a conduit bender designated generally by reference numeral 10 includes a handle 12 fitting within an opening or socket 14 of bender 16 . bender 16 consists generally of a web 18 and arcuate anvil or bending section 20 with a bending finger 22 and serrated pedal or step 23 to assist the handle 12 in bending effort on conduit 24 . within the web 18 is a measuring tape 26 which includes a casing 28 and a reel of self - winding tape having a hook end 30 which measures the location at which bending should be performed , the marking being in a line drawn from edge 31 ( fig4 b ) and intersecting at point 34 of conduit 24 . after the measuring is completed , the tape 26 , as mentioned , is spring loaded to be self retracting and is wound within the casing 28 . during bending , the conduit 24 is passed between bending finger 22 having a concave bending surface 38 and the arcuate concave anvil surface 40 so that when the tool is turned a bend of the corresponding curvature is developed at location 34 , marked off by the measuring tape 30 . the degree of bending is determined by an indicator tube 50 which is closed at its ends and is provided with angular markings 52 . these markings are calibrated in terms of &# 34 ; x3 &# 34 ;, &# 34 ; x2 &# 34 ;, &# 34 ; x1 - 1 / 2 &# 34 ;, etc . it being understood that the calibration marking can change , however , depending upon the particular information relative to the bend that is desired . the degree of bending is read by means of two balls 56 which are end - to - end and which rest at the lowest part of the indicator conduit opposite the marking which indicates the angle of bend provided by the bending tool . the indicator is accurate and the balls 56 roll easily within the tube to rest constantly at the lowest part of the tube opposite the mark which indicates the degree of bending effected by the tool . at the undersurface of anvil portion of the tool are a series of spaced openings 60 ( fig1 ) which are calibrated to indicate &# 34 ; 3x &# 34 ;, &# 34 ; 2x &# 34 ;, &# 34 ; 1 - 1 / 2x &# 34 ; , &# 34 ; 45 °&# 34 ; and &# 34 ; 60 &# 34 ;, etc . which are indicators determining the amount of bend in a somewhat different manner . in this case , the tool is fixed and the conduit is &# 34 ; wrapped &# 34 ; around the anvil , by bending it until the section of conduit is brought opposite one or the other of the marks &# 34 ; 3x &# 34 ;, &# 34 ; 2x &# 34 ;, &# 34 ; 1 - 1 / 2x &# 34 ; , etc . a nail or other member 64 ( fig5 ) is passed through the openings 60 in the curved annular anvil section 40 and the pipe bent until it comes into contact with the nail 64 at which time the bending is completed . one of the important advantages of the present invention is the ease with which offset bending is achieved with precise dimensional forming . such precision forming is an important advantage of the present invention and will be next described in connection with fig4 a , 4b and 4c : suppose , for example , that an offset bend of 8 inches ( fig4 c ) is desired . the first step is to measure the distance &# 34 ; d &# 34 ; from the end 80 of conduit 24 ( fig4 a ). assuming that a offset of 8 inches is to be determined over a distance of 12 inches ( fig4 c ) between offset bends 90 , and 92 , then an offset ratio of 12 inches to 8 inches would be 1 - 1 / 2 / 1 and this reading is directly read off of the gage 50 in making reverse bends at 90 and 92 . after determining the offset of 8 inches , the tape is used to measure off a distance 12 inches , from bend 90 to bend 92 and the tool then bends offset bends at 90 and 92 until the angle corresponds to 1 - 1 / 2 / x on the gage . in complete description of an offsetting bend procedure the sequence of steps are therefore as follows : 1 . measure from end 80 where the first bend is to be determined and mark that point 90 . 2 . the location of the second bend 92 is then measured by the tape . the ratio of the offset to the distance between 90 and 92 is then determined as a ratio which is 1 - 1 / 2x , 1x , 3x , etc . and reverse bends are then performed at 90 and 92 until the gage reading corresponds to the 1 - 1 / 2x , 2x , 3x reading , etc . if it is desired to obtain an offset bend with the gage at the anvil rather than with the ball gage , the same procedure is followed , i . e ., first measuring the distance from the end of the conduit 80 to the first bend 90 , then measure the distance between the offset bends , i . e . from 90 to 92 and then reverse bends are performed by holding the tool still and bending the pipe first at 90 and then at 92 the extent of the bending determined by the ratio of the offset to the distance between the reverse bends . thus , if that ratio 1 - 1 / 2x , 2x , 3x , etc ., the pipe is bent until the pipe or conduit contacts the nail 64 at the openings indicating that offset ratio . for example , if the offset is 8 inches and the distance between reverse bends 90 , 92 , is 12 inches then the conduit is bent 1 - 1 / 2x which is marked off by the nail 64 in the 1 - 1 / 2x opening . after the bending is completed , the end 80 of the pipe or conduit can be reamed at both the inner and outer surfaces by means of cutting surfaces 102 and 104 which are formed as reverse conical cutting surfaces so that the inner edge 106 is reamed by conical surface 102 and outer edge 108 is reamed by conical surface 104 . the two conical surfaces are floatingly related , one to the other , the conical surface 102 being spring mounted so that it will conform to various circumferential measurements of the end of the conduit . thus , as indicated in fig7 the end 80 of the conduit is forced downwardly into the apex 108 which is formed between the reversely formed conical surfaces 102 and 104 until both the inner and outer edges of the conduit are engaged by the cutting surfaces 102 and 104 and either the tool or the conduit are then rotated until the reaming operation is satisfactorily performed . the reamer designated generally by reference numeral 105 is balanced on pivot 110 so that , it can pivotally float to whatever position is desired to meet the incoming end 80 of the conduit 24 when the conduit is moved from the position of fig6 to the reaming position of fig7 . the reamer is held in proper position by a post 112 having a pin 114 which is passed through the post and reamer to join the two parts together . although the present invention has been illustrated and described with offset bending , it should be understood that the gage and tool is useful to form 90 ° stubup bends and back - to - back bends as well , by measuring with the tape to the location where the bend is desired , and then bending until the gage reading corresponds to the particular angle desired at the bend . although the present invention has been illustrated and described in connection with a single example embodiment it will be understood that this is illustrative of the invention and is by no means restrictive thereof . it is reasonably to be expected that those skilled in this art can make numerous revisions and adaptations of the invention and it is intended that such revisions and adaptations will be included within the scope of the following claims as equivalents of the invention .