Industrial robots are highly repeatable but not accurate, therefore the accuracy of an industrial robot can be improved through calibration. The nominal accuracy of a robot depends on the robot brand and model, as well as how much it can be improved. After robot calibration, the robot accuracy can be improved by a factor varying from 2 to 10 or even more.
Optionally, a ballbar test (circular test) or ISO9283 path accuracy tests can be performed to quickly validate the accuracy of a robot.
A measurement system is required to calibrate a robot. RoboDK can be used to calibrate the robots as well as to generate accurate robot programs (this includes filtering the programs and using RoboDK's offline programming engine). RoboDK can also be used to test the accuracy of the robot before and after calibration through ballbar testing or robot milling.
Robot calibration can remarkably improve the accuracy of robots programmed offline, also known as Off-Line Programming (OLP). A calibrated robot has a higher absolute as well as relative positioning accuracy than an uncalibrated one.
Video: The following video shows the calibration procedure by calibrating a Fanuc robot using the Creaform C-Track measurement system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Htpx-p7tmYs.
b. Set up the driver for the measurement system (not required for Creaform Optical CMM).
It is recommended to create a virtual environment of the robot setup in RoboDK (offline setup) before starting to take measurements. This section explains how to prepare the RoboDK station offline. This can be done before having the robot and the tracker, only using a computer with RoboDK installed.
Skip this section if you already have an offline cell. The reference frames and tool frames can be estimated approximately. A sample station is shown in the following picture.
Note: The getting started section provides more information about creating a new RoboDK station.
Open online library. The online library will show up in RoboDK.
c. Select Download and the robot should automatically appear in the station.
d. Alternatively, download the robot files (.robot file extension) separately from http://www.robodk.com/library and open them with RoboDK.
i. One "Measurements reference" frame must be added with respect to the robot base frame.
ii. One "Tracker reference" must be added with respect to the "Measurements reference" that we just added.
iii. One additional "Tool reference" can be added with respect to the "Measurements reference" frame to visualize the position of the tool seen by the tracker.
Tip 1: Drag and drop items in the tree to reconstruct the dependency that exists in the real world. For example, the tracker reference must be placed with respect to the "Measurements Reference".
Tip 2: you can approximately move any reference frames or tool frames by holding the ALT key and SHIFT+ALT key respectively. Alternatively, you can double click the reference frame and input the right coordinates.
Tip 3: Rename any object using the F2 key on the item tree.
b. Add the tool object (STL, IGES and STEP files are supported formats) and drag and drop it to the robot (inside the item tree), this will convert the object into a tool. More information available here.
i. Double click the new tool.
ii. Set an approximate TCP value. You can copy/paste the 6 values at once using the two buttons at the right.
iii. It is recommended to rename the TCPs used for calibration with the name "CalibTool id", where id is the calibration target number.
Open… Alternatively, drag and drop files to RoboDK's main window.
Tip 1: Import the 3D files of the measurement workspace and name it Workspace so that the robot measurements are generated inside the workspace of the tracker. Alternatively, set the workspace invisible if we do not want to constrain the measurements inside the tracker workspace. More information is available in the next section.
Tip 2: It is possible to select CTRL+ALT+Shift+P to block exporting confidential 3D files that have been imported in RoboDK.
Then, the following window will appear.
This window can be closed for now. We can open it anytime by double clicking the Robot calibration station item.
Tip: To only calibrate the home position of the robot (also known as "mastering" or "homing"), select Calib. param. on the calibration settings, then, select "Mastering/Home (16)". Otherwise, leave it as Complete, which is the calibration type used by default and allows improving accuracy further.
b. Provide a folder and a file name.
c. Select save. A new RDK file will be generated (RoboDK station file).
We can recover the station modifications anytime by opening the RDK file (double click the file on Windows).
1. The reference frame "Measurements reference" is directly attached to the robot base reference frame.
Important: The measurements reference frame must have a similar orientation to the robot if we want to recover the home position for axis 1. We must be able to measure this reference frame in a very repeatable way using 3 points. See Annex I for more information.
For now, we can use an estimate of this reference frame (approximate value).
2. The Tracker reference is directly attached to the Measurements reference. The tracker reference must be an estimated position of the tracker measurement device with respect to the measurements reference.
3. The "Robot calibration" project is present in the station and all the measurements that we are planning to take are free of collision and visible by the tracker (double click the calibration settings and select show for each group of the four group of measurements).
4. If we want to automatically check for collisions we must use the name tag "collision" in every object that we want to use to check collisions. It is recommended to use a tool around 25% bigger than the calibrated tool to safely avoid collisions.
1. Base setup: six measurements (or more) moving axis 1 and 2 are required to place the calibration reference with respect to the robot. Select Show in the calibration settings window and the robot will move along the sequence.
2. Tool setup: seven or more measurements are required to calibrate the tool flange and the tool targets (moving axis 5 and 6). Select Show and the robot will move along the sequence.
3. Calibration measurements: 60 measurements or more are required to calibrate the robot. These measurements can be randomly placed in the robot workspace and free of collision with the surrounding objects.
4. Validation measurements (optional): as many measurements as desired can be used to validate the robot accuracy. These measurements are used only to validate the accuracy of the robot and not to calibrate the robot.
The first two sets of measurements are automatically generated by RoboDK. Select Show and the robot will follow the sequence (as shown in the following images). If the sequence needs to be changed, select Measure and export the calibration measurements as a CSV file by selecting Export data. This file can be edited using an Excel sheet and re-imported by clicking Import data.
Important: The first line of the CSV file must remain untouched.
o Number of measurements: The number of measurements to generate. By default, 80 measurements are used because a minimum of 60 measurements is required for robot calibration.
o Reference position: The reference position must be a position of the robot where the tool is facing the tracker with visible targets.
● Joint limits: The lower and upper joint limits must be provided.
● Cartesian limits: We can provide Cartesian limits (X,Y,Z values) with respect to the robot reference frame.
The script automatically generates measurements where the tool is facing the tracker as well as respecting the joint and Cartesian constrains. A rotation of +/-180 deg around the tool is permitted around the direction that faces the tracker at the reference position. Furthermore, the sequence of joint movements is free of collision and inside the measurement workspace (if the workspace is set to be visible). The following image shows the summary that is presented to the user before the automatic sequence starts. It may take up to 5 minutes for the sequence to finish.
A new message will pop up once the algorithm finishes. Select Calibration to use the 60 measurements for robot calibration. We can re-execute the same script to generate another set of measurements for validation. This step is optional but 60 measurements ore more are recommended for validation purposes.
If desired, we can modify the script by right clicking the Create measurements script and selecting Edit script, then, modify additional parameters of the algorithm. The script automatically saves the user input as station parameters. We can view, edit or delete these settings by right clicking the station and selecting Station parameters, as shown in the next image.
Finally, it is also possible to import configurations that have been selected manually by selecting Import data (inside the Measure menu). We can import a CSV or a TXT file as an Nx6 matrix, where N is the number of configurations.
Two objects are required: a tool object (held by the robot) and a base reference object (static in the cell). The tracker must be able to see the tool object and the base reference object for each measurement. These objects are also known as "models" (in VXelements) and they are defined by a set of targets attached to the tool and reference frame objects. The tracker tracks the position of these targets providing the reference frame of these objects as a measurement with respect to the tracker. RoboDK takes each measurement as the position of the tool with respect to the base reference frame, so the tracker can be moved without altering the measurements.
The following subsections must be sequentially accomplished to be ready to start taking measurements. Finally, it will be required to connect the tracker and the robot to the computer to automate the procedure of taking measurements.
First, two models are required: one model of the tool and one model of the base reference frame. One model is one object defined as a list of points (X,Y,Z coordinates) corresponding to the targets with respect to the model reference (tool or base reference frame). We can optionally use the HandyProbe to place the reference frame where desired.
1. Start VXelements and connect the tracker. Calibrate the tracker as well as the HandyProbe if required.
2. Select Tracking Models from the left tree in VXelements and select Detect model. Select the targets that correspond to a model (tool or object) and select "Accept".
Tip: Hold CTRL to select a group of targets.
3. The reference frame of the object can be placed at a specific position with respect to certain features of the object. This step is optional but strongly recommended if we need to accurately place TCP features with respect to the robot flange. For example, we could accurately place the Z axis of the tool along a reference cylinder that is used as a spindle axis.
To properly move the reference frame of the object we must use the HandyProbe and bring these features in the virtual VXelements session. The model being used must be defined as the positioning model so that the features are probed with respect to this model. It is possible to probe points, lines, planes, cylinders, cones and define reference frames with respect to these features.
When we are done we can export the model as a txt file. We should see the targets in the text file as a list of XYZ points.
Note: If the objects being tracked are very complex we can use the MaxShot device or photogrammetry services to properly define the object model. This procedure may give better accuracy results.
Connect Stereocamera". A new window should open.
b. Enter the "Base model" and the "Tool model", as text files (generated in the previous section). These are the position of the targets that define the reference frame and the tool frame respectively.
c. Select the "Connect" button.
d. When the connection succeeds, we must provide the Base and Tool models as text files (.txt).
Important: The text files of the models are not saved with the RoboDK station. If the TXT files are modified externally it will automatically update the models next time we take a measurement.
You will see that an integrated version of VXelements starts and, after a few seconds, you should see a green message showing "Ready" if the connection is successful. The VXelements windows can be closed and the connection will remain active. If the connection does not succeed we must make sure that no VXelements processes are running behind the scenes in the Windows Task bar or the Task manager (select CTRL+ALT+DEL to force stop the "VXelementsApiImplementation" process), then, select Connect in RoboDK to try again.
Connect robot. A new window will appear.
2. Set the IP and port of the robot (or the COM port if the connection is through RS232).
3. Click the Connect button.
4. Refer to the appendix if any problems arise.
Note: More information available in the program section.
If the connection is successful you should see a green message displaying Ready. The position of the virtual robot should exactly match the position of the real robot if we select Get current joints. Alternatively, select Move to current joints to move the robot to the current position set in the simulator. The window can be closed and the connection will remain active.
Important: The position of the virtual robot should exactly match the position of the real robot if we select "Get current joints" and "Move to current joints". If this is not the case, some robot settings may be incorrect and some robot parameters might need to be adjusted (such as the pulses/degree ratio for Motoman robots).
1. Base reference measurements (3 minutes).
4. Validation measurements (7 minutes, 60 measurements).
The following video shows how perform this calibration in 20 minutes: https://youtu.be/Htpx-p7tmYs. The validation measurements (step 4) are not mandatory to calibrate the robot, however they provide an objective point of view of the accuracy results. It is also possible to see the impact of calibrating the robot in one area and validating it in a different area.
Select the button Measure for each of the four sets of measurements. This will open a new window that allows taking new measurements as well as import and export existing measurements in a text file (csv or txt format).
These measurements can be performed anywhere in the tool flange if we measure the same target for all the 6 measurements. To start the measurements, select Measure in the Base setup section. The following window will open. Then, select Start Measure and the robot will move sequentially through the scheduled measurements.
Tip: Double click a measurement to continue measuring from that position.
Add Reference Frame) and place it under the robot base reference (Drag & Drop in the item tree).
Once this step is completed we can accurately display the workspace of the tracker with respect to the robot in RoboDK in real time.
Like the previous section: select Measure in the Tool setup section. The following window will open. Select Start Measure and the robot will move sequentially through the planned measurements. Double click a measurement to continue measuring from that position.
Add empty Tool") and select "Recalculate".
Select Measure in the Calibration section. The following window will open. Then, select Start Measure and the robot will move sequentially through the planned measurements. Double click a measurement to continue measuring from that position.
Close the window when the measurements are completed. The robot will be calibrated automatically and it will display the following message if there are no issues.
Finally, the green screen will display some statistics regarding the calibration measurements and how much the accuracy is improved for those measurements.
We shouldn't validate the accuracy of the robot using the same measurements that we used to calibrate the robot, therefore, it is recommended to take additional measurements to validate the accuracy (having a more objective point of view of the accuracy results).
The same calibration procedure must be followed to take the validation measurements. The summary will display the validation statistics. See the following Results Section for more information.
o Position errors: The position error is the accuracy that the robot can attain one point with respect to a reference frame.
o Distance errors: The distance error is obtained by measuring the distance error of pairs of points. The distance between two points seen by the robot (obtained using the calibrated kinematics) is compared with the distance seen by the measurement system (physically measured). All combinations are taken into account. If we took 315 measurements we will have 315x315/2= 49455 distance error values.
The statistics provided are the mean error, the standard deviation (std) and the maximum error. It is also provided the mean plus three times the standard deviation, which corresponds to the expected error for 99.98% of all the measurements (if we take into account that errors follow a normal distribution).
Select Show stats and two histograms will show the distribution of the errors before and after calibration, one histogram for position accuracy and the other showing distance accuracy. The following images correspond to the 315 validation measurements used in this example.
Finally, we can select "Make report" and a PDF report with the information presented in this section will be generated.
o Filter existing programs: all the robot targets inside a program are modified to improve the accuracy of the robot. It can be done manually or using the API.
o Use RoboDK for Offline Programming to generate accurate programs (generated programs are already filtered, including programs generated using the API).
Open) and select Filter only. The program will be filtered and saved in the same folder. The filter summary will mention if there were any problems using the filtering algorithm. We also have the option to import a program if we want to simulate it inside RoboDK. If the program has any dependencies (tool frame or base frame definitions, subprograms, ...) they must be located in the same directory where the first program is imported.
Accuracy) we can decide if we want to always generate the programs using accurate kinematics, if we want to ask every time or if we want to use the current robot kinematics. The current robot kinematics can be changed by right clicking the robot and activating/deactivating the "Use accurate kinematics" tag. If it is active we will see a green dot, if it is not active, we will see a red dot.
A macro example called FilterProgram is available in the Macros section of the library. The following code is an example Python script that uses the RoboDK API to filter a program.
# Tip: after calibration, right click a robot and select "Save as .robot"
This example is useful if a 3rd party application (other than RoboDK) generates the robot program using pose targets.
Note: This is not required if programs are generated automatically using the API.
Once the robot has been calibrated, we usually need RoboDK to filter programs, therefore, a RoboDK license is required (a basic OLP license is enough for generating accurate robot programs once the robot has been calibrated). Filtering a program means that the targets in a program are altered/optimized to improve the accuracy of the robot, taking into account all the calibration parameters (about 30 parameters).
Alternatively, we can calibrate only the joint offsets plus the base and tool reference frames (4 joint offset parameters plus 6 parameters for the base frame plus 6 parameters for the tool frame). The calibration will not be as accurate as if we used the default complete calibration but it might allow entering certain parameters in the robot controller and not depend on RoboDK to generate robot programs.
To obtain the calibration only for the joint offsets we must select the Calib. Param. button, then the Mastering button (inside the robot calibration menu).
A new window will appear after we select Make mastering program. In this window we can select what axes we want to consider creating the new home position.
The button Make mastering program will appear in the robot calibration window. Select this button to generate a program that will bring the robot to the new home position. Transfer it to the robot and execute it, then, the new home position must be recorded.
Important: Recovering the home position for axis 1 and axis 6 requires special attention, more information available in the Appendix.
If the robot and the PC are connected, we can right click the program and select Send Program to Robot to automatically send the program to the robot. Otherwise, we can select Generate robot program to see new joint values for the home position.
Important: If we change the mastering parameters of a robot (home position) and we still want to use a complete calibration (filter programs), we must take the calibration measurements again (and validation, if any) and recalibrate. In this case, we can use RoboDK to filter programs or generate programs from scratch (through CAM files: APT, G-code, …).
To calibrate a reference frame or a tool frame (also known as User frame and TCP respectively) we need some robot configurations touching 3 or more points, these robot configurations can either be joint values or Cartesian coordinates (with orientation data in some cases). It is recommended to use the joint values instead of the Cartesian coordinates as it is easier to check the real robot configuration in RoboDK (by copy-pasting the robot joints to the RoboDK main screen).
Important: When the robot is calibrated, it is strongly recommended to use the joint values instead of the Cartesian coordinates. If we use the joint values, the accuracy of the robot is taken into account to teach the TCP more accurately.
Calibrate tool to calibrate the TCP using RoboDK. We can use as many points as desired, using different orientations. More points and larger orientation changes is better as we will get a better estimate of the TCP as well as a good estimate of the TCP error.
Note: More information available in the tips section.
o By touching one stationary point with the TCP with different orientations.
o By touching a plane with the TCP (like a touch probe).
It is recommended to calibrate by touching a plane reference if we have to calibrate a touch probe or a spindle. This method is more stable against user errors.
If the TCP is spherical, the center of the sphere is calculated as the new TCP (it is not necessary to provide the sphere diameter).
1. Select the tool that needs to be calibrated.
3. Select calibrate using "joints".
4. Select the robot that is being used.
5. Select the number of configurations that we will use for TCP calibration (it is recommended to take 8 configurations or more).
6. Select an estimate of the reference plane. If the reference plane is not parallel to the robot XY plane (from the robot reference) we must add an estimate of this reference plane within ±20 degrees. The position of this plane is not important, only the orientation.
7. We can start filling the table of joint values. We can fill it manually or by doing copy/paste with the buttons (as shown in the image). We can also use the button "Get Jx" to get the current joint values from the robot in the simulator. If we are getting the joints from a real robot connected to the robot we must first select "Get current joints" from the robot connection menu (see image attached or the appendix for more information about connecting a robot with RoboDK). It is strongly recommended to keep a separate copy of the joints used for calibration (such as a text file, for example).
8. Once the table is filled we will see the new TCP values (X,Y,Z) as the "Calibrated TCP", towards the end of the window. We can select "Update" and the new TCP will be updated in the RoboDK station. The orientation of the probe cannot be found using this method.
9. We can select "Show errors" and we will see the error of every configuration with respect to the calculated TCP (which is the average of all the configurations). We can delete one configuration if it has a larger error than the others.
10. We must manually update the values in the real robot controller (X,Y,Z only). If this TCP will be used in a program generated by RoboDK, it is not necessary to update the values in the robot controller.
Calibrate reference to calibrate a reference frame. It is possible to set a reference frame using different methods. In the example of the figure, a reference frame is defined by three points: point 1 and 2 define the X axis direction and point 3 defines the positive Y axis.
Important: It is recommended to use joint targets and activate robot accuracy before calibrating the reference frame as the accuracy of the robot arm will help better defining the reference frame.
Note: More information available regarding reference frame calibration in the tips section.
We must pay special attention if we want to recover the mastering/home values for axes 1 and 6. These values are directly related to the robot base frame for the axis 1 and a TCP reference for axis 6. Therefore, external measurements must be taken to properly set these values. This window appears after we select "Make mastering program" in the calibration menu.
The next two procedures must be followed to properly set the mastering parameters for these two axes.
We must use a reference target to properly set the "home" position of axis 6. The angle offset will be the rotation around the Z axis of the tool flange needed to best fit the measured TCP (X,Y,Z) with the known TCP reference. The measured TCP (see the following image) is one of the TCPs that were measured in the step two of the calibration procedure. The reference TCP is a known reference that corresponds to one of the TCP for the calibration tool being used.
Ideally, the reference TCP must be measured by the CMM with respect to the tool flange (a replica of the robot tool flange would be best). Alternatively, we can use a new robot to measure (step two of the calibration procedure) the TCP for the first time and use one measured TCP as the reference. It is important to use a dowel pin and/or appropriate tool flange referencing to make sure that the end effector is always placed at the same position.
We must properly measure three base targets before starting a robot calibration if we want to align the axis 1 with the real robot base frame. These base targets must be chosen so that the reference frame can be found with respect to the robot.
The "home" position of axis 1 directly depends on the three base targets as well as the robot base setup. The robot base setup is the first calibration step, where the base frame of the measurement system is placed with respect to the robot base frame by moving and measuring axis 1 and 2.
The base targets of the measurement system can be set by pressing "Set base targets" (see following image). These are 3 measurements that will define the desired robot reference frame (the first 2 measurements define the X axis and the third point the positive Y axis). We should use appropriate reference points related to the robot base so that this procedure is repeatable.
The correction angle for joint 1 will be the angle between the X axis of the base reference measured through 3 points and the base reference measured by moving the robot axes 1 and 2. Of course, both vectors are previously projected to the XY plane of the base reference obtained by touching the tree points.


What an awesome day Jason and I had capturing Alex and Damon's wedding at The Village Hotel. We where graced with some sun allowing us to capture the groups outside and enjoy the canapes in the secret garden.
Jason and I would like to congratulate you both.
Enjoy the previews of the new Mr and Mrs Camplin.


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Take the stress out plan planning. Thrive at Five Weekly Meal Plan #17 is your shortcut to fresh and tasty recipe ideas your family will love! Let's get cooking!
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If you've been following along and family meal planning with us, then welcome back! Nice to see you. How's it going? If this is your first visit, then we're so glad you're here!
Every Friday we post a new delicious meal plan that provides you 5 recipe ideas for dinner and 2 "extras" like dessert or sides.
Now that you know what's on the menu this week with your weekly meal plan #17, grab a cup of coffee or tea (my fav) and get your grocery list written out! Feel free to switch these recipes around to whatever night fits your schedule!
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See you ya'll next week! ?
If you missed it, here's last week's meal plan. It has some super tasty recipes…including 2 scrumptious crockpot recipes!


Depending on the specific nature and source of your pain, a variety of interventional pain procedures may be considered. These procedures most typically utilize x-ray guidance (fluoroscopy) and/or ultrasound and may include injections of medications into muscles, joints, specific peripheral nerves and the spine. Radiofrequency nerve ablation may also be considered for certain pain conditions. You may learn more about interventional procedures by reviewing the drop down menu below.
SEPA Pain Management has decades of experience with injection therapy for pain in all areas of the body. We would be delighted to meet with you and discuss the options for extended pain relief. Request an appointment online or call (855) 235-PAIN today.
Epidural injections are used for managing pain in the spine when other treatments have failed. If you have tried taking over-the-counter pain medication and anti-inflammatory medication, there may come a point when you need something stronger, especially if you need longer lasting pain relief. An epidural injection might be the solution. Epidural injections are given for pain originating in the cervical spine (neck), thoracic spine (upper/mid back), and lumbar spine (low back). Similar to a cortisone injection for joint pain, an epidural injection delivers anesthetic and steroid medicine to treat spinal pain directly. The anesthetic provides immediate pain relief by numbing the injection site on your back, and the steroid reduces inflammation at the source of your pain. Results vary for every individual, but you can expect several weeks or months of relief from pain associated with a variety of conditions including herniated discs, spinal stenosis and arthritis, which can cause pain to radiate into the shoulders, arms, hands, ribs, hips, legs and feet. Epidural injections can be repeated for extended relief and in some cases, epidural injections can help you avoid or postpone spine surgery.
An epidural injection is a quick outpatient procedure that can be given in the office or surgical center when sedation is requested. A needle is injected into the epidural space in your spine under X-ray guidance. The medication is injected, and the needle is removed. You may experience temporary discomfort at the injection site when the anesthetic wears off, but the medication will work quickly to provide substantial pain relief within a few days of the injection. Visit our patient education library to learn more about cervical epidural injections, thoracic epidural injections, and lumbar epidural injections.
To find out if an epidural injection is right for you, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
A trigger point is a localized area of muscle spasm and inflammation, often in the neck or lower back, which can cause discrete or broader areas of pain, may contribute to headaches and often reduce your range of motion and your ability to have normal activity. These areas are often felt as a "knot" of muscle and may be associated with conditions such as trauma, pinched nerves, overexertion, fibromyalgia, hormonal deficiencies and myofascial syndromes. Trigger point injections are minimally invasive injections of local anesthetic, with or without steroid, which is routinely performed in an office setting. To find out if trigger point injections can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
Spinal facet joint injections are small joints at each segment of the spine that impact your range of motion and help provide stability. These joints may be the source of neck or back pain when the cartilage within the joints become inflamed or arthritic. Facet injections are a minimally invasive procedure, typically using local anesthetic with or without steroid, which are performed as an outpatient to help diagnose and treat facet joint mediated pain. To find out if facet injections can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
Radiofrequency procedures, sometimes referred to as a rhizotomy or neurotomy procedure, is a minimally invasive procedure that utilizes electrical current produced by a radio wave to heat up a precise area of nerve tissue to help reduce pain, often for many months, or even years. These procedures are commonly performed on spinal nerves, but may also be effective for certain peripheral nerve pain and joint pain conditions. To find out if a radiofrequency procedure can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
A sympathetic block can be used to help diagnose and treat pain emanating from the sympathetic nervous system. Some conditions for which sympathetic blocks have proven benefit include chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS, formerly RSD) and post-herpetic neuralgia. Sympathetic blocks are minimally invasive procedures performed as an outpatient. In some cases sympathetic blocks may be associated with decreased blood pressure and for this reason an IV may be requested by your provider to allow for administration of fluid and possibly medications to help maintain blood pressure. The area of your pain will determine the location of the injection. Injections for pain in the upper body are typically performed in the neck and referred to as a stellate ganglion block. Injections for pain in the lower area of the body are typically performed in the lumbar spine and are referred to as a lumbar sympathetic block. To find out if a sympathetic block can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
Arthritic conditions affecting major joints can cause significant pain, reduce range of motion in that joint and therefore limit your ability to enjoy normal activity. Joint injections are minimally invasive procedures that are typically performed in the outpatient setting under fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance and utilize local anesthetic and steroids. These injections can provide significant relief for many months or longer and help get you back to your normal activities. To find out if a joint injection can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
A peripheral nerve block is a minimally invasive procedure that may help identify and treat the source of your pain. Conditions that may impact peripheral nerves include nerve compression, trauma, inflammation and ischemia (lack of blood flow). Occipital headaches and intercostal neuralgia causing rib pain are common conditions which may be treated with peripheral nerve blocks. These blocks may be performed in the office or ambulatory surgery center setting and typically involve an injection using local anesthetic with or without steroid. The period of pain relief can be variable, but is often prolonged with a significant reduction in pain. To find out if a peripheral nerve block can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is a therapy that prevents pain signals from reaching the brain. This treatment option is generally reserved for patients that have been unable to control their pain with other pain management strategies or surgery. Failed back syndrome is amongst the more common conditions treated with this technology, but it has also been used to treat other types of pain due to nerve damage. The device itself is similar to a pacemaker and special wires known as "electrodes" are inserted into the spine through a needle using x-ray guidance. The needle is removed and the wires remain in place and attach to a generator (a small battery) that produces electrical stimulation that interrupts the pain signal. Patients typically must initially undergo a trial period of several days to determine if they are an appropriate candidate. During this trial period removable temporary electrodes and external generators are utilized. If the trial is deemed successful, you will be referred for implantation of a permanent spinal cord stimulator which remains under the skin and is most commonly performed through a needle and small incision by a pain specialist or neurosurgeon.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) is similar to SCS in how it interrupts or modulates pain except that electrodes are placed along individual peripheral nerves instead of in the spinal column. The process for trialing and obtaining this technology is similar to that of SCS as noted above and may be useful in treating otherwise unmanageable pain associated with conditions such as CRPS (chronic regional pain syndrome), diabetic peripheral neuropathy, meralgia paresthetica, occipital, cluneal, intercostal and ilioinguinal neuralgias as well as certain painful back and neck conditions. To find out if SCS or PNS can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
An intrathecal pump is a medical device that delivers medications to the intrathecal space just outside the spinal cord. A reservoir or "pump" is implanted between the muscle and skin of the abdomen using a minimally invasive surgical procedure. A catheter is attached to the pump and is surgically directed into the intrathecal space. The pump is then programmed to deliver a variety of medications (dependent on the condition treated) that are delivered via the catheter at a dose determined with the help of your pain physician. The pump is easily programmable using a hand-held, non-invasive device. The pump is periodically refilled using a needle inserted through the skin directly into the reservoir using a technique not much different from having an IV placed to receive medications or fluids.
Not everyone is a candidate for this kind of therapy, but patients who have otherwise failed conservative therapy, are dependent on large doses of pain medications and are not a candidate for curative or palliative surgery may be considered. Intrathecal pump therapy can help with the management of a number of chronic pain conditions such as cancer pain, chronic pancreatitis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and failed back surgery syndrome. Intrathecal pump therapy can also help decrease muscle spasms and rigidity associated with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis and certain brain or spinal cord injuries. To find out if intrathecal pump therapy can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
MILD is a safe procedure that can help patients with spinal stenosis stand and walk for longer periods of time with less pain. This outpatient procedure is performed through a vary small incision, does not require general anesthesia, implants or stitches. Average improvement at one year follow up has shown a dramatic increase in patients' ability to stand or walk and more than a 50% reduction in pain. To find out if a MILD procedure can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.
BOTOX is a synthetic chemical that may be used to block nerve pain and relax muscles. It has been effectively used to treat a variety of painful conditions including muscle spasticity, chronic neck pain, fibromyalgia, and tension and migraine headaches. To find out if BOTOX injections can help reduce your pain, consider making an appointment with the experts at SEPA Pain Management.


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text:
Screaming Artworks That Use the Human Howl as Their Focus
We're not sure how Edvard Munch would feel about his tortured Expressionist painting The Scream being used to sell tote bags, umbrellas, and greeting cards. But the Norwegian painter might get a kick out of knowing that his famous creation was stolen twice — and was luckily recaptured. The painting of an agonized figure set against a hellish landscape — which Munch technically titled Der Schrei der Natur (The Scream of Nature) — has been parodied and imitated so much, the mere expression (à la Home Alone) is instantly recognizable. Nobody depicts a blood-curdling howl quite like Munch, but other artists have used the scream as a focus of their work in fascinating ways.
Homage to Edvard Munch and All My Dead Children, by Tracy Emin
From White Cube gallery in London:
Tracey Emin has said in interviews and in her own writing that The Scream by Edvard Munch is her favorite historical painting. In 1998, she made a short film entitled Homage to Edvard Munch and All My Dead Children set on a wooden jetty at the edge of the Oslo Fjord, the same location that Munch used as background for his iconic figure. In Emin's film, we are first shown the artist naked and curled in a foetal position, from behind; then the camera moves to the fjord's resplendent water, and we hear Emin scream, the sharp sound filling the screen for almost a minute. Somehow Emin's version of Munch's universal image of anguish is more horrifying than the original picture. Munch formulated that image within an Expressionist practice, and a highly personal one at that. But the painting is also objective. Mostly it is assumed that the figure screaming on the jetty is a man, but when I consult a lithograph of the painting made in 1895, I am no longer so sure. It might be a woman. This being unclear, the figure must be Everyman (Everywoman). Munch employed a style that allows the screaming person to be impersonal and general, that is, symbolistic. By contrast, Emin's adaptation of the painting is extremely realistic.
Voice Piece for Soprano & Wish Tree at MoMA, Yoko Ono
Yoko Ono reprised her 1961 performance/installation Voice Piece for Soprano in 2010, asking visitors at MoMA to use a microphone in the museum's atrium and follow the artist's instructions posted on the wall: "Scream 1. against the wind; 2. against the wall; 3. against the sky."
Screaming Pope series, by Francis Bacon
Bacon's obsession with the scream was inspired by medical texts, Sergei Eisenstein's 1925 silent The Battleship Potemkin, the works of Matthias Grünewald, and other sources. Phaidon sheds another light on the Screaming Pope series that Bacon completed in the 1950s:
Bacon's obsessive reworking of the papal theme suggests that it may have possessed further significance and perhaps psychological charge for the artist in relation to his sexuality. It has been remarked that the Pope in official garb is in a sense the ultimate drag queen, or less literally that depictions of the Holy Father, known in Italy as 'il Papa', may encapsulate Bacon's traumatic feelings about his own father. The latter was a conventional, inflexible military man to whom the teenage Bacon had felt sexually attracted, as he recalled many years later, but who brutally admonished and rejected him when he discovered his son's homosexual inclinations. Such speculations about the possible 'subconscious' content of the pope pictures involve perhaps a rather crude application of the methods of Freudian psychoanalysis. Once again it is neither altogether possible nor helpful to pin Bacon down.
More on South Korean artist Kim Boem's Yellow Scream from Walker Art (excerpt above):
After discussing his assembled materials–a primed canvas, oil paint mixed with turpentine, a size-3 flat hog-bristle brush–the video's instructor begins: "The technique to this painting is to incorporate the sound of screams into the brush strokes." Dressed in a pressed gray dress shirt and pleated pants, he explains to the camera, "A brush stroke done with screaming is very different from a normal one. … The effect of the screams is recorded with the brush strokes." He then dips his brush in a dab of lemon yellow paint, leans into the canvas, and lets out an anguished wail as he makes his first stroke: "Aaaaaaaaagh!" Characteristic of the Seoul-based artist Kim Beom's humor, the 31-minute video Yellow Scream (2012)–recently acquired by the Walker Art Center and shown for a limited time in its entirety on the Walker Channel–takes its inspiration from instructional television programs. The piece, the artist states, "is like the typical painting lessons of Bob Ross. What I was feeling in the theme of this video is the existential nature of contemporary art (and culture) as well as of artists. There are dynamics of many elements such as absurdity, the bizarre, intelligence, form, seriousness, and creativity." In that vein, the instructor, played by an actor, gives a deadpan course on technique, from priming canvases to color theory, while occasionally advising about the Zen-like quality of painting, from visualizing a balanced composition to controlling breath: "Now relax and try to feel your breathing, because screaming is part of breathing." He then demonstrates his method, treating different types of utterances as if they're artistic media or hues of paint. His brush strokes are variously accompanied by "a long scream that sounds like when you're hurt, as if someone yanked your arm behind you or pulled you by the hair"; "a scream induced by psychological pain"; and "a more pained, wronged, and regretful scream." Nearing the painting's completion, he advises, "Let's mix a bit of permanent green and add some refreshing hope and pleasure to the screams of joy." The final work, he says, achieves a symphonic melding of color and emotion–a "clear, resonating chorus" of yellow.
Clown Torture, by Bruce Nauman
The Art Institute of Chicago discusses Bruce Nauman's terrifying video installation:
Nauman returned to video in 1985 with renewed enthusiasm. Clown Torture, one of the artist's most spectacular achievements to date, marked a major new direction and prefigured his recent, more complex environments involving monitors, projections, and other sculptural elements. Installed in an enclosed, darkened space, Clown Torture consists of two rectangular pedestals, each supporting two pairs of stacked color monitors (one turned upside down, one turned on its side); two large, color-video projections on facing walls; and sound from all six video displays. The monitors play four narrative sequences in perpetual loops, each chronicling an absurd misadventure of a clown, who is played to brilliant effect by the actor Walter Stevens. According to the artist, distinctions may be made among the clown protagonists; one is the "Emmett Kelly dumb clown; one is the old French Baroque clown; one is a sort of traditional polka-dot, red-haired, oversized show clown; and one is a jester." In "No, No, No, No (Walter)," the clown incessantly screams "No!" while jumping, kicking, or lying down; in "Clown with Goldfish," he struggles to balance a fish bowl on the ceiling with the handle of a broom; in "Clown with Water Bucket," he repeatedly opens a door that is booby-trapped with a bucket of water, which falls on his head; and finally, in "Pete and Repeat," he succumbs to the terror of a seemingly inescapable nursery rhyme: "Pete and Repeat are sitting on a fence. Pete falls off. Who's left? Repeat." Of his work, Nauman has said, "From the beginning I was trying to see if I could make art that . . . was just there all at once. Like getting hit in the face with a baseball bat. Or better, like getting hit in the back of the head. You never see it coming; it just knocks you down. . . . The kind of intensity that doesn't give you any trace of whether you're going to like it or not.
"Walk-in Vagina," by Reshma Chhiba
From AFP: "A walk-in vagina has been installed at Johannesburg's old women's jail, to celebrate women's month. Visitors are invited to enter the art work to a soundtrack of screaming and laughter, which represents the Hindu Goddess Kali."
Painful Cake, by Makode Linde
"When artist Makode Linde dressed up as a pastry depicting a caricatured African woman, he was doing more than just embarrassing Sweden's cultural minister," wrote The Atlantic about the artist's provocative performance during World Art Day at Stockholm's Moderna Muséet. They continue:
You are supposed to be shocked by the photos of the cake, baked in the shape of a contorted, female, black body. You are meant to be appalled by the laughing crowd of white Swedes, egging on Swedish Minister of Culture Lena Adelsohn-Liljeroth as she cuts a slice from the cake's crotch. And you are absolutely meant to be horrified by the living human face, painted in Golliwogg blackface style, looking back at the chuckling crowd, and screaming in mock pain as the cake is cut. (The face belongs to male artist Makode Linde, who designed the cake.) The scene is disturbing, awkward, repulsive, even painful, and that's precisely the point. If you see that, then you're in on it.
Hanging in the Woods, by Hilde Krohn Huse
Hanging in the Woods seems like an ordinary video experiment. But the film was born from an accident Huse had. The London-based artist went to the forest in her native village Aukra in Norway to film herself hanging naked from a rope in a tree. She soon realized she was unable to free herself. During the struggle, her binds tightened, and she screamed for help.


text:
Да́льність пла́вання — одна з основних характеристик корабля.

Зміст
Дальність плавання визначається, як максимальна відстань, яку може пройти корабель (судно) без дозаправлення паливом і змащувальними матеріалами, а також поповнення запасів котельної води (для пароплавів і паротурбінних кораблів). Визначається на випробуваннях і обчислюється для різних швидкостей, наприклад, для максимальної швидкості, для економічного ходу тощо. Найбільшій дальності плавання відповідає так звана економічна швидкість корабля. Для сучасних великих морських суден становить 15 — 20 тисяч миль.

Для кораблів (суден) з атомною силовою установкою дальність плавання практично необмежена і визначається терміном між перезаряджання активних зон реакторів, який обчислюється роками та десятками років.

Терміном автономність плавання визначається максимально допустимий час знаходження в морі без поповнення запасів, що не відносяться до руху корабля.

Див. також
 Крейсерська швидкість
 Непотоплюваність
 Водотоннажність
 Автономність корабля

Примітки

Література
 Сулержицкий, А. Д., Сулержицкий, И. Д. Морской словарь. М., Воениздат, 1956.

Посилання
 Дальність плавання
 Дальність плавання
 ДАЛЬНОСТЬ ПЛАВАНИЯ
 Водоизмещение, мощность, автономность и дальность плавания

Морська термінологія
Теорія корабля

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Whether you are a new organist to our area, or a church in need of a musician or substitute, we will try our best to help you with the search. In many situations musicians live in one of our neighboring AGO Chapter coverage areas (New Haven Chapter of the AGO, or the Fairfield West Chapter of the AGO) and play in a different one. We work together to help get your questions answered and your job exposed to each of these neighboring chapters.
AGO members can search the National AGO Website job positions at no charge. To post jobs nationally (churches and other institutions) refer to the National AGO website.


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17 February – 1 April 2017
Opening Friday 17 February, 7pm.
Rhona Byrne, Mitch Conlon, Harrell Fletcher, IM Heung-soon, J Ross & Sons
Curated by Alissa Kleist
You and I is a group exhibition curated by Alissa Kleist that includes new and existing video, sculptural, installation, and event-based works by Rhona Byrne, Mitch Conlon, Harrell Fletcher, IM Heung-soon, and J Ross & Sons. The exhibition examines the social, political and formal functions of art at a time when individualisation, capitalism, neoliberalism, and privatisation –which benefit few, whilst disadvantaging and alienating many others – hegemonise our society. You and I features artworks that emphasise the role the artist in making visible and questioning these systems, and propose counterstrategies to address their effects.
In the film Factory Complex, South Korean artist IM Heung-soon gives voice to the often-invisible marginalized female labourers whose lives have been affected by the demands of a growing global economy. Through the stories of women working in the South Korean textile industry in the 1960's and those of contemporary precarious workers, he examines the historic evolution and impact of a deregulated labour market and drastic economic development.
J Ross & Sons' sculptural installations explore the 'useful object' and suggest alternative uses for, and interactions with, architecture and place. The work commissioned for You and I proposes another way to navigate the urban topography of Portadown, questioning how art objects can highlight the visible and invisible tensions present within – and potentially interrupt the official management of – public space.
Dublin based artist Rhona Byrne's social sculptures encourage their users to engage in collective activity. Huddlewear, a series of wearable artworks/social garments, allow visitors to inhabit new communal spaces where shared experiences can take place. On 25 March, Byrne will lead a collaborative Speed Moaning workshop at MCAC where participants can explore the productive potential of anxiety/negativity.
Together with Jay, the owner of a garage in central Portland, and his employees and customers, US based artist Harrell Fletcher created Blot Out The Sun; a conceptual re-working of James Joyce's novel Ulysses. The work includes lines from the novel that contemplate the human condition, social inequality, and the relationship between individuals and the universe.
Places where men go to die, a new collective performance choreographed by Mitch Conlon, explores the spaces and temporalities where individual and collective narratives can co-exist and from which new communities emerge. His research includes how cities and people are rebuilt after a crisis; the theatrics of public gatherings such as carnivals and football matches; and the applications of humour, absurdity and subversion. Places where men come to die will launch at the opening of You and I on Friday 17 February at 8pm.
On Saturday 25 March, You and I curator Alissa Kleist will give a guided gallery tour (12noon –1pm) of the exhibition, followed by a Speed Moaning workshop (2pm – 4pm) presented by artist Rhona Byrne.
Events are free and all are welcome to attend. Please contact johnny@millenniumcourt.org to book a place.
Factory Complex, film still, 2015


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Avtodor Saratov 103
February 03, 2016 CET: 18:30
Local time: 19:30 PAIS ARENA JERUSALEM
Peterson, Stoll lead Avtodor to rout in Jerusalem
Travis Peterson and Paul Stoll came up superb performances as Avtodor Saratov won another exciting Group H shoot-out with Hapoel Bank Yahav Jerusalem 94-103 in the Israeli capital on Wednesday. Peterson nailed 7 three-pointers in scoring 29 points, while Stoll dished out 13 assists to go with his 19 points, 4 three-pointers and 8 fouls drawn. Artem Klimenko added 17 points and 8 rebounds and Deny Lukashov had 10 points for Avtodor, which totaled 208 points in two games against Jerusalem following a 105-96 win in their previous matchup. Avtodor, which had already been eliminated from Eurocup Eighthfinals contention coming into the game, nearly blew a 21-point third quarter lead before improving to 2-3 in the group. Jerusalem, which got to within 3 points in the fourth quarter, remained winless in the group at 0-5 despite 18 points, 5 rebounds and 4 steals from Rafi Menco. Lior Eliyahu added 17 points in the loss while Josh Duncan had 15 points, EJ Rowland scored 14 points and Matt Janning added 10 points.
Evgeny Kolesnikov opened the scoring for the visitors with Janning matching it for the hosts. Two ties later, Klimenko's score had Avtodor up 10-12. Rowland's basket handed Jerusalem its first lead at 14-12. Peterson sandwiched three-pointers around a triple from Kolesnikov as Avtodor went up 16-21. Peterson nailed his fourth three of the quarter and Klimenko finished off a 1-13 run to increase the guests' lead to 19-34. Bar Timor snapped the run and the gap was 25-38 after 10 minutes. Alan Makiev's put-back made it a 15-point lead again to start the second quarter. But Rowland and Menco both hit 4 points in a 10-0 Jerusalem surge to cut the gap to 35-40. After Peterson ended Avtodor's scoreless drought, Duncan and Tony Gaffney scored to trim the margin to 39-43. Lukashov countered with a three-pointer and Peterson drained another long ball to push the cushion to double-digits 39-49. Two Stolls triples and a Jeremy Chappell three increased the margin to 43-60, which Jerusalem was able to chip down to 48-60 at intermission.
Peterson started the second half with another triple, while Janning knocked down a three and Yotam Halperin converted a three-point play to try to keep the hosts close at 56-67. But Chappell and Stoll were on target again from outside as the Avtodor cushion grew to 20 points. It was 59-80 on Kolesnikov's basket with four minutes left in the third quarter. Menco countered with 5 points in a 9-0 run, but Avtodor still led 68-82 after 30 minutes. It was 68-85 after Reggie Williams's three to start the fourth quarter before back-to-back triples from Menco and Duncan to cut the gap to 74-85. Still, Avtodor was up 74-90 with less than eight minutes to play. But the hosts did not give up as Duncan scored 8 points and Eliyahu had 6 points in a 14-1 run to make it an 88-91 game with 3:39 left. Menco even had a chance to tie the game, but missed his three-pointer and Lukashov hit from downtown for an 88-94 lead. Eliayhu answered at the other end, but Stoll made 7 straight free throws to push the lead back to 11 points, 90-101 with a minute left to secure the win.
Referees: JASEVICIUS, TOMAS; PERUGA, CARLOS; JURAS, JASMINA
Hapoel Bank Yahav Jerusalem 25 23 20 26
Avtodor Saratov 38 22 22 21
Avtodor Saratov 38 60 82 103
Hapoel Bank Yahav Jerusalem
1 DUNCAN, JOSH 23:57 15 2/6 2/4 5/6 2 5 7 2 2 1 2 5 17
3 GAFFNEY, TONY 17:01 2 1/1 0/1 4 4 3 1 3 2 8
4 ROWLAND, EARL 27:32 14 3/5 2/3 2/2 1 1 4 3 1 1 13
6 ZUCKERMAN, YOCHAI DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8 ELIYAHU, LIOR 21:56 17 8/11 0/1 1/3 1 4 5 4 1 1 4 4 20
10 HALPERIN, YOTAM 14:08 6 1/2 1/3 1/1 2 2 4 2 1 8
11 TIMOR, BAR 24:19 6 0/2 2/3 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 7
12 MENCO, RAFI 24:50 18 6/9 2/3 1 4 5 1 4 4 1 21
15 SMITH, DONTA 21:58 2 1/3 2 5 7 6 1 2 5 2 9
23 JANNING, MATT 14:37 10 2/2 2/6 1 2 1 6
24 MAYOR, IGOR DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
40 FISCHER, DOR 9:42 4 1/4 2/2 1 1 1 1 2 6
Totals 200:00 94 25/45 11/24 11/14 7 29 36 29 7 12 4 1 21 17 117
Head coach: FRANCO, DANNY
4 STOLL, PAUL 33:56 19 0/2 4/8 7/7 4 4 13 1 4 1 2 8 32
7 LUKASHOV, DENYS 22:43 10 1/4 2/5 2/2 2 2 1 3 2 6
12 KLIMENKO, ARTEM 24:32 17 8/11 1/3 3 5 8 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 22
21 CHAPPELL, JEREMY 16:47 8 1/4 2/2 3 3 3 1 2 1 9
24 KOLESNIKOV, EVGENY 21:35 9 2/3 1/5 2/2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 9
32 BROOKS, JEFF DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
35 ZABELIN, ARTEM DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
42 PETERSON, TRAVIS 32:38 29 3/4 7/10 2/3 6 6 1 1 1 2 4 33
55 WILLIAMS, REGGIE 28:37 5 1/3 1/6 0/2 2 2 4 2 1 1 4
77 MAKIEV, ALAN 19:12 6 3/6 3 5 8 1 1 2 4 5
Head coach: ANTSIFEROV, VLADIMIR
FRANCO, DANNY
"In the first half our energies were off and we woke up late in the game, but it was enough. I'm disappointed it ended like that because our defense at the end was good."
February 3 20:00 CET LIVE FINAL
Herbalife Gran Canaria Las Palmas 79


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Home » Blogs » Pakistani Actor Fawad Khan Replaces Virat Kohli in an Indian Advertisement
Pakistani Actor Fawad Khan Replaces Virat Kohli in an Indian Advertisement
A very prestigious, renowned and famous actor from the not-so-big-yet industry of Lollywood, Fawad Afzal Khan, who is very well known by all the Pakistanis who are fond of TV and Movies because of not just one but so many reasons is finally ready to leave big marks and have some great and a bit bigger impacts on the bigger screens and the so vast and huge industry of Bollywood.
Fawad Afzal Khan, a Pakistani, not just actor but a singer and a very high demanding model too basically from one of the hearts of Pakistan, Lahore who has already been very famous because of his very bold, very robust, confident, charming and well defined looks has been gaining a serious attention in the Bollywood industry and not just for the purpose of movies but for a lot more. He is right now ready appear in an advertisement.
Fawad Afzal Khan is doing an Indian advertisement with Ileana D'Cruz replacing Virat Kohli, world famous cricketer. Recently Virat Kohli appeared in an Indian ad tapping his feet on the song of "Baar Baar Dekho", most of you may have seen that one. Virat's cast opposite was Ileana D'Cruz in which both of them performed their roles for the ad. But now Fawad is ready to replace Virat and by ready we mean he has almost done the thingy. The ad is just in process to get out on the screen. Fawad's replacing of Virat and doing this ad with Ileana D'Cruz is really a big and good thing in this advertisement of a shampoo brand.
The reason for replacing Virat Kohli and bringing Fawad Khan in is perceptible by the senses or through immediate experience as we all can see that he has and is still catching a lot of attention in the industry of some really big guns. His awesome and charming persona made him more demanding. The film is on promotion nowadays and will keep on getting promoted until and unless it it gets released on 19th of September, the movie that Fawad Khan is making his Bollywood debut in, 'Khoobsurat'. Watching the ad with the same personality will be a good perspective with respect to the marketing strategy of that same product. Hence it is proved that it is really a good and smart move. It's a Win Win situation for almost all the parties.
This same advertisement has already had a lot of buzz in the past as for the first, there was the couple of Anushka and Virat and then later on, Anushka was replaced by Ileana and now Virat is replaced by Fawad Afzal Khan and according to this kinda-funny method or sequence the next one seems to be out is Ileana and then must be the turn of Fawad himself.
Fawad is famous and more liked by the women of not just Pakistan but women from India are also included in his fan list. Fawad has shared a lot of good words and good thoughts about the Indian Film Industry as he has said that: "India has mastered art of film-making". And another Pakistani model and actor, Aamina Sheikh has also endorsed Fawad and spoke some really meaningful thoughts like: "Fawad Khan's debut in the Bollywood Film Industry will help Pakistani actors in Bollywood."
"She is a great person and I enjoyed working with her. The environment on the sets was very homely and I didn't face any problem at any stage," Fawad said on the sets of "Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega". He also further added that "I didn't face any problem in communicating with the people on the sets and a lot of credit goes to her (Sonam) for that."
Fawad Khan's advertisement is going to be kinda of a treat for his fans. And the in the advertisement, seeing him dancing and having that kind of fun on air will really make his fans cheer up.
.author-box{
Hassan is a writer who enjoys to write about technology, entertainment and everything in between.


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Hardy annuals can be sown in pots or modules to provide colour in the garden. Annual grasses can be fun to try too: Briza maxima (right), Lagurus ovatus and Hordeum jubatum are suitable examples. In mild areas with light soil, you can sow directly outside by marking out irregularly shaped seedbeds and broadcasting 'drifts' of different seed to give a more natural look.
Modular trays are useful for sowing half-hardy summer bedding plants such as marigolds (Tagetes), Lobelia, and Petunia. Label each seed tray. You will need to sow them under cover, or in a heated propagator, at the correct temperature, only putting them outside when the weather is reliably warm day and night.
Sweet peas can be sown outside this month. Plant out autumn-sown sweet peas that have been raised in pots, and prepare your wigwam supports for them to climb, using a light twine to tie the plants in.
If you started sowing early in March, or even February, you may have modules of young hardy annuals now ready for planting out.
Towards the end of the month, in mild areas, you may be able to plant up hanging baskets for the summer. When planting hanging baskets use slow-release fertiliser and water-retaining gel.
When space becomes available in the greenhouse, pot up cuttings of tender perennials taken last summer and at the beginning of this year. You can bulk up plant numbers by taking more cuttings from the largest of the new plants.
Plant summer-flowering bulbs, if not done already. Prepare the soil first, to ensure that drainage is sufficient to prevent the bulbs rotting. Anemone coronaria tubers, for instance, need particularly well-drained soils.
You can still plant herbaceous perennials such as Geranium, Astrantia and oriental poppies. Check that the plants you buy have strong, green shoots and plant them into well-prepared soil.
Plan a continuous crop of cut flowers for this summer. Perennials such as delphiniums and annuals can be grown to produce a useful and beautiful display.
Prune penstemons and other slightly tender plants such as Teucrium and lavender. Make the cuts just above fresh, new shoots.
When pruning perennials some plants benefit from having their flowering shoots thinned out. Although this results in fewer blooms, they are larger and of better quality. Delphiniums, lupins and phlox all benefit from this process.
Divide herbaceous perennials when they are too large for their allotted space, are flowering poorly or have lost their shape. Bamboos and clumps of bulbs or rhizomes can be divided in the same way. When transplanting the divisions make sure they have roots, shoots, and are given adequate water to settle into their new positions.
Perennials that are showing new shoots from the crown can be propagated via basal stem cuttings. Shoots 8-10cm (3-4in) high are cut from the parent plant with a sharp knife. Sometimes a piece of root can be taken with the cutting (which speeds establishment), but stems can be cut without root, and then dipped in hormone rooting powder before striking into growing medium, as for softwood cuttings.
Put supports in place for perennials before they get too large. Criss-crossing strings from hidden or decorative posts work well, allowing stems to grow up in the gaps between strings.
Apply a general-purpose fertiliser to borders and beds. Take care not to damage emerging shoots, or to burn them with fertiliser.
Bulbs coming up in the rock garden or in containers may benefit from overhead protection from the rain - a sheet of glass or perspex placed on bricks will do the job.
Remove faded daffodil and tulip flowers, nipping off the heads and seed pod at the same time.
Deadhead pansies, primulas and other spring bedding plants. Pansies will carry on into the spring and even to early summer, if attended to frequently.
It is now time to remove tired winter bedding and plants that did not survive the winter.
Check that self-seeded forget-me-nots aren't smothering other border plants. Pull out plants if necessary.
Herbaceous perennials infested with couch grass and other perennial weeds should be lifted so the roots of the weeds can be removed.
Any mulches may need replacing after weed removal.
You could plant up an alpine trough to display some of your alpine plants as many can look their best at this time of year.
Check whether containers need watering. Even at this time of year, they can dry out.
Pots and tubs benefit from topping up with fresh compost. Old compost can be removed and replaced with new to a depth of 5cm (2in) if there is not much room for topping up.
Pot on plants showing signs of being pot-bound. You can tip out the root balls of unhappy looking containers, to see if they are pot-bound or if they are suffering from some other problem.
Aphids (left) can multiply rapidly during mild spells. Remove early infestations by hand to prevent the problem getting out of hand. Protect sweet pea plants in particular, as they can get sweet pea viruses.
Continue to protect lilies, delphiniums, hostas and other new shoots from slugsand snails.
Damage to plant roots by vine weevil larvae shows by the plants starting to wilt. On inspection the roots will have been badly eaten, and you may see the white C shaped larvae among them. Apply chemical or biological control if larvae are present, but young and containerised plants are unlikely to recover once badly damaged.
Watch out for downy mildew and leaf spot on winter pansies.
Remove dead leaves from around the basal rosettes of alpine plants to prevent rotting.
Feed large aquatic plants (if their growth or flowering last year indicated they need it) by inserting special aquatic slow-release fertiliser tablets well below soil level around the base of the plant. Waterlilies are also big feeders. Feed any plants not being divided.
Continue dividing or cutting back marginal and bog garden plants if overcrowded.
Divide and replant waterlilies once they show signs of growth.
Contain vigorous pond perennials by planting them in aquatic plant baskets and topping with a layer of gravel to prevent fish stirring up the compost.
Small plants in baskets can be raised up on bricks when first introduced then slowly lowered to the bottom of the pond as the plants increase in size.
Tidy up plants in the bog garden, and mulch with composted bark (or similar - avoiding manure if there is a chance that water may run off into a pond).
Don't worry if the water in your pond suddenly turns from clear to greenish, it's natural for a certain amount of algae to grow in the spring as life begins to stir after the winter. If the problem persists for more than a few weeks, consider adding more oxygenating plants to help clear the water.
Check and repair pergolas, arbours and arches if needed.
Use a stiff-bristled brush or pressure washer to remove algae from paths. Pressure washers can be rented if necessary. Remove dirt and algae from walls, paving and patios too - it's easier at this time of year before too much has grown.
In dry spells, you can treat timber structures with wood preservative and stain. Only do this in a well-ventilated space, to reduce the risks to your lungs and eyes. Make sure you use appropriate products. Creosote, for example, is no longer legal.
Go through your shed and remove old or out of date garden chemicals. If in doubt of how to dispose of them, your local authority tip should be able to help.
Get ready for some summer relaxation by installing decking or other seating areas in the garden.


text:
Oxford, MS – Injuries Reported in Car Crash on Lamar Blvd
Oxford, MS (March 1, 2022) – Injuries stemmed from a car crash that took place on a roadway in Oxford on Monday morning, February 28.
Oxford Police confirmed that the accident happened around 9:50 a.m. on South Lamar Boulevard. Several vehicles were traveling in the area when one or more lost control, causing them to forcefully collide with one another. The vehicles involved in the accident were badly damaged as a result.
Paramedics, fire crews, and numerous other responders were called to the scene to help those in need. One or more victims were hurt as a result of the accident. The injured parties were taken to local hospitals for treatment of their injuries.
The roadway was blocked in several lanes of traffic for some time. Police quickly worked to clear the scene.
No further details have been released. The investigation into the accident continues at this time.
Car accidents happen in the blink of an eye throughout the state of Mississippi. In fact, every year, tens of thousands of people are hurt as a result of these accidents. The impact of a car accident can range from minor to severe in nature. This means that your life could be physically and financially altered in the blink of an eye in ways that you were not prepared for. Car accidents happen due to many different reasons on our major roads, including the following:
Intoxicated driving
Fatigued driving
It is up to you as an injured victim to prove that another party is responsible for your accident. Luckily, you do not have to do this alone. It is crucial that you speak with an experienced legal advocate immediately following a car accident.
Facing a car accident can be a difficult thing to experience, which is why you should seek the help of a knowledgeable and compassionate Oxford car accident lawyer. An attorney will be able to help you when it comes to every aspect of the legal system, which may feel incredibly unfamiliar to you. You will have to meet deadlines in your claim, as well as gather evidence at the scene and after that can help you when you bring your claim. The help of an Oxford personal injury lawyer can be beneficial during these complex times.
At MW Law Firm – Mama Justice, we have aggressively fought to protect the rights of those injured in Mississippi car accidents over the years. Our attorneys have years of experience settling and litigating accident cases on behalf of injured victims. From the moments following your collision, we will start working to protect your rights so that you never have to feel alone after your accident. You may find that you are eligible for a wide array of financial damages such as medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, therapy costs, and more. Please do not hesitate to contact a car accident attorney in Oxford at (888) 484-1476 for more information on how we can help you at this time.
Disclaimer: We, at MW Law Firm – Mama Justice, have worked hard to become valued members of the Northern Mississippi business community. We write these posts to bring awareness to the dangers of driving in hopes that our fellow community members will use an abundance of caution when operating a motor vehicle. The information in this post is not intended to be medical or legal advice. The photographs pictures used in this post are not taken at the actual accident scene.
Hernando, MS – Injury Accident Reported at US-51 & MS-304
Oxford, MS – Crash with Injuries blocks College Hill Rd near The University Arbors
Oxford, MS – Multi-Vehicle Accident with Injuries in EB Lanes of MS-30
Oxford, MS – Injuries Reported in Car Crash on Jackson Ave


Why does the NDIA use the Pedi-CAT?
Who will complete the Pedi-CAT with my child?
When is the Pedi-CAT used?
Can other functional assessments or reports be used instead of the Pedi-CAT?
Does the Pedi-CAT determine what supports the NDIS will fund?
On this page: 1 - What is the Pedi-CAT? 2 - Why does the NDIA use the Pedi-CAT? 3 - Who will complete the Pedi-CAT with my child? 4 - When is the Pedi-CAT used? 5 - Can other functional assessments or reports be used instead of the Pedi-CAT? 6 - Does the Pedi-CAT determine what supports the NDIS will fund?
The Pedi-CAT is a functional capacity assessment for children.
The Pedi-CAT is used to contribute to information gathered by the NDIA to understand how a child's developmental delay impacts on their ability to participate in daily life activities compared to other children of a similar age.
The Pedi-CAT is not the only source of information used to understand the needs of a child. An Early Childhood Partner will consider all information provided by the family, professionals and in some cases may apply other functional assessments.
The Early Childhood Partner will apply their early childhood expertise and knowledge of developmental delay and disability to assess the child's function across all areas of development and work in partnership with the family to determine the appropriate supports required. Information will be gathered from the family using the Pedi-CAT functional assessment along with other information regarding the child's strengths and areas of need.
All children 0-6 years of age will have a Pedi-CAT functional assessment, often facilitated by an Early Childhood Partner. The Pedi-CAT may be repeated in the future as the Early Childhood Partner works with the family to monitor achievements and outcomes.
Yes. The Early Childhood Partners have a mix of paediatric allied health and early childhood professionals who work with families and carers to understand the child's needs. For children 0-6 years of age, the Pedi-CAT contributes to a range of information collected by the Early Childhood Partner on the impact of disability on the child's participation in everyday activities. The Early Childhood Partners may apply other routine based assessments if required.
No one single functional assessment is the sole determinant of the reasonable and necessary supports that may be funded. For children 0-6 years of age, the Pedi-CAT contributes to a range of information collected by the Early Childhood Partner on the impact of disability on the child's participation in everyday activities.


Discussion in 'Archived Threads 2001-2004' started by MikeM, May 12, 2002.
I finally got a working laserdisc player, and wanted to add some more titles to my collection.
I'm primarily interested in titles not on DVD, foreign films, Criterion, or LD titles with AC-3, DTS, etc.
If you have any titles to sell in a set, please let me know. I have a perfect rating on eBay (inaka) of over 150+ positives, no negs.
I'm also willing to trade for DVDs if you're interested, please let me know via email ([email protected]), thanks!
Anything specific you're looking for? I probably have more for sale than anyone. I have a mess of Criterion's, box sets and other LD's for sale. Too late to make a list tonight but I'll see what I can come up with in the next couple days. Email home or work M-F 7am-3pm.
I live in SF, do you make it to the city ever?
Grant, thanks for the info. Please email me your complete list when you get a chance. I can head into the city for pickup as well. Thanks.
I have the Star Wars "Faces" THX set ($60) and the Special Edition (DD 5.1 audio)set ($150) if your still looking! I also have the Japanese import of The Phantom Menace LD for $45. They are all in perfect/Mint condition! The THX and Phantom Menace come with high quality sleeve protectors. Pics upon request.
SvenS, thanks for the offer, but I have all of the LDs you mentioned in your list. However, thanks again!


Fellowship with Selene Parekh at Duke University, North Carolina, U.S.A.
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BOTS Message Board :: View topic - Is there going to be any event soon?
Is there going to be any event soon?
E.g. Halloween event Jack Head and Special wing drop from the box, LV.100 Armors drops again, trade any +3 armors to GM and exchange to 1 year coin item something like that.


text:
Q: How to analyse three independent variables and two dependent variables? I have measured the following variables on 200 individuals.

*

*Independent variables:

*

*Measures of personality

*

*Extraversion

*Conscientiousness

*Leader Member Exchange (LMX) quality

*Dependent variable

*

*Measures of sales performance

*

*Sales achieved

*Repeat sales

Should I use Multiple regression?
I seem to have 3 IVs and 2 DVs, which is causing confusion.

A: Of course, it all depends on your research question, but here are a few ideas.
Basic set of analyses:

*

*Produce a correlation matrix using all five variables.

*Run two regressions with your three predictors in both, and one of your performance measures as dependent variables in each of the regressions.

*If it made sense (and it might not) you could create a performance index that was a composite of your two dependent variables and use that as a dependent variable in your regression.

Selection of more sophisticated options:

*

*You could run a canonical correlation analysis (see here for my tips on getting started) with your predictors on side and your outcome measures on the other side.

*You could do a few things with structural equation modelling. If your measures are based on scales, you could estimate the relationships between latent variables. You could also constrain weights to explore various more focused hypotheses.

A: I'm going to take a different approach to Jeromy's answer. The first, and most important, thing to do here is plot the data.
Look at scatterplots of all your independent variables against your dependent variables. If you use R, the pairs.panels() function in the psych package will give you a lot of useful information.
Once you've looked at scatterplots, you'll have a better idea of how your variables relate. I've lost track of the amount of times that model results which seemed confusing made a lot more sense when I plotted my results.
I highly recommend ggplot2 (again if you are using R), you can use the qplot() function, which allows you to add 3 or more variables to a scatterplot by altering colour, shape and size of points based on the levels of another variable.
Then, and only then, should you model your data (using something like regression). Then plot new variables based on the results of your model. This interplay between plotting and modelling is key to how I (and I suspect others) create good models.
In terms of your two dependent variables, I would first plot them against one another to examine if they are highly correlated. If they are, then you can probably create one model with whichever you prefer (but you should replicate this model with the other to be sure). If they are not, then create two seperate models for each of your dependents, and graph them to look for outliers or violations of the model assumptions. While you could use canonical correlations or MANOVA's I would probably build separate models first and then perhaps combine them into one multivariate model, all going well.
If you're not using R, I highly recommend that you start, if only for the wonderful ghraphics possible. Jeromy's blog has some really good resources to get you started if you're from a social sciences background (indeed that's how I got started).
Best of luck, and welcome to the site.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The bottom line is that the VPN is not always-on despite "best practice" or "locked down" policies. And your firewall, proxy, and AV is not enough to protect your mobile workforce. Learn how the DNS layer can be used for off-network security.


text:
Q: what is better in terms of allocated space in Oracle Tables: NUMBER or BINARY_FLOAT? I have a 10 billion records table so I need to improve space allocation. My table has only fields of type floating point (single-precision). What is the best choice, NUMBER or BINARY_FLOAT or something else ?

A: It depends on your data (and this assumes that you don't care about the different behaviors of the two data types).  You can put together a test with sample data that is similar to what you're actually storing to find out what approach will use less space.
I'll create a table num_test with two different columns, one declared as a number and one as a binary_float.
create table num_test (
  num_col number,
  flt_col binary_float
);

If I populate it with 100,000 rows of data in increments of 0.001
begin
  for i in 1 .. 100000
  loop
    insert into num_test( num_col, flt_col )
      values( i/1000, i/1000 );
  end loop;
end;

then I can see the minimum, maximum, and average size required to store the values
select min( vsize(num_col) ), max( vsize(num_col) ), avg( vsize(num_col) ),
       min( vsize(flt_col) ), max( vsize(flt_col) ), avg( vsize(flt_col) )
  from num_test;

If you run that, you'll see that the number column is averaging 3.89 bytes/ row (with a min of 2 and a max of 4) while every binary_float required 4 bytes of storage.  So there is a small savings to using number in this case.
But is that the whole story?  Nope.  If we use different sample data, we get very different results.  Let's run the same test but divide everything by 3
begin
  for i in 1 .. 100000
  loop
    insert into num_test( num_col, flt_col )
      values( i/1000/3, i/1000/3 );
  end loop;
end;

Now, if you run the same vsize query, you'll see that the number column takes up to 21 bytes of storage and averages 7.69 bytes for the 200,000 rows.  The flt_col is still using a fixed 4 bytes for every row.
Depending on your data, you may find that one or the other approach uses more space.  Of course, where there are substantial differences in space utilization, there is the potential for more substantial rounding issues when you move to floating point numbers.
Note as well that the results may be version-dependent.  I did my test on an 11.2 database where the documentation indicates that binary_float always takes 4 bytes of storage.  In 10.2, the documentation indicates that binary_float took 5 bytes due to the inclusion of an extra length indicator.  It's not obvious to me why a 32-bit value would ever need a length byte so I'm hard-pressed to understand why an earlier version of Oracle might have required the fifth byte, but the documentation is consistent that it did.

A: You can need space used on INDEX too, so to calculate space used on TABLE and INDEX we can execute this statement below:
SELECT T, table_name, sum(bytes)  as sum_bytes FROM
(
    SELECT 'TABLE' as T, segment_name table_name, owner, bytes
    FROM dba_segments WHERE segment_type = 'TABLE'
)
WHERE owner in UPPER('&owner')
GROUP BY T, table_name, owner
HAVING SUM(bytes) > 100000
UNION ALL
  SELECT T, table_name, sum(bytes)  as sum_bytes FROM
(
  SELECT 'INDEX' as T, i.table_name, i.owner, s.bytes
  FROM dba_indexes i, dba_segments s
  WHERE s.segment_name = i.index_name AND s.owner = i.owner AND s.segment_type = 'INDEX'
)
WHERE owner in UPPER('&owner')
GROUP BY T, table_name, owner
HAVING SUM(bytes) > 100000;


text:
Broadway Review: 'Falsettos'
William Finn and James Lapine were ahead of the curve when they wrote a trilogy of plays about a married man, his family, and his gay lover in the age of AIDS. "In Trousers" debuted in 1979, followed by "March of the Falsettos" (1981) and "Falsettoland" (1990). The latter two went on to play Broadway in 1992 under the umbrella title of "Falsettos" — and this surprisingly fresh revival has been directed by original director Lapine, who plainly understands the bittersweet humor and provisional joy of that period. March on.
The warm performances of a terrific cast soften the underlying sadness of Finn's breakthrough musical about a nebbish named Marvin (an endearing performance from Christian Borle) who leaves his loving wife, Trina (Stephanie J. Block, dynamite), and young son (Anthony Rosenthal, blessedly unaffected) for a male lover with the improbable name of Whizzer (Andrew Rannells, irresistible to all sexes).