korean patent application nos . 2002 - 65647 and 2003 - 40461 , filed oct . 26 , 2002 and jun . 21 , 2003 , respectively , an entitled “ methods of laminating and patterning carbon nanotubes using chemical self - assembly process ,” are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety . in a first embodiment of the present invention , there is provided a method for preparing a carbon nanotube pattern by forming a positive pattern on a substrate using a photolithographic process , and reacting carboxylated carbon nanotubes thereto in the presence of a coupling agent . the method according to the first embodiment will now be explained in more detail . examples of the substrate material usable in the present invention include , but are not limited to , glass , silicon wafers , plastics , etc . the surface of the substrate is treated with aminoalkylalkoxysilane and aminoarylalkoxysilane compounds , etc ., so that amino groups of these compounds are exposed on the surface of the substrate . as a material for treating the substrate surface , an aminopropylalkoxysilane or aminophenylalkoxysilane compound is preferred , and an aminopropyltriethoxysilane compound is more preferred . the surface treatment of the substrate may be carried out by coating the surface - treating material onto the surface of the substrate using a spin coating , a dip coating , a spray coating , a flow coating or a screen printing process , and thereafter drying the substrate under vacuum or inert atmosphere at 10 to 150 ° c . more preferably , a dip coating is used . the amino groups exposed on the substrate are bonded to carboxyl groups of a linker having an appropriate number of carbon atoms in the presence of a coupling agent to form amide bonds . as the linker , an aminoalkylcarboxylic acid of which the amino group is protected with an acid - labile group is used . the aminoalkycarboxylic acid is represented by the following formula 1 : wherein r is an acid - labile group , and n is an integer of 1 to 50 . examples of the group r include , but is not limited to , t - butoxycarbonyl group , trimethylsilyloxycarbonyl group , and — chr 1 — o — r 2 , in which r 1 is a hydrogen , a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms , or an organic aromatic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms , and r 2 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms , or an organic aromatic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms , and r 1 and r 2 are capable of being bonded to each other to form a cyclic compound . preferred examples of the group r include those represented by the following formula 2 : the coupling agent which is added when attaching the linker to the substrate , is specifically at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1 , 3 - dicyclohexylcarbodiimide , 1 - ethyl - 3 ( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl )- carbodiimide , benzotriazol - 1 - yloxytris ( dimethylamino ) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate and o -( 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl )- n , n , n ′, n ′- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate . among these compounds , o -( 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl )- n , n , n ′, n ′- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate is particularly preferred . for further promoting the attachment of the linker to the substrate ( coupling reaction ), an alkyl or aryl amine compound , can be used together with the coupling agent as a catalyst . preferably , n , n - diisopropylethylamine is used . the attachment of the linker to the substrate is carried out , for example , by immersing a surface - treated substrate in a solution dissolving the linker in 1 to 500 mm and the coupling agent in 1 to 500 mm , and stirring the solution at 10 to 100 ° c . for a sufficient time , preferably 0 . 5 to 15 hours . as the solvent , n - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone ( nmp ), dimethylacetamide ( dmac ), dimethylformamide ( dmf ), cyclohexanone , etc ., can be used , but the present invention is not limited to this range . a photo - acid generator is applied onto the surface of the substrate to which the acid - labile groups are attached . the substrate is then subjected to a pre - baking process to evaporate the solvent and to form a layer on the substrate . uv light is irradiated onto the substrate through a patterned photomask . the exposure energy is preferably about 50 to 1000 mj / cm 2 . after exposure , a post - exposure baking process is carried out at about 100 ° c . for about 30 to 300 seconds . by these processes , photo - acid is generated in an exposed region and the protecting groups are separated from the linker . when developing with an alkaline developer , the photo - acid generator and the acid - labile groups in the exposed region are removed to form a desired pattern on the substrate . after developing , the formed pattern is cleaned with distilled water or an organic solvent , and dried to obtain a positive pattern on which reactive amino groups are exposed . examples of photo - acid generators used during formation of the pattern include , but is not limited to , ionic photo - acid generators such as ph 2 i + asf 6 − , ph 2 i + pf 6 − , ph 2 i + toso − , ph 3 s + sbf 6 − , ph 3 s + toso − , ph 3 s + tfo − , ro — c 6 h 4 — n 2 + sbf 6 − and diphenyl iodonium salts of an aromatic sulfonic acid having a hydroxyl group , represented by the following formula 3 : wherein r 3 , r 4 and r 5 are each independently an alkyl group , an alkoxy group or a hydroxyl group , and ar 1 , ar 2 and ar 3 are each independently a phenyl group , a naphthalenyl group or an anthracenyl group . further examples of photo - acid generators used during formation of the pattern include , but is not limited to , non - ionic photo - acid generators such as dnq ( diazonaphthoquinone ) compounds represented by the following formula 4 : wherein q 1 and q 2 are each independently a monovalent or higher alkyl group or aryl group , and g and h are each independently an integer of at least 1 , and wherein r 6 is an alkyl group or aryl group which may contain at least one heteroatom , and j is an integer of 1 to 3 ; and the polymeric photo - acid generators are polymers having a molecular weight of 500 to 1 , 000 , 000 , and contain sulfonium or iodonium salts in their main chain or side chains or organic photo - acid generating groups in their side chains , whereby a photo - acid is generated when irradiated . in the present invention , the photo - acid generators may be used either alone or in combination . in the developing process , the alkaline developer is preferred because it is economical and environmentally friendly compared to organic solvents . preferred examples of the alkaline developer include , but is not limited to , aqueous quatemary ammonium hydroxide solutions such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide ( tmah ), and aqueous amine - based solutions , such as ethanolamine . among them , an aqueous tmah solution ( 2 . 38 %) is most widely used . the positive pattern of reactive amine groups formed on the substrate is reacted with carboxylated carbon nanotubes in the presence of the coupling agent , to form a patterned carbon nanotube monolayer on the substrate . the carbon nanotubes used herein are not particularly limited , insofar as they do not detract from the features of the present invention . for example , commercially available products may be used . also , the carbon nanotubes are not limited by their production process such as arc discharge , laser ablation , hot - filament plasma chemical vapor deposition , microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition , thermochemical vapor deposition , pyrosis processes , etc . since the carbon nanotubes fabricated by any one of these processes include impurities , for example , carbon - containing materials such as amorphous carbons , fullerenes , graphite , etc ., and transition metals such as nickel ( ni ), iron ( fe ), etc ., used as catalysts for carbon nanotube growth , additional processes are required to remove the impurities . for example , after the carbon nanotubes are refluxed in an hno 3 aqueous solution ( 2 to 3m ) for about 48 hours , the resulting mixture is centrifuged at about 2000 rpm for about 30 minutes to separate precipitates and a supernatant of acid solution . the supernatant is removed , and the precipitates are dispersed in distilled water , centrifuged , and separated from a supernatant . these series of processes are repeated three or more times . then the finally obtained precipitates are dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant and the dispersion is adjusted to a ph of 10 or higher using sodium hydroxide ( naoh ). after the resulting mixture is subjected to a sonication process for about 10 hours , an excess of hydrochloric acid ( hcl ) is added to precipitate single wall carbon nanotubes ( swnt ). subsequently , the solution is centrifuged to remove an aqueous acid solution from the precipitated slurry . the slurry is passed through a membrane filter with a pore size of 1 μm to obtain purified single wall carbon nanotubes . in addition to the process discussed above , the carbon nanotubes can be purified by any known process . in order to apply the carbon nanotubes purified in the above to the method of the present invention , the carbon nanotubes should be chemically cut and carboxylated on the surface and both ends of the carbon nanotubes . as an example of cutting the carbon nanotubes , the carbon nanotubes are sonicated in an acidic mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid ( 3 : 1 ratio ) for about 24 hours to chemically oxidize them , and then centrifuged . in addition to the process discussed above , the carbon nanotubes can be cut by previously known processes . the coupling agent for bonding the carboxylated carbon nanotubes to the reactive amino groups exposed on the substrate is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1 , 3 - dicyclohexylcarbodiimide , 1 - ethyl - 3 ( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl )- carbodiimide , benzotriazol - 1 - yloxytris ( dimethylamino ) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate and o -( 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl )- n , n , n ′, n ′- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate . among these compounds , o -( 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl )- n , n , n ′, n ′- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate is particularly preferred . for promoting the coupling reaction , an alkyl or aryl amine compound can be used together with the coupling agent . preferably , n , n - diisopropylethylamine is used . the reaction of the carboxylated carbon nanotubes with the reactive amino groups exposed on the substrate is carried out , for example , by mixing the coupling agent ( 1 to 500 mm ) with a dispersion liquid containing 0 . 00001 to 1 % by weight of the carboxylated carbon nanotubes , immersing the substrate in the mixture , continuing a reaction at 10 to 100 ° c . for 0 . 5 to 15 hours , and washing the substrate . examples of the solvent which may be used in this process include , but is not limited to , n - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone ( nmp ), dimethylacetamide ( dmac ), dimethylformamide ( dmf ), cyclohexanone , etc . in a second embodiment , there is provided a method for forming a high - density carbon nanotube pattern in a multilayer structure on the carbon nanotube pattern prepared by the first embodiment . the method according to the second embodiment will now be explained in further detail . first , a diamine compound is reacted with the carbon nanotube pattern formed in the first embodiment , to laminate an organic monolayer of the diamine compound on the surface of the carbon nanotube layer . this lamination converts carboxyl groups on the surface of the carbon nanotube layer to amino groups . examples of the diamine compounds include , but is not limited to , aromatic diamine compounds such as 1 , 3 - diamino - 4 - dihydroxybenzene , 1 , 3 - diamino - 5 - dihydroxybenzene , 3 , 3 ′- diamino - 4 , 4 ′- dihydroxybiphenyl , 4 , 4 ′- diamino - 3 , 3 ′- dihydroxybiphenyl , 2 , 2 - bis ( 3 - amino - 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) propane , bis ( 4 - amino - 3 - hydroxyphenyl ) sulfone , bis ( 3 - amino - 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) sulfone , bis ( 3 - amino - 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) ether , bis ( 4 - amino - 3 - hydroxyphenyl ) ether , 2 , 2 - bis ( 3 - amino - 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) hexafluoropropane , 2 , 2 - bis ( 4 - amino - 3 - hydroxyphenyl ) hexafluoropropane , m - phenylenediamine , p - phenylenediamine , 4 , 4 ′- diaminediphenylmethane , 4 , 4 ′- diaminediphenylether , 2 , 2 ′- bis ( 4 - aminophenyl ) propane , 4 , 4 ′- diaminophenylsulfone , 3 , 3 ′- 4 , 4 ′- diaminodiphenylsulfone , 4 , 4 ′- diaminodiphenylsulfone , 1 , 4 - bis ( 3 - aminophenoxy ) benzene , 1 , 4 - bis ( 4 - aminophenoxy ) benzene , 1 , 4 - bis ( p - aminophenylsulfonyl ) benzene , 1 , 4 - bis ( m - aminophenylsulfonyl ) benzene , 2 , 2 - bis [ 4 -( 4 - aminophenoxy ) phenyl ] propane , bis [ 4 -( 4 - aminophenoxy ) phenyl ] methane , bis [ 3 , 5 - dimethyl - 4 -( 4 - aminophenoxy ) phenyl ] methane , bis [ 4 -( 4 - aminophenoxy ) phenyl ] sulfone , 2 , 2 ′- bis [ 4 -( 4 - aminophenoxy ) phenyl ] perfluoropropane , etc . ; and alkyl diamine compounds such as n , n - dimethyl - 1 , 3 - propanediamine , 5 - pentanediamine , diethylenetriamine , ( 2 - aminoethyl )- 1 , 3 - propanediamine , 3 , 3 ′- diamino - n - methyldipropylamine , ( 3 - aminopropyl )- 1 , 3 - propanediamine , spermidine , spermidine trihydrochloride , ( hexamethylene ) triamine , 4 , 4 ′- methylene - bis ( cyclohexylamine ), 4 ′- methylene - bis ( 2 - methylcyclohexylamine ), 2 , 2 ′-( ethylenedioxy )- bis - 9 - ethylamine , 9 - dioxa - 1 , 12 - dodecanediamine , 4 , 7 , 10 - trioxa - 1 , 13 - tridecanediamine , 4 - diaminopiperazine hydrochloride , etc . the reaction of the diamine compound with carboxyl groups on the substrate is carried out , for example , by dissolving the diamine compound in 1 to 500m in a solvent , immersing the substrate in the solution at about 60 ° c . for 0 . 5 to 10 hours , and washing the substrate . examples of the solvent which may be used at this process include , but is not limited to , n - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone ( nmp ), dimethylacetamide ( dmac ), dimethylformamide ( dmf ), cyclohexanone , etc . the amino groups on the monolayer of the diamine compound are reacted with additional carboxylated carbon nanotubes in the presence of the coupling agent , to further laminate a carbon nanotube layer on the monolayer of the carbon nanotubes . by repeating these processes of forming a diamine monolayer and subsequently reacting the diamine monolayer with additional carboxylated carbon nanotubes , carbon nanotubes can be laminated layer by layer , and finally a patterned multilayer of carbon nanotubes is formed . in a third embodiment , there is provided a method for forming a carbon nanotube layer by laminating carbon nanotubes on the amine - treated substrate in the presence of the coupling agent using a chemical self - assembly process . according to the method of the third embodiment , adhesion between the carbon nanotubes and the substrate can be improved . the introduction of amino groups into the substrate is carried out in the same manner as in the first embodiment . in the present embodiment , the amino groups on the substrate are directly reacted with carboxylated carbon nanotubes without a photolithographic process , to laminate a carbon nanotube monolayer on the substrate . this lamination of carbon nanotubes is carried out in the same manner as in the first embodiment . at this point , o -( 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl )- n , n , n ′, n ′- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate may be used as a coupling agent , and n , n - diisopropylethylamine may be used as a catalyst for promoting the coupling reaction . the use of the coupling agent improves the adhesion between the carbon nanotube monolayer and the substrate surface , thereby stabilizing the physical properties of the carbon nanotube monolayer . in a fourth embodiment , there is provided a method for forming a multilayer structure of carbon nanotubes on the carbon nanotube monolayer formed in the third embodiment using a chemical self - assembly process . in the present embodiment , formation of a diamine monolayer and reaction of the diamine monolayer with additional carbon nanotubes are repeatedly carried out in the same manner as in the second embodiment , to form a multilayer structure of carbon nanotubes . hereinafter , the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples . however , these examples are given for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention . 5 g of carbon nanotubes were dispersed in 700 ml of hno 3 aqueous solution ( 2 . 6m ) in a 2 l flask equipped with a reflux condenser , and then refluxed at 100 ° c . for 48 hours . the resulting mixture was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 30 minutes to separate precipitates and a supernatant of acid solution . the supernatant was removed . then , the precipitates were dispersed in distilled water , and centrifuged again to remove a supernatant . these series of processes were repeated three times or more . the finally washed precipitates were dispersed in an aqueous solution containing 5 % by weight of triton x - 100 , and the dispersion was adjusted to a ph of 10 or higher using sodium hydroxide ( naoh ). subsequently , the resulting mixture was subjected to a sonication process for 10 hours , and thereafter 10 g of hydrochloric acid ( hcl ) was added to precipitate single wall carbon nanotubes . the solution was centrifuged at 2 , 000 rpm for 30 minutes to separate an aqueous acid solution and the precipitates . the precipitates were passed through a membrane filter with a pore size of 1 μm and dried in a vacuum oven at 40 ° c . for 24 hours to provide purified single wall carbon nanotubes . 1 g of the carbon nanotubes obtained from example 1 was sonicated in 100 ml of an acidic mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid ( 3 : 1 ( v / v )) for 24 hours using a sonicator . the resulting solution was poured into 500 ml of distilled water , passed through a polycarbonate filter with a pore size of 0 . 1 μm , and dried under reduced pressure to fabricate carboxylated carbon nanotubes . a glass substrate was immersed in an alcoholic solution of 0 . 1 % ( v / v ) aminopropyltriethoxysilane , and the alcoholic solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes . the glass substrate was washed by immersing it in ethyl alcohol three times , and dried in a vacuum oven at 120 ° c . for 20 minutes . after the dried glass substrate was held under argon gas atmosphere for 12 hours , it was immersed in dmf and sufficiently washed with dichloromethane . next , 2 mg of the carboxylated carbon nanotubes obtained from example 2 were dispersed in 200 ml of dmf using a sonicator . to the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes , 2 g of n , n - diisopropylethylamine ( hereinafter , referred to as ‘ diea ’) was added dropwise followed by stirring for 10 minutes . subsequently , 50 ml of dmf dissolving 2 . 5 g of o -( 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl )- n , n , n ′, n ′- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate ( hereinafter , referred to as ‘ hatu ’) was added to the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes , followed by stirring for 20 minutes . the glass substrate was vertically immersed in the solution , and the reaction was continued at 60 ° c . for 6 hours . after the glass substrate was taken out of the solution , it was washed three times in a beaker containing 200 ml of dmf , each washing being conducted for 15 minutes . subsequently , the glass substrate was washed three times in a beaker containing 200 ml of methylene chloride , each washing being conducted for 15 minutes . then , the glass substrate was dried at 40 ° c . for 15 minutes to prepare a glass substrate on which the carbon nanotubes were laminated in a monolayer structure . fig1 shows a sem image of the substrate surface on which the carbon nanotubes are laminated once . the sem image confirms that the carbon nanotube monolayer was formed on the glass substrate . the glass substrate on which the carbon nanotube monolayer was formed , prepared in example 3 , was reacted in 200 ml of dmf containing 4 g of diaminophenyl ether at 60 ° c . for 2 hours . after the glass substrate was taken out of the solution , it was washed three times in a beaker containing 200 ml of dmf , each washing being conducted for 15 minutes . subsequently , the glass substrate was washed three times in a beaker containing 200 ml of methylene chloride , each washing being conducted for 15 minutes , to prepare a glass substrate on which diaminophenyl ether was laminated in a monolayer structure on the carbon nanotube monolayer . next , lamination of carbon nanotubes and washings were carried out in the same manner as in example 3 to form a bilayer structure of carbon nanotubes on the substrate . the reaction with diaminophenyl ether and the subsequent washing , and the reaction with carbon nanotubes and the subsequent washing were repeated to form a multilayer structure of carbon nanotubes on the substrate . fig2 to 5 show sem images of substrate surfaces on which carbon nanotubes are laminated twice , three times , six times and nine times , respectively . the electrical resistivity of the substrates was measured using a 4 - point probe at each reaction point . as the number of carbon nanotube layers increased , changes in the thickness of carbon nanotubes on the substrate and the electrical resistivity were measured . the results are shown in fig6 . a glass substrate was immersed in an alcoholic solution of 0 . 1 %( v / v ) aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the alcoholic solution was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes . the glass substrate was immersed in ethyl alcohol three times to wash the substrate , and dried in a vacuum oven at 120 ° c . for 20 minutes . subsequently , the dried glass substrate was held under argon gas atmosphere for 12 hours , and immersed in dmf and then sufficiently washed with dichloromethane . next , 1 , 3 - dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ( hereinafter , referred to as ‘ dcc ’) was added to dmf containing 6 -( butoxycarbonyl - amino ) caproic acid in a concentration of 25 mm , and the glass substrate was immersed therein . the solution was stirred at 40 ° c . for 4 hours . a mixture of 0 . 3 g of diphenyliodonium hexafluroro antimonate as a photo - acid generator and a surfactant was spin - coated onto the glass substrate . after the coated glass substrate was dried at 100 ° c . for 2 minutes , it was exposed to uv light through a patterned photomask by means of a uv exposure equipment ( exposure energy : 300 mj / cm 2 ). after exposure , a post - exposure baking process was carried out at 100 ° c . for 2 minutes , and a pattern was developed using an aqueous tmah solution ( 2 . 38 %). the developed glass substrate was washed with ethanol , and dried at 40 ° c . for 15 minutes to form a patterned substrate . carbon nanotubes were laminated on the patterned substrate and washed in the same manner as in example 3 , to form a patterned carbon nanotube layer . next , the reaction with diaminophenyl ether and the subsequent washing , and the reaction with carbon nanotubes and the subsequent washing were repeated twice in the same manner as in example 4 , and the obtained glass substrate was dried in a vacuum oven at 40 ° c . for 15 minutes to form a carbon nanotube pattern in trilayer structure on the glass substrate . fig7 a and 7 b are optical microscopic images , and fig7 c is a sem image of the carbon nanotube pattern thus formed . a pattern is formed on squares having an area of 80 × 80 μm 2 ( square ), by forming a line / space pattern having a line width of 1 to 4 μm . the carbon nanotubes were laminated five times on the respective patterns in the same manner as described above to form carbon nanotube patterns of multilayer structure . fig8 shows a sem image of the pattern in which squares having an area of 80 × 80 μm 2 ( square ) were arranged . fig9 shows a sem image of the line / space patterns having a line width of 1 to 4 μm . preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed herein and , although specific terms are employed , they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation . accordingly , it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims .