice establishments provides the Company with a source of recurring sales. Once a restaurant, bar or other foodservice customer has invested in a selected glass tableware or ceramic dinnerware pattern, it is likely to continue to purchase that pattern in order to maintain style consistency and also to avoid the cost associated with changing patterns. Moreover, as glass tableware or ceramic dinnerware chips or breaks, the establishment typically orders replacement pieces of the same style, due to the relatively small expense of maintaining style integrity. An example of the Company's presence in this market is the continued use of its Embassy(R) line of glassware, which was originally introduced in 1967 and which continues to be purchased by most of the Company's approximately 500 independent foodservice distributors.
Each of the Company's five largest foodservice distributor accounts in the U.S. has been a Libbey account for at least five years.
The Company's position in the foodservice industry has been enhanced through the acquisition of World Tableware. The World Tableware acquisition provides the Company with: (i) an increasing number of foodservice supply-related products that complement its existing product line; (ii) a position as a major supplier of metal flatware and holloware to foodservice customers; (iii) a broad selection of ceramic dinnerware at various selling prices to complement the Company's Syracuse China products; (iv) an expanded customer base; and (v) the opportunity to sell flatware, holloware and an expanded dinnerware offering to the Company's retail, industrial, premium and export customers. The Company expects to increase sales by leveraging its sales force to market Libbey, Syracuse China and World Tableware products to existing and new customers and improve the profitability of World Tableware by realizing certain operating synergies, including the elimination of redundant operating expenses.
RETAIL
Libbey is the leading supplier of glass beverageware sold to retailers in the U.S. Using the broader category of glass tableware, Libbey ranks third. The Company began producing and selling a limited assortment of glass serveware in 1994. As of December 31, 1996, Libbey did not offer bakeware or hand-made glass tableware products to the retail industry; however, Vitrocrisa does offer these products to the retail industry.
While in the past the Company has sold its beverageware and other glass tabletop accessories principally to mass merchants and discount stores, in recent years the Company has been able to increase its total sales by increasing its sales to traditional department stores and specialty houseware stores. With this expanded retail
representation, the Company is better positioned to successfully introduce profitable new products.
Retail store buyers tend to make large purchase decisions with longer lead time than do the Company's foodservice customers. Such decisions are made on the basis of a variety of product characteristics, including product quality and design features and price. Thus, in initially competing for a new retail program, the Company generally competes against a larger group of competitors, including foreign manufacturers, than it competes with for foodservice sales.
The Company believes that its competitive position for retail sales is enhanced by its ability to respond quickly to new orders and its ability to assist retail customers during the life of the program through inventory management and control and on-line ordering to satisfy their delivery requirements. In this regard, the Company has effectively utilized the retail industry's equivalent of just-in-time product delivery, through an interactive electronic data interchange ("EDI") program it has implemented with many retail customers. EDI, by using universal product codes ("UPC") and computers, allows the Company to track and respond to certain customers' inventory needs on a continuous basis.
The Company believes that its success in retail sales is also the result of the perceived value of its products, LIBBEY(R) brand name recognition, as well as a wide selection of colored glassware, innovative product design, availability of open stock items, made-to-order design capabilities and custom packaging. The Company believes that, with fourteen colors, it offers the widest selection of colored glass tableware in the world. This assortment of colored glass tableware has been a contributing factor to the growth in sales with department stores and specialty housewares retailers. The Company's sales to retail customers, including department stores and specialty housewares stores, has also improved recently due to the introduction of new Syracuse China ceramic dinnerware products.
Libbey's extensive product line also enables it to target the needs of different retail stores based on price, product design and packaging, focusing on individual customer characteristics. For example, products bearing the LIBBEY(R) brand name are sold throughout the retail industry, while the Company's "FunDamentals" collection is targeted toward traditional department stores and specialty housewares stores that utilize "private label" packaging. Similarly, some of the Company's retail products are packaged in four-piece cartons and are aimed at meeting a limited replacement or purchase need, while others are packaged in multi-piece sets which appeal to first-time purchasers, gift shoppers and customers updating their entire collection of glass tableware.
Libbey decided in late 4th quarter, 1997 to discontinue its factory outlet mall store business; 17 stores were closed in 1997 and the remaining 15 mall stores will be closed during 1998.
INDUSTRIAL
Libbey is one of the leading suppliers of glassware to industrial customers in the U.S., according to management estimates. Industrial customers use glassware for candle and gift packaging, floral purposes and lighting applications. The craft industries and gourmet food packing companies are also industrial consumers of glassware. The Company believes that its success with industrial customers is based upon its extensive manufacturing and distribution network, which enables it to provide superior service, and it broad product offering, which allows Libbey to meet its customers' desire for differentiated glassware products. The production capabilities and broad product portfolio of Vitrocrisa will enable the Company to expand its product offering for its industrial customers.
PREMIUM
Libbey is one of the leading suppliers of premium glassware in the U.S., according to management estimates. Premium users include major gasoline retailers and fast-food restaurant chains which use glassware as incentives or premiums. The Company believes that its success with premium customers is dependent upon custom design, varied production capabilities, and the ability to produce large quantities of product in a short period of time. Because of its manufacturing and distribution strengths in these areas, Libbey is able to create and produce specific design patterns in large quantities to meet the customer's unique needs. In recent years, many of the large purchases of the Company's products have been for incentive programs run by companies such as Coca-Cola, Arby's, Long John Silver's Seafood Shoppes and Shell Oil.
The Company's premium customers also includes the sale of glass tableware to supermarket chains for continuity programs. In 1997, the Company sold glass tableware through continuity programs to over 5,700 supermarkets in the U.S.
Since the majority of premium sales are tied to promotions and therefore have a limited life, the demand for these products varies from year to year, and the customer base is dynamic and somewhat unpredictable. Demand historically has tended to be countercyclical. The Company attempts to use the long production runs usually associated with such orders to balance seasonal swings and available capacity with Libbey's core foodservice, retail and industrial requirements.
INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION AND EXPORT SALES
In June 1993, the Company acquired the operating assets of Libbey-St. Clair, the only manufacturer of glass tableware in Canada. Libbey-St. Clair, now Libbey Canada, supplies foodservice, retail, industrial and premium users in Canada. In addition, Libbey Canada manufactures specialized glass bottles and containers for food and beverage packaging and as decorative bottles for retail sale, and fuse plugs. The Company is considering further international expansion through the establishment of additional foreign-based operations.
Libbey exports its products through independent agents and distributors to over 100 countries throughout the world, competing in the glass tableware markets of Latin America, Asia and Europe. Through its export operation, the Company sells Libbey glassware to foodservice, retail and premium customers internationally.
Export sales represent approximately 6.6% of 1997 sales, a relatively small part of the Company's business. Since 1988, however, export sales have increased at a 14.3% compound average annual growth rate. The Company believes that export sales represent a significant growth opportunity for the future.
The Company currently has technical assistance agreements with companies covering operations in numerous countries. In 1997, the Company performed services for licensees in eleven countries. These agreements, which cover areas ranging from manufacturing and engineering assistance to support in functions such as marketing, sales and administration, allow the Company to participate in the worldwide growth of the glass tableware industry and to keep abreast of potential sales and marketing opportunities in those countries. During 1997, the Company's technical assistance agreements produced royalties of $3.1 million. The Company also sells machinery, primarily glass-forming machinery, to certain parties with which it has technical assistance agreements.
MANUFACTURING
Libbey owns and operates three glass tableware manufacturing plants in the United States located in Toledo, Ohio; Shreveport, Louisiana; and City of Industry, California; The Company also operates a glass tableware manufacturing plant in Wallaceburg, Ontario, Canada. The Company owns and operates a ceramic dinnerware plant in Syracuse, New York. The Company operates distribution centers located at or near each of its manufacturing facilities. See "Properties." In addition, the Company operates distribution centers for its Vitrocrisa-supplied products in Laredo, Texas and World Tableware products near Chicago, Illinois.
The glass tableware manufacturing and distribution centers are strategically located (geographically) to enable the Company to supply significant quantities of its product to virtually all of its customers in a short period of time. Libbey is the only glass tableware producer operating more than two manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and Canada. The Company maintains a broad range of glass tableware inventory at all four glass tableware distribution centers.
The manufacture of the Company's glass tableware products involves the use of automated processes and technologies. Much of the Company's glass tableware production machinery was designed by the Company and has evolved and been continuously refined to incorporate technology advancements. Beginning in 1989, the Company began converting its glass-forming machines to an internally designed and proprietary computer-controlled manufacturing technology which improves the efficiency of the manufacturing process and permits faster manufacturing line changes. This conversion process will continue based on cost effectiveness and capacity utilization requirements. In addition, the Company has installed robotics technology in certain of its labor-intensive manufacturing processes. During the eight year period
1990 through 1997, the Company has spent in excess of $24 million on these and other cost reducing technologies, and the Company's manufacturing performance has improved significantly. The Company believes that its production machinery and equipment are adequate for its needs in the foreseeable future.
The Company's glass tableware products are generally produced using one of two manufacturing methods or, in the case of certain stemware, a combination of such methods. Most of the Company's tumblers and stemware and certain other glass tableware products are produced by forming molten glass in molds with the use of compressed air and are known as "blown" glass products. The Company's other glass tableware products and the stems of certain of its stemware are "pressware" products which are produced by pressing molten glass into the desired product shape.
The Company employs a team of engineers whose responsibilities include continuing efforts to improve and upgrade the Company's manufacturing facilities, equipment and processes. In addition, they provide engineering required to manufacture new products and to implement the large number of innovative changes continuously being made to the Company's product designs, sizes and shapes.
All of the raw materials used by the Company, principally sand, lime, soda ash and clay, have historically been available in adequate supply from multiple sources. However, for certain raw materials, there may be temporary shortages due to weather or other factors, including disruptions in supply caused by raw material transportation or production delays. Such shortages have not previously had and are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations in the future.
SALES AND MARKETING
The Company has its own sales representatives located strategically throughout the U.S. and Canada who call on customers and distributors. Approximately 90% of the Company's glass tableware sales to foodservice end-users are made through approximately 500 independent distributors, who serve a vital function in the distribution of the Company's products and with whom the Company works closely in connection with marketing and selling efforts. Most of the Company's retail, industrial and premium market sales are made directly by the Company's sales force.
Libbey also has a marketing staff located at its corporate headquarters in Toledo, Ohio engaged in developing strategies relating to product development, pricing, distribution, advertising and sales promotion.
CUSTOMERS
The customers for the Company's products include approximately 500 foodservice distributors and direct purchasers in the restaurant, bar and institutional foodservice market. In addition, the Company sells to mass merchants, department stores, national retail chains and specialty housewares stores, supermarkets and industrial companies and others who use the Company's products for promotional and other private uses.
No single customer or group of customers accounts for 10% or more of the Company's sales, although the loss of any of the Company's major customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company's premium customers tend to be more unpredictable from year to year and the Company is less dependent on such business than it is on the foodservice, retail and industrial sales. But in some years premium customers have been among the Company's largest ten customers.
