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A globally occurring indel polymorphism in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene is not associated with severity of malaria but with the positivity rate of HCV
Cristina Tena-Tomás1,
Iara de Messias-Reason1,2,
Le H Song1,3,
Jürgen Tomiuk4,
Peter G Kemsner1,5 &
Jürgen FJ Kun1
Type I Interferons (IFNs) are well known cytokines which exert antiviral activity, antitumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and deletions in the gene coding for IFNA2 have been shown to influence the level of expression in vitro. The indel polymorphism -305_-300delAACTTT showed the strongest effect in vitro. To analyse the worldwide distribution of this polymorphism we analyzed five different populations (586 Vietnamese, 199 Central Africans, 265 Brazilians, 108 Kaingang and 98 Guarani). To investigate a possible association with susceptibility to infectious diseases we determined the polymorphism in malaria patients suffering either mild or severe malaria and in a cohort of hepatitis C virus infected individuals.
We could detect the indel polymorphism in all populations analysed. There was no association with this polymorphism and the outcome of malaria but we found an increase of this indel polymorphism in hepatitis C virus positive individuals compared to healthy controls (p = 0.014).
Polymorphisms in genes involved in the interferon pathway have been implicated in the resistance or susceptibility against cerebral malaria and HBV. Here we show that an indel polymorphism, which mediates a disadvantageous effect in HBV patients, may also play a disadvantageous role in HCV infections stressing the importance of a fully functional interferon pathway.
Interferons (IFNs) constitute a family of secreted cytokines, which are expressed as an early response to various stimuli [1] in the first line of defense against viral infection [2]. The IFN family was originally recognized for its capacity to protect naïve cells against viral infection and IFN-α is known to play an important role in regulating and linking both the innate and the adaptive arms of immunity [3]. IFNs exhibit a broad diversity of biological functions, as represented by three major biological activities: antiviral activity, antitumor activity and immunomodulatory effects [4, 5]. The type I IFN family in humans comprise, in essence, 14 genes [6] coding for 13 interferons, and one IFN-beta and one IFN-omega [7]. They all lack introns and are clustered on the short arm of the chromosome 9 [8]. The IFN genes express different proteins that exhibit remarkably different activity profiles [9] and especially IFN-α2 has an important impact on the clinical field for the treatment of viral infections and different forms of cancer [6].
Recently it was shown that the genes IFNAR2 and IL10RB involved in binding interferons or interleukin 10-related cytokines, respectively were linked to persistence of hepatitis B virus in The Gambia [10]. This finding gave us a rational to look at other genes involved in the interferon pathway.
It has been shown that there is individual variation in the production of IFN-α [11] which could be due to mutations in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene. Song et al. (2006) showed that naturally occurring alterations in the promoter of this gene, especially the deletion -305_-300delAACTTT, reduced the transcription of this gene in vitro. This reduction could explain the individual differences in the interferon levels being one of the possible causes of susceptibility of hepatitis B [12].
In this paper we examined the level of genetic differentiation of the promoter of the IFNA2 gene by DNA sequencing and compared allele frequencies and genotype distributions in populations from Central Africa (Gabon), Brazil and Vietnam. One of these populations consisted of patients having malaria of different severity (Central Africans) [13]; the other was affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) (Brazilians of Caucasian descent) [14]. With these patient cohorts we sought to test the hypothesis whether the indel polymorphism in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene is associated with disease outcome of other infectious diseases. Healthy Amerindians were included to investigate the frequency of this mutation and to detect a possible factor leading to an increased risk to contract infectious diseases [15].
1256 individuals were enrolled in this study at different sites: 586 healthy blood donors from the ethnic group of the Kinh at the Than Hung Dao Hospital in Hanoi as an extension of the study described in [12], 199 Central Africans at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambarènè [13] and 265 Brazilians of Caucasian origins at the Hospital de Clinicas in Curitiba [14], 108 Kaingang and 98 Guarani were recruited in their villages. Kaingang and Guarani are the two major Amerindian tribes living in Southern Brazil but despite living side by side for centuries the two groups differ in many aspects of culture and genetics; e. g. HLA type [16].
The Brazilians of European descent were either patients enrolled in a hepatitis C treatment study (n = 101) or healthy controls (n = 164) [14]. No patients had a history of alcohol or drug abuse. Patients were included into the study when HCV antibodies and HCV RNA was detected in serum; the presence of HBV and HIV antibodies was an exclusion criterion. From all patients biopsies were taken and liver histology was assessed blindly by two pathologists and staging of fibrosis.
Central Africans individuals were affected either by mild (n = 100) or severe malaria (n = 99) [13]. Mild malaria was characterised by a parasitaemia < 50,000 parasites/μl, haemoglobin > 80 g/L, glucose > 50 mg/dL, lactate < 3 mmol/L, leukocytes < 12/nL, platelets > 50/nL, no schizontaemia, and no signs of severe malaria such as cerebral malaria or other infections. The severely infected children presented with severe anaemia or hyperparasitaemia as the main complications of clinical disease. Appropriate treatment with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine was given to mild cases. Severe cases were treated with intravenous quinine plus clindamycin.
Amerindians were healthy subjects from a human genetics study [17].
The genetic analysis was approved by the relevant ethic committees of the involved institutions: the Institutional Review Board of the Tran Hung Dao Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty in Tübingen, Germany, the ethics committee of the Hospital de Clínicas in Curitiba, Brazil and the ethics committees of the International Foundation for the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, Gabon.
Blood from all the participants was collected in EDTA tubes and plasma was separated, aliquoted and stored at -20°C for later use. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples from using the QIAamp DNA blood kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), as described in the user manual.
Genomic DNA was used as template for PCR. A single fragment of 480 bp from the IFNA2 promoter was amplified using the following primer sets: IFN-F: 5'-TTTCAAAAAAGTTGCTCTAAG-3', IFN-R: 5'-GTAGATGTTGCAGATGCTGCT-3' (Operon, Germany).
All amplifications were initiated with a denaturing step of 94°C for 5 min, followed by 42 cycles of 94°C for 30 sec, 45°C for 30 sec annealing time and 72°C for 1 minute elongation. The reaction was stopped after a final elongation step of 72°C for 10 min. A PTC-200 Peltier Termal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Munich, Germany) was used to amplify all the samples.
After purification, the respective PCR products were sequenced with the same primers described above using BigDye terminator chemistry on an ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). The sequences were analyzed for polymorphisms in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene after DNA alignment of the sequenced products using the Bioedit alignment program (North Carolina State University, USA). The quality of the sequencing was assessed by visual inspection with reference to the electropherograms.
IFNA2 allele frequencies and genotype distributions for each population as well as Hardy-Weinberg exact test were calculated using the Genepop version 3.4 http://genepop.curtin.edu.au/.
Differences in allele frequencies and genotype distributions between populations were calculated using Fisher's exact test using STATA http://www.stata.com/. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Of the four mutations in the IFNA2 promoter only the deletion -305_-300delAACTTT was analyzed because it was shown to influence significantly the promoter activity in vitro [12]. The frequency of this deletion in Central Africans, Brazilians, Guarani, Kaingang and Vietnamese is presented in Table 1. Overall, 2512 alleles were analyzed, and 2246 out of 2512 (90%) had no deletion while 266 (10%) of the alleles carried the deletion.
Table 1 Number of alleles and frequency of the indel polymorphism in the IFNA2 promoter in five populations.
Allele frequencies at this locus were compared for the five groups showing an irregular distribution in the different populations (P < 0.001). Therefore pairwise comparison of the allele frequencies was performed as shown in Table 2. The frequency of the deletion was significantly higher in Brazilians than in any other population except for the Guarani (P = 0.208). In Central Africans we find a significantly lower frequency of this variant allele compared with the rest of the populations except for Kaingang (P = 0.725).
Table 2 Pairwise comparison of the allele frequency of the indel polymorphism in the IFNA2 promoter.
Genotype distribution
The results of the observed genotype distribution in the five populations are shown in Table 3. Among the 1256 individuals enrolled in the study, 1010 (80.4%) had no deletion, 226 (18%) were heterozygous and 20 (1.6%) carried the deletion on both chromosomes (Table 3). The highest proportion of homozygous individuals carrying the deletion was found in the Brazilian population (5%). In contrast no homozygous individuals were found in the Guarani being the population with the highest number of heterozygous individuals. We performed pairwise comparison of the genotypes frequencies among the five groups (Table 4). Brazilians and Guarani did not significantly differ in genotype distribution whereas Central Africans were significantly different from any of the populations except for the Kaingang.
Table 3 Genotypic distribution of the indel polymorphism in the IFNA2 promoter in five populations.
Table 4 Pairwise comparison of the genotypic distribution of the indel polymorphism in the IFNA2 promoter.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Expected genotype distributions were calculated using GenePop for the position which was polymorphic in the study populations (data not shown). The expected numbers did not significantly differ from the observed numbers in Central Africans, Guarani and Vietnamese, suggesting that these populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In contrast, exact tests indicated that expected and observed genotype distributions did significantly differ in Brazilians and Kaingang, indicating that these two groups are indeed in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (Table 5).
