the present invention is directed to methods and systems for monitoring , documenting , and guiding patch cord changes in a patch field of a communications network . the invention uses smart patch cords having unique identification information programmed into hardware within the smart patch cords . fig1 is a block diagram showing a smart patch cord 10 according to one embodiment of the invention . the smart patch cord 10 has a patch panel plug 12 for insertion into a port 31 of an intelligent patch panel and a switch plug 14 for insertion into a network switch such as an ethernet switch . in the embodiment shown in fig1 , the smart patch cord 10 includes ten wires . the first through eighth wires 16 are ethernet communication wires and they terminate at rj - 45 plugs 18 ( as shown in fig2 and 4 ) at the patch panel plug 12 and the switch plug 14 ends of the smart patch cord 10 . the ninth wire 20 and the tenth wire 22 of the smart patch cord 10 have different terminations on their two ends . at the patch panel plug end , the ninth and tenth wires 20 and 22 terminate at first and second contact plates 24 and 26 ( as shown in fig3 ). at the network switch plug end , the ninth and tenth wires 20 and 22 terminate at a pogo switch assembly 28 provided within the network switch plug 14 of the smart patch cord 10 . the port 31 of the intelligent patch panel may comprise a jack 30 and ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 . turning now to fig2 , a side view of a patch panel plug 12 of a smart patch cord 10 being plugged into a modular jack 30 of an intelligent patch panel port 31 is shown . in the rj - 45 jack embodiment shown , the modular jack 30 contains eight contacts that are electrically connected to the first through eighth wires 16 of the smart patch cord 10 . in addition , the first and second contact plates 24 and 26 of the patch panel plug 12 contact ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 associated with the intelligent patch panel port 31 . fig3 shows the first and second contact plates 24 and 26 of the patch panel plug 12 being inserted between the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 of the intelligent patch panel port 31 . the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 of the intelligent patch panel port 31 are arranged to maintain contact with the first and second contact plates 24 and 26 , respectively , while the patch panel plug 12 is connected to the intelligent patch panel port 31 . the first and second contact plates 24 and 26 are separated by an insulator layer 25 . the operation of the switch plug 14 of the smart patch cord 10 will now be described . as shown in fig1 , the smart patch cord 10 includes leds and control circuitry 15 , identification circuitry 17 , and plug detection circuitry 19 . the leds and control circuitry 15 provide leds on the switch plug 14 and also allow for control of the leds . the identification circuitry 17 allows each smart patch cord 10 in a network to be uniquely identified . the plug detection circuitry 19 allows for detection of when the smart patch cord 10 is plugged into an ethernet switch port . in the embodiment of fig1 , all these circuits are provided in the switch plug 14 , but circuits may be located in other parts of the smart patch cord 10 . specific circuit designs for the led control circuitry 15 , the identification circuitry 17 , and the plug detection circuitry 19 will now be shown and described with reference to fig1 a - 1 e . the switch plug 14 has a pogo pin 36 that is spring - biased to an outward position as shown in fig4 . in the embodiment of fig1 a , the pogo pin 34 operates a normally open switch 38 so that when the pogo pin 36 is pushed into the pogo switch assembly 28 upon insertion of the switch plug 14 into a switch port , the normally open switch 38 of the pogo switch assembly 28 is closed . this enables the intelligent patch panel to determine when the switch plug 14 has been plugged into a switch port . in the embodiment of fig1 a , the transistors q 1 , q 2 , and q 3 ; resistors r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , and r 4 ; and leds 54 a and 54 b provide the functionality of the leds and control circuitry 15 as shown in fig1 . the id integrated circuit 50 , diode d 1 , and resistor r 6 provide the functionality of the identification circuitry 17 as shown in fig1 by responding to an intelligent patch panel 40 ( further shown and described below with reference to fig7 ) with an id number when the intelligent patch panel 40 requests to read the id . the circuitry 51 illustrated on the far left side of fig1 a is a representative view of the circuitry of an intelligent patch panel 40 . it is desired that the leds and control circuitry 15 be able to selectively turn the green led 54 a or the red led 54 b on and not interfere with the functionality of the id integrated circuit 50 . the embodiment shown in fig1 a satisfies this requirement . fig1 b and 1 c provide an example simulation of the led control circuitry of fig1 a . the leds 54 a and 54 b are turned on with a reverse voltage applied to the ninth and tenth wires 20 and 22 of the smart patch cord 10 . this reverse voltage is labeled v in , in fig1 a and 1 b ( the reverse voltage circuitry in the intelligent patch panel 40 is not shown ). for v in , less than v 1 , both leds 54 a and 54 b are essentially off . here the input voltage is not high enough to provide enough current into the red led 54 b to make it very bright and the voltage is too low to turn q i on to even provide current to the green led 54 a . the transistor q 1 and resistors r 1 and r 2 implement a common circuit called a vbe multiplier , which multiplies the base - emitter voltage of a transistor by the ratio of r 2 / r 1 . for input voltages v 1 & lt ; v in & lt ; v 2 , the red led 54 b is on and the green led 54 a still remains off here the v in provides enough voltage to produce enough current into the red led 54 b to turn it on brightly . the v in within this range still is not large enough to provide enough current into the green led 54 a . as the input voltage is increased such that v 2 & lt ; v in & lt ; v 3 , the red led 54 b is still on and now the green led 54 a begins to turn on . once v in exceeds v 3 , the green led 54 a stays on but the red led 54 b turns off because the current through r 2 produces a sufficient voltage across it to turn q 2 on , which then turns on q 3 . this diverts the current from the red led 54 b into q 1 and thus turns the red led 54 b off . in order to operate this circuit effectively , three voltages ( or states ) must be defined : a voltage for which both leds are off ( v off ), a voltage for when only the red led 54 b is on ( v red ), and a voltage when only the green led 54 a is on ( v green ). an example definition of these voltages is shown below : 0 . 5 v & lt ; v off & lt ; 1v both leds off 2 . 0 v & lt ; v red & lt ; 2 . 5 v only the red led 54 b is on v green & gt ; 4 . 25 v only the green led 54 a is on . the integrated circuit ( ic ) 50 that provides the identification ( id ) number of the smart patch cord 10 at the request of the intelligent patch panel 40 is implemented in fig1 a and can have the protocol as shown in fig1 d . in fig1 d , a forward voltage ( e . g ., 5 v ) is applied to the ic 50 , and when the intelligent patch panel 40 requests an id number from the smart patch cord 50 , the intelligent patch panel 40 drives the input low and back high in a defined manner such that the ic 50 recognizes this as an id number request . the ic 50 responds with a series of high - to - low transitions that represent the id number . this protocol has been implemented and defined in the industry . one such example is the one - wire ™ protocol developed by the dallas semiconductor corporation , and an example of an ic that could be used for ic 50 is the dallas semiconductor ds2401 ic . the data sheet for this semiconductor , entitled “ ds2401 silicon serial number ,” dallas semiconductor publication no . 022102 , is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety . the diode d 1 in the circuitry shown in fig1 a is included to prevent damage to the ic 50 and to prevent interference by the id circuitry 17 with the leds and control circuitry 15 and the plug detection circuitry 19 . the diode d 1 effectively eliminates the ic 50 from the circuit when reverse voltages ( to operate the leds and control circuitry 15 and the plug detection circuitry 19 ) are applied . such a reverse voltage , with wire ten at a higher potential than wire 9 , is shown in fig1 a . the diode d 1 allows the ic 50 to operate when a forward voltage is applied across wires nine and ten , and the leds and control circuitry 15 and the plug detection circuitry 19 are effectively removed from the circuit when a forward voltage is applied . the resistor r 6 ensures that the diode d 1 is sufficiently turned on when a forward voltage is applied . the switch 38 of fig1 a is a normally open switch that allows the intelligent patch panel 40 to detect when the switch plug 14 is inserted into an ethernet switch port 72 . the switch 38 is a “ pogo ” style switch such that when the switch plug 14 is inserted into the ethernet jack , the pogo pin 36 ( as shown in fig4 ) is depressed and the switch 38 closes . the intelligent patch panel 40 continuously monitors the smart patch cords connected to it and if it detects that resistor r 5 is present in the circuit , the intelligent patch panel 40 will determine that the patch cord is inserted into the ethernet switch . if the resistor r 5 is not detected by the intelligent patch panel 40 , the intelligent patch panel 40 will determine that the patch cord is not inserted into an ethernet switch . the diode d 2 allows current to flow through the resistor r 5 only when a reverse voltage is applied across wire nine 20 and wire ten 22 ( i . e ., wire ten 22 is at a higher potential than wire nine 20 ). the leds and control circuitry 15 cause three different magnitudes of current to flow in wires 20 and 22 corresponding to the three different voltage levels which determine the state of the leds . when pogo switch 38 is closed , each of the three different voltage levels which determine the state of the leds cause three different currents to flow through the switch 28 and the resistor r 5 , and these currents also flow through wires 20 and 22 . the intelligent patch panel correlates the reverse voltage applied to wires nine and ten with the total current flowing through them to determine if the switch plug 14 is plugged into a switch port 72 . if no current is flowing through wires nine and ten when a reverse voltage is applied , the intelligent patch panel concludes that no smart patch cord is plugged into a patch panel port 31 or 60 . a reverse voltage is constantly applied except when a patch cord id is being read with a forward voltage . fig1 e shows another embodiment of the circuitry of the smart patch cord 10 . in the embodiment of fig1 e , the led control circuitry is slightly different from the circuitry shown in fig1 a . the led control circuitry of fig1 e operates