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NASA telescope set for launch on million-mile voyage – Phys.org
From its remote orbit, Webb is expected to beam back new clues to the origins of the Universe.
The world's most powerful space telescope is set to blast off on Saturday to its outpost 1.5 million kilometres (930,000 miles) from Earth, after several delays caused by technical hitches.
The James Webb Space Telescope, some three decades and billions of dollars in the making, will leave Earth enclosed in its Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou Space Centre in French Guiana.
UPDATE: Space telescope launched on daring quest to behold 1st stars
The launch, scheduled in a brief window after 9:20 am (1220 GMT), will send the telescope on a month-long journey to its remote orbit.
It is expected to beam back new clues that will help scientists understand more about the origins of the Universe and Earth-like planets beyond our solar system.
Named after a former NASA director, Webb follows in the footsteps of the legendary Hubble—but intends to show humans what the Universe looked like even closer to its birth nearly 14 billion years ago.
Speaking on social media, Webb project co-founder John Mather described the telescope's unprecedented sensitivity.
"#JWST can see the heat signature of a bumblebee at the distance of the Moon," he said.
All that power is needed to detect the weak glow emitted billions of years ago by the very first galaxies to exist and the first stars being formed.
Graphic of the James Webb space telescope, the successor to Hubble.
'Exceptional measures'
The telescope is unequalled in size and complexity.
Its mirror measures 6.5 metres (21 feet) in diameter—three times the size of the Hubble's mirror—and is made of 18 hexagonal sections.
It is so large that it had to be folded to fit into the rocket.
That manoeuvre was laser-guided with NASA imposing strict isolation measures to limit any contact with the telescope's mirrors from particles or even human breath.
Once the rockets have carried Webb 120 kilometres, the protective nose of the craft, called a "fairing", is shed to lighten the load.
To protect the delicate instrument from changes in pressure at that stage, rocket-builder Arianespace installed a custom decompression system.
"Exceptional measures for an exceptional client," said a European Space Agency official in Kourou on Thursday.
The telescope is so large that it had to be folded to fit into the rocket.
Crew on the ground will know whether the first stage of the flight was successful about 27 minutes after launch.
Once it reaches its station, the challenge will be to fully deploy the mirror and a tennis-court-sized sun shield.
That intimidatingly complex process will take two weeks and must be flawless if Webb is to function correctly.
Its orbit will be much farther than Hubble, which has been 600 kilometres above the Earth since 1990.
The location of Webb's orbit is called the Lagrange 2 point and was chosen in part because it will keep the Earth, the Sun and the Moon all on the same side of its sun shield.
Webb is expected to officially enter service in June.
Webb Telescope placed on top of Ariane 5 rocket
NASA telescope set for launch on million-mile voyage (2021, December 25)
retrieved 25 December 2021
from https://phys.org/news/2021-12-nasa-telescope-million-mile-voyage.html
Dinosaur embryo study supports ancestral link to birds – Global Times
4 of the biggest archeological finds of 2021 — including a 'game changer' – NPR
Are the northern lights caused by 'particles from the Sun'? Not exactly – Phys.org
Credit: PhotoVisions/Shutterstock
What a spectacle a big aurora is, its shimmering curtains and colorful rays of light illuminating a dark sky. Many people refer to aurora as the northern lights (the aurora borealis), but there are southern lights too (the aurora australis). Either way, if you're lucky enough to catch a glimpse of this phenomenon, it's something you won't soon forget.
The aurora is often explained simply as "particles from the Sun" hitting our atmosphere. But that's not technically accurate except in a few limited cases. So what does happen to create this natural marvel?
We see the aurora when energetic charged particles—electrons and sometimes ions—collide with atoms in the upper atmosphere. While the aurora often follows explosive events on the Sun, it's not quite true to say these energetic particles that cause the aurora come from the Sun.
Earth's magnetism, the force that directs the compass needle, dominates the motions of electrically charged particles in space around Earth. The magnetic field near the surface of Earth is normally steady, but its strength and direction fluctuate when there are displays of the aurora. These fluctuations are caused by what's called a magnetic substorm—a rapid disturbance in the magnetic field in near-Earth space.
To understand what happens to trigger a substorm, we first need to learn about plasma. Plasma is a gas in which a significant number of the atoms have been broken into ions and electrons. The gas of the uppermost regions of Earth's atmosphere is in the plasma state, as is the gas that makes up the Sun and other stars. A gas of plasma flows away continuously from the Sun: this is called the solar wind.
Plasma behaves differently from those gases we meet in everyday life. Wave a magnet around in your kitchen and nothing much happens. The air of the kitchen consists overwhelmingly of electrically neutral atoms, so it's quite undisturbed by the moving magnet. In a plasma, however, with its electrically charged particles, things are different. So if your house was filled with plasma, waving a magnet around would make the air move.
When solar wind plasma arrives at the earth it interacts with the planet's magnetic field (as illustrated below—the magnetic field is represented by the lines that look a bit like a spider). Most of the time, plasma travels easily along the lines of the magnetic field, but not across them. This means that solar wind arriving at Earth is diverted around the planet and kept away from the Earth's atmosphere. In turn, the solar wind drags the field lines out into the elongated form seen on the night side, called the magnetotail.
Sometimes moving plasma brings magnetic fields from different regions together, causing a local breakdown in the pattern of magnetic field lines. This phenomenon, called magnetic reconnection, heralds a new magnetic configuration, and, importantly, unleashes a huge amount of energy.
These events happen fairly often in the Sun's outer atmosphere, causing an explosive energy release and pushing clouds of magnetized gas, called coronal mass ejections, away from the Sun (as seen in the image above).
If a coronal mass ejection arrives at Earth it can in turn trigger reconnection in the magnetotail, releasing energy that drives electrical currents in near-Earth space: the substorm. Strong electric fields that develop in this process accelerate electrons to high energies. Some of these electrons may have come from the solar wind, allowed into near-Earth space by reconnection, but their acceleration in the substorm is essential to their role in the aurora.
These particles are then funneled by the magnetic field towards the atmosphere high above the polar regions. There they collide with the oxygen and nitrogen atoms, exciting them to glow as the aurora.
Now you know exactly what causes the northern lights, how do you optimize your chances of seeing it? Seek out dark skies far from cities and towns. The further north you can go the better but you don't need to be in the Arctic Circle. We see them from time to time in Scotland, and they've even been spotted in the north of England—although they're still better seen at higher latitudes.
Websites such as AuroraWatch UK can tell you when it's worth heading outside. And remember that while events on the Sun can give us a few days warning, these are indicative, not foolproof. Perhaps part of the magic lies in the fact that you need a little bit of luck to see the aurora in all its glory.
North Pole solar eclipse excited auroras on the other side of the world
Are the northern lights caused by 'particles from the Sun'? Not exactly (2022, January 21)
from https://phys.org/news/2022-01-northern-particles-sun.html
Hubble telescope spots a black hole fostering baby stars in a dwarf galaxy – Space.com
Black holes can not only rip stars apart, but they can also trigger star formation, as scientists have now seen in a nearby dwarf galaxy.
At the centers of most, if not all, large galaxies are supermassive black holes with masses that are millions to billions of times that of Earth's sun. For instance, at the heart of our Milky Way galaxy lies Sagittarius A*, which is about 4.5 million solar masses in size.
Astronomers have previously seen giant black holes shred apart stars. However, researchers have also detected supermassive black holes generating powerful outflows that can feed the dense clouds from which stars are born.
Video: Dwarf galaxy's black hole triggers star formation
Related: The strangest black holes in the universe
A Hubble Space Telescope image of the dwarf starburst galaxy Henize 2-10, shown in visible light. (Image credit: NASA/ESA/Zachary Schutte (XGI)/Amy Reines (XGI)/Alyssa Pagan (STScI))
Black hole-driven star formation was previously seen in large galaxies, but the evidence for such activity in dwarf galaxies was scarce. Dwarf galaxies are roughly analogous to what newborn galaxies may have looked like soon after the dawn of the universe, so investigating how supermassive black holes in dwarf galaxies can spark the birth of stars may in turn offer "a glimpse of how young galaxies in the early universe formed a portion of their stars," study lead author Zachary Schutte, an astrophysicist at Montana State University in Bozeman, told Space.com.
In a new study, the scientists investigated the dwarf galaxy Henize 2-10, located about 34 million light-years from Earth in the southern constellation Pyxis. Recent estimates suggest the dwarf galaxy has a mass about 10 billion times that of the sun. (In contrast, the Milky Way has a mass of about 1.5 trillion solar masses.)
A decade ago, study senior author Amy Reines at Montana State University discovered radio and X-ray emissions from Henize 2-10 that suggested the dwarf galaxy's core hosted a black hole about 3 million solar masses in size. However, other astronomers suggested this radiation may instead have come from the remnant of a star explosion known as a supernova.
In the new study, the researchers focused on a tendril of gas from the heart of Henize 2-10 about 490 light-years long, in which electrically charged ionized gas is flowing as fast as 1.1 million mph (1.8 million kph). This outflow was connected like an umbilical cord to a bright stellar nursery about 230 light-years from Henize 2-10's core.
This outflow slammed into the dense gas of the stellar nursery like a garden hose spewing onto a pile of dirt, leading water to spread outward. The researchers found newborn star clusters about 4 million years old and upwards of 100,000 times the mass of the sun dotted the path of the outflow's spread, Schutte said.
A closer view of the central region of the dwarf galaxy Henize 2-10 shows the supermassive black hole and the outflow of hot gas. (Image credit: NASA/ESA/Zachary Schutte (XGI)/Amy Reines (XGI)/Alyssa Pagan (STScI))
With the help of high-resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope, the scientists detected a corkscrew-like pattern in the speed of the gas in the outflow. Their computer models suggested this was likely due to the precessing, or wobbling, of a black hole. Since a supernova remnant would not cause such a pattern, this suggests that Henize 2-10's core does indeed host a black hole.
"Before our work, supermassive black hole-enhanced star formation had only been seen in much larger galaxies," Schutte said.
In the future, the researchers would like to investigate more dwarf galaxies with similar black hole-triggered star formation. However, this is difficult for many reasons — "systems like Henize 2-10 are not common; obtaining high quality observations is difficult; and so on," Schutte said. However, when the James Webb Space Telescope hopefully comes online in the near future, "we will have new tools to search for these systems," he noted.
Schutte and Reines detailed their findings in the Jan. 19 issue of the journal Nature.
Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Massive Iceberg Released Over 150 Billion Tons of Fresh Water Into Ocean As It Scraped Past South Georgia – SciTechDaily
The A68A iceberg with some smaller parts of ice that have broken off around it (November 21, 2020). Credit: MODIS image from NASA Worldview Snapshots
Scientists monitoring the giant A68A Antarctic iceberg from space reveal that a huge amount of fresh water was released as it melted around the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia.
152 billion tonnes of fresh water – equivalent to 20 x Loch Ness or 61 million Olympic sized swimming pools, entered the seas around the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia when the megaberg A68A melted over 3 months in 2020/2021, according to a new study.
In July 2017, the A68A iceberg snapped off the Larsen-C Ice Shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula and began its epic 3.5 year, 4000 km journey across the Southern Ocean. At 5719 square kilometers in extent – quarter the size of Wales –, it was the biggest iceberg on Earth when it formed and the sixth largest on record. Around Christmas 2020, the berg received widespread attention as it drifted worryingly close to South Georgia, raising concerns it could harm the island's fragile ecosystem.
Researchers from the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS) used satellite measurements to chart the A68A iceberg's area and thickness change throughout its life cycle. The authors show that the berg had melted enough as it drifted to avoid damaging the sea floor around South Georgia by running aground. However, a side effect of the melting was the release of a colossal 152 billion tonnes of fresh water in close proximity to the island – a disturbance that could have a profound impact on the island's marine habitat.
A68A iceberg approaching the island of South Georgia (December 14, 2020). The left-hand part of the image are clouds. Credit: MODIS image from NASA Worldview Snapshots
For the first two years of its life, A68A stayed close to Antarctica in the cold waters of the Weddell Sea and experienced little in the way of melting. However, once it began its northwards journey across Drake Passage it traveled through increasingly warm waters and began to melt. Altogether, the iceberg thinned by 67 meters from its initial 235 m thickness, with the rate of melting rising sharply as the berg drifted in the Scotia Sea around South Georgia.
Laura Gerrish, GIS and mapping specialist at BAS and co-author of the study said:
"A68 was an absolutely fascinating iceberg to track all the way from its creation to its end. Frequent measurements allowed us to follow every move and break-up of the berg as it moved slowly northwards through iceberg alley and into the Scotia Sea where it then gained speed and approached the island of South Georgia very closely."
Thinning and breakage of the A68A iceberg over time. Melt rates increase sharply once the iceberg is drifting in open ocean north of the Antarctic peninsula. Iceberg thickness was derived from satellite altimetry data from Cryosat-2 and ICESat-2. Iceberg shape and size were sourced from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-3 and MODIS satellite data. Credit: Anne Braakmann-Folgmann CPOM
If an iceberg's keel is too deep it can get stuck on the sea floor. This can be disruptive in several different ways; the scour marks can destroy fauna, and the berg itself can block ocean currents and predator foraging routes. All of these potential outcomes were feared when A68A approached South Georgia. However, this new study reveals that it collided only briefly with the sea floor and broke apart shortly afterward, making it less of a risk in terms of blockage. By the time it reached the shallow waters around South Georgia, the iceberg's keel had reduced to 141 meters below the ocean surface, shallow enough to avoid the seabed which is around 150 meters deep.
Nevertheless, the ecosystem and wildlife around South Georgia will certainly have felt the impact of the colossal iceberg's visit. When icebergs detach from ice shelves, they drift with the ocean currents and wind while releasing cold fresh meltwater and nutrients as they melt. This process influences the local ocean circulation and fosters biological production around the iceberg. At its peak, the iceberg was melting at a rate of 7 meters per month, and in total it released a staggering 152 billion tonnes of fresh water and nutrients.
Anne Braakmann-Folgmann, a researcher at CPOM and PhD candidate at the University of Leeds' School of Earth and Environment, is lead author of the study. She said:
"This is a huge amount of melt water, and the next thing we want to learn is whether it had a positive or negative impact on the ecosystem around South Georgia.
"Because A68A took a common route across the Drake Passage, we hope to learn more about icebergs taking a similar trajectory, and how they influence the polar oceans."
The journey of A68A has been charted using observations from 5 different satellites. The iceberg's area change was recorded using a combination of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-3, and MODIS imagery. Meanwhile, the iceberg's thickness change was measured using CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 altimetry. By combining these measurements, the iceberg's area, thickness, and volume change were determined.
Tommaso Parrinello, CryoSat Mission Manager at the European Space Agency, said:
"Our ability to study every move of the iceberg in such detail is thanks to advances in satellite techniques and the use of a variety of measurements. Imaging satellites record the location and shape of the iceberg and data from altimetry missions add a third dimension as they measure the height of surfaces underneath the satellites and can therefore observe how an iceberg melts."
Reference: "Observing the disintegration of the A68A iceberg from space" by A. Braakmann-Folgmann, A. Shepherd, L. Gerrish, J. Izzard and A. Ridout, 10 January 2022, Remote Sensing of Environment.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112855
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La révolution d'Orloff ou expédition des frères Orloff (, événements d'Orloff, , révolte du Péloponnèse) est un épisode de la guerre russo-turque qui opposa la Russie de Catherine II et l'Empire ottoman entre 1768 et 1774. Cet épisode révolutionnaire se déroula en Grèce, principalement dans le sud du Péloponnèse à partir du Magne et en mer Égée, dans les Cyclades. Elle est considérée comme un des prémices de la guerre d'indépendance grecque.

Le Xanthon Genos

Un certain nombre de légendes populaires à propos de la libération des Grecs et de la reconquête de Constantinople couraient aux .

Elles faisaient intervenir « Dieu et ses Saints guerriers » aux côtés des soldats grecs. Saint Georges et l'archange saint Michel principalement, précédés du prophète Élie sur son char de feu, les mèneraient à la victoire. La foudre frapperait les Ottomans ; les montagnes les écraseraient. le présage annonce également le retour du dernier Basileus, Constantin XI Paléologue, lors de l'arrivée à proximité de sa capitale des troupes chrétiennes. En effet, une autre légende racontait que lors de la prise de la ville, alors qu'il allait être tué par un Ottoman, il fut enlevé par les anges et transporté dans une caverne près de la Chrysoporta, la « Porte d'Or », une des nombreuses portes de la ville. Là, transformé en marbre, il attendrait le jour où les anges viendraient le délivrer. Le Marmaromenos Vassilias, l'« empereur de marbre », une fois réveillé, prendrait la tête du combat et chasserait les Ottomans de Constantinople. Il les poursuivrait ensuite pour les renvoyer définitivement à Kokkini Milia (le « Pommier Rouge »), le lieu mythique d'Asie centrale d'où ils seraient partis. Les guerriers grecs seraient aussi accompagnés dans ce combat d'un xanthon genos, d'un peuple de libérateurs blonds venus du Nord. C'est pour cela que les Grecs ont toujours cru que les Russes, seuls orthodoxes à n'être pas soumis ou vassaux des Ottomans, viendraient les aider à recouvrer leur liberté.

Une autre légende concernait une prophétie de Léon VI le Sage. Il aurait annoncé que Constantinople serait libérée 320 ans après avoir été conquise, soit en 1773.

La Russie qui cherchait un débouché sur une mer tempérée affrontait régulièrement l'Empire ottoman pour atteindre d'abord la mer Noire, voire la Méditerranée. Elle sut utiliser ces légendes grecques. Ainsi, Catherine II avait prénommé son petit-fils, qui devait lui succéder, Constantin. Elle avait également planifié l'avenir de toute la région dans son projet grec, prévoyant notamment la restauration de l'Empire byzantin. Aussi, lorsque les Russes attaquèrent les Ottomans en 1769, il sembla à certains Grecs évident que les légendes allaient devenir réalité et que les prophéties allaient se réaliser.

Les combats
En , les différends entre Russes et Ottomans autour de leurs ambitions respectives en Pologne amenèrent une guerre entre les deux empires.

Le comte Grégory Orloff, alors le favori de la Tsarine, avait noué des contacts avec des Grecs, principalement Gregori Papadopoulos, originaire de Thessalie. Papadopoulos avait rencontré à Kalamata un chef de guerre maniote de la famille Mavromichalis et des primats, des évêques et des klephtes. Il rapportait au comte Orloff une promesse écrite et signée d'un soulèvement de  Grecs si une escadre russe, apportant des armes, paraissait en Égée.

En , une flotte de sept vaisseaux de ligne, quatre frégates et des bâtiments de transport quittait Saint-Pétersbourg. Cette flotte était commandée par deux frères du comte Orlov : Fiodor et Alexeï. Elle se divisa en deux au niveau de Malte, Féodor allant chercher dans l'île l'aide des chevaliers de l'ordre de Malte, qui lui fut refusée. Alexis mouilla dans la baie de Coron et mit le siège à la ville. Les Grecs furent déçus de voir que les forces russes se limitaient à 800 hommes. Cependant, Mavromichalis souleva le Magne et Benáki la plaine de Kalamata. Les Ottomans se réfugièrent d'abord dans leurs places-fortes du Péloponnèse : Nauplie, Corinthe et Tripolizza.

Alexeï Orlov organisa deux troupes gréco-russes appelées légion occidentale de Sparte et légion orientale de Sparte. La première se dirigea vers l'Arcadie et Tripolizza et l'autre vers Mistra, qui fut conquise. Les Ottomans survivants et leur famille obtinrent le libre-passage. Une sorte de gouvernement provisoire fut installé à Mistra. Le siège de Coron ne donnant rien, la flotte russe alla s'abriter dans la baie de Navarin.

Plus au nord, Missolonghi et Patras s'étaient révoltées. La contre-attaque ottomane commença par ces villes.  Albanais musulmans furent utilisés par la Porte. Patras fut prise et incendiée. Tous les hommes en âge de porter les armes furent égorgés. À Tripolizza, des Grecs furent massacrés. Les troupes ottomanes rallièrent Coron, puis Modon, assiégée par les Russes, qui y laissèrent leur artillerie. Elle marchèrent ensuite sur le Magne. Mavromichalis et 400 Maniotes les rencontrèrent au défilé de Nysie, au sud-ouest de la plaine de Messénie. Cette bataille est considérée par les philhellènes comme les Thermopyles de cette insurrection.

Le siège fut mis à Navarin. Alexeï Orlov fut évacué en  par la seconde partie de l'escadre russe venue à son secours.

La flotte ottomane chercha à éviter l'affrontement avec la flotte russe. Elle se réfugia d'abord à Nauplie, puis entre Chios et la côte d'Asie mineure, en face de Tchesmé. L'affrontement eut lieu là le . La défaite ottomane fut totale, un seul navire ne fut pas coulé : il fut capturé. Les autres furent tous détruits, principalement grâce aux brûlots. La flotte russe alla parader devant Constantinople puis mit le siège à Lemnos. Il dura trois mois, puis les renforts ottomans obligèrent Alexis Orloff à évacuer.

La flotte russe alla hiverner dans la baie de Naoussa, au nord de l'île de Paros, dans les Cyclades. Touchée par une épidémie à l'été 1771, elle évacua la Grèce, abandonnant ses alliés.

Les conséquences en Grèce

Pour la Russie, l'expédition et la guerre eurent un résultat favorable, avec le traité de Koutchouk-Kaïnardji qui lui donna de nombreux avantages dans le Levant.

Le résultat fut plus mitigé pour les Grecs. Les récits des exactions vengeresses des Ottomans sont nombreuses : massacres, pillages, destructions des récoltes, arrachages des oliviers. Les mercenaires albanais, au lieu de repartir, décidèrent de rester sur place dans le Péloponnèse, dévastant le pays, si bien que les autorités ottomanes durent envoyer de nouvelles armées contre eux, et ne purent en venir à bout qu'après plusieurs campagnes.

François Pouqueville, dans son Histoire de la régénération des Grecs en 1824 parlait de « traite des Blancs » qui dura huit ans et « dépeupla le Péloponnèse ». Il en est de même dans l'Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem de Chateaubriand.

Cependant, les excès ottomans suscitèrent la fuite de nombreux Grecs. Cette émigration devint une diaspora qui entra en contact avec les idées nouvelles des Lumières et transforma l'idéologie nationale grecque. Cela déboucha sur la création de la Philiki Etairia puis la guerre d'indépendance grecque. Les îles furent comparativement épargnées par la vindicte ottomane et leur commerce, passé sous pavillon russe grâce au traité de Koutchouk-Kaïnardji, devint florissant. Les fortunes d'Hydra ou Psara trouvèrent là leur origine. La flotte et la richesse de ces îles furent déterminantes lors de la guerre d'indépendance grecque. La région du Magne obtint un statut de quasi-autonomie.

Notes

Bibliographie
 Wladimir Brunet de Presle et Alexandre Blanchet, Grèce depuis la conquête ottomane jusqu'à nos jours, Firmin Didot Frères, Paris, 1860.
 Richard Clogg, A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 1992.
 Georges Contogeorgis, Histoire de la Grèce, Coll. « Nations d'Europe », Hatier, 1992.

Histoire militaire de la Grèce contemporaine
Révolte en Grèce
Histoire militaire de la Russie
Guerre impliquant l'Empire ottoman
Révolte dans l'Empire ottoman
Grèce ottomane
Histoire du Péloponnèse
Histoire des Cyclades
Orloff
Relations entre la Grèce et la Russie
Guerre russo-turque de 1768-1774
1770 en Grèce ottomane
Rébellion du XVIIIe siècle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Dub žlázonosný (Quercus serrata, syn. Q. glandulifera) je opadavý strom dorůstající výšky 25 metrů. Pochází z Asie a v Česku je občas pěstován jako okrasný strom.

Popis
Dub žlázonosný je opadavý strom dorůstající výšky okolo 25 metrů. Koruna je mohutná, rozložitá. Borka je šedá až tmavě hnědočervená, mělce podélně rozpukaná. Listy jsou řapíkaté až téměř přisedlé, úzce vejčité, vejčitě kopinaté nebo obvejčité, 7 až 17 cm dlouhé a 3 až 9 cm široké, tence kožovité, v mládí lepkavé, svrchu tmavě zelené a lesklé, na rubu modravě zelené a hedvábitě chlupaté. Čepel listů je na okraji pilovitá, na bázi klínovitá až téměř zaokrouhlená, na vrcholu špičatá. Žilnatina je tvořena 7 až 12 páry postranních žilek. Řapíky jsou 5 až 15 mm dlouhé. Samičí květenství jsou 1,5 až 3 cm dlouhá. Žaludy jsou po 1 až 3 na krátkých stopkách, 1,7 až 2 cm dlouhé a 0,8 až 1,2 cm široké, z 1/4 až 1/3 kryté hustě měkce chlupatou číškou.

Rozšíření
Dub žlázonosný je přirozeně rozšířen v Číně, Japonsku a Koreji. Roste v opadavých lesích v nadmořských výškách 100 až 2000 metrů. Je to pomalu rostoucí dřevina, nevybíravá k typu půdy.

Taxonomie
V minulosti byly duby Quercus serrata a Quercus glandulifera brány jako 2 samostatné druhy, současná taxonomie rozlišuje pouze jeden druh, Quercus serrata.

Význam
Dub žlázonosný je v Česku poměrně zřídka pěstován jako okrasná a sbírková dřevina. Do Evropy byl zaveden v roce 1893. Je vysazen např. v Dendrologické zahradě v Průhonicích, Arboretu Kostelec nad Černými lesy a v Botanické zahradě a arboretu MU v Brně.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

Dub
Okrasné dřeviny
Flóra Číny
Flóra východní Asie
Málo dotčené stromy


We had been hoping to go to this small, but interesting, exhibit at the Penn Museum for some time, and got there this morning. Call this a brief detour in our "World Religions 101" rundown, but it felt important to ask; if this exhibit is portraying the wearing of amulets, and of rituals like not walking under ladders, or throwing salt over one's shoulder "magical thinking", how different was it for us to buy a pear for a big statue last Sunday at the Lunar New Year Celebration?
Claudia's opinion: somewhat different. Although she's not necessarily sure how. A lenticular postcard featuring a blinking Nefertiti was the high point of the visit for her, as far as her journal entry shows. For Béla, a collection of human skulls of various races.


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OUT OF MIND » CONSPIRACY THEORIES & ENDURING MYSTERIES » HISTORIES MYSTERIES » Medieval castle tower not seen for 450 years uncovered
Medieval castle tower not seen for 450 years uncovered
1 Medieval castle tower not seen for 450 years uncovered Thu Dec 23, 2021 11:43 am
Written by chroniclelive.co.uk
A team of archaeologists from Durham University have uncovered the remains of Auckland Castle's medieval tower that has not been seen for over 450 years.
The university's archaeology department worked in partnership with archaeologists and volunteers from the Auckland Project to uncover secrets beneath the lawns of County Durham's Auckland Castle near Bishop Auckland.
The team uncovered the cellar of a large tower thought to have been three or four stories high and dating back to the mid-1300s.
Supported by Durham University students, the team and volunteers also discovered the supports for a bridge and entryway into a medieval castle from the 1100s.
Professor Chris Gerrard from Durham University's Department of Archaeology said:
"We were delighted to find the striking steps of the tower, which have been remarkably well preserved. We also discovered the walls of the cellar, which includes the remaining of a ceiling, a barrel vault which would have curved over the heads of those standing on the medieval floor beneath.
We conducted substantial research on the sections found and were able to discover that the tower suffered a series of structural failures when the building had to be repaired due to collapse or subsidence.
The fascinating thing about Auckland Castle is that, until recent excavations, we didn't know much about its medieval layout.
The documentary sources are patchy for this period, and we only begin to find images of the site from the late 1600s. Through this excavation we have gained a huge amount of knowledge about the layout and extent of the medieval complex."
The project at Auckland Castle is one of the largest excavations of a bishop's house anywhere in Europe.
It is thought that the tower would have dominated the surrounding countryside, and would have been visible for miles around.
Durham University experts say it would have given the household a grandstand view of the landscape across the bishop's park, with its animals, fishponds, woodland and rivers.
Also uncovered in the dig were a number of interesting artefacts, including a jetton – or 'reckoning counter' – dating from 1350-80, which was found in one of the basement rooms of the tower.
Image: Alexander Jansen, Department of Archaeology, Durham University
It would have been used as a counter on a large board to help with addition and subtraction – a bit like a medieval abacus.
A silver penny from the reign of Henry VI was also discovered. The coin would have been minted by the Bishops of Durham between 1427-30, and would have paid for a gallon of ale or a couple of dozen eggs.
Dr Caroline Smith, an archaeologist working for The Auckland Project, added:
"This small coin tells a big story about how important and influential the Bishops of Durham were during the medieval period.
Most bishops did not have the same powers or freedoms as the Bishops of Durham, who could mint coins, levy armies and hold law courts alongside their religious role.
The jetton is also an important discovery as it not only tells us that the building was demolished sometime after the date of the coin, but it gives us a tangible connection to the people who would have controlled the acquisition and management of goods and resources at this site."
The tower and bridge discovered by the team at Durham University and The Auckland Project have since been reburied, in order to preserve their features.
John Castling, Archaeology and Social History Curator at The Auckland Project, adds:
"It's a site that has been welcoming visitors and impacting upon the local community for almost a millennium, and we've had hundreds of visitors stop and speak to us about what we're finding.
In some ways, it's a real shame that once we've completed the excavation work, we have to rebury them. But we have to balance the desire to show people the Castle's past alongside preserving the town's history. Once we've gained all the information we can from having these amazing finds exposed, we need to rebury them as if they remain exposed to the elements, the walls could start to collapse.
We're working towards being able to display information and objects from these excavations, so visitors will be able to see the results of our discoveries in years to come."
The excavations conducted by the team this year, form part of a wider project which previously exposed the lost late 13th century chapel of Bishop Bec.
The onsite work at Auckland is co-funded by the University of Durham, the Mick Aston Legacy Fund and The Auckland Project. It has been undertaken by Archaeological Services Durham University, Durham University Archaeology department, The Auckland Project and Auckland Castle volunteers. Further work will continue at the site in 2022.
See more here: chroniclelive.co.uk
https://principia-scientific.com/medieval-castle-tower-not-seen-for-450-years-uncovered/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email
Thanks to: https://principia-scientific.com
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MISSION/GOALS
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Liane gave a lecture recently at the University of Cambridge to participants of the Interdisciplinary Design for the Built Environment (IDBE) part-time Masters Degree. The course is offered jointly by the Departments of Architecture and Engineering and is aimed at encouraging collaboration between professionals across different built environment disciplines.
Focussed on the production of the built environment it challenges participants to explore and develop the critical thinking and leadership needed to grapple with how we are to meet the competing economic, social and environmental demands of future urban growth. You can find out more about how to participate in future courses here.
The course involves a series of residential weeks where participants undergo an intense programme of activity including seminars, lectures and workshops that help them to produce a personal and group project.
Liane took part in the most recent residential week in July which was themed around "Design for Survival – The challenge of 2050 is now". The week was hosted by Stephen Hill, C20 futureplanners (Decarbonising city planning); and fellow lecturers (and lectures) included Dr. Nicola Headlam, University of Liverpool (Not all cities can be…or need to be on steroids – Lessons from cities that aren't London); Andrea Gibbons, LSE, and Editorial Board 'City' Journal (Disruptive Citizens: community organising for a right to the city); and Chris Brown, CEO igloo regeneration ('Can commercial development ever be genuinely ethical?').
Liane's lecture was titled "Planning for Comfortable Chaos – examining the tension between rational planning and social construction of public space". It was designed to challenge our very basic concepts and notions around how we plan and conceive places and cities in such a seemingly rational way, despite humans and cities being inherently irrational, messy, chaotic and unpredictable.
The key idea for the lecture centered on a problem: that the act of planning and designing our places and cities is divorced from the act of living and experiencing them.
At Mend, we are interested in how we make place and urban experience; and the future role people as citizens and professionals will have in planning our cities in an increasingly, disruptive, DIY and social world. "Comfortable chaos" serves as a unifying principle for the way we think cities and our relationship with them are.
What do we think about when we think about cities, urban and place?
How do we make urban space and why do we do it that way?
Who and what do we make cities for?
Using examples and references from the likes of Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, Edward Soja, Colin Ward, Jane Jacobs, Richard Sennett, Christopher Alexander and Nassim Taleb she pointed to how disruption, disorder, chaos, mess, flux, randomness, the unplanned and unfinished are intensely feared in planning.
Far from fearing and trying to contain mess or the unplanned, Liane argues that mess is a sign of life and indicator for how places and spaces are really, actually used and signposts to ways in which we want to live in and use them in the future. Encouraging spontaneity and the unplanned in planning enables a more honest and emergent process of city building, towards authentic places that are made by the people that actually use them and sparking new forms of citizenship for making that happen.
Planning becomes a process for controlling and managing our urban environments as 3D containers for our social lives. When it should be about using our social lives to inform the design and development of our urban environments.
Liane makes the point that planning is a physical process with social outcomes; but if it was a social process with physical outcomes we would have better places.
Liane is convinced that the future of our cities is social and that trends in the DIY or emergent city, peer to peer markets, disruptive solutions, active citizens and smart data is conspiring to influence the way me make cities and produce urban environment to to be much more DIY, citizen-led and social too.
Disruption, far from being negative incursion should be seen as an on-going and positive process of tweaking, playing and hacking convention and mainstream for innovative new ideas. The ability for people to come up with their own ideas and things is made ever more possible and accessible, rendering business, state and organisation as mass enabler not sole provider.
Yet the planning system we have lags behind this and remains to be underpinned by concepts that's seek to reduce the city to a commodity of easily sortable and separate component parts; the complexity of the relationships between them and how humans, and their relationships and behaviours interact, is totally lost.
As users we should be influencing our environments as much as users are integral and vital to the design of virtual environments. Cities are social networks and need to be conceived as such. In doing so, we create spaces that are more responsive, relevant and real and therefore more sustainable, equitable and exciting to be in.


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text:
Malik Bendjelloul (né le  à Ystad en Suède et mort le  à Solna, banlieue nord de Stockholm) est un acteur, réalisateur et documentariste suédois.

Biographie
Né d'un père algérien et d'une mère suédoise, Malik Bendjelloul a été un enfant-acteur dans les années 1990.

En 2012, il réalise le documentaire Sugar Man pour lequel il obtiendra l'Oscar du meilleur film documentaire en 2013.

Il se suicide le .

Filmographie
Ayant surtout réalisé des  documentaires sur des musiciens, il a notamment dans sa filmographie un film sur le groupe avant-gardiste électronique Kraftwerk ainsi qu'une série documentaire sur l'histoire du heavy metal. Malik Bendjelloul a aussi collaboré avec des artistes renommés tel que Madonna, Elton John ou Sting.

Sugar Man
En 2006, Malik Bendjelloul quitte son emploi à la télévision suédoise pour se rendre en Afrique en quête d'une histoire dont il pourrait faire un film. Au Cap, il rencontre le disquaire Stephen "Sugar" Segerman qui lui raconte l'histoire de l'artiste Sixto Díaz Rodríguez, chanteur américain oublié des années 1970, qui ignorait son succès en Afrique du Sud.

Initialement, ce film devait être un documentaire de 30 minutes pour la télévision. Mais en entendant les chansons de Sixto Rodriguez, Malik Bendjelloul décide d'en faire un film.

Le film a été terminé par Malik Bendjelloul dans des conditions matérielles très difficiles. Le réalisateur s'est mis à peindre pour faire les animations alors qu'il n'avait jamais peint. Il a composé la bande originale du film. Puis il a finalement monté seul son film en utilisant le logiciel Final Cut.

Il est finalement récompensé par le franc succès du film qui remporte de nombreux prix dans les festivals internationaux:
 prix spécial du jury et prix du public au festival du film de Sundance 2012 (édition n°28)
 meilleur documentaire du British Academy Film Awards 2013 (édition n°66)
 meilleur scénario de documentaire du Writers Guild of America Awards 2013 (édition n°65)
 meilleur film documentaire du Producers Guild of America Awards 2013 (édition n°24)
 Oscar du meilleur film documentaire de l'Academy Awards 2013 (édition n°85)

Acteur
 1990 :

Réalisateur
 2012 : Sugar Man.

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1977
Naissance à Ystad
Réalisateur suédois
Décès en mai 2014
Décès à Stockholm
Décès à 36 ans
Suicide en Suède
Suicide par précipitation en Suède


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text:
Gåxsjö distrikt är ett distrikt i Strömsunds kommun och Jämtlands län. Distriktet ligger omkring Gåxsjö i norra Jämtland.

Tidigare administrativ tillhörighet
Distriktet inrättades 2016 och utgörs av socknen Gåxsjö i Strömsunds kommun.

Området motsvarar den omfattning Gåxsjö församling hade 1999/2000.

Tätorter och småorter
I Gåxsjö distrikt finns inga tätorter eller småorter.

Referenser

Noter

Indelningar i Strömsunds kommun
distrikt i Jämtlands län


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text:
Q: Replacing recursion within for loop with Stream I am having trouble to replace a for loop which contains recursive call with Stream. The code is about generating proper divisors of a given number when the prime factors of that number is known. The algorithm is taken from here, where it is depicted in an image. This is a part my code for demonstration purpose and it is runnable:
public class Demo {

    private static void generateDivisorsTraditional(int start, long lastFactor, Multiset<Long> primeFactors, Set<Long> divisors) {
        for (int i = start; i < primeFactors.elementSet().size(); i++) {
            long prime = Iterables.get(primeFactors.elementSet(), i);
            int count = primeFactors.count(prime);
            ++start;

            for (int c = 0; c <= count; c++) {
                long factor = ArithmeticUtils.pow(prime, c);
                divisors.add(lastFactor * factor);
                generateDivisorsTraditional(start, lastFactor * factor, primeFactors, divisors);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void generateDivisorsStream(int start, long lastFactor, Multiset<Long> primeFactors, Set<Long> divisors) {
        IntStream.range(start, primeFactors.elementSet().size())
                .forEach((int i) -> {
                    long prime = Iterables.get(primeFactors.elementSet(), i);
                    int count = primeFactors.count(prime);
                    final int begin = start + 1;

                    IntStream.range(0, count + 1)
                            .forEach((int c) -> {
                                long factor = ArithmeticUtils.pow(prime, c);
                                divisors.add(lastFactor * factor);
                                generateDivisorsStream(begin, lastFactor * factor, primeFactors, divisors);
                            });
                });
    }

    private static void testTraditional(Multiset<Long> primeFactors) {
        Set<Long> divisors = new TreeSet<>();
        generateDivisorsTraditional(0, 1, primeFactors, divisors);
        System.out.println("Traditional=> " + divisors);
    }

    private static void testStream(Multiset<Long> primeFactors) {
        Set<Long> divisors = new TreeSet<>();
        generateDivisorsStream(0, 1, primeFactors, divisors);
        System.out.println("Stream=> " + divisors);
    }

    private static void testStream1(Multiset<Long> primeFactors) {
        Set<Long> divisors = new TreeSet<>();
        new Inner().generateDivisorsStream(1, primeFactors, divisors);
        System.out.println("Stream1=> " + divisors);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Test number: 10");
        Multiset<Long> primeFactors = TreeMultiset.create();
        primeFactors.add(2L);
        primeFactors.add(5L);

        testTraditional(primeFactors);
        testStream(primeFactors);
        testStream1(primeFactors);

        System.out.println();

        System.out.println("Test number: 90");
        primeFactors = TreeMultiset.create();
        primeFactors.add(2L);
        primeFactors.add(3L);
        primeFactors.add(3L);
        primeFactors.add(5L);

        testTraditional(primeFactors);
        testStream(primeFactors);
        testStream1(primeFactors);
    }

    private static class Inner {
        private int start = 0;

        private void generateDivisorsStream(long lastFactor, Multiset<Long> primeFactors, Set<Long> divisors) {
            IntStream.range(start, primeFactors.elementSet().size())
                    .forEach((int i) -> {
                        long prime = Iterables.get(primeFactors.elementSet(), i);
                        int count = primeFactors.count(prime);
                        ++start;

                        IntStream.range(0, count + 1)
                                .forEach((int c) -> {
                                    long factor = ArithmeticUtils.pow(prime, c);
                                    divisors.add(lastFactor * factor);
                                    generateDivisorsStream(lastFactor * factor, primeFactors, divisors);
                                });
                    });
        }
    }
}

The output it is generating is:
Test number: 10
Traditional=> [1, 2, 5, 10]
Stream=> [1, 2, 5, 10, 25]
Stream1=> [1, 2, 5]

Test number: 90
Traditional=> [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, 90]
Stream=> [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 25, 27, 30, 45, 50, 75, 81, 90, 125, 135, 225, 405]
Stream1=> [1, 2, 3, 5, 9]

As the name suggests the method generateDivisorsTraditional uses traditional for loop and within which I have a recursive call to the same method. The method generateDivisorsStream uses IntStream.range() to mimic the for loop.
I am suspecting the instructions ++start; and final int begin = start + 1; of generateDivisorsTraditional and generateDivisorsStream respectively are making some differences. I also have tried to use final int begin = start + 1; instead of ++start; in generateDivisorsTraditional and have found that it has started generating wrong result. I have also another variant in the inner class Inner which is also producing wrong output.
I am wondering why this is not behaving the way it is suppose to behave? What is the mistake I have made?

A: I think there are some mistakes:
private static void generateDivisorsTraditional(int start, long lastFactor, Multiset<Long> primeFactors, Set<Long> divisors) {
    for (int i = start; i < primeFactors.elementSet().size(); i++) {
        long prime = Iterables.get(primeFactors.elementSet(), i);
        int count = primeFactors.count(prime);
        // ++start; remove it

        for (int c = 0; c <= count; c++) {
            long factor = ArithmeticUtils.pow(prime, c);
            divisors.add(lastFactor * factor);
            generateDivisorsTraditional(i+1, lastFactor * factor, primeFactors, divisors); // replaced start -> i+1
        }
    }
}

private static void generateDivisorsStream(int start, long lastFactor, Multiset<Long> primeFactors, Set<Long> divisors) {
    IntStream.range(start, primeFactors.elementSet().size())
            .forEach((int i) -> {
                long prime = Iterables.get(primeFactors.elementSet(), i);
                int count = primeFactors.count(prime);
                IntStream.range(0, count + 1)
                        .forEach((int c) -> {
                            long factor = ArithmeticUtils.pow(prime, c);
                            divisors.add(lastFactor * factor);
                            generateDivisorsStream(i+1, lastFactor * factor, primeFactors, divisors);
                        });
            });
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Multiset<Long> m = HashMultiset.create();
    m.add(1L, 1);
    m.add(2L, 1);
    m.add(5L, 1);
    Set<Long> divisors = new HashSet<>();
    generateDivisorsTraditional(1, 1, m, divisors);
    System.out.println("Traditional=> "+divisors);
    divisors = new HashSet<>();
    generateDivisorsStream(1, 1, m, divisors);
    System.out.println("Stream=> "+divisors);
}

It prints:
Traditional=> [1, 2, 5, 10]
Stream=> [1, 2, 5, 10]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Encourage your creativity and inspiration and have initiative is critical to start your company. Follow the tips below, posted on mujeres.info, so you can start your own business and achieve excellent professional development.
I wrote a thousand ideas that you have about possible projects that you would like to carry out to subsequently consolidate your invisible initiative things.
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Opting for bank loans or government institutions that provide loans is a great alternative to consolidate your business.
The first thing you should know about it is that it just does not exist. What you are looking for you will not find it, and that is why it has cost you so much to give the right idea.
Forget perfection: your business idea does not have to be the best. It has to be right for the time of your life that you are living. Perfection does not exist and complicates your experience when it comes to any project. Time is worth gold so run and change things on the fly.
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The American Association of University Women (AAUW) invites applications for 2019-2020 International Fellowships. AAUW's International Fellowship program has been in existence since 1917. The program provides support for women pursuing full-time graduate or postdoctoral study in the United States who are not U.S. citizens or permanent residents. A limited number of awards are available for study outside of the United States (excluding the applicant's home country) to women who are members of Graduate Women International.
Up to five International Fellowships for master's/first professional degrees will be renewable for a second year; renewal instructions will be provided to fellows during their fellowship year.
Preference is given to women who show prior commitment to the advancement of women and girls through civic, community, or professional work.
International Fellowships are not open to previous recipients of any AAUW national fellowship or grant (not including branch or local awards or Community Action Grants). Members and officers of the AAUW Board of Directors are not eligible to apply for fellowships and grant awards. AAUW staff or volunteers with decision-making authority who wish to apply for an award must recuse themselves from the decision-making process.
Have citizenship in a country other than the United States or possession of a nonimmigrant visa if residing in the United States. Women holding dual citizenship in the United States and another country or who are permanent legal residents of the United States are not eligible.
Hold an academic degree (earned in the United States or abroad) equivalent to a U.S. bachelor's degree completed by September 30, 2017.
Be proficient in English. Unless the applicant can verify that her native language is English, that she received her secondary diploma or undergraduate degree from an English-speaking institution, or that she will have completed one semester of full-time study in her discipline at an English-speaking college or university between October 2015 and September 30, 2017 (transcript required for validation), she must upload a recent ETS TOEFL* (Test of English as a Foreign Language) score (no older than December 2015). Institutional TOEFL scores and other English proficiency test scores (such as IELTS) will not be accepted. Minimum score acceptable: 550 for Paper-Based Test (TOEFL PBT); 79 for Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT); 60 for Revised TOEFL Paper-Delivered Test.
Master's/first professional degree and doctoral applicants must have applied by December 1, 2017, to an accredited institution of study for the period of the fellowship year and must indicate the name of the institution in the International Fellowship application.
Postdoctoral applicants must provide proof of their doctorate degree; hold a doctorate classified as a research degree (e.g., Ph.D., Ed.D., D.B.A., D.M.) or an M.F.A. by December 1, 2017; and indicate where they will conduct their research.
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text:
HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Documents of international organizations
Anti-Corruption Center
Comparison of countries
110 out of 180
0,49 out of 1
6,41 out of 10
The United Nations (UN)
The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
GRECO's member since 2001.
The Council of Europe's Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
The Council of Europe's Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
The fourth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
Member of the FATF since 1991.
Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Criminal Code: Articles 164-164/b, 244-245/1, 248, 257-260, 287, 287/b, 319-319/e and 328/a
(Kodi Penal: Nenet 164-164/b, 244-245/1, 248, 257-260, 287, 287/b, 319-319/e, 328/a), (Albanian - amended 2021), (English - amended 2017);
Law No. 9049 of April 10, 2003 «On the Declaration of and Control over the Assets and Financial Obligations of Elected Persons and Other Public Officials»
(Ligj Nr.9049, datë 10.4.2003 Për deklarimin dhe kontrollin e pasurive, të detyrimeve financiare të të zgjedhurve dhe të disa nëpunësve publikë), (Albanian);
Law No. 9131 of September 8, 2003 «On the Rules of Ethics in Public Administration»
(Ligj Nr.9131, datë 8.9.2003 Per rregullat e etikes ne administraten publike), (Albanian);
Law No. 9367 of April 7, 2005 «On the Prevention of Conflicts of Interest in the Exercise of Public Functions»
(Ligj Nr. 9367, datë 7.04.2005, Për parandalimin e konfliktit të interesave në ushtrimin e funksioneve publike),(Albanian), (English);
Law No. 152/2013 of October 1, 2013 «On Civil Service»
(Ligj Nr.152/2013, datë 1.10.2013 Për nëpunësin civil), (Albanian)
Criminal Code: Articles 159, 159a, 235-238, 386, 394-396
(Ποινικού Κώδικα: Άρθρο 159, 159a, 235-238, 386, 394-396), (Greek);
Law No. 2725 of 1999 «Amateur and Professional Sports and Other Provisions», Article 132
(Νόμος v. 2725/1999. Ερασιτεχνικός και επαγγελματικός αθλητισμός και άλλες διατάξεις, Άρθρο 132), (Greek);
Law No. 3213 of 2003 «Declaration and audit of the assets of members of parliament, public officials and servants, mass media owners and other categories of individuals»
(Νόμος ν. 3213/2003 Δήλωση και έλεγχος περιουσιακής κατάστασης βουλευτών, δημόσιων λειτουργών και υπαλλήλων, ιδιοκτητών μέσων μαζικής ενημέρωσης και άλλων κατηγοριών προσώπων), (Greek);
Law No. 3528 of 2007 «Ratifying the Code of Conduct for Public Administrative Employees»
(Νόμος ν. 3528/2007 Κύρωση του Κώδικα Κατάστασης Δημοσίων Πολιτικών Διοικητικών Υπαλλήλων και Υπαλλήλων Ν.Π.Δ.Δ.), (Greek).
Anti-Corruption Bodies
Special Prosecutor's Office of Albania
(Prokuroria e Posaçme), (Albanian);
National Bureau of Investigation
(Byroja Kombëtare e Hetimit), (Albanian);
Specialized Courts Against Corruption and Organized Crime
(Gjykata e Posaçme për Korrupsionin dhe Krimin e Organizuar), (Albanian);
General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Albania
(Prokuroria e Përgjithshme), (Albanian);
High Inspectorate of Declaration and Audit of Assets and Conflicts of Interest
(Inspektoriati i Lartë i Deklarimit dhe Kontrollit të Pasurive dhe Konfliktit të Interesave), (Albanian), (English);
Anti-Corruption Agency
(Agjencia Kundër Korrupsionit), (Albanian), (English);
Agency for the Administration of Seized and Confiscated Assets
(Agjencia e Administrimit të Pasurive të Sekuestruara dhe të Konfiskuara), (Albanian/English).
Financial Crime Department of the Athens Appellate Prosecutor's Office
(Τμήμα Οικονομικού Εγκλήματος της Εισαγγελίας Εφετών Αθηνών), (Greek);
Secretariat-General for Countering Corruption, Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights
(Εθνική Αρχή Διαφάνειας στο πλαίσιο του Υπουργείου Δικαιοσύνης, Διαφάνειας και Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων), (Greek).
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The University Mentorship Program matches up small groups of first-year students with one upper-level peer mentor and one faculty/staff mentor. As a peer mentor or a faculty/staff mentor, you will have the opportunity to connect to first year students and serve as a role model.
Peer Mentors are undergraduate students (sophomores, juniors, and seniors) who volunteer to offer advice, respond to questions, and provide information about campus and community resources to incoming freshmen (mentees). Peers represent all academic departments across the U-M.
Peer mentors coordinate a small mentorship group of 6-8 incoming freshmen and are paired with one faculty or staff mentor. Mentorship groups are invited to attend an array of pre-planned events by our staff.
Peer Mentors are matched with faculty and staff mentors based on information received in their applications. We also have many F/S Mentors and Peer Mentors who have met previously and choose to mentor together. Mentorship provides a great opportunity for students to get to know a faculty or staff person outside of a classroom or work setting.
The Peer Mentor works collaboratively with their Faculty/Staff (F/S) Mentor to provide support and encouragement to assigned Mentees and is supported by an assigned Communication Coordinator. Our goal is to create memorable and enriching experiences for each Mentee, whether through group activities or one-on-one interactions.
A typical Peer Mentor will spend 12-18 hours a month on Mentorship related activities.
Applications for 2019 Peer Mentors are now closed. Applications for Fall 2020 peer mentor positions will be posted in December 2019.
Only online applications will be accepted. Peer Mentors are undergraduate students only (rising sophomores, juniors and seniors).
Graduate students are ineligible to be Peer Mentors, but can apply to be faculty/staff mentors. We do not offer mentoring to graduate students.
Serving as a Peer Mentor is a valuable form of service that directly impacts the University community. By volunteering your time, energy and knowledge about college life, you contribute enormously to the success of the entering class by helping them become acclimated and integrated into the University community!
Non-judgmental support from someone who takes a special interest in them.
Mentor of the Month/ Mentor of the Year nomination Mentees and Mentors are invited to complete monthly nominations to highlight the good work of mentors! Gifts are given to the recipients of the best nominations. Click here to see this year's award recipients.
Mentors-only Events occur during fall semester to support mentors--we have a workshop just for mentors in late September!
Want to learn more about becoming a Peer Mentor? Attend the 2019 Mass Meeting! You'll learn more about our expectations for Mentors, how the program works, and our activities! Mass meetings are 1-hour long.
Monday, December 2nd 2019 in the Student Activities Building (Suite 2011) from 6pm-7pm.
Can't make it to the mass meeting? Email UMMentor@umich.edu to ask for information.
February | First round status letters emailed to applicants. Applicants who pass the first round will be invited for an in-person interview with our staff upon receiving acceptance.
Those accepted for interviews will sign up for a specific time where 2 Communication Coordinators will interview each Peer Mentor.
March | Final status emailed to interviewees.
The training is essential for the success of mentors and allows you to meet the other mentors in your core and participate in workshops to prepare you for your experience as a mentor. Lunch provided.
By mid-June, Mentors will be informed of the mentees in their groups. Once this is received, mentors should contact their mentees and, if possible, plan to meet prior to the Kickoff event in September.


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The Caymanian Compass submitted requests for travel expenses to each ministry and portfolio (as well as the Cabinet Office) under the Freedom of Information Law near the end of 2012.
Because the ministries provided information with varying levels of detail – for instance, the purposes of expenditures sometimes became less specific in regard to the 2005-2009 People's Progressive Movement government – it is difficult to directly compare spending amounts across different ministries and governments.
However, the expenses associated with ministers (and in most cases their travel companions) are as follows: Mr. Bush ($1 million), Premier Juliana O'Connor-Connolly ($200,000), Leader of the Opposition Alden McLaughlin ($170,000), East End representative Arden McLean ($130,000), Deputy Premier Rolston Anglin ($130,000), Bodden Town representative Mark Scotland ($110,000), George Town representative Mike Adam ($23,000), Bodden Town representative Anthony Eden ($17,000) and Mr. Tibbetts ($15,000).
The $23,000 associated with Mr. Adams' travel includes 13 trips by Mr. Adam, as well as one trip to Florida in January by Bodden Town legislator Dwayne Seymour, who took charge of the Ministry of Community Affairs, Gender and Housing in December 2012.
The Ministry of Tourism did not provide a precise expenditure amount for travel by former Tourism Minister Charles Clifford (now an independent candidate for Bodden Town), but did send a table showing that official travel for the entire ministry from 11 May, 2005, to 30 June, 2009, totalled $4.6 million. That amount includes expenses for all of the ministry's civil servants as well as Mr. Clifford. The ministry did not provide information about travel destinations or purposes during that time period.
Even though the Compass did not request expenses for civil servants, the Ministry of Education also provided totals for all official travel in addition to ministers' trips.
From 11 May, 2005, to 19 May, 2009, (then under Mr. McLaughlin), the Ministry of Education, Training, Employment, Youth, Sports and Culture spent $1.7 million on travel – including $170,000 for Mr. McLaughlin alone, $220,000 for Chief Officer Angela Martins and $1.3 million for other civil servants.
From 20 May, 2009, to 28 February, 2013, Mr. Anglin's Ministry of Education spent $470,000 on travel – including $43,000 on Mr. Anglin alone, $32,000 for Chief Officer Mary Rodrigues and $400,000 for other civil servants.
In addition the information provided by the ministries, the Cabinet Office supplied information on $240,000 in travel expenses for officials to attend meetings in Cayman Brac, the UK and elsewhere. More than $49,000 in expenses is associated with travel to the UK in early 2009 for constitutional talks.
Overall, some ministries categorised expenses according to individual trips and purposes, such as hotel, airfare, food/drink and per diem payments.
Of the categorised expenses, about $445,000 was spent on hotels; about $487,000 was spent on airfare; and $117,000 was spent on food/drink and per diem payments.
As would be expected, much of the ministers' travel is to the Sister Islands, Caribbean jurisdictions, the UK and the US. However, fling a dart at a map of the world and there's a good chance it'll hit somewhere near to where a Caymanian official has been in the past eight years.
Officials have travelled to the following destinations: Abu Dhabi, Anguilla, Antigua, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bali, Barbados, Belize, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Canada, China, Cuba, Curacao, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Dubai, Falkland Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greenland, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jersey, Kenya, Mexico, New Caledonia, Panama, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Sweden, Taiwan, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, UK and US.
The reasons given for trips vary. They include: athletic functions, meetings with UK and/or overseas territories officials, conferences, seminars, document signings, inspections of facilities (such as detention centres), and events to mark the openings of new Cayman Airways routes.
The Compass submitted its Freedom of Information requests near the end of 2012. The Ministry of Community Affairs, Gender and Housing was the first to supply records 25 January. The three portfolios responded fairly quickly that they did not have any records of travel expenses on behalf of elected officials.
The only entity who has not provided information in response to the request is the Financial Services arm of the Ministry of Finance, Tourism and Development formerly under Mr. Bush, now part of Mr. Anglin's Ministry of Education, Financial Services and Employment. On 12 April, the Compass appealed the non-response to the Information Commissioner's Office.
These guys must certainly travel in style. There should be a committee setup that civil servants have to submit the travel plans to for approval before taking the trips. If they are not approved they would have to option of footing the bill themselves. Watch how much the spending would go down then..
I was shocked, I honestly thought there had to be at least some visits to Alcatraz and St. Helena. Maybe soon come?
Government officials who have traveled at the expense of the public have put new meaning into the term happy hour.
Bring back the good old days and have these bureaucratic parasites walk the plank. It never stops when public money is involved for the taking.
Most of the expenses must have came from the dining and accomodations of these officials.
One thing I must say may have been worth the travel, was meetings with Doctor Shetty in India and travels to the UK to meet the FCO ministers. But to think of 1000000 dollars…..
That is a huge figure.
Patrick, nice mapping widget, much appreciated, very insightful and a much nicer way to read the information. I, in fact, did not read the article, I just clicked about on the map for far too long!
The saying used to be Join the Navy and see the world, in Cayman it appears to be Join the government and see the world.
I have no problem with the concept of travelling for official business but most entities demand accountability and have policies and procedures in place for their employees that travel on business. I wonder what policies and oversight exists for the ministries.
The raw numbers are pretty meaningless. Context is everything. The important information is the purpose for these trips and what was achieved as a result. There is no problem with a minister spending a million bucks on flying off an a trip in a private jet, if he brings back a billion dollar investment. Equally, if the trip served no practical purpose beyond an agreeable break for the ministers and officials in question, then flying in the baggage hold of an aeroflot rust-bucket would be an unnecessary extravagance.
I'm guessing from the lack of good news on the investment and economic front over the last few years, that most of this expenditure falls into the latter category.
Well, it's your money they've been spending people, so bear it in mind when these people ask you to vote for them again next month.
4.6 million in 4 years on travel? How many civil servants in that Ministry? Must be hundreds!


Our first Proms Feature looks at four very different composers, from four different eras, each with a very different take on the Pastoral. Beethoven and Vaughan Williams are two, of course, but who are the other two?
Take a look at our Nature at the Proms page to find out.


Brittany Danisch is a senior program manager for the National Democratic Institute's citizen participation team.
In most countries, elections, even imperfect ones, provide channels for citizens to influence the political process in profound ways, beyond the act of voting. While casting a ballot allows citizens to express their dissatisfaction with their elected leaders by removing them from office, often enough, the new representatives do not perform much better than their predecessors. Fortunately, voting is only one way that citizens can use elections to influence decisionmaking on public policy and service delivery.


Home > China Culture&News > What's in a Chinese Name?
Every Chinese person's name is made up of a surname 姓 and a given name 名. As an example, with the name Ai Wei Wei 艾未未, the surname 艾 (Ai) comes first, and the given name 未未 (Wei Wei) last.
Surnames are usually inherited from the father and are monosyllabic, that is, they use one character. Given names usually have two syllables, and thus, two characters. Although the character used in a surname has a meaning, it is mainly seen as an honor to the family of the father. On the other hand, the two characters used for given names often contain inner meanings.
Chinese children's given names are usually chosen by their parents, with the meaning being highly significant. While Western parents generally choose a common name, such as Mary or John, in China, the naming of a child is a creative process.
Traditionally, there are two considerations when creating a given name. First, a name often expresses the parent's emotions and hopes for the child. Secondly, the given name signifies the virtues the parent's want to see in the child as they grow and develop into an adult. These can refer to compassion, justice, honesty, learned, and trustworthiness.
Virtues are somewhat different for boys and girls. Examples of boy's names include 洪志 (Hong Zhi) grand wishes, 中正 (Zhong Zheng) righteous, 家辉 (Jia Hui) family bright, and 大勇 (Da Yong) big brave.
Girl's names frequently refer to refinement and purity, and often take the names of flowers or jewels. For example, 秀莲 (Xiu Lian) lotus, 清涟 (Qing Lian) pure spring, 家璐 (Jia Lu) family jade, and 愛珠 (Ai Zhu) loving pearl.
Given names are often chosen so siblings share identical elements in their names. In other words, they share one common character in their two character names. For example, four brothers may have the names 培仁 (Pei Ren), 培义 (Pei Yi), 培礼 (Pei Li), and 培信 (Pei Xin). For sisters, the names may be 秀云 (Xiu Yun), 秀玲 (Xiu Ling), 秀兰 (Xiu Lan), and 秀楣 (Xiu Mei).
Westerners have been known to take Chinese names in different ways. One way is a syllable-by-syllable transliteration of sounds. An example would be 安娜.阿姆史特朗 for Anna Armstrong and 欧巴马 for Barack Obama.
Another way is by the creation of a natural-sounding Chinese name according to the sound of the Western name. For example, Dwight David Eisenhower could be given the name 艾森豪 (Ai Sen Hao), where Ai is a common Chinese surname and Sen Hao translates into grand heroic.
A third way is to choose a Chinese surname based on the Western surname, but then combined with a meaningful given name. For example, J. K. Fairbank is given 费正清 (Fei Zheng Qing), where 费 is a surname and the given name 正清 means righteous purity.


text:
Image credit: The Guardian
YIKES! Biden Unveils His New COVID-19 Restrictions
The Democratic party is about to tear itself apart.
Now that the Democrats think President-elect Joe Biden has won the presidency, they will be fighting harder than ever amongst themselves to push through some of their radical agendas.
Just today, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) fired back at Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) after he criticized her for being more active on Twitter than actually doing any work.
According to Breitbart, an angry Ocasio-Cortez fired back at Manchin and stated, "I find it amusing when politicians try to diminish the seriousness of our policy work, movement organizing & grassroots fundraising to 'she just tweets,' as though 'serious' politics is only done by begging corporate CEOs for money through wax-sealed envelopes delivered by raven."
Issues began between Manchin and AOC last month when Manchin spoke out against the "Defund the Police" movement and AOC responded with an image of her staring viciously at Manchin when he was unaware.
https://t.co/4D4LVOyYhc pic.twitter.com/MwNIc41Szj
Former President Barack Obama recently came out and endorsed AOC and told Democrats to be more accepting of her radical ideas.
Then, strangely enough Rep. Ilhan Omar attempted to pick a fight with Obama and said "Defund the Police" wasn't just a slogan it was a demand after Obama said the idea was too radical.
We lose people in the hands of police. It's not a slogan but a policy demand. And centering the demand for equitable investments and budgets for communities across the country gets us progress and safety. https://t.co/Vu6inw4ms7
— Ilhan Omar (@IlhanMN) December 2, 2020
We're not sure how much worse this battle will get between Manchin and AOC. However, one thing is for sure. Pelosi is in store for some HELL by trying to deal with "The Squad" in the House which has already lost several important seats to Republicans giving Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, Tlaib, and Pressley a lot of power among Democrats.
Will AOC Take Over The Democratic Party?
And the liberal media continues to push their lies to the American…
Melania Trump Comes Under Fire
You won't believe what was said.


text:
package edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.layout.prefuseComponents;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;

import edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.graph.base.NodeBase;
import edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.graph.common.INode;
import edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.layout.common.Base2DCoordinateLayoutComponent;
import edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.layout.common.ILayoutComponent;
import edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.visualization.VisualProperty;

/**
 * The abstract {@link BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent} class provides
 * common functionality of all @{link IPrefuseTreeLayoutComponent
 * IPrefuseTreeLayoutComponents} based on the {@link prefuse Prefuse} toolkit.
 * <p>
 * Notably, it provides the mechanics for setting the root {@link INode Node} of
 * the layout.
 *
 * @author Peter J. Radics
 * @version 0.1
 *
 */
@XmlType(name = "BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent")
public abstract class BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent
        extends BasePrefuseCoordinateLayoutComponent
        implements IPrefuseTreeLayoutComponent {

    @XmlElement(name = "RootNode", type = NodeBase.class)
    private final INode rootNode;

    /**
     * Returns the name of this {@link ILayoutComponent}.
     *
     * @return the name.
     */
    public static String name() {

        return "Prefuse 2D Tree Coordinate Layout Component";
    }

    /**
     * Returns the description of this {@link ILayoutComponent}.
     *
     * @return the description.
     */
    public static String description() {

        return "Provides coordinates for at most two of the X, Y, or Z "
                + "components of a node.";
    }

    /**
     * Returns the capabilities (the set of {@link VisualProperty
     * VisualProperties} that can be provided) of this {@link ILayoutComponent}.
     *
     * @return the capabilities.
     */
    public static Set<VisualProperty> capabilities() {

        return Base2DCoordinateLayoutComponent.capabilities();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of the
     * {@link BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent} class. (Serialization
     * Constructor).
     */
    public BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent() {

        this(null, null, false, null, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of the
     * {@link BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent} class. It sets the
     * description and name to the provided values and optionally appends it
     * with a random number.
     *
     * @param name
     *            the name of the layout component.
     * @param description
     *            the description of the layout component.
     * @param randomizeName
     *            whether or not to append a random number to the name.
     * @param rootNode
     *            the root node of this tree layout.
     */
    public BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent(final String name,
            final String description, final boolean randomizeName,
            final INode rootNode) {

        this(name, description, randomizeName, rootNode, false);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of the
     * {@link BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent} class. It sets the
     * description and name to the provided values and optionally appends it
     * with a random number.
     *
     * @param name
     *            the name of the layout component.
     * @param description
     *            the description of the layout component.
     * @param randomizeName
     *            whether or not to append a random number to the name.
     * @param rootNode
     *            the root node of this tree layout.
     * @param serialization
     *            whether or not the constructor is invoked during
     *            serialization.
     */
    protected BasePrefuseTreeCoordinateLayoutComponent(final String name,
            final String description, final boolean randomizeName,
            final INode rootNode, final boolean serialization) {

        super(name, description, randomizeName, serialization);

        this.rootNode = rootNode;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see
     * edu.vt.arc.vis.osnap.layout.prefuseComponents.IPrefuseTreeLayoutComponent#
     * getRootNode()
     */
    @Override
    public INode getRootNode() {

        return this.rootNode;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Oh books, how I love you so.
There's nothing quite like a bookstore.
I love everything about them- the smell, the coziness, the potential of stories as yet untold. I cannot go in one and simply "look around." I can't even go with a list to get one thing. I come out with a stack. It just happens.
I am a book purist. It gives me a headache to read on anything electronic. Do I like the idea of gathering up my collection and holding it all in my hand in one easy device? Sure, for about a second, until I freak out about what would happen if I lost it. Having a kindle would just be stressful.
No, I'll take a heavy tome or two (or really, 20) any day.
I haven't been reading as much as I would like to lately. I've been giving my attention to other endeavors, but boy do I miss my stories. A blogging friend of mine has been putting up her reading lists and I think that is a great idea! I'm going to start keeping a list, which I will put to the left under "About" and "What's POTS" so that I can keep up with myself and you can keep up with me! I'll be sure to write about the best ones as "Go out and Read this!" posts.
I used to be a little nutty about book lists. When I was in 3rd grade (4th?) I decided that over the summer, I wanted to read every book in the children's section of my local library. I started at the top of the first shelf, and made my way to the bottom of it before the summer ended. I got myself a little card file with tiny dividers, and wrote the title, author, and a short summary of every book I read on index cards. It was quite intense for an 8-year-old, but kids will be kids, right? My dividers were kind of pointless though- having decided on the system of going shelf by shelf, and limiting myself to summer vacation to do so, I only managed to read through authors with last names starting with "A." The school year started, and I never did make it back for B through Z.
I like having projects, goals, and other "let's make a plan" courses of action. Currently, I'm trying to reread the books I have in my bookshelf at home, with the side task of deciding which ones to donate, as pretty soon I will have to sleep on a lumpy pile of books as they are inching ever closer to my bed.
I've got to throw some new material in there to mix it up, and right now I'm half way through Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand. Let me just say, this book is breaking my heart. First off because the writing is so detailed and well thought out, and second because the content is so mystifying. If you know nothing of this book, go look it up now (it was made into a movie this past holiday season), because it is really a masterpiece.
Reading isn't always easy for Chronics, as problems with eyesight, concentration, and headaches make the task a chore at best, and painful at worst.
I never thought I would like audiobooks because I am a more visual person, but I have changed my tune. Some of them are really fun if you find ones with good readers- try to get the author reading their own work if you can. A close second is if professional actors are the readers. My favorite is Jeremy Irons reading James and the Giant Peach (by Roald Dahl), a book I happen to dislike greatly. But I like it when Jeremy Irons reads it! Seriously, Jeremy Irons could read the dictionary and make it absorbing.
I would love to know what you are reading, Chronic friends! Drop me a comment to let me know if you have any suggestions!
Right now I am reading The Valley Of Amazement by Amy Tan. I really like it. Before that I read The Lincolns: An Intimate Portrait of a Marriage by Daniel Mark Epstein. It was good but not as good as some other Lincoln biographies I have read. I like to mix up fiction with non-fiction and I love to read about presidential and American history. I love to read but with my saroidosis, brain fog is my enemy and I tend to loss my place. It makes for a much slower process but I'm not giving up! I also prefer a REAL book to electronic reading. We enjoy audiobooks when we travel. They pass the time nicely. I can't wait to check out your new page on your blog with your reading list. Great idea!
Thank you! I do enjoy a good non-fiction, also! I can't remember the name of it right now, but on my list of "read this eventually," I have a book that is the love letters of (2nd US president) John and Abigail Adams. In all of my reading of history, I think I was always drawn to them because they seemed to genuinely like and respect each other- John often asked Abigail's opinion on important political decisions- a rarity in the 1700s!
I just finished Unbroken recently, and I absolutely loved it. I'm still deciding if I want to see the movie too, because I don't want to ruin it. If you haven't read about Laura Hillenbrand, it is definitely worth doing so – she has severe chronic fatigue, so she is a spoonie as well.
Laura Hillenbrand is #1 on my list of favorite spoonies! I love how she writes so vividly, with equal attention to small details as to the whole big picture. I hate to say "in spite of being a spoonie" but here it's true! She is a great inspiration!
As for the movie, I have heard that it is a bit tough to watch, but overall a good depiction.
Another great dog book is "Inside of a Dog" by Alexandra Horowitz. It is a study of what goes on inside a dog's mind- after reading it, I felt like I understood my dog, Suki, better! I'll add Cathy Glass to my list of books to look up- thank you for the suggestion!


Highs: Rare and unique subject matter.
Lows: Simple and plain details. Smoked windscreen. No driver figure.
Verdict: For fans of the show this will certainly build into an interesting kit.
Copyright ©2019 text by Jim Starkweather [ STAFF_JIM ]. Images also by copyright holder unless otherwise noted. Opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of Model Shipwrights. All rights reserved.
Jim if you want to make people feel old just say'back in the days when you had to get up to change channel'.