Table 5 Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the five populations.
Association of the deletion Δ-300/-305 with clinical aspects
To determine the association of the deletion -305_-300delAACTTT with different infectious diseases, we compared the frequency of IFNA2 with clinical manifestation of the diseases as well as with treatment outcome. No significant association of the mutation with severity of malaria (mild versus severe) were found in the Central African populations (allelic frequencies of the deletion in mild malaria cases 0.10 (90 individuals without deletion, 9 with the deletion on one chromosome) versus 0.12 in severe cases (89 individuals without deletion, 9 with the deletion on one chromosome, 1 individual with the deletion on both chromosomes, P = 1). There was a statistically significant association with the manifestation of HCV in Brazilians of Caucasian descent. We found among 101 HCV positive individuals 68 (67%) without deletion on any chromosome; 30 (30%) with a deletion on one chromosome and 3 (3%) with a deletion on both chromosomes. In the healthy control group we had in a total of 265 individuals 127 (77%) with no deletion on any chromosome; 27 (17%) with a deletion on one chromosome and 10 (6%) with a deletion on both chromosomes. The difference in the distribution is statistically significant (p = 0.03). When looking at the heterozygous individuals we find an odds ratio of 2 (CI = 1–4; p = 0.014) when we compare patients with healthy controls. The deletion was not found to be significantly associated with the treatment success of IFN-α with or without ribavirin in hepatitis C patients (data not shown).
In this study we analyse a widely distributed chromosomal deletion in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene in five cohorts. It has been shown that the deletion -305_-300delAACTTT is associated with the clinical presentation of hepatitis B and a lower expression level in vitro [12]. Here we investigated a possible influence of this deletion in malaria and hepatitis C. There is evidence that IFN-α can induce NOS2 expression and NO production by human mononuclear cells in vitro and in viv o [18]. Also NO has been reported to have antiviral activity for a variety of viruses [19] and to play an important role in malaria [13, 20]. Vigário et al. have shown that recombinant human IFN-α inhibits cerebral malaria and reduces parasite burden in mice [21].
Additionally, IFN-α, either alone or in combination with ribavirin, is currently the standard treatment of patients with hepatitis C [22]. Therefore we speculated that the individual level of IFN-α depending on the promoter activity of the gene might affect the outcome of malaria or the therapy success in hepatitis C. In the latter event the intrinsic production would have supported the externally given IFN-α. We could not detect an influence of this polymorphism in Central Africans children with malaria. To detect a statistically significant distribution with frequencies in the malaria cohorts of 0.12 and 0.10 much larger cohorts would be needed.
Treatment success of HCV infection was not influenced by the presence of the polymorphism. We could, however, detect a difference in distribution of genotypes in HCV positive and healthy individuals. This finding confirms an earlier observation in hepatitis B patients stressing the importance of IFNA2 expression in these diseases.
The populations studied here diverged a long time ago and have undergone diverse selective pressure, explaining the genetic differences or similarities between groups. This indel polymorphism probably has an ancient origin and has entered the American continent 30.000 years ago [23] with the migration wave from Asia. Vietnamese and the two Amerindian groups, Kaingang and Guarani, therefore do not differ significantly in the genotype distribution. The Kaingang, unlike all other groups, do not show a significantly different genotype distribution to the Central Africans population, furthermore the Kaingang also diverge from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This finding is partly due to the traffic of slaves to South America during the 16th to the 19th century and a subsequent absorption of escaped African slaves by the Kaingang. By comparing blood groups and protein polymorphisms it was shown that Kaingang population had a higher proportion of non-Amerindian alleles than the Guaranis [24]. We found also a violation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Brazilian, which is probably due to admixture in this area caused by the migration of individuals from different parts of Europe [25].
The polymorphism analysed in this work influences the course of hepatitis B and the prevalence of HCV. The treatment success in hepatitis C was not influenced by this indel polymorphism. Obviously, the externally given IFNα concentration is much higher than the intrinsic production of the patients. However, the fact that the indel polymorphism has is more frequently present in hepatitis B and C viruses argues for the importance of the IFNα pathway in both viral infections.
Human malaria was not influenced by the indel polymorphism; IFNα probably plays a role at the beginning of an infection but not at later time points when the parasite has manifested itself.
Doly J, Civas A, Navarro S, Uze G: Type I interferons: expression and signalization. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1998, 54: 1109-1121.
Sen GC: Viruses and interferons. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2001, 55: 255-281.
Dunn GP, Koebel CM, Schreiber RD: Interferons, immunity and cancer immunoediting. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006, 6: 836-848.
Takaoka A, Yanai H: Interferon signalling network in innate defence. Cell Microbiol. 2006, 8: 907-922.
Grandvaux N, tenOever BR, Servant MJ, Hiscott J: The interferon antiviral response: from viral invasion to evasion. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2002, 15: 259-267.
Pestka S: The human interferon alpha species and receptors. Biopolymers. 2000, 55: 254-287.
Bonjardim CA: Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines in both innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses – and viruses counteract IFN action. Microbes Infect. 2005, 7: 569-578.
Samuel CE: Antiviral actions of interferons. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001, 14: 778-809.
Pestka S, Krause CD, Walter MR: Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev. 2004, 202: 8-32.
Frodsham AJ, Zhang L, Dumpis U, Taib NA, Best S, Durham A, Hennig BJ, Hellier S, Knapp S, Wright M, et al: Class II cytokine receptor gene cluster is a major locus for hepatitis B persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103: 9148-9153.
Hiscott J, Cantell K, Weissmann C: Differential expression of human interferon genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984, 12: 3727-3746.
Song LH, Toan NL, Xuan NT, Uhlemann AC, Boldt AB, Duy DN, Binh VQ, Kremsner PG, Kun JF: A promoter polymorphism in the interferon alpha-2 gene is associated with the clinical presentation of hepatitis B. Mutat Res. 2006, 601: 137-143.
Kun JFJ, Mordmüller B, Lell B, Lehman LG, Luckner D, Kremsner PG: Polymorphism in the promoter region of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protection against malaria. Lancet. 1998, 351: 265-266.
Tena-Tomas C, Pedroso ML, Messias-Reason IJ, Kremsner PG, Kun JF: Polymorphisms in the IFNAR1 gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C: outcome of combined IFN-alpha therapy. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2007, 18: 136-141.
Tibayrenc M: Human genetic diversity and the epidemiology of parasitic and other transmissible diseases. Adv Parasitol. 2007, 64: 377-422.
Petzl-Erler ML, Luz R, Sotomaior VS: The HLA polymorphism of two distinctive South-American Indian tribes: the Kaingang and the Guarani. Tissue Antigens. 1993, 41: 227-237.
Weg-Remers S, Brenden M, Schwarz E, Witzel K, Schneider PM, Guerra LK, Rehfeldt IR, Lima MT, Hartmann D, Petzl-Erler ML, et al: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III genetics in two Amerindian tribes from southern Brazil: the Kaingang and the Guarani. Hum Genet. 1997, 100: 548-556.
Sharara AI, Perkins DJ, Misukonis MA, Chan SU, Dominitz JA, Weinberg JB: Interferon (IFN)-α activation of human blood mononuclear cells in vitro and in vivo for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) type 2 mRNA and protein expression: possible relationship of induced NOS2 to the anti-hepatitis C effects of IFN-α in vivo. J Exp Med. 1997, 186: 1495-1502.
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Kun JFJ, Mordmüller BG, Perkins DJ, May J, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Alpers M, Weinberg JB, Kremsner PG: Nitric oxide synthase 2Lambaréné (G-954C), increased nitric oxide production and protection against malaria. J Infect Dis. 2001, 184: 330-336.
Vigario AM, Belnoue E, Gruner AC, Mauduit M, Kayibanda M, Deschemin JC, Marussig M, Snounou G, Mazier D, Gresser I, et al: Recombinant human IFN-alpha inhibits cerebral malaria and reduces parasite burden in mice. J Immunol. 2007, 178: 6416-6425.
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Price AL, Butler J, Patterson N, Capelli C, Pascali VL, Scarnicci F, Ruiz-Linares A, Groop L, Saetta AA, Korkolopoulou P, et al: Discerning the ancestry of European Americans in genetic association studies. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4: e236-
We thank all persons involved in the various studies for their cooperation. We are grateful to Andrea Weierich and Silvelia Grummes for excellent technical assistance in the DNA sequencing.
Department of Parasitology, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
Cristina Tena-Tomás
, Iara de Messias-Reason
, Le H Song
, Peter G Kemsner
& Jürgen FJ Kun
Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
Iara de Messias-Reason
Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No. 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
Le H Song
Department of Medical Genetics, Division of General Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
Jürgen Tomiuk
Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon
Peter G Kemsner
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Correspondence to Jürgen FJ Kun.
CTT carried out the molecular genetic experiments, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. IMR supervised the HCV study. LHS participated in the sequence analysis. JT was involved in population genetics analysis. PGK designed the clinical study on malaria and supervised the performance. JFJK supervised the molecular work, was involved in the statistical analysis and finalized the manuscript.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Tena-Tomás, C., de Messias-Reason, I., Song, L.H. et al. A globally occurring indel polymorphism in the promoter of the IFNA2 gene is not associated with severity of malaria but with the positivity rate of HCV. BMC Genet 9, 80 (2008) doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-80
Severe Malaria
Cerebral Malaria
Indel Polymorphism
IFNA2 Gene


We released a new version of APFill 5.3, an ink and toner coverage calculation tool.
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package org.mifos.application.importexport.xls;

public enum XlsLoansImportTemplateConstants {
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    SOURCE_OF_FOUNDS(10),PURPOSE(11),COLLATERAL_TYPE(12),COLLATERAL_NOTES(13),EXTERNAL_ID(14);
    private final short value;
    private XlsLoansImportTemplateConstants(int value){
        this.value=(short)value;
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    public short getValue(){
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Delhi & NCR News
DDA Housing Scheme 2019: Draw of lots for 18,000 flats to be held on THIS date
The Scheme Is For Sale Of Nearly 18,000 Newly Built Flats In Delhi's Vasant Kunj And Narela Residential Areas, For Which The DDA Has Received About 50,000 Applications.
PTI | Updated on: 20 Jul 2019, 11:48:32 PM
The draw of lots for allotment of flats to applicants under DDA's Housing Scheme 2019 will be held on July 23, officials said on Saturday. The scheme is for sale of nearly 18,000 newly built flats in Delhi's Vasant Kunj and Narela residential areas, for which the DDA has received about 50,000 applications.
"The draw of lots for the scheme will be held on July 23 from 12:30 pm onwards and the process will be streamed live on the web through the DDA website," a senior DDA official said.
Applicants can also visit the DDA headquarters at Vikas Sadan at INA to watch the proceedings at Nagarik Suvidha Kendra, he said. The DDA Housing Scheme 2019 was launched on March 25, offering flats under four categories. The flats available in these categories are - 488 (HIG), 1,555 (MIG), 8,383 (LIG) and 7,496 (EWS).
The deadline for application was extended by a month till June 10, after it received a not-so-encouraging response.
"As many as 17,922 flats are on offer in four categories -- HIG, MIG, LIG and EWS," a senior DDA official had said.
For the economically weaker section category, the application fee was fixed at Rs 25,000, for LIG it was Rs 1 lakh and for MIG and HIG flats Rs 2 lakh.
On June 11, DDA's vice-chairman Tarun Kapoor attributed the poor response from applicants to the bulk of flats being located in Narela are in outer Delhi, among other factors.
Recently, the DDA had approved a proposal to reduce the cost of EWS flats in Narela, part of the online Housing Scheme 2019, "by up to 40 per cent of the construction cost". The modified rates would apply to allottees of the current scheme.
In case of leftover flats, it would be re-advertised soon at reduced rates. This will make these flats available at concessional rates to the economically weaker section, it had said.
For all the Latest Cities News, Delhi & NCR News News, Download News Nation Android and iOS Mobile Apps.
DDA Housing Scheme 2019: Cost of flats reduced up to 40 per cent, check your eligibility here
DDA Housing Scheme 2019: Draw likely to be held this week for 40,000 applicants, flats allotment from July
DDA to launch special online housing scheme 2019 for SC/ST category
DDA Housing Scheme 2019 DDA Flats July 23 Vasant Kunj Narela Delhi
Sand Art by Sudarshan Patnaik on Corona Vaccination drive
3000 centers have been set up across the country for vaccination

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The Law Offices of Charles B. Pederson is a well-established California law firm dedicated to providing effective, workable and long-lasting solutions for individuals throughout San Diego and Riverside. Attorney Pederson has over 35 years of experience handling a variety of estate planning and trust related casesand is equipped to tackle even the most complex cases. He is also AV® Preeminent™ Peer Review Rated by Martindale-Hubbell®, the highest recognition possible in the legal industry, for his professionalism and ethics.
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text:
Q: Generate 2^N-1 number of matrices from a MXN matrix I need to generate all possible combinations of a 10X5 matrix. What I need is all 10X1 matrix, 10X2 matrix, 10X3 matrix etc. What' the most efficient way. i can use multiple loops but that would be inefficient.
eg: I have a  matrix:
col1 col2 col3 col4

I want:
col1 and col2 and col3 and col4

then:
col1 col2 and col1 col3 and col1 col4
and so on to return all 2^5-1 combinations of columns

A: You could use nchoosek in a loop:
for k = 1:ceil(5/2) %only need to go half way up otherwise start repeating
  index{k} = nchoosek(1:5, k);
end

and then use index to get the submatrices by selecting columns

A: I won't going to solve it for you but here are some useful functions. You must clarify what exactly is your input.
>> nchoosek([1:4],3)

ans =

     1     2     3
     1     2     4
     1     3     4
     2     3     4

>> combntns([1:3],2)

ans =

     1     2
     1     3
     2     3

>> perms([1:3])

ans =

     3     2     1
     3     1     2
     2     3     1
     2     1     3
     1     2     3
     1     3     2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
namespace BitFunnel
{
    StandardInputStream::StandardInputStream(std::istream& stream)
        : m_stream(stream)
    {
    }

    size_t StandardInputStream::Read(char* destination, size_t byteCount)
    {
        // This check and cast of byteCount is because stream.write takes a
        // std::streamsize, and std::streamsize is signed. There should be no
        // reasonable way to overflow this, but we check anyway since this is
        // not believed to be a performance critical path. It's possible that we
        // should just use streamsize everywhere.
        LogAssertB(byteCount < static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max()),
                   "streamsize overflow.");
        m_stream.read(destination, static_cast<std::streamsize>(byteCount));

        LogAssertB(m_stream.gcount() >= 0,
                   "gcount underflow.");
        return static_cast<size_t>(m_stream.gcount());
    }
}


text:
Government on the hunt for S&P
Published time: 18 Aug, 2011 19:11 Edited time: 18 Aug, 2011 23:11
AFP Photo / Stan Honda © AFP
Weeks after their downgrade of the US debt helped spin the country further into crisis, Standard & Poor's is now facing a probe at the hands of the Department of Justice.
The DoJ is investigating of Standard & Poor's, the largest credit agency in the country, gave out improper ratings to huge mortgage firms during the time immediately preceding the financial crisis of 2008, the New York Times reports.
Allegedly investigators believe that S&P may have issued out false ratings that would have not just bestowed false hopes into the mortgage lenders that were improperly rated, but allowed Standard & Poor's to prey on profits while the economy was at the brink of collapse.
This latest investigation out of the DoJ is reported to have begun before the downgrade was publicized earlier this month. Lawmakers have long scrutinized S&P for questionable business practices and though Justice Department claims that this investigation has been pending for some time — since before the downgrade, in fact — it does raise suspicion that only now would the investigation be publicized in the wake of the US downgrade.
Neither Fitch nor Moody's, the other largest credit raters in the country, have been linked to the probe, reports The New York Times, who originally broke the story on Thursday. Their lack of involvement thus far can't help but raise furthers questions of a possible conspiracy between the Justice Department's investigations being a result of this month's downgrade. The DoJ claims that their investigation has been ongoing, yet why wasn't word released before the country spiraled downward to a point of near default?
The Justice Department believes that business managers at S & P may have overruled decisions which would have put the credit rating of mortgage companies at a lower score than the AAA-rating many of them received. Standard & Poor's has long stated that their rating analysts operate separately and independently from the business end, but if an investigation proves otherwise, it could open up a great deal of trouble for the credit raters that are already facing criticism for their recent downgrade of the US debt.
Standard & Poor's are already in the midst of another congressional investigation that is looking into how and why they downgraded the US debt from AAA to AA+ in recent weeks.
A spokesperson for S&P confirmed to the Times that an investigation was indeed pending but that they would be handling it as if any other instance. "S & P has received several requests from different government agencies over the last few years," says spokesman Ed Sweeney. "We continue to cooperate with these requests. We do not prevent such agencies from speaking with current or former employees."
Gold hits new record
Moody's to downgrade the US
Ex-Obama aide confesses: 'We are pretty darn f**ked'
Markets go schizophrenic after announcement from the Fed
S&P under investigation over US downgrade
Downgrade for the ratings agencies?
Dow Jones sinks to terrible numbers


text:
Tremors 3 : Le Retour () est un film américain réalisé par Brent Maddock et sorti directement en vidéo en 2001. Il s'agit du  film de la série Tremors.

Synopsis
L'aventurier Burt Gummer retourne dans sa ville natale de Perfection au Nevada, après une chasse aux Shriekers à El Chaco en Argentine. Depuis les premières attaques de Graboids, l'équipement de la ville pour suivre les activités de Graboid est tombé en ruine en raison de la négligence des résidents locaux Miguel, Nancy Sterngood et sa fille Mindy. Desert Jack Sawyer a organisé un parc avec des safaris où sont présentés de faux Graboïds. L'un des safaris se passe mal et ils sont attaqués par de vrais Graboïds. Demandant l'aide de Burt et d'une vendeuse, ils vont combattre les Graboïds qui ont évolué dans une troisième forme : les "culs voltigeurs".

Fiche technique
 Titre français : Tremors 3 : Le Retour
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Brent Maddock
 Assistant réalisateur : S. S. Wilson
 Scénario : John Whelpley, Brent Maddock et S. S. Wilson
 Musique : Kevin Kiner
 Photographie : Virgil L. Harper
 Montage : Drake Silliman
 Décors : Amanda Moss Serino
 Costumes : Debbie Shine
 Production : Nancy Roberts et S. S. Wilson
 Société de production : Stampede Entertainment
 Distribution : Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
 Pays de production :
 Format : Couleurs - 1,85:1 - Dolby Digital - 35 mm
 Genre : comédie horrifique, action et science-fiction
 Durée : 104 minutes
 Dates de sortie en vidéo :
 États-Unis :
 France :

Distribution
 Michael Gross (VF : Michel Prudhomme) : Burt Gummer
 Shawn Christian (VF : Jérôme Pauwels) : Desert Jack Sawyer
 Susan Chuang (VF : Véronique Alycia) : Jodi Chang
 Charlotte Stewart : Nancy Sterngood
 Ariana Richards (VF : Natalie Bleynie) : Mindy Sterngood
 Tony Genaro : Miguel
 Barry Livingston (VF : Bernard Soufflet) : le docteur Andrew Merliss
 John Pappas : l'agent Charlie Rusk
 Robert Jayne (VF : Bruno Choel) : Melvin Plug
 Billy Rieck : Buford, l'assistant de Jack
 Tom Everett (VF : Joel Martineau) : l'agent Frank Statler

Autour du film

 Pour diminuer les coûts de production, certaines scènes avec les Graboids ont été reprises du premier Tremors (1990).
 Dans la bande annonce, le personnage de Burt Gummer (Michael Gross) est appelé Bert Gummer.
 Le film, qui utilise les personnages et acteurs des précédents films, a été utilisé comme pilote pour vendre la série Tremors (2003).

Accueil

Liens externes

Film Tremors
Film américain sorti en 2001
Comédie horrifique américaine
Comédie américaine de science-fiction
Comédie d'action américaine
Film se déroulant au Nevada
Film se déroulant dans une ville fictive aux États-Unis
Film tourné à Santa Clarita (Californie)
Film sorti directement en vidéo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Palestinian names
Are you curious to know what are the most popular person names in Palestinian Territory? You're in the right place for that. On our page you can find a list of the most popular names in Palestinian Territory. Most often in Palestinian Territory it is the typical Palestinian names that occupy the first positions in the ranking of the most common person names in Palestinian Territory.
The most common Palestinian names
Mohamed (274736)
Ahmed (113286)
Abdel (97467)
Fatima (76087)
Mahmoud (74366)
Ibrahim (49749)
Mariam (39114)
Khaled (38706)
Ali (36503)
Yousef (36367)
Iman (36075)
Amal (35452)
Hassan (33147)
Hanan (27200)
Raed (26091)
Mona (23211)
Emad (22475)
Manal (21819)
Iyad (21670)
Omar (21326)
Jamal (21046)
Aisha (21045)
Wafa (21041)
Khalil (19893)
Alaa (19830)
Ayman (19115)
Nasreen (18802)
Sana (18620)
Samira (18433)
Ramy (18054)
Asmaa (17931)
Samih (17906)
Fayez (17614)
Ismail (17193)
Abdullah (17148)
Mostafa (17138)
Jamila (16836)
Mousa (16626)
Heba (16404)
Halima (16337)
Ashraf (16146)
Ibtisam (16123)
Souad (16112)
Ziad (15883)
Jihad (15827)
Hussein (15781)
Maha (15465)
Osama (15312)
Saeed (15168)
Hoda (15104)
Hana (14937)
Samir (14933)
Laila (14880)
Siham (14611)
Maher (14535)
Sami (14349)
Basma (14283)
Najah (13969)
Hossam (13901)
Nidal (13810)
Ghada (13750)
Yasser (13644)
Nour (13526)
Samar (13516)
Hani (13436)
Fadi (13191)
Rana (13174)
Waleed (13020)
Saleh (13005)
Nadia (12978)
Suleiman (12931)
Nawal (12880)
Nada (12790)
Nasser (12634)
Zainab (12445)
Nabil (12306)
Sahar (12280)
Samah (12055)
Bassam (12006)
Shady (11986)
Wael (11830)
Sabah (11652)
Samer (11469)
Hayam (11354)
Tarek (11268)
Fathia (11118)
Rania (11041)
Khadija (10786)
Faten (10562)
Ahlam (10532)
Adel (10509)
Hala (10139)
Majed (10125)
Adnan (10058)
Sarah (10046)
Essam (9960)
Salah (9909)
Bilal (9769)
Amjad (9735)
Kamal (9645)
Jamil (9612)
Aida (9610)
Safa (9534)
Samia (9495)
Lina (9479)
Kholoud (9447)
Akram (9373)
Anwar (9321)
Rasha (9320)
Wissam (9307)
Kamel (9074)
Anam (8983)
Dalal (8856)
Elham (8781)
Aziza (8765)
Najwa (8705)
Nader (8654)
Sawsan (8462)
Magda (8278)
Riad (8240)
Khadra (8226)
Susan (8164)
Noha (8013)
Murad (7969)
Ela (7833)
Rima (7743)
Zuhair (7736)
Yasmin (7713)
Salwa (7547)
Hisham (7533)
Yahya (7488)
Fouad (7481)
Marwan (7437)
Ghassan (7361)
Maysaa (7349)
Ramia (7270)
Mazen (7230)
Fathi (7086)
Afaf (7077)
Amer (7076)
Hatem (7049)
Amin (7008)
Nihad (6987)
Firas (6916)
Randa (6914)
Ammar (6899)
Fadwa (6883)
Salem (6796)
Haytham (6767)
Khawla (6691)
Mounir (6469)
Naeem (6466)
Rajaa (6449)
Khader (6356)
Ayesha (6288)
Mai (6281)
Nahed (6113)
Salim (6090)
Hamza (5941)
Inas (5825)
Nael (5744)
Tawfiq (5743)
Nahla (5508)
Lubna (5503)
Duaa (5337)
Najih (5281)
Louay (5165)
Saada (5157)
Asmahan (5156)
Zaher (5113)
Manar (5090)
Atef (5084)
Latifa (4988)
Sherif (4958)
Asaad (4865)
Hind (4855)
Alia (4825)
Nabila (4757)
Fawzi (4673)
Dina (4588)
Anas (4575)
Mahdi (4550)
Hayat (4455)
Shadia (4371)
Fares (4368)
Raida (4316)
Salam (4300)
Younis (4244)
Nariman (4240)
Hamed (4232)
Kawthar (4154)
Abla (4136)
Zahra (4113)
Tamer (4089)
Ramadan (4064)
Jalal (4054)
Atta (4037)
Jawad (4033)
Zakaria (3950)
Reda (3949)
Marwa (3945)
Saad (3924)
Osman (3905)
Rahma (3839)
Jihan (3819)
Sufian (3801)
Talal (3743)
Farid (3696)
Najla (3691)
Bashir (3687)
Khamis (3680)
Salama (3668)
Najat (3587)
Bahia (3478)
Dia (3459)
Arafat (3433)
Naji (3410)
Haya (3381)
Maazouza (3359)
Suhail (3298)
Fadia (3286)
Saber (3270)
Walaa (3245)
Ayat (3223)
Faisal (3220)
Aya (3184)
Rafiq (3184)
Ikram (3166)
Rashid (3102)
Mamoun (3095)
Nizar (3072)
Ghazi (3058)
Nazim (3018)
Mansour (2926)
Bushra (2870)
Yacoub (2839)
Qasim (2808)
Salman (2797)
Malik (2758)
Nasim (2726)
Taleb (2707)
Nasra (2701)
Adham (2695)
Zaki (2607)
Arwa (2599)
Lamia (2594)
Salma (2575)
Maram (2527)
Hikmat (2516)
Badr (2494)
Shaimaa (2490)
Fahd (2447)
Taha (2429)
Rabie (2378)
Bayan (2366)
Ihsan (2350)
Awatif (2345)
Farah (2304)
Yassin (2302)
Waseem (2297)
Diana (2230)
Nora (2227)
Linda (2154)
Farida (2122)
Fahima (2111)
Bakr (2105)
Ishaq (2097)
Noman (2021)
Najma (2014)
Rashad (2006)
Hamada (1973)
Jaafar (1939)
Karam (1927)
Suhaila (1918)
Donia (1903)
Radwan (1895)
Amir (1875)
Ayoub (1875)
Jaber (1840)
Amna (1808)
George (1794)
Azhar (1762)
Mesbah (1757)
Nazih (1745)
Hammad (1742)
Nermin (1730)
Wesal (1707)
Rabah (1702)
Aziz (1673)
Fatih (1665)
Farouk (1662)
Hamad (1631)
Fayrouz (1619)
Mohsen (1617)
Elias (1588)
Rabab (1588)
Taher (1563)
Zaid (1529)
Did you know any of these Palestinian names?
Have you already seen which are the most common person names in Palestinian Territory? Were you surprised by any of them? It is possible that you didn't know some of these Palestinian names, maybe you had heard some of them in some occasion, but you didn't know that it was a palestino name. But there is also the possibility that in the list of most popular Palestinian Territory names we do not find only typically Palestinian person names.
Not all person names in Palestinian Territory have to be Palestinian
You are probably now thinking about how it is possible that in the list of the most popular Palestinian Territory names, we can find person names that may have a provenance from a country other than Palestinian Territory. There are several explanations for this. On the one hand, it may be that Palestinian Territory has received in recent years many migrants from other countries, and that when they settled in Palestinian Territory, and had offspring, they brought with them the names of persons typical of their countries of origin.
Fashions may influence Palestinian names
Another possibility that would explain that in the list of most popular Palestinian Territory person names, we can find names that are not typical of Palestinian Territory, comes from the fact that globalization has made more and more parents choose to give their children names they like for whatever reason, regardless of whether those names are traditional to their country or not. Thus it might have happened that if a non- Palestinian character had become very popular in Palestinian Territory, many parents might have opted to name their babies after that character, and for that reason it is now on this list of popular Palestinian names.
What's the point of a Palestinian person name?
Whatever the reason, having information about which Palestinian person names are most commonly used in Palestinian Territory today is something you may find useful. Whether it's as a simple curiosity, for research for some kind of statistical work, because you're looking for a palestino name for your baby, or because maybe you need to give realism to the palestino character in your novel or screenplay, at firstnam.es we offer you the updated list of the most popular person names in Palestinian Territory.
✓ Palestinian Territory
Palestinian first names
Palestinian girl names
Palestinian boy names
Palestinian Surnames
Nearest Countries
Jordanian first names
Israelite first names
Nombres palestinos
Vornamen palästinensische
Prénoms Palestiniens
Nomi Palestinesi


text:
Trump's Team Just Revealed Where He Got His Obama Wiretap Conspiracy From
Lou Colagiovanni
Lou Colagiovanni is an investigative journalist living in Las Vegas…
Trudeau And Trump Celebrated Women's Day In Two Very Different Ways
During the presidential election Sec. Hillary Clinton warned that Donald Trump's temperament made him unfit to sit in the Oval Office. Through Trump's impulsive tantrums and unhinged behavior during his first several weeks in office, Clinton has been proved correct.
Trump's latest episode of stupidity continues to add fuel to Clinton's burning truth. It has been proved Trump was reacting to a falsified "news" story from an often debunked right-wing website, Breitbart, and that Trump was fed the story by a member of his own staff.
On March 4, 2017 President Trump blasted out an early morning flurry of mountainously idiotic tweets accusing former President Barack Obama of "wiretapping" Trump Tower during the election. Trump, as par excellence for him, offered no evidence to substantiate his accusations. The tweets, sent around 6 a.m., can be read below:
Terrible! Just found out that Obama had my "wires tapped" in Trump Tower just before the victory. Nothing found. This is McCarthyism!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 4, 2017
Is it legal for a sitting President to be "wire tapping" a race for president prior to an election? Turned down by court earlier. A NEW LOW!
I'd bet a good lawyer could make a great case out of the fact that President Obama was tapping my phones in October, just prior to Election!
How low has President Obama gone to tapp my phones during the very sacred election process. This is Nixon/Watergate. Bad (or sick) guy!
One wonders how Trump came to these drastic conclusions while the majority of the nation was still asleep.
As it happens Trump read a report from Breitbart.com, of all places, which outlined a theory proffered by the dramatically ignorant right-wing talking head Mark Levin on his March 2, 2017 radio program which has a dwindling audience.
How did this story find its way to Trump's eyeballs, which are regularly twitching from his alleged abuse of diet pills? Along with a copy of every major newspaper, a member of Trump's staff also placed the false Breitbart story in his morning pile of media.
That's all it took for Trump to fly off the handle and allow his emotions to dictate his embarrassing behavior. The United States is viewed as a laughing stock to the rest of the world and the main driving component for the international community's disdain is Trump's presence in the White House.
It has been widely reported that Trump's staff have made desperate efforts to limit his intake of media, much like a parent attempts to limit their child's intake of sugar before bed. It makes either too hyper otherwise. Further, Trump's team attempts to balance his media diet with stories which show Trump in a glowing light as his narcissism requires a constant supply of praise. Apparently somebody forgot to follow the protocol.
Much can be, and has been, said about Trump's tweets. For example the FBI, CIA, and NSA have all corroborated the mountain of evidence available to conclude that Trump colluded with the Russian government to influence the presidential election. This shows how "sacred" Trump truly believes the election process to be, and he is willing to infringe upon the process just as long as he achieves the results he seeks. It also shows that if Obama were wiretapping Trump he would have been justified in doing so, but Obama did not wiretap Trump and this has also been corroborated by the FBI.
While Trump was the creator of the "fake news" moniker, he is unquestionably the first American president in history to consume so much news which he believes to be false. Trump's behavior makes little sense. He's like an individual who claims something to be poison, but continues to ingest it while crying that he's drinking poison. He does this while disavowing the various intelligence agencies in the United States who he believes do not give all of the information he requires.
This speaks to the heart of Trump's stupidity. He berates those intelligence agencies whose job it is to inform him, while simultaneously berating the media whose main job is to turn a profit for their shareholders, while hungrily consuming their product and believing whatever he reads that agrees with his warped view of the world.
Lou Colagiovanni is an investigative journalist living in Las Vegas who specializes in politics and crime. His work has been highlighted all over the world and he is regularly featured on television and radio.
Lou Colagiovanni March 10, 2017


Officials of Department of Culture and Tourism - Abu Dhabi during the event.
Abu Dhabi: As part of the Abu Dhabi Government's accelerator programme "Ghadan 21", the Department of Culture and Tourism – Abu Dhabi (DCT Abu Dhabi) has announced strategic initiatives to further drive the development of the Emirate's tourism sector.
In line with the Ghadan 21 ambition, to make Abu Dhabi one of the best places in the world to do business, invest, live, work and visit, the strategic initiatives have been designed to improve the value proposition of Abu Dhabi and make it the destination of choice for travelers and spur tourism investment.
The initiatives will decrease tourism and municipality fees for hotels in Abu Dhabi, exempt long-term hotel guests and visitors from daily municipality fees, as well as increase investments in attracting tourists and further promote Abu Dhabi's well-established infrastructure, world-class tourist attractions and events.
Announced by Saif Saeed Ghobash, Undersecretary at DCT Abu Dhabi, it was confirmed that DCT Abu Dhabi has already begun implementing the initiatives across the sector.
The tourism and municipality fee reductions are estimated to increase available capital for hotels by Dhs1 billion over the next three years.
The Ghadan 21 programme was declared by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, and Chairman of the Executive Council of Abu Dhabi to accelerate the existing economic agenda. From 2019 to 2021, Dhs50 billion will be invested across four strategic pillars: Economic, Knowledge, Livability and Social. Each of the Ghadan 21 initiatives have been designed to reflect the priorities of Abu Dhabi's citizens, residents, business owners and investors.
DCT Abu Dhabi's initiatives include fee reductions that give hotel owners access to more capital to reinvest in their businesses and growth. DCT Abu Dhabi is reducing the overall tourism and municipality fees for hotels in Abu Dhabi from 10 per cent to 5.5 per cent (tourism fees from 6 per cent to 3.5 per cent, and municipality fees from 4 per cent to 2 per cent). It is to reduce the daily municipality fee from Dhs15 to 10 for each hotel room.
Removing all tourism and municipality fees on any tourist attraction tickets sold by the hotels; Exempting long-term visitors in hotels - 30 or more consecutive nights - from the daily municipality fee to encourage extended stays at hotels; and changing the frequency of fee collection from monthly to semi-annually, giving hotel owners access to more capital to help with continual improvements and the quality of their offerings.
Increased tourism investment to support the Abu Dhabi Toursim sector in attracting more visitors, DCT Abu Dhabi will invest directly Dhs500 million in promoting Abu Dhabi in major tourism target markets globally. The move comes after Abu Dhabi achieved a record of number of visitors and hotel guest in 2018, with a 3.94 per cent growth in hotel guests compared to 2017. Over the year, more than 10 million visitors arrived in Abu Dhabi from around the world. This growth can be attributed to an increased investment in key markets.
From 2019 to 2021, Dhs50 billion will be invested across four strategic pillars: Economic, Knowledge, Livability and Social. Each of the Ghadan 21 initiatives have been designed to reflect the priorities of Abu Dhabi's citizens, residents, business owners and investors.
Abu Dhabi saw a 13.62 per cent growth in the number of hotel guests compared to 2016, affirming its position as an exceptional international destination with remarkable infrastructure, advanced world-class tourism attractions, events and programmes organised throughout the year.
Abu Dhabi's cruise tourism sector attracted more than 350,000 visitors to the emirate in 2018, with a growth rate of more than 27 per cent since 2016.
Ghadan 21 is a three-year, Dhs50 billion accelerator programme endorsed by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and Chairman of the Abu Dhabi Executive Council. Ghadan 21 is anchored around four main pillars: Social, Economic, Livability and Knowledge.


If only my mother could see me now, she would be smiling. At long last, I have become the neatnik she so tried to train and deserved to have as a daughter.Somewhat to her dismay, I spent a lot more time wanting to be a beatnik!
I was raised in a household of meticulous order, all generated by Mom.
All dishes in my childhood home were washed immediately after dinner and put away. The dishwasher would not only be run, but emptied as soon as it finished its cycle.
All clothing worn during the day was supposed to be put away too. "It's just as easy to hang something up as it is to throw it down," my Mom would repeat to me on a daily basis.
Beds were made right after getting dressed in the morning, and I ALWAYS got dressed before eating breakfast. Lounging about in p.j.'s was never tolerated, unless ill.
Spring and fall cleaning were done regularly. I'm talking deep cleaning. Slipcovers were put on and taken off as the season demanded, and draperies taken down at the beginning of summer, i.e. Memorial Day and put back up again soon after Labor Day.
Drawers and shelves were always lined with contact or decorative paper. Linen closet shelves even sported a tacked on decorative edging .
I never shared my Mom's enthusiasm for such rituals, but I must say our house ran smoothly. It was a very nice place to live.
Sadly, everything changed when my Mom developed Alzheimer's Disease. Cleanliness and neatness steadily deteriorated. My old home would never be the same. I mourned not only the loss of my mother but also the beautiful world she'd created.
It was about the time of the onset of my Mom's Alzheimer's, that I began traveling to Japan. Steadily, over the years, my visits there have made me care deeply about order and neatness. At last, I take pleasure from negative space. Organization can be deeply satisfying!
If Mom could see me now, she might be surprised and pleased to find my housekeeping instincts might even surpass her own criteria! If only she'd sent me to Japan as a child….


Zero Compromise Optic ZC527 and ZC420 is making a class of its own!
ZC527 measuring 15.24 inches long, 35 mils of elevation with very generous field of view of 21 feet / 100 yards.
ZC420 packs a mighty punch into a compact package that rivals much larger rifle scopes. Measuring 12.8 inches long, 28 feet / 100 yards at low end magnification, while the mechanical system delivers 35 mils of elevation adjustment.


Select one or more devices. Also pay attention to all the accessories.
When you are finished with your shopping, open the shopping cart and complete the order by clicking on "buy".
Now we need only your email address. After the payment for the desired device, it can be packed and shipped.
Of course, you'll receive constant status updates and can always stay up to date.
How long does it take for the package to arrive?
With which provider will the goods be sent?
Do I also get EU adapter?
Where are the smartphones sent from?


Item specifics is_customized: Yes Compatible Brand: Apple iPhones,Samsung,Nokia ..
Item specifics is_customized: Yes Compatible Brand: Apple iPhones Type..
Item specifics Compatible Brand: Apple iPhones Type: Charge Brand Name..
Item specifics Brand Name: Car 200W power inverter Input Voltage: DC 12V ..
Item specifics is_customized: Yes Compatible Brand: Apple iPhones Type: ..
Item specifics Compatible Brand: Samsung Type: USB Brand Name: VISKA ..
100% brand new and high quality Convert 1.8" laptop hard dr..
Item specifics Brand Name: Galaxy Car Output Voltage: AC 220V±10% Color ..
Item specifics Type: Dada Transfer Cable Model Number: 2.5 TO 3.5 IDE Pl..
Item specifics is_customized: Yes Brand Name: PA Package: Yes ..


March 14, 2014—Moore, SC— For ground support service in the Civil Air Patrol during WWII, CAP Coastal Patrol Veteran, Emery M. Overcash of Moore, SC, was recently recognized with a life membership in CAP, promoted to the grade of Lt Col and approved for the CAP Exceptional Service Award. In a private ceremony at Lt Col Overcash's home today he was presented with the CAP Exceptional Service Award and other CAP memorabilia by Maj Lee Safley, CAP, SC Wing Chief of Staff, on behalf of the SCWG and CAP National Headquarters.
Lt Col Overcash was a student, at the time of his membership and service in CAP, during WWII. He was stationed at Coastal Patrol Base 21 in Beaufort, North Carolina (NC) where he served from 14 Oct 1942 to 31 Aug 1943. Following his time in the Civil Air Patrol, he enlisted and served in the US Army Air Corp until the end of the War.
Asked about his career, Lt Col Overcash recalled many of the events of his time on the Beaufort, NC base, which included an episode when a CAP air crew from the base located a German submarine one (1) mile off of the NC coast. The crew then notified US Marine Corp fighter planes, which then targeted and sank the enemy sub. He also recalled loading 100lb bombs on CAP aircraft, the crash and loss of life of CAP air crew members on takeoff, and the emergency belly crash-landing of a fighter plane on the CAP base airfield.
During WWII, CAP flew 24 million over-water miles, from 21 bases located on the east and gulf coasts, spotted 173 subs, attacked 57, damaged 17 and sank one, (possibly two). CAP also located the survivors of 363 ships, which were lost to enemy action, reported 91 vessels in distress and found 17 floating mines.
Single engine planes were flown up to 50 miles off-shore. The multi-engine amphibians flew up to 200 miles at sea. Engine failures were common back then. Some 90 CAP aircraft were ditched. Among some 59 CAP pilots killed in WWII, 26 of them were lost at sea.


The waters of the Abano and Montegrotto basin fall into the category of deep underground waters, unique because of the long distances they travel. The waters derive from the uncontaminated basins of the Lessini Mountains in the foot hills of the Alps, passing through calcareous rock and into the subsoil at a depth of approximately 2000-3000 meters. They are held at high temperatures and under strong pressures over the approximately 80 kilometer route that takes an average of 25/30 years. During this time they take on mineral salts and finally reach the Euganean Spas where they spring forth at a temperature of 87°C. The abundance of the dissolved substances make this water a unique thermal resource, one of its kind in the world. From the chemical point of view, these waters are classified as hyperthermal sodiobromidiodic watersand as having a fixed residue of 5-6 grams of dissolved salts per liter of water at 180°C. The extraordinary therapeutic value of the waters and muds found at Abano and Montegrotto derive from the strict regulations governing thermal extraction, preventing the indiscriminate use and depletion of the resources.


text:
Q: Sub-select takes "ages" - EXCEPT is much faster Script to create the tables
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS history;
CREATE TABLE history (
    id integer NOT NULL,
    ticket_id integer NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE ONLY history ADD CONSTRAINT history_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
CREATE INDEX history_ticket_id ON history USING btree (ticket_id);
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ticket;
CREATE TABLE ticket (
    id integer NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE ONLY ticket ADD CONSTRAINT ticket_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);

Dummy data
INSERT INTO history values (generate_series(1, 30000), generate_series(1, 30000));
ANALYZE history;

INSERT INTO ticket values (generate_series(1, 40000));
ANALYZE ticket;

Query with sub-select
explain analyze select distinct ticket_id from history
       where ticket_id not in (select id from ticket);

explain analyze slow sub-select
     HashAggregate  (cost=15510545.50..15510695.50 rows=15000 width=4) (actual time=170892.668..170892.668 rows=0 loops=1)
   ->  Seq Scan on history  (cost=0.00..15510508.00 rows=15000 width=4) (actual time=170892.644..170892.644 rows=0 loops=1)
         Filter: (NOT (SubPlan 1))
         Rows Removed by Filter: 30000
         SubPlan 1
           ->  Materialize  (cost=0.00..934.00 rows=40000 width=4) (actual time=0.006..2.685 rows=15000 loops=30000)
                 ->  Seq Scan on ticket  (cost=0.00..577.00 rows=40000 width=4) (actual time=0.038..21.347 rows=30000 loops=1)
 Total runtime: 170892.965 ms

Query with EXCEPT
explain analyze select distinct ticket_id from history
       except select id from ticket;

explain analyze with EXCEPT
HashSetOp Except  (cost=0.29..2449.29 rows=30000 width=4) (actual time=41.641..41.641 rows=0 loops=1)
   ->  Append  (cost=0.29..2274.29 rows=70000 width=4) (actual time=0.024..27.835 rows=70000 loops=1)
         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"  (cost=0.29..1297.29 rows=30000 width=4) (actual time=0.024..14.527 rows=30000 loops=1)
               ->  Unique  (cost=0.29..997.29 rows=30000 width=4) (actual time=0.022..10.856 rows=30000 loops=1)
                     ->  Index Only Scan using history_ticket_id on history  (cost=0.29..922.29 rows=30000 width=4) (actual time=0.021..6.031 rows=30000 loops=1)
                           Heap Fetches: 30000
         ->  Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"  (cost=0.00..977.00 rows=40000 width=4) (actual time=0.018..8.364 rows=40000 loops=1)
               ->  Seq Scan on ticket  (cost=0.00..577.00 rows=40000 width=4) (actual time=0.018..3.808 rows=40000 loops=1)
 Total runtime: 41.702 ms

DBMS version

*

*PostgreSQL 9.3.10

Questions

*

*Why does one take much longer than the other?

A: in is better for list of constant values. Try using not exists instead.
Query:
explain analyze select distinct ticket_id from history h
       where not EXISTS (select id from ticket t where t.id = h.ticket_id);

And execution plan:
Unique  (cost=0.58..2294.04 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=23.140..23.140 rows=0 loops=1)
  ->  Merge Anti Join  (cost=0.58..2294.04 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=23.139..23.139 rows=0 loops=1)
        Merge Cond: (h.ticket_id = t.id)
        ->  Index Only Scan using history_ticket_id on history h  (cost=0.29..922.29 rows=30000 width=4) (actual time=0.037..6.848 rows=30000 loops=1)
              Heap Fetches: 30000
        ->  Index Only Scan using ticket_pkey on ticket t  (cost=0.29..1228.29 rows=40000 width=4) (actual time=0.026..6.970 rows=30000 loops=1)
              Heap Fetches: 30000
Total runtime: 23.189 ms

Reason for that I think is that for NOT IN Postgres will need to build distinct list of values from table ticket and then only filter history.
NOT EXISTS does not need to create a list. It can just check if value exists in tickets PK index.
Usually when you don't get "Anti Join" in such type of queries - something is written bad.


text:
package org.jibx.runtime;

/**
 * Nameable extension interface definition. This interface must be implemented
 * by a marshaller {@link org.jibx.runtime.IMarshaller} or unmarshaller {@link
 * org.jibx.runtime.IUnmarshaller} that can use different top-level element
 * names. Although it does not define any methods, it designates the marshaller
 * or unmarshaller as being usable with a namespace and element name, and
 * particular bound class name, defined within a binding.
 *
 * If this interface is implemented by a marshaller or unmarshaller class used
 * with a specified element name in a binding the binding compiler will actually
 * generate a subclass of the original class. The subclass uses a standard
 * no-argument constructor, but calls a superclass constructor with the
 * specified element name information. The superclass code can
 * then make use of the specified name in marshalling and/or unmarshalling.
 *
 * For a marshaller-only class, the required constructor takes a pair of
 * arguments, with the first argument the namespace URI index and the second the
 * actual element name string. For an unmarshaller-only class, the constructor
 * must take a pair of arguments, with the first argument the namespace URI and
 * the second the element name. For a class which is both a marshaller and an
 * unmarshaller, the constructor must take three arguments, with the first
 * argument the namespace URI string, the second the namespace URI index, and
 * the third the actual element name.
 *
 * @author Dennis M. Sosnoski
 */
public interface IAliasable {}


text:
A Virtual Reality Documentary Experience
Gimmeonevr@gmail.com
GIMME ONE
#GIMMEONEVR
ABOUT GIMME ONE
In a vogue ballroom, 'gimme one' is what the MC would ask the judges in deciding the winner of the dance battle. The ballroom scene is an underground community that was started by trans persons of colour as far back as the 1920s. Although it revolves around extravagant competitions, at the heart of the scene is a sense of community, shared experience and empowerment. GIMME ONE is a virtual reality documentary experience telling the story of five members of the UK ballroom community which examine ideas around cultural appropriation, the preservation of safe spaces and the power of identity and self-expression. The documentary listens to the burgeoning UK community of this international movement as they explore sexuality and gender through dance. Their self-expression is seen through dance using digital volumetric and motion capture techniques, visualising the unique voices of this vibrant subculture.


CMG News - What's Up (or Down) with the Stock Market?
What's Up (or Down) with the Stock Market?
On Monday, August 24th, the stock markets endured a series of gains and losses that left investors reeling and citizens questioning the stability of the economy. What happened and what does it mean?
Every indicator has been pointing towards 2015 as a year of increasing stability as the DOW showed that U.S. companies were growing. The catch, however, is that many American companies are able to grow and expand by selling their goods in other countries, namely China. So if China slows down, we slow down.
China's economy began to slip as its markets slowed and became increasingly less stable. To top it all off, their attempt at righting the situation was seen as weakness and investors began selling their stocks creating a panic that economies were crashing. "Stocks are equity investments that represent part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets" (TheStreet). With investors selling off their shares, it shows people are making quick decisions to get out of the market and protect their finances in the event of a major collapse. These massive selloffs caused the DOW to drop more than 1,000 points on Monday alone, the largest drop ever on a single trading day signifying the abrupt halt of growth and even potential crashing of the market.
While the losses did recover by about half later on Monday, uncertainty in the economy still abounds creating a huge potential for more losses. In regards to the housing market, potential homebuyers are growing weary of investing in a property with the stock market's future still unclear. Housing prices and values are expected to dip yet again. So while we wait to see what the stock market does next, housing activity could slow significantly until we have some clarity on the future of the economy.


text:
<?php
namespace Aura\Intl;

use Aura\Framework\Test\WiringAssertionsTrait;

class WiringTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    use WiringAssertionsTrait;

    protected function setUp()
    {
        $this->loadDi();
    }

    public function testServices()
    {
        $this->assertGet('intl_package_factory', 'Aura\Intl\PackageFactory');
        $this->assertGet('intl_translator_locator', 'Aura\Intl\TranslatorLocator');
    }

    public function testInstances()
    {
        $this->assertNewInstance('Aura\Intl\FormatterLocator');
        $this->assertNewInstance('Aura\Intl\TranslatorLocator');
    }
}


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text:
Perillus splendidus är en insektsart som först beskrevs av Philip Reese Uhler 1861.  Perillus splendidus ingår i släktet Perillus och familjen bärfisar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Bärfisar
splendidus