COMPETITORS
The Company's business is highly competitive, with the principal competitive factors being price, brand name, product quality, delivery time and customer service. Principal competitors in the domestic glass tableware market are Anchor Hocking (a unit of Newell Co.), a supplier of glass beverageware and one of the leading suppliers of glass bakeware to retail markets in the U.S.; Durand International, a private French company, which the Company believes is the second leading supplier of glass beverageware in the U.S.; and Indiana Glass Company (a unit of Lancaster Colony Corporation), which participates in various aspects of the U.S. market. The principal competitors in the U.S. ceramic dinnerware market are Homer Laughlin (a private U. S. company) and Buffalo China (a unit of Oneida, Ltd.). Syracuse China competes almost exclusively in the foodservice market but has recently increased its focus on the retail market. Some of the Company's competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than the Company.
In recent years, Libbey has experienced increasing competition from foreign manufacturers, including Durand International (France) and Kedaung (Indonesia), principally in the retail industry. The Company's joint-venture investment in, and distribution agreement with, Vitrocrisa are expected to enhance the Company's ability to compete against foreign competitors.
PATENTS, TRADEMARKS AND LICENSES
Based upon market research and market surveys, the Company believes its Libbey trade name enjoys a high degree of consumer recognition and is a valuable asset. The Company believes that the Libbey, Syracuse China and World Tableware trade names are material to its business.
The Company has rights under a number of patents which relate to a variety of products and processes. The Company does not consider that any patent or group of patents relating to a particular product or process is of material importance to its business as a whole.
SEASONALITY
Due primarily to the impact of consumer buying patterns, particularly during the year-end holiday season, the Company's sales tend to be strongest in the fourth quarter and weakest in the first quarter of each year. As a consequence, approximately 40% to
45% of the Company's sales occur in the first half of each year and approximately 55% to 60% occur in the second half of the year.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
The Company's operations, in common with those of industry generally, are subject to numerous existing and proposed laws and governmental regulations designed to protect the environment, particularly regarding plant wastes and emissions and solid waste disposal, and the Company has shipped, and continues to ship, waste materials for off-site disposal. Although the Company is not named as a potentially responsible party in any superfund matters pending prior to June 24, 1993, the date of the Company's initial public offering and separation from Owens-Illinois, Owens-Illinois has been named as a potentially responsible party or other participant in connection with certain waste disposal sites to which the Company may also have shipped wastes and bear some responsibility, and Owens-Illinois has agreed to defend the Company in connection with any such matters identified and pending as of June 24, 1993 and to indemnify it against any resulting costs and liabilities from such matters in excess of $3 million. The Company believes that if it is necessary to draw upon this indemnification, collection is probable. Since the date of the Company's initial public offering, the Company has been named a potentially responsible party at two sites in Toledo, Ohio, along with 46 other potentially responsible parties, including Owens-Illinois and one additional site in Michigan, all of which the Company has agreed to settle for immaterial amounts. In addition, as further described below, the Company's Syracuse China subsidiary has been named a potentially responsible party with respect to certain property adjoining its plant.
Through its Syracuse China subsidiary, the Company acquired on October 10, 1995 from The Pfaltzgraff Co. and certain of its subsidiaries the assets operated as Syracuse China. The Pfaltzgraff Co. entered into an order of consent effective November 1, 1994 with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) which requires Pfaltzgraff to prepare a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) to develop a remedial action plan for a site in Syracuse, New York (which includes among other items a landfill and wastewater and sludge ponds and adjacent wetlands located on the property purchased by Syracuse China Company) and to remediate the site. As part of the Asset Purchase Agreement the Syracuse China Company agreed to share a part of the remediation and related expense up to a maximum of fifty percent of such costs with a maximum limit for Syracuse China Company of $1,350,000. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Syracuse China Company is not a party to the decree. The RI/FS is complete and a contract has been awarded for the design of the remediation projects. In addition, Syracuse China Company has been named as a potentially responsible party with respect to certain property adjoining its plant which has been designated a sub-site of a superfund site. The Company believes that any contamination of such site was caused by and will be remediated by other parties at no cost to Syracuse China. In any event, any expense with respect to such site for which Syracuse China may be deemed responsible would likely be shared with Pfaltzgraff pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement.
The Company regularly reviews the facts and circumstances of the various environmental matters affecting the Company, including those which are covered by indemnification. Although not free of uncertainties, the Company believes that its share of the remediation costs at the various sites, based upon the number of parties involved at the sites and the estimated cost of undisputed work necessary for remediation based upon known technology and the experience of others, will not be material to the Company. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company's future expenditures in such regard will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
In addition, occasionally the federal government and various state authorities have investigated possible health issues that may arise from the use of lead or other ingredients in enamels such as those used by the Company on the exterior surface of its decorated products. Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment for environmental control activities were not material during 1997. The Company believes that it is in material compliance with all federal, state and local environmental laws, and the Company is not aware of any regulatory initiatives that would be expected to have a material effect on the Company's products or operations.
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
The Company employed approximately 4,120 persons at December 31, 1997. A majority of the glass tableware employees are U.S.-based hourly workers covered by six collective bargaining agreements which were entered into in 1995 and expire at various times during the fourth quarter of 1998. Canada-based workers are covered by two collective bargaining agreements which expire July 1999. The ceramic dinnerware hourly employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement which expires in March 1999. The Company considers its employee relations to be good
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The following table sets forth the location of the Company's principal manufacturing and distribution facilities at December 31, 1997. The Company also operates distribution facilities at or near each of its manufacturing facilities as well as at the distribution centers set forth below.
Glass Tableware Ceramic Dinnerware --------------- ------------------ Toledo, Ohio Syracuse, New York Shreveport, Louisiana City of Industry, California Wallaceburg, Ontario, Canada
Distribution Centers -------------------- Vitrocrisa - Laredo, Texas World Tableware - West Chicago, Illinois
The Company's headquarters, the World Tableware offices, some warehouses, sales offices and outlet stores are located in leased space.
All of the Company's operating properties are currently being utilized for their intended purpose and are owned in fee. The Company believes that its facilities are well maintained and adequate for its planned production requirements at those facilities over the next three to five years.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved in various routine legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not engaged in any legal proceeding which would be deemed to be material to the Company.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Set forth below are the names and the ages, positions and offices held (as of the date hereof), and a brief account of the business experience of each executive officer of the Company.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK
Libbey Inc. common stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol LBY. The price range for the Company's common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as reported by the New York Stock Exchange was as follows:
On March 4, 1998, there were 854 registered common shareholders of record. The Company has paid a regular quarterly cash dividend of $.075 per share beginning with the fourth quarter of 1993. The declaration of future dividends is within the discretion
of the Board of Directors of the Company and will depend upon, among other things, business conditions, earnings and the financial condition of the Company.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
1 Consolidates the results of the Vitro Transactions beginning in September. 2 Excludes short-term debt.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA - -------------------------
The following table presents certain results of operations data for Libbey for the periods indicated:
Management is not aware of any events or uncertainties that are likely to have a material impact on prospective results of operations or financial condition. The modest rate of inflation experienced over the last three years has not had a significant effect on the Company's financial results. Significant increases in inflation in the future could have a material impact on the Company's financial results if it is not able to raise prices to its customers.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMPARISON OF 1997 WITH 1996 - ----------------------------
Net sales for 1997 of $412.0 million were 3.6% higher than the net sales of $397.7 million reported in 1996. The primary contributing factor to the increase was the inclusion of sales of World Tableware and sales associated with the Company's distribution agreement with Vitrocrisa since August 29, 1997. Sales increased at Syracuse China in 1997. Sales of the Company's glassware products were down slightly because of lower unit shipments. Sales at Syracuse China were higher due to higher unit shipments. Libbey's export sales increased slightly to $27.0 million in 1997 from $26.9 million in 1996.
Gross profit increased 7.2% to $117.0 million in 1997 from $109.1 million in 1996 and increased as a percentage of sales to 28.4% from 27.4% over this same period. Gross margins improved primarily because the mix of glassware products sold had a higher profitability, which offset increased warehouse and shipping expenses and the inclusion of the acquired businesses, which had a lower profit margin than the Company's average. Increases in warehouse and shipping expenses are primarily attributable to increased warehouse space requirements due
to higher inventory levels and the relocation of certain warehouse operations to improve efficiencies.
Income from operations increased 4.9% to $70.5 million from $67.2 million in 1996 and increased as a percentage of net sales to 17.1% from 16.9% in the year-ago period. The increase in the income from operations margin in 1997 was primarily attributable to increases in the profitability of the Company's glassware sales, principally due to improved sales mix only partially offset by the inclusion of the acquired businesses, which operated at a lower profit margin than the Company's average. The Company announced plans in January 1998 to increase its profitability through personnel reductions and elimination of redundant warehouse space through improved inventory management. In addition, it announced plans to close its remaining factory outlet mall stores, which operated at a loss in 1997 and numbered 15 at December 31, 1997.
Earnings before interest and income taxes increased 7.0% to $73.3 million from $68.5 million in 1996 and improved as a percentage of net sales to 17.8% from 17.2% in the year-ago period. The increase is the result of higher income from operations and the inclusion of equity earnings from the Company's joint venture investment in Mexico since August 29, 1997, only partially offset by a reserve established in the fourth quarter of $865,000 to cover future expenses associated with the closure of the Company's factory outlet mall store business.
Net income increased 11.0% to $36.1 million from $32.5 million in 1996 and increased as a percentage of net sales to 8.8% from 8.2% in the year-ago period. The increase is principally attributable to higher revenues and earnings before interest and income taxes and a reduction in the Company's effective tax rate to 38.2% from 39.2% in the year-ago period. The reduction in the Company's effective tax rate is primarily attributable to lower state income taxes.
COMPARISON OF 1996 WITH 1995 - ----------------------------
Net sales for 1996 of $397.7 million were 11.2% higher than the net sales of $357.5 million reported in 1995. Contributing to the increase were greater sales at the Company's Canadian operations; higher sales to foodservice markets in the U.S.; significant increases in unit shipments to industrial customers and the inclusion of sales of Syracuse China for twelve months in 1996 compared with less than three months in 1995. Over one-half of the Company's sales increase is attributable to the inclusion of sales of Syracuse China for a full year in 1996. The remainder of the increase is due to higher unit volume offsetting lower average unit selling prices. Libbey's export sales increased slightly to $26.9 million in 1996 from $26.0 million in 1995.
Gross profit increased 9.6% to $109.1 million in 1996 from $99.6 million in 1995 and declined as a percentage of sales to 27.4% from 27.9% over this same period. Gross margins primarily were affected by product mix, with greater sales of lower-margin items in the industrial and export markets and the inclusion of Syracuse China. In addition, higher energy costs of approximately 30%,
principally due to increased prices and increased compensation costs, including the effects of the Company's new Goalsharing program, were factors.
Income from operations increased 6.3% to $67.2 million in 1996 from $63.2 million in 1995 and decreased as a percentage of net sales to 16.9% from 17.7%. The income from operations margin in 1996 was adversely affected by a lower gross profit margin and the inclusion of Syracuse China. Consultant fees associated with the Company's re-engineering initiative totaled $1.0 million.