in a reverse voltage mode similarly to the circuitry of fig1 a , except that the leds 54 a and 54 b are controlled differently . in the embodiment shown in fig1 e , at a sufficiently low voltage , both leds 54 a and 54 b will remain off . at a higher input voltage v in , the red led 54 b will turn on , but the voltage will be too low for both the diode d 2 ′ of fig1 e and the green led 54 a to turn on . at a still higher input voltage v in , the red led 54 b will remain on and the voltage will be sufficiently large for the green led 54 a to also turn on . when both the green led 54 a and the red led 54 b are on , if one mixes the resulting light , it will appear to the user as amber in color . if one does not mix the resulting light , the fact that both the red led 54 b and the green led 54 a are on can be used to signify an event . hence , three states will exist for the leds in the embodiment of fig1 e : ( 1 ) both leds off ; ( 2 ) red led 54 b on ; and ( 3 ) both leds on . in the embodiment of fig1 e , the switch 38 ′, which allows the intelligent patch panel 40 to detect when the switch plug 14 is plugged into a switch port , is a normally open switch . the physical aspects of the switch plug 14 are further shown in fig4 , 5 , and 6 . fig4 is a perspective view of an unplugged switch plug 14 , with the pogo pin 36 in its extended position . fig5 and 6 show front and rear views , respectively , of the switch plug 14 . first through eighth contacts 52 of the switch plug 14 correspond to first through eighth wires of the smart patch cord . as shown in fig6 and as further described below , light - emitting diodes ( leds ) 54 a and 54 b are provided on the switch plug 14 and are visible from the rear . according to one embodiment , the leds of the switch plug 14 are a green led 54 a and a red led 54 b . the first through eighth wires 16 , the ninth wire 20 , and the tenth wire 22 of the smart patch cord may be provided as a five - pair cable 56 that is terminated at the switch plug 14 . fig7 is a front view of an intelligent patch panel 40 for use with the smart patch cord 10 . the intelligent patch panel 40 illustrated in fig7 has 24 signal ports 31 a - 31 x on its front face . a network management system ( nms ) ethernet connection 58 connects to a management port of the intelligent patch panel 40 and allows the intelligent patch panel 40 to communicate with a network management system . a provisioning port 60 is also provided on the face of the intelligent patch panel 40 . each of the signal ports 31 a - 31 x has an associated smart cord contact assembly 62 , comprising the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 associated with each of the ports 31 a - 31 x . each signal port 31 a - 31 x also has an associated led 64 a - 64 x . the provisioning port 60 has an led 66 , an associated push button switch 68 , and a smart cord contact assembly 69 . the push button switch 68 is used to provide information to the user as to where patch cords are connected . this can be done by lighting leds that represent the two connecting ends of patch cords for cross - connect and interconnect applications . according to one embodiment , when the user pushes the push button switch 68 once , the led 64 a associated with the first signal port 31 a will light , and so will an led ( for example , led 54 a or 54 b ) in the switch plug 14 of the smart patch cord 10 that is plugged into the first signal port 31 a . when the user pushes the push button switch 68 a second time , the led 64 b associated with the second signal port 31 b will light , and so will an led in the switch plug 14 of the smart patch cord that is plugged into the second signal port 31 b . likewise , in cross - connect applications , leds associated with both ends of each patch cord can be lighted in this manner . the user may terminate this process , for example , by pushing the push button switch 68 twice rapidly or by holding down the push button switch 68 . the provisioning port 60 is preferably located near the center of the face of the intelligent patch panel 40 to reduce problems with patch cord lengths , though an alternative end location is shown in fig8 , 10 , and 12 . the intelligent patch panel 40 may have a separate power connection ( not shown ), or it may receive power via power - over - ethernet through the nms connection 58 . the intelligent patch panel 40 includes processing circuitry , communication circuitry , and memory that enable it to perform the functions described below . fig8 - 10 illustrate how the intelligent patch panel 40 works in conjunction with a smart patch cord 10 to guide an installer in the addition of a patch cord to a network . the intelligent patch panel 40 is located near an ethernet switch 70 in an interconnect network , preferably in a data closet . in order to guide the addition of a patch cord connection between the intelligent patch panel 40 and the ethernet switch 70 , first a work order to add a new patch cord is issued . the locations of the ports to which to connect the new patch cord may be displayed on a display in the data closet . in addition , leds of the switch plug 14 and of the ports of the intelligent patch panel 40 signal operations to be performed by the installer . these led signals are as follows : on : add a plug flashing ; remove a plug green : normal operation red : an error has been made . to begin the addition of a patch cord to the network , the installer plugs the patch panel plug 12 of the smart patch cord 10 into the provisioning port 60 of the intelligent patch panel 40 , as shown by the arrow “ a ” of fig8 . the provisioning port 60 will have its associated led 66 lit in solid green to guide the installer . after the patch panel plug 12 has been inserted into the provisioning port 60 , the green led 66 of the provisioning port turns off and the intelligent patch panel 40 reads the identification number of the identification circuit 50 ( as shown in fig1 ) through the ninth and tenth wires of the smart patch cord 10 . the intelligent patch panel 40 also sends a signal through the smart patch cord 10 to light the green led 54 a on the switch plug 14 ( as shown in fig9 ). the installer then plugs the switch plug 14 into the appropriate port 72 of the ethernet switch 70 , as shown by the arrow “ b ” of fig9 . this initiates the intelligent patch panel provisioning operation . when a patch cord connected to the provisioning port 60 is connected to a switch port , the intelligent patch panel 40 sends a message which includes the patch cord id number to the nms through the patch cord and the switch port . the nms then determines which switch and switch port this message was received on by reading the routing tables in the ethernet switch . prior to sending the message that includes the id number , the intelligent patch panel may send an ethernet link - up message to the nms that the network management system will interpret as the addition of a new patch cord , and the nms may send a simple network management protocol ( snmp ) message to the intelligent patch panel requesting the id number of the new smart patch cord . if the switch plug 14 is plugged into the correct port 72 of the ethernet switch 70 , the green led 54 a turns off if the switch plug 14 is plugged into the wrong switch port , the red led 54 b will flash . if the intelligent patch panel provisioning operation is successful , the provisioning port led 66 will flash green until the patch panel plug 12 is removed from the provisioning port 60 . if the operation fails , the provisioning port led 66 will flash red and the installer should retry the operation . if the operation fails after the retry , the smart patch cord 10 can be programmed manually . after the patch panel plug 12 is removed from the provisioning port 60 following a successful provisioning operation , an led associated with the intelligent patch panel signal port into which the patch panel plug 12 is to be inserted will turn on solid green or will flash green . in the example shown in fig1 , the patch panel plug 12 is to be plugged into the seventeenth signal port 31 q of the intelligent patch panel 40 , and the seventeenth patch panel port led 64 q turns on solid green to indicate the designated port to the installer . the installer plugs the patch panel plug 12 into the designated port , as shown by the arrow “ c ” of fig1 . if the addition of the smart patch cord 10 is successful , the led 64 q will turn off . if the patch cord 10 is plugged into the wrong port , the wrong port &# 39 ; s associated led will flash red and the installer must take the patch cord out of the wrong intelligent patch panel signal port and locate the designated signal port adjacent to the activated green led 64 q . when a patch cord is plugged into any signal port , the intelligent patch panel will read the id number of the patch cord to ensure it is the correct patch cord . if it is not the correct patch cord , the led 64 of that port will flash red and the patch cord plug must be removed from that port . fig1 and 12 illustrate the process of removing a smart patch cord 10 that is connected between an intelligent patch panel 40 and an ethernet switch 70 , preferably within a data closet . first , a work order to remove a patch cord is issued . the locations of the ports from which to disconnect the patch cord are displayed on a display in the data closet . the installer is guided to the ethernet switch side of the smart patch cord 10 first by an led 54 a on the switch plug 14 . the led 54 a may flash green to indicate to the installer that the switch plug 14 is to be removed . the installer then removes the switch plug 14 from the ethernet switch port 72 , as shown by the arrow “ d ” of fig1 . upon successful removal of the switch plug 14 from the correct switch port 72 , the led 54 a turns off . if the led 54 b turns red following removal of the switch plug , that indicates that the switch plug was removed from the wrong port . if this occurs , that patch cord must be removed from the intelligent patch panel 40 and the patch cord addition procedure must be followed . when the patch cord has been correctly removed from the ethernet switch 70 , the intelligent patch panel 40 sends a message to the nms indicating which patch cord was removed . once the smart patch cord 10 is removed from the ethernet switch 70 , an nms database disassociates the identification number of the smart patch cord from the ethernet switch port to which it had been connected . to continue the removal process for the smart patch cord 10 , as shown in fig1 , the installer is guided to the intelligent patch panel 40 by the intelligent patch panel port led 64 q that is associated with the port from which the smart patch cord 10 is to be removed . the led 64 q flashes green to indicate the designated signal port . the installer then removes the patch panel plug 12 from the patch panel designated signal port 31 q , as shown by the arrow “ e ” of fig1 . if the patch panel plug 12 was removed correctly , the led 64 q will turn off , indicating success . if the led 64 turns red upon removal of the patch panel plug 12 , this indicates that the incorrect patch panel plug was removed and the installer should reinsert the removed plug and remove the designated plug as indicated by a flashing green led 64 q . if any patch cord addition or removal function which has started has not been successfully completed , no additional such functions will be ordered until the problem has been resolved . fig1 is a block diagram showing a smart patch cord 100 according to another embodiment of the invention . the smart patch cord 100 operates in a manner similar to that described above , thus the indicator lights are not shown . an intelligent patch panel can detect whether the switch plug 114 of the smart patch cord 100 is plugged into a switch port by performing resistance measurements on the ninth and tenth wires 120 and 122 of the smart patch cord 100 without interfering with signal wires 116 . the pogo switch assembly 128 will result in different resistance measurements reflecting the plugged or unplugged status of the switch plug 114 . the intelligent patch panel initiates status detection for a smart patch cord 100 by placing a voltage across the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 associated with the intelligent patch panel port 31 . the intelligent patch panel then makes resistance measurements across the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 . if a very high resistance is measured across the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 , the condition is determined to be an open circuit between the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 and the intelligent patch panel determines that no smart patch cord is plugged into the associated port of the intelligent patch panel . to detect the plugged or unplugged status of the switch plug 114 of a smart patch cord 100 that is plugged into the port 31 of the intelligent patch panel , the intelligent patch panel places forward and reverse voltages on the ninth and tenth wires 120 and 122 to perform forward and reverse resistance measurements . in the forward measurement , a voltage is placed across the ninth and tenth wires 120 and 122 so that the ninth wire 120 has the higher potential . in the reverse measurement , a voltage is placed across the ninth and tenth wires 120 and 122 so that the tenth wire 122 has the higher potential . if the switch plug 114 of the smart patch cord 100 is unplugged , the normally open switch 138 will be open . thus , in the forward measurement ( with the ninth wire 120 being at a higher potential than the tenth wire 122 ), a high resistance will result across the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 of the port 31 because current will flow through both the first and second plug presence detection resistors 142 and 144 , which are connected in series . the measured resistance in the forward measurement will be r = r 1 + r 2 . in the reverse measurement ( with the tenth wire 122 being at a higher potential than the ninth wire 120 ), a low resistance will be measured across the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 of the port 31 because current will flow through the reverse detection resistors 146 ( which are connected in parallel with the series connection between the first and second plug detection resistors 142 and 144 ) in addition to the first and second plug presence resistors 142 and 144 . diodes 148 ensure that current will flow through the reverse detection resistors 146 in parallel with the series connection between the first and second plug resistors 142 and 144 only during the reverse measurement process and not during the forward measurement process . if the switch plug 114 of the smart patch cord 100 is plugged into a network switch , the normally open switch 138 will be closed . thus , in the forward measurement , a lower resistance will result across the ninth and tenth contacts 32 and 34 of the port 31 because current will flow only through the first plug presence detection resistor 142 , with the closed switch 138 effectively shunting the second plug presence detection resistor 144 out of the circuit . the measured resistance in the forward measurement will be r = r 1 . in the reverse measurement , with the normally open switch 138 being closed , again a lower resistance will be measured because current will also flow through the reverse detection resistors 146 , which are connected to the circuit in parallel . the identification circuit 150 is also included in the pogo switch assembly 128 . similar to the embodiment shown in fig1 e , the detection circuitry contains only passive elements . the principles of the present invention may be applied to other specific systems . for example , patch cords according to other embodiments of the present invention are designed for use in optical communication networks or in other electrical communication networks that do not employ rj - 45 plugs and jacks . the present invention may also be applied in a cross - connect application . it will be appreciated that various of the above - disclosed and other features and functions , or alternatives thereof , may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications . for example , “ a ” may denote the use of one or more elements . the lists presented herein are intended to be exemplary rather than limiting . also , variations presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives , modifications , variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art , and are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims .