various aspects of the invention will now be illustrated by way of example only with reference to the following non - limiting examples . sodium hydride ( 60 % dispersion in mineral oil , 0 . 11 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) was mixed with 3 - 5 ml of dry dimethylformamide and 3 - fluorophenol ( 0 . 244 ml , 2 . 7 mmol ) was added to the stirred suspension . when the gas evolution was ceased the reaction mixture was heated at stirring at 60 ° c . and 5 - bromo - 2 - nitropyridine ( 0 . 5 g , 2 . 5 mmol ) was added to the reaction mixture in one portion . the reaction - mixture was stirred at 60 ° c . for about 12 hours . the reaction mixture was then mixed with 50 ml of water and extracted into methylene chloride ( 3 × 20 ml ). organic extract was washed with water and brine , dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated by rotary evaporation . the resulting mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , etoac / hexane 1 : 3 ) to give 190 mg ( 33 % yield ) of desired product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 31 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 24 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 38 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 08 - 7 . 20 ( m , 4h ). 5 -( 3 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was mixed with 15 - 20 ml of ethanol and bubbled with argon . about 20 mg of pd / c was added to the reaction mixture and hydrogen gas was applied at normal pressure and ambient temperature for 3 - 12 h . the reaction was monitored by tlc . after the reaction was complete , the reaction mixture was bubbled with argon , filtered through celite and the solution obtained was concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 165 mg of desired aminopyridine ( quantitative yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 92 ( d , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 22 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 73 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 62 ( d tr , 1h ), 6 . 54 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 82 ( dd , 2h ), 6 . 64 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 42 ( br s , 2h ). ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 50 mg , 0 . 22 mmol , ˜ 95 % ee ) was mixed with toluene ( 1 , 5 ml ), triethylamine ( 1 . 1 eq ), 5 -( 3 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - aminopyridine ( 1 . 1 eq ), dppa ( 1 . 1 eq ) and bubbled with argon for about 5 min . the reaction mixture was then heated at stirring at 110 ° c . for 3 h under in a closed vial . the reaction mixture was concentrated by mtary evaporation and purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 1 ). desired product was obtained as beige - white powder ( 60 mg , yield 64 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 57 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 47 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 61 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 28 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 89 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 79 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 70 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 64 ( d tr , 1h ), 6 . 56 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 80 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 59 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 92 - 1 . 99 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 428 , m − 4 . 26 . 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 4 - fluorophenol ( 0 . 3 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 310 mg of product ( 54 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 31 ( d , ˜ 1h ), 8 . 24 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 39 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 08 - 7 . 22 ( m , 4h ). 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine to give 270 mg of product as beige powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 88 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 17 ( dd , 2h ), 6 . 99 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 89 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 52 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 42 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ] n ′-[ 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 50 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 20 mg of pure product as white powder ( 21 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 40 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 05 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 52 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 23 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 00 - 7 . 08 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 86 - 6 . 94 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 73 - 6 . 82 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 56 ( d tr , 1h ), 6 . 56 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 44 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 78 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 59 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 92 - 1 . 99 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 428 , m − 426 . 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 3 - chlorophenol ( 0 . 35 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 280 mg of product ( 45 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 36 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 27 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 40 ( app dd , 1h ), 7 . 29 ( ddd , 1h ), 7 . 02 ( ddd , 1h ), 7 . 14 ( app dd , 1h ). 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine to give 80 mg of white powder after purification by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , etoac ). yield 32 %. 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 90 ( app dd , 1h ), 7 . 25 - 7 . 31 ( m , 1h ), 7 . 15 - 7 . 22 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 98 - 7 . 05 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 89 - 6 . 95 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 50 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 42 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 54 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 28 mg of pure product as white powder ( 28 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 46 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 34 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 59 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 23 - 7 . 29 ( m , ˜ 2h ), 7 . 09 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 91 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 86 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 75 - 6 . 84 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 56 ( d tr , 1h ), 4 . 46 ( dd , 1h ). 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 80 ( app . q , 1h ), 2 . 59 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 96 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 410 , m − 408 . 5 -( 3 - cyanophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 3 - hydroxybenzonitrile ( 0 . 32 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give solid material after the reaction mixture was mixed with water , which was collected by filtration and washed with ether to give 188 mg of yellow crystals ( 32 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 39 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 30 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 60 ( app . dd , 2h ), 7 . 50 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 42 ( m , 1h ), 7 . 35 - 7 . 40 ( m , 1h ). 3 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 3 -[( 6 - nitro - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile to give 31 mg of beige powder after purification by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , etoac ). yield 19 %. 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 90 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 36 - 7 . 41 ( m , 1h ), 7 . 32 ( d tr , 1h ), 7 . 14 - 7 . 22 ( m , ˜ 3h ), 6 . 56 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 65 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 3 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile ( 33 mg , 0 . 15 mmol ). solid material formed in the reaction mixture was collected by filtration and washed with ethanol to give 15 mg of pure product as slightly beige powder ( 25 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 35 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 65 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 61 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 38 - 7 . 48 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 27 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 16 - 7 . 20 ( m 2h ), 6 . 78 - 6 . 86 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 71 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 59 ( d tr , 1h ), 4 . 48 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 82 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 62 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 98 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 435 , m − 433 . 5 -( 3 - cyanophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 3 - hydroxybenzonitrile ( 0 . 7 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 555 mg of product ( 46 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 40 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 32 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 77 ( d , 2h ), 7 . 56 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 20 ( app d , 2h ). lc - ms : m − 300 (+ ch 3 coo − ). 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 4 -[( 6 - nitro - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile ( 40 mg ) to give 31 mg of brown oil . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 92 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 58 ( app d , 2h ), 7 . 21 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 97 ( app d , 2h ), 6 . 58 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 56 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 3 - chlorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 3 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile ( 54 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 18 mg ( yield 31 %) of product as white powder after additional purification by preparative hplc ( xterra ms c18 19 × 100 mm column , water / acetonitrile with 0 . 05 % trifluoroacetic acid ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 41 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 30 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 66 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 63 ( app d , 2h ), 7 . 30 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 96 ( app d , 2h ), 6 . 89 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 75 - 6 . 83 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 57 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 48 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 81 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 62 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 98 ( m , 1h ). 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 4 - fluorophenol ( 0 . 3 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 326 mg of product ( 57 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 34 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 25 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 38 ( ddd , 1h ), 7 . 22 - 7 . 34 ( m , 4h ). 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine ( 326 mg ) to give 200 mg ( 70 % yield ) of product as white crystals after purification by column chromatography on silica ( 25 g , etoac / hexane 1 : 1 ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 90 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 10 - 7 . 20 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 00 - 7 . 06 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 88 - 6 . 95 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 50 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 55 ( br s , ˜ 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 4 - flurophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 50 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 60 mg of pure product as white powder ( 64 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 40 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 9 . 39 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 53 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 07 - 7 . 26 ( m , 4h ), 6 . 93 - 7 . 00 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 84 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 74 ( app d tr , 1h ), 6 . 53 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 43 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 78 ( app q , 1h ), 2 . 57 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 90 - 1 . 97 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 428 , m − 426 . 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 2 , 5 - difluorophenol ( 0 . 35 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 400 mg of product ( 64 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 35 ( brd , 1h ), 8 . 28 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 44 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 24 - 7 . 28 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 96 - 7 . 06 ( m , 2h ). 5 -( 4 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized anaiogousiy to example 2 from 5 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine to give 370 mg of product as beige powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 92 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 21 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 06 - 7 . 14 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 67 - 6 . 74 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 56 - 6 . 52 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 53 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 44 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyndinamine ( 55 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 40 mg of pure product as white powder ( 41 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 50 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 45 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 61 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 28 ( dd , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 10 - 7 . 18 m , 1h ), 6 . 86 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 75 - 6 . 84 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 61 - 6 . 66 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 56 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 82 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 59 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 93 - 1 . 99 ( m , 1h ). lcms : m + 446 , m − 444 . 5 -( 3 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 3 , 5 - difluorophenol ( 0 . 35 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 210 mg of product ( 34 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 38 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 30 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 55 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 76 ( tr tr , 1h ), 7 . 63 - 6 . 70 ( m , 2h ). 5 -( 3 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 3 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine to give about 200 mg of product as brown - beige powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 92 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 19 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 54 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 39 - 6 . 51 ( m , 2h ) 4 . 75 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 55 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 60 mg of pure product as white powder ( 61 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 70 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 45 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 65 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 28 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 90 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 77 - 6 . 85 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 51 - 6 . 61 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 39 - 6 . 46 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 48 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 83 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 60 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 94 - 2 . 10 ( m , 1h ). 5 -( 2 , 3 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 2 , 3 - difluorophenol ( 0 . 3 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 210 mg of product as white powder ( 34 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 37 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 27 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 13 - 7 . 23 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 13 - 7 . 02 ( m , 1h ). 5 -( 2 , 3 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 2 , 3 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine ( 210 mg ) to give 180 mg of product as brown powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 92 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 20 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 84 - 6 . 99 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 62 - 6 . 68 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 52 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 40 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 2 , 3 - diflurophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 2 , 3 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 55 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 50 mg of pure product as white powder ( 51 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 49 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 9 . 40 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 58 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 27 ( dd , ˜ 1h ), 9 . 93 - 7 . 06 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 86 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 74 - 6 . 81 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 66 - 6 . 72 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 56 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 82 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 59 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 92 - 1 . 99 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 446 , m − 444 . 5 -( 3 , 4 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 3 , 4 - difluorophenol ( 0 . 35 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 230 mg of product ( 37 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 33 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 27 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 44 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 23 - 7 . 31 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 97 - 7 . 03 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 85 - 6 . 91 ( m , 1h ). 5 -( 3 , 4 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 3 , 4 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine ( 230 mg ) to give 160 mg of product as brown oil . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 89 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 19 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 07 ( app q , 1h ), 6 . 72 - 6 . 79 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 61 - 6 . 67 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 54 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 46 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 3 , 4 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 3 , 4 - difluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 55 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 60 mg of pure product as white powder ( 61 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 50 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 9 . 45 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 60 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 25 ( dd , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 12 ( app q , 1h ), 6 . 87 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 73 - 6 . 83 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 62 - 6 . 68 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 56 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 82 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 60 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 93 - 2 . 00 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 446 , m − 444 . 2 - fluoro - 4 -[( 6 - nitro - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 2 - fluoro - 4 - hydroxybenzonitrile ( 0 . 37 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 80 mg ( 13 % yield ) of product after additional purification by preparative hplc ( xterra ms c18 19 × 100 mm column , water / acetonitrile with 0 . 05 % trifluoroacetic acid ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 43 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 37 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 67 - 7 . 76 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 97 - 7 . 04 ( m , 2h ). 4 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - fluorobenzonitrile was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 2 - fluoro - 4 -[( 6 - nitro - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile ( 70 mg ) to give 58 mg of product as a dark brown oil . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 91 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 53 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 21 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 80 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 71 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 59 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 70 ( br s , 2h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 4 - cyano - 3 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 4 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - fluorobenzonitrile ( 58 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 46 mg of pure product as white powder ( 46 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 77 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 9 . 45 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 70 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 58 ( app tr , 1h ), 7 . 32 ( app dd , 1h ), 6 . 93 - 6 . 99 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 75 - 6 . 85 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 70 ( app d tr , 1h ), 6 . 54 - 6 . 62 ( m , 1h ), 4 . 50 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 31 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 85 ( br q , 1h ), 2 . 63 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 96 - 2 . 03 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 453 , m − 451 . 2 - nitro - 5 -( 2 , 4 , 6 - trifluorophenoxy ) pyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 2 , 4 , 6 - trifluorophenol ( 0 . 4 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) to give 310 mg of product ( 47 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 36 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 28 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 42 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 89 ( app tr , 2h ). 4 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - fluorobenzonitriie was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 2 - nitro - 5 -( 2 , 4 , 6 - trifluorphenoxy ) pyridine ( 310 mg ) to give 280 mg of product as brownish powder after purification by filtration through the short pad of silica . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 83 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 15 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 77 ( app tr , 2h ), 6 . 48 ( d , 1h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 2 , 4 , 6 - trifluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 2 , 4 , 6 - trifluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinylamine ( 59 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) to give 25 mg of pure product as white powder ( 24 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 40 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 10 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 51 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 23 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 72 - 6 . 87 ( m , 3h ), 6 . 55 ( tr d , 1h ). 4 . 44 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 31 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 83 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 58 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 91 - 1 . 98 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 464 , m − 462 . ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 0 . 5 g , 2 . 2 mmol , ˜ 95 % ee ) was mixed with toluene ( 3 ml ), triethylamine ( 0 . 34 ml , 1 . 1 eq ), dppa ( 0 . 52 ml , 1 . 1 eq ) and bubbled with argon for about 5 min . the reaction mixture was then heated at stirring at 120 ° c . for 1 . 5 h under argon . the temperature was then decreased to 50 ° c . and a mixture of 3 ml of 10 % hydrochloric acid in 10 ml dioxane was added . the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 50 ° c . and then concentrated by rotary evaporation . the residue was mixed with water ant diethyl ether . water phase was collected and basified with 28 % aqueous ammonia to ph 11 and extracted into ether ( 3 × 20 ml ). combined organic phases were washed with water and brine and dried over magnesium sulfate . concentration by rotary evaporation gave 310 mg of crude product as yellow orange oil . the product was purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , etoac / hexane 1 : 2 ) to give 220 mg of colorless oil ( 50 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 6 . 85 ( ddd , 1h ), 6 . 60 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 97 ( tr , 1h ), 2 . 28 ( app tr , 1h ), 1 . 71 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 23 ( br s , 2h ). 5 -( 3 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 210 mg , 1 mmol ) was dissolved in dry degassed methylene chloride ( 5 ml ) and thiophosgene ( 0 . 11 ml , 1 . 3 mmol ) was added through syringe during 5 - 10 min to the stirred solution . pyridine ( 0 . 18 ml , 2 mmol ) was added to the reaction mixture right after the addition of thiophosgene and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 . 5 - 2 h . then the reaction mixture was poured into water ( 15 ml ) and extracted into methylene chloride ( 3 × 20 ml ). organic extract was washed with water and brine and dried over magnesium sulfate . solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the oil obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , etoac / hexane 1 : 3 ) to give 190 mg of pure product as dark brown - purple solid . yield 75 %. 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 20 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 30 - 7 . 37 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 10 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 89 ( dd tr , 1h ), 6 . 80 ( app dd , 1h ), 6 . 74 ( d tr , 1h ). 4 -[( 6 - isothiocyanato - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile was synthesized analogously to example 38 from 4 -[( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile ( 275 mg , 1 . 3 mmol ) to give 160 mg of pure product as brown - beige powder ( 49 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 25 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 67 ( app d , 2h ), 7 . 41 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 15 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 06 ( app d , 2h ). 2 - isothiocyanato - 5 -( 3 - pyridinyloxy ) pyridine was synthesized analogously to example 38 from 5 -( 3 - pyridinyloxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 200 mg , 1 mmol ) to give 110 mg of pure product as orange - pink oil ( 45 % yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 43 ( tr , 1h ), 8 . 42 ( tr , 1h ), 8 . 22 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 31 - 7 . 36 ( m , 3h ), 7 . 11 ( app d , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 198 . ( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - amine ( 20 mg , 0 . 1 mmol ) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile ( 1 ml ) and 5 -( 3 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - isothiocyanatopyridine ( 25 mg , 0 . 1 mmol ) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h . the precipitate formed was collected by filtration and washed with acetonitrile and diethyl ether to give 17 mg ( 38 % yield ) of pure product as beige powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 21 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 45 ( br d , 1h ), 7 . 28 - 7 . 34 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 87 ( d tr , 1h ), 6 . 79 ( tr d , 1h ), 6 . 72 ( app dd , 1h ), 6 . 56 - 6 . 69 ( m , 3h ), 4 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 34 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 17 ( br q , 1h ), 2 . 72 ( br tr , 1h ), 2 . 06 - 2 . 13 ( m , 1h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 4 - cyanophenoxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] thiourea was synthesized analogously to example 41 from 4 -[( 6 - isothiocyanato - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ] benzonitrile ( 52 mg , 0 . 2 mmol ) to give 80 mg ( 88 % yield ) of pure product as beige - white powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 11 . 50 ( d , 1h ), 9 . 78 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 65 ( app d , 2h ), 7 . 53 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 35 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 00 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 98 ( app d , 2h ), 6 . 78 ( d tr , 1h ), 6 . 59 ( d tr , 1h ), 4 . 48 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 19 ( br q , 1h ), 2 . 74 ( br tr , 1h ), 2 . 08 - 2 . 16 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m − 449 . n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 3 - pyridinyloxy )- 2 - pyridinyl ] thiourea was synthesized analogously to example 41 from 2 - isothiocyanato - 5 -( 3 - pyrdinyloxy ) pyridine ( 58 mg , 0 . 25 mmol ) to give 40 mg ( 37 % yield ) of pure product as beige powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 11 . 48 ( d , 1h ), 9 . 47 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 42 ( dd , 1h ), 8 . 39 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 45 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 32 ( app dd , 2h ), 7 . 24 ( ddd , 1h ), 6 . 90 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 78 ( app d tr , 1h ), 6 . 57 ( d tr , 1h ) 4 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 18 ( br q , 1h ), 2 . 72 ( br tr , 1h ), 2 . 28 ( app ddd , 1h ) lc - ms : m + 427 , m − 425 . ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 226 mg , 1 . 1 mmol ), 5 -( pyridine - 3 - yloxy )- pyridine - 2 - ylamine , dppa 227 μl ( 97 %) and triethylamine 140 μl were dissolved in toluene ( 3 ml ) and heated to reflux for 3 h . the solvent was removed and the crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with hcl aq ( 0 . 01 m ), water and brine . purification by chromatography ( silica gel , ether - 2 % methanol ether - 5 % methanol ) gave pure product ( 80 mg , 20 %) 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 - meod ): 9 . 4 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 49 ( broad s , 1h ), 8 . 40 - 8 . 37 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 61 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 30 - 727 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 23 - 7 . 19 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 82 - 6 . 76 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 60 - 6 . 54 ( m , 1h ), 4 , 46 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 80 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 60 ( t , 1h ), 1 . 99 - 1 . 94 ( m , 1h ). the following left wings are coupled to any of the above novel right hand wings analogously to example 3 and / or 38 and / or 41 and / or with an activated 5 - substituted - pyridin - pyridin - 2 - yl , such as the corresponding imidazole - 1 - carbothioic acid ( 5 - substituted - pyridin - 2 - yl ) amide as described in ep 540 143 to a mixture of 2h - chromene ( 4 . 89 g , 37 mmol ) and ( cuotf ) 2 - benzene ( 186 mg , 0 . 37 mmol ) in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 80 ml ) at 20 ° c ., was added dropwise ( 3 h ) a solution of ethyl diazoacetate ( 8 . 44 g , 74 mmol ) in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 20 ml ). after 15 min at 20 ° c ., the reaction mixture was washed with h 2 o ( 100 ml ). the h 2 o phase was washed with ch 2 cl 2 ( 50 ml ) and the solvent of the combined organic phases was removed under reduced pressure . the crude product was column chromatographed ( silica gel , 20 → 50 % etoac in hexane ), to give 1 . 96 g ( 24 %) of ± cis - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 3 . 87 - g ( 48 %) of ±- trans - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a by product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 26 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 10 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 90 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 78 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 49 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 20 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 97 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 44 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 14 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 07 - 1 . 95 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 02 ( t , 3h ). a mixture of (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 1 . 96 g , 9 . 0 mmol ), lioh ( 539 mg , 22 . 5 mmol ), h 2 0 ( 10 ml ) and meoh ( 20 ml ) was heated to reflux for 2 h . the reaction mixture was concentrated to about 10 ml , 4n hcl was added dropwise giving a white precipitate . the reaction mixture was extracted with ch 2 cl 2 ( 3 × 15 ml ) and the solvent of the combined organic phases was removed under reduced pressure . the crude product was crystallized from etoac / hexane , to give 435 mg ( 25 %) of (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid as a white solid . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 80 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 22 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 10 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 89 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 77 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 22 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 14 - 1 . 98 ( m , 2h ). (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 2 - oxa - cyclopropa [ c ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester was synthesized analogously to example 44a from 1h - isochromene ( 3 . 57 g , 27 mmol ), to give 910 mg ( 15 %) of (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 2 - oxa - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 34 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 25 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 18 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 03 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 81 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 28 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 95 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 43 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 05 ( dd , 1h ), 1 . 04 ( t , 3h ). (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 2 - oxa - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 44b from (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 2 - oxa - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 436 mg , 2 mmol ), to give 86 mg ( 22 %) of (±)- cis - 1 , 1a , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 2 - oxa - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid as a white solid . the crude product was column chromatographed ( silica gel , 1 → 5 % meoh in ch 2 cl 2 ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 50 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 39 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 30 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 21 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 07 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 87 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 57 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 38 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 59 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 15 ( dd , 1h ). a mixture of 2 ′, 4 ′- dihydroxy - propiophenone ( 24 . 9 g , 0 . 15 mol ), 3 - bromo - propyne ( 24 . 2 g , 0 . 20 mol ) and k 2 co 3 ( 20 . 7 g , 0 . 15 mol ) in acetone ( 500 ml ) was refluxed for 12 h . the reaction mixture was allowed assume room temperature and the precipitate was removed by filtration . the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , 0 → 2 % meoh in h 2 o ), to give 26 . 2 g ( 85 %) of 1 -( 2 - hydroxy - 4 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- propan - 1 - one . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 12 . 80 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 69 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 52 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 72 ( d , 2h ), 2 . 96 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 56 ( t , 1h ), 1 . 23 ( t , 3h ). a mixture of 1 -( 2 - hydroxy - 4 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- propan - 1 - one ( 19 . 8 g , 97 mmol ) and n , n - diethylaniline ( 100 ml ) was heated to reflux for 3 h . the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , 5 - 10 % etoac in hexane ) and thereafter recrystallized from etoac / hexane , to give 8 . 91 g ( 45 %) of 1 -( 5 - hydroxy - 2h - chromen - 6 - yl )- propan - 1 - one . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 13 . 00 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 49 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 75 ( dt , 1h ), 6 . 27 ( d , 1h ), 5 . 67 ( dt , 1h ), 4 . 86 ( dd , 2h ), 2 . 90 ( q , 2h ), 1 . 19 ( t , 3h ). to a mixture of 1 -( 5 - hydroxy - 2h - chromen - 6yl )- propan - 1 - one ( 511 mg , 2 . 5 mmol ) and ( rh ( ii ) ac 2 ) 2 ( 11 mg , 0 . 025 mmol ) in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 8 ml ) at 20 ° c ., was added dropwise ( 3 h ) a solution of ethyl diazoacetate ( 571 mg , 5 mmol ) in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 2 ml ). after 15 min at 20 ° c ., the reaction mixture was washed with h 2 o ( 10 ml ). the h 2 o phase was washed with ch 2 cl 2 ( 10 ml ) and the solvent of the combined organic phases was removed under reduced pressure . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , 1 → 5 % meoh in ch 2 cl 2 ), to give 300 mg ( 41 %) of 7 - hydroxy - 6 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( a 33 / 64 mixture of cis and trans isomers ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 13 . 13 - 13 . 07 ( m , 1h ), 7 . 57 - 7 . 49 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 41 - 6 . 38 ( m , 1h ), 4 . 65 - 3 . 92 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 01 - 1 . 95 ( m , 5h ), 1 . 29 - 1 . 08 ( m , 6h ). ± cis - 7 - hydroxy - 6 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 2b from 7 - hydroxy - 6 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 299 mg , 1 . 03 mmol , a 33 / 64 mixture of cis and trans isomers ), to give 39 . 3 mg ( 15 %) of (±)- cis - 7 - hydroxy - 6 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid as a white solid and (±)- trans - 7 - hydroxy - 6 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid as a byproduct . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , 1 → 5 % meoh in ch 2 cl 2 ). 1 h - nmr ( dmso - d 6 ): 7 . 67 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 35 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 57 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 36 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 98 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 55 - 2 . 46 ( m , 1h ), 2 . 18 - 2 . 00 ( m , 2h ), 1 . 10 ( t , 3h ). 1 -( 2 - hydroxy - 4 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- ethanone was synthesized analogously to example 46a from 1 -( 2 , 4 - dihydroxy - phenyl )- ethanone ( 20 g , 131 mmol ), to give 22 g ( 88 %) of 1 -( 2 - hydroxy - 4 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- ethanone . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 12 . 70 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 66 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 52 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 72 ( d , 2h ), 2 . 58 - 2 . 55 ( m , 4h ). 1 -( 5 - hydroxy - 2h - chromen - 6 - yl )- ethanone was synthesized analogously to example 46b from 1 -( 2 - hydroxyprop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- ethanone ( 17 g , 89 mmol ), to give 6 . 0 g ( 35 %) of 1 -( 5 - hydroxy - 2h - chromen - 6 - yl )- ethanone . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 12 . 92 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 51 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 79 ( dt , 1h ), 6 . 32 ( d , 1h ), 5 . 71 ( dt , 1h ) 4 . 89 ( dd , 2h ), 2 . 55 ( s , 3h ). 6 - acetyl - 7 - hydroxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( a 40 / 60 mixture of cis and trans isomers ) was synthesized analogously to example 46c from 1 -( 5 - hydroxy - 2h - chromen - 6 - yl )- ethanone . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 13 . 05 - 12 . 97 ( m , 1h ), 7 . 54 - 7 . 47 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 43 - 6 . 33 ( m , 1 h ), 4 . 63 - 3 . 94 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 02 - 1 . 96 ( m , 6h ), 1 . 31 - 1 . 08 ( m , 3h ). 6 - acetyl - 7 - hydroxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 44b from 6 - acetyl - 7 - hydroxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 2 g , 8 . 1 mmol , a 40 / 60 mixture of cis and trans isomers ), to give 300 mg ( 17 %) of 6 - acetyl - 7 - hydroxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( a 40 / 60 mixture of cis and trans isomers ). the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , 1 → 5 % meoh in ch 2 cl 2 ) 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 55 - 7 . 45 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 45 - 6 . 30 ( m , 1h ), 4 . 65 - 4 . 00 ( m , 2h ), 3 . 05 - 1 . 95 ( m , 6h ). to a mixture of nah ( 95 %, 278 mg , 11 mmol ) in dmf ( 20 ml ) at 0 ° c ., was added 1 -( 4 - fluoro - 2 - hydroxy - phenyl )- propan - 1 - one ( 1 . 68 g , 10 mmol ) in dmf ( 5 ml ). after 15 min at 0 ° c ., was 3 - bromo - propyne ( 3 . 02 g , 20 mmol ) added to the reaction mixture . after 1 h at 0 ° c ., was the reaction mixture allowed to assume room temperature . the reaction mixture was extracted with h 2 o ( 100 ml ). the h 2 o phase was washed with et 2 o 3 × 100 ml ) and the solvent of the combined organic phases was removed under reduced pressure . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , ch 2 cl 2 ), to give 1 . 40 g ( 68 %) of 1 -( 4 - fluoro - 2 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- propan - 1 - one . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 64 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 69 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 60 ( ddd , 1h ), 4 . 68 ( d , 2h ), 2 . 85 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 58 ( t , 1h ), 1 . 03 ( t , 3h ). 1 -( 5 - fluoro - 2h - chromen - 8 - yl )- propan - 1 - one was synthesized analagously to example 46b from 1 -( 4 - fluoro - 2 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - phenyl )- propan - 1 - one ( 1 . 34 g , 6 . 5 mmol ), to give 619 mg ( 46 %) of 1 -( 5 - fluoro - 2h - chromen - 8 - yl )- propan - 1 - one . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 60 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 67 - 6 . 58 ( m , 2h ), 5 . 86 ( dt , 1h ), 4 . 76 ( dd , 2h ), 2 . 93 ( q , 2h ), 1 . 23 ( t , 3h ). (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester was synthesized according to method 46c ) from 1 -( 5 - fluoro - 2h - chromen - 8 - yl )- propan - 1 - one ( 619 mg , 3 mmol ), to give 142 mg ( 16 %) of (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester and (±)- trans - 7 - fluoro - 4 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a byproduct . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 59 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 65 ( m , 1h ), 4 . 50 - 4 . 46 ( m , 2h ), 3 . 95 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 89 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 57 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 20 ( dd , 1h ), 1 . 13 - 1 . 03 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 12 - 1 . 01 ( m , 6h ). (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 44b from (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 140 . 3 mg , 0 . 48 mmol ). to give 83 mg ( 65 %) of (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - propionyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid as a white solid . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , 1 → 5 % meoh in ch 2 cl 2 ). 1 h - nmr ( dmso - d 6 ): 12 . 15 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 78 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 57 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 43 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 93 - 2 . 80 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 55 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 24 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 20 - 2 . 10 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 02 ( t , 3h ). 1m boron trichloride in dichloromethane ( 25 ml ; 25 mmol ) was added to a solution of 6 - fluoro - 2 , 3 - dimethoxy - benzaldehyde [ cantrell , amanda s . ; engelhardt , per ; hoegberg , marita ; jaskunas , s . richard ; johansson , nils gunnar ; et al . ; j . med . chem . ; 39 ; 21 ; 1996 ; 4261 - 4274 ] ( 4 . 26 g ; 23 mmol ) in dichloromethane ( 30 ml ) keeping the reaction temperature at − 70 c . the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature overnight and hydrolyzed with water . the organic phase was separated , washed with water and evaporated in vacuc . the residue was chromatographed ( silica gel , ea : hex , 5 : 1 ) to give 3 . 72 g ( 94 %) of 6 - fluoro - 2 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxy - benzaldehyde as yellow crystals . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 11 . 61 ( s , 1h ), 10 . 23 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 02 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 55 ( app . t , 1h ), 3 . 87 ( s , 3h ). 6 - fluoro - 2 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxy - benzaldehyde ( 3 . 32 g , 19 mmol ) was dissolved in acetonitrile ( 20 ml ) and dbu ( 2 . 97 ml , 19 mmol ) was - added followed by vinyltriphenylphosphine bromide ( 7 . 2 g , 19 mmol ). the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 48 h , diluted with water and extracted with ether ( 3 × 50 ml ). the organic phase was washed with water , 10 % sodium hydroxide , water and brine and evaporated in vacuo . the residue was submitted to column chromatography ( silica gel , ea : hex , 1 : 20 ) yielding 1 . 2 g of 5 - fluoro - 8 - methoxy - 2h - chromene ( 34 %). 1 h - nnmr ( cdcl 3 ): 6 . 65 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 54 ( t , 1h ), 5 . 83 ( dt , 1h ), 4 . 88 ( dd , 2h ), 3 . 83 ( s , 3h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 46c from 5 - fluoro - 8 - methoxy - 2h - chromene . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 6 . 7 - 6 . 5 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 48 ( m , 2h ), 3 . 99 ( m , 2h ), 3 . 80 ( s , 3h ), 2 . 57 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 20 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 05 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 08 ( t , 3h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 44b from (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - methoxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 6 . 7 - 6 . 5 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 48 ( m , 2h ), 3 . 80 ( s , 3h ), 2 . 61 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 17 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 06 ( m , 1h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 44c from (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - methoxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 62 mg , 0 . 17 mmol ). yield 38 mg ( 40 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 10 . 06 ( br . s , 1h ), 9 . 40 ( br . d , 1h ), 8 . 11 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 70 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 91 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 68 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 48 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 28 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 90 - 3 . 72 ( m , 4h ), 2 . 64 ( app . t . 1h ), 1 . 96 ( m , 1h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 15a ) from 2 - chloro - 5 - flurophenol ( 2 . 5 g ). yield 2 . 8 g ( 90 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 85 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 68 ( m , 1h ), 4 . 77 ( d , 2h ), 2 . 58 ( t , 1h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 15b ) from 1 - chloro - 4 - fluoro - 2 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - benzene ( 2 . 8 g ). yield 0 . 97 g ( 35 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 09 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 63 ( dt , 1h ), 6 . 56 ( t , 1h ), 5 . 84 ( dt , 1h ), 4 . 95 ( dd , 2h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 15c ) from 5 - fluoro - 8 - chloro - 2h - chromene . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 14 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 60 ( t , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 01 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 60 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 23 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 09 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 08 ( t , 3h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 15 d ) from (±)- cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - chloro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester 850 mg ). yield 43 mg ( 96 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 86 ( br . s , 1h ), 7 . 13 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 59 ( t , 1h ), 4 . 50 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 63 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 23 - 2 . 05 ( m , 2h ). a solution of triflic anhydride ( 1 . 77 ml , 10 . 5 mmol ) in dichloromethane 10 ml ) was added to a mixture of 2 , 4 - dihydroxybenzaldehyde ( 1 . 38 g , 10 mmol ) and pyridine ( 0 . 85 ml , 10 . 5 mmol ) in dichloromethane ( 30 ml ) at − 70 c . dry ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature . the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane , washed with water , brine and evaporated in vacuo . the crude product was purified by column chromatography ( silica gel , ea : hex , 1 : 6 ) to give 1 . 55 g of trifluoro - methanesulfonic acid 4 - formyl - 3 - hydroxy - phenyl ester ( 57 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 11 . 28 ( s , 1h ), 9 . 93 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 67 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 95 ( m , 2h ). potassium carbonate ( 1 . 6 g , 11 . 5 mmol ) and allyl bromide ( 1 ml , 11 . 5 mmol ) were added to a solution of trifluoro - methanesulfonic acid 4 - formyl - 3 - hydroxy - phenyl ester ( 1 . 55 g , 5 . 7 mmol ) in acetone ( 50 ml ). the reaction mixture was stirred at 55 c for 2 h , filtered and evaporated in vacuo . the residue was chromatographed ( silica gel , ea : hex , 1 : 20 ) to give 1 . 3 g ( 73 %) of trifluoro - methanesulfonic acid 3 - allyloxy - 4 - formyl - phenyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 10 . 47 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 93 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 95 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 90 ( s , 1h ), 6 . 05 ( m , 1h ), 5 . 47 ( d , 1h ), 5 . 40 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 69 ( d , 2h ). methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide ( 1 . 95 g , 5 . 45 mmol ) was added to a suspension of sodium hydride ( 60 % in oil ) ( 0 . 25 g , 6 . 3 mmol ) in thf ( 35 ml ) at 0 c and it was stirred for 30 min at room temperature . to the above solution was added solution of trifluoro - methanesulfonic acid 3 - allyloxy - 4 - formyl - phenyl ester ( 1 . 3 g , 4 . 2 mmol ) in thf ( 15 ml ), nd the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature . the reaction mixture as diluted with hexane and extracted with water . organic phase was washed with brine and evaporated . silica gel column chromiatography ( ea : hex , 1 : 20 ) afforded trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 3 - allyloxy - 4 - vinyl - phenyl ester ( 0 . 68 g , 53 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 51 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 02 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 85 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 77 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 05 ( m , 1h ), 5 . 76 ( dd , 1h ), 5 . 43 ( m , 1h ), 5 . 32 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 58 ( dt , 2h ). to a solution of trifluoro - methanesulfonic acid 3 - allyloxy - 4 - vinyl - phenyl ester ( 0 . 68 g , 2 . 2 mmol ) in dichloromethane ( 5 ml ) was added ru - catalyst ( grubb &# 39 ; s catalyst ) ( 36 mg , 2 mol %), and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature . after that period the reaction was complete ( gc ) and the reaction mixture was used in the next step without any work - up . analytical sample was obtained after removal of the solvent by silica gel column chromatography ( ea : hex , 1 : 20 ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 6 . 97 ( d 1h ), 6 . 76 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 68 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 39 ( dt , 1h ), 5 . 81 ( dt , 1h ), 4 . 98 ( dd , 2h ). rh ( oac ) 2 ( 19 mg , 2 mol %) was added to the above solution ( 10d ) and the solution of eda ( 0 . 44 ml , 4 . 4 mmol ) in 1 ml of dichloromethane was added with a syringe pump over 5 h at room temperature . when the reaction was complete ( gc ) dichloromethane was evaporated , the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution and brine . organic phase was evaporated and crude mixture of cis and trans - isomers ( 1 : 1 . 3 ) was separated by column chromatography ( silica gel , ea : hex , 1 : 6 ) to give 0 . 4 g ( 50 %) of ± cis - 5 - trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 29 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 82 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 73 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 29 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 98 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 45 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 19 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 05 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 03 ( t , 3h ). ± cis - 5 - trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 154 mg , 0 . 42 mmol ), pd ( oac ) 2 ( 9 mg , 10 mol %) and pph 3 ( 44 mg , 40 mol %) were mixed in dmf ( 4 ml ) and gentle stream of nitrogen passed through reaction mixture for 10 min . zn ( cn ) 2 ( 74 mg , 0 . 63 mmol ) was added , vial was sealed and the reaction mixture was stirred at 120 c overnight . the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted with saturated ammonium chloride . organic phase was evaporated and residue chromatographed ( silica gel , ea : hex 1 : 5 ) to give 53 mg ( 52 %) of ± cis - 5 - cyano - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxyiic acid ethyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 33 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 19 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 05 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 50 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 25 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 99 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 46 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 25 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 11 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 06 ( t , 3h ). ± cis - 5 - cyano - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 53 mg , 0 . 22 mmol ) and naoh ( 35 mg , 0 . 88 mmol ) were dissolved in mixture methanol water ( 1 : 1 ) ( 5 ml ). reaction mixture was stirred at 60 c for 30 min . methanol was evaporated in vacuo and 20 ml of water was added . resulting solution was extracted with ether . water phase was concentrated , acidified with 1m hcl to ph ˜ 12 and extracted with ether . the organic phase was washed with brine and evaporated to give 42 mg ( 90 %) of ± cis - 5 - cyano - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 33 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 19 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 06 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 31 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 53 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 27 ( app . t , 1h ), 2 . 16 ( m , 1h ). ± cis - 5 - trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 152 mg , 0 . 41 mmol ), dppp ( 38 mg , 20 mol %), pd ( dba ) 2 ( 24 mg , 10 mol %), cui ( 3 mg , 4 mol %) were mixed in 3 ml of triethylariine and gentle stream of nitrogen passed through reaction mixture for 10 min . trimethylsilyl - acetylene ( 0 . 088 ml , 0 . 62 mmol ) was added , vial was sealed and the reaction mixture was stirred at 120 c overnight . the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate , washed with water , brine and evaporated . the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography ( ea : hex , 1 : 15 ) to give 0 . 1 g ( 77 %) of ± cis - 5trimethylsilanylethynyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 15 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 01 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 88 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 47 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 16 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 96 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 38 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 13 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 01 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 04 ( t , 3h ), 0 . 22 ( s , 9h ). ± cis - 5 - trimethylsilanylethynyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 0 . 1 g , 0 . 32 mmol ) and sodium hydroxide ( 0 . 076 g , 1 . 9 mmol ) were dissolved in mixture of methanol : water ( 1 : 1 ) ( 5 ml ). the reaction mixture was heated at 60 c for 5 h , then it was acidified with 1 m hcl to ph ˜ 2 and extracted with ether . the organic phase was washed with brine and evaporated to give 66 mg ( 97 %) of ± cis - 5 - ethynyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 17 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 03 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 91 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 23 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 02 ( s , 1h ), 2 . 46 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 13 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 07 ( m , 1h ). ± cis - 5 - trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 117 mg , 0 . 32 mmol ), dppp ( 7 . 3 mg , 50 mol %), pd ( oac ) 2 ( 2 mg , 25 mol %) and triethyl amine ( 0 . 09 ml , 0 . 64 mmol ) were mixed in dmf ( 3 ml ) and gentle stream of nitrogen passed through reaction mixture for 10 min . butyl vinyl ether ( 0 . 21 ml , 1 . 6 mmol ) was added , vial was sealed and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 c for 2 h . 5 % hcl ( 5 ml ) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min . resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate . the organic phase was washed with saturated ammonium chloride and evaporated . the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography ( ea : hex , 1 : 5 ) to give 76 mg ( 91 %) of ± cis - 5 - acetyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 52 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 36 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 34 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 21 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 98 ( q , 2h ), 2 . 53 ( s , 3h ), 2 . 47 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 23 ( t , 1h ), 208 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 05 ( t , 3h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 51 g from ± cis - 5 - acetyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 76 mg , 29 mmol ). yield 66 mg ( 97 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 52 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 37 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 34 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 52 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 26 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 55 ( s , 3h ), 2 . 53 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 25 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 13 ( m , 1h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 51 from 2 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxybenzaldehyde . quinoline ( 19 . 37 g , 150 mmol ) was dissolved in anhydrous diethyl ether ( 500 ml ) and cooled to 0 ° c . under inert atmosphere . dibal , 1 . 5 m in toluene ( 100 ml , 150 mmol ) was added dropwise over 2 hrs and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ° c . for 30 min . acetic anhydride ( 500 ml ) was added dropwise over 30 min and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ° c . for 30 min . h 2 o was added cautiously . the reaction mixture was extracted with diethyl ether and concentrated to give n - acetyl - 1 , 2 - dihydroquinoline ( 11 . 5 g , 44 %). ± cis -( n - acetyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] quinoline )- 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester was prepared according to the procedure described in example 44a , from n - acetyl - 1 , 2 - dihydroquinoline ( 10 g , 58 mmol ) the product was purified by column chromatography on silica ( etoac / hexane 5 %→ 50 %) to give ± cis -( n - acetyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] quinoline )- 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 2 . 0 g , 13 %). ± cis -( n - acetyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] quinoline )- 1 - carboxylic acid ( 425 mg , 24 %) was prepared according to the procedure described in example 44b , from ± cis -( n - acetyl - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] quinoline )- 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 2 . 0 mg , 7 . 7 mmol ). commercially available 2 , 5 - difluorophenol ( 20 g , 0 . 15 mol ), k 2 co 3 ( 53 g , 0 . 38 mol ) and commercially available 3 - bromopropyne ( 45 g , 0 . 38 mol ) were dissolved in acetone ( 300 ml ), refluxed over night , cooled and filtrated . the solvent was removed and the crude product , dissolved in ether and washed with water and brine . the organic phase was evaporated and the crude product was re - dissolved in a small amount of ether and filtrated through a column of basic al 2 o 3 . evaporation and drying gave 20 g ( 80 %) of 2 , 4 - difluoro - 2 - prop - ynyloxy - benzene 2 , 4 - difluoro - 2 - propynyloxybenzene ( 20 g , 0 . 12 mol ) was dissolved in n , n ,- diethyl aniline ( 100 ml ) and heated under argon atmosphere at 225 deg . celcius with an oil - bath for 6 - 8 h . ether ( 150 ml ) was added and the aniline was removed by extraction using 2 m hcl ( aq ) . purification by chromatography ( silica gel , n - hexane ) gave 5 , 8 - difluoro - 2h - chromene . 5 . 8 g ( 29 %) 5 , 8 - difluoro - 2h - chromene ( 5 g , 0 . 03 mol ), ( rh ( ii ) ac 2 ) 2 ( 0 . 39 g , 0 . 00089 mol ) was dissolved in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 60 ml ) or ethanol - free chloroform . ethyl diazoacetate ( 9 . 4 ml , 0089 mol ) in the same solvent was added dropwise over a period of approximately 5 h under n 2 atmosphere . the solvent was then removed under vacuum and the mixture was taken upp in ethyl acetate , washed with nahco 3 ( aq ), water and brine and the solvent removed . the product ( 33 % cis , 66 % trans ) was purified by hromatography ( 0 → 10 % ethyl acetate in n - hexane ) to give 2 . 2 g of the title compound ( 30 %). cis - 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 2 g , 0 . 008 mol ) was heated in 1m lioh in methanol - water ( 25 %) at 80 deg . for 2 h . the volume was reduced to half and acidified . extraction with ether followed by chromatography ( silica gel , ether ) gave pure title compound ( 35 %) 6 - fluorochroman - 4 - one ( 10 g , 61 mmol ) was dissolved in ethanol ( 100 ml ). nabh 4 ( excess ) was added and cooled on icebath . the mixture was then left in room temperature for 2 h , followed by reflux for 4 h . purification by chromatography ( silica gel , ether - hexane , 1 : 5 ) gave 8 . g ( 80 %) pure 6 - fluoro - chroman - 4 - ol . 6 - fluorochroman - 4 - ol ( 8 g , 48 mmol ) and toluene - 4 - sulphonic acid ( 1 g ) were dissolved in toluene and refluxed over - night with subsequent water removal . the mixture was then cooled and washed with nahco 3 ( aq ) and purified by chromatography ( silica gel , n - hexane ) to give 4 . 2 g ( 52 %) of pure 6 - fluoro - 2h - chromene . this compound was prepared analogously to cis - 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester but using 6 - fluoro - 2h - chromene to give 1 . 9 ( 29 %) of the tide compound . chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid but using cis - 6 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 1 . 9 g , 8 mmol ) to give 350 mg ( 21 %) of pure cis - 6 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid this compound was prepared analogously to 2 , 4 - difluoro - 2 - prop - ynyloxy - benzene but using 2 - bromo - 5 - fluorphenol ( 15 g , 78 mmol ) to give 1 - bromo - 4 - fluoro - 2 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - benzene 15 . 6 g ( 87 %) this compound was prepared analogously to 2 , 4 - difluoro - 2 - prop - ynyloxy - benzene but using 2 - bromo - 4 - fluoro - phenol ( 15 g , 78 mmol ) to give 2 - bromo - 4 - fluoro - 1 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - benzene 15 . g ( 84 %). this compound was prepared analogously to 2 , 4 - difluoro - 2 - propynyloxybenzene but using 3 , 5 - difluoro - phenol ( 14 g , 107 mmol ) to give 1 , 3 - difluoro - 5 - prop - 2 - ynyloxy - benzene 12 g ( 67 %). this compound was prepared analogously to 5 , 8 - difluoro - 2h - chromene but using ( 15 g , 65 mmol ) of 2 - bromo - 4 - fluoro - 1 - prop - 2 - ynyloxybenzene to give the title compound ( 7 g , 46 %) this compound was prepared analogously to 5 , 8 - difluoro - 2h - chromene but using ( 15 g , 65 mmol ) of 1 - bromo - 4 - fluoro - 2 - prop - 2 - ynyloxybenzene to give the title compound ( 3 . 7 g , 25 %) this compound was prepared analogously to 5 , 8 - difluoro - 2h - chromene but using ( 18 g , 107 mmol ) of 1 , 3 - difluoro - 5 - prop - 2 - ynyloxybenzene and peg - 200 as solvent to give the title compound ( 4 g , 23 %). this compound was prepared analogously to +/− cis - 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester but using 5 g ( 22 mmol ) of 8 - bromo - 6 - fluoro - 2h - chromene to give 1 . 9 g ( 30 %) of cis - 6 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . this compound was prepared analogously to +/− cis - 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester but using 3 . 5 g ( 15 . 3 mmol ) of 8 - bromo - 5 - fluoro - 2h - chromene to give 1 . 6 g ( 33 %) of +/− cis - 4 - bromo - 7 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . this compound was prepared analogously to +/− cis - 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester but using 2 g ( 12 mmol ) of 5 , 7 - difluoro - 2h - chromene - to give 0 . 9 g ( 29 %) of +/− cis - 5 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester . 0 . 32 g ( 1 . 32 mmol ) of racemic cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - chloro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid was dissolved in hot acetonitrile ( 50 ml ) and ( 1r , 2r )- 2 - benzyloxycyclopentylamine ( 0 . 25 g , 1 . 32 mmol ) was - added . the resulting solution was left for crystallization . after few hours the mother liquor was decanted and crystals were washed with acetonitrile . the second crystallization from acetonitrile gave 92 mg of pure diastereomeric salt . the salt was treated with 1 m hcl and resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate . the organic phase was washed with water , brine and evaporated to give 0 . 05 g of enantiomeric cis - 7 - fluoro - 4 - chloro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid . 2 , 5 - dichlorophenol ( 8 g , 49 mmol ) was mixed with potassium carbonate ( 13 . 6 g , 98 mmol ) and 80 % solution of propargyl bromide in toluene ( 11 ml , 98 mmol ) in acetone ( 100 ml ) and stirred overnight at room temperature . the precipitate was removed by filtration and washed with acetone . the acetone solution obtained was concentrated by rotary evaporation and kept under vacuum for 5 h . the product was obtained as yellow oil with quantitative yield . it was used for further transformations without additional purification . 1 , 4 - dichloro - 2 -( 2 - propynyloxy ) benzene was degassed and heated at stirring under argon for 4 h at 224 ° c . the reaction mixture was then distilled in kugelrohr apparatus ( 150 - 175 ° c ./ 4 . 1 × 10 − 2 mbar ) to give 3 . 58 g of desired product as white solid . yield 36 % from starting dichlorophenol . 5 , 8 - dichloro - 2h - chromene ( 3 . 15 g , 16 mmol ), ( rh ( ii ) ac 2 ) 2 ( 30 mg , 0 . 1 mol %) was dissolved in degassed dry methylene chloride ( 3 ml ). ethyl diazoacetate ( 3 ml , 2 eq .) in the same solvent was added by a syringe at the flow rate 0 . 4 ml / h over a period of approximately 5 h under n 2 atmosphere . the reaction mixture was then washed with nh 4 cl ( aq ), water and brine and the solvent removed . the product ( 45 % cis , 55 % trans ) was purified by chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethyl acetate / n - hexane 1 : 15 ) to give 0 . 9 g of the pure cis product ( racemate ). yield 20 %. m + = 287 . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 15 ( d , 1h , j = 8 . 5 hz ), 6 . 91 ( d , 1h , j = 8 . 8 hz ), 4 . 59 ( dd , 1h , j 1 = 12 . 02 , j 2 = 7 . 03 ), 4 . 48 ( dd , 1h , j 1 = 12 . 02 , j 2 = 4 . 10 ), 4 . 07 - 3 . 94 ( m , 3h ), 2 . 62 ( t , 1h , j = 8 . 8 hz ), 2 . 27 ( t , 1h , j = 8 . 36 hz ), 2 . 20 - 2 . 12 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 1 ( t , 3h ). +/− cis - ethyl - 4 , 7 - dichloro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylate was mixed with methanol ( 3 ml ) and water solution of naoh ( 1 . 5 eq ., 3 ml ) and heated at stirring for 1 . 5 h at 60 ° c . the extraction of basic reaction mixture into hexane showed that no starting material present . the reaction mixture was acidified with excess of 3m hcl solution ( ph = 1 ). the precipitate formed was collected by suction and washed with water . white solid obtained was dried under high vacuum ( yield 80 %). 5 - chloro - 2 - fluoroaniline ( 10 g , 68 mmol ) was dissolved in 6m sulfuric acid and cooled in ice / brine bath to − 5 ° c . the solution of nano 2 ( 5 . 2 g , 76 mmol ) in minimum amount of water was added dropwise to the stirred suspension at the temperature not higher then − 2 ° c . after the addition clear yellow solution formed was allowed to stir for additional 30 min at cooling . cuso 4 was dissolved water ( 80 ml ) and mixed with sulfuric acid ( 32 ml ). the diazonium salt solution was added dropwise to the preheated ( 160 ° c .) cuprous sulfate solution and the product was removed from the reaction flask by steam distillation . the reaction took about 2 h to be complete . the water / phnol solution was extracted into ether , washed with brine and dried over na 2 so 4 . concentration gave 4 g of crude phenol ( 40 %). 4 - chloro - 1 - fluoro - 2 -( 2 - propynyloxy ) benzene was synthesized analogously to example 33a from ( 4 g , 27 mmol ) 4 - chloro - 1 - fluorophenol to give 4 . 6 g of product ( purified by column chromatography on silica , ethyl acetate / n - hexane 1 : 15 ) as yellow oil . yield 90 %. 5 - chloro - 8 - fluoro - 2h - chromene was synthesized analogously to example 33b ) from 4 - chloro - 1 - fluoro - 2 -( 2 - propynyloxy ) benzene ( 4 . 6 g , 25 mmol ) to give 1 g of product ( purified by column chromratography on alumina , ethyl acetate / n - hexane 1 : 15 ) as colourless oil . yield 22 %. ethyl +/− cis - 7 - chloro - 4 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylate was synthesized analogously to example 33c from 5 - chloro - 8 - fluoro - 2h - chromene ( 1 g , 5 . 4 mmol ) to give 360 mg of +/− cis product ( purified by column chromatography on silica , ethyl acetate / n - hexane 1 : 20 ) as white solid . yield 25 %. +/− cis - 7 - chloro - 4 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 33d from ethyl +/− cis - 7 - chloro - 4 - fluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylate ( 360 mg , 1 . 3 mmol ) to give 259 mg of +/− cis acid ( 80 %). a solution of thiochroman - 4 - one ( 9 g ) in ether ( 27 ml ) was added slowly to a mixture of lithium aluminium hydride ( 0 . 53 g ) in ether ( 54 ml ). after the end of the addition , the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours . the reaction mixture was cooled and ice was added , followed by water and by a solution of 20 % h 2 so 4 . the water phase was washed twice with ether . the ether phase was washed twice with naoh 2n , and once with water , dried over mgso 4 and evaporated . the clear oil ( 8 . 9 g ) crystallised after few hours . rdt = 97 % 4 - thiochromanol ( 8 . 9 g ) and potassium acid sulfate ( 0 . 89 g ) were placed in a flask and evacuated to 1 mm . the - flask was put in a bath - heated at 90 ° c . until the alcohol melted . the magnetic stirrer was started and the bath slowly brought to 120 ° c . dehydration was rapid and a mixture of the product and water distilled and was collected in a ice - cooled receiver . the product was taken up in ether and dried . the crude product ( 7 g , rdt = 88 %) wasn &# 39 ; t purified . the nmr showed the presence of 10 % of the 4h - 1 - benzothiopyran . ethyl diazoacetate was added slowly to 500 mg of thiochromene at 140 c . the reaction was followed by gas chromatography and stopped when all starting material was consumed ( about 7 hours ). the residue was purified by flash chromatography ( 5 % ether in hexane ). the cis isomer ( 46 , 5 mg , rdt = 6 %) was identified by nmr spectroscopy . a mixture of the cis isomer ( 46 , 5 mg ), lioh ( 4 eq ., 19 mg ) in 5 ml of methanol / 25 % h 2 o was refluxed for 1 hour . after evaporation of the solvent under vacuum , the residue was dissolved in water and washed with ether . the water phase was acidified with concentrated hcl , and extracted twice with dichloromethane . after drying , the organic phase was evaporated and gave the desired acid ( 30 mg ). rdt = 73 %. solution of buli ( 2 . 5m ) in hexane ( 9 . 6 ml ; 0 . 024 mol ) was added to a stirred solution of 2 , 5 - difluoroanisol ( 2 . 88 g , 0 . 02 mol ) in dry thf ( 30 ml ) at − 70 c , followed after 2 h by solution of zinc chloride ( 3 . 6 g ; 0 . 026 mol ) in dry thf ( 50 ml ). the reaction temperature was allowed to raise to room temperature and then stirring was maintained at room temperature for 30 min . pd ( oac ) 2 ( 8 mg ; 0 . 2 mol %) was added , followed by ethyl cis - 3 - bromoacrylate ( 3 . 58 g ; 0 . 02 mol ). the reaction mixture was placed in preheated oil bath and heated under reflux for 1 h . the resulting reaction mixture was chilled to − 78 c and 60 ml ( 0 . 06 mol ) of dibal ( 1m solution in hexanes ) was added dropwise . the stirring was continued at − 78 c for 2 h and 1 h at room temperature . the reaction was quenched with water and all solids were dissolved by addition of hcl . the organic phase was diluted with ether , separated , washed with 5n hcl , brine and evaporated in vacuo . the residue was kugelrohr distilled ( 1 . 5 × 10 − 2 mbar , 150 c ) to give 3 . 7 g ( 92 %) of crude ( 2z )- 3 -( 3 , 6 - difluoro - 2 - methoxyphenyl )- 2 - propen - 1 - ol , which contains ˜ 6 % of other regioisomers . the crude product was used in the next step without further purification . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 00 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 77 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 31 ( app . d , 1h ); 6 . 12 ( app . dt , 1h ); 4 . 08 ( br . t , 2h ); 3 . 89 ( d , 3h ); 1 . 80 ( br . t , 1h ). the p - toluenesulfonylhydrozone of glyoxylic acid chloride ( 5 . 16 g ; 0 . 02 mol ) was added to a solution of ( 2z - 3 -( 3 , 6 - difluoro - 2 - methoxyphenyl )- 2 - propen - 1 - ol ( 3 . 6 g ; 0 . 018 mol ) in dry ch 2 cl 2 ( 50 ml ) at − 5 c , and n , n - dimethylaniline ( 2 . 5 ml ; 0 . 02 mol ) was added slowly . after stirring for 30 min at − 5 c , et 3 n ( 12 ml ; 0 . 09 mol ) was added slowly . the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 min at − 5 c and then for 30 min at room temperature , whereupon water (˜ 50 ml ) was added . the organic phase was separated washed with water , brine and concentrated in vacuo . flash chromatography ( silica , ea : hex ; 1 : 1 . 5 ) gave 3 . 86 g ( 80 %) of product as a yellow solid . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 00 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 76 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 41 ( app . d , j = 12 . 2 hz ; 1h ); 6 . 00 ( app . dt , j = 12 . 2 ; 6 . 10 hz ; 1h ); 4 . 71 ( br . s , 1h ); 4 . 67 ( dt , 2h ); 3 . 89 ( d , 3h ). ( 2z )- 3 -( 3 , 6 - difluoro - 2 - methoxyphenyl ) prop - 2 - enyl diazoacetate ( 3 . 45 g , 0 . 013 mol ) was dissolved in 100 ml of dried degassed dichloromethane and added dropwise to the solution of chiral doyle catalyst ( aldrich , also available from johnsson matthey , 10 mg , 0 . 1 mol %) in 50 ml of dichloromethane under argon at ambient temperature over a period of ˜ 6 h . the initial blue color had turned to olive by the end of the addition . the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography ( silica , ea : hex , 1 : 5 → 1 : 1 ) to give 2 . 72 g ( 88 %) of ( 1s , 5r , 6s )- 6 -( 3 , 6 - difluoro - 2 - methoxyphenyl )- 3 - oxabicyclo [ 3 . 1 . 0 ] hexan - 2 - one as colorless solid . enantiomeric purity could be checked on this stage using chiracel od column , 10 % ipa in hexane — 94 % ee . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 00 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 72 ( m , 1h ); 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ); 4 . 10 ( d , 1h ); 402 ( d , 3h ); 2 . 66 ( m , 2h ); 2 . 37 ( t , 1h ). ( 1s , 5r , 6s )- 6 -( 3 , 6 - difluoro - 2 - methoxyphenyl )- 3 - oxabicyclo [ 3 . 1 . 0 ] hexan - 2 - one ( 130 mg , 0 . 55 mmol ) was mixed with 1 . 2 ml of 30 % hbr / acoh ( 6 mmol ) and heated in a sealed vessel at stirring for about 4 h at 90 ° c . the reaction mixture was then cooled down , mixed with water and extracted into diethyl ether ( 3 × 20 ml ). ether extract was washed with sat sodium bicarbonate solution and brine . dried over magnesium sulfate . concentration gave 160 mg of white solid material . 98 % yield . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 08 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 88 ( m , 1h ); 3 . 44 ( dd , 1h ); 3 . 06 ( t , 1h ); 2 . 96 ( dd , 1h ); 2 . 64 ( dd , 1h ); 2 . 46 ( m , 1h ). ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 1 -( bromomethyl )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1a , 7b - dihydrocyclpropa [ c ] chromen - 2 ( 1h )- one ( 360 mg , 1 . 2 mmol ) was mixed with the solution of naoh ( 0 . 1 g , 2 . 5 mmol ) in 5 ml of water and heated at stirring for 1 h at 90 ° c . after completion the reaction mixture was cooled down and extracted into diethyl ether ( 2 × 20 ml ). water phase was acidified with conc . hcl . the precipitate formed was collected by filtration to give 180 mg of pure product . mother liquor was extracted into ether and washed with brine , dried over magnesium sulfate . concentration gave additional 70 mg of product ( containing up to 15 % of impurities ). overall yield about 92 %. 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ); 6 . 86 ( m , 1h ); 6 . 54 ( m , 1h ); 4 . 48 ( m , 2h ); 2 . 62 ( t , 1h ); 2 . 20 ( t , 1h ); 2 . 11 ( m , 1h ). ethyl diazoacetate is added slowly to 10 g of thiophene at 140 ° c . the reaction was checked by gas chromatography and stopped after 7 hours . the residue is purified by flash chromatography ( 5 % ether in hexane ). the cis isomer ( 917 mg , rdt = 6 %) was identified by nmr spectroscopy . badger g . m . et al , j . chem . soc ., 1958 , 1179 - 1184 . badger g . m . et al , j . chem . soc ., 1958 , 4777 - 4779 . a mixture of the cis isomer ( 443 mg ), lioh ( 193 mg ) in 15 ml of methanol / 25 % h 2 o is refluxed for 1 hour . after evaporation of the solvent under vacuum , the residue is dissolved in water and washed with ether . the water phase is acidified with concentrated hcl , and extracted twice with dichloromethane . after drying , the organic phase is evaporated and gave the desired acid ( 313 . 6 mg ). rdt = 81 %. the title compound is synthesised in the depicted stereochemistry as described in doyle j amer chem soc 117 ( 21 ) 5763 - 5775 ( 1993 ) the title compound is synthesised in the depicted stereochemistry as described in martin et al tett lett 39 1521 - 1524 ( 1998 ). 2 , 4 - diflouroanisol ( 90 mg , 0 . 62 mmol ) was dissolved in anhydrous , degassed , thf ( 7 ml ) and cooled to − 78 ° c . under n 2 . nbuli , 2 , 5 m in hexane , ( 0 . 30 ml , 0 . 77 mmol ) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at − 78 ° c . for 2 hrs . zncl 2 ( 150 mg , 1 . 1 mmol ), as a solution in anhydrous thf ( 7 ml ), was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature for 2 hrs . iodo - 2 - methoxy - 3 - oxabicyclohexane ( 150 mg , 0 . 63 mmol ), pd ( oac ) 2 ( 1 . 5 mg , 6 . 2 mol ), and ligand tris ( 2 , 4 - di - tert - butylphenyl ) phosphite ( 40 mg , 62 μmol ) were mixed in anhydrous thf ( 7 ml ) and added to the reaction mixture . the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 days and quenched with h 2 o . diethyl ether was added and the layers were separated , the organic layer was washed with h 2 o and aq . sat . nacl , dried over mgso 4 , filtered and concentrated to give the title compound , otherwise denoted 2 , 4 - di - fluoro - 5 -( cyclopropylacetal ) anisol . column chromatography on silica ( etoac / hexane 1 : 3 ) gave ( 4 ) 50 mg , 31 %. 1 h nmr ( cdcl 3 ) δ ( ppm ): 6 . 88 - 6 . 94 ( m , 1h , arh ), 6 . 68 - 6 . 73 ( m , 1 h , arh ), 4 . 82 ( s , 1h , choch 3 ), 3 . 97 - 3 . 98 ( m , 1h , choch ), 3 . 94 ( s , 3h , och 3 ), 3 . 79 - 3 . 81 ( m , 1h , choch ), 3 . 30 ( s , 3h , och 3 ), 2 . 13 - 2 . 19 ( m , 2h , 2x ch - cyclopropyl ), 1 . 89 ( tr , j = 7 . 81 hz , 1h , ch cyclopropyl ). bbr 3 1m solution in ch 2 cl 2 ( 5 . 8 ml ; 5 . 8 mmol 2 . 1 eq ) was added to starting lactone , ( 1s , 5r , 6s )- 6 -( 3 , 6 - difluoro - 2 - methoxyphenyl )- 3 - oxabicyclo [ 3 . 1 . 0 ] hexan - 2 - one from example 42c ) ( 0 . 66 g ; 2 . 75 mmol ) at 0 ° c . the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ° c . for 1 h . acetonitrile ( 5 . 8 ml ) was added and stirring was continued for 3 h at 0 ° c . the reaction mixture was quenched by addition of water and the organic phase was separated . water phase was extracted with ch 2 cl 2 and combined organic phases were evaporated . naoh ( 0 . 33 g ; 8 . 25 mmol ; 3 eq ) in water (˜ 5 ml ) was added to the resulted residue and stirred at 80 ° c . for 45 min . the reaction mixture was extracted with ether to remove none acidic impurities . the residual ether in water phase was evaporated in vacuo and conc . hcl was added to ph of ˜ 3 . after ˜ 1 h the solid was filtered off yielding 0 . 497 g ( 80 %) of crude final acid as brownish solid . the crude acid was dissolved in 6 ml of etoh / h 2 o ( 40 / 60 v / v ) and treated with activated carbon . the hot solution was filtered and left for crystallization . yield 0 . 4 g ( 64 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 10 . 32 ( br s , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 68 ( d , 2h ), 7 . 37 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 32 ( d , 2h ), 6 . 96 ( s , 1h ), 6 . 87 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 62 ( dt , 1h ), 4 . 44 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 53 ( m , 1h ), 2 . 56 ( m , ˜ 1h ), 1 , 96 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 434 . indene is diluted in 100 ml dichloroethane . around 10 mg of cui and around 10 mg pd ( oac ) 2 is added . 25 ml of the resultant mixture is dropwise added to 25 ml ethyldiazoacetate and refluxed for 30 minutes . the solution is filtered through al 2 o 3 which is eluted with a etoac / hexane gradient . the eluate is evaporated vigorously at 100 °, 2 mmhg to yield the title compound ( 36 g ). the product of step a ) is boiled with around 50 g naoh in 200 ml 10 : 1meoh : h 2 o for 2 hours . the mixture is diluted with water , washed with dichloroethane , evaporated with hoac , extracted with dichloroethane , washed with water , dried with sulphate , filtered and evaporated to yield 25 g of the acid , 95 % pure . dppa 275 . 2 δ = 1 . 128 10 ml , 46 . 5 mmol tea 7 . 1 ml 1 . 1ee and 7 . 3 g of the acid ( mass 174 . 12 , 0 . 9ee ) is mixed in 200 ml toluene and refluxed for around 2 hours . the product is evaporated and dissolved in dioxane 200 ml . 25 ml hcl ( aq ) and 25 ml water is added and the mixture agitated for 60 minutes at room temperature . the solution is partioned with acid / base in water / dichloroethiane . the organic , phase is dired , filtered and evaporated . the product is chromatographed through a silica 60 column to yield 660 mg of 85 % pure cis amine , mol wt 145 . 11 . to a mixture of indene ( 11 . 6 g , 100 mmol ) and cu 2 br 2 ( 0 . 10 g , 0 . 35 mmol ) in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 200 ml ) at 80 ° c ., was added dropwise ( 3 h ) a solution of ethyl diazoacetate ( 17 . 1 g , 150 mmol ) in 1 , 2 - dichloroethane ( 35 ml ). after 15 min at 80 ° c ., the reaction mixture was washed with h 2 o ( 200 ml ). the h 2 o phase was washed with ch 2 cl 2 ( 50 ml ) and the solvent of the combined organic phases was removed under reduced pressure . the crude product was column chromatographed ( silica gel , 5 → 10 % etoac in hexane ), to give 3 . 63 g ( 18 %) of ± cis - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 6 . 68 g ( 33 %) of ± trans - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a byproduct . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 30 - 7 . 05 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 81 ( q , 2h ), 3 . 36 ( d , 1h ), 3 . 18 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 92 ( m , 1h ), 2 . 24 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 99 ( dd , 1h ), 0 . 92 ( t , 3h ). ± cis - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized from ± cis - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 3 . 53 g , 15 . 5 mmol ), lioh ( 539 mg , 22 . 5 mmol ), h 2 o ( 10 ml ) and meoh ( 20 ml ) which were heated to reflux for 2 h , concentrated and acidified to precipitate 1 . 62 g ( 62 %) of ± cis - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid as a white solid . the product was not crystallized . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 10 . 95 ( br s , 1h , 7 . 35 - 7 . 02 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 29 ( d , 1h ), 3 . 14 ( dd , 1h ), 2 . 96 ( m , 1h ), 2 . 27 ( m , 1h ), 1 . 91 ( dd , 1h ). the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure , benzene ( 20 ml ) was added and the reaction mixture was washed with 1n hcl ( 30 ml ), h 2 o ( 30 ml ) and brine ( 30 ml ). the solvent of the organic phases was removed under reduced pressure . the crude product was column chromatographed ( silica gel , 4 → 5 % meoh in ch 2 cl 2 ), to give 25 mg ( 5 %) of ± cis - 1 -( 5 - cyano - pyridin - 2 - yl )- 3 -( 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ a ] inden - 1 - yl )- urea . 1 h - nmr ( dmso - d 6 ): 9 . 58 ( s , 1h ), 8 . 18 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 96 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 40 - 7 . 25 ( m , 3h ), 7 . 17 - 7 . 05 ( m , 3h ), 3 . 27 - 3 . 13 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 80 - 2 . 73 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 05 ( dd , 1h ). synthesized analogously to example 66 from 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene ( 3 . 91 g , 30 mmol ), to give 688 mg ( 11 %) of 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( a 56 / 39 mixture of cis and trans isomers ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 35 - 6 . 95 ( m , 4h ), 4 . 30 - 3 . 85 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 90 - 1 . 00 ( m , 10h ). 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 66b from 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 688 mg , 3 . 18 mmol , a 56 / 39 mixture of cis and trans isomers ), to give 540 mg ( 90 %) of 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( a 56 / 39 mixture of cis and trans isomers ). the product was not crystallized . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 11 . 36 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 30 - 6 . 95 ( m , 4h ), 2 . 80 - 1 . 65 ( m , 7h ). 1 , 1a , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8b - hexahydro - benzo [ a ] cyclopropa [ c ] cycloheptene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester was synthesized analogously to example 66a from 6 , 7 - dihydro - 5h - benzocycloheptane ( 4 . 40 g , 30 . 5 mmol ), to give 3 . 43 g ( 49 %) of 1 , 1a , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8b - hexahydro - benzo [ a ] cyclopropa [ c ] cycloheptene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( a 1 / 10 mixture of cis and trans isomers ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 40 - 6 . 90 ( m , 4h ), 4 . 30 - 4 . 00 ( m , 2h ), 3 . 30 - 0 . 50 ( m , 12h ). synthesized analogously to example 66 from 1 , 1a , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8b - hexahydro - benzo [ a ] cyclopropa [ c ] cycloheptene - 1 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 3 . 43 g , 14 . 9 mmol , a 1 / 10 mixture of cis and trans isomers ), to give 2 . 81 g ( 93 %) of 1 , 1a , 2 , 3 , 4 , 8b - hexahydro - benzo [ a ] cyclopropa [ c ] cycloheptene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( a 1 / 10 mixture of cis and trans isomers ). the product was not crystallized . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 10 . 76 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 40 - 7 . 00 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 30 - 0 . 50 ( m , 9h ). 6 - methoxytetralone ( 10 g , 0 . 057 mol ) was mixed with 150 ml of dry ethanol and sodium borohydride ( 1 . 2 eq ) was added by portions to the stirred mixture . the reaction mixture was left to stir at ambient temperature for 15 h . the reaction mixture was then concentrated by rotary evaporation , mixed with 100 ml of water and heated for 1 h at 45 ° c . the resulting mixture was extracted into diethyl ether ( 3 × 80 ml ). combined organic extract was dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 10 . 39 g of yellow oil which was used in the next step without additional purification . crude 6 - methoxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydronaphthalen - 1 - ol ( 10 . 3 g , 0 . 058 mol ) was dissolved in 100 ml of toluene and heated in an oil bath ( 115 ° c .). p - tolylsulphonic acid ( 20 mg ) was added to the reaction mixture and it was refluxed for about 1 h . the reaction was monitored by gc . the reaction mixture was then cooled and washed with sat . nahco 3 solution , water and brine and organic layer was dried over na 2 so 4 . concentration gave 8 . 87 g of light brown oil . yield 96 %. 7 - methoxy - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene ( 8 . 8 g , 0 . 055 mol ) was mixed with 10 ml of degassed absolute methylene chloride and 20 mg of rhodium acetate ( appr . 0 . 1 mol %. the reaction mixture was bubbled with nitrogen and ethyl diazoacetate ( 2 eq , 50 % solution in degassed abs . methylene chloride ) was added slowly through the syringe ( flow rate about 1 ml / hour ) to the stirred solution at ambient temperature . gas evolution started upon the addition . the reaction was monitored by gc . additional amount of catalyst was added during the reaction ( about 20 mg ). gc - ratio of cis / trans isomers was 21 : 48 . after the reaction was complete according to gc data the reaction mixture was washed with saturated nh 4 cl solution and brine . the methylene chloride solution was dried over na 2 so 4 . concentration gave 13 g of crude product as yellow oil . purified by column chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethyl acetate / hexane 1 : 20 ). only trans isomer was obtained in pure form . the required cis form could not be purified by the technique used . fractions which were more enriched with required product were combined ( 200 mg , cis / trans ratio 70 : 30 according to gc ) and used for further transformations . ethyl 5 - methoxy - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 2 g , 0 . 8 mmol ) was dissolved in 2 ml of methanol and the solution of sodium hydroxide ( 0 . 2 g , 50 mmol ) in 2 ml of water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at ambient temperature overnight . the extraction of basic reaction mixture into hexane showed that no starting material present . the reaction mixture was acidified with excess of 3m hcl solution ( ph = 1 ), and extracted into ethylacetate ( 3 × 15 ml ). the combined extracts were washed with water and brine , dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 0 . 1 5 g of mixture of cis / trans acids as white solid . 7 - methoxy - 3 , 4 - dihydro - 1 ( 2h )- naphthalenol was synthesized analogously to example 69a from 7 - methoxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenone ( 5 g , 28 mmol ), to give about 5 g of crude product ( quantitative yield ), which was used in the next step without additional purification . 6 - methoxy - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene was synthesized analogously to example 69b from 7 - methoxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenol to give 4 . 4 g of product as brown yellow oil ( 96 % yield from 7 - methoxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenone ). ethyl 6 - methoxy - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate was synthesized analogously to example 67 from 6 - methoxy - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene ( 4 . 4 g , 28 mmol ) at addition rate 0 . 7 ml / h to give 9 . 68 g of crude product as orange - brown oil . purified by column chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 10 ). three fractions were collected : fraction enriched with cis isomer ( 75 % by gc )— 0 . 16 g , mixed fraction — 1 . 76 g , and fraction contained pure trans isomer — 1 g . total yield 45 %. 6 - methoxy - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 69d ) from ethyl 6 - methoxy - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 16 g , 0 . 65 mmol ) to give 0 . 1 g of product as white crystals . yield 71 %. 7 - methoxy - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene ( 6 . 4 g , 40 mmol ) was dissolved in abs . dmf and bubbled with argon sodium ethylthiolate ( 2 . 5 eq ) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at stirring at 160 ° c . for about 4 h . reaction was monitored by gc . reaction mixture was diluted with water , acidified with 3m hcl and extracted into ethylacetate . organic extract was washed with water and brine , dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated by rotary evaporation . purification by column chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethylacetate / hexane ) gave 5 . 36 g of desired phenol . yield 92 %. 7 , 8 - dihydro - 2 - naphthalenol ( 5 . 3 g , 37 mmol ) was mixed with triethylamine ( 6 . 2 ml , 44 mmol ) in abs . methylenechrloride and cooled under nitrogen in the ice / brine bath . triflic anhydride ( 7 . 4 ml , 44 mmol ) was added to the stirred solution through syringe during 10 min . the temperature was allowed to rise slowly up to room temperature . the reaction mixture was then washed with water and brine and dried over na 2 so 4 . the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica . 9 g of brown liquid was obtained . yield 88 %. ethyl 5 -{[( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] oxy }- 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate was synthesized analogously to example 5c from 7 , 8 - dihydro - 2 - naphthalenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate ( 9 g , 32 mmol ) at addition rate 1 ml / h to give 13 g of crude product as orange - brown oil . purified by column chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 15 ). fraction enriched with cis isomer ( 80 % by gc )— 0 . 64 g was collected and used for futher transformations . ethyl 5 -{[( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] oxy }- 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 2 g , 0 . 5 mmol ) was mixed with zn ( cn ) 2 ( 0 . 82 mmol ) and pd ( ph 3 p ) 4 ( 56 mg , 10 mol %) in dmf ( 4 ml ), bubbled with argon for 5 min and heated at stirring in a closed vial for 14 h at 100 ° c . reaction was monitored by gc . the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation , mixed with saturated nh 4 cl and extracted into ethylacetate ( 3 × 15 ml ). organic extract was washed with water and brine , dried under na 2 so 4 . concentration gave 0 . 12 g of product as an oil ( yield 90 %). 5 - cyano - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 69d from ethyl 5 - cyano - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 12 g , 0 . 5 mmol ) to give 0 . 1 g of product as white crystals . yield 94 %. 1 h - nmr ( dmso - d 6 ): 9 . 70 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 32 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 03 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 46 - 7 . 63 ( m , 4h ), 7 . 32 ( br s , 1h ), 3 . 18 - 3 . 10 ( m , 2h ), 2 . 76 - 2 . 65 ( m 1h ), 2 . 62 - 2 . 51 ( m , 1h ), 2 . 34 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 01 - 1 . 80 ( br m , 2h ), 1 . 78 - 1 . 69 ( br m , 1h ). ethyl 5 -{[( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] oxy }- 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 2 g , 0 . 5 mmol ) was mixed with trimethylsylilacetylene ( 0 . 2 ml , 1 . 37 mmol ), dpp ( 35 mg , 10 mol %), pd ( dba ) 2 ( 30 mg , 10 mol %) and cui ( 3 mg ) in et 3 n ( 2 . 5 ml ), bubbled with argon for 5 min and heated at stirring in a closed vial for 14 h at 95 ° c . reaction was monitored by gc . the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation , mixed with saturated nh 4 cl and extracted into ethylacetate ( 3 × 15 ml ). organic extract was washed with water and brine , dried under na 2 so 4 . concentration gave 0 . 15 g of product as an oil ( yield 87 %). ethyl 5 -[( trimethylsilyl ) ethynyl ]- 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1 - h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 2 g , 0 . 64 mmol ) was dissolved in 4 ml of methanol and the solution of sodium hydroxide ( 0 . 05 g , 1 . 2 mmol ) in 2 ml of water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at heating at 65 ° c . for 6 h . the extraction of basic reaction mixture into hexane showed that no starting material present . the reaction mixture was acidified with excess of 3m hcl solution ( ph = 1 ), and extracted into ethylacetate ( 3 × 15 ml ). the combined extracts were washed with water and brine , dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 0 . 12 g of mixture of cis / trans acids ( 85 : 15 ) as white solid . yield 88 %. 7 1 , 4 - difluorobenzene ( 22 ml , 210 mmol ) was mixed with gamma - valerolactone ( 4 ml , 42 mmol ) and alcl 3 ( 28 g , 210 mmol ) was added by portions to the stirred reaction mixture . the reaction mixture was then refluxed at stirring for 16 h ( oil bath 110 ° c .). the reaction mixture was cooled down ( ice / brine bath ) and ice / conc . hcl was added and stirred until homogeneous mixture was obtained . the reaction mixture was then extracted into methylene chloride , washed with water ( 4 × 10 ml ) and sodium bicarbonate solution ( 3 × 100 ml ). the organic extract was dried over na 2 so 4 . concentration by rotary evaporation gave 6 . 7 g of product as yellow powder . yield 81 %. 5 , 8 - difluoro - 4 - methyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenol was synthesized analogously to example 69a from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 4 - methyl - 3 , 4 - dihydro - 1 ( 2h - naphthalenone to give 1 . 8 g of crude product , which was used in the next step without additional purification . 5 , 8 - difluoro - 1 - methyl - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene was synthesized analogously to example 69b from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 4 - methyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenol ( 1 . 8 g , 9 . 1 mmol ) to give 1 . 5 g of product as brown yellow oil ( 90 % yield from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 4 - methyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenone ). ethyl 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate was synthesized analogously to example 69c from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 1 - methyl - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene ( 3 . 5 g , 19 mmol ) at addition rate 0 . 5 ml / h to give crude product as yellow - brown oil . purified by column chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 15 ) to give 5 . 2 g of the mixture of diastereomeric esters together with dimers of eda as coloureless oil ( gc ratio : anti - 45 %; 40 % / trans : cis /, syn - 11 %; 2 . 3 % / trans : cis ). ethyl 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 5 . 25 g , 20 mmol , ˜ 50 : 50 mixture of cis and trans isomers ) was dissolved in 2 . 5 ml of methanol and the solution of sodium hydroxide ( 0 . 4 g , 10 mmol ) in 2 . 5 ml of water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at ambient temperature overnight . the reaction mixture was extracted into hexane ( 3 × 30 ml ). the combined extracts were washed with water and brine , dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 1 . 12 g of cis esters as colourless oil ( mixture of ethyl and methyl esters — 94 % according to gc ). the mixture obtained was dissolved in 1 . 5 ml of methanol and the solution of sodium hydroxide ( 0 . 2 g , 5 mmol ) in 1 . 5 ml of water was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at 95 ° c . for 40 min . the reaction mixture was acidified with excess of 3m hcl solution ( ph = 1 ), and extracted into ethylacetate ( 3 × 15 ml ). the combined extracts were washed with water and brine , dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 0 . 93 g anti -+/− cis acid as slightly orange crystals . yield 20 % ( appr . quantitative if calculated for starting cis isomer ). 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1 - indanone was synthesized analogously to example 72a from beta - butyrolactone ( 4 ml , 52 mmol ) to give 7 . 19 g of yellow powder ( 85 : 15 mixture of corresponding indanone and tertralone according to gc ). the product was purified by column chromatography on silica ( 200 g , ethylacetate / hexane ) to give 3 . 7 g ( 40 % yield ) of pure product together with mixed fraction and fraction containing pure tetralone . 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1 - indanol was synthesized analogously to example 69 from 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1 - indanone ( 3 . 7 g , 20 mmol ), to give about 3 . 75 g of crude product ( quantitative yield ), which was used in the next step without additional purification . 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 - methyl - 1h - indene was synthesized analogously to example 66 from 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1 - indanol ( 3 . 75 g , 9 . 1 mmol ) to give 2 . 36 g of product as beige liquid ( 70 % yield ). ethyl 2 , 5 - difluoro - 6 - methyl - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylate was synthesized analogously to example 69c from 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 - methyl - 1h - indene ( 1 . 32 g , 7 . 9 mmol ) at addition rate 0 . 4 min to give crude product as yellow - brown oil . purified by column chromatography on silica ( 100 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 15 ) to give 0 . 61 g of the mixture of diastereomeric esters cis - and trans - esters as coloureless oil ( cis / trans ratio : 84 : 16 according to nmr ). yield 30 %. anti -+/− cis - 2 , 5 - difluoro - 6 - methyl - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 34 from ethyl 2 , 5 - difluoro - 6 - methyl - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 61 g , 2 . 4 mmol ) by stepwise hydrolysis first with 20 mol . % of naoh and then with the excess of naoh at heating to give 380 mg of product as white crystals . yield 70 % ( appr . quantitative if calculated for starting cis isomer ). 5 , 8 - difluoro - 3 , 4 - dihydro - 1 ( 2h )- naphthalenone was synthesized together with 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1 - indanone according to procedure described in example 73a . separated by column chromatography on silica . 0 . 77 g of pure product was obtained yield 8 %. 5 , 8 - difluoro - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenol was synthesized analogously to example 69a from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 3 , 4 - dihydro - 1 ( 2h )- naphthalenone ( 0 . 77 g , 4 . 2 mmol ), to give crude product ( quantitative yield ), which was used in the next step without additional purification . 5 , 8 - difluoro - 1 , 2 - dihydronaphthalene was synthesized analogously to example 69b from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 1 - naphthalenol to give 0 . 67 g of crude product as brownish liquid ( 90 % yield from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 3 , 4 - dihydro - 1 ( 2h )- naphthalenone ). additional amount of product was also obtained from the mixture of 5 , 8 - difluoro - 3 , 4 - dihydro - 1 ( 2h )- naphthalenone and 4 , 7 - difluoro - 3 - methyl - 1 - indanone by reduction followed by dehydration . the mixture of corresponding indene and naphthalene is easy to separate by column chromatography on silica ( ethyl acetate / hexane 1 : 20 ). ethyl 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate was synthesized analogously to example 69c from 5 , 8 - difluoro - 1 , 2 - dihydronapthalene ( 0 . 7 g , 4 . 2 mmol ) at addition rate 0 . 4 ml / h to give crude product as yellow - brown oil . purified by column chromatography on silica ( 100 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 15 ) to give 0 . 45 g of the mixture of cis - and trans - esters as coloureless oil ( cis / trans ratio : 33 : 67 according to gc ) 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylic acid was synthesized analogously to example 72e from ethyl 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1a , 2 , 3 , 7b - tetrahydro - 1h - cyclopropa [ a ] naphthalene - 1 - carboxylate ( 0 . 45 g , 1 . 8 mmol ) by stepwise hydrolysis first with excess of naoh at r . t . and then with the excess of naoh at heating ( 60 ° c ., 1 . 5 h ) to give 80 mg of product as white crystals ( cis / trans ratio 78 : 22 according to hplc ). this compound was prepared analogously to examples 69a & amp ; 69b from 5 - bromo - 1 - indanone ( 4 . 0 g , 18 . 8 mmol ) to give 2 . 4 g ( 65 %) of 6 - bromoindene . this compound was prepared analogously to example 69c from 6 - bromoindene ( 1 . 95 g , 10 mmol ). purification on silica gel starting with hexanes followed by hexanes with 2 % diethyl ether and finally hexanes with 5 % diethyl ether afforded 670 mg ( 24 %) of the cis - ester . this acid was synthesized analogously to example 69d starting with 330 mg ( 1 . 77 mmol ) of the compound from example 75b to give 232 mg ( 79 %) of (±)- cis - 4 - bromo - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid . this compound was prepared analogously to example 71d from (±)- cis - ethyl 4 - bromo - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylate ( 200 mg , 0 . 7 mmol ) to give , after purification on silica gel using hexanes with 10 % ethyl acetate as the eluent , 73 mg ( 46 %) of (±)- cis - ethyl 4 - cyano - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylate . this acid was synthesized analogously to example 69d starting with 73 mg ( 0 . 32 mmol ) of the compound from example 76a to give 59 mg ( 95 %) of (±)- cis - 4 - cyano - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid . 2 , 5 - difluorocinnamic acid ( 5 . 0 g , 27 . 2 mmol ) was dissolved in 25 ml of ethanol and a catalytic amount of 10 % pd on carbon was added . the reaction mixture was hydrogenated at normal pressure for a period of 3 hrs . filtration through celite and evaporation of the solvent afforded crude 3 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenyl )- propionic acid . this acid was dissolved in 75 ml of toluene and 5 ml of thionyl chloride was added . the reaction mixture was heated at + 110 ° c . for a period of 2 hrs . evaporation of the solvent afforded crude 3 -( 2 , 5 - difluorophenyl )- propionyl chloride , which was dissolved in 25 ml of carbon disulfide and added drop wise to a suspension of 4 g of aluminium chloride in 100 ml of carbon disulfide . the reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hrs and gave after work up and re - crystallization from ethanol 975 mg ( 22 %) of 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 - indanone . this compound was prepared analogously to examples 69a & amp ; 69b from 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 - indanone ( 975 mg , 5 . 8 mmol ) to give 475 mg ( 54 %) of 4 , 7 - difluoroindene . this compound was prepared analogously to example 69c from 4 , 7 - difluoroindene ( 475 mg , 3 . 13 mmol ). purification on silica gel starting with hexanes followed by hexanes with 2 % diethyl ether and finally hexanes with 5 % diethyl ether afforded 205 mg of the cis - ester contaminated with 22 % of the trans - ester . this acid was synthesized analogously to example 69d starting with 205 mg cis - ester from example 77c to give 120 mg of (±)- cis - 2 , 5 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 6 , 6a - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ a ] indene - 1 - carboxylic acid containing a minor fraction of the corresponding trans - acid . sodium hydride ( 60 % dispersion in mineral oil , 0 . 11 g , 2 . 7 mmol ) was mixed with 3 - 5 ml of dry dimethylformamide and 2 - fluorophenol ( 0 . 24 ml , 2 . 7 mmol ) was added to the stirred suspension . when the gas evolution was ceased the reaction mixture was heated at stirring at 60 ° c . and 5 - bromo - 2 - nitropyridine ( 0 . 5 g , 2 . 5 mmol ) was added to the reaction mixture in one portion . the reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ° c . for about 12 hours . the reaction mixture was then mixed with 50 ml of water and extracted into methylene chloride ( 3 × 20 ml ). organic extract was washed with water and brine , dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated by rotary evaporation . the resulting mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , etoac / hexane 1 : 3 ) to give 326 mg ( 57 % yield ) of desired product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 34 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 25 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 36 - 7 . 40 ( m , 1h ), 7 . 23 - 7 . 34 ( m , 4h ). 5 -( 2 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine ( 326 mg ) was mixed with 15 - 20 ml of ethanol and bubbled with argon . about 20 mg of pd / c was added to the reaction mixture and hydrogen gas was applied at normal pressure and ambient temperature for 3 h . the reaction was monitored by tlc . after the reaction was complete , the reaction mixture was bubbled with argon , filtered through celite and the solution obtained was concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 200 mg of desired aminopyridine ( quantitative yield ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 790 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 10 - 7 . 20 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 00 - 7 . 05 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 87 - 6 . 94 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 49 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 51 ( br s , 2h ). ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 50 mg , 0 . 22 mmol , ˜ 95 % ee ) was mixed with toluene ( 1 , 5 ml ), triethylamine ( 1 . 1 eq ), 5 -( 3 - fluorophenyl )- 2 - aminopyridine ( 1 . 1 eq ), dppa ( 1 . 1 eq ) and bubbled with argon for about 5 min . the reaction mixture was then heated at stirring at 110 ° c . for 3 h under in a closed vial . the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation and purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 1 ). desired product was obtained as white powder ( 61 mg , yield 64 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 44 ( br s , 1h ), 9 . 39 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 53 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 00 - 7 . 27 ( m , 4h ), 6 . 93 - 6 . 99 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 84 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 74 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 54 ( d tr , 1h ), 4 . 43 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 79 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 57 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 90 - 1 . 98 ( m , 1h ). aluminium chloride ( 2 g ) was suspended in 3 ml of fluorobenzene . a solution of 6 - chloronicotinoyl chloride ( 1 g , 5 . 7 mmol ) in 2 ml of fluorobenzene was added to the stirred reaction mixture by syringe and stirred at 80 ° c . overnight in a closed vial . the reaction mixture was deluted with etoac and basified with aqueous sodium hydroxide ( ph & gt ; 8 . 5 ). the precipitate formed was removed by filtration . the organic solution was washed with water , dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated by rotary evaporation . desired product was purified by column chromatography on silica ( etoac / hexane ) to give 1 . 22 g ( 90 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 75 ( dd , 1h ), 8 . 08 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 82 - 7 . 87 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 50 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 21 ( tr , 2h ). ( 6 - chloro - 3 - pyridinyl )( 4 - fluorophenyl ) methanone ( 0 . 3 g ) was mixed with 3 ml of abs ethanol and 7 ml of liquid ammonia in an ace ampule ( suitable for work under pressure ). the ampule was closed with teflon stopper ( capfe o - ring ) and heated at 145 ° c . for 14 h . the reaction mixture was cooled down and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give 0 . 22 g of orange - brown oil . the oil obtained was mixed with 1n hcl and precipitate formed was collected by filtration ( starting material ). the acidic solution was washed with etoac and basified with 1n naoh . basic solution was extracted into etoac . organic extract was washed with water and brine , dried over magnesium sulfate . purification by column chromatography gave 60 mg of desired amine . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 5 ( d , ˜ 1h ), 7 . 98 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 79 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 15 ( tr , 2h ), 6 . 55 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 95 ( br s , 2h ); lc - ms : m + 217 , m − 215 . ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 40 mg , 0 . 18 mmol , ˜ 95 % ee ) was mixed with toluene ( 1 ml ), triethylamine ( 1 . 1 eq ), ( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl )( 4 - fluorophenyl ) methanone ( 1 . 1 eq ), dppa ( 1 . 1 eq ) and bubbled with argon . the reaction mixture was then heated at stirring at 110 ° c . for 3 h under in a closed vial . the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation and purified by column chromatography on silica ( 30 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 4 ). the last fraction collected contained desired product together with starting aminopyridine ( 25 %, nmr data ). the mixture was dissolved in methylene chloride and washed with 1n hcl , water and brine . organic layer was dried over magnesium sulphate . concentration gave pure product as white powder ( 30 mg , yield 39 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 74 ( br d , 1h ), 9 . 57 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 22 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 06 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 80 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 22 ( t , 2h ), 6 . 91 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 74 - 6 . 81 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 57 ( tr d , 1h ), 4 . 49 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 86 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 65 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 97 - 2 . 03 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 440 , m − 438 . n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 4 - fluorobenzoyl )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea ( 20 mg ) was dissolved in methanol and sodium borohydride ( appr . 20 mg ) was added to the reaction mixture in small portions . the reaction mixture was stirred for about 3 h at ambient temperature . the reaction was monitored by tlc . the reaction mixture was diluted with water , acidified with 1n hcl and extracted into methylene chloride . organic extract low as washed with water and bine , dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated . purification by column chromatography on silica ( etoac / hexane ) gave 12 mg of pure product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 60 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 20 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 72 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 47 ( d tr , 1h ), 7 . 27 - 7 . 32 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 04 ( t , 2h ), 6 . 75 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 52 - 6 . 62 ( m , 2h ), 5 . 72 ( br s , 1h ), 4 . 43 ( d tr , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 76 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 67 ( br s , 1h ), 2 . 58 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 91 - 1 . 98 ( m , 1h ). ( 6 - amino - 3 - pyridinyl )( 4 - fluorophenyl ) methanone ( 30 mg , 0 . 138 mmol ) was dissolved in 1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid . 16 l of sulfuric acid ( 2 . 2 eq ) and 50 l of et 3 sih and stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h in a closed vial . the reaction mixture was poured into water , basified with 2n sodium hydroxide and extracted into methylene chloride . organic extract was washed with water and brine , concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica ( 10 g , etoac / hexane 1 : 1 ) to give 12 mg of desired product ( 43 % yield ). ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 11 mg , 0 . 05 mmol , ˜ 95 % ee ) was mixed with toluene ( 1 ml ), triethylamine ( 1 . 1 eq ), 5 -( 4 - fluorobenzyl )- 2 - pyridinylamine ( 1 . 1 eq ), dppa ( 1 . 1 eq ) and bubbled with argon . the reaction mixture was then heated at stirring at 110 ° c . for 3 h under in a closed vial . the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation and purified by column chromatography on silica ( 10 g , ethylacetate / hexane 1 : 1 ) to give 4 mg ( 19 %) of pure product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 60 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 05 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 59 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 29 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 05 - 7 . 10 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 99 ( tr , 2h ), 6 . 78 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 59 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 34 ( dd , 1h ) 3 . 74 - 3 . 86 ( m , 3h ), 2 . 59 ( br tr , 1h ), 1 . 92 - 1 . 99 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 426 . potassium tert - butoxide ( 452 mg , 4 . 03 mmol ) was added to a solution of 3 - fluoro - 4 -( n - morpholinocarboxyamido ) phenol ( 907 mg , 4 . 03 mmol ) in dmf ( 6 ml ) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature . then the mixture was heated to 60 ° c . and 5 - bromo - 2 - nitro pyridine ( 724 mg , 3 . 57 mmol ) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° c . for 12 hours . then the solvent was evaporated and the residue extracted between water and methylene chloride . the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated . the resulting mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel ( 0 - ½ - 1 % etoh / methylene chloride ) to give 743 mg ( 60 % yield ) of desired product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 39 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 30 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 53 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 53 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 98 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 88 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 81 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 68 ( tr , 2h ), 3 . 39 ( tr , 2h ). 5 -( 3 - fluoro - 4 -( n - morpholinocarboxyamido ) phenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine was synthesized analogously to example 2 from 5 -( 3 - fluoro - 4 -( n - morpholinocarboxyamido ) phenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine , after 2 hours stirring under hydrogen . the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel ( 0 - 10 % etoh / methylene chloride ) to give 411 mg of the title compound . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 90 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 35 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 20 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 77 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 62 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 54 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 49 ( br , 2h ), 3 . 81 ( m , 4h ), 3 . 65 ( tr , 2h ), 3 . 37 ( tr , 2h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 3 - fluoro - 4 -( n - morpholinocarboxyamido ) phenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 47 mg , 0 . 15 mmol ), with the exception that the reaction mixture was worked up by extractions between etac and 5 % citric acid followed by sat . aq . nahco 3 , to give 34 mg of pure product as white powder ( 49 % yield ) after silica gel column chromatography ( 0 - 3½ % etoh / methylene chloride ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 25 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 66 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 44 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 39 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 29 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 81 ( tr d , 1h ), 6 . 77 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 68 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 63 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 60 ( d tr , 1h ), 4 . 47 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 84 - 3 . 75 ( m , 5h ), 3 . 66 ( tr , 2h ), 3 . 38 ( tr , 2h ), 2 . 62 ( tr , 1h ), 201 - 1 . 95 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 541 , m − 539 borane in thf ( 1m , 0 . 79 ml , 0 . 79 mmol ) was cooled to 0 ° c . a concentrated solution of 5 -( 4 -( n - morpholinocarboxyamido )- 3 - fluorophenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine ( 363 mg , 1 . 05 mmol ) in thf was added through a syringe under argon . a few minutes after complete addition , the cooling was removed and the reaction mixture was heated to 75 ° c . and stirred for 1½ hours . 6m hcl ( 0 . 15 ml ) was added and the mixture was stirred until gas evolution ceased . the thf was evaporated and the residual aqueous solution was basified by addition of near saturated na 2 co 3 solution . the resulting aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride , which was dried through sodium sulfate and evaporated . the title compound was isolated from the residue by column chromatography on silica ( 0 - 6 % etoh / methylene chloride to give 73 mg ( 21 % yield ) as a yellow powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 34 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 26 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 49 ( tr , 1h ), 7 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 88 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 84 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 73 ( tr , 4h ), 3 . 58 ( s , 2h ), 2 . 50 ( tr , 4h ). a hot clear water solution ( 0 . 25 ml ) of sodium sulphide nonahydrate ( 58 mg , 0 . 24 mmol ) and sulphur ( 14 mg , 0 . 447 mmol ) was added to a water - dioxane mixture ( 1 . 12 ml , 1 : 1 . 5 v / v ) of 5 -( 3 - fluoro - 4 -( n - morpholinomethyl ) phenoxy )- 2 - nitropyridine ( 72 mg , 0 . 216 mmol ). the resulting solution was heated at 80 ° c . and stirred for 30 min . then the reaction was cooled and the volatile matter was evaporated and the residue coevaporated with dioxane . the residue was slurried in 30 % meoh - chloroform and the insoluble matter was filtered off and the filtrate evaporated . the title compound was isolated from the resulting residue by column chromatography on silica ( 1 - 4 % etoh / methylene chloride to give 18 mg ( 28 % yield ) as a yellow powder . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 91 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 26 ( tr , 1h ), 7 . 20 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 68 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 60 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 53 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 40 ( br s , 2h ), 3 . 70 ( tr , 4h ), 3 . 51 ( s , 2h ), 2 . 46 ( tr , 4h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 3 - fluoro - 4 -( n - morpholinomethyl ) phenoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 27 mg , 0 . 089 mmol ), with the exception that the reaction mixture was worked up by extractions between methylene chloride and 5 % citric acid followed by sat . aq . nahco 3 , to give 30 mg of product with & gt ; 98 % purity as white powder ( 72 % yield ) after silica gel column chromatography ( 0 - 4 % etoh / methylene chloride ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 25 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 61 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 32 ( tr , 1h ), 7 . 26 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 81 ( tr d , 1h ), 6 . 70 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 64 - 6 . 56 ( m , 3h ), 4 . 47 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 79 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 71 ( tr , 4h ), 3 . 54 ( s , 2h ), 2 . 60 ( tr , 1h ), 2 . 48 ( tr , 4h ), 2 . 01 - 1 . 95 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 527 , m − 525 . sodium ( 26 mg , 1 . 14 mmol ) was dissolved in 2 -( n - morpholino ) ethanol ( 9 . 5 ml ). then 2 - amino - 5 - iodopyridine ( 500 mg , 2 . 27 mmol ) was added followed by copper powder ( 202 mg , 3 . 18 mmol ). the suspension was stirred at 160 ° c . for 40 hours . the solids were then filtered off and the volatile matter was evaporated . the residue was slurried in methylene chloride and the insolubles were filtered off through celite . the title compound in the residual oil was isolated by column chromatography on silica ( 0 - 8 % etoh / methylene chloride . yield 110 mg ( 21 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 7 . 80 ( br s , 1h ), 7 . 12 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 48 ( d , 1h ), 4 . 25 ( br s , 2h ), 4 . 06 ( tr , 2h ), 3 . 74 ( tr , 4h ), 2 . 76 ( tr , 2h ), 2 . 56 ( tr , 4h ). the title compound was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -( 2 - n - morpholinoethoxy )- 2 - pyridinamine ( 33 mg , 0 . 15 mmol ), with the exception that the reaction mixture was worked up by extractions between methylene chloride and 5 % citric acid followed by sat . aq . nahco 3 , to give 12 . 6 mg of product with & gt ; 95 % purity as white powder ( 19 % yield ) after silica gel column chromatography ( 2 - 10 % etoh / methylene chloride ). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 45 ( br s , 1h ), 8 . 08 ( s , 1h ), 7 . 52 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 16 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 64 - 6 . 58 ( m , 2h ), 4 . 45 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 33 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 06 ( tr , 2h ), 3 . 84 ( q , 1h ), 3 . 75 ( m , 4h ), 2 . 78 ( tr , 2h ), 2 . 61 - 2 . 54 ( m , 5h ), 2 . 01 - 1 . 95 ( m , 1h ). lc - ms : m + 447 , m − 445 . 5 -[( 6 - bromo - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - nitropyridine was synthesized analogously to example 1 from 5 - bromo - 2 - nitropyridine ( 203 mg , 1 mmol ) and 2 - bromo - 3 - hydroxypyridine ( prepared according to wo9825920 ) to give 65 mg of product ( 22 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 38 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 31 - 8 . 28 ( m , 2h ), 7 . 6 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 49 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 35 ( dd , ( 1h ) 5 -[( 6 - bromo - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - nitropyridine 65 mg , 0 . 22 mmol ) was dissolved in acetic acid ( 1 . 5 ml ) and water ( 2 ml ) and heated to 50 degrees c . iron powder ( 42 mg , 0 . 75 mmol ) was added and the mixture was left for 1 h . filtration and purification by column chromatography on silica ( ethyl acetate / hexane 2 : 1 ) gave 57 mg , 97 % of desired product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 8 . 11 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 92 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 39 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 2 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 11 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 54 ( d , 1h ). n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-{ 5 -[( 6 - bromo - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - pyridinyl } urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from 5 -[( 6 - bromo - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - pyridinylamine ( 37 mg , 0 . 14 mmol ) and ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 32 mg , 0 . 14 mmol ) to give 25 mg ( 36 %) of pure product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 4 ( br s , 2h ), 8 . 12 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 63 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 43 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 27 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 12 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 88 ( d , 1h ), 6 . 81 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 57 ( m , 1h ), 4 . 49 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 30 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 83 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 62 ( t , 1h ), 1 . 98 ( m , 1h ) n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydrocyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-{ 5 -[ 6 - bromo - 3 - pyridinyl ) oxy ]- 2 - pyridinyl } urea ( 100 mg , 0 . 2 mmol ), zink cyanide ( 70 mg , 0 . 6 mmol ) and tertrakis ( triphenylphospine ) palladium ( 0 ) ( 46 mg , 20 mol % was dissolved in dmf and heated at 85 ° c . for 24 h . under argon atmosphere . the reaction mixture was then extracted between ethyl acetate and 1 m potassium carbonate . the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by chromatography ( silica , 1 % methanol in diethyl ether ) to give 25 mg ( 28 %) of pure product . 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 + meod ): 8 . 10 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 63 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 45 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 28 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 13 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 85 - 6 . 79 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 64 - 6 . 58 ( m , h ), 4 . 46 ( dd , 1h ), 4 . 32 ( dd , 1h ), 3 . 74 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 61 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 01 - 1 . 96 ( m , 1h ) this compound was prepared from 2 - nitro - 5 - bromopyridine and 3 - fluoroaniline using the catalytic amination procedure described for similar compounds in tetrahedron lett . vol . 38 , no 36 , pp . 6359 - 6362 1997 . 8 . 62 ( d , 1h ), 8 . 51 ( dd , 1h ), 8 . 11 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 69 ( dt , 1h ), 7 . 41 ( ddd , 1h ), 7 . 25 ( dd , 1h ), 6 . 61 ( ddd , 1h ), 6 . 39 ( d , 1h ). this compound was easily prepared from n -( 3 - fluorophenyl )- 6 - nitro - 3 - pyridinamine 210 mg , 0 . 9 mmol ) by catalytic hydrogenation ( raney nickel at atmospheric pressure ) in methanol to give the desired product ( 180 mg , 98 %) n -[( 1s , 1ar , 7br )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromen - 1 - yl ]- n ′-[ 5 -( 3 - fluoroanilino )- 2 - pyridinyl ] urea was synthesized analogously to example 3 from n 5 -( 3 - fluorophenyl )- 2 , 5 - pyridinediamine ( 180 mg , 0 . 88 mmol ) and ( 1s , 1ar , 7bs )- 4 , 7 - difluoro - 1 , 1a , 2 , 7b - tetrahydro - cyclopropa [ c ] chromene - 1 - carboxylic acid ( 200 mg , 0 . 88 mmol ) to give 94 mg ( 25 %). 1 h - nmr ( cdcl 3 ): 9 . 2 ( br s , 2h ), 7 . 68 ( d , 1h ), 7 . 35 ( dd , 1h ), 7 . 2 - 7 . 15 ( m , 2h ), 6 . 9 - 6 . 8 ( m , 1h ), 6 . 65 - 6 . 53 ( m , 5h ), 5 . 49 ( s , 1h ), 4 . 4 ( dd , 2h ), 3 . 8 ( q , 1h ), 2 . 58 ( t , 1h ), 2 . 0 - 1 , 95 ( m , 1h ) extensive guidance on the assay of test compounds at the enzyme level and in cell culture , including the isolation and / or selection of mutant hiv strains and mutant rt are found in daids virology manual for hiv laboratories complied by division of aids , niaid usa 1997 . resistance studies , including rational for various drug escape mutants is described in the hiv resistance collaborative group data analysis plan for resistance studies , revised 31 aug . 1999 . compounds of the invention are assayed for hiv activity , for example using multiple determinations with xtt in mta - 4 cells ( weislow et al , j nat cancer inst 1989 , vol 81 no 8 , 577 et seq ), preferably including determinations in the presence of 40 - 50 % human serum to indicate the contribution of protein binding . in short the xtt assay uses human t cell line mt4 cells grown in rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum ( or 40 - 50 % human serum as appropriate ), penicillin and streptomycin seeded into 96 well microplates ( 2 · 10 4 cells / well ) infected with 10 - 20 tcid 50 per well of hiv - 1 iiib ( wild type ) or mutant virus , such as those bearing rt ile 100 , cys 181 or asn 103 mutations . serially diluted test compounds are added to respective wells and the culture incubated at 37 ° c . in a co 2 enriched atmosphere and the viability of cells is determined at day five or six with xtt vital dye . results are typically presented as ed 50 μm . compounds are preferably potent against wild type virus and mutant hiv virus , especially virus comprising drug escape mutations . drug escape mutations are those which arise in patients due to the selective pressure of a prior art antiviral and which confer enhanced resistance to that antiviral . the above cited data analysis plan outlines relevant drug escape mutants for each of the antiviral classes currently on the market . drug escape clones are readily isolated from hiv patients who are failing on a particular antiviral therapy . alternatively the preparation of rt mutations on a known genetic background is shown in wo97 / 27319 , wo99 / 61658 and wo00 / 73511 which also show the use of such mutants in sensitivity profiling . k103 n is a particularly relevant drug escape mutant in the context of nnrti therapy and compounds of the invention preferably have a low ed 50 against this mutant , especially in assays mimicking the presence of human serum . compounds of the invention , such as those exemplified above typically show sub micromolar activities in such assays .