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GIBSON LES PAUL: 100 YEARS OF MYTH
Gibson les Paul: The Story of a Myth
Gibson, arguably the most iconic guitar brand in the world, is an American brand that has shaped the sounds of generations of musicians for over 100 years. From Slash to Jimmy Page, Gibson is now a myth.
Founded in 1894 and headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee, Gibson Brands has a heritage of world-class craftsmanship, legendary musical partnerships, and progressive product evolution unlike any other guitar brand.
The Gibson Brands portfolio includes Gibson, the number one guitar brand, along with many of the most popular and recognizable music brands including Epiphone, Kramer, Steinberger, MESA / Boogie and Gibson Pro Audio division, KRK Systems.
Gibson Brands is dedicated to quality, innovation and sonic excellence so that music lovers of generations to come continue to experience the music shaped by Gibson Brands.
The signature model of Gibson The Paul
the signature model of Gibson The Paul ended up defining the sound of rock music - a role he still enjoys today. Yet its conception was a protracted process, with many twists and turns. Here we present its history firsthand, both from its creators and from its most famous players ...
Gibson LES PAUL history: the story
This is the story of the initiate of the beginnings of the Gibson Les Paul , the company's first solidbody electric guitar. After Fender's introduction of the Broadcaster and Telecaster in 1950 and 1951, Gibson decided to compete, hiring the most famous American guitarist of the time, Les Paul, to endorse his new instrument.
GIBSON Paul Custom, Les Paul Standard or "Burst"
In the years that followed, Gibson's Paul Goldtops (introduced in 1952), Les Paul Custom (1954) and Les Paul Standard or "Burst" (which replaced the Goldtop in 1958) provided a solid and comfortable base for the solidbody range and which also featured some economy models: the Les Paul Junior (1954) and the Les Paul Special (1955).
This oral history of the early Les Pauls and his famous players comes from the archives of interviews I have done over the years for my books on Gibson.
People you'll hear from are: Billy Gibbons, who was in his pre-ZZ Top Moving Sidewalks band in 1968 when he acquired a Burst; Ted McCarty, who joined Gibson in 1948 and became president two years later; Jimmy Page, who got a Les Paul Custom circa 1964 and, at Led Zeppelin, bought a Burst from Joe Walsh in 1969; and Les Paul himself - who, along with Mary Ford, scored an American No.1 hit with How High The Moon in 1951.
Les Paul "I had tried to make a guitar that sustained and reproduced the sound of the string without anything added. No distortion, no change in response from what the string was doing. No vibrating top, no further enhancement, advantageous or disadvantageous.
I wanted to make sure he just gave you the rope because the rope was excited: you plucked the rope, and that's what you got. It was my whole idea in the early '30s. I worked on it, worked on it, stuffed rags into the guitars, then finally plugged them in completely, made one-inch tops on them. Then finally saying, "Look, I'm just going to go over a newspaper. "
"I approached Gibson in 1941. They laughed at the idea, they called me the kid with the broomstick with the mics on it. The factory was in Kalamazoo, Michigan, but the offices were in Chicago, and that's where I went. The newspaper was what I brought them. I actually built it at Epiphone. I knew the people there, and I could have the factory every Sunday, there was no one other than the guard.
"So every Sunday I went and worked there from 1939 to 41. Epiphone says, what the hell is this?" I say it's a log, it's a solidbody guitar, and they say, well why? And I say, well… but I was aiming for Gibson, I was not aiming for Epi. I knew Epi was about to sink. Gibson was the biggest in the business and that's where I wanted to go. I took it from Chicago to Maurice Berlin, the president of CMI, the Chicago Musical Instrument company [owner of Gibson], and they laughed at it.
"I moved to California, I went into the military, I went with Bing Crosby, I continued to play my journal, and Leo fender came into my backyard, and Merle Travis saw it, just like all the other guitarists, all the other makers, they all saw it.
Vibrola, I started on it in the 1930s and then I discovered that a guy had already invented a vibrola, but it was dead, it was extinct, it died in its tracks. So I said, "I'm going to make my own vibrola," so I made mine and Bigsby came into my backyard, with Fender. "
Gibson wants a strong body
Ted McCarty "The salons of the late 1940s were in Chicago in June and New York in about January. We would take prototypes to the show, show them, they would get a reaction from the dealers - because it was a dealer show, you had to be a dealer to get in - and depending on the reaction, we would come back to the factory and the sellers. Looks like he's a good seller, he's a good seller, but I couldn't do much with this one. Alright, you got it. This is how we chose the line, you might say.
"We realized that Leo Fender was gaining popularity in the West with his strong Spanish body. It didn't happen anywhere in New York or that part of the country, it was strictly in the West.
I looked at him and looked and said, "We have to get into this business. We give him a free race, he's the only one to make this kind of guitar. Had that real shrill sound that country and western boys loved. It was becoming popular. So we discussed it and decided, let's do one.
"Now Les Paul was known to me, Les Paul was a bit of an innovator, but he played Epiphone. And I was trying to make him play Gibson, oh, for a few years. He wasn't going to get away from Epiphone, he was loyal to them. He had made some improvements, some changes, in his Epiphone that he was using. They didn't make an Epiphone with his name on it - all they did was Epiphone.
The Design of the Gibson Les Paul
Les Paul "Leo Fender saw what I was doing and he started to create one. And when Gibson heard about it, they said to find this guy with the broomstick with the mic on! They came straight away, as soon as they heard what Leo was doing. They came to me and I said, "Well, you're a little late. But alright, let's go. "
Ted McCarty "We started to build a strong body and we had a lot to learn. For example, the stiffer the material, the harder the wood, the higher the sound and the longer the sustain.
