the viv suppression apparatus of the present invention generally includes protective coverings and viv suppression devices for aquatic elements of underwater structures or subject to viv , including but not limited to risers . the apparatus and methods of the present invention find utility with an aquatic element either in an assembly yard or a lay vessel , prior to being installed in an aquatic environment , or with the aquatic element in situ in an aquatic environment . referring first to fig1 shown is coated riser joint 7 , comprised of riser joint 3 coated with and supporting riser coating 5 . riser joints are individual sections of tubing that can be connected end to end to create a riser of various lengths . referring next to fig2 and 3 , shown is strake flange 25 , comprising a set of top half 20 and bottom half 22 , each half defining multiple holes 24 . also shown is first clad sleeve 35 , comprised of top half 30 and bottom half 32 . upper and lower first clad sleeves 30 and 32 are fitted around one end of coated riser joint 7 if it is the first in a series of riser joints that require viv suppression . upper 30 and lower 32 first clad sleeves support respectively upper strake attachment flange 92 and bottom strake attachment flange 94 . referring now to fig4 and 5 , shown in cross section and laterally is additional clad sleeve 55 , comprised of upper half 50 and lower half 52 . additional clad sleeve 55 does not support strake flange 25 . any number of additional clad sleeves 55 may be installed adjacent to first clad sleeve 35 on the side of first clad sleeve 35 that is away from the nearest end of riser joint 7 . referring now to fig6 and 7 , one additional clad sleeve 55 is installed adjacent to and in contact with first clad sleeve 35 which is installed at one end of coated riser joint 7 . more additional clad sleeves 35 may be installed down the remaining length of riser joint 7 , adjacent to and in contact with each other at abutted ends 62 , as is shown in fig6 . further shown in fig6 and 7 are strake attachment flange 25 positioned near one end of first clad sleeve 35 and supported thereby . strake flange 25 may be assembled from top half 20 and bottom half 22 with two or more bars 70 anchored through opposite holes 24 , on each half . the bars may optionally be anchored with welding , preferably with rivets , even more preferably with bolts . also shown in fig6 and 7 are compression straps 60 spaced at intervals along first sleeves 35 and additional sleeves 55 to anchor those sleeves to riser 7 . in fig6 a non - limiting example of the placement of compression straps 60 is shown with straps 60 positioned at both ends and in the middle of first sleeve 35 and additional sleeves 55 . referring now to fig8 and 9 , shown strake attachment flange 115 , comprising a set of top half 92 and bottom half 94 attached at both ends of tubes 90 , which are anchored to attachment flange 115 through holes 80 defined by attachment flange 115 . also defined by attachment 115 are multiple anchor holes 85 . referring now to fig1 and 11 , shown is riser 7 supported by yard braces 100 at both ends of riser 7 . tubes 90 are shown anchored at both of their ends to top attachment flanges 92 and to bottom attachment flanges 94 . strake attachment flange 115 with tubes 90 attached may be connected to strake flange 25 using the same anchoring methods used to anchor the top 20 and bottom 22 halves of strake flange 25 . optionally , bars 70 may be used to anchor strake flange 25 to strake attachment flange 115 using welding , preferably with rivets , even more preferably with bolts . referring now to fig1 , shown is riser 7 with strake flange 25 and attachment flange 115 connected and encircling clad sleeves 35 and 55 , which in turn encircle riser 7 , with tubes 90 attached to flange 115 at both ends of tubes 90 . referring now to fig1 , shown are tubes 90 twisted into a helix forming strake 130 , useful in viv suppression . the helical arrangement of tubes 90 forming strake 130 is achieved by anchoring one strake flange 25 with tab 120 to clad sleeves 35 or 55 and applying torque to another strake flange 25 not anchored to clad sleeves 35 or 55 and supporting the other end of tubes 90 . the direction of the torque applied to tubes 90 may be either clockwise or counterclockwise . referring now to fig1 , shown is a method of adding additional clad sleeves 55 across the abutted ends of two risers 7 using support mandrel 140 to hold the two abutted ends of two risers 7 together . also shown is the installation of top attachment flange 92 with tubes 90 and the installation of bottom attachment flange 94 with tubes 90 to strake flange 25 . torque may be applied to the strake flange 25 at the end of tubing 90 opposite the end being attached to the prior torqued flange 25 along the length interconnected risers 7 . prior to applying torque to the un - torqued tubes 90 , the strake flange 25 should be anchored to clad sleeves 35 or 55 with tab 120 to prevent the previously torqued tubes 90 from receiving additional torque being applied to the adjacent un - torqued tubing 90 . if only one strake 130 is used , it is described as being a single start strake . however , if multiple strakes 130 are attached end to end as shown , with torque applied separately to each set of straight tubes 90 , then the series of strakes 130 are described as being multiple start strakes . referring now to all of the previous figures , at least a portion of the apparatus described is comprised of metal comprising copper . preferably , at least a portion of the strake ( s ) comprise metal comprising copper . most preferably , the portion of interest will be the portion of the apparatus or strake in contact with the water ( i . e ., the “ contact surface .” the portion requiring antifouling properties may comprise metals having a wide range of copper content provided that adequate antifouling is achieved , with the lower end of the range generally about 1 weight ( wt ) % based on the total weight of that portion , preferably about 60 wt %, more preferably about 75 wt %, even more preferably about 90 wt %, still more preferably about 95 wt %, and yet more preferably about 98 wt %. the upper end of the range of copper content used is selected independently of the lower end to be greater than the lower end , with the upper end of the range generally about 60 wt %, preferably about 90 wt %, more preferably about 95 wt %, even more preferably about 98 wt %, yet more preferably 99 wt %, and even still more preferably 100 wt %. while the methods and apparatus have been illustrated herein as being used with risers , it should be understood that the methods and apparatus are believed to have applicability to any structure underwater , whether permanent or temporary , fixed or mobile , in any type of aquatic environment , whether fresh , brackish , or salt water . further , while the methods and apparatus have been illustrated herein with elongated tubes , circular in cross - section , forming strakes , elongated members of any shape may be used , including but not limited to those with cross - sections that are rectangular , square , triangular , oval , arc - shaped , or spoke - shaped finally , while the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity , it will be understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention . accordingly , it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the examples and descriptions set forth herein but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention , including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains .