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Absolute Monarchy Essay
What would it be like to be the queen and rule an absolute monarchy? I feel it would be the best to be the queen and have all the say. An absolute monarchy would be best as no elections have to take place. Being the leader of an absolute monarchy means you have no one to answer to. Lastly, an absolute monarchy would be best because the leader can charge as much tax as you want because you are in charge.
Being the leader of an absolute monarchy means I don't have to call for an election because there is no such thing. Elections take a long time to arrange and process the votes but when I am in charge we would never need an election. Many monarchies have been abolished to this day. I would have all the say in any decision made to deal with a country and it's citizens.
If someone wanted to lower the taxes I would have the only decision made and I would not consult anyone else about the matter. I wouldn't need to take opinions from others as I make the decisions without getting others opinions and views on the situation. As the ruler of the absolute monarchy I would have the most wealth. I could make the taxes as high as I wanted to because it is my decision. I would be able to charge the citizens whatever amount I want because I am on top and have all the wealth.
In conclusion, being the leader of an absolute monarchy means you have all the power. Having no elections, being the wealthiest and making all the decisions without anyone's impute, must mean it's the best form of government to be the leader of. " The best reason why monarchy is a strong government is, that it is an intelligible government. The mass of mankind understand it, and they hardly anywhere in the world understand any other." – Walter Bagehot, was a British journalist, businessman and essayist was passed away in 1877.
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Absolute monarchy
The belief in an understandable world, under a methodical Christian God, offered much of the motion for philosophical investigation. Beside that, religious philosophy paid attention on the significance of godliness, and the splendor and secrecy of God's definitive nature; aside from that, thoughts such as Deism strained that the planet was accessible to the supremacy of human reason, and that the "laws" which administer its activities were comprehensible. Outstanding illustrations which support demonstrate why several historians divide the Age of Reason from the explanation are the installation of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.
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Hobbes, whose opinion are a result of the age of reason, scientifically follows and classify human emotion, and conflict for the requires of an inflexible system to embrace back the confusion of nature in his attempt Leviathan. While John Locke is visibly a scholar descendant of Hobbes, for Locke the form of nature is the basis of all unity and, rights and the state's function is to guard, and not to seize back, the state of life.
Galileo Galilei, was a university lecturer in Padua, Italy, who used a telescope, basically recently made, to observe the heavens. Telescope sustains the inspection that allowed Galileo to perceive things of his predecessor which had basically not been acknowledged about. The complexity of the universe that speedily became obvious was in direct antagonism to medieval analysis. Galileo exposed the rings around Saturn, that there were mountains on the moon, moons orbiting Jupiter, and spots moving across the sun.
In count for his effort on astronomy, intelligent Galileo as well made significant contributions in physics. He revealed that objects fall at an expected rate and formulated the mathematical method to illustrate their acceleration. Galileo's effort was a significant step in the path of the fundamental principles of current physics: that the entire nature matches to consistent laws that can be articulated mathematically.
Equally, the combination of geometric philosophy which had conquered Western mathematics and philosophy ever since at least Eudoxus, and algebraic philosophy, attained from the Islamic world over the earlier two centuries impulsive mathematical and a scientific revolution. Sir Isaac Newton's most claims to fame came from a methodical use of algebra to geometry, and synthesizing a practicable calculus which was appropriate to scientific troubles. The Enlightenment was an occasion when the solar system was accurately "discovered": with the correct calculation of orbit, for example Uranus by William Herschel, Halley's Comet, discovery of the first planet ever since ancient times, and the computation of the mass of the Sun using Newton's theory of universal gravitation. The result that this sequence of discoveries had on equally practical commerce and philosophy was important. The eagerness of creating orderly and a new vision of the world, `and the identity for a philosophy of science which may well include the new innovation would demonstrate its fundamental persuade in both secular and ideas religious. If Newton may possibly order the cosmos with "natural philosophy," therefore, lots of disputed, may perhaps be political philosophy sort of the body expedient.
Francois Marie Arouet, was famous philosopher acknowledged universally as Voltaire. Francois was expelled from England in 1726 and 1729, and at hand he considered Locke, Newton, and the English Monarchy. Voltaire's philosophy was that "individuals who can make a person believe illogicality can make that person commit atrocities" that if individuals believed in what is irrational; they will do what is irrational. Like Newton, the philosophers highlighted the value of sensory understanding for gaining facts not simply about the substantial world, but about the social and political worlds as well.
The philosophers were as well strong supporter in liberty, which prepared them adversary of such practices as slavery. Philosophers were also optimistic of the utmost possible independence in economic and political life. Mainly the famous book formed in this era was Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Causes and Nature of the Wealth of Nations, printed in 1776. Smith calls for as little regime intervention as feasible. Adam Smith reasoned that the country well being is merely the collective of the well being of all the persons living in that state. Given that persons are motivated by self awareness and because they identify best what is in their self interest, administration must let the instrument of self attention operate to the advantage of the condition.
Additional basic thoughts also were put forward by the philosophers or their instantaneous precursor. John Lock put down the theory of understanding that was of great significance in Enlightenment contemplation. In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), Locke distinguishes the human brain at birth to an empty slate, a tabula rosa, on which thoughts are emblazoned through knowledge. The empiricism was a vital aspect of the Enlightenment.
The Enlightenment strike on absolutism came from numerous quarters. In 1690 John Locke, a challenger of James II and, Charles II wrote his well-known Two Treatises of Government partly to validate England's overthrow of its king. Locke disputed that administration had a definite responsibility to those they administer; when administration fail to perform their requirement (including the safeguard of life, property and liberty), the citizens are warranted in restoring the government with another that will guard the people's freedom.
Other philosophers continued to challenge the philosophical basis of absolutist rule. For example The Baron de Montesquieu, in the book Spirit of the Laws (1748), argument was that there were a small number of absolutes when it came to structure of government. Relatively, an administration should act in response to its surroundings. Montesquieu calls for the division of powers in the administration to permit for it to react to its environment.
Jean Jacques Rousseau in the Social Contract (1762) upholds that equality and freedom were necessary for a just civilization. In order to endorse equality and freedom, people have to place the regular good before individual own personal interests. This is why persons make regulation once they systematize themselves into societies. Rosseau's model society was self regulating equality, in which every person subordinated his or her own significance to the broad will and in which the common will of the society truly reveal the welfare of the populace who willingly comprised that population.
Under the recent model of the rule of law, the supremacy of government is restricted by apparent and unmistakable lawful canons. Differently in 17th-and-18th-century monarchs hold on to absolutism or the rule of will the credence that they were monarch and their wills only were law. There were, though, reasonably conflicting rationales for absolutism.
Some definitions of sovereignty were concerned with the nature of man. In his most famous and controversial work, Leviathon (1651), the English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that it was the natural state of human beings to be at war with each other. Sovereignty, he reasoned, is located in the people but, out of self interest and the need for peace and security, they delegate it to the state (i.e. the monarch). The understanding between the people and the monarch, then, is a contract; in return for protection the people owe the monarch their total loyalty. If they rebel, the monarch may punish them as he sees fit. Otherwise, Hobbes maintained, there could be no order, and humanity would return to its "nasty, brutish," disorderly state of nature. The method of the cosmos was observed as proof of God; consequently it was an evidence of the authority of monarchy. Natural law started, not as an effect against religion, but as an alternative, as a notion: God did not rule capriciously, but throughout the natural laws that he ratifies on earth. Thomas Hobbes, while an absolutist in regime, drew this dispute in Leviathan. A long time ago the notion of natural law was appeal to; still, it seized on existence of its individuality. If natural law may perhaps be used to support the arrangement of the monarchy, it may well also be used to emphasize the rights of focus of that monarch, that if present were natural laws, subsequently there were natural constitutional rights linked with them, just as there are privileges under man made regulation.
French Absolutism: influential as it was as grounds for absolutism, Hobbes's philosophy did not essentially appeal to the monarch of his day. More striking to most was the presumption of absolutism that warranted the statute of Louis XIV of France, the mainly dominant monarch of his period. It assumed, contrary to Hobbes, that sovereignty resided directly in the person of the monarch and that it was given by "divine right." Responsible only to God, the monarch's word was law. Even the church was subject to royal authority (something that could only be justified after the Reformation, but the papacy still did not embrace this).
In 1648, at the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Holy Roman Empire was hardly an empire at all. It was really a confederation of about 300 independent kingdoms only loosely united under a member of the Austrian Habsburg family who held the title of emperor. The Habsburgs, however, had little real power; what they did have came mainly through bargaining and compromise with local bishops and princes. Their hereditary lands included Bohemia, part of Hungary, Croatia and Transylvania, but even there they needed the cooperation of the local nobility in order to exercise power. Their fondest goal was to create some kind of unified state that they could control. They were held back, however, not just by geography and local politics, but also by great diversity in languages and cultures – a problem that has persisted in the area to the present day (i.e. Slavics, Huns, Germans, Protestant, Orthodox, Catholic, etc).
Bernstein, John Andrew. Shaftesbury, Rousseau, and Kant: an introduction to the conflict between aesthetic and moral values in modern thought. Rutherford [N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1980. Print.
Brue, Stanley L., and Randy R. Grant. The Evolution of Economic Thought. Mason: Thomson Higher Education, 2007. Print.
Hill, L.. "The hidden theology of Adam Smith". The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought . 2001.Print.
Rousseau, Jean, and Immanuel Kant. Rousseau: on the origin of inequality.. Chicago: Great Books Foundation, 1955. Print.
Smith, Adam, Edwin Cannan, and Max Lerner. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Canaan ed. New York: The Modern library, 1937. Print.
Smith,A., 1976, The Wealth of Nations edited by R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner, The Glasgow edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith, . Print.
Vianello, F. "Social accounting in Adam Smith", in: Mongiovi, G. and Petri F. (eds.), Value, Distribution and capital. Essays in honor of Pierangelo Garegnani, London, Routledge. 1999. Print.
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An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations specifically


Let us, then, at the time appointed, gather around their sacred remains, and garland the passionless mounds above them with choicest flowers of springtime; let us raise above them the dear old flag they saved; let us in this solemn presence renew our pledge to aid and assist those whom they have left among us a sacred charge upon the Nation's gratitude—the soldier's and sailor's widow and orphan.
Today is the day we honor those who have given their lives in defense of our country. So far just this year, 171 soldiers have paid that price in Afghanistan or Iraq – a far lower number than we've had in recent years, but each of those soldiers has a family and friends they left behind. Today we not only honor their memories, but reach out to support those they left behind. If you aren't able to personally lend a hand, then perhaps you might consider donating to a charity, such as Fisher House or the National Military Family Association.
And in comment regarding the scandal du jour, I don't think that Obama's choice to skip the Arlington memorial today is wise or particularly respectful; however, it should be noted that he is not the first President to do so (even Reagan missed it once, although he had a good reason), and that he did lay the wreath at the Tomb of the Unknowns last year on Memorial Day. Can we not take a single day off from endlessly haranguing each other over politics to come together for a moment in memory of those who've allowed us the right to do so?
Unto the work they died to do.
As living tributes let us go.
Our pledge that liberty shall live.
To keep the Stars and Stripes on high.
And free men wear no tyrant's chain.
After getting about an hour of sleep last night, I decided to take a nap after getting home from work today.
…And I just woke up. Oops.
It's remarkable that the president would say such a thing. To have such thin skin as to wish that information was unavailable so that his political opponents would have nothing bad to say about him? Ridiculous and juvenile. He's already taken plenty of swings at Fox News in particular, so it's hardly surprising, but it is a little disheartening to hear him come right out and say something like this.
I don't know what will surprise me about this president anymore. At first I thought he would be incompetent, having no experience and all the naivete of a young politician fresh on the national stage. After it became clear that he had an agenda above and beyond what he'd revealed, I was worried he'd cause some grief, but couldn't imagine that the sort of thing he's managed to achieve could possibly happen – not here, not now. And now we stand on the brink of a complete government takeover of health care, under the watch of a man who'd rather daydream about silencing those who criticize him than think about the consequences of what he's doing.
So for those who've asked me in the last couple weeks why I've focused a bit less than usual on politics, it's largely due to the fact that I've been getting increasingly depressed about the state we're in every time I look at what's going on in the political realm.
So that's that, tomorrow we'll avoid politics. Goodnight, all.
A non-citizen, non-resident commits an act of war by hijacking and slamming a pair of airliners into American buildings and our President decides that rather than an act of war, which it was declared as being by the perpetrators, it was a criminal act.
These terrorists are getting high end, hard-left attorneys whose jobs are to get this case thrown out and this man set free. Given the nature of the attack and the response to it, the ongoing war, etc., you face a variety of challenges in trying to actually prosecute this man according to US law: chain of custody on the evidence, proper venue, bringing national security secrets into the open – and all for a man who has no legal right whatsoever for this kind of trial?
Not to mention the media! Oh, the media will have a field day with this. Expect this to be the top story every night and the top headline every morning, as they give this raving lunatic a national platform to spew his hate and his disgusting rhetoric all over the ears and eyes of any American foolish enough to turn on the TV. This goes beyond the realm of irresponsibility and into the territory of either insanity or outright contempt for justice and the nation. Obama has thoroughly mishandled this and discredited himself even on this most basic, black-and-white issue and proven that when it comes down to it, he'd rather give a mass murderer the chance to walk free and do it all over again than let people actually say that this was Islamic terror. He is enabling murder in the name of political correctness, and getting away with it.
He notes that this might be a way to get Bush put on trial by proxy here, and this could be a win/win for Obama. If so, this is only that much more revolting.
Historian Fabio Paolo Barbieri on why politicians act this way.
John C Wright on the utter folly of this disgrace.
And last but not least, the inimitable Sarah Palin.


Walking and biking are great for children's health, are a fun way to get from place to place, and can even help students do better in school. Unfortunately, while most parents walked to school when they were kids, not as many families are walking to school today.
One of the reasons fewer kids are walking or biking is because families are worried about traffic danger. As communities, we can work with our Ward Councillors and City staff to make our neighbourhoods safer and help kids get the many health and social benefits of travelling actively to school.
Many cities around the world and here in Canada have been lowering speed limits, installing traffic calming, and improving intersections. These cities, including Toronto, are gaining the benefits of better health and safety, a cleaner environment, and a stronger local economy.
The guide explains key steps that you, as a resident, can take to be better informed about traffic safety and how you can request street improvements in your neighbourhood.
If you live outside of Toronto, many of our suggestions and approaches will still be useful, but your municipality will have its own specific policies and practices around road safety.
By working closely with your neighbours, school community, Ward Councillor, City staff and other passionate individuals, you can help build a better city.
Get in touch with your School Council Chair and Principal. Talk to them about the Guide to Safer Streets Near Schools, and ask if it can be a topic at an upcoming meeting. Suggest creating a subcommittee that can focus on street safety, and plan a first meeting.
At your first meeting, talk about your vision for the neighbourhood. Use the worksheet from our Toolkit to think about what a safe neighbourhood means to you, and the key pieces that create it.
What are the traffic problems that are in the way of your vision? Our Toolkit worksheet asks you to think about the specific streets that have issues, and what those issues are. Is there no safe place to cross the street? Are cars travelling way too fast?
Find the classification of the streets you wish to improve. Streets in Toronto are classified as one of either local roadway, collector roadway, minor arterial roadway, or major arterial roadway (see our definitions of each of these). On the City of Toronto's website, you can search for streets by name, map, or by ward to find out how they are classified.
Compare the streets you identified on the worksheet to the potential paths that are available for street interventions in Toronto. Read about the steps of each path. You can choose a general path and start to think about which options may work well in your neighbourhood, but we recommend that you not focus too narrowly on any one idea if there are several options that can help achieve the same goal.
If you don't already know who your Ward Councillor is, use the City of Toronto's "Find your Councillor" website. Type in your address to find your ward name and number, along with the name of your Ward Councillor. It will take you to their profile and give you their phone number and email.
Invite your Councillor to your next subcommittee or School Council meeting, and share with them the results of the worksheet you completed. You can use our Toolkit's sample template for reaching out to your Councillor. With their help, decide which of the interventions are possible and best suited to your neighbourhood. Find out if others have contacted them with similar concerns. Then you can begin to follow the specific steps for the path(s) and intervention(s) you have chosen. If you want to recruit more parents to help you move forward, you can fill in the sample outreach letter in our Toolkit and share it with your school community.
We recommend having a vision, defining the problems, and thinking about possible interventions, but keeping an open mind about which ones may work best. Councillors will consult with Transportation Services, who review traffic safety concerns raised by residents, and provide technical recommendations with possible options. Working together with your Councillor and Transportation Services will allow you to direct your efforts towards the interventions that will help you reach your vision and also have the greatest chance of success.


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André Orban in Airbus A380Dhaka Airport (DAC)Dubai Airport (DXB)Emirates AirlineLondon Heathrow Airport (LHR)Munich Airport (MUC)Paris Roissy Airport (CDG) On 24 June 2020, 11:40
Emirates to fly Airbus A380 to London Heathrow and Paris CDG, adds Dhaka and Munich to network
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The highly popular Emirates Airbus A380 aircraft will begin serving travellers on flights to London Heathrow and Paris starting from 15 July. This marks the return of Emirates' flagship aircraft on scheduled services since the pandemic forced the temporary grounding of the airline's passenger fleet in March.
Adel Al Redha, Emirates' Chief Operating Officer said: "The A380 remains a popular aircraft amongst our customers and it offers many unique onboard features. We are delighted to bring it back into the skies to serve our customers on flights to London and Paris from 15 July, and we are gradually looking forward to gradually introduce our A380 into more destinations according to the travel demand on specific destinations. The Emirates A380 experience remains unique in the industry, and even though we've modified services onboard for the health and safety of our crew and customers, we are confident that our customers would welcome flying again in this quiet, comfortable aircraft."
In addition, Emirates has announced that it will commence flights for travellers to Dhaka (from 24 June), and Munich (from 15 July), adding to its growing network.
This follows the announcement earlier in the week, that Dubai will re-open to business and leisure visitors from 7 July, with new air travel protocols that facilitate travel for UAE citizens, residents and tourists while safeguarding the health and safety of travellers and communities.
Emirates currently offers flights to over 40 cities, with safe and convenient connections to, from, and through its Dubai hub for customers travelling between the Asia Pacific, the Gulf, Europe and the Americas. More information on www.emirates.com/wherewefly.
Flights to Dhaka and Munich will be operated with an Emirates Boeing 777-300ER aircraft and can be booked on emirates.com or via travel agents.
Health and safety first: Emirates has implemented a comprehensive set of measures at every step of the customer journey to ensure the safety of its customers and employees on the ground and in the air, including the distribution of complimentary hygiene kits containing masks, gloves, hand sanitiser and antibacterial wipes to all customers. For more information on these measures and the services available on each flight, visit: www.emirates.com/yoursafety
Travel restrictions: Customers are reminded that travel restrictions remain in place, and travellers will only be accepted on flights if they comply with the eligibility and entry criteria requirements of their destination countries. Visit: www.emirates.com/wherewefly. Visitors to Dubai should hold an international health insurance policy covering illness from Covid-19 for the duration of their stay. More information on entry requirements for international visitors to Dubai can be found here.
UAE citizens and residents: Residents returning to Dubai can check the latest requirements at www.emirates.com/returntoDubai.
Dubai, UAE, 24 June 2020
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Celebrating Diversity with Your Children
By Danielle Tessier, Communications & Development Assistant- January 14, 2021- It's finally 2021. We can relish our goodbyes to a year that brought more strife and challenges than any of us bargained for. Although 2020 is over, all of the problems we've faced will not miraculously disappear. With a coronavirus vaccine already in distribution across […]
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By Niki Walls, LSW -December 29, 2020- Parents and guardians are always searching for answers to questions about raising children in today's world. While developments in technology and popular culture have changed many aspects of childhood over time, one thing that has not changed is that our children need love from a caring adult more […]
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De civitate sabermetricarum: How about New Yankee Stadium?
About a month ago, on Baseball Think Factory, there was a thread about the 1961 Yankees. Don Malcolm, blessings and peace be upon him, made the point (in post 15) that the 1961 Yankees were the first team to have SIX players in the lineup who hit 20 or more home runs.
Then, earlier this week, the New York Daily News published an article saying that the early-season 'home-run glut' had abated, and New Yankee Stadium was in no danger of getting anywhere near the all-time single-season record, set in 1999 by the Colorado Rockies.
Be that as it may, the Yankees currently have SEVEN players in the lineup who hit 20 or more home runs, and actually have a good shot at making it EIGHT. The Captain, Derek Jeter, is currently on 18. So, if you're looking for something to make this final weekend of the regular season interesting, you can keep an eye on this unusual development. Personally, I think it reflects an unhealthy obsession with the home run. Is there anything more boring? Isn't it more exciting to have a single, a walk, a double? Well, I think so.
Since the offensive explosion of the mid-1990s, the most 20-plus homer hitters the Yankees had in their lineup was SIX, in 2004. The most common total of 20-plus homer hitters is only THREE, in 1997 (ALDS), 1999 (Champs), 2000 (Champs), 2003 (AL), 2007 (ALDS). Which is my way of saying, an amazingly powerful lineup doesn't make it easier to win a World Championship. Eight would, however, be a new record.


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Irina Răchițeanu (cunoscută și ca Irina Răchițeanu-Șirianu, ) a fost o actriță română. Irina Răchițeanu a fost deputat în Marea Adunare Națională în legislatura 1952 - 1957, aleasă în regiunea Craiova, circumscripția electorală Plenița.

Biografie
A urmat studii de actorie la Conservatorul din București, la clasa profesoarei Maria Filotti, fiind colegă de generație cu Raluca Zamfirescu, Eugenia Bădulescu și Corina Constantinescu. După absolvire a fost angajată ca actriță la Teatrul Național din București.

A fost și profesoară la IATC, pregătind generații întregi de actori.

Distincții
A fost distinsă cu Ordinul Muncii clasa a II-a (1950) "pentru munca depusă cu ocazia «Centenarului Caragiale»" și cu Ordinul Meritul Cultural clasa a II-a (1967) "pentru merite deosebite în domeniul artei dramatice" și clasa I (1971) "pentru merite deosebite în opera de construire a socialismului, cu prilejul aniversării a 50 de ani de la constituirea Partidului Comunist Român".

A primit titlul de Artist Emerit.

Filmografie
 Focuri sub zăpadă (1941) - Maria
 Viața învinge (1951) - Anca Olteanu, soția lui Dan
 Realitatea ilustrată (serial TV, 1969)
 Nunta însângerată (film TV, 1976)

Note

Legături externe
 Irina Răchițeanu la Cinemagia
 "De viață, de dragoste, de moarte", omagiu Irinei Răchițeanu-Șirianu, 15 octombrie 2013, Magdalena Popa Buluc, Cotidianul

Nașteri în 1920
Decese în 1993
Actrițe române
Deputați români în Marea Adunare Națională
Artiști emeriți ai Republicii Populare Romîne și ai Republicii Socialiste România
Decorați cu Ordinul Muncii
Brăileni
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Large parts of central Europe have been hit by very extreme floods over the last decade. In many river courses, observed water levels and flow rates have exceeded previously measured maximum values and design discharge. The issue of extraordinary, that is to say extraordinarily high or 'extreme', floods has to be faced both for the purpose of creating protected areas and for developing the early warning measures required.
Experience during and after very extreme discharges has taught us that construction and technical measures for protection against extraordinary events is only possible to a limited degree. It has also been shown that application of such measures to an event of a particular volume is still necessary and purposeful. However, corresponding residual risk must also be accounted for. The best cover for this remaining risk is offered by preventive measures such as object protection, application of danger zones, timely event prediction and early-warning systems. All countries concerned have been analyzing the potential for applying corresponding measures, and conversion of this research into practice has begun.
When do we classify floods as 'extreme' and how do we evaluate the various situations in the event of this measurement?
How do we receive information about extraordinary events; how well can we estimate extreme discharges on the basis of our observation data; which methods are available to define and determine extreme flow rates?
Which influences underlie the progress of extreme events along a river's course; in what way will the situation change if protective measures are being applied and how could these measures fail if, for example, dikes collapse?
During the workshop, these issues will be further examined using the following theme groups. The partial aspects posited will serve both to stimulate possible discussion points and also as the basis for presentations. The objective of this workshop will be served in particular by contributions in which various proposals are put forward which support the work of the operational departments.
Registration with lunch - from 11.00 a.m.
Theme block I - How extreme is extreme?
Theme block III - Can we assess the effects of human interventions on extreme events?
Torfs, Paul Wageningen University, Water Resources Dep.
Robert Slomp Rijkswaterstaat RIZA Wave prediction on rivers, do you have time to place sand bags?
'extremeness' implies an event's behaviour to cause change.
And a poster author  even succeeded in capturing the subject of the meeting with gentle irony as follows: Extrem = rare • rare • rare.
The difficulties with the definition of "extreme" are connected to a large extent with the relativity of what is experienced as an extreme event. This is evident, among other things, from the fact that the perception of "extreme" may change over time. A good example is provided by the studies in the Sure catchment basin in Luxembourg: "Floods of the same magnitude become more important today" . An essential factor here is the increase, observed in many places, of the vulnerable areas and the potential for damage. The Elbe high water of 2002 was seen above all as a "man made extreme"  as "there is much evidence that there have been higher waters in the past in the Elbe area" . Extreme high water has always been defined primarily by the extent of the damage. Only since natural events have been quantitatively recorded have any more objective evaluation criteria been available.
As extreme events can rarely be measured directly, in general they have to be defined indirectly, usually by means of an analysis and regionalisation of extreme precipitation. There were reports of experiences in Germany, where various tools for estimating rare to very rare precipitation events have been developed . There is still a great need for research in order to derive maximised and extreme localised precipitation levels from selective heavy rain values determined on the basis of extreme statistics. An approach developed in Austria seeks to define (extreme) high water levels by means of regional process types, in order to facilitate a high water estimate which is ultimately more closely oriented towards the process on the regional scale . Greater proximity to the process is a very justified demand; in the case of extreme situations, account must be taken of processes and process combinations, which are often not observed in the case of ordinary events .
Various talks and discussions at the KHR Workshop clearly showed that a great deal of information, extremely revealing and relevant to practice, can be derived from a comprehensive analysis of past extreme events [1, 2]. An analysis of high water statistics benefits substantially from the inclusion of historical events . In earlier times, extreme events were often identified as mavericks and excluded from the observations! The actual scientific challenge consists in the interdisciplinary analysis of (historical) extreme situations, with cooperation between historians, hydrologists and hydraulicists . In large catchment basins, international co-operation is very important ; here, KHR could have an important role as "facilitator". High water chronologies therefore need to be examined objectively . Such chronologies can contribute to the development of more plausible high water scenarios , enabling an improvement in high water risk management.
Overall, the presentations in the first block can be viewed as an initial move towards tackling the still-problematic research area of extreme high water. One speaker  from the first presentation block summed it up: "We tend to overestimate our knowledge!" While retrospective analysis has already been developed to a substantial extent - not least on the basis of the major events of recent years - the aspects of looking ahead, estimating or forecasting are still in the early stages. A further complicating factor is that climate change further increases uncertainty in the context of extreme situations, so that protective measures to today's safety standards will become ever more expensive in the future . Which emphasises the truth in the statement: "Climate is what you affect, extreme events is what you get" .
The determination of extreme discharges is needed to assess flood risks. Such assessment is essential for policy, design of buildings and infrastructure and insurance purposes. An underestimation of flood risk may result in large damages, whereas an overestimation of flood risk increases the design costs. Depending on the potential damage, recurrence intervals used for design are most often in the range of once every 102 years to once every 103 years. The problem is that for most rivers the observation record is too short to accurately estimate design discharges. Aim of this session was to present methods to define and determine extreme flow rates. This summary is mainly based on the studies presented in session 2, but also includes results from relevant aspects presented in the other two sessions. The outline of this summary is as follows: i) limitations and capabilities of flood frequency analysis, ii) alternative approaches for the determination of extreme discharges, iii) other topics related to the determinations of extreme discharges, and iv) a synthesis of the workshop session.
Traditionally flood frequency analyses are used to estimate the recurrence interval and magnitude of extreme floods. Their applicability was illustrated by the fact that during the workshop flood frequency curves were presented for many rivers. Merz (R.) even combined information from a large number of Austrian catchments to derive compound flood frequency distributions for specific flood types. The limited capability of flood frequency analysis to determine extreme discharges was illustrated by several examples with observed extremes that did not fit the distribution functions; Schumann (Saxonia-2002), Naef (Saltina-1993), and Bloschl (Zwetl-2002). The limitations of flood frequencies are not only caused by the limited length of the observation records. Naef showed that discharge measurements during extreme floods are often not reliable. Merz (B.) and Bardossy questioned whether long discharge records are stationary given the upward trend in observed flood peak records. Also the non-homogeneity and the extrapolation of the discharge records was discussed as a limitation of flood frequency analysis.
Blöschl presented a quasi-analytical derived flood frequency model that is able to account for both flood type and seasonality. Data from 50,000 runoff events in Austria were used to develop and validate this method. Main advantage of the method is that it combines information from different catchments and it allows for an analysis of flood generating processes. Naef performed similar experiments for Swiss catchments. De Wit/Torfs (Meuse) and Diermanse/Chbab (Rhine) presented results from a stochastic rainfall generator coupled with hydrological and hydraulic models. This instrument was used to generate long (103 years) discharge records. Such an instrument proved to be a valuable tool to explore flooding conditions that are more extreme than covered by the observed records (Mehlig).
Several presenters stressed that the extremeness of an event should not only be quantified in terms of discharges/water levels but also in terms of damage. This issue was addressed by Mehlhorn who presented flood risk assessment tools for (re)insurance purposes. Such tools not only consist of a flood hazard element, but also quantify vulnerability and value distribution. Naef/Thieken/Grünewald showed examples of the use of historical information for the analysis of extremes. They suggest that there may be a lot of unexplored information in written archives. The use of paleoflood analysis was called for, but not covered during the workshop. Maskey, who presented a fuzzy logic approach for reducing uncertainty in flood forecasting, addressed the issue of flood forecasting during extreme events.
Flood frequency analysis is still widely used for the determination of extreme discharges. The limitations of this method are well known and this has motivated the development of additional methods that range from statistical to process based. There was an overall agreement that these methods are complimentary and their applicability largely depends on the aims of the determination and the availability of reliable data. Further improvements can be expected in the coming years through the access to new data (ongoing monitoring, exploration of archives, spatial data etc.) and the implementation of successful methods and experiences from all over Europe.
The purpose of block 3 was to discuss how best to assess effects of human interventions on floods, and what these effects may be in different contexts. The contributions dealt with these issues in four sub-themes. The first sub-theme addressed statistical methods of how to detect the effects of interventions in flood data. András Bárdossy proposed statistical methods for dealing with non-stationarity. The methods are data based or index methods and allow to perform extreme value statistics in the presence of trends in the data. While this comes at the cost of increasing the number of parameters and some assumptions on the type of the non-stationarity, the methods do relax the limitations of many extreme value statistical methods of assuming stationary populations.
The second sub-theme addressed the issue of how to best assess the effects of interventions in catchments. Axel Bronstert performed large scale hydrological simulations to examine the effect of land use on the water balance and hydrological extremes at various scales. Not surprisingly, the net effect of urbanisation, for example, can be large in small catchments where the increase in sealed surface area can be large relative to the total catchment area. In large catchments the analysis showed the effect of land use change to be very small. Heinz Engel, on the same sub-theme, examined the relative role of interventions in catchments and along the channels. There is a delicate interplay of the retention measures on the Rhine in terms of their total effect on flood mitigation.
This issue has been examined in more detail in sub-theme three in which the discussion focused on how best to examine the effects of hydraulic structures on the flood regime of rivers. Heinz Engel provided a detailed analysis of the polder retention at the Rhine river. Polder size and shape are the main controls and there is the issue of upstream/downstream stakeholder perspectives which can be at stark variance. Flood forecasting plays an important role in flood management. Similar flood retention issues have been expanded upon by Bernd Mehlig from an international perspective.
Sub-theme four focused on how to assess flood risk and mitigate it including residual risk. This involved probability methods and management issues. Matthijs Kok examined the impact of mitigation measures and how to deal with the total probability of failure. Methods of probability based design are now becoming more widely available. A delicate issue of flood management are decisions on when to flood polders. Robert Slomp used hydraulic modelling as a tool of assessing dike heights and dike safety. For the example of Cologne, Reinhard Vogt illustrated flood management and community based approaches of raising flood awareness. Wolfgang Kron presented flood damage issues from the re-insurance perspective.
The ensuing discussion identified a number of research issues that need more attention in the future. The participants felt that the analysis of spatial hydrological patterns in river basins need much more attention when assessing human interventions on extremes, and more generally, assessing extremes at large. More specifically, research should focus on how to best quantify and combine the spatial patterns of flood controls, be it rainfall or antecedent soil moisture, as well as the coincidence of flooding of tributaries. Assessing the probabilities or risk of such coincidence in floods and their controls is a key issue in better understanding and managing floods in large basins. In a statistical context, the participants felt there is a need for better conceptual underpinnings of statistical methods. A wealth of information is available on process controls that is currently used in deterministic methods and this should also be used in statistical methods. How best to include this information statistically should be high in the research agenda on extremes and assessing the effects of interventions. Finally, it was clear from the discussion that flood forecasting plays a key role in flood management. To better constrain forecasting uncertainties, research needs to focus on probability-based methods of flood forecasting.


A possible marriage for John Jenkins & Margaret James in Mar Qtr of 1900 in the Bridgend Reg Dist.
JENKINS, on 17th January 1985, peacefully at home after a long illness, David Austin Jenkins, MBE, formerly HM consul in Algiers and Cape Town. Funeral on Friday 25th January at Eltham Crematorium at 10.45 a.m.
It's a tough call which one but they both tie in with the birth certs and Margarets death certificate record.
Edit inclined to go with the first!
Once the birth certificate was confirmed then the hunch would be too!
That's really incredible to hear. My father often told me that he had relatives in the US.
What sort of information have you gathered so far?
Can you tell me the name of the woman he married and in which state?
I'm sorry to bombard you with questions I'm just very excited.


text:
Arizona Health and Education Departments set guidelines for school reopenings
By Matt Galka , Jonathan J. Cooper and Bob Christie
Health, education officials in Arizona set guidelines for school reopenings
Public schools were urged to use the guidelines when deciding whether COVID-19 infection rates are low enough to safely reopen for full in-person learning.
PHOENIX - Arizona's top health official and the state's education chief laid out a series of guidelines on August 6 that public schools were urged to use when deciding whether coronavirus infection rates are low enough to safely reopen for full in-person learning.
The officials, however, said parents should not expect to see a return to normal at their child's school anytime soon.
"We think it is going to be several weeks before any county meets those benchmarks, but we do see it trending down," said Dr. Cara Christ, who leads the Arizona Health Services Department.
The scientific guidelines released by Christ's department lay out three key measurements of the virus' community impact. But they are just guidelines, and school districts won't be required to reopen or forced to close if they are not met. The metrics will be broken out for all 15 Arizona counties, and schools will use their county's numbers.
Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman discouraged school boards from deviating.
"Schools should adhere to these benchmarks and school boards should be held accountable by their community members to follow the public health recommendations," Hoffman said.
LIST: Arizona districts announce return to school plans
The guidelines say schools can consider re-opening for partial in-person learning once their county meets several criteria as measured over two weeks: fewer than 100 new cases per 100,000 people or a sustained drop in new cases; a rate of positive tests that is 10% or less; and fewer than 10% of hospital visits for COVID-like symptoms.
Schools can consider fully re-opening once there are fewer than 10 new cases per 100,000 people, the test positivity rate falls below 5% and fewer than 5% of hospital visits are for COVID-like symptoms.
Arizona is only meeting one of those three standards now, as the state finally is seeing a drop in cases over the past several weeks. But the rate of positive tests and COVID-like illnesses remain above the thresholds.
Data gathered by The Associated Press from Johns Hopkins University shows the 7-day rolling average of new cases statewide went from 2,751 new cases a day on July 22 to 1,990 new cases a day on Wednesday. The positivity rate in Arizona dropped from a high of 21% the week of June 28 to 11% last week, according to data from the state.
Arizona has 1.1 million students attending K-12 public schools, either traditional district schools or charter schools.
Even if schools decide their county meets the thresholds to fully reopen, Christ said she knows some children won't return right away.
"We know that some parents are not going to be comfortable sending their kids back until there is a vaccine," Christ said.
Another troubling problem for schools is a rising number of resignations or early retirements by teachers, some of whom are concerned about becoming infected if they return to work or about bringing the virus home to a vulnerable family member. Others are quitting to care for their own children who aren't able to go to school.
"It is concerning for me because we were already experiencing a shortage of teachers," Hoffman said.
For instance, one-fifth of Arizona classrooms lacked a fully qualified teacher in January, before the pandemic, Hoffman noted.
Many Arizona schools began their fall semesters this week, with online learning models only. Gov. Doug Ducey issued an earlier order requiring them not to reopen for in-person learning before Aug. 17. Two weeks ago, he said schools would not be required to reopen at that point, saying instead that state health officials would develop the guidelines that were released Thursday.
The Republican governor had set Aug. 17 as the "aspirational" date for schools to reopen in full, but the state's two-month surge of virus cases made that impossible.
Schools were required to begin classes on their normal start date and provide instruction for the full 180 required school days, starting with remote online classes.
They also were required to ensure that in-person resources are available for at-risk students and those whose parents need to send them to school so they can work. That could include computer labs where children can complete online work rather than traditional in-person schooling.
Ducey has been briefing the media weekly since shortly after the pandemic began hitting Arizona in March, but was in Washington to meet with President Donald Trump and other governors this week. The briefing on schools was instead given by Hoffman and Christ, and television stations were not allowed to broadcast it.
Education Union official speaks out
After the guidelines were released, officials with the Arizona Education Association (AEA) released a statement that reads, in part:
"If Arizona is serious about making our schools safe, then our leaders need to provide districts with the flexibility and funding they need," says [AEA President Joe Thomas]. "Districts must include educators in discussions aimed at providing the best possible education for our students as we confront the challenges posed by COVID-19."
As some Arizona schools begin to reopen, parents share their reactions
Parents share their reaction to schools reopening throughout Arizona as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
Scottsdale parents, children and teachers ask for district to reopen only when safe
Teachers, parents and students staged a "motor march" on July 22 in Scottsdale to show they want to return back to school, but only when it's safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Educators hold contrasting views on in-person classes as new school year nears for many Arizona students
As the new school year approached, some teachers are afraid of heading back to the classroom for in-person instructions. FOX 10's Linda Williams reports.
Teacher, school official speak out as students start new school year amid COVID-19 pandemic
Parents, students, teacher, and school district officials are navigating in uncharted waters as students return to school for a new school year amid the COVID-19 pandemic.


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How to make anime friend makes anime friends
A new study has found that making anime friends is much more fun and engaging than you might think.
It found that users were more engaged when they made anime friends than they were when they did not.
A total of 4.4 million people participated in the study.
The study found that anime users are much more engaged in their social networks than non-users, as they are more likely to share information, share their interests and connect with others in the community.
The study was done by a team of researchers from the University of Oxford, the University College London, and the University at Albany in the US, with support from the Microsoft Research Initiative.
"This work shows how anime users' engagement is related to the social network they are creating for, rather than to the content they choose to engage with," said study co-author David O'Keefe, a lecturer in digital media at the University's Faculty of Engineering and Digital Media.
"We think that social networks are important for connecting people, but they also have a major impact on the people they connect with.
This is because the content you post on social media can have an impact on what kind of interaction you are getting."
The study used data from the online survey WeChat, a social media network where users can make anonymous, video-based avatars that appear as their real-world selves.
The researchers compared how users responded to the questions asked about how much fun it was to make an anime friend, and how much more they enjoyed the experience of making anime friendships with people.
A total of 44,000 users from around the world were asked how they felt about making anime friend.
About half of the people said they made an anime friendship, while about 30 per cent of people said that they did it for the sake of making an anime acquaintance.
The next question asked if the person they were making an animation friend with had ever made an Anime Friend or Anime Friend Companion.
More than 90 per cent said they had.
"The participants were more engaging when they were interacting with anime friends, with a significant impact on their enjoyment of the experience," O'Keefe said.
"When people were able to create anime friend avatars they were more likely than non users to share and interact with content on social networks."
The researchers found that the participants who made anime friend made their anime friend more often and more frequently, and that they had more in common with the avatars than those who made avatars for other reasons.
"They were more interested in sharing their avatars, and their avatar avatars were more like their real lives," O.
Keefe said.
"There was also a strong interaction with the anime friends.
This could be because of the way they were creating their avars and avatars with the avatar avatars and the way the avatar avatar avars were related to their real life avatars."
The research also found that people who made an avatar friend also made an avatar video that showed their avarages and a link to their avatar video.
"These videos were more compelling and were less likely to be deleted by users," O'sKeefe said, "but it did raise concerns about whether this might be an abuse of the system.
This may have been because it was a form of video chatting."
The most common reasons users made anime friendship were for the fun they had making avatars as well as to see other avatars.
"In addition to having the best of both worlds, avatars are a great way to show off their aviators," Okeefe said, adding that they also helped people make avatars in other ways.
"It's fun to make aviables, but it's also fun to be able to show others that you have aviable avatars too."
Tagged make anime friends
Why Is The Left So Pissed That I'm Pregnant?
Agoraphobic Make Friends: Why you can make friends on the go


Crawl-EZ over-the-knee non-slip socks are made in thick cotton with rubber grip pads under the feet and on the knee, helping to keep your little one safe and protected while on-the-go. The thick material helps to keep your child's feet warm, while the grips ensure that your child does not slip across the floor when starting to crawl and walk.
The patent-pending Crawl-EZ Socks improve children's motor skills and balance during early development, while giving parents peace of mind.
Designed in Philadelphia, PA. Produced in China. Patent-pending.


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Visit Pensacola Awards $185,000 to Community Events Through Annual Event Grant Program
Visit Pensacola is pleased to announce its 2022 grant recipients for events taking place between Oct. 1, 2021 – Sept. 30, 2022.
Nicole Stacey
nstacey@visitpensacola.com
Pensacola, Fla. – Annually, Visit Pensacola allocates funds to its event grant program for local groups and organizations that coordinate events or visitor experiences with a demonstrated history of visitor impact or significant potential to draw visitors to the area. Since implementing the program in 2015, Visit Pensacola has awarded over $1.6 million to numerous events and organizations within Escambia County.
"Following a year off due to budget restraints and the pandemic, we're very excited to see the return of the program," President and CEO Darien Schaefer said. "These dollars will provide valuable support to events in our community and allow them the opportunity to market people they otherwise might not be able to."
Event grant recipients include:
Gulf Coast Blues Festival: Nov. 26-28
Pensacola Dragon Boat Festival: Oct. 9
Winterfest: Nov. 26-Dec. 24
Pensacola Interstate Fair: Oct. 21-31
Pensacola Mardi Gras: Jan. 7-March 1
Frank Brown International Songwriters Festival: Nov. 4-14
Pensacon: Feb. 18-20
Mahabhuta Vegan Yoga Festival: Nov. 12-14
Pensacola Habitat Food Truck Festival: March 11-13
For anyone seeking funds less than $4,999.99, mini-grants are available year-round. For those interested in applying, please email nstacey@visitpensacola.com to learn more about guidelines and requirements. Visit Pensacola also provides free marketing support through the calendar of events on its website. Events in Escambia County are encouraged to upload information to visitpensacola.com/events/submit-your-event/. To learn more about marketing opportunities with Visit Pensacola, visit www.visitpensacola.org.
Visit Pensacola is the destination management organization for Escambia County which includes Pensacola, Pensacola Beach and Perdido Key. With over 450 years of rich history and 18 miles of sugar-white sand beaches bordered by the emerald-green waters of the Gulf of Mexico, visitors from all over the world are lured to our pristine shores every year. Visit Pensacola supports the community vision of tourism by serving as the central body responsible for building tourism as an economic engine for our community through leadership, connection, collaboration and communication.


Pineapple is both delicious and nutritious. But did you know that they are also fairly high in sugar? Because of this, if you have diabetes or follow a low-carb diet, it's best to manage your pineapple portions carefully. For most consumers, the fruit can be a smart addition to your diet.
Most of the calories in pineapple come from carbohydrate. A cup of chunks contains 82 calories and almost 22 grams of carbs. Most of the carbohydrate is sugar.
There are over 16 grams of naturally-occurring sugar (fructose) in a single serving of pineapple. You'll also gain over two grams of fiber.
The glycemic load of a cup of pineapple chunks is estimated to be 6.
There is almost no fat in pineapple. A serving provides less than a single gram of fat.
Pineapple is not a good source of protein, providing less than one gram per serving.
Pineapples are an excellent source of vitamin C, containing more than one day's worth in a one cup serving. They also contain manganese and are a good source of thiamin. Thiamin is a water-soluble B-vitamin that is involved in metabolic processes, including carbohydrate and protein digestion.
Pineapples have some rather interesting health benefits thanks to the nutrients found in the fruit.
A study published in 2000 examined thiamin in 2,900 Australian men and women over the age of 49. It concluded that those who had the highest thiamin intake were 40 percent less likely to have nuclear cataracts than those in the lowest fifth of the study.
A 2005 study of 408 American women backed up these findings.
Pineapple is also known to contain the anti-inflammatory substance bromelain. This mix of enzymes is thought to be most effective in inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, sinusitis, and even muscle strains, sprains, and other injuries. Bromelain is said to aid digestion as well. Early evidence indicates it may be useful in cancer treatments, though more research is necessary.
However, researchers note that the amount of bromelain found in pineapple is not enough to act as a medicine. Bromelain supplements and topical treatments are available for this purpose. However, there are side effects, drug interactions, and precautions for certain medical conditions. Talk to your doctor before using pineapple or bromelain for medicinal purposes.
The vast majority of pineapples come from Hawaii. You can expect to find fresh pineapple year-round, though the peak season is from March through June.
Is canned pineapple as healthy as fresh pineapple?
Canned pineapple can be rich in sugar. Before eating it, be sure to drain the liquid and rinse the fruit. That juice or syrup can add anywhere from 5 to 15 grams of sugar (roughly one to four teaspoons).
A better choice is to look for canned pineapple with no sugar.
Should you avoid pineapple if you are on a low-carb diet?
Pineapple is relatively low in calories, but a lot of those calories come from carbohydrates. Depending on how you slice it, the thickness and width can change the amount of carbohydrate you're taking in. It also makes it easy to overeat.
It's best to stick with just 1/2 to 3/4 cup serving of pineapple chunks. Also, try to eat this fruit with a meal or a protein-rich food such as low-fat Greek yogurt or cottage cheese.
Can pineapple speed up labor?
Expecting mothers often hear that pineapple can speed up labor.
It is thought that the enzyme bromelain can soften the cervix.
However, there is very little hard scientific evidence relating to the effectiveness of this. In fact, a critical study of various complementary therapies during childbirth notes that the amount of bromelain in pineapple is insignificant. You'd have to eat a lot of the fruit to possibly induce labor.
Pineapples spoil very easily. It is important to use the fruit shortly after buying it and be careful in your selection process. Select fruit that is heavy for the size, this means it will be nice and juicy. It should have a strong, sweet aroma and a rich color.
Avoid pineapple that smells fermented or sour. Skip fruit that has dried leaves, bruises, darkened areas, or soft spots.
As an alternative, you can purchase canned pineapple as slices or cubes. It can also be found crushed, dried, or candied. Try to choose pineapple that does not have sugar added. Be sure to read labels to help with portion control.
Pineapples can be an intimidating fruit to cut, but once you get the hang of it, it shouldn't be a problem.
Slice off the leaves and stem.
Stand the fruit upright and cut off the peel in vertical strips.
Cut the fruit away from the woody core—this is typically done in quarters.
Cut the flesh of the fruit as desired.
It really is amazing all the ways you can enjoy pineapple as a snack or for breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
Pineapples are excellent when eaten raw and make an excellent addition to salads. You can also cut the fruit up and add it to low-fat yogurt, cottage or ricotta cheese, or use it in a favorite smoothie recipe. Pineapples can also be baked, grilled, or incorporated into various soups and stews.
If you are allergic to a variety of fruit, you may also experience a reaction when consuming pineapple as cross-reactivity in fruit allergies are possible, according to medical experts.
Additionally, the bromelain in pineapple may not be safe for people taking certain medications. According to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, you should speak to your healthcare provider before consuming pineapple if you are on a blood thinner (such as Warfarin) or if you take a tetracycline antibiotic.
Higdon J, et al. Thiamin. Micronutrient Information Center, Oregon State University. 2013.
Ehlrich SD. Bromelain. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2014.
Evnas M. Postdates Pregnancy and Complementary Therapies. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2009;15(4):220-224.


Innovative storage solutions have such a positive impact on crafting and is one of those things you don't realise your missing until you've used it. Not only does handy craft storage make accessing your tools and craft stash quick and easy but it saves you money by ensuring you don't end up rebuying things you already have. At Crafty Devils we have a wide selection of storage solutions to keep you organised with everything from die and stamp folders through to boxes and draws for papers and embellishments.
A pack of 10 x 5 litre storage containers with snap-seal lids, brilliant for stacking! Contents not included.
This handy plastic A4 storage box comes with 16 embellishment boxes inside to help keep all your embellishment accessories organised and tidy. Each of the small embellishment boxes measure 9.5cm x 6cm x 3.5cm (L x W x H).


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Saudi Arabia: We're on track for oil supply cut by November
By Mark Thompson and John Defterios, CNN Money
Updated 15:49 PM PHT Tue, October 11, 2016
Istanbul (CNN Money) — Saudi Arabia says its efforts to get big oil producers to agree the details of a supply cut next month are on track.
Under pressure from a price collapse, the world's leading oil exporter abandoned its strategy of pumping flat out two weeks ago when it corralled OPEC into agreeing to reduce production for the first time in eight years.
But the fine points of the agreement — who would cut back, and by how much — were left open at the meeting in Algeria, and major non-OPEC producers such as Russia were not part of the accord.
Saudi oil minister Khalid Al-Falih, speaking publicly for the first time since the Sept. 28 agreement, told CNNMoney's John Defterios he was "optimistic" of having everything nailed down — including the support of Russia and other producers outside the cartel — by the time OPEC meets in Vienna on Nov. 30.
President Vladimir Putin, also speaking at the World Energy Forum in Turkey, said Russia was willing to freeze its output — currently at record levels — as part of the OPEC initiative.
Oil prices moved higher on the back of the comments, gaining more than 2% to $51 a barrel. Global oversupply had caused prices to collapse from over $100 in 2014 to as low as $26 in February.
Al-Falih said the gap between rapidly rising supply, in particular from North America, and slower demand growth that had justified Saudi Arabia's decision two years ago to go all out for market share was disappearing.
"I think the market forces have shifted between 2014 and now," Al-Falih said. "I think it's time to do something different than what we were faced with in 2014."
Al-Falih said it was "not unthinkable" that prices could reach $60 by the end of the year, but stressed he was not targeting a particular price.
"We are in October, we have moved from $40s to $50s. God knows where we are going to be by year end."
He also stressed that OPEC would tread carefully when it comes to reducing supply.
"Many companies are hurting, many countries are hurting. That needs to be relieved. But at the same time we don't want to give the market the opposite signal and shock markets into prices that could be harmful," he said.
The Saudi official, a former head of state-owned oil giant Saudi Aramco, also said the kingdom could ultimately deal with whatever oil price the market sets thanks to its financial reserves and plans to diversify the economy.
And he acknowledged the pain caused by the price collapse could have longer term benefits by forcing Saudi Arabia to become more efficient.
"We did grow a little fat around the belly, we were complacent primarily because of $100-110 oil," he said. "So I think the transition that is slowing down the economy at the top also has many positive components."
This story was first published on CNN.com, "Saudi Arabia: We're on track for oil supply cut by November"
Spotify just added a million new users in under a week
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Gov't hits target with slower 3.8% inflation in February


Drive to Sanjiang. Visit the Drum Tower, the Wind-And-Rain Bridge and the villages of Dong Minority people.
Explore the Dong minority's living place including the largest Dong People's village. Drive to Congjiang in the afternoon.
Drive to Longji. Visit the Longji Terraced Fields, villages of Zhuang and Yao Minority People. Drive back to Guilin in the afternoon.
Longsheng Longji Terraced Fields: Covering an area of 66 square kilometers, they were first built in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and completed in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) by ethnic Zhuang People. The terraced fields are built into the hillsides along the slope winding from the riverside up to the mountaintop, with the highest place of an elevation of 885m and the lowest 380m. The terraces look like great chains or ribbons as they wind from the foot to the top of the hill.


27th Interesting article on using the 1DC for stills photography – grabbing frames for that perfect moment [UF] and another interesting technology with Toshiba's version of a lightfield camera [ISW].
Have you noticed how the 'news' on many rumour sites at the moment seems to be the latest 'deal' for camera equipment? Well, the truth is that the number of reliable (or even half reliable) rumours relating to Canon equipment has massively dried up over the last year or two. I run the rumour section of this site in my spare time and I note that the amount of time I've needed to keep up to date with things has declined.
I have re-jigged some of the ads and links on the page – but I'll try and keep them relatively inconspicuous – A big thank you to every one who looked at an ad or bought anything through the various links. The ads are what have enabled me to expand Northlight's commercial photography business and buy new equipment (and helped buffer against recent economic fluctuations in the kinds of work I do).
Although I want to increase the frequency of new articles and reviews on the site I'll certainly be keeping the rumours pages going during 2013, when I expect we'll see Canon make a move onwards from what has been their standard APS-C 18 MP sensor in several updates. The 2009 vintage, Digic 4 powered, 7D is definitely showing its age.
The CES show is from January 8th to the 11th this year, but remember that it's consumer electronics, so usually more giant TV sets than high end cameras.
24th Canon Japan move the 5D2 to the 'discontinued' list.
23rd Reports that 60D stocks are low and difficult to find [CR] No signs yet of a replacement.
This was found in a Canon brochure, inside a German photo magazine – love the 42mm lens (see the header on our lens rumours page) – thanks for sending it.
Rather slack photoshop and 3D modelling work – this was in a Canon brochure too!
17th All the main manufacturers are looking for the next big thing in sensor technology, and 'foveon type' sensors have appeared here regularly over the years.
There's a new one from Sony (Google xlt from EG) – any appearance in a shipping camera is probably some time off though.
15th CPN articles about the new Canon flash systems and what you can do with them.
11th An interesting viewfinder patent from Canon (Google xlt from EG). It's an optical viewfinder that allows 100% coverage, but incorporates alignment adjustment that enables reduced size.
I'm not sure of the details in the translation, and patents are often written to obscure important details ;-) Possibly for an even smaller DSLR, raher than the EOS M (which doesn't really have the space for a reflex mirror).
22nd I've just finished a detailed Canon PRO-1 printer review.
There is a suggested 'Canon Roadmap' doing the rounds [CR], which I was sent via a circuitous route, suggesting that it's just a rehash of what's at CR.
7th I forgot to mention, that along with the new 24-70/4 and 35/2 lenses, comes a whole new set of lens caps – a 'centre pinch' design.
The re-designed lens caps will start to be rolled out across Canon's entire EF lens range from the beginning of January 2013, and will also be available to buy separately.
25th A very interesting article at Chipworks, analysing sensor developments – in this instance Canon and full frame. It seems that Canon is still using a 0.5um process for their sensor chips – in fact, every Canon FF chip looked at has used 0.5um.
This is the width of the smallest design feature used in the chip design.
To many people 0.5um is incredibly small, but in the world of chip making, this is ancient history. 0.5um rules are 1995 vintage – the latest processor chips are down to 32nm or 0.032um (and will be smaller next year) Sensor chips may not need 32nm design rules, but 500nm restricts what you can do.
This table (from chipworks) shows where the competition are.
It suggests that Canon's choice of 18MP for the 1Dx and a ceiling around 22MP may be due to design rule limitations and what they can produce at economic yields for full frame sensor chips.
It's noted that Canon does have 0.18um chip maunfacturing processes.
Updated – see part 3 of the article for more info and a look at future developments.
16th – Our site was hacked overnight – sorry for any inconvenience.
Meanwhile, Canon announces a service advisory for the WFT-E7A [Canon] Seems that it used the same defective rubber as found on some 650D models.
Only certain WFT-E7A wireless file transmitter units produced between April 9 and July 13, 2012 are affected. If the first two digits of the serial number are "03" through "06" and the fifth digit is "1", the unit is affected.
One thing that I noted was the suggestion that the 1Ds3 had hit the 'sweet spot' for sensors 5 years ago.
As an aside to this I note the interesting comparison between 5D3 and 1D X colour noise at 25600 ISO [CR] and that Nikon's D600 sensor (24MP) comes in 3rd in the all time best list, below the two 36MP D800 models.
Where does this leave Canon sensor technology – how long will my 1Ds3 remain my No1 camera for work ;-) – see also some interesting 3D news we were just sent.
5th Reports of low stocks of the 5D mk2 – time for a new model in October? [the 6D, but that won't be around until Christmas].
24th Canon Japan announce their new large format printers 24″ to 60″ – US/EU announcements are slated for 12th Sept.
14th Canon interview about the EOS system.
Details of Canon US camera rebates (open images in new window to see at full size).
The EOS M is firmly aimed at the 'enthusiast' market, and we're told that a higher end model won't be along this year.
11th I'm told that the 8300/6300 printer replacements will indeed be announced soon, but I've still not seen actual details for what will appear on the 23rd.
For a side bet look to some other lenses to go with the mirrorless, and we're still waiting for an update to the aging Canon iPF5100 A2 printer.
It should be available later this year, but whether it gets an announcement now, or later (in time for Photokina) depends on which bit of Canon is organising things ;-) The Canon Pro-1 was considered the start of the new printer range, but production was seriously hit by events in Thailand (and to a lesser extent for printers, Japan) last year, with supplies still not plentiful.
The larger (newer) x300 range of Canon printers (iPF6300 – iPF8300) are still doing well, and may not be included in any new range – initially.
More about printers at our Canon printer rumours page.
26th Now for one from leftfield that I was told personally, yesterday. The suggestion was that Canon and Nikon are doing some patent swapping and that in return for various Nikon patent licenses, Nikon are going to produce an EF mount camera.
I'm afraid that this one sounds straight from the wishlist factory – I'd love to be able to use my TS-E17, TS-E24 and EF8-15 on a D800E, but I just don't see it happening any time soon.
7th No signs yet of any imminent announcements – we were told to expect a 600D replacement and maybe a lens this month, but still no good info.
BTW Now it's on show, I've written up a 'How to' article covering the making of the 50 foot 'city view at dusk' print, that's the focal point of my current exhibition.
25th Rumours have been quite thin on the ground after the 5D3 announcement, although we've recently heard more of an upcoming 650D announcement.
In some ways I'm glad it's been a bit slow of late, whilst I've been working on the images and prints for a big upcoming exhibition – I've now got the main 14 metre long panoramic print finished and rolled up in a box.
24th A bit of an antidote to some of the uninformed claptrap you read on forums about testing cameras. Good article from CNET about DxO and the real businss of performance measurement.
I should note that I'm a long time user of DxO Optics pro [latest review] for some of my work and am one of their 'Image Masters' – I've no commercial connections though.
12th There is mention of the expected wider range of wireless (RT) flash units, with a 440EX-RT later this year [CR].
I'm presuming that this is the one we heard of in March [29th], although at that time an earlier release was suggested.
3rd Canon announce the EOS 60Da – a specialised 60D with improved red response for astrophotography.
CPN article about using the new Canon radio based flash system.
29th We hear that there will be another new flash announced before too long, to go with the 600EX-RT and ST-E3-RT control unit.
Some time ago I heard it mentioned how Canon's biggest potential competitor in the pro camera market was Sony. After the less than market shaking full frame offerings (A850/900) some wondered where they would go next (ditching the optical VF looks a certainty). Well, Sony is going to launch a business division dedicated to digital imaging [AP].
26th Most of the new fullframe rumours we've had over the past few weeks fall soundly in the 'I want a Canon D800/wishlist' category. However there are suggestions for a lower MP 'introductory' FF camera at CR – time for a 6D perhaps?
21st In an interesting comment, we hear that after last year's events in Japan, Canon took the opportunity to completely overhaul its camera (and lens) roadmap. Numerous corporate changes were listed too, but I was asked not to mention specific names.
One of the results of this was the decision to hold back on higher MP cameras (that were and are still being tested), and concentrate on other areas of image quality. For professional users, this resulted in the 5D3 and 1D X – apparently based on significant feedback from people who use the cameras to earn a living. The message was that these cameras were not (primarily) designed for enthusiasts, but for people choosing them as a tool for work.
From a rumours POV, it seems that information control has also been considerably tightened up, since the comments went along with those of several long term sources who had noticed much less casual discussion about what was coming up.
8th What next? The 650D is overdue and there is that Video DSLR that we've been told to expect.
2nd 5D3 and a new flash are announced by Canon.
14th Canon publish a guide to camera error messages.
Unlike the writer of the IR article, I have yet to be genuinely impressed by an OVF – IMHO they still have quite a way to go before they appear in higher end or 'Pro' DSLRs.
Back illuminated sensors allow for more effective pixel area and take the necessary connections behind the light sensitive bits.
It's of most use with very small sensors, so of much more relevance (recently) with phones and compact cameras with smaller sensors.
Sony in turn have a press release about BSI sensors today [Sony].
These include RGBW pixel arrays, which allow for better low light performance.
17th The Canon US rebates [details below] have been extended until the 7th of February.
9th With a Canon G1X, it looks like onwards to CP+(9-12 February 2012), for the next set of announcements.
8th There will be a Canon mirrorless this year – We've a translation of a Japanese interview about Canon's plans on the Canon mirrorless rumours page. It also mentions the C300 and the impact of the disasters of 2011.


Weaknesses in the new U.S strategy in Syria are being exposed less than a month after it was rolled out, writes journalist Thomas Seibert in The Arab Weekly.
The strategy, announced by U.S. secretary of state Rex Tillerson in mid-January aims to prevent the re-emergence of ISIS and block Iran's advance into the region.
Part of the plan involved the creation of a 30,000 strong force in Syria for which Washington would heavily rely on the Kurdish Peoples' Protection Units (YPG), its local partner in the fight against ISIS.
Shortly after this force was announced, Turkey sent troops into Afrin, a region of north-west Syria controlled by the YPG, which Ankara views as a terrorist group. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and several of his ministers also threatened US soldiers deployed alongside the YPG in the city of Manbij should they not withdraw.
Further east, attacks across the Euphrates River by pro-government Syrian troops and Russian mercenaries resulted in deadly US air strikes in the oil-rich province of Deir ez-Zor on February 7.
Such events suggest that the war in Syria is far from over, but the U.S. strategy assumed otherwise, says, Joe Macaron, a fellow at the Arab Centre in Washington.
The strategy announced by Tillerson is also short on specifics, offering support for the U.N sponsored peace talks in Geneva, but unclear on whether Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad should be allowed to remain in power.
The situation is further complicated by the emergence of competing power centres in Washington. Tillerson's influence on decision making has been doubted following public rebukes from President Donald Trump. Earlier this month, U.S. generals rejected Turkish demands to withdraw from Manbij just days before Tillerson's visited Ankara in an attempt to defuse tensions.
The escalation of the conflict in Syria is exposing weaknesses in the United States' strategy for the war-torn country.


text:
Review Fix Exclusive: Amitis Talks 'King,' Snoop Dogg and Enrique Iglesias
October 1, 2015 Patrick Hickey Jr. Music 0
Review Fix chats with international recording artist Amities, who discusses her recent collaborations with Snoop Dogg and Enrique Iglesias, as well as her new single, "King."
Review Fix: What makes you unique?
Amitis: As a little girl from Iran who had been playing instruments and singing for as long as I can remember, what sets me apart is that the music industry isn't just something I randomly decided to pursue. I have worked very hard to become successful as both an Iranian artist and a crossover artist.
Review Fix: How important is success in the United States to you?
Amitis: Incredibly important. The United States is not only such an incredibly progressive and understanding country, but you also are given the opportunity to pursue your dreams in a way that isn't really possible in other countries. The USA is so progressive in the music industry, and to become successful in America would be a dream come true.
Review Fix: How was "King" written? Is there a story behind it?
Amitis: King was a project that came to mind while figuring out my crossover album. I always was a huge fan of Snoop Dogg and once I got know him personally, I wanted nothing more than to collaborate in a song with him. He is a very humble person and a genius at what he does. I enjoyed this project a lot, because we had a great time making the song and video. His talents are never-ending. I am so happy to have chosen him on my first crossover project.
Review Fix: Who are some artists you draw inspiration from?
Amitis: I love Nicki Minaj, Snoop Dogg, Iggy Azaela. I love how creative they are with their music and their videos. They really inspire me!
Review Fix: What was it like to work with Enrique Inglesias?
Amitis: Working with Enrique was a dream come true. I have admired his music and his talent since I was a little girl. He is extremely professional and made the process very easy and relaxing for me. I can't wait for our song to come out.
Review Fix: What was it like to work with Snoop Dogg?
Amitis: Snoop is one of the nicest, most genuine people I have been given the opportunity to work with. He too was extremely humble, nice and relaxing. We worked very well together, and he made the song amazing. I have listened to Snoop for as long as I can remember, and he exceeded all my expectations.
Review Fix: Bottom Line, why should someone listen to you?
Amitis: As someone who is working on becoming a crossover artist, I think my dedication to the music industry and my passion for music are just a few reasons why people should check out my work. I am extremely hard working and dedicated to making my music incredible for my fans.
About Patrick Hickey Jr.	9367 Articles
Patrick Hickey Jr. is the Founder, Editor-in-Chief, Master Jedi and Grand Pooh-bah of ReviewFix.com and is the author of the book, "The Minds Behind the Games: Interviews with Cult and Classic Video Game Developers," from leading academic and non-fiction publisher McFarland and Company. He is currently the Assistant Director of the Journalism Program at Kingsborough Community College and is a former News Editor at NBC Local Integrated Media and a National Video Games Writer at the late Examiner.com. He has also had articles and photos published in The New York Times, The New York Daily News, Complex and The Syracuse Post-Standard. Love him. Read him.
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The Walking Dead Coverage: In Herschel We Trust
In "Internment" Herschel is at his finest. With a bible in one hand and a knife in another, Herschel shows...


text:
Micro-pilot less Lakshya successfully test flown
28 Feb 2012, Comments: | Views: 3359 | | Category: India Defence
Click On the Stars to Rate:
Currently 3.8571428571429/5
Indigenously developed micro-light and pilot-less target aircraft Lakshya-1 was successfully test flown from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur near Balasore on Tuesday.
'Lakshya-1, fitted with an advanced digitally controlled engine was successfully test flown at about 11.40 AM to check the validity of its engine and duration enhancement, defence sources said."It is a routine trial by the users," the sources said.
Lakshya is a sub-sonic, re-usable aerial target system remote controlled from the ground and designed to impart training to both air borne and air defence pilots. The flight duration of the micro light air-craft is usually 30-35 minutes.
The aircraft has been developed by Indias aeronautic development establishment (ADE), Bangalore to perform discreet aerial reconnaissance of battle field and target acquisition.
Lakshya has been inducted in to the Indian Air Force (IAF) since 2000. The trial was significant as Lakshya-11 PTA was successfully flight tested from the same ground on 25th and 27th January.
India's UAVs
India's Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are important lethal and non-lethal force multipliers in warfare, cost-effective alternatives to manned aircraft in specialized civilian roles and serve as valuable test beds for aeronautical research. UAVs have promising military and civilian applications that include aerial reconnaissance and surveillance, weapon delivery platforms, cruise missiles, border monitoring, law enforcement, anti-smuggling and anti-terrorist operations, weather research, communications, disaster management, pollution monitoring etc.
Currently the following UAV programs are being carried out -
Lakshya Re-usable Aerial Target System
Nishant Surveillance System
Rustom 1
Man portable Fixed Wing Micro Air Vehicle
Air Launched Supersonic Drone System
Controlled Aerial Delivery System(CADS)
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text:
user_os=`cat /etc/os-release | grep -oP '(?<=^ID=)(.*)'`

function albertSpotlightRemove {
  pkill -9 albert
  sudo apt-get purge albert -y
  rm -rf $HOME/.config/albert/
  rm -f $HOME/.config/autostart/albert.desktop
}

function macbuntuRemove {
  sudo apt-get purge macbuntu-os-icons-lts-v7 -y
  sudo apt-get purge macbuntu-os-ithemes-lts-v7 -y
}

function wallpaperRemove {
  sudo rm -f /usr/share/backgrounds/mac-os-sierra-uni-theme.jpg
}

function plankThemeRemove {
  rm -rf $HOME/.local/share/plank/themes/Gnosierra/
}

function plankRemove {
  pkill -9 plank
  sudo apt-get purge plank -y
  rm -f $HOME/.config/autostart/plank.desktop
  rm -rf $HOME/.config/plank/
  plankThemeRemove
}

function unityConfig {
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme 'Ambiance'
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme 'ubuntu-mono-dark'
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "file:///usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png"
  gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher launcher-position Left
  gsettings set com.canonical.Unity always-show-menus false
  gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ launcher-hide-mode "0"
  gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ edge-responsiveness "5"
  gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ icon-size "48"
  gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ num-launchers "1"
  gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ panel-opacity "1.0"
  setsid unity
}

function ubuntuMacThemeRemove {
  albertSpotlightRemove
  macbuntuRemove
  plankRemove
  wallpaperRemove
  unityConfig
}

if [[ "$user_os" == "ubuntu" ]]; then
    ubuntuMacThemeRemove
    sudo apt-get autoremove -y
else
    printf "\n\n${STYLE_RED}\nSorry, for now this theme only works in ${RESET_STYLE}Ubuntu with Unity.\n\n"
    exit 0
fi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Load your family into the 2017 Subaru Forester. With less than 10,000 miles on the odometer, this 4 door sport utility vehicle prioritizes comfort, safety and convenience. It features a continuously variable transmission, all-wheel drive, and a 2 liter 4 cylinder engine. Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. Subaru prioritized fit and finish as evidenced by: 1-touch window functionality, a tachometer, a blind spot monitoring system, heated seats, fully automatic headlights, turn signal indicator mirrors, and power windows. Features such as automatic climate control and leather upholstery prove that economical transportation does not need to be sparsely equipped. For drivers who enjoy the natural environment, a power moon roof allows an infusion of fresh air. You and your passengers will enjoy the stereo system, which includes a CD player with MP3 capability, steering wheel mounted audio controls, and 8 speakers, providing excellent sound throughout the cabin. Subaru ensures the safety and security of its passengers with equipment such as: dual front impact airbags, head curtain airbags, traction control, brake assist, a panic alarm, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. With electronic stability control supplementing mechanical systems, you'll maintain precise command of the roadway. It also arrives with a Carfax history report, providing you peace of mind with detailed information. Our knowledgeable sales staff is available to answer any questions that you might have. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. We are here to help you.