referring first to fig1 there is illustrated a simplified block diagram of an embodiment of a wireless communications system 5 that is suitable for practicing these teachings . the wireless communications system 5 includes at least one mobile station ( ms ) 100 . the ms 100 may be embodied as a handheld cellular telephone , a vehicle - installed cellular telephone , a personal communication device , a personal data assistant ( pda ) device having wireless communication capabilities , a wireless communication module installable within or with a computer , such as a pcmcia or similar type of card or module that is installed during use within a portable data processor , such as a laptop or notebook computer , or even a computer that is wearable by the user . in general , the ms 100 may be any device capable of bidirectional communication with a wireless network . fig1 also shows an exemplary network operator or cellular system 10 having , for example , a gprs support node ( gsn ) 30 for connecting to a telecommunications network , such as a public packet data network or pdn . the gprs , or general packet radio service , is a gsm phase 2 + service in which radio resources for data transfer are allocated on a per block basis , as opposed to a circuit - switched basis . the network operator 10 also includes at least one base station controller ( bsc ) 40 , as well as a plurality of base stations or base transceiver stations ( bts ) 50 that transmit in a forward or downlink direction both physical and logical channels to the mobile station 100 in accordance with the predetermined air interface standard . a reverse or uplink communication path also exists from the mobile station 100 to the network operator , and conveys mobile originated access requests and traffic . each bts 50 is assumed to support a cell . the bts 50 through which the ms 100 is currently receiving service is considered to be the serving cell bts , while at least one other bts 50 is assumed to be supporting a neighboring or adjacent cell from which the ms 100 is required to periodically make rf signal measurements , as was described above . the air interface standard can conform to any standard that enables voice and / or packet data transmissions to occur to and from the mobile station 100 , such as packet data transmissions enabling internet 70 access and web page downloads . in the presently preferred embodiment of these teachings the air interface may support wcdma operation , or time division multiple access ( tdma ) operation . multiple different types of operations may also be supported by the ms 100 ( e . g ., wcdma / gsm ), and may also include an advanced gsm protocol and air interface . it is assumed that the air interface of the cellular system 10 supports some type of mobile station location function , such as the well - known observed time difference ( otd ) or the extended otd ( eotd ) of gsm . although not particularly relevant to these teachings , the cellular system 10 may also include a message center ( mc ) 60 that receives and forwards messages for the mobile stations 100 . other types of messaging service may include supplementary data services and one under currently development and known as multimedia messaging service ( mms ), wherein image messages , video messages , audio messages , text messages , executables and the like , and combinations thereof , can be transferred between the network and the mobile station 100 . the mobile station 100 includes a controller , such as a microcontrol unit ( mcu ) 120 having an output coupled to an input of a display 140 and an input coupled to an output of a keyboard or keypad 160 . the mcu 120 is assumed to include or be coupled to some type of a memory 130 , including a read - only memory ( rom ) for storing an operating program , as well as a random access memory ( ram ) for temporarily storing required data , scratchpad memory , received data , data to be ransmitted and the like . a separate , removable sim ( not shown ) can be provided as well , the sim storing , for example , a preferred public land mobile network ( plmn ) list and other subscriber - related information . the rom is assumed , for the purposes of this invention , to store a program enabling the mcu 120 , in cooperation with a dsp 180 described below , to execute the software routines , layers and protocols required to implement an improved mobile station motion determination function in accordance with the teachings herein . a suitable user interface ( ul ) is typically also provided via display 140 and keypad 160 . although not shown , a microphone and speaker are typically provided for enabling the user to conduct voice calls in a conventional manner . the mobile station 100 also contains a wireless section that includes the digital signal processor ( dsp ) 180 , or equivalent high speed processor , as well as a wireless transceiver that includes a transmitter 200 and a receiver 220 , both of which are coupled to an antenna 240 for communication with the cellular system operator via the serving base station 50 . the dsp 180 may implement , or receive an input from , an adc 185 used for digitizing received signal level samples of adjacent and same cell control channel transmissions , such as paging block transmissions . at least one local oscillator ( lo ) 260 , such as a frequency synthesizer , is provided for tuning the transceiver . the receiver 220 could be a direct conversion receiver , or a heterodyne - type receiver using an intermediate frequency ( if ). data , such as digitized voice and / or packet data , is transmitted and received through the antenna 240 . in a cdma embodiment , such as a wcdma embodiment , the dsp 180 is also assumed to iniplement , or communicate with , a multi - finger rake receiver 180 a and an associated pseudonoise ( pn ) code searcher function 180 b . rake receivers and pn searchers are well known in the art as evidenced by , for example , u . s . pat . no . 6 , 269 , 075 , by jean - marie tran , “ finger assignment in a cdma rake receiver ”; u . s . pat . no . 6 , 144 , 691 , by t . kenney , “ method and apparatus for synchronizing to a direct sequence spread spectrum signal ”; u . s . pat . no . 6 , 215 , 814 , by j . ylitalo et al ., “ rake receiver ”; and u . s . pat . no . 5 , 917 , 851 , by m . jarvela et al ., “ method for allocating rake branches and rake receiver ”, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties . the ms 100 also includes a gps subsystem 300 that communicates with the mcu 120 and that provides data representing a current position of the ms 100 to the mcu 120 . the gps subsystem 300 includes an antenna 310 for receiving transmissions from individual ones of the satellites 400 of the gps , and may operate as a largely self - contained system to calculate the current position of the ms 100 on the surface of the earth . the details of the operation of gps systems are well - known and well - represented in the prior art , and will not be discussed in further detail herein . having thus described a suitable hardware platform for practicing the teachings in accordance with this invention , a description of presently preferred embodiments of these teachings are now provided . the basic principle of operation has two major aspects . the first aspect pertains to the calculation of a motion indicator that is descriptive of an amount of motion , if any , of the ms 100 , and that takes into account an amount of time that the ms 100 is motionless . the motion indicator is calculated using information from several sources . in the presently preferred embodiment these sources include the gps 300 , a cellular system - based positioning system such as the above - mentioned eotd of gsm , and the normal received signal properties of the cellular system base stations 50 ( for both serving and adjacent cells ). the second aspect of these teachings relates to the optimization of the power consumption of various systems , subsystems and operations of the ms 100 in accordance with the calculated motion indicator . r 1 ( n )= received signal strength indicator ( rssi ) of the serving cell r 2 ( n )= signal to interference ratio ( sir ) of the serving cell r 3 ( n )= received signal code power ( rscp ) of the serving cell s 1 ( i , n )= received signal strength indicator ( rssi ) of adjacent cell i s 2 ( i , n )= signal to interference ratio ( sir ) of adjacent cell i s 3 ( i , n )= received signal code power ( rscp ) of adjacent cell i p 1 ( n )= position vector ( latitude , longitude , elevation ) from the gps 300 mobile station implemented techniques to determine the foregoing various parameters or metrics ( e . g ., rssi , sir , rscp , bler and ber ) are known in the art , and a particular technique may be specified for use by the applicable air interface standard . the determination of mobile station position is also well known in the art , as is the determination of gps position . a motion indicator ( m ) is defined at moment n with delay k in accordance with the equation 1 shown in fig2 a , wherein f j and g j are mapping functions that make the motion indicator differently sensitive to changes in the measured quantities at different absolute levels of the quantities , and a i ( j ) are constants that make the motion indicator differently sensitive to different quantities . the values of these functions and constants are preferably determined empirically by field and laboratory tests , with the goal being an optimization of the performance of the method . the values of these functions and constants may , however , be defined as identity functions and unity constants as a starting point , and thereafter refined in order to optimize the performance of the method and the overall degree of power conservation . a combined motion indicator is then defined in accordance with the equation 2 shown in fig2 b , where b i are constants preferably determined by simulations and field tests , and whose purpose is to weight the individual motion indicators m ( n , k ) with different coefficients . it should be noted that the quantities r m ( n ), s m ( i , n ), and p m ( n ) may not exist in all types of equipment where these teachings may be used . for example , rscp is not available in a tdma - type terminal . the foregoing list of quantities is thus to be viewed in a general sense , and a subset of the list may be used in a practical implementation . formally , any quantity that is not available in a certain type of terminal or equipment is defined as zero in the equations 1 and 2 . the power conservation algorithm operates so as to minimize the power consumption of both the gps subsystem 300 and the cellular system 10 idle mode functions , in accordance with the following pseudocode . this example assumes a cdma - based system using the multi - finger rake receiver 180 a , pn code searcher 180 b and the cellular system 10 that is assumed to transmit a paging block to the ms 100 . reference is also made to the logic flow diagram of fig3 . set the use of the searcher 180 b to searcher_usage ( 0 ); set the finger allocation of the rake receiver 180 a to “ normal ”; calculate the combined motion indicator c ( n ) in accordance with equations 1 and 2 ; reduce the finger allocation of rake 180 a to “ minimized ”; while simulations and field tests are preferably employed to determine the constants , the following general rules have been found to apply in any case : it should be noted that there will typically be small variations in c ( n ) when the ms 100 is stationary , and the value of c ( n ) becomes larger when the ms 100 begins to move . motion_threshold is the limit between the decision as to whether the ms 100 is stationary or is moving . motion_threshold is dependent on a i and b i , and it may be determined as follows : a ) maintain the ms 100 in various places ; b ) analyse the resulting distribution of c ( n ); and c ) select motion_threshold as the smallest value that is smaller than c ( n ). this should be done over a period of time such as , at most , once an hour on average . typical values for motion_timeout ( k ), k = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , may be 10 minutes , 20 , minutes , 30 minutes , . . . , i . e ., the time increments are 10 minutes . typical values for finger_timeout ( k ), k = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . , may be 2 minutes , 4 , minutes , 6 minutes , . . . , i . e ., the time increments are 2 minutes . a typical value for positioning_timeout 1 may be 15 minutes , and a typical value for positioning_timeout 2 may be 1 hour . any or all of these values may be adjusted according to the behaviour of the ms 100 during field and other types of tests . the positioning function “ normal ” operating mode refers to normal operation without additional power saving functions . the positioning function “ reduced ” operating mode means a minimal set of positioning functions when there is a high probability that the ms 100 is stationary . in those terrestrial positioning systems based on the cellular system 10 , the position determining operations may be shut down almost totally . timing tracking may be reduced to an amount necessary to track those changes caused by clock inaccuracies and drift . in the satellite - based gps system , satellite tracking is necessary at all times , but the amount of tracking can be reduced as the gps subsystem 300 can predict the position of each satellite 400 using stored orbital parameters , and from that prediction the timing of each satellite 400 can be estimated . in the “ reduced ” mode , both positioning systems ( i . e ., the terrestrial or cellular positioning system and the gps positioning subsystem 300 ) output their position vectors less frequently than in the “ normal ” mode . after a longer period of immobility , both the cellular and the gps positioning systems may be totally shut down . one benefit that is realized by the practice of these teachings is the reduced usage of the searcher 180 a and of the gps subsystem 300 , which are major power consumers in the idle mode . the reduction in the amount of fingers allocated for paging block reception in the rake receiver 180 a is less significant than the reduction in the use of the gps subsystem 300 , but still provide a noticeable reduction in power consumption . advantageously , the implementation of these teachings does not require any modifications to be made to the hardware of a typical wcdma ms 100 having a positioning service , as the power saving methods can be implemented solely through software . while described above primarily in the context of a cdma embodiment , those skilled in the art should realize that these teachings have wider applicability , and may be applied as well to tdma cellular systems with suitable modifications being made to certain of the elements of equation 1 , as discussed above . furthermore , more or less than the specific elements shown in equation 1 may be employed . also , the reception of a paging block per se is not mandatory , as other types of cellular system transmissions may be received and measured . it should be apparent that the use of the gps information , in conjunction with the information obtained relative to the cellular system , is beneficial when the gps information is available . in general , the gps is more reliable than other methods used to determine the motion of the ms 100 as gps measures the position directly , while other methods use more indirect indicators of ms 100 motion . on the other hand , a gps receiver typically consumes more power than the other methods . an important aspect of these teachings is that one may shut down the gps subsystem 300 without compromising the quality of the other positioning services . also , those positioning services based on the cellular base stations 50 consume more power than other indicators , which can become automatically available while executing the mandatory functions of the ms 100 . it can thus be appreciated that most if not all portable wireless communication terminals consume some power when performing unnecessary functions . most specifically , the ms 100 is designed to execute various functions in order to maintain the connection to cellular system via the base stations 50 when in motion ( e . g ., handoff and related signal measurement functions ). however , the power consumed in performing many of these functions can be wasted during those periods while the ms 100 is stationary . as the conventional ms 100 idle mode functions are normally power efficient , it would become counter - productive to add new ( power consuming ) measurements to determine whether the ms 100 is in motion . the teachings of this invention therefore employ a group of parameters that are present in any case within the ms 100 when executing mandatory or otherwise necessary functions , and uses these parameters in a novel manner to determine whether the ms 100 is in motion or whether it is stationary . these teachings supplement the use of the ms 100 derived cellular system - related parameters with information obtained from the gps subsystem 300 , and thereby provides a more robust and improved motion detection system , enabling increased power savings . while these teachings have been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of these teachings .