fermentation of lactobacillus bulgaricus was done in 300 l fermenter with working volume of 220 l . liquid nutrient medium was composed of 10 g / l of yeast extract , 20 g / l glucose , 20 g / l pepton + beef extract , 2 g / l k 2 hpo4 , 5 g / l ch 3 coona , 0 . 2 g / l mgso 4 , 0 . 05 g / l mnso4 , and 0 . 1 g / l tween 80 . fermenting was made anaerobic conditions at temperature 40 +− 3 ° c . fermenting period was 22 hours . biomass was separated from the suspension on centrifuge sorvall 3b at 4000 r / min . moisture biomass yield was 1 . 6 kg , dried one − 440 g . wet biomass was rinsed twice by 1 l of distilled water , then was suspended in 1 l of ch3coona for 2 - 4 hours , and again was rinsed by water using centrifuge servile - 5b at 8000 r / min . biomass was exposed for 1 - 2 hours in 1 l of ch 3 coona at 60 - 80 ° c . and rinsed by distilled water . then , 50 - 70 % ethanol was used to rinse the biomass until supernatant liquid becomes colorless . 96 % ethanol was used to stabilize the biomass . this processing was needed to preserve the biomass at room temperature for following hydrolysis . moisture biomass should be stored at − 60 ° c . 1 . 6 kg moist biomass was rinsed by distilled water and 0 . 5m ch 3 cooh , then resespended in 2 . 5 l h 2 o and kept at 90 ° c . for 20 - 30 min . after that , it was diluted in 10 l h 2 o + 70 g nahco 3 ( to achieve p h = 6 . 0 ) and added 8 g of lyzosyme ( canadian inovatech , inc ., vancouver , canada ). hydrolysis was done for 11 . 5 h in the shaking incubator at 54 ° c . then , 3 g of trypsin was added for 6 hours . 110 ml ch 3 cooh was added to achieve ph = 4 . 0 and was centrifuged on beckman j - 6 g at 4000 rpm for 30 min . cartridge with the membrane capable of retaining compounds with molecular weight less than 3000 d and with s = 0 . 09m 2 . at speed 2 . 5 l / h ( millipore corp , usa ) were used . 1 . 8 l solution with retained nuclear acids , phospholipids , and lysozyme was wasted . 10 l was passed through column with micro pore cationite in h - form in order to eliminate residual lysozyme and pigments . sephadex g - 25 and g - 50 was used for separation of this novel glucosaminemuramyl pentapeptide . a distinct pick of neutral glucopeptide fraction was identified . this fraction of 1000 d molecular weight was collected and freeze dried . amino acid analysis revealed l - ala -, d - isogly , d - asp , and l - lys in the ratio 2 : 1 : 1 . the ratio of l - ala and d - ala was 1 : 1 a549 cells ( human lung cancer ) were seeded in six - well plates , and after 24 h ( 70 % confluence ) treated with 25 ug / ml cycloheximide ( chx ) and either 100 u / ml human tnf ( beoringer ) or an agonist monoclonal antibody to fas ( panerva ) in concentration 200 ng / ml . gmdp , and gmhp were added just prior to the cytokine in the concentrations discussed in the figure legends . twenty hours after the treatment 20 ul of the cultured supernatant was removed and tested for the ldh activity in 96 well plates in triplicate . samples were assayed on an el340 microplate reader ( biotec instruments , inc ) at 490 - nm wavelength . fig1 demonstrates the effect of gmdp and gmhp on ldh release . one can see enhanced potency of gmhp in comparison with gmdp . the level of the ldh activity was comparable to ldh background release by control intact cells . the purpose of this experiment was to show the synergistic effect of nag and d - glutamine on ldh release . technically the experiment was similar to example 1 . both ingredients were added in concentration 1 ug / ml . one can see , that l - glutamine does not protect cells from tnf alpha cytotoxicity ( fig2 ). almost 50 % inhibition of ldh activity was noticed for nag + d - glutamine composition . this example explains why gmhp possesses more potency compared to gmdp . the glucosamine muramyl hexapeptide has 3 d - amino acids while gmdp has only one d - isoglutamine .