for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention , reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same . it will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended , and that it includes such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated device , and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates . referring to fig1 there is illustrated a two - way business - band transceiver 20 which includes the necessary transceiver circuitry as well as frequency - synthesizing means . the mechanical package of transceiver 20 includes an internal chassis 21 which is surrounded and encased by enclosure 22 . enclosure 22 includes a main body portion 23 and a control head portion 24 which is detachably secured to internal chassis 21 by means of two threaded fasteners 25 located on each side of control head portion 24 . by first loosening and then removing the total of four threaded fasteners 25 , control head portion 24 is separable from main body portion 23 . disposed on the outwardly facing surface of control head portion 24 are front panel controls 26 , 27 and 28 . control 26 includes an internal rotary switch in combination with the outwardly visible knob and there are two switch positions corresponding to either a channel 1 or a channel 2 selection , which will be explained hereinafter . similarly , control 27 includes an on / off switch and volume control and while only the knob is outwardly visible , the associated electronics are disposed within control head portion 24 . front panel control 28 represents the final external control of transceiver 20 and this control includes a rheostat within control head portion 24 and corresponds to squelch control . control head portion 24 also includes a speaker 29 ( see fig3 ), a speaker grill 30 , a transmit indicator lamp 33 and a microphone connector 34 . also illustrated , but detached from control head portion 24 , is microphone 34a and cable 34b . referring to fig2 control head portion 24 is illustrated as a side elevation view with threaded fasteners 25 removed and the control head portion separated from the remainder of the transceiver , namely from main body portion 23 . the removal of threaded fasteners 25 leaves two clearance holes 35 on each side , and due to the locations and respective sizes of the various front panel control knobs , only the knob associated with channel select control 26 is visible in this view . by looking in at the rear of control head portion 24 , that portion of the transceiver circuitry which is located within control head portion 24 is visible and is illustrated in fig3 . this circuitry includes a speaker 29 and a printed circuit board 36 which incorporates the various front panel control switches and rheostats as well as the necessary circuitry for frequency selection and mode of operation . printed circuit board 36 will hereinafter be referred to as frequency adjusting board 36 in that frequency adjusting is accomplished by means of six 10 - position , rotary bcd switches 37a , 37b , 38a , 38b , 39a and 39b and by two 2 - position spdt slide switches 40 and 41 all of which are mounted on frequency adjusting board 36 . while various circuitry components may be omitted from the fig3 illustration , a circuit schematic of adjusting board 36 is provided in fig6 as well as block representations for other relevant electrical portions associated with the overall operation of the transceiver . transceiver 20 is internally frequency adjusting for operation in various modes . transceiver 20 may be adjusted for operation in the low band on one of two simplex frequency channels . similarly , transceiver 20 may alternately be adjusted in the high band for operation on one of two simplex channel frequencies . a further mode involves the operation in the low band on one semi - duplex frequency channel and similarly transceiver 20 may be adjusted in the high band to operate on yet another semi - duplex channel frequency . when the transceiver is adjusted for operation on one of the two simplex channels , the channel - select switch , control 26 , is utilized . however , when the transceiver &# 39 ; s mode of operation is switched to the semi - duplex channel , whether low band or high band , the front panel channel - select switch , control 26 , is disabled . the rewiring of frequency adjusting board 36 will be described in greater detail hereinafter . the term &# 34 ; simplex &# 34 ; refers to a mode of operation wherein transmitting and receiving are performed on the same frequency and thus either one or the other may occur , but both cannot occur simultaneously . the term &# 34 ; semi - duplex &# 34 ; refers to a mode of operation wherein transmitting occurs on one frequency and receiving occurs on a different frequency . while both may occur simultaneously in duplex mode , it is a requirement of transceiver 20 that the microphone transmit button 34c be depressed when transmitting in order to effect this semi - duplex mode of operation . main body portion 23 of transceiver enclosure 22 is arranged into a top half 44 and a bottom half 45 which are separable from each other independently . with top half 44 removed , access is allowed to synthesizer printed circuit board 46 . a portion of synthesizer board 46 is illustrated in fig5 wherein only a few of the components are indicated and these components are those which are utilized for conversion from either low band to high band or from high band to low band , regardless of whether transceiver 20 is being operated on one of the two simplex channels or on the semi - duplex channel . fig5 a is a partial schematic diagram corresponding to the fig5 component arrangement and should be amplified and expanded upon by further reference to fig7 . included within this disclosed circuitry is transistor 47 with the emitter , base and collector terminals identified , diode 48 and integrated circuit 49 . a suitable component for integrated circuit 49 in this circuit is an mc12020l offset control offered by motorola semiconductor products inc . of tempe , arizona . for low - band operation , jumper 50 is connected between printed circuit pads 51 and 52 , and in this low band mode , resistor 53 is omitted as is jumper 54 . however , when converting this synthesizer board into a high - band mode of operation , jumper 54 is added between printed circuit pads 55 and 56 , resistor 53 is added between the base of transistor 47 and printed circuit pad 51 and jumper 50 is removed . the low - band frequency ranges from 150 . 0 to 159 . 995 mhz and the high band ranges from 160 . 7 to 170 . 695 mhz . transceiver 20 must be adjusted so that all transmit / receive frequencies , either simplex or semi - duplex , are in the same frequency band . with this understanding of low - band and high - band frequency adjusting , the frequency selection procedure will now be explained . referring to fig4 frequency adjusting board 36 is illustrated in greater detail and diagrammatically represents the various components associated with this board . the top row of rotary bcd switches 37a , 38a and 39a correspond to channel 1 while the bottom row of switches 37b , 38b and 39b correspond to channel 2 . in order to adjust or set these various frequency switches to the desired frequency for channel 1 , for example , 154 . 315 mhz , proceed in the following manner . the 100 - mhz digit and the 10 - mhz digit are preset and hard wired in at the values of 1 and 5 respectively as will be explained hereinafter . this presetting is possible since the low - band frequency range is from 150 . 0 to 159 . 995 mhz and thus a one and a five in the first two digit locations are always required . therefore , there is no selection required for these digits . using a slotted alignment tool or similar implement , rotate switch 37a ( the 1 - mhz digit ) so that its arrow indicator points to &# 34 ; 4 .&# 34 ; next , using this same slotted tool or implement , rotate switch 38a ( the 100 - khz digit ) so that it indicates &# 34 ; 3 .&# 34 ; next , rotate switch 39a ( the 10 - khz digit ) so that it indicates &# 34 ; 1 .&# 34 ; now slide switch 40 to the extreme left - hand side and this provides the five khz digit . the resultant frequency which is now set for channel 1 is the desired 154 . 315 mhz frequency . a similar procedure may be followed for channel 2 using switches 37b , 38b , 39b and 41 . referring to fig4 a , there is illustrated a partial schematic diagram corresponding to the component layout of fig4 . one part of connector 83 is illustrated and this connector provides the frequency inputs from the synthesizer board to the various rotary switches . jumpers 59 , 60 , 61 and 62 are all illustrated yet it is to be understood that these jumpers are selectively added to or deleted from the circuit depending on whether simplex or semi - duplex is desired . channel select switch 26 is included and arrow 63 represents the switching action from one channel to the other . a suitable component for integrated circuit 64 in this circuit is an mc7404 hex inverter offered by motorola semiconductor products , inc . of tempe , arizona . of course , since two - channel utilization is only appropriate for the simplex mode of operation , there is a further adjustment which must be made to distinguish between simplex and semi - duplex modes . for the simplex mode , it is required that jumpers 59 and 60 are installed from channel - select switch , control 26 , to frequency adjusting board 36 , as illustrated , and that jumpers 61 and 62 are omitted . when frequency adjusting for a semi - duplex frequency , the same low - band and high - band jumper arrangement as previously described for the synthesizer board 46 is followed , yet there is a difference on frequency adjusting board 36 with respect to jumpers 59 , 60 , 61 and 62 . in the event the semi - duplex mode is desired rather than the simplex mode , jumpers 61 and 62 are installed and jumpers 59 and 60 are removed . the removal of jumpers 59 and 60 thereby disables the channel - select switch , control 26 . in the semi - duplex mode , switches 37a , 38a , 39a and 40 are used to set the &# 34 ; transmit &# 34 ; frequency while switches 37b , 38b , 39b and 41 are used to set the &# 34 ; receive &# 34 ; frequency . when frequency adjusting the two simplex channel frequencies in the high band , there is a slightly different procedure in addition to the rewiring of the synthesizer board 46 as previously described . once the desired frequency to be adjusted into the receiver has been determined , the next step is to subtract 10 . 7 mhz from the frequency desired . the subtraction of the 10 . 7 mhz factor reduces the high - band frequency which has a range of 160 . 7 to 170 . 695 mhz back to a representation range of 150 . 0 up to 159 . 995 mhz which interestingly corresponds to the low - band frequency range . therefore , the prewiring of the 1 and 5 digits corresponding to the 100 mhz and the 10 mhz digits is equally applicable for high - band as well as for low - band operation . the 10 . 7 mhz factor is in essence added by other circuitry such that if the desired high - band frequency is 167 . 895 mhz , the subtraction of 10 . 7 mhz reduces this value to 157 . 195 mhz and that is the value set on the appropriate set of switches , depending upon the channel . then when the 10 . 7 mhz factor is added back in , the effective frequency is the 167 . 895 mhz that was initially desired . the incorporation of this 10 . 7 mhz offset factor is achieved by the use of a series of integrated circuits hard wired as part of the transceiver circuitry . the following description of the circuitry of the synthesizer board 46 ( see fig5 and 7 ) should clarifiy the creation and utilization of this 10 . 7 mhz offset . integrated circuit 70 ( fig7 ) is a voltage - controlled oscillator ( vco ) which produces the vhf signal for the synthesizer . the vco output is amplified , buffered and then applied to the receiver and transmitter sections of the main printed circuit board 71 ( fig6 ). the synthesizer consists of two groups of counters . the first group of counters includes integrated circuits 72 and 73 and the second group of counters includes integrated circuits 74 , 75 and 76 . the vco frequency is increased by 10 . 7 mhz for &# 34 ; high - band &# 34 ; transmit and &# 34 ; low - band &# 34 ; receive functions by utilizing offset - programming integrated circuits 78 , 79 and 80 . these integrated circuits provide a digital means of increasing frequency . offset programming integrated circuits 78 , 79 and 80 consist of a logic implementation of a four - pole , two - position switch controlled by the &# 34 ; enable input &# 34 ; from integrated circuit 49 , pin 3 . each integrated circuit has two groups of inputs . one group consisting of pins 1 , 13 , 15 and 11 determine the transmission frequency , and is programmable with either logic state of the &# 34 ; enable &# 34 ; line . the other input group consists of pins 10 , 12 , 14 and 2 and determine the offset frequency , which in the exemplary embodiment is 10 . 7 mhz and which is controlled by the &# 34 ; enable &# 34 ; line . a logic &# 34 ; 1 &# 34 ; corresponds to no offset while a logic &# 34 ; 0 &# 34 ; corresponds to the 10 . 7 mhz offset factor . in operation when the ptt line at pin 1 of integrated circuit 49 is a logic &# 34 ; 0 &# 34 ;, the integrated circuit becomes a buffer gate that follows the clock input at pin 10 . the q line ( pin 3 ) of integrated circuit 49 produces a constant logic &# 34 ; 1 &# 34 ; which does not enable the frequency offset . a logic &# 34 ; 1 &# 34 ; on ptt line at pin 1 of integrated circuit 49 turns integrated circuit 49 into a flip - flop and divides by two both the q and the q outputs at pins 5 and 3 , respectively . this switching logic allows the 10 . 7 mhz frequency factor offset information to be &# 34 ; hard wired &# 34 ; at input pins 10 , 12 , 14 and 2 of integrated circuits 78 , 79 and 80 and to be enabled and coupled into programmable counter integrated circuits 74 , 75 and 76 . transistor 47 is used to invert the logic signal at the ptt input ( pin 1 ) of integrated circuit 49 when transceiver 20 is used on the high band . a suitable component for each one of integrated circuits 75 , 76 and 73 in this circuit is an mc4016p programmable decade counter . a suitable component for each one of integrated circuits 78 , 79 and 80 in this circuit is an mc12021p offset programmer . a suitable component for integrated circuit 74 in this circuit is an mc4018p programmable hexadecimal . a suitable component for integrated circuit 77 in this circuit is an mc12013al prescaler . each of these components are offered by motorola semiconductor products , inc . of tempe , arizona . fig6 is a circuit schematic of the frequency adjusting board 36 and discloses the various connections between the previously described switches and various front panel controls . it is to be noted that one set of wires go to connector 83 while a separate set go to connector 84 and a third set ties into microphone connector 34 . one connecting line between synthesizer board 46 and main board 71 has been identified and corresponds to the injection signal . in order for transceiver 20 to receive between 150 . 0 and 159 . 995 mhz , the injection frequency is 10 . 7b mhz above the desired &# 34 ; receive &# 34 ; frequency , while to receive frequencies between 160 . 7 and 170 . 695 mhz , the injection frequency is 10 . 7 mhz below the desired &# 34 ; receive &# 34 ; frequency . the remainder of fig6 includes a block diagram representation of the remaining functional circuit blocks of transceiver 20 and inasmuch as the basic operation of such circuitry is well known in the art , additional details over what has previously been described herein is not believed to be necessary for a full and complete understanding of the disclosed and claimed invention . in addition to frequency adjusting board 36 and synthesizer board 46 there are also included as part of transceiver 20 a main board 85 and a subaudible - tone board 86 . while the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description , the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character , it being understood that only the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected .