ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
GENERAL
United Community Financial Corp. (United Community) was incorporated in the State of Ohio in February 1998 for the purpose of owning all of the outstanding capital stock of The Home Savings and Loan Company of Youngstown, Ohio (Home Savings) issued upon the conversion of Home Savings from a mutual savings association to a permanent capital stock savings association (Conversion). The Conversion was completed on July 8, 1998. On August 12, 1999, Butler Wick Corp. (Butler Wick) became a wholly-owned subsidiary of United Community.
Home Savings was organized as a mutual savings association under Ohio law in 1889. Home Savings is subject to supervision and regulation by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), the Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Financial Institutions (Division) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Home Savings is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Cincinnati and the deposits of Home Savings are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC in the Savings Association Insurance Fund (SAIF).
As a savings and loan holding company, United Community is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the OTS, the Division and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). United Community's primary activity is holding the common stock of Home Savings and Butler Wick. Consequently, the following discussion focuses primarily on the business of Home Savings and Butler Wick.
Home Savings conducts business from its main office located in Youngstown, Ohio, 28 full-service branches, located in the Northern Ohio communities of Austintown, Boardman, Canfield, Columbiana, East Palestine, Howland, Liberty, Lisbon, Niles, Poland, Salem, Struthers, Youngstown, Ashland, Bellevue, Clyde, Findlay, Fremont, Lexington, Norwalk, Sandusky, Tiffin, and Willard and four loan production offices located in Canton, Cleveland, Mentor and Stow. The principal business of Home Savings is the origination of mortgage loans on one- to four-family residential real estate located in Home Savings' primary market area, which consists of Ashland, Columbiana, Erie, Hancock, Huron, Mahoning, Richland, Sandusky, Seneca and Trumbull Counties. Home Savings also originates loans secured by nonresidential real estate. In addition to real estate lending, Home Savings originates commercial loans and various types of consumer loans, including home equity loans, education loans, loans secured by savings accounts, motor vehicles, boats and recreational vehicles and unsecured loans. For liquidity and interest rate risk management purposes, Home Savings invests in various financial instruments discussed in the investment section. Funds for lending and other investment activities are obtained primarily from savings deposits, which are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC, principal repayments of loans and maturities of securities.
Interest on loans and other investments is Home Savings' primary source of income. Home Savings' principal expense is interest paid on deposit accounts. Operating results are dependent to a significant degree on the net interest income of Home Savings, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and other investments and interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds. Like most thrift institutions, Home Savings' interest income and interest expense are significantly affected by general economic conditions and by the policies of various regulatory authorities.
Butler Wick is the parent company for three wholly-owned subsidiaries: Butler Wick & Co., Inc., Butler Wick Asset Management Company and Butler Wick Trust Company. Butler Wick conducts business from its main office located in Youngstown, Ohio, eight offices located in the northeastern Ohio communities of Alliance, Cleveland, Canfield, Canton, Columbus, Kent, Warren, and Salem and two offices in the western Pennsylvania communities of Franklin and Sharon. Butler Wick primarily sells common and preferred stocks, but also offers an array of government, corporate and municipal bonds, unit trusts, mutual funds, IRA's, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. Butler Wick also offers investments in precious metals and a full line of life insurance and annuity products, personal and corporate financial planning, estate planning, pension and profit sharing.
DISCUSSION OF FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
When used in this Form 10-K or in future filings by United Community with the SEC, in United Community's press releases or other public or shareholder communications, or in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, the words or phrases "will likely result," "are expected to," "will continue," "is anticipated," "estimate,"
"project" or similar expressions are intended to identify "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties including changes in economic conditions in United Community's market area, changes in policies by regulatory agencies, fluctuations in interest rates, demand for loans in Home Savings' market area, demand for investments in Butler Wick's market area and competition, that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical earnings and those presently anticipated or projected. United Community cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. United Community advises readers that the factors listed above could affect United Community's financial performance and could cause United Community's actual results for future periods to differ materially from any opinions or statements expressed with respect to future periods in any current statements.
United Community does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
LENDING ACTIVITIES
GENERAL. Home Savings' principal lending activity is the origination of conventional real estate loans secured by one- to four-family residences located in Home Savings' primary market area. Home Savings also originates loans secured by multifamily and nonresidential real estate and originates loans for the construction of one- to four-family residences, multifamily properties and nonresidential real estate projects. In addition to real estate lending, Home Savings originates commercial loans and various types of consumer credits, including home equity loans, education loans, loans secured by savings accounts, motor vehicles, boats and recreational vehicles and unsecured loans.
LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION. The following table presents certain information regarding the composition of United Community's loan portfolio at the dates indicated:
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(1) Consists of overdraft protection loans and loans to individuals secured by demand accounts, deposits, boats and one- to four-family residences.
LOAN MATURITY. The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2001, regarding the dollar amount of loans maturing in Home Savings' portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity. Demand loans and other loans having no stated schedule of repayments or no stated maturity are reported as due in one year or less. Mortgage loans originated by Home Savings generally include due-on-sale clauses that provide Home Savings with the contractual right to deem the loan immediately due and payable in the event the borrower transfers the ownership of the property without Home Savings' consent. The table does not include the effects of possible prepayments or scheduled repayments.
(1) Includes permanent and construction loans for one- to four-family and multifamily properties and land loans.
The next table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans due after December 31, 2002, which have fixed or adjustable interest rates:
Due after December 31, 2002 --------------------------- (In thousands)
Fixed rate $ 975,411 Adjustable rate 342,712 ------------- $ 1,318,123 =============
LOANS SECURED BY ONE- TO FOUR-FAMILY REAL ESTATE. The principal lending activity of Home Savings is the origination of conventional loans secured by first mortgages on one- to four-family residences, primarily single-family homes, located within Home Savings' primary market area. At December 31, 2001, Home Savings' one- to four-family residential real estate loans totaled approximately $978.5 million, or 65.4% of total loans. At December 31, 2001, $5.8 million, or 0.6%, of Home Savings' one-to four-family loans were nonperforming.
OTS regulations and Ohio law limit the amount which Home Savings may lend in relationship to the appraised value of the real estate and improvements which will secure the loan at the time of loan origination. In accordance with such regulations, Home Savings makes loans on one- to four-family residences of up to 97% of the value of the real estate and improvements thereon (LTV), although the majority of such loans have LTVs of 80% or less. Loans on single-family, owner-occupied residences located in low-income or moderate-income census tracts are granted up to a 97% LTV, although Home Savings requires private mortgage insurance on the portion of the principal amount that exceeds 85% of the appraised value of the property securing the loan.
Home Savings currently offers fixed-rate mortgage loans and adjustable-rate mortgage loans (ARMs) for terms of up to 30 years. Although Home Savings' loan portfolio includes a significant amount of 30-year fixed-rate loans, most loans currently originated by Home Savings are 15-year fixed-rate loans. The interest rate adjustment periods on ARMs are typically one or three years. The maximum interest rate adjustment on most of the ARMs is 2.0% on any adjustment date and a total of 6.0% over the life of the loan. The interest rate adjustments on one-year and three-year ARMs presently offered by Home Savings are indexed to the weekly average rate on the one-year and three-year U.S. Treasury securities, respectively. Rate adjustments are computed by adding a stated margin to the index. Home Savings does not offer ARMs to borrowers on one- to four-family residences with LTVs in excess of 95%.
Home Savings issues standby loan origination commitments to qualified borrowers primarily for the purchase of single-family residential real estate. Such commitments are made on specified terms and conditions and are made for periods of up to 60 days, during which time the interest rate is locked in.
LOANS SECURED BY MULTIFAMILY RESIDENCES. Home Savings originates loans secured by multifamily properties which contain more than four units. Multifamily loans are offered with adjustable rates of interest, which adjust according to a specified index, and typically have terms ranging from five to ten years and LTVs of up to 75%.
Multifamily lending is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than one- to four-family residential lending because the borrower typically depends upon income generated by the project to cover operating expenses and debt service. The profitability of a project can be affected by economic conditions, government policies and other factors beyond the control of the borrower. Home Savings attempts to reduce the risk associated with multifamily lending by evaluating the creditworthiness of the borrower and the projected income from the project and by obtaining personal guaranties on loans made to corporations and partnerships. Home Savings requires borrowers to submit financial statements annually to enable Home Savings to monitor the loan and requires an assignment of rents.
At December 31, 2001, loans secured by multifamily properties totaled approximately $60.7 million, or 4.1% of total loans. The largest loan had a principal balance of $1.8 million and was performing according to its terms. There was approximately $165,000 in multifamily loans that were considered nonperforming at December 31, 2001.
LOANS SECURED BY NONRESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE. Home Savings originates loans secured by nonresidential real estate. Home Savings' nonresidential real estate loans have adjustable rates, terms of up to 25 years and generally LTVs of up to 80%. Among the properties securing Home Savings' nonresidential real estate loans are shopping centers, hotels, motels and freezer warehouses. The majority of such properties are located within Home Savings' primary lending area. Home Savings has been involved for over 20 years in freezer warehouse financing through a Youngstown area real estate developer who specializes in the construction of freezer facilities.
Nonresidential real estate lending is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than residential lending due to the relatively larger loan amounts and the effects of general economic conditions on the successful operation of income-producing properties. Home Savings has endeavored to reduce such risk by evaluating the credit history of the borrower, the location of the real estate, the financial condition of the borrower, the quality and characteristics of the income stream generated by the property and the appraisals supporting the property's valuation. At December 31, 2001, Home Savings' largest loan secured by nonresidential real estate had a balance of $6.9 million and was performing according to its terms.
At December 31, 2001, approximately $153.4 million, or 10.2%, of Home Savings' total loans were secured by mortgages on nonresidential real estate, of which $610,000 was considered nonperforming at December 31, 2001.
CONSTRUCTION LOANS. Home Savings makes loans for the construction of one- to four-family residences, multifamily properties and nonresidential real estate projects. Residential construction loans are made to both owner-occupants and to builders on a speculative (unsold) basis. Construction loans to owner-occupants are structured as permanent loans with fixed or adjustable rates of interest and terms of up to 30 years. During the first year, while the residence is being constructed, the borrower is required to pay interest only. Construction loans for one- to four-family residences have LTVs of up to 95%, and construction loans for commercial, multifamily and nonresidential properties have LTVs of up to 75%, with the value of the land included as part of the owner's equity. At December 31, 2001, Home Savings had approximately $142.7 million, or 9.5% of its total loans, invested in construction loans, including $115.8 million in one- to four-family residential construction and approximately $26.9 in multifamily and nonresidential construction loans.
Approximately 30% of Home Savings' construction loans to builders are made for homes for which the builder does not have a contract with a buyer. Home Savings, however, generally limits speculative loans to builders with whom Home Savings has a long-standing relationship and limits the number of outstanding loans on unsold homes under construction within a specific area.
Construction loans generally involve greater underwriting and default risks than do loans secured by mortgages on existing properties because construction loans are more difficult to appraise and to monitor. Loan funds are advanced upon the security of the project under construction. In the event a default on a construction loan occurs and foreclosure follows,
Home Savings must take control of the project and attempt either to arrange for completion of construction or dispose of the unfinished project.
Nonperforming construction loans at December 31, 2001 amounted to $3.4 million.
Home Savings also originates a limited number of loans secured by vacant land for the construction of single-family houses. Home Savings' land loans are generally fixed-rate loans for terms up to five years and require a LTV of 75% or less. At December 31, 2001, approximately $11.4 million, or 0.8%, of Home Savings' total loans were secured by land loans made to individuals intending to construct and occupy single-family residences on the properties.
COMMERCIAL LOANS. Home Savings makes commercial loans to businesses in its primary market area, including traditional lines of credit, revolving lines of credit, term loans and acquisition and development loans. The LTV ratios for commercial loans depend upon the nature of the underlying collateral, but generally commercial loans are made with LTVs of 50 to 85% and have adjustable interest rates. Lines of credit and revolving credits are generally priced on a floating rate basis, which is tied to the prime rate or U.S. Treasury bill rate. Term and time loans are usually adjustable, but can have fixed rates of interest, and have terms of one to five years.
At December 31, 2001, Home Savings had approximately $39.2 million, or 2.6% of total loans, invested in commercial loans. The majority of these loans are secured by a security interest in inventory, accounts receivable, machinery, investment property, vehicles or other assets of the borrower. Home Savings also originates unsecured commercial loans including lines of credit for periods of less than 12 months, short-term loans and, occasionally, term loans for periods of up to 36 months. These loans are underwritten based on the creditworthiness of the borrowers and the guarantors. As a result of the addition of experienced loan personnel and the implementation of enhanced underwriting procedures, Home Savings intends to increase its unsecured commercial loan volume in the future.
Commercial loans are generally deemed to entail significantly greater risk than real estate lending. The repayment of commercial loans is typically dependent on the income stream and successful operation of a business, which can be affected by economic conditions. The collateral for commercial loans, if any, often consists of rapidly depreciating assets.
Nonperforming commercial loans at December 31, 2001 amounted to $469,000.
CONSUMER LOANS. Home Savings originates various types of consumer loans, including home equity loans, education loans, loans secured by savings accounts, vehicle loans and unsecured loans. Consumer loans are made at fixed and adjustable rates of interest and for varying terms based on the type of loan. Consumer loans secured by a deposit or savings account are made for up to 100% of the principal balance of the account and generally have adjustable rates, which adjust based on the weekly average yield on U.S. Treasury securities plus a margin.
For new automobiles, loans are originated for up to 100% of the MSRP value of the car with terms of up to 66 months, and for used automobiles, loans are made for up to the average trade value of the car model and a term of up to five years. All automobile loans are originated indirectly by approved auto dealerships. At December 31, 2001, automobile loans amounted to $21.7 million, or 19.6 %, of Home Savings' consumer loan portfolio.
Home Savings makes closed-end home equity loans in an amount which, when added to the prior indebtedness secured by the real estate, does not exceed 90% of the estimated value of the real estate. Home equity loans are typically secured by a second mortgage on the real estate. Home Savings frequently holds the first mortgage, although Home Savings will make home equity loans in cases where another lender holds the first mortgage. Home Savings also offers home equity loans with a line of credit feature. Home equity loans are made with adjustable and fixed rates of interest. Fixed-rate home equity loans have terms of ten years but can be called after five years. Rate adjustments on adjustable home equity loans are determined by adding a 3.0% margin for loans on one- to four-family residences of up to 80% LTV or by adding a 4.0% margin for loans on one- to four-family residences of up to 90% LTV to the one-year U.S. Treasury index. At December 31, 2001, approximately $48.7 million, or 43.9%, of Home Savings' consumer loan portfolio consisted of home equity loans.
Consumer loans may entail greater credit risk than do residential mortgage loans. The risk of default on consumer loans increases during periods of recession, high unemployment, and other adverse economic conditions. Although Home Savings has not had significant delinquencies on consumer loans, no assurance can be provided that delinquencies will not
increase. Nonperforming consumer loans as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans amounted to 0.39%, 0.79% and 0.31% at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
At December 31, 2001, Home Savings had approximately $110.7 million, or 7.4% of its total loans, invested in consumer loans. Home Savings anticipates a moderate increase in its consumer loan portfolio in the future as a result of increased cross-selling efforts to existing customers.
LOAN SOLICITATION AND PROCESSING. The lending activities of Home Savings are subject to the written, non-discriminatory underwriting standards and loan origination procedures approved by Home Savings' Board of Directors (Board). Loan originations are generally obtained from existing customers and members of the local community and from referrals by real estate brokers, lawyers, accountants, and current and former customers. Home Savings also advertises in the local print media, radio and television.
Each of Home Savings' 29 offices and 4 loan production offices have loan personnel who can accept loan applications, which are then forwarded to Home Savings' Underwriting Department for processing and approval. In underwriting real estate loans, Home Savings typically obtains a credit report, verification of employment and other documentation concerning the creditworthiness of the borrower. An appraisal of the fair market value of the real estate that will be given as security for the loan is prepared by one of Home Savings' in-house licensed appraisers or an approved fee appraiser. For certain large nonresidential real estate loans, the appraisal will be conducted by an outside fee appraiser whose report is reviewed by Home Savings' chief appraiser. Upon the completion of the appraisal and the receipt of information on the credit history of the borrower, the application for a loan is submitted for review to the appropriate persons. Commercial, residential and nonresidential real estate loans up to $1.0 million may be approved by an authorized executive officer. Loan requests of $1.0 million to $15.0 million require the approval of the Loan Committee. All loans of $15.0 million or more require approval by three executive officers and a majority of the Board of Directors.
Borrowers are required to carry satisfactory fire and casualty insurance and flood insurance, if applicable, and to name Home Savings as an insured mortgagee. Home Savings generally obtains an attorney's opinion of title, although title insurance may be obtained on larger nonresidential real estate loans.
The procedure for approval of construction loans is the same as for permanent real estate loans, except that an appraiser evaluates the building plans, construction specifications and estimates of construction costs. Home Savings also evaluates the feasibility of the proposed construction project and the experience and record of the builder. Once approved, the construction loan is disbursed in installments based upon periodic inspections of construction progress.
Consumer loans are underwritten on the basis of the borrower's credit history and an analysis of the borrower's income and expenses, ability to repay the loan, and the value of the collateral, if any.
LOAN ORIGINATIONS AND PURCHASES AND SALE OF MORTGAGE LOANS. Historically, Home Savings has originated substantially all of the loans in its portfolio and has held them until maturity. Nevertheless, Home Savings' residential loans are generally made on terms and conditions and documentation which conform to the secondary market guidelines for sale to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Company (FHLMC) and other institutional investors in the secondary market. Education loans are sold, once the borrower leaves school, to the Student Loan Marketing Association. Home Savings does not originate first mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Authority or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration, but it has purchased such loans as well as participation interests in such loans.
During 2001, Home Savings became active in the secondary market. In October, 2001, $110.9 million in fixed rate one- to- four family residential mortgage loans held in the portfolio were securitized and sold to reduce interest rate risk and provide liquidity. In addition to the $110.9 million securitization and sale of portfolio loans, an additional $57.9 million of mortgages originated during 2001 were sold. Home Savings' loan production offices are expected to provide high levels of salable loans in 2002. Home Savings generally retains servicing on the sale of loans originated in its primary market area and sells loans servicing released on loans originated out of the primary market area.
At December 31, 2001, Home Savings had $46.6 million of outstanding commitments to originate loans and $45.5 million available to borrowers under consumer and commercial lines of credit. At December 31, 2001, Home Savings had $66.0 million in undisbursed funds related to construction loans in process.
LOANS TO ONE BORROWER LIMITS. OTS regulations generally limit the aggregate amount that Home Savings may lend to any one borrower to an amount equal to 15.0% of Home Savings' unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus (Lending Limit Capital). A savings association may lend to one borrower an additional amount not to exceed 10.0% of Home Savings' Lending Limit Capital if the additional amount is fully secured by certain forms of "readily marketable collateral." Real estate is not considered "readily marketable collateral." In applying this limit, the regulations require that loans to certain related or affiliated borrowers be aggregated.
Based on such limits, Home Savings could lend approximately $26.7 million to one borrower at December 31, 2001. The largest amount Home Savings had outstanding to one borrower at December 31, 2001, was $11.0 million, which consisted of several loans secured by first mortgages on commercial buildings. At December 31, 2001, these loans were performing in accordance with their terms.
DELINQUENT LOANS, NONPERFORMING ASSETS AND CLASSIFIED ASSETS. Home Savings attempts to maintain a high level of asset quality through sound underwriting policies and aggressive collection practices.
At the beginning of each month, the Collections Department of Home Savings receives a report on all delinquent loans. When a loan payment has not been made by the fifteenth of the month, a late notice is sent and a penalty of up to five percent of the payment due is assessed. Once a loan is 60 days delinquent, a second notice is sent and the Collections Department contacts the borrower by telephone. The Collections Department will generally continue to attempt to bring the loan current through telephone calls or personal visits until the loan has been delinquent 90 to 120 days. If the loan has not been brought current by the 120th day, a member of the Collections Department will present the loan to Home Savings' Pre-Foreclosure Committee which meets weekly. If the Pre-Foreclosure Committee agrees to recommend the commencement of foreclosure proceedings, the loan is presented to the Executive Committee of the Board of Home Savings (Executive Committee) which normally refers the loan to Home Savings' in-house legal staff. A decision as to whether and when to initiate foreclosure proceedings is based on such factors as the amount of the outstanding balance in relation to the original indebtedness, the extent of the delinquency, the borrower's ability and willingness to cooperate in curing the delinquency and any environmental issues that may need to be addressed.
The following table reflects the amount of loans in a delinquent status as of the dates indicated:
Nonperforming assets include nonaccruing loans, restructured loans, real estate acquired by foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu thereof, in-substance foreclosures and repossessed assets.
Loans are reviewed through monthly reports to the Board and weekly reports to senior management and are placed on nonaccrual status when collection in full is considered doubtful by management. Interest accrued and unpaid at the time a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is charged against interest income. Subsequent cash payments are generally applied to interest income unless, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal and interest is doubtful. In those cases, subsequent cash payments are applied to principal.
The following table sets forth information with respect to Home Savings' nonperforming loans and other assets at the dates indicated:
For 2001, approximately $523,000 in interest income would have been recorded had nonaccruing and restructured loans been accruing pursuant to contractual terms. During 2001 interest collected on such loans and included in net income was approximately $412,000.
Nonperforming assets increased approximately $2.8 million, or 28.0%, to $12.9 million at December 31, 2001, from $10.1 million at December 31, 2000. The primary reasons for the increase are the restructuring of a relationship with one borrower, the delinquency of several loans to one borrower, and the acquisition of Industrial in 2001. At December 31, 2001, total nonaccrual and restructured loans accounted for 0.89% of net loans receivable, compared to 1.10% at December 31, 2000. Total nonperforming assets were 0.67% of total assets as of December 31, 2001, a decrease of 0.10% from 0.77% as of December 31, 2000.
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans is classified separately on the balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value as of the date of acquisition. After foreclosure, the loan is written down to the value of the underlying collateral by a charge to the allowance for loan losses, if necessary. Any subsequent write-downs are charged against operating expenses. Operating expenses of such properties, net of related income or loss on disposition, are included in other expenses. At December 31, 2001, the carrying value of real estate acquired in settlement of loans was $477 and consisted of seven single-family properties.
Home Savings classifies its assets in accordance with federal regulations. Problem assets are classified as "special mention," "substandard," "doubtful" or "loss." "Substandard" assets have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that Home Savings will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. "Doubtful" assets have the same weaknesses as "substandard" assets, with the additional characteristics that (i) the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, questionable and (ii) there is a high possibility of loss. An asset classified as "loss" is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as an asset of Home Savings is not warranted. Federal regulations also contain a "special mention" category, consisting of assets which do not currently expose an institution to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant classification but which possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management's close attention.
Home Savings classifies its commercial loans on a periodic basis, not less often than annually, according to a nine-level risk rating system that includes, in addition to the "substandard," "doubtful" and "loss," categories discussed above, further classifications of "prime," "good," "satisfactory," "fair," "watch" and "uncertain."
Commercial loans that are classified "prime," "good," "satisfactory" or "fair" possess levels of risk, if any, which are generally acceptable to Home Savings. A loan which is classified as "uncertain" represents a loan for which there is insufficient current information on the borrower to evaluate the primary source of payment. A loan may only be maintained as "uncertain" for 90 days while additional information is obtained, subject to one 90-day extension by the Commercial Loan Manager or a higher level officer.
The aggregate amounts of Home Savings' classified assets at the dates indicated were as follows:
At December 31, ------------------------- 2001 2000 ---- ----- (In thousands)
Classified assets: Substandard $ 9,515 $ 10,259 Doubtful 100 - Loss 1,517 433 -------- -------- Total classified assets $ 11,132 $ 10,692 ======== ========
Home Savings analyzes each classified asset quarterly to determine whether changes in the classifications are appropriate under the circumstances. Such analysis focuses on a variety of factors, including the amount of, and the reasons for, any delinquency, the use of the real estate securing the loan, the financial condition of the borrower, and the appraised value of the real estate. As such factors change, the classification of the asset will change accordingly.
Home Savings establishes a general allowance for loan losses for any loan classified as special mention, substandard or doubtful. If an asset, or portion thereof, is classified as loss, Home Savings establishes a specific allowance for loss in the amount of 100% of the portion of the asset classified loss or charges off the portion of any real estate loan deemed to be uncollectible.
ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES. Management establishes the allowance for loan losses at a level it believes adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management bases its determination of the adequacy of the allowance upon estimates derived from an analysis of individual credits, prior and current loss experience, loan portfolio delinquency levels, overall growth in the loan portfolio and current economic conditions. Consequently, these estimates are particularly susceptible to changes that could result in a material adjustment to results of operations. The provision for loan losses represents a charge against current earnings in order to maintain the allowance for loan losses at an appropriate level.
In determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan loss, management reviews and evaluates on a quarterly basis the necessity of a reserve for individual loans classified by management. The specifically allocated reserve for a classified loan is determined based on management's estimate of the borrower's ability to repay the loan given the availability of collateral, other sources of cash flow, and legal options available to Home Savings. Once a review is completed, the need for a specific reserve is determined by the Home Savings Asset Review Committee and allocated to the loan. Other loans not specifically reviewed by management are evaluated using the historical charge-off experience ratio calculated by type of loan. The historical charge-off experience ratio factors into account the homogeneous nature of the loans, the geographical lending areas involved, regulatory examination findings, specific grading systems applied and any other known factors which may impact the ratios used. Specific reserves on individual loans and historical ratios are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as necessary based on subsequent collections, loan upgrades or downgrades, nonperforming trends or actual principal charge-off. When evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, consideration is given to geographic concentration and the effect changing economic conditions have on Home Savings.
The following table sets forth an analysis of Home Savings' allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
The following table sets forth the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by category. The allocations are based on management's assessment of the risk characteristics of each of the components of the total loan portfolio and are subject to change as and when the risk factors of each component change. The allocation is not indicative of either the specific amounts or the loan categories in which future charge-offs may be taken, nor should it be taken as an indicator of future loss trends. The allocation of the allowance to each category is not necessarily indicative of future loss in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in any category.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
GENERAL. Investment and mortgage-related securities are classified upon acquisition as available for sale, held to maturity, or trading. Securities classified as available for sale are carried at estimated fair value with the unrealized holding gain or loss, net of taxes, reflected as a component of retained earnings. Securities classified as held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. Securities classified as trading are carried at estimated fair value with the unrealized holding gain or loss reflected as a component of income. United Community, Home Savings and Butler Wick recognize premiums and discounts
in interest income over the period to maturity or call by the level yield method and realized gains or losses on the sale of debt securities based on the amortized cost of the specific securities sold.
HOME SAVINGS INVESTMENT ACTIVITY. Federal regulations and Ohio law permit Home Savings to invest in various types of marketable securities, including interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions, federal funds, U.S. Treasury and agency obligations, mortgage-related securities, and certain other specified investments. The Board has adopted an investment policy which authorizes management to make investments in U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. Federal agency and federally-sponsored corporation obligations, mortgage-related securities issued or sponsored by Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), FHLMC, Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), as well as private issuers, investment-grade municipal obligations, creditworthy, unrated securities issued by municipalities in which an office of Home Savings is located, investment-grade corporate debt securities, investment-grade asset-backed securities, certificates of deposit that are fully-insured by the FDIC, bankers' acceptances, federal funds and money market funds. Home Savings' investment policy is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity within regulatory guidelines, to maintain a balance of high quality investments to minimize risk, and to maximize return without sacrificing liquidity and safety. The investment activities of Home Savings are supervised by Home Savings' Investment Committee and investment purchases are monitored weekly by the Executive Committee.
Home Savings maintains a significant portfolio of mortgage-related securities and CMOs, which are rated the highest credit quality by a nationally recognized rating agency. Mortgage-related securities are issued by FNMA, GNMA and FHLMC. Mortgage-related securities generally entitle Home Savings to receive a portion of the cash flows from an identified pool of mortgages. GNMA securities, FNMA securities and a majority of Home Savings' FHLMC securities are guaranteed by the issuing agency as to timely payment of principal and interest. The balance of Home Savings' FHLMC securities are guaranteed as to timely payment of interest and eventual payment of principal. The CMOs are a type of debt security issued by a special-purpose entity that aggregrates pools of mortgages and mortgage-related securities and creates different classes of securities with varying maturities and amortization schedules, as well as a residual interest, with each class possessing different risk characteristics. The cash flows from the underlying collateral are generally divided into tranches or classes which have descending priorities with respect to the distribution of principal and interest repayment of the underlying mortgages, as opposed to pass through mortgage-related securities where cash flows are distributed pro rata to all security holders. In contrast to mortgage-related securities from which cash flow is received (and hence, prepayment risk is shared) pro rata by all securities holders, the cash flow from the mortgages or mortgage-related securities underlying CMOs is paid in accordance with predetermined priority to investors holding various tranches of such securities or obligations. A particular tranche of CMOs may therefore carry prepayment risk that differs from that of both the underlying collateral and other tranches. Accordingly, CMOs attempt to moderate risks associated with conventional mortgage-related securities resulting from unexpected prepayment activity.
Home Savings is exposed to prepayment risk and reinvestment risk to the extent that actual prepayments will differ from those estimated in pricing the security, which may result in adjustments to the net yield on such securities. Mortgage-related securities enable Home Savings to generate positive interest rate spreads with minimal administrative expense and reduce credit risk due to either guarantees provided by the issuer or the high credit rating by the rating agency. Mortgage-related securities classified as available for sale also provide Home Savings with an additional source of liquid funds. Home Savings also invests in investment grade corporate notes which mature within three years or less. The notes, which include debentures and collateralized notes, generally provide a spread above the risk-free rate afforded by comparable maturity U.S. Treasury securities.
BUTLER WICK INVESTMENT ACTIVITY. Butler Wick holds securities in three subsidiaries, Butler Wick & Co., Inc., Butler Wick Trust Company and Butler Wick Asset Management. Butler Wick & Co., Inc. invests in municipal securities and to a lesser extent government agency securities for sale to clients. These securities are held as available for sale. Butler Wick & Co., Inc. does not make markets in equity securities.
In order to qualify as a fiduciary in both the State of Ohio and in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Butler Wick Trust Company deposited United States Government obligations having a principal value of $100,000 with the Federal Reserve Bank for each state of incorporation. In addition to these deposits, U.S. Government obligations are owned by Butler Wick Trust Company. All of these securities are classified as held to maturity.
UNITED COMMUNITY INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES. Funds maintained by United Community for general corporate purposes, including possible acquisitions, are invested in investment grade corporate notes, federally-sponsored corporate
obligations, and equity securities. In addition, United Community invests in Eurodollars, which is a short-term investment. These types of investments provide a great deal of liquidity and flexibility.
The maturities of United Community's consolidated available for sale and held to maturity marketable securities at December 31, 2001, excluding FHLB stock, and equity securities, are indicated in the following table:
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of United Community's consolidated available for sale and held to maturity marketable securities, FHLB stock, and mortgage-related securities at the dates indicated.
SOURCES OF FUNDS
GENERAL. Deposits have traditionally been the primary source of Home Savings' funds for use in lending and other investment activities. In addition to deposits, Home Savings derives funds from interest payments and principal repayments on loans and income on other earning assets. Loan payments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows fluctuate in response to general interest rates and money market conditions. Home Savings may also borrow from the FHLB, as well as other suitable lenders, as a source of funds.
DEPOSITS. Deposits are attracted principally from within Home Savings' primary market area through the offering of a selection of deposit instruments, including regular passbook savings accounts, demand deposits, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), NOW accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit. Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees, and withdrawal penalties for the various types of accounts are monitored weekly by the Executive Committee. Home Savings does not use brokers to attract deposits. The amount of deposits from outside Home Savings' primary market area is not significant.
The following table sets forth the dollar amount of deposits in the various types of accounts offered by Home Savings at the dates indicated:
Total deposits increased by $483.0 million, or 53.6%, from December 31, 2000, to December 31, 2001.
The following table shows rate and maturity information for Home Savings' certificates of deposit at December 31, 2001:
At December 31, 2001, approximately $540.9 million of Home Savings' certificates of deposit mature within one year. Based on past experience and Home Savings' prevailing pricing strategies, management believes that a substantial percentage of such certificates will be renewed with Home Savings at maturity. If, however, Home Savings is unable to renew the maturing certificates for any reason, borrowings of up to $528.0 million are available from the FHLB of Cincinnati.
The following table presents the amount of Home Savings' certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more by the time remaining until maturity at December 31, 2001:
Maturity Amount -------- ------ (In thousands)
Three months or less $32,987 Over 3 months to 6 months 20,492 Over 6 months to 12 months 59,432 Over 12 months 52,917 -----------
Total $ 165,828 ===========
Based on past experience, management believes that a substantial percentage of the above certificates will be renewed with Home Savings at maturity.
The following table sets forth Home Savings' deposit account balance activity for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31, 2001 2000 ----------- ------------ (Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance $ 900,413 $ 834,087 Net increase in deposits 434,233 32,301 ----------- --------- Net deposits before interest credited 1,334,646 866,388 Interest credited 48,772 34,025 ----------- --------- Ending balance $ 1,383,418 $ 900,413 =========== =========
Net increase $ 483,005 $ 66,326 =========== =========
Percent increase 53.64% 7.95%
BORROWINGS. The FHLB system functions as a central reserve bank providing credit for its member institutions and certain other financial institutions. As a member in good standing of the FHLB of Cincinnati, Home Savings is authorized to apply for advances, provided certain standards of creditworthiness have been met. Under current regulations, an association must meet certain qualifications to be eligible for FHLB advances. The extent to which an association is eligible for such advances will depend upon whether it meets the Qualified Thrift Lender (QTL) test. If an association meets the QTL test, the association will be eligible for 100% of the advances it would otherwise be eligible to receive. If an association does not meet the QTL test, the association will be eligible for such advances only to the extent it holds specified QTL test assets. At December 31, 2001, Home Savings was in compliance with the QTL test. Home Savings may borrow up to $528.0 million from the FHLB, and had $228.0 million outstanding advances at December 31, 2001.
Butler Wick borrows on a secured basis to fund client receivables. Short-term bank loans bear interest at the federal funds rate plus 1% and are payable on demand. The loans are fully collateralized by marketable securities from both customers' margin accounts and securities owned by Butler Wick. Short-term borrowings also take the form of securities loaned to other broker/dealers. Short-term borrowings are available to Butler Wick to the extent of the loan value of the marketable securities.
COMPETITION
Home Savings faces competition for deposits and loans from other savings and loan associations, credit unions, banks and mortgage originators in Home Savings' primary market area. The primary factors in competition for deposits are customer service, convenience of office location and interest rates. Home Savings competes for loan originations primarily through the interest rates and loan fees it charges and through the efficiency and quality of services it provides to borrowers. Competition is affected by, among other things, the general availability of lendable funds, general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels and other factors which are not readily predictable.
Butler Wick offers retail brokerage, asset management, and trust services to clients primarily in northeastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania. In each of these businesses Butler Wick competes with both regional and national firms. As a full service broker, Butler Wick competes based on personal service rather than price. Butler Wick Asset Management Company and Butler Wick Trust Company are the only such locally owned and managed financial services providers.
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 2001, Home Savings and Butler Wick had 553 and 170 full-time equivalent employees, respectively. Home Savings and Butler Wick believe that relations with their employees are good. Home Savings offers health, life and disability benefits to all employees, a 401(k) plan and an employee stock ownership plan for its eligible employees. Home Savings had a defined benefit pension plan, which was terminated effective July 31, 1999. Home Savings offered a post-retirement health plan for its eligible employees. The benefits of this plan were curtailed in 2000. Butler Wick offers health, life and disability benefits to all employees, a 401(k) plan, a profit sharing plan and a retention plan for
its eligible employees. None of the employees of Home Savings or Butler Wick are represented by a collective bargaining unit.
REGULATION
United Community is a unitary savings and loan holding company within the meaning of the Home Owners Loan Act, as amended (HOLA), and is subject to regulation, examination, and oversight by the OTS, although there are generally no restrictions on the activities of United Community unless the OTS determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that an activity constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness, or stability of Home Savings. Home Savings is subject to regulation, examination, and oversight by the OTS, the Division and the FDIC, and is also subject to certain provisions of the Federal Reserve Act. Butler Wick is subject to regulation by the SEC and NASD Regulation, Inc. United Community, Home Savings and Butler Wick are also subject to the provisions of the Ohio Revised Code applicable to corporations generally, including laws which restrict takeover bids, tender offers and control-share acquisitions involving public companies which have significant ties to Ohio.
The OTS, the FDIC, the Division, the SEC and the NASD each have various powers to initiate supervisory measures or formal enforcement actions if United Community or the subsidiary they regulate does not comply with applicable regulations. If the grounds provided by law exist, the OTS, the FDIC or the Division may place Home Savings in conservatorship or receivership. Home Savings is also subject to regulatory oversight under various consumer protection and fair lending laws which govern, among other things, truth-in-lending disclosures, equal credit opportunity, fair credit reporting and community reinvestment. Failure to abide by federal laws and regulations governing community reinvestment could limit the ability of Home Savings to open a new branch or engage in a merger.
Federal law prohibits Home Savings from making a capital distribution to anyone or paying management fees to any person having control of Home Savings if, after such distribution or payment, Home Savings would be undercapitalized. In addition, Home Savings may not pay any dividends if, as a result, its net worth would be reduced below the amount required to be maintained for the liquidation account established in connection with its mutual to stock conversion. Home Savings must file an application with, and obtain approval from, the OTS (i) if the proposed distribution would cause total distributions for the calendar year to exceed net income for that year to date plus Home Savings' retained net income for that year to date plus the retained net income for the preceding two years; (ii) if Home Savings would not be at least adequately capitalized following the capital distribution; (iii) if the proposed distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any applicable statute, regulation or agreement between Home Savings and the OTS or the FDIC, or any condition imposed on Home Savings in an OTS-approved application or notice. If Home Savings is not required to file an application, it must file a notice of the proposed capital distribution with the OTS. Home Savings did not pay any dividends to United Community in 2001. In January, 2000, Home Savings paid a dividend to United Community of $158.0 million, which was used to pay a portion of a $185.0 million loan related to the $6.00 per share special capital distribution in 1999.
Loans by Home Savings to executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders and their related interests must conform to the lending limit on loans to one borrower, and the total of such loans to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and their related interests cannot exceed specified limits. Most loans to directors, executive officers, and principal shareholders must be approved in advance by a majority of the "disinterested" members of the Board with any "interested" director not participating. All loans to directors, executive officers, and principal shareholders must be made on terms substantially the same as offered in comparable transactions with the general public or as offered to all employees in a company-wide benefit program, and loans to executive officers are subject to additional limitations. All other transactions between Home Savings and its affiliates must comply with Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act (FRA). United Community and Butler Wick are affiliates of Home Savings for this purpose.
Under federal law and regulations, no person, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with others, may acquire control of Home Savings or United Community without 60 days' prior notice to the OTS. "Control" is generally defined as having more than 25% ownership or voting power; however, ownership or voting power of more than 10% may be deemed "control" if certain factors are in place. If the acquisition of control is by a company, the acquiror must obtain approval, rather than give notice, of the acquisition as a savings and loan holding company. In addition, any merger of Home Savings must be approved by the OTS as well as the Division. Further, any merger of United Community in which United Community is not the resulting company must also be approved by both the OTS and the Division.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
The following table sets forth certain information at December 31, 2001, regarding the properties on which the main office, the branch offices and the loan production offices of Home Savings are located:
(1) Office facility of appraisal staff. (2) Drive-up facility only. (3) Book value and deposit totals are combined for the two Norwalk offices.
The following table sets forth certain information at December 31, 2001, regarding the properties on which the main office and the branch offices of Butler Wick are located: Owned or Year Location Leased opened - -------- ------ ------
City Center One Bldg., Suite 700 Leased 1926 Youngstown, OH 44503
960 W. State Street Leased 1959 Alliance, OH 44601
1284 Liberty Street Leased 1932 Franklin, PA 16322
1 E. State Street Leased 1932 Sharon, PA 16146
25651 Detroit Road Leased 1990 Cleveland, OH 44145
3685 Stutz Drive, Suite 201 Leased 1999 Canfield, OH 44406
149 N Water Street Leased 1981 Kent, OH 44240
Howland Professional Centre Leased 1932 425 Niles-Cortland Road SE Bldg. A, Suite 201 Warren, Ohio
Howland Professional Centre Leased 2000 425 Niles-Cortland Road SE Bldg. A, Suite 202 Warren, Ohio
4522 Fulton Drive NW Leased 1990 Canton, OH 44718
100 S. Broadway, 2nd Floor Leased 1956 Salem, OH 44460
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
United Community is not presently involved in any material legal proceedings. From time to time, United Community is a party to legal proceedings incidental to its business to enforce its security interest in collateral pledged to secure loans made by Home Savings and incidental to its securities business offered by Butler Wick.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
The information contained in the 2001 Annual Report to Shareholders of United Community (Annual Report) under the caption "Market Price and Dividends" is incorporated herein by reference and attached hereto as part of Exhibit 13.
As of March 19, 2002, there were approximately 14,022 registered holders of United Community stock.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The information contained in the Annual Report under the caption "Selected Financial Data and Other Data" is incorporated herein by reference and attached hereto as part of Exhibit 13.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information contained in the Annual Report under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" is incorporated herein by reference and attached hereto as part of Exhibit 13.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information contained in the Annual Report under the caption "Asset and Liability Management and Market Risk" is incorporated herein by reference and attached hereto as part of Exhibit 13.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
The Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in the Annual Report and the report of Crowe Chizek and Company LLP dated February 8, 2002, are incorporated herein by reference and attached hereto as part of Exhibit 13.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information contained in the Proxy Statement for the 2002 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of United Community (Proxy Statement), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (Commission) on March 26, 2002, under the captions "Proposal One - Election of Directors" and "Executive Officers," is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors - Certain Transactions" is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Voting Securities and Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors" is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) EXHIBITS
3.1 Articles of Incorporation
3.2 Amended Code of Regulations
10 Material Contracts
11 Statement Regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings
13 Portions of the 2001 Annual Report to Shareholders
16 Letter regarding change in certifying accountants
20 Proxy Statement for 2002 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
21 Subsidiaries of Registrant
23.1 Crowe, Chizek and Company LLP Consent
23.2 Deloitte and Touche LLP Consent
99 Independent Auditors' Report from Deloitte and Touche LLP
(b) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(c) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K. On October 17, 2001 form 8-K was filed for Item 5, Other Events, providing the third quarter financial information news release.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
UNITED COMMUNITY FINANCIAL CORP.
By: /S/ Douglas M. McKay ------------------------------ Douglas M. McKay, President (Duly Authorized Representative)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.