Net income increased 8.4% to $32.5 million in 1996 from $30.0 million in 1995. The increase is principally attributable to higher revenues and operating profits and a reduction in the Company's effective tax rate from 39.6% to 39.2%, principally due to lower state income taxes, offset by increased interest expense due to additional debt associated with the Syracuse China acquisition in October 1995.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY - -------------------------------
Libbey's financial condition at year-end 1997 reflects the effects of the Company's acquisitions, refinancing and increased working capital. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $38.6 million from $60.2 million in 1996. Higher net income was more than offset by lower depreciation expenses, the addition of non-cash equity earnings and increases in working capital. Increases in inventory and receivables are primarily attributable to the assets acquired at World Tableware and those related to the distribution agreement with the Company's joint venture in Mexico. Net cash provided by operating activities in 1995 was $29.1 million. The increase in 1996 was due to higher net income and improved working capital management.
Capital expenditures were $18.4 million in 1997 compared with $15.4 million in 1996 and included scheduled maintenance and investment in higher productivity machinery and equipment, including glass-processing equipment and new equipment to improve production efficiency at Syracuse China. In addition, the Company incurred capitalized software expenditures of $1.2 million associated with the installation of new information systems company-wide. Capital expenditures for 1998 are expected to be in the range of $23 to $25 million.
Libbey had total debt of $210.7 million at December 31, 1997, compared with $207.4 million at December 31, 1996. The $3.3 million increase is primarily attributable to the net cash provided from operations and the net proceeds of $82.6 million associated with the issuance of 2.3 million shares of common stock in a public offering in November 1997, only partially offsetting $106.7 million of borrowings associated with acquisitions. Libbey had additional debt capacity of $174.5 million at December 31, 1997, under the Bank Credit Agreement. Libbey has entered into interest rate protection agreements with respect to $175.0 million of its debt. The average interest rate for the Company's borrowings related to the interest rate protection agreements is 6.02% with an average maturity of 2.4 years at December 31, 1997.
Of Libbey's outstanding indebtedness, $35.7 million is subject to fluctuating interest rates at December 31, 1997. A change of one percentage point in such rates would result in a change in interest expense of approximately $0.4 million on an annual basis.
On August 29, 1997, the Company completed a series of transactions with Vitro, S.A. (collectively the "Vitro Transactions") for a cash purchase price of approximately $100 million and the assumption of certain liabilities, financed through borrowings under the Bank Credit Agreement. The primary components of the Vitro Transactions included the Company becoming: (i) a 49% equity owner in Vitrocrisa; (ii) the exclusive distributor of Vitrocrisa's glass tableware products in the U.S. and Canada, and Vitrocrisa becoming the exclusive distributor of Libbey's glass tableware products in Latin America; (iii) the owner of substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of the business formerly known as WorldCrisa, renamed World Tableware; and (iv) the owner of a 49% interest in the business of Crisa Industrial, L.L.C., which distributes industrial glassware in the U.S. and Canada for Vitrocrisa. As a result of the Vitro Transactions, the Company consolidates the financial results of World Tableware and includes in its financial results sales of Vitrocrisa's glass tableware in the U.S. and Canada pursuant to the distribution agreement.
On November 12, 1997, the Company closed on a public offering of 2.3 million shares of common stock, including all 300,000 shares of common stock sold pursuant to the option granted to the underwriters to cover over allotments, at a price to the public of $37.875 per share, pursuant to the Company's $100 million shelf registration statement dated June 19, 1997. The Company used the net proceeds from the common stock offering of $82.6 million to repay certain indebtedness outstanding under its Bank Credit Agreement.
The Company is not aware of any trends, demands, commitments or uncertainties which will result or which are reasonably likely to result in a material change in Libbey's liquidity. The Company believes that its cash from operations and available borrowings under the Bank Credit Agreement will be sufficient to fund its operating requirements, capital expenditures and all other obligations (including debt service and dividends) throughout the remaining term of the Bank Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company anticipates refinancing the Bank Credit Agreement at or prior to the maturity date of May 1, 2002, to meet the Company's longer-term funding requirements.
OTHER INFORMATION - -----------------
The Company has developed and initiated its plans to address the possible exposures related to the impact of the Year 2000 on its computer systems and equipment. Key financial information and operational systems have been assessed and detailed plans have been implemented to address modifications required prior to December 31, 1999. Plans to upgrade the Company's computer systems in the normal course of business in 1998 include the upgrade of its principal computer software to a version that is Year 2000 compliant. The Company expects these modifications to be completed and tested by December 31, 1999. The financial impact of making the required changes will be comprised primarily of internal costs, excluding the costs required to upgrade and replace systems and equipment in the normal course of business, and is not expected to be material to the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operation.
The Company has also initiated communications with its significant suppliers and customers to ascertain whether they have appropriate plans to resolve Year 2000 issues where failure of their systems could adversely affect the Company's operations.
This document and supporting schedules contain "forward-looking" statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and as such, only reflects the Company's best assessment at this time. Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, that actual results may differ materially from such statements, and that investors should not place undue reliance on such statements. For a discussion of factors that may affect actual results, investors should refer to the Company's Securities and Exchange Commission reports, including but not limited to, Exhibit 99 included in this report.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Page ----
Report of Independent Auditors 19
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1997 and 1996 20
For the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995:
Consolidated Statements of Income 22 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity 23 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 24
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 25
Selected Quarterly Financial Data 39
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Shareholders Libbey Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Libbey Inc. as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 14(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Libbey Inc. at December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
Ernst & Young LLP
Toledo, Ohio January 30, 1998
LIBBEY INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
See accompanying notes.
LIBBEY INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)
See accompanying notes.
LIBBEY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
See accompanying notes.
LIBBEY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands, except per-share amounts)
See accompanying notes.
LIBBEY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
See accompanying notes.
LIBBEY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Libbey Inc. and all wholly-owned subsidiaries ("the Company") after the elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BUSINESS - -------- The Company designs, manufactures and markets an extensive line of high quality, machine-made glass beverageware, other glass tableware and ceramic dinnerware to a broad group of customers in the foodservice, retail, industrial and premium areas. Most of the Company's sales are to customers in North America, although international sales have grown significantly since 1988. Through a 1997 acquisition and equity investments the Company also imports and distributes ceramic dinnerware and flatware and has a 49% interest in a glass tableware manufacturer in Mexico.
INVENTORY VALUATION - ------------------- The Company uses the last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost method of inventory valuation for over 70% of its inventories. If inventories valued on the LIFO method had been valued at standard or average costs, which approximate current costs, inventories would be higher than reported by $11,720, $10,978 and $9,211 at December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The remaining inventories are valued at either standard or average cost.
GOODWILL - -------- Goodwill, which resulted from the excess of purchase cost over net assets acquired, is being amortized over 40 years. The Company periodically reviews goodwill to assess recoverability, generally based upon expectations of nondiscounted cash flows and operating income.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - -----------------------------
Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 3 to 10 years for equipment and furnishings and 20 to 40 years for buildings and improvements.
STOCK OPTIONS - ------------- The Company accounts for employee stock options in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees."
INCOME TAXES - ------------ Deferred income taxes are determined based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
ROYALTIES AND NET TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - -------------------------------------- Royalties and net technical assistance income are accrued based on the terms of the respective agreements, which typically specify that a percentage of the licensee's sales be paid to the Company monthly, quarterly or semi-annually in exchange for the Company's assistance with manufacturing and engineering and support in functions such as marketing, sales and administration.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION - ---------------------------- The assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiary are translated at current exchange rates and revenue and expense amounts are translated at average exchange rates. Any related translation adjustments are recorded directly in shareholders' equity.
INCOME PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK - -------------------------------- In 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued statement No. 128, Earnings per Share. Statement 128 replaced the calculation of primary and fully diluted earnings per share with basic and diluted earnings per share. Unlike primary earnings per share, basic earnings per share excludes any dilutive effects of options, warrants and convertible securities. Diluted earnings per share is very similar to the previously reported fully diluted earnings per share. All earnings per share amounts for all periods have been presented, and where appropriate, restated to conform to the Statement 128 requirements. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS - ------------------------ In 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No. 130 "Reporting Comprehensive Income" (FAS 130) and No. 131 "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" (FAS 131) which are effective for periods beginning after December 31, 1997. FAS 130 will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements, and the Company has not determined the impact of FAS 131.
3. ACQUISITION
On August 29, 1997, the Company completed a series of transactions with Vitro, S.A. (collectively the "Vitro Transactions") for a cash purchase price of approximately $100 million and the assumption of certain liabilities, financed through borrowings under the Bank Credit Agreement. The primary components of the Vitro Transactions included the Company becoming: (i) a 49% equity owner in Vitrocrisa; (ii) the exclusive distributor of Vitrocrisa's glass tableware products in the U.S. and Canada and Vitrocrisa becoming the exclusive distributor of Libbey's glass tableware products in Latin America; (iii) the owner of substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of the business formerly known as WorldCrisa, renamed World Tableware; and (iv) the owner of a 49% equity interest in the business of Crisa Industrial, L.L.C., which distributes industrial glassware in the U.S. and Canada for Vitrocrisa. As a result of the Vitro Transactions, the Company consolidates the financial results of World Tableware and includes in its financial results sales of Vitrocrisa's glass tableware in the U.S. and Canada pursuant to the distribution agreement.
The equity interests in Vitrocrisa and Crisa Industrial, L.L.C. were recorded as equity investments of $82.2 million, which exceeded the underlying equity in net assets by approximately $66.0 million. This amount is being amortized over 40 years as a charge to equity earnings. The acquisition of World Tableware was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting for financial reporting purposes, and a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the underlying net assets acquired has been made. The excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired of approximately $12.4 million was recorded as goodwill. The operating results of World Tableware and the equity earnings of Vitrocrisa and Crisa Industrial, L.L.C. have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.
The following unaudited pro forma results of operations assume the acquisition and equity investments occurred as of January 1, 1996 (in thousands, except per-share amounts):
The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred had the Vitro Transactions been consummated as of January 1, 1996, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results.
Summarized combined financial information since the acquisition for equity investments is as follows:
4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:
5. ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities include accruals for insurance of $5,733, $7,887 and $8,953 and various incentive programs of $9,537, $8,953 and $8,257 at December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
6. INCOME TAXES The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
The provision for income taxes was calculated based on the following components of earnings before income taxes:
A reconciliation from the statutory U. S. federal tax rate of 35% to the consolidated effective tax rate is as follows:
Income taxes paid in cash amounted to $16,570, $18,727 and $26,250 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:
Net deferred tax liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
7. PENSION PLANS
The Company has pension plans covering substantially all employees. Benefits generally are based on compensation for salaried employees and length of service for hourly employees. The Company's policy is to fund pension plans such that sufficient assets will be available to meet future benefit requirements.
The funded status of the plans at December 31, 1997 and 1996 was as follows:
The actuarial present value of benefit obligations is based on a discount rate of 7.25% in 1997 and 8.0% in 1996. The expected long-term rate of return on assets is 10% in 1997 and 1996. A salary growth rate of 4.5% was used in 1997 and 5.5% in 1996. Future benefits are assumed to increase in a manner consistent with past experience. Plan assets include marketable equity securities, government and corporate debt securities and commingled funds.
The components of the net pension expense are as follows:
The Company also sponsors certain other employee retirement benefit plans which in the aggregate resulted in an expense of $1,975, $1,768 and $1,142 in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
8. NONPENSION RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company provides certain retiree health care and life insurance benefits covering substantially all salaried and hourly employees. Employees are generally eligible for benefits upon retirement and completion of a specified number of years of creditable service. Benefits for most hourly retirees are determined by collective bargaining. Under a cross-indemnity agreement, Owens-Illinois assumed liability for the nonpension retirement benefits of Company retirees who had retired as of the Initial Public Offering (IPO).
The components of the accumulated nonpension retirement benefit obligation and amounts accrued were as follows:
The provision for nonpension retirement benefit costs consists of the following:
Assumed health care cost inflation is based on an ultimate rate of 5%. A one percentage point increase in these rates would have increased the accumulated nonpension retirement benefit obligation at December 31, 1997, by $269 and increased the net nonpension retirement benefit cost by $349. A salary growth rate of 4.5% was used in
1997 and 5.5% in 1996. The assumed discount rate used in determining the accumulated nonpension retirement benefit obligation was 7.25% for 1997 and 8.0% for 1996. The Company continues to fund these nonpension retirement benefit obligations as claims are incurred.
The Company provides retiree health care benefits to certain union hourly employees through participation in a multiemployer retiree health care benefit plan. Approximately $388, $357 and $79 was charged to expense for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
9. LONG-TERM DEBT
The Company and its Canadian subsidiary have an unsecured agreement ("Bank Credit Agreement" or "Agreement") with a group of banks which provides for a Revolving Credit and Swing Line Facility ("Facility") permitting borrowings up to an aggregate total of $380 million, maturing May 1, 2002. Swing Line borrowings are limited to $25 million with interest calculated at the prime rate minus the Commitment Fee Percentage. Revolving Credit borrowings bear interest at the Company's option at either the prime rate minus the Commitment Fee Percentage, or a Eurodollar rate plus the Applicable Eurodollar Margin. The Commitment Fee Percentage and Applicable Eurodollar Margin will vary depending on the Company's performance against certain financial ratios. The Commitment Fee Percentage and the Applicable Eurodollar Margin were .15% and .275%, respectively, at December 31, 1997. The Company may also elect to borrow up to a maximum of $190 million under a Bid Rate loan alternative of the Facility at floating rates of interest. The Company had $200.4 and $202.9 million outstanding under the Facility at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The Facility also provides for the issuance of $38 million of letters of credit, with such usage applied against the $380 million limit. At December 31, 1997, the Company had $5.1 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Facility.
The Company has entered into Interest Rate Protection Agreements ("Rate Agreements") with respect to $175 million of debt as a means to manage its exposure to fluctuating interest rates. The Rate Agreements effectively convert this portion of the Company's borrowings from variable rate debt to a fixed rate basis, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future income. The average interest rate for the Company's borrowings related to the Rate Agreements at December 31, 1997, was 6.02% for an average remaining period of 2.4 years. Total remaining debt not covered by the Rate Agreements has fluctuating interest rates with a weighted average rate of 6.22% at December 31, 1997.
The interest rate differential to be received or paid under the Rate Agreements is being recognized over the life of the Rate Agreements as an adjustment to interest expense. Should the counterparts to these Rate Agreements fail to perform, the Company would no
longer be protected from interest rate fluctuations by these Rate Agreements. However, the Company does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparts.
The Company must pay a commitment fee ("Commitment Fee Percentage") on the total credit provided under the Bank Credit Agreement. No compensating balances are required by the Agreement. The Agreement requires the maintenance of certain financial ratios, restricts the incurrence of indebtedness and other contingent financial obligations and restricts certain types of business activities and investments.
Annual maturities for all the Company's long-term debt through 2002 are as follows: 1998 through 2001 - none; 2002 - $200.4 million.
At December 31, 1997, the carrying value of the long-term debt approximates its fair value based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates. There was no material fair market value for the Company's Interest Rate Protection Agreements at December 31, 1997. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms and maturities. The fair value of the Company's Rate Agreements is based on quotes from brokers for comparable contracts. The Company does not expect to cancel these agreements, and expects them to expire as originally contracted.
Interest expense - net includes interest income of $2, $1 and $227, for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Interest paid in cash amounted to $14,337, $14,362 and $14,713 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
10. STOCK OPTIONS
The Company sponsors a stock option plan for key employees. The plan provides for the granting of Incentive Stock Options and Nonqualified Options to purchase 1,800,000 shares of the Company's common stock to key employees at a price not less than the fair market value on the date the option is granted.
Options become exercisable as determined at the date of grant by a committee of the Board of Directors. Unless an earlier expiration date is set at the time of the grant or results from termination of an optionee's employment or a merger, consolidation, acquisition, liquidation or dissolution of the Company, Incentive Stock Options expire ten years after the date of grant and Nonqualified Options expire ten years and a day after date of grant.
The Company has elected to follow APB No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," in accounting for employee stock options. The alternative fair value
accounting provided for under FASB No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," requires use of option valuation models that were not developed for use in valuing employee stock options. Under APB No. 25 no compensation expense is recognized because the exercise price of the Company's employee stock options equals the market price of the underlying stock at the date of grant.
In the opinion of management, the existing fair value models do not provide a reliable measure of the value of employee stock options. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options. In addition, option valuation models require highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is required by Statement 123, which also requires that the information be determined as if the Company has accounted for its employee stock options granted subsequent to December 31, 1994 under the fair value method of that Statement. The fair value for these options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for 1997, 1996 and 1995: risk-free interest rates of 5.9%; a dividend yield of 1.2%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the Company's common stock of .26 for 1997 and .27 for 1996 and 1995 plus a weighted-average expected life of the options of 7 years. The weighted average fair value of options granted in 1997, 1996 and 1995 was $13.59, $9.90 and $8.13, respectively.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. The Company's pro forma information follows (in thousands, except earnings per-share information):
Pro forma effect on net income for 1997, 1996 and 1995 is not representative of the pro forma effect on net income in future years because it does not take into consideration pro forma compensation expense related to grants made prior to 1995.
Stock option activity is as follows:
The following information is as of December 31, 1997:
11. SHAREHOLDERS' RIGHTS PLAN
In January 1995, the Company adopted a Shareholders' Rights Plan designed to ensure that all of the Company's shareholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of any proposal to acquire control of the Company. Under the Plan, the Company's Board of Directors declared a distribution of one right for each outstanding common share of the Company. Each right will entitle shareholders to buy 1/100th of a share of newly created Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $55 per right. The rights will not be exercisable until a person acquires beneficial ownership of 20% of the Company's common shares or makes a tender offer for at least 20% of its common shares. After the time that a person acquires beneficial ownership of 20% of the Company's common shares, the holders of the rights may be permitted to exercise such rights to receive the Company's common shares having market value of twice the exercise price. The rights are redeemable at $0.001 per right at any time before the tenth day after a person has acquired 20% or more of the outstanding common shares. The redemption period may be extended under certain circumstances. If at any time after the rights become exercisable and not redeemed, the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction in which the Company is not the surviving party, the rights will entitle a holder to buy a number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company having a market value of twice the exercise price of each right.
12. OPERATING LEASES
Rental expense for all operating leases was $5,983, $4,670 and $4,462 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Contingent rental expense was not significant in any period presented. Future minimum rentals under operating leases are as follows: 1998--$5,293; 1999--$4,470; 2000--$2,951; 2001--$2,213; 2002--$1,674 and 2003 and thereafter--$6,340.
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
The following tables present selected quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996:
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information with respect to executive officers is set forth herein immediately following Item 4 of Part I. Information with respect to non-officer directors is included in the Proxy Statement in the section entitled "Election of Directors" and such information is incorporated herein by this reference. The section in the Proxy Statement entitled "General Information - Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act" is also incorporated herein by this reference.
ITEMS 11. AND 13. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION AND CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The sections entitled "Election of Directors" exclusive of the subsection entitled "Board Meetings and Committees of the Board" and "Executive Compensation" exclusive of the subsections entitled "Compensation Committee Report" and "Performance Graph," which are included in the Proxy Statement, are incorporated herein by this reference.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The section entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" which is included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.
PART IV
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
a) Index of Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule Covered by Report of Independent Auditors.
Page ---- Report of Independent Auditors 19
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1997 and 1996 20
For the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995:
Consolidated Statements of Income 22 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity 23 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 24
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 25
Selected Quarterly Financial Data 39
Financial statement schedule for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995:
II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Consolidated) S-1
All other schedules have been omitted since the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or the accompanying notes.
The accompanying Exhibit Index is hereby incorporated herein by this reference. The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report.
b) A form 8-K was filed during the fourth quarter, dated October 20, 1997 with respect to the press release announcing third quarter financial results and announced plans to issued additional common stock.
A form 8-K was filed during the fourth quarter, dated November 5, 1997 with respect to issuance of a prospectus supplement dated November 5, 1997 for a public offering of 2 million shares of common stock at a price of $37.875 per share under the Company's $100 million effective shelf registration of June 19, 1997 and with respect to the Underwriter's Agreement in connection with the Offering.
A first and second amendment to the form 8-K, dated August 29, 1997 were filed during the fourth quarter with respect to the closing of the Vitro Transactions which included the filing of material contracts and financial statements with respect to the Vitro Transactions.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LIBBEY INC.
by: /s/ Kenneth G. Wilkes ---------------------------- Kenneth G. Wilkes Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Date: March 30, 1998
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Libbey Inc. and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURE TITLE - --------- -----
William A. Foley Director Terry L. Wilkison Director Peter C. McC. Howell Director G. L. Moreau Director Terence P. Stewart Director Carol B. Morerdyk Director R. I. Reynolds Director, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer John F. Meier Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer
By: /s/ Kenneth G. Wilkes ---------------------------------- Kenneth G. Wilkes Attorney-In-Fact /s/ Kenneth G. Wilkes - -------------------------------------- Kenneth G. Wilkes Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, (Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: March 30, 1998
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE -------------------------------------
Financial Statement Schedule of Libbey Inc. for the years ended December 31, 1997 1996, and 1995:
Page ---- II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Consolidated) S-1
LIBBEY INC. SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (Consolidated) Years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 (Dollars in thousands)
(1) The amounts in "Other" represent recoveries of accounts previously charged off as uncollectible; in 1995, amounts established through purchase price accounting for the acquisition of Syracuse China and in 1997 amounts established through purchase price accounting for acquisition of World Tableware.
(2) Deductions from allowances for losses and discounts on receivables represent uncollectible notes and accounts written off.
S-1
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-1
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-2
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-3
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-4
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-5
EXHIBIT INDEX
E-6
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-7
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
E-8
EXHIBIT INDEX -------------
* Management Contract or Compensation Plan or Arrangement.
E-9