Hit the string and it would ring for a long time to hold. It might take too long. One of the things we did was take a piece of iron rail from the railroad tracks, put a bridge, pickup, and tailpiece on it, and test it out.
You could hit that string, walk, come back, and it would still ring. Because what makes it slow down is the fact that the wood gives a little.
"We made a guitar from solid maple. It was not good. Too shrill, too much sustain. And we made one in mahogany. Too soft. I didn't really have that thing.
So we finally found a maple top and mahogany back, made a sandwich out of it, glued them together.
GIBSON Les Paul: the form
Then we decided, what about the shape? We wanted something that wouldn't be too heavy. The Fender was a much bigger, heavier guitar. So we made ours a little smaller, traditionally shaped.
Les Paul and his wife Mary Ford at a press reception at the Savoy Hotel in London for the unveiling in 1952 of the signature Les Paul model. Note the DeArmond Dynasonics under the P-90 neck pickup covers
"We had always carved the tops of our beautiful guitars, and we had real carving machines. Leo Fender did not have a carving machine. They joined their necks with a plate on the back of the guitar. We have always stuck our necks together, made it an integral part. So I said, "Okay, let's cut off the top of this thing, like we would on an L-5 and an L-7." "
"We finally found an attractive guitar. And as far as we're concerned, he had the tone, he had the resonance and he also had the sustain, but not too much. Now we needed an excuse to do it. None of the other big guitar companies had anything to do with a solid body.
Their attitude was to forget it, because anyone with a bandsaw can make a solidbody guitar. Bandsaw and router, that's all you needed.
"So I started to think. At that time, Les Paul and Mary Ford were riding very high, they were probably the number one vocal team in America. They were making a million dollars a year. And knowing Les and Mary, I decided that maybe I should show them this guitar.
Ted McCarty "Les and his group were in a hunting lodge at Delaware Water Gap, which is in the mountains of Pennsylvania. I had spoken to Les by phone and spoke to Phil Braunstein, his CFO, an accountant from New York. So I made an appointment with Phil, I went to New York, I had breakfast, I got in his car, and I had this [prototype] guitar with me.
"It was a day's drive from New York there, we got there at night, rainy, a miserable night. "I said, 'I've got something here, Les, that I want you to see.' We had an amplifier and we plugged this guitar into it. He took it, and he played it - and he played it and he played it. There was this upstairs balcony with bedrooms leading next to it, and Mary Ford was upstairs, so he yelled, "Mary, come over here, I want you to see this.
"Mary came down. He said, "Play that, Mary, I want to hear and see what you think." She took it and played it, and she said, "I love it. Les said, "Let me have it," and he played it some more, and he turned to Mary and said, "Look, they're getting too close to us, Mary, I think we should join them. What do you think?' She says, "I like it." "
Les Paul "It was a flat guitar at the time, it wasn't an archtop. I drew everything there except the belly, the arched top. I had a flat-top. I was sitting there with Maurice Berlin at CMI, and he said, "You know, I like violins. And he took me through his safe and showed me his collection, and he said:
"Would you consider doing it in an archtop?" And I said I would love to. He said, "No one else - Fender, no one else - can do it, and we have the facilities to do it. So I said, 'Sure, let's do it. So we made them.
Ted McCarty "Les had taken his Epiphone and made a lot of changes to it, put microphones in it that he had made. I had been after him for a few years, trying to convince him of Gibson, I had not succeeded. So I said, "This is what we want to do, we want to call it the model Gibson Les Paul. "
I told him we would pay him a royalty. I'm not a lawyer, neither Phil Braunstein, nor Les. So we started to enter into a contract. And I have a theory on contracts. The simpler they are, the better. If you have five pages of gobbledegook, which I call "boilerplate", you hire a smart lawyer and he will find loopholes there.
A simple, everyone can understand. So we started, the first thing we did was write down how much we would pay him per guitar.
"We hit it off all night. So I came back to the factory and now we had a model Gibson Les Paul. I had been trying to convince Les to let us make him a guitar for years, without success, but we finally had something he liked. So we started to produce them.
Gibson and the imperfections of wood
Ted McCarty "We did the gold finish because it covered the imperfections of the wood, the cosmetic aspect. If it was maple [like the last Burst], it had to be fiddle maple, had to be perfect, couldn't have flaws, couldn't have mineral streaks. But we used to cover it with this [golden] paint.
The lack of fingerboard binding and diagonal bridge pickup height adjustment screws indicate that this now heavily modified 1952 Goldtop model is one of the very first ever made.
"We added the Gibson Les Paul Custom just to have another one. You have all kinds of players who like it and like that. Chevrolet has a whole bunch of models, Ford has a whole bunch of models. And there was a good reason for it. We had more and more problems getting real good light Honduran mahogany. We would have mahogany and there would be streaks in it and so on.
"So that the Gibson Les Paul Custom either a solid body, it was not a sandwich, it was solid mahogany, but painted black. So you had some with streaks? You made it into customs. I embellished it with binders and other items, and I sold it for a higher price. "
Billy's Divine Music with GIbson Pearly Gates
Billy Gibbons "This guy I knew in Houston, John Wilson - he had a 12 string Rickenbacker, they sounded like The Byrds, they were called The Magic Ring - he rang the bell one day and said, 'Hey, the word is that you are looking for one of these Gibson Les Pauls. I said yeah. He said, "There's a farmer, rancher, up the road, just outside the city limits, a big ranch over there, a big rancher, cattle, and horses. Now, he's got one of those things.
