referring to fig1 , a high temperature fuel cell system 10 as may be suited to use as an auxiliary power unit ( apu ) in a vehicle 11 includes components known in the art of solid - oxide or molten carbonate fuel cell systems . fig1 is not a comprehensive diagram of all components required for operation but includes only those components novelly formed and / or arranged in accordance with the apparatus and method of the invention . missing components will be readily inferred by those of ordinary skill in the art . a hydrocarbon catalytic reformer 12 includes a heat exchanger / combustor 14 , preferably formed integrally therewith . a fuel cell stack 16 comprises preferably a plurality of individual fuel cell elements connected electrically in series as is known in the art . stack 16 includes passageways for passage of reformate across the anode surfaces of the stack and passageways for passage of air across the cathode surfaces of the stack , as is well known in the prior art . a cathode air heat exchanger 22 includes an intake air side 24 and a combuster exhaust gas side 26 . a pump 28 is provided for recycling a portion 29 a , 29 b of the anode tail gas 31 , or syngas , into an inlet of reformer 12 . optionally , stream portion 29 a may be cooled as it enters pump 28 by optional heat exchanger 37 . the heat 27 absorbed from stream portion 29 a can be used , as for example , for fuel vaporization , and for preheating of reformer inputs . an additional portion 33 of tail gas 31 may also be provided to exchanger / combustor 14 , and the balance 35 may be exhausted or diverted to other purposes . endothermic reforming with syngas recycle may be represented by the following equation , c 7 h 12 + 9h 2 o + 10 . 5co 2 + heat → 10h 2 + 10co + 5h 2 o + 7 . 5co 2 ( eq . 4 ) hydrogen and oxygen , combined to produce water in the electrochemical process of the fuel cell stack , are recovered by endothermic reforming and are used over again , thus greatly increasing the hydrocarbon fuel efficiency of the system . further , the energy required for the water reforming is derived from the “ waste ” energy in the anode syngas which in prior art high temperature fuel cells is entirely discarded in the cathode cooling air and / or through the system exhaust . in operation , fuel 15 a is controllably supplied from a source ( not shown ) to an inlet 30 of reformer 12 , as is known in the art . fuel may comprise any conventional or alternative fuel as is known in the art , for example , gasoline , diesel , jet fuel , kerosene , propane , natural gas , carbon , biodiesel , ethanol and methanol . air 17 a is supplied from a source ( not shown ), such as a blower or other air pump , to intake air side 24 of heat exchanger 22 and thence to stack 16 . a portion of air 17 a may be diverted selectively around heat exchanger 22 by control valve 32 to control the temperature of the air entering the fuel cell stack . at start - up , fuel 15 b and air 17 b are also supplied to a reformer pre - heater 34 connected to an inlet 36 on reformer 12 . the air / fuel mixture in pre - heater 34 may be combusted therein , as by a spark igniter , or alternatively may be reformed therein upon an electrically - heated catalyst , to provide a hot exhaust for rapid warming of catalytic elements in reformer 12 to provide a rapid start - up of system 10 . at a time after start - up when such heating is no longer needed , the air flow and fuel flow to pre - heater 34 may be terminated . reformate 40 is supplied from reformer 12 to anodes in stack 16 . syngas 31 ( anode tail gas ) is exhausted from stack 16 and is preferably assisted by inline pump 28 . first portion 29 of the exhausted syngas is recycled to an inlet of reformer 12 ; preferably , recycled portion 29 is between about 20 % and about 60 % of total syngas flow 31 . second portion 33 of the exhausted syngas is recycled to an inlet of heat exchanger / combustor 14 . heated cathode air 38 is exhausted from stack 16 and is provided to heat exchanger / combustor 14 wherein it is mixed with syngas portion 33 and combusted to provide heat for endothermic reforming of water and carbon dioxide with hydrocarbon fuel in reformer 12 . spent air and combustion products 42 are exhausted from heat exchanger / combustor 14 and passed through exhaust side 26 of heat exchanger 22 wherein heat is abstracted by intake air 17 a in inlet side 24 . cooled exhaust is discharged to atmosphere 44 . optionally , additional fuel 15 c may be controllably supplied to reformer 12 from a source ( not shown ) so that a greater portion of tailgas 31 may be exported for other purposes through exhaust 35 . under these or similar steady - state operating conditions , little or no outside air need be provided to reformer 12 . sufficient heat is provided to the reformer from the sensible heat of the recycled tail gas plus combustion of syngas portion 33 to permit endothermic reforming of the input fuel and the water and carbon dioxide in the syngas . most or all of the needed reforming oxygen is derived from the water and carbon dioxide . the following benefits accrue to a fuel cell system in accordance with the invention : 1 . the net fuel / electric efficiency of the system may be substantially increased over prior art high temperature fuel cell systems . most of the system efficiency improvement is from higher reforming efficiency . some of the improvement is from higher effective stack fuel utilization . 2 . the power density of the stack is increased by increasing the concentration of reactants in the stack and by minimizing concentration polarization by less nitrogen dilution . 3 . the system is allowed to operate with a higher margin of safety in terms of carbon formation in the reformer , reformate piping , or stack inlet . 4 . the admission of water - borne contaminants on the fuel cell anodes is avoided or eliminated altogether , by eliminating the need for exogenous water and exogenous oxygen . all fuel cells tend to have sensitivities to trace contaminants which come into the system over time in the air , fuel , and / or water consumed in operation . the level of sensitivity depends in part upon the fuel cell technology and the operating temperature . while solid oxide fuel cells tend to have less sensitivity to contaminants than some other types , the accumulation of sulfur , metal oxides , salts , carbon , and other contaminants can lead to long term loss in performance . in endothermic reforming in accordance with the invention , the combustion water and oxygen are chemically pure , resulting from generation within the fuel cell system itself . using recycled anode exhaust as the steady - state oxidant for the system allows a near fully endothermic ( using only recycle ) reforming process . depending upon the selected operating temperature for the stack and reformer , the efficiency of heat recovery in the final exhaust and the minimization of thermal losses to the walls , there may not always be a balance between heat required to preheat the reactants and do the endothermic chemistry with heat available through simple heat exchange from the cathode exhaust . therefore , a portion of the anode exhaust which is not recycled into the reformer may be used as shown to supply combustive heat to the reformer to support the endothermic reforming process . reformate is a highly useful fuel which in itself can be exported for use on other apparatus , for combustion and / or exhaust after - treatment functions . it is possible to operate the reformer to produce excess reformate for these additional uses . to further improve the fuel cell system efficiency , the exported reformate may be taken from downstream of the stack , with reduced fuel utilization in the stack resulting in improved stack efficiency . if this export periodically is not necessary ( e . g ., vehicle engine or other reformate consumer is off ) then the reformate volume can be reduced to just the amount required by the fuel cell stack with higher utilization . while the invention has been described by reference to specific embodiments , it should be understood that numerous changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described . accordingly , it is intended that the invention not be limited to the described embodiments , but will have full scope defined by the language of the following claims .