this invention is explained in detail below with its best form for execution using the figures . turning now to fig1 and 13 , an example of vane shear test according to a first embodiment of the invention is illustrated . these figures show an apparatus for pressurization shear test with hollow truncated cone . the load pipe ( 18 ) is attached at the tip of rod which penetrates soft ground statically . if penetration is difficult by this method , a weight is use for administering blows . the resistor is hollow truncated cone and the shoe unit ( 19 ) is connected to load pipe with taper of θ ≦ 5 degrees so that the ground would not be disturbed . also , a dummy vane ( 20 ) is attached at the upper part ( in order to eliminate the resistance of vane at the bottom ). the main part of resistor is cone - shaped of θ ≦ 3 degrees . this is divided into three equal parts as pressurization shear units 1 , 2 and 3 ( 21 , 22 and 23 ), each are attached around the vane ( 30 ) of lateral width b in a single line . the most upper part is the upper dummy unit ( 24 ) attached with dummy vane . pressurization shear unit is divided into two parts . one is the active rotation unit ( 26 ) that is connected with torque transmission key ( 25 ) at the load pipe . the other part is the passive rotation unit ( 29 ) that is free to rotate and has connection pin ( 28 ). tensile force acts on the resistor when load pipe penetrates . lateral ground reaction p acts on each unit in circular direction of the same center when the 3 pressurization shear units and dummy unit are dragged underneath . this is measured using 2 load cells ( 27 ) as circumferential stress ( theoretically both are equal ). the normal stress acting on shear plane of vane circumference is calculated using the measured pressure . when the load pipe is rotated , rotational force is transmitted from active rotation unit to passive rotation unit . the resistance of passive rotation unit that is displayed in load cell can be use to compute the shear resistance torque and shear strength . according to this method , e , c and φ in the direction of depth can be calculated by repetition of resistor &# 39 ; s penetration and rotation . a second embodiment of this invention ( fractured cross section of penetration apparatus for pressurization shear test ) is explained above and is illustrated in fig1 to 26 . since it uses hollow conical resistor ( with a combination of self - boring test or trimming type of pre - boring test ) and does not require usual boring process , speed of test is fast and operation is simple . also , since it does not require boring technique in usual cases , precision of measurement becomes highly stable . the best form for conducting the second embodiment is shown in fig1 and 15 that is equipped from side to side . fig1 to 26 show example regarding the first embodiment of the invention . these explain the resistor part ( fractured cross section of penetration apparatus for pressurization rotation shear test ). it comprises fig1 , 21 , 15 , 26 , 16 and 22 . fig1 , 26 , 20 , 22 and 23 correspond to the first embodiment . fig1 is a profile diagram of resistor when cut at the center of shear plane lengthwise . the horizontal plane indicated by the arrow is shown in fig1 . as for reference , the h - shaped section is shown in fig2 . the penetration rod is connected to the head of resistor rod joint ( 31 ). penetration force is transmitted to two arc members through diverge joint ( 32 ) from this pipe . the pair of arc member end becomes narrow by angle of θ = 1 to 2 degrees due to joint member ( 38 ). the shear plane of arc member is uniform from top to bottom but the radius of curvature of exterior becomes smaller at the bottom . however , the tip of shoe ( 39 ) has constant curvature θ = 0 . the external portion of pressurization shear member ( 33 ) consists of 4 units each having a built - in gauge for measuring lateral ground reaction p . the force p on both ends of the pressurization shear member that pierce through the hole of joint member each acts at fix screw ( 46 ). the compressive force generated in coupling rod ( 48 ) for anti - buckling and centering is measured using the gauge for p . the penetration force of the resistor is transmitted to the shoe and tip of pressurization shear member using two load plates ( 36 ) that is connected to joint member as one . therefore , since the pressurization shear member is dragged by the shoe during penetration , the shear force of ground is determined by measuring the tensile force at the boundaries of pressurization shear member units . thus , the internal part of unit boundary is grooved to generate stress concentration and shear force is found from tensile force of each unit using strain gauges . moreover , the end of pressurization shear member is connected to the shoe as illustrated in fig1 and 17 . as shown in the figure , pressurization shear member of t - shape has thin width and flat in both sides in order to measure stress at the center of plate except curvature . tension gauge ( 52 ) is affixed in both sides and height control plate ( 49 ) is set over the plate . the fix pin ( 50 ) is fixed by the load plate immediately above the shoe . the tension gauge protected by waterproofed cushion and the cover ( 54 ) is fixed with 4 tapped holes ( 53 ) and flattened around the circumference . the pressurization shear member is built with a surface average roughness of 0 . 5 mm . the end , as shown in fig1 , is set to have the same thickness with that of pressurization shear member at both sides of load plate . pressurization shear member is inserted in between and slide pin ( 56 ) is set at the side in order to prevent separation of load plate when sliding vertically . moreover , in order to eliminate compressive force when rising , the upper part is concealed below the diverged joint ( not illustrated ). furthermore , thin slide sheet ( 35 ) is inserted between the pressurization shear member and load plate and it is sealed by elastic agent ( 44 ) in order to protect the connection plane of member from mud . cables of various sensors pass through the holes ( 37 ) near the boundary of joint member and load plate and rise up to rod joint . then , it passes through penetration rod ( not illustrated ), pull up to the surface and connect to measurement apparatus ( not illustrated ). moreover , fig2 shows conception diagram for h - shaped member and not for arc member . fig1 is the vertical section diagram of the resistor cut at the center of the shear plane . the cross section indicated by the arrow is shown in fig2 . the penetration rod is connected to rod joint ( 31 ) on top of the resistor . penetration force is transmitted to two arc members through branch join ( 32 ) from this pipe . the pair of arc member &# 39 ; s tip is narrowed by about θ = 1 degree using connection material ( 38 ). although the width of arc member &# 39 ; s shear plane is the same from top to bottom , the radius of curvature of exterior plane becomes small at the bottom ( the arc is from the center of member ). provided that the curvature at the tip of shoe ( 39 ) is constant and θ = 0 . the exterior pressurization plate ( 34 ) is composed of four units each having a built in instrument for measuring lateral ground reaction p . the fix screw ( 46 ) accepts p that acts on pressurization shear material in both sides of the hole which the connection material passes through . the compression force acting on connection rod ( 48 ) for anti - buckling is measured using the gauge for p . the penetration force of resistor is transmitted at the tip of shoe and pressurization shear material from the branch joint mentioned earlier to the two load transmission plates ( 36 ) that is composed of connection materials . there are four units of vane ( 41 ) attached to pressurization plate . the vane in the bottom unit is the static earth pressure vane ( 42 ) which has a wider width b compared to the other units . this is for the purpose of measuring the shear resistance in static earth pressure condition . also , in order to eliminate the disorder caused by the penetration of shoe and the lateral ground reaction due to the diameter difference of the unit and the shoe where the unit average diameter is slightly larger than the shoe . when the whole length of resistor is penetrated and rotated , shear of ground occurs at the arc due to vane . in order to cancel the shear resistance at the top and bottom of vane , upper dummy vane ( 40 ) and lower dummy vane ( 43 ) are attached ( however , the two resistance acting on the static earth pressure vane upper surface cancel each other in calculation ). the rotation shear torque is illustrated in fig2 and 23 . the pressurization shear material is mounted to load transmission plate with thin slide sheet ( 35 ) inserted in each unit . fig2 shows the side view in which the cover ( 54 ) is removed and fig2 is the cross section at its center . smooth and slippery material is used in pressurization shear surface . its left side is narrowed in shaped of the letter t as illustrated in the figure . moreover , in order to measure the pressure at the center of plate , the front and back is shaved to thin plate , tension gauge ( 52 ) is attached in both sides , height adjustment plate ( 49 ) is inserted at the top , and the right side of load transmission plate is fixed using fix pin ( 50 ). the tension gauge is protected by waterproof cushion and the lead line passes the cable drawer hole ( 51 ) and is drawn out from the cable hole ( 37 ). the cover is fixed in the four screw holes ( 53 ) and its periphery is flattened . in the other end right side , the edge of load transmission plate is made to have the same thickness with that of the vane height . the vane is connected to slide pin ( 56 ) through the cushion sheet and the pressurization shear plate is connected so that it is free to rotate while in contact with the load transmission plate . therefore , when the load transmission plate is rotated and ground is sheared by the vane , tension occurs in the pressurization shear material through the fix pin . the top of pressurization shear highest unit is concealed in the bottom of branch joint in order to prevent compression force during lifting of resistor ( not illustrated ). similarly , the bottom of pressurization shear lowest part is concealed on top of shoe upper portion ( not illustrated ). in addition , the connection side of member at the surface is protected by elastic seal ( 44 ) against invasion of trashes . the cables of different sensors pass through the cable holes ( 37 ) near the border of connection material and load transmission plate , raise up to the rod joint , pass through the penetration rod ( not illustrated ), pulled up to the surface and connected to the measurement device ( not illustrated ). the best form is shown in fig2 and 25 , where fig2 is the vertical section and fig2 is the cross section , in which the first and second embodiments are combined as one . using this apparatus , penetration shear test and rotation shear test can be applied according to situation in grounds consisting of various stratum constitutions without replacement of resistor . furthermore , it can be applied to moderately hard ground by combining the use of blow driven penetration and lubricant exudation method of the third embodiment as shown in fig2 and 28 . in fig2 , penetration is performed by administering blows where a resistor ( 62 ) is attached at the tip of a rod ( 3 ). the hammer ( 5 ) is hung ( not illustrated ) using rope ( 58 ) with a sensor . when the hammer is suddenly dropped , it triggers the initial time of fall and starts various measurement devices within few seconds . when the hammer is lifted up using connection rope ( 59 ), automatic knocking head ( 61 ) also rise up together . if the lifting is stopped maintaining a constant distance from hammer , the knocking head automatically fixed to rod and the blow force of hammer is transmitted to the rod . cushion material ( 60 ) is put over the knocking block in order to extend the transmission time of blow energy by ten times ( in order to apply to various type of ground , time is adjusted by the thickness of cushion material ). as result , multiple measurement of information from various sensors becomes possible and suggest solution to noise reduction . fig2 illustrates a mechanism example on how to make penetration easy by decreasing the friction of resistor surface ( other than shear plane ). inside the resistor or rod case ( 64 ) are the cylinder ( 69 ) and support for expansion and contraction ( 63 ) which are filled with lubricant fluid ( 70 ). the piston ( 68 ) that is also use as weight is consist of pipe fixed at the top as support , spring for holding ( 65 ), dashboard ( 67 ) with holes attached to the cylinder and spring ( 66 ) inserted in between . the piston touches the base of dashboard on top of cylinder . the blow force is transmitted through the rod to the dashboard with holes . the piston becomes the downward force as product of its mass and acceleration . the spring is compressed and lubricant fluid is spitted out of the fluid ejection tunnel ( 71 ); a valve is installed ( not illustrated ) to prevent subsurface water from flowing backward to the end ). in this case , the fluid inside the support for expansion and contraction at the top of piston passes through the dashboard with holes and flow inside the cylinder . then , while the piston gradually rises due to spring force , it passes through the tunnel ( 72 ) installed inside the piston and flow to the cylinder below the piston from the valve ( 73 ). moreover , easy expansion and contraction of support becomes possible since the internal of rod is connected to the surface and pressure is set below atmospheric pressure ( below hydraulic pressure during water flow ). also , dry coating or self - printing materials are applied to the surface in order to improve the reduction of friction on resistor . using the above apparatus , c , φ and e are measured by penetration of resistor . static penetration for relatively soft ground , rapid loading by blow driven penetration for harder ground , and trimming boring method for much harder ground that is unusually difficult to penetrate . the information of ground is very important in the design of buildings and public work structures . also , the relationship of ground to its construction , execution and repair works is significant . moreover , advanced technologies on countermeasures against mudslides and earthquake disaster and protection method against disaster are demanded increasingly . this invention solves the problems of in situ test methods which is an important field in the ground test industry , thus , it will reform the typical methods of this field and might replace these tests for the next generation .