"We got a 1936 Packard automobile, and we had a friend of the band, Renee Thomas, she had the opportunity to audition in California to win a role in a movie, so we gave her the Packard. She called, said she's in California and got the part. Finally, she sold the Packard drummer and sent me this check for, I believe, 350 $. I swear, the check came in the mail, and my mate stops and says, "Hey, let's go check out that guitar.
This magnificent '59 Burst was the inspiration for Gibson Custom's 2016 Minnesota Burst, 39th in a series of painstaking recreations of historic instruments.
We're getting there, the guy said, "You want it, you can have it." I said, "How much do you want? He said, "How much do you have? I pulled out the check and said I just got this today, 350 $. He said, "I'll take it. So I took off with this guitar!
"We named this car Pearly Gates and when Renee sold it I called it back, I said, 'I got this guitar with the money.' She said, "Well, we're going to call this guitar Pearly Gates and you're going to play some divine music.
"I'll tell you, man, it's kind of a guitar!" It was in 1968, just after the summer. I wondered along the way why this particular example of Gibson Les Paul ['59 Burst] is so sturdy.
Really, the only explanation is that it just happened to be set up on the right day. The right combination of wood. "Everything was assumed at the time. The particular day when all the disparate elements came together was just that magical moment, I guess.
Jimmy Page and the GIBSON Les Paul
Gibson Les Paul Standard
jimmy Page "I had my [three humbuckers] Gibson Les Paul Custom in the 60's… there was [Selmer store in Charing Cross Road] and then there was one further down, at the time he was affiliated with 'one way or another called [Lew Davis], and I bought it in there.
I remember coming in and there was some kind of crate, and the guys behind it, and right on the wall… I said, "Oh my God, let me try! What he was doing in there and why, but it was there. It was just… I fell in love with this bloody thing.
"There weren't many around. It was just such a beautiful thing and it looked so wonderful. The middle setting wasn't what you expected, but it was a really sharp sound that was really superb. I personalized it with switches so you can go into any combination, and [in 1970] this is the one that got stolen.
Jimmy Page in 1975, the year he bought a Burst backup to replace the "number one" Gibson Les Paul Standard that was his mainstay.
"In 1969 Joe Walsh came to the Fillmore or Winterland, either one, in San Francisco and he insisted, he said, 'You have to buy this guitar!' [It became Page's 'Number One' Burst.] And it actually looked like it had been refurbished. I said, "I don't necessarily need it".
"No, you have to have it, try it, you will," and all that. I said, "I already have the habit. "No, no, you have to try it!" You must buy this guitar!
"He continued to insist. I said, "Ah, no, no, no, I can't afford it. You know how it is. ' It wasn't like dealing with Selmer. He really played sports - he still does sports now. Because everybody's going, you sold him a Gibson Les Paul for anything, hundreds of dollars. It was prorated, he didn't steal from me and he didn't give it to me as a gift.
"I knew it was a good guitar. I knew there would be no turning back, the squeak I was getting from my Telecaster, which every night there was an entire episode of monitoring. The first album is done on the Telecaster, because it's a transition from The Yardbirds to Led Zeppelin, it's exactly the same guitar.
Everyone had that if they started to ride a loud Telecaster. So Joe insisted that I buy it, and I bought it, and I released the second album with it.
Gibson Les Paul Custom from 1956
This Gibson Les Paul Custom from 1956 has a "basic" single coil in the neck position. The Custom was introduced in 1954 to fulfill Gibson Les Paul's wish for a more luxurious guitar that looked like "a tuxedo"
"There's no guarantee I would have played the… I don't know, it's hypothetical, but I might not have found the Whole Lotta Love riff on the Telecaster. That big sound that you're working with, you're inspired - well, I am - and I know other people are, by instruments, the sound of instruments.
And then they play something that they've never played before - and it's really user-friendly, and suddenly they have a kind of riff, which is unique to this moment. I'm not saying it's the first thing I played on it, but it was coming.
"I always knew the Gibson Les Paul was a very user-friendly guitar compared to, say, a Strat or something like that. It's really sympatico. So many things start to sing, you know? Really sing. "
Eric CANTO Photographer: Concert photos, portraits, album covers.
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1 Gibson les Paul: The Story of a Myth
1.1 Gibson Les Paul's signature model
2 Gibson LES PAUL history: the story
2.1 GIBSON Paul Custom, Les Paul Standard or "Burst"
3 Gibson wants a strong body
4 The Design of the Gibson Les Paul
4.1 GIBSON Les Paul: the form
4.2 Gibson and the imperfections of wood
5 Billy's Divine Music with GIbson Pearly Gates
6 Jimmy Page and the GIBSON Les Paul
6.1 Gibson Les Paul Standard
6.2 Gibson Les Paul Custom from 1956
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24 Hours of Le MansFIA WEC
#99 Dempsey-Proton withdraws from 24 Hours of Le Mans following high impact crash
By Vince Pettit
Credit: Porsche
Following a crash in the opening practice session of the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Dempsey-Proton team have been forced to withdraw the #99 car that was due to be driven by Tracy Krohn, Patrick Long and Niclas Jönsson.
Krohn suffered a high impact crash during the first practice on Wednesday between the two chicanes on the Mulsanne Straight. It was initially some confusion after the incident as it was thought that a LMP2 car was involved in an altercation but it was revealed that it was a standalone incident that involved no other cars.
The Dempsey-Proton team have been busy throughout the day preparing a new chassis in the hope that they would be able to get on track this evening after the original chassis was written off following the impact.
Unfortunately during the second qualifying session the team announced that they would be withdrawing the entry on the advice of doctors that he rest for at least a week before returning to a race track.
In a statement released by Krohn he said, "While it is a major disappointment for the Dempsey Proton Competition team, headed up by Christian Reid, on behalf of myself, and my regular co-driver, Nic Jonsson, we want to thank all of the team members for their valiant efforts.
"Many thanks to Patrick Long for making a super effort to be here with us for this race as he had to jump through a lot of hoops to even get to Scrutineering last Monday for the 24 Hours of Le Mans event, after his victory in GTD class at Sonoma l, California in the U.S. on Sunday. As well as making a special effort to get to Le Mans for the mandatory test day at LeMans on June 3, following a race in Detroit, Michigan on June 2.
"I respect the FIA decision as a safety precaution and look forward to competing again next year in this incredible and historic race.
"I wish to thank the medical professionals at the circuit and at the Hospital du Mans for the prompt and professional manner in which I was cared for, and of course, my wife, Laurie for her kind and loving support.
"This "temporary halt in driving protocol" is based on a generalization of high impact accidents that have occurred to other drivers in the past.
"The Porsche GTE SportsCar I was driving sustained significant damage but did its protective job and I am unharmed!! A great deal of engineering with regard to impact design, and thought with regard to the ergonomics of this spectacular racecar (yes, I believe racecar should only be oneword forwards and backwards) have once again proven to be the result of Porsche design and engineering.
"This is a really spectacular racecar and I have been very privileged to have driven it and look forward to doing so again in the not too distant future".
With the news of the withdrawal it puts an end to Patrick Long's run of back-to-back 24 Hours of Le Mans races with this year set to be his sixteenth consecutive appearance.
The grid for the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans now stands at 61 cars with the #99 Porsche no longer taking part.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Don't use a language other than Esperanto! Can I hear your comments about this? It looks like I might have to go to Boston next Monday. Okay, I'm coming! We're busy. I have not seen him ever since. I have nothing for you. What time did you get out of bed yesterday? The traffic is heavy here. I'm Chinese.
Please wash the lettuce well before you eat it. I knew that wasn't true. If you can't do the time, don't do the crime. We believe that you will be able to make a price concession. How do I know you didn't do it? On this occasion, we should drink a toast. Do what is right. Certain restrictions may apply. People are going to talk. I encourage you to come and kneel with me at the foot of Calvary's Cross and be washed in the blood of Our Savior Jesus Christ.
I'm really looking forward to playing tennis with Amir. "Would you like to drive, or shall I?" "Oh, no matter. What's your preference?" "I don't mind; either way is fine." "Well, then, I'll drive. That'll give you a chance to rest a bit on the way." Why should I talk to Florian? His family really loves watching television every day. I've been trying to figure out where Rod hid the money. Mayuko can't bear living alone. I won't let you out of my sight. I needed to talk to them. In Germany you're a minor if you're younger than 18 years old. Live your life with the precision of a Samurai.
Cory hasn't checked in yet. Our department has about one hundred postgraduate students, but entry is highly selective. Where do you speak Esperanto? It has not stopped raining for several days. Lucifer left the door unlocked. Nikolai didn't make his position clear. Marsh grew up near a lake, but he isn't a good swimmer. Herb doesn't know a thing about me. Romantic, isn't it? That's why I wanted to talk to Takeuchi.
We want to talk with him. Piercarlo crossed the bridge to get to Adlai's house. I was worried about his health. Aimee doesn't have time to talk to you now. I'm in Spain. The car wouldn't start. This machine is of great use. I don't think it'll work. Are there lots of sharks around here? The box is too heavy to load.
It is now dinner time, and flight attendants begin to serve dinner. This government is really putting the clock back. Because we're worth it. The Diet will go into recess next week. One of the guards is dead. You look like an orangutan. I bet I can quit smoking from now on. I remember him as a cute, bright little boy. Bill got up early in order that he might catch the first train. Is there something to drink in the fridge?
These shoes are expensive, and what is more, they are too small. Tell me what your name is. Adam hurt himself this morning. They had some fun. I paid attention. I felt kind of awestruck. Music is troublesome. It seems that no sooner have you created it, than it in some strange way fades its original spark that was glorified by your mind. Why did you actually get divorced if you still live together? I had my thirtieth birthday last week. The brain damage was congenital.
Did you try restarting the computer? His teaching method is both good and bad. With the first election of a woman into the seat of Chancellorship, the word "Bundeskanzlerin," as a feminine noun for the title, was voted Word of the Year in 2005 by the Academy of German Language. Is there a mall near here? I've been shopping with Sid. Simone, please go and set the table. I think we can agree on that. It looks like it's brand new. There's a website that makes it easy to compare prices. Earl doesn't like clubs where there is loud music.
Irvin never would've done that. Once we are dead, we are no longer dying. Where's the checkout counter? After the main dish comes the dessert. He has more books than he can read in his life. Clay will do whatever it takes to finish the job on time. Mummy, where's my hanky? Eileen was calm. I paid the check and Antonio took her home. It is very naughty of you to pull the kitten's tail.
That's a bodge job. Do you know what you should do? France is called "France" in French. This is my union. I missed my flight. Can I get on the next flight? I'm pretty sure that Paul believed everything I told him. The best thing in the world for a man is to choose a good wife, the worst being to mistakenly choose an ill-suited one. They don't want us to know. You know what this is, don't you? Foreign books are sold at the shop.


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Phrynarachne pusiola is een spinnensoort in de taxonomische indeling van de krabspinnen (Thomisidae).

Het dier behoort tot het geslacht Phrynarachne. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1903 door Eugène Simon.

Krabspinnen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I have just finished a long week on the Motion Picture ' Jack The Giant Killer' which is directed by Bryan Singer ( Usual Suspects, X-men).... Because the film is still in production and not due to be released until June 15th 2012, i cannot say too much or even post any pictures from production.
Nicholas Hoult (X-Men: First Class) is playing Jack, Eleanor Tomlinson (Alice in Wonderland) will play the Princess and potential love interest of Jack. Stanley Tucci (Captain America) is the film's main villain, Roderick.
Ian McShane (Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides) will portray King Brahmwell, who is none too thrilled about a union between his daughter the Princess Jack.
Ewan McGregor ( Moulin Rouge) and Eddie Marsan (Sherlock Holmes) play the Kings Guard and lead the Battle against the Giants.
Warwick Davies (Harry Potter) will play a small role of the Leader of an Acting Troupe.
The information here is already online so should not break any rules, and the picture that follows has also been published online and in Print.


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Articles by Lauren Thomas
Boost your chances of getting accepted
Grad School Interview Questions & How to Answer Them
Published on March 29, 2021 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on November 4, 2022.
Grad school interviews are the last step of the application process, so congratulations for making it to this stage! Getting this far is a big accomplishment—graduate schools only conduct interviews with those applicants they are seriously considering accepting.
Grad schools conduct interviews to assess your "fit" with their program and faculty, as well as your interpersonal skills. In many cases, they may also be attempting to match you with a supervisor.
Before the interview, you should prepare by doing your research and reflecting on how you'll answer these common questions.
Continue reading: Grad School Interview Questions & How to Answer Them
When to Apply for Graduate School | Month-by-Month Timeline
Published on February 17, 2021 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on November 11, 2022.
Once you've decided to apply for graduate school, you need to carefully plan out the application process, leaving yourself enough time to:
Choose which schools you'll apply to
Gather transcripts and recommendation letters
Write your personal statement or statement of purpose
Take any standardized exams you might need
In general, you'll need to start preparing your application at least 6 months in advance of the deadline. Most application deadlines are about 7–9 months before the program's start date.
Continue reading: When to Apply for Graduate School | Month-by-Month Timeline
Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences
Published on November 27, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on September 14, 2022.
The two most common types of graduate degrees are master's and doctoral degrees:
A master's is a 1–2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers.
A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3–7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research.
A master's is also the necessary first step to a PhD. In the US, the master's is built into PhD programs, while in most other countries, a separate master's degree is required before applying for PhDs.
Master's are far more common than PhDs. In the US, 24 million people have master's or professional degrees, whereas only 4.5 million have doctorates.
Continue reading: Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences
How (and Who) to Ask For a Letter of Recommendation
Published on October 30, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on November 11, 2022.
Letters of recommendation often make or break a graduate school application. It's important to think carefully about who to ask and how to do it.
Ideally, you should approach former supervisors who know you and your work well, and can advise you. Different programs require different types of recommendation letters, but the process of requesting them is similar.
Follow these five steps to guarantee a great recommendation, including program-specific tips and email examples.
Continue reading: How (and Who) to Ask For a Letter of Recommendation
Systematic Sampling | A Step-by-Step Guide with Examples
Published on October 2, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on December 22, 2022.
Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method in which researchers select members of the population at a regular interval (or k) determined in advance.
If the population order is random or random-like (e.g., alphabetical), then this method will give you a representative sample that can be used to draw conclusions about your population of interest.
Continue reading: Systematic Sampling | A Step-by-Step Guide with Examples
Stratified Sampling | Definition, Guide & Examples
Published on September 18, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on December 5, 2022.
In a stratified sample, researchers divide a population into homogeneous subpopulations called strata (the plural of stratum) based on specific characteristics (e.g., race, gender identity, location, etc.). Every member of the population studied should be in exactly one stratum.
Each stratum is then sampled using another probability sampling method, such as cluster sampling or simple random sampling, allowing researchers to estimate statistical measures for each sub-population.
Researchers rely on stratified sampling when a population's characteristics are diverse and they want to ensure that every characteristic is properly represented in the sample. This helps with the generalizability and validity of the study, as well as avoiding research biases like undercoverage bias.
Continue reading: Stratified Sampling | Definition, Guide & Examples
Cluster Sampling | A Simple Step-by-Step Guide with Examples
Published on September 7, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on December 5, 2022.
In cluster sampling, researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters. They then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample.
Cluster sampling is a method of probability sampling that is often used to study large populations, particularly those that are widely geographically dispersed. Researchers usually use pre-existing units such as schools or cities as their clusters.
Continue reading: Cluster Sampling | A Simple Step-by-Step Guide with Examples
Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples
Published on August 28, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on December 5, 2022.
A simple random sample is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance of being selected.
This method is the most straightforward of all the probability sampling methods, since it only involves a single random selection and requires little advance knowledge about the population. Because it uses randomization, any research performed on this sample should have high internal and external validity, and be at a lower risk for research biases like sampling bias and selection bias.
The American Community Survey (ACS) uses simple random sampling. Officials from the United States Census Bureau follow a random selection of individual inhabitants of the United States for a year, asking detailed questions about their lives in order to draw conclusions about the whole population of the US.
Continue reading: Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples
Quasi-Experimental Design | Definition, Types & Examples
Published on July 31, 2020 by Lauren Thomas. Revised on December 5, 2022.
Like a true experiment, a quasi-experimental design aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
However, unlike a true experiment, a quasi-experiment does not rely on random assignment. Instead, subjects are assigned to groups based on non-random criteria.
Quasi-experimental design is a useful tool in situations where true experiments cannot be used for ethical or practical reasons.
Continue reading: Quasi-Experimental Design | Definition, Types & Examples
Single, Double, & Triple Blind Study | Definition & Examples
In experimental research, subjects are randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group. A double-blind study withholds each subject's group assignment from both the participant and the researcher performing the experiment.
If participants know which group they are assigned to, there is a risk that they might change their behavior in a way that would influence the results. This can lead to a few types of research bias, particularly social desirability bias, self-selection bias, Hawthorne effect, or other demand characteristics.
Conversely, if researchers know which group a participant is assigned to, they might act in a way that reveals the assignment or directly influences the results. This can also lead to biases, particularly observer bias.
Double blinding guards against these risks, ensuring that any difference between the groups can be attributed to the treatment.
Continue reading: Single, Double, & Triple Blind Study | Definition & Examples


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Three-year-old boy died from a incurable brain cancer after doctors initally misdiagnosed him with a sprained ankle
Logan Maclean's family has started an online petition for more research and funding for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a deadly form of brain cancer that has a zero percent survival rate.
By Remus Noronha
Published on : 07:41 PST, Aug 4, 2019
AYRSHIRE, SCOTLAND: A three-year-old boy from Scotland died from a fatal brain tumor after being misdiagnosed as having a sprained ankle. According to the Daily Mail, Logan Maclean, who died just weeks after his third birthday, first prompted concern when he developed a limp in his right leg, but a doctor from his hometown of Largs, North Ayrshire dismissed fears of anything more serious than a sore ankle.
The toddler was taken to A&E at Crosshouse Hospital in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire after he started losing strength in his arm. CT and MRI scans revealed that the child actually had diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a deadly form of brain cancer that has a zero percent survival rate.
His heartbroken grandmother, 49-year-old Fiona Govan, said: "We took him to a practice in Largs, where the doctor thought he had sprained his ankle, because he was walking awkwardly. But on his third visit to A&E they noticed weakness in his arm, which then led them to believe it was a neurological problem. They thought he'd had a mini-stroke. At Crosshouse Hospital they did an MRI then he was referred to the Royal Hospital for Sick Kids in Glasgow and he got put on steroids. They started to think it was DIPG, but they wanted a biopsy to be certain so they could give him the right palliative treatment."
The youngster reportedly underwent six weeks of radiotherapy from late 2016 to early February 2017, but doctors gave him just months to live. Outreach nurses supported Govan and Logan's mother, 29-year-old Sapphire Maclean, while some of her closest friends rallied round to help in the child's final months.
Logan passed away at his home on October 17, 2017, just weeks after his third birthday. He is survived by his two-year-old brother Ezra who was only seven-weeks-old when Logan was first diagnosed.
"Our condolences and thoughts are with Logan Maclean's family," said Joanne Edwards, director of Acute Services for NHS Ayrshire and Arran. "We would encourage the family to contact us directly with any concerns about the care or treatment provided to their relative."
Govan, who is a civil servant from Dalry, North Ayrshire, said: "We were like most families, we'd never even heard of it before. A child who developed a limp was now terminal. We had to come to terms with it that he didn't have long and my daughter concentrated on making sure he did. We went on a make a wish trip to Croatia and two trips to Calums Cabin in Rothesay. There's nothing you can do, you just need to try your best and make your memories. Ezra was too young to have memories of his brother, but we've got pictures of him he can look at and we hope one day he might do something in Logan's memory."
"Logan was just amazing. He was such a gentle wee soul," the child's grandmother said. "His brother's feisty, but he was gentler. It was a privilege to know him and stand with him."
Now the family is trying to raise awareness of the debilitating condition, which affects 30 to 40 children every year in the UK. DIPG is a tumor located in the middle region - or 'pons' - of the brain stem. It is the second most common severe brain tumor seen in children.
Govan has started an online petition for more research and funding into the disease. The petition has already gained more than 40,000 signatures.
She said: "Logan was a joy and shouldn't have died. I'm sad. I wish it wasn't him or any other child, but I'm angry about the lack of research that's been done. It goes wider than DIPG. Even with other children's cancers so many other kids are left to suffer and there needs to be a lot more focus on tackling child cancers generally."
The 49-year-old is looking to get 100,000 signatures for the petition so that she can get the issue debated in parliament.
"If there's a way to get it to 100,000, I'm going to go all out and try anything to get the message out there," the grandmother of two added. "I do genuinely believe there are other families and MPs who won't accept a rubbish answer and we'll demand a better response from the government. I'm not going to stop."


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Ex-employee of South Bay outsourcing firm fired…
Ex-employee of Sunnyvale-based Indian outsourcing firm fired after reporting harassment of Muslim coworker: lawsuit
HCL America is among top users of H-1B visas
The front entrance to the Santa Clara County Courthouse in Palo Alto, Calif., shown in June 2017. (Jacqueline Lee / Daily News)
By Leonardo Castaneda | lcastaneda@bayareanewsgroup.com | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: December 26, 2018 at 7:00 am | UPDATED: December 26, 2018 at 8:24 am
A former supervisor at Indian outsourcing firm HCL America claims in a lawsuit that he was fired after reporting that one of his Muslim-Pakistani subordinates was being harassed by an Indian worker at the Milpitas company where HCL was providing IT services.
HCL, based in Sunnyvale and owned by an Indian company, has 15,000 employees across the country providing consulting and IT services. A spokesman for HCL said it doesn't comment on pending litigation.
The lawsuit highlights the potential cultural tensions in a Silicon Valley workforce with workers from all around the world. HCL America has workers from from 114 different nationalities, according to a company press release. It's also one of the top users of H-1B visas. In fiscal year 2017, the company was approved for about 4,400 visas.
William Garrett, a former HCL supervisor who was providing IT services at Milpitas-based memory chip manufacturer Micron Technologies, filed suit earlier this month in Santa Clara County Superior Court alleging wrongful termination and retaliation. In an interview with this news organization, Garrett, who is African American, said he wondered if his background played a role in his eventual dismissal.
"I wondered if my race and my age had something to do with this," he said. "I'm 51 and the rest of them are fairly younger than me."
Garrett said he first learned that one of his subordinates was being harassed in April 2018 at a get-together of HCL co-workers. According to his lawsuit, a Pakistani Muslim man told Garrett he was being harassed and bullied by a Micron supervisor, who was an Indian Sikh.
"He just said, 'This guy is really giving me some problems at work, it's pretty bad. He's harassing me, he's ridiculing me because sometimes I drink, sometimes I smoke, and I'm a Muslim and he ridicules me for this,'" Garrett said.
Alcohol is generally prohibited in Islam and many Muslims do not drink. Micron did not immediately respond to a request for comment but Garrett's attorney noted that Micron is not a defendant in the lawsuit.
Garrett said he thought about the allegations over the weekend, and talked again with his HCL subordinate, who asked Garrett to intervene. "I said, 'Look man, if I let this cat out of the bag it can't put it back in. He says, 'I know, I know,'" Garrett said. "And so I reported the incident to my manager, my direct manager."
Garrett said he was told to re-arrange work assignments so that the HCL subordinate and the Micron employee would no longer work together. But, according to the lawsuit, the Micron employee learned of Garrett's report and intimidated the HCL subordinate into recanting claims that he'd been bullied or harassed.
Garrett said that a few weeks later, he got a call from his supervisor as he was driving home with his fiancée. "He tells me, 'Look William, we're going to be releasing you from this assignment.' He said, 'A few managers got together and decided that we need to get you out of here before there's any more problems,'" Garrett said.
Garrett said he was bewildered by the firing, which came after workers at HCL and Micron had gone through a training about identifying and reporting harassment and discrimination. A few days after reporting the HCL subordinate's harassment, Garrett said he received a glowing annual review.
"I still don't really understand what I did wrong, if I did anything wrong," he said. "I was following the rules of both organizations."
Garrett said he struggled after the firing, which he says ruined his relationships with HCL, which he joined in 2010, and with Micron. Eventually, he said he found another, lower-paying job at a help desk.
Now, he says, he's not sure if he'd report similar harassment again. "I would really have a hard time. I think that I would encourage that individual to go to HR themselves," he said. "I would be hesitant in being directly involved. This really messed me up."
Leonardo Castaneda
Leonardo Castañeda is a reporter covering demographics and the income divide as part of The Mercury News' Living in the Bay Area team. He graduated from San Diego State University with degrees in journalism and economics, and previously reported in America's Finest City. He also speaks Spanish, holds strong opinions about burritos and can be reached at 408-920-5012.
Follow Leonardo Castaneda	@LeoMCastaneda


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RLH Corporation Appoints Chris Trick Chief Marketing Officer
RLH Corporation Appoints Chris Trick Chief Marketing Officer | 9/17/2020
RLH Corporation announced the appointment of Christopher (Chris) Trick as its Senior Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer effective September 15, 2020. Mr. Trick brings to Red Lion more than 20 years of experience building brand value and advancing franchise growth initiatives, much of it in the economy through upper-midscale hotel segments. Mr. Trick will be responsible for leading Red Lion's marketing and advertising strategy supporting all of its channels from franchise development to direct-to-consumer campaigns.
John Russell, Chief Executive Officer of RLH stated, "We are excited to have Chris on board as our Chief Marketing Officer. Chris has extensive experience revitalizing brands across a number of industries with more than half of his career spent in franchising and hospitality in progressive roles at Marriott, Wyndham, LaQuinta, Intercontinental Hotels Group and Realogy. Chris brings a deep omni-channel skill set that will further enhance our go-to-market efforts across a wide variety of media and a broad spectrum of stakeholders including our franchisees, vendors and our guests. Chris is a former co-worker of mine and I am thrilled to have him on the Red Lion team. We look forward to his essential contribution as we continue to execute on our strategy."
Chris Trick added, "I am excited to be a part of the Red Lion team. A key priority in this role is to embark on a brand revitalization and reimaging program including raising our brand profiles, enhancing our brand image, and strengthening our messaging to our franchisees and our guests. I am also focused on driving contribution to our franchisees and licensees, which includes ensuring appropriate brand standards. I believe there is a unique opportunity to elevate RLH's brand equity and enhance our loyalty program which will help support our franchisees and attract prospective franchisees to Red Lion."
Prior to joining Red Lion, Mr. Trick was the head of marketing for Southern Carlson, a Kyocera Company, where he was responsible for brand marketing leadership, creative services and marketing related technology solutions. Prior to his experience at Southern Carlson, Mr. Trick spent six years with Realogy Franchise Group where he successfully drove multi-brand marketing solutions, revitalized the ERA brand through a programmatic, multi-faceted strategic plan which helped drive market share. Prior to Realogy, served as VP Marketing for the Marriott ExecuStay Brand at Marriott International, spear-headed long term strategic marketing plans at Wyndham Hotel Group and led brand marketing programs at La Quinta Inns and Intercontinental Hotels Group, where he directly impacted brand differentiation, positioning, and awareness. Mr. Trick holds Bachelor of Business Administration from Texas A&M University.
About RLH Corporation
RLH Corporation is an innovative hotel company focused on the franchising of upscale, midscale and economy hotels. The company maximizes return on invested capital for hotel owners across North America through relevant brands, industry-leading technology and forward-thinking services. For more information, please visit the company's website at www.rlhco.com.


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Press Release Details
Ally Financial Shares the Holiday Spirit with Dealership Communities
Download this Press Release PDF Format (opens in new window)
About $50,000 in donations to help dealership employees and local communities facing hardships
DETROIT, Dec. 13, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Ally Financial is showing its appreciation for its dealer customers this holiday season with a series of donations across the country targeted at dealership employees and communities facing adversity. In all, Ally will give approximately $50,000 to help dealership employees and communities overcome the impacts of hurricanes, fires, floods and other personal setbacks.
"We care about our dealers and these holiday gifts are a way to show we are here to support them," said Doug Timmerman, president of Ally Auto Finance. "For those dealers who have weathered particularly challenging circumstances, some extra support can boost the wellbeing of their employees, businesses and communities."
The holiday dealership donations being made by Ally this month include:
Donations to the Salvation Army's Empty Stocking Fund in Panama City, Fla. on behalf of 13 area dealers to make the season brighter with food and gifts for families suffering losses from Hurricane Michael.
Gift cards to cover holiday meals for approximately 50 dealership employees from five North Carolina dealerships who experienced significant home damage because of Hurricane Florence.
A contribution to schools in Butte County, Calif. to help replenish supplies for students who have returned to the classroom following destruction caused by the Camp Fire wildfire. Many students are living in temporary housing.
Gift cards for 25 employees at McGuire Auto Group of Little Falls, NJ, who were impacted when flash flooding in August caused severe damage to their homes and workplace.
Contributions to employees and charities supported by Alma (Mich.) Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, and Ram following a fire that destroyed the dealership in November. Ally is donating to several local charities on behalf of the dealership, including Alma Salvation Army, Mid-Michigan Foster and Adoption Coalition, and Dalis to the Rescue pet rescue.
Ally's holiday dealer giving follows its "Banksgiving" campaign, in which Ally surprised bank customers who called the customer service line by granting their wishes big and small, whether it was a $25 gift card or an overseas trip to visit loved ones.
"Ultimately, we owe our success to our customers and this is about giving back to our dealer customers to show how much we appreciate them," Timmerman said. "Major life disruptions can make it more challenging to celebrate holiday traditions and we're hopeful these gifts will make a difference to these employees and communities as they overcome tough situations."
Giving back is inherent to Ally and its brand promise to "Do It Right." Ally designates November as Giving Back Month, when its employees support their local communities by donating time and money. Ally encourages employees to give back by offering eight hours of personal time off for volunteering – and Ally matches the volunteer time by giving a $25 donation to the employee's chosen charity for each hour volunteered. Last year Ally employees volunteered more than 17,000 hours and the company donated $800,000 through this program.
About Ally Financial Inc.
Ally Financial Inc. (NYSE: ALLY) is a leading digital financial services company with assets of $173.1 billion as of September 30, 2018. As a client-centric company with passionate customer service and innovative financial solutions, Ally is relentlessly focused on "Doing it Right" and being a trusted financial partner for its consumer, commercial, and corporate customers. Ally's award-winning online bank (Ally Bank, Member FDIC and Equal Housing Lender) offers mortgage-lending services and a variety of deposit and other banking products, including CDs, online savings, money market and checking accounts, and IRA products. Ally also promotes the Ally CashBack Credit Card. Additionally, Ally offers securities brokerage and investment advisory services through Ally Invest. Ally remains one of the largest full-service auto finance operations in the country with a complementary auto-focused insurance business, which together serve approximately 18,000 dealer customers and millions of auto consumers. Ally's robust corporate finance business offers capital for equity sponsors and middle-market companies.
For more information and disclosures about Ally, visit https://www.ally.com/#disclosures.
Ann Smith
Ally Communications
Ann.smith@ally.com
View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ally-financial-shares-the-holiday-spirit-with-dealership-communities-300764650.html
SOURCE Ally Financial
Categories: Press Releases


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2021 LSU Football
Corey Raymond Leaving LSU for Florida
The godfather of DBU is leaving Baton Rouge after 10 years
By Zach Junda@ZacharyJunda Dec 9, 2021, 8:00am CST
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Brian Kelly's ever developing first coaching staff at LSU took a turn for the worse as it was reported Wednesday evening that defensive backs coach Corey Raymond would be joining Billy Napier's staff at Florida.
To put it bluntly, Corey Raymond is DBU. Just look at all the corners and safeties that have passed through LSU over the last 10 years: Jamal Adams, Tre'Davious White, Derek Stingley, Kristian Fulton, Grant Delpit, Donte Jackson, JaCoby Stevens, Cordale Flott, the list goes on and on and Raymond is responsible for all of those players.
Raymond was the longest tenