[ 0048 ] fig4 depicts one possible way to physically construct the proposed invention . angled end plate 32 is substituted for the conventional end plate 12 . 45 ° conducting disks 34 are placed onto tie rods 16 in the same manner as for the prior art device ( including the rotational indexing ). the reader will note , however , that 45 ° conducting disks 34 form a current loop which is offset 45 ° from the center axis of transverse field bitter magnet 74 . the six 45 ° conducting disks 34 combine to form 45 ° conductor stack 36 . a series of alternating insulating disks and 45 ° conductor stacks are added to 45 ° conductor stack 36 shown to build a laminated assembly similar to the prior art device — with one critical distinction : the current flowing through the device still flows in a helix , but the arcs within the helix the offset 45 ° from the center axis of the device . [ 0049 ] fig5 is presented to clearly show this angular offset . the lefthand view in fig5 corresponds to looking straight down on 45 ° conductor stack 36 from directly above the device shown in fig4 . the reader will note that projected center bore 38 is perfectly circular . likewise , projected tie rod holes 40 are perfectly circular . thus , 45 ° conductor stack 36 fits securely within a cooling jacket similar to the one described for the prior art device . it can also fit over tie rods 16 . the right - hand view shown in fig5 corresponds to a right side view of 45 ° conductor stack 36 . the reader will observe that the stack forms a helix , but one which is offset 45 ° from center axis 68 . fig6 is an isometric view showing 45 ° conductor stack 36 . the stack is rotationally indexed , as shown by the displacement in successive cuts 22 . like the prior art device , tie rod holes 24 in successive 45 ° conducting disks align . cooling holes are also present in these disks , and they also align . for purposes of visual simplicity , they have not been illustrated . [ 0051 ] fig6 b shows a single 45 ° conducting disk 34 . its features are generally similar to those found in the prior art device , including the cut producing a shallow helical shape . however , as those skilled in the art will appreciate , 45 ° conducting disk 34 does not have a circular shape . fig6 c shows a 45 ° conducting disk 34 in a plan view . the reader will observe that both its inner and outer perimeters have an elliptical shape . this shape is used , so that when the disk is tilted 45 ° in its installation , the inner and outer perimeters will project along the center bore of the bitter magnet as pure circles . if a disk shape other than elliptical is used , the inner and outer perimeters will project as something other than a pure circle . all of the preceding description has been presented so that the reader may : ( 1 ) understand the construction of bitter - type magnets ; and ( 2 ) understand how the current flow in such a magnet can be forced to assume a path which is angularly offset from the center axis of the magnet . these principles will now be employed to describe some of the novel features of the present invention . [ 0053 ] fig7 depicts a nested pair of transverse field bitter coils . second bitter coil 44 fits around first bitter coil 42 . both coils are shown as simplified representations . the reader should understand that to physically realize these coils would require the type of structures disclosed in fig4 - 6 . however , for the present purposes , it is sufficient to understand that the current path in each of these coils follows an angularly offset helix . in other words , although the coils are depicted as solid objects , they are in fact comprised of stacks of 45 ° conducting disks 34 . fig8 depicts the nature of the current path in first bitter coil 42 — indicated as simplified helix 66 . [ 0054 ] fig9 shows the nested pair with a cutaway to aid visualization . first bitter coil 42 is energized so that first coil current 46 flows in a counterclockwise direction ( when viewed down center axis 68 from the left hand side ). of course , the reader should recall that the current loops within bitter coil 42 are angularly offset 45 ° from center axis 68 . the result of the current flow is first induced field 50 . the direction of first induced field 50 corresponds to the current flow within first bitter coil 42 , according to the right - hand rule . second bitter coil 44 is energized so that second coil current 48 flows in a clockwise direction when viewed down center axis 68 from the left hand side . the result of second coil current 48 is second induced field 52 . the orientation of second induced field 52 is angularly displaced 90 ° from first induced field 50 , via application of the right - hand rule . [ 0056 ] fig1 shows the same assembly in a plan view . those skilled in the art will realize that by carefully designing the structure of the two bitter coils and carefully regulating the current flowing therein , it is possible to make the strength of first induced field 50 match the strength of second induced field 52 . when this occurs the components of first induced field 50 and second induced field 52 which lie along center axis 68 will cancel each other out . resultant field 54 will remain , which is in an orientation that is transverse to center axis 68 . thus , by carefully designing the nested pair of bitter coils , it is possible to produce a magnetic field which is purely transverse to center axis 68 . those skilled in the art will also realize that the direction of current flow within the two nested coils may be arbitrarily selected — so long as the currents in the two coils flow in opposite directions . thus , by reversing the current flow in the two coils , it is possible to create a transverse magnetic field in either direction ( straight up or straight down as viewed in fig1 ). [ 0058 ] fig1 depicts a set of four nested bitter coils which carries the concept further . third bitter coil 56 and fourth bitter coil 58 are added around the pair of bitter coils described in fig7 through 10 . although they are again illustrated in simplified form , their structure corresponds to that shown in fig4 through 6 . third bitter coil 56 is energized so that third coil current 70 flows in a counterclockwise direction when viewed along center axis 68 from the left hand side . fourth bitter coil 58 is energized so that fourth coil current 72 flows in a clockwise direction . this current flow produces additional induced fields like those illustrated in fig1 . by carefully designing the third and fourth bitter coils to match each other , the components of the induced fields produced by the third and fourth bitter coils which lie along center axis 68 will again cancel each other out . the transverse component , however , will serve to intensify the transverse magnetic field created by the first two nested bitter coils . thus , it is possible by nesting additional bitter coils , to further strengthen the purely transverse magnetic field created by the first two bitter coils . furthermore , designs can be created wherein consecutive coils can have the same orientation and current direction . the reader should appreciate that the invention is not limited to an even numbers of nested coils . fig1 shows an odd - numbered configuration . first coil current 46 and third coil current 70 flow in the same direction . second coil current 48 flows in the opposite direction . the result of this arrangement is a field which is angularly offset from the central bore of the magnet , and which cab be aligned to any desired orientation ( including 90 degrees ). using an odd number of nested coils along with variations in the current flow can produce a field having an arbitrary angular offset from the central bore . thus , not only can the present invention produce a purely transverse field , it can also produce a field having any desired angular offset from the central bore . likewise , although coil stacks having a 45 degree offset have been used for purposes of illustration , the invention is not limited to this type . fig1 shows a pair of nested coils having a 20 degree angular offset ( the top half of the coils are again cut away to aid visualization ). like the example shown in fig9 first coil current 46 flows in the opposite direction of second coil current 48 . first coil current 46 creates first induced field 50 , as graphically shown by the vector arrow . second coil current 48 creates second induced field 52 . referring now to fig1 , the reader will observe that the components of the two induced fields lying along center axis 68 cancel each other out , leaving resultant field 54 ( which is again purely transverse ). thus , those skilled in the art will realize that the angular offset for the coils is not critical to producing the transverse field , although it has an obvious effect on the strength of the transverse field . the previous examples have used elliptical disks so that when they are angularly offset a cylindrical bore will be produced . while such a design has its advantages , the invention can certainly be practiced using non - elliptical conductor disks . fig1 a shows a perfectly circular conductor disk 18 ( compare the elliptical conductor disk 18 shown in fig6 c ). detailed features of the disk — such as the radial slit , mounting holes , and cooling holes — have been omitted for simplicity . fig5 b shows a conductor stack 30 made from a series of angularly offset conductor disks 18 . insulating and other features would be included to force a helical current flow through the stack , similar to the flow shown in fig8 . however , because circular disks are used , the shape created by the stack will not be cylindrical . fig1 c shows a view which is only slightly offset from the center bore . in this view , the reader will observe that elliptical bore 80 is formed by stacking the circular disks using the angular offset . thus , the reader will appreciate that the invention is by no means confined to the use of elliptical disks . in fact , non - curved shapes can also be employed . fig1 shows a square disk stack 78 formed by angular offsetting a stack of square conductors . the current path through this stack is again helical , but the center “ bore ” is rectangular . finally , although most of the examples presented have been configured to create a purely transverse field , the invention is not limited to such a field . in some instances , it may be desirable to create a field with transverse and aligned components ( where the term “ aligned ” means aligned with the center bore of the conductor stack ). this can be accomplished via mixing different types of coils . fig1 shows such a magnet , where first bitter coil 42 has a different angle of inclination that second bitter coil 44 . the magnets disclosed can also be switched to oscillate between conventional and transverse fields . returning briefly to fig1 , the reader will recall that the two coils were energized using current flowing in opposite directions ( first coil current 46 and second coil current 48 ). switching means can be used to make the two coil currents flow in the same direction . by proper tuning of these currents and the coil geometry , a purely aligned field can be created . a brief look at fig1 will confirm this fact to those skilled in the art . reversing the current in second bitter coil 44 will shift the orientation of second induced field 52 by 180 degrees . the transverse components of first induced field 50 and second induced field 52 will then cancel each other out , leaving a field aligned with center axis 68 . thus , switching the current direction in one of the coils can switch the magnet from a purely transverse field to a purely aligned one . more complicated permutations are possible with the addition of more coils . switching the current direction in a magnet such as shown in fig1 , as one example , can produce a variety of combined transverse and aligned fields . the invention broadly encompasses helical coils in which each turn of the helix is angularly displaced ( to 45 degrees , 30 degrees , or other desired orientation ). fig1 shows simplified helix 66 . each turn of the helix lies approximately in one plane . the word “ approximately ” is used because , of course , a helix does not truly lie in a single plane ( observe the right view of fig5 ). however , each turn is centered about one plane . the planes for each turn of the illustrated helix are designated as theoretical turn planes 82 in the view . the reader will observe that these planes are a series of inclined and parallel planes , each offset a fixed distance from its neighbor . these planes are inclined from center axis 68 a fixed amount . [ 0067 ] fig1 shows this inclination more clearly . the leading theoretical turn plane 82 is shown . perpendicular plane 84 is a plane which is perpendicular to center axis 68 , and which intersects center axis 68 at the same point as theoretical turn plane 82 . a prior art helical conductor would have theoretical turn planes parallel to perpendicular plane 84 . the present invention is distinguished by the fact that its turns are inclined . turn plane normal vector 86 is perpendicular to theoretical turn plane 82 . the angle between this vector and center axis 68 represents the inclination of the inclined turns from the conventional orientation found in the prior art . although the preceding description contains significant detail it should not be viewed as limiting the scope of the invention but rather as providing illustrations of the preferred embodiments . accordingly , the scope of the invention should be set by the following claims rather than by the examples given .