fig1 - 5 illustrates a detachable - type surgical needle extractor , and fig6 - 9 illustrate a detachable - type surgical needle extractor having means for releasing the chuck from the handle . fig1 - 5 show an extractor having a chuck 1 and a handle 50 for chuck 1 . chuck 1 has insert portion 3 , body portion 2 which is made of a metal such as stainless steel and actuated piece 7 which is also made of a metal such as stainless steel . insert portion 3 has a substantially u - shaped section from a front side view thereof . insert portion 3 is for releasable attachment in a first recess 52 formed at the front end of handle portion 51 of handle 50 . insert portion 3 is detachably fitted to be releasably attached within first recess 52 without play . body portion 2 of chuck 1 is formed as a unitary structure by a pair of first and second members 4 which extend from both sides of insert portion 3 . as seen in the figures , first and second members 4 are formed integrally with insert portion 3 . that is , in the figures , insert portion 3 is shown formed as members which are extensions of the first and second members 4 . the front ends of first and second members 4 of chuck 1 are formed as penetration portions 5 , which are preferably spaced apart a distance smaller than that between claws s1 , as shown in fig1 and 12 , of a conventional surgical needle s . upper surfaces 5a of penetration portions 5 serve as needle - holding surfaces . inclined undersurfaces 4a of first and second members 4 are contiguous with the undersurfaces of penetration portions 5 and function as surfaces which are brought into contact with the skin of a patient during extraction of a needle . actuated piece 7 is pivotably attached between first and second members 4 at shaft 6 . actuated piece 7 has needle pushing portion 9 at its front end ; when actuated piece 7 is pivoted about pivot shaft 6 , needle pushing portion 9 is pivoted such that it is inserted between the two parts , as shown in the figures , of penetration portion 5 , and simultaneously , rear portion 8 of actuated piece 7 is pivoted away from insert portion 3 of chuck 1 . chuck 1 can be releasably attached within first recess 52 of handle 50 . insert portion 3 of body portion 2 is beveled at the rear end of its underside to form inclined surface portion 3a to facilitate insertion of insert portion 3 into first recess 52 . projections 10 are provided on both sidewall surfaces of insert portion 3 ; projections 10 can be formed on either the upper or lower wall surfaces . projections 10 make sliding engagement with grooves 62 formed in first recess 52 so that insert portion 3 is fitted within first recess 52 without play . projections 10 extend longitudinally over the sidewalls of insert portion 3 like belts and are dimensioned such that they can slide within grooves 62 without vertical play . projections 10 have indentations 11 at their midpoint ; indentations 11 abut against projections 63 , shown in fig4 which are formed at the midpoint of grooves 62 in first recess 52 . indentations 11 abut against projections 63 after chuck 1 has been inserted into first recess 52 . projections 10 can be disposed on the upper parts of the sidewalls of insert portion 3 such that insert portion 3 can bend inwardly a sufficient amount to allow projections 10 to move over projections 63 . longitudinal elongated holes 12 are formed in the middle part of body portion 2 including the rear half of first and second members 4 and the rear half of insert portion 3 . this enables the elements forming chuck 1 to bend to a considerable extent so that the penetrating elements forming penetration portion 5 can be further expanded . the portions of first and second members 4 of body portion 2 which are behind pivot shaft 6 and near insert portion 3 are constricted such that they form guide portion 4b . the distance between guide portions 4b is slightly larger than the thickness of actuated piece 7 such that actuated piece 7 can pivot between guide portions 4b without any side play . groove 13 is provided in the rear end of rear side 8 of actuated piece 7 which is releasably attached to handle 50 . when chuck 1 is inserted into first recess 52 , coupling portion 58 of actuating rod 56 fits in groove 13 with play . the inlet edge of groove 13 is beveled to facilitate insertion of coupling portion 58 . alternatively , a penetration guiding collar 5b , shown in fig9 connects the front ends of penetration portions 5 such that the pivoting motion of needle pushing portion 9 of actuated piece 7 between penetration portions 5 is not hindered . the front end of handle 50 includes handle portion 51 , which is preferably made of a synthetic resin material , actuating rod 56 , which is also preferably made of a synthetic resin material , and spring 61 . first recess 52 is formed at the front end of handle portion 51 , insert portion 3 of chuck 1 is inserted in first recess 52 , as described above . rear side 53 of handle portion 51 functions as a finger holding surface 53a . actuating rod 56 is pivotally attached at pivot shaft 55 located near first recess 52 ; front end 57 of actuating rod 56 is positioned in second recess 54 in handle 50 . second recess 54 is in communication with first recess 52 of handle 50 . coupling portion 58 of actuating rod 56 is formed at the front end of front side 57 of actuating rod 56 ; coupling portion 58 is releasably attached to the rear end of the rear side of actuated piece 7 . rear side 59 of actuating rod 56 is formed with a single holding portion 60 . spring 61 is also attached in second recess 54 and functions to bias rear side 59 of actuating rod 56 such that coupling portion 58 of actuating rod 56 is in position within first recess 52 for attachment to the corresponding part of actuated piece 7 , i . e ., with groove 13 which , as describe above , is provided at the rear end of rear side 8 of actuated piece 7 . thus , chuck 1 can be releasably attached within first recess 52 . handle 51 is formed as a unitary structure including a pair of right and left handle components 51a . one handle component 51a has a coupling shaft 51b and the other handle component 51a has a hole 51c in which coupling shaft 51b is engaged . that is , coupling shaft 51b is engaged in hole 51c to form the unitary handle assembly . preferably finger - holding surface 53a of handle 51 is shaped to fit the inner surfaces of a forefinger , middle finger , ring finger and little finger . at the front end of the front side of handle 51 , the right and left edges of the upper surfaces of handle 51 are beveled to form cut surfaces 51d . therefore , the front end of the front side of handle 51 does not screen chuck 1 and thus does not hinder the vision of the operator . the inner wall surfaces of first recess 52 of handle 51 have grooves 62 which extend longitudinally from the inlet end toward the closed end of recess 52 . grooves 62 function to receive and guide projections 10 of insert portion 3 and to hold insert portion 3 within first recess 52 without play . of course , insert portion 3 can be pulled out of first recess 52 along grooves 62 . grooves 62 have projections 63 at their midpoint , as shown in fig4 . midpoint projections 63 engage with midpoint indentations 11 formed in insert portion 3 which is tightly fitted within first recess 52 . thus , chuck 1 will not come out of first recess 52 unless external force is applied thereto . front end portion 64 of front side 57 of actuating rod 56 is dimensioned to fit within insert portion 3 of chuck 1 with play . front end portion 64 is also forked such that it clamps between its forked front edges or prongs 101 the rear end portion of rear side 8 of actuated piece 7 . coupling portion 58 of actuating rod 56 can be a pivot pin which engages groove 13 of actuated piece 7 . coupling portion or pivot pin 58 forms a bridge between prongs 101 of forked front end portion 54 . because coupling portion 58 is fitted in groove 13 with play , actuated piece 7 can freely pivot . inner surfaces 64a of forked front edges or prongs 101 of front end portion 64 are beveled to facilitate attachment of actuated piece 7 to actuating rod 56 . the width of finger - holding surface 60 of actuating rod 56 is increased in upper surface portion 68a . finger - holding surface 60 has a concave shape from a side - view thereof and a middle part of surface 60 also has a concave shape from a front side view thereof , such that surface 60 fits the inner surface of the thumb . as a result , the thumb does not slip either right or left nor up or down on surface 60 . one end of spring 61 is secured to shafts 65 and 66 mounted in second recess 54 and the other end of spring 61 abuts against the under surface of rear side 59 of actuating rod 56 . spring 61 biases actuating rod 56 such that the under surface of the front end portion 64 of actuating rod 56 is pushed against the floor of first recess 52 and such that coupling portion 58 is aligned with the sliding track of groove 13 of actuated piece 7 and is ready for attachment with the latter . it should be noted that shafts 65 and 66 for securing springs 61 , together with coupling shaft 51b and pivot shaft 55 , are preferably formed with handle components 51a as an integral structure using a single metal mold . the handle for a surgical needle extractor shown in fig6 - 8 is identical in basic structure with the handle of the detachable - type surgical needle extractor shown in fig1 - 5 , except that in fig6 - 8 means are provided for releasing chuck 1 from handle 51 . as shown in fig1 - 5 , chuck 1 can be pushed out of first recess 52 by means of actuating rod 56 . in particular , longitudinal elongated hole 67 is provided in actuating rod 56 in which pivot shaft 55 is engaged . thus , actuating rod 56 can slide with respect to pivot shaft 55 along longitudinal hole 67 . in addition , coupling portion 58 on front side 57 of actuating rod 56 can be freely advanced , due to the sliding motion of actuating rod 56 , until coupling portion 58 projects out of first recess 52 ; similarly , coupling portion 58 can be retracted within first recess 52 . the under surface of rear side 59 of actuating rod 56 against which spring 61 abuts , is provided with indentation 68 . angled projection 61a of spring 61 abuts against and is engaged with indentation 68 , except when chuck 1 is being pushed out of holder 51 by actuating rod 56 . when projection 61a engaged with indentation 68 , actuating rod 56 can swing about pivot axis 55 together with actuated piece 7 of chuck 1 , which , of course , is within first recess 52 , in an integrally cooperating manner . indentation 68 can be moved beyond angled projection 61a and actuating rod 56 itself can move in the longitudinal direction within longitudinal , elongated hole 67 , such that coupling portion 58 pushes actuated piece 7 , as well as all of chuck 1 , out of first recess 52 . finger - holding surface 60 of actuating rod 56 has rear surface portion 60b which is continuously inclined in a rearward direction below the rear side of upper surface portion 60a . the angle a of inclination , shown in fig6 of rear surface portion 69b relative to upper surface portion 60a , is preferably approximately 60 degrees . rear surface portion 60b has a concave shape from a side - view thereof so as to readily fit the entire inner surface of the thumb . furthermore , upper and lower parallel projections 69 are provided to prevent the thumb from slipping vertically . in each embodiment of the chuck and handle according to the present invention as illustrated in the figures , angle b of skin - contacting surfaces 4a of chuck 1 is preferably approximately 40 degrees . the angle of bend c of finger - holding surface 53a of handle 50 is preferably approximately 150 degrees . the angle d of inclination of actuating rod 56 in its rest position relative to the front side of handle portion 51 is preferably approximately 40 degrees . the angle e formed by front side 57 and finger - holding surface 60 of actuating rod 56 is preferably approximately 155 degrees . of course , these angles are not limited to the values indicated above , and any other values may be used unless handling is obstructed thereby . finger - holding surface 53a of handle portion 50 may be annular as shown in fig1 . in this case , handle portion 50 can be more readily handled because the forefinger , middle finger , ring finger and little finger can be inserted into the annular portion to hold the handle . finger - holding surface 60 may also be made annular such that the thumb can be inserted into this annular portion . in operation , with respect to a surgical needle extractor according to the present invention , finger - holding surface 53a of holder 51 is grasped by all four fingers and the thumb is applied to finger - holding surface 60 of actuating rod 56 . then , penetration portions 5 are inserted between the underside of needle s and the patient &# 39 ; s skin . actuating rod 56 is pushed down by the thumb to bend and extract needle s as illustrated in fig1 - 14 . after extraction , chuck 1 can be pulled out of first recess 52 by hand or by using any suitable tool . it may be pushed out by means of actuating rod 56 in the embodiment shown in fig6 - 8 . when another surgical needle is to be extracted , a new chuck 1 is tightly fitted into first recess 52 of handle 51 and the needle can be removed in a similar manner for disposal . fig1 shows container 103 for a replaceable chuck 1 . when chuck 1 is to be used , cover 81 , which seals housing 80 of container 103 , is removed and support member 82 of housing 80 is taken out . chuck 1 can be separated from support member 82 and attached to handle 51 without direct handling , i . e ., without chuck 1 itself ever being touched by the operator . support member 82 has a mounting groove 83 , as shown in fig1 , in which chuck 1 is disposed up to a position corresponding to pivot shaft 6 of first and second members 4 . thus , chuck 1 is fitted within support member 82 except for insert portion 3 which projects out of support member 82 . cover 81 preferably hermetically seals the open area within housing 80 . fig1 shows chuck 1 and support member 82 with groove 83 formed in support member 82 . fig1 illustrates chuck container 103 which is made of 2 components , i . e ., housing 80 and cover 81 . in this embodiment , support 82 is integrally formed on the inner bottom surface of housing 80 . further , cover 81 includes an open area in which the chuck is partially disposed . from the foregoing description , one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and , without departing from the spirit and scope thereof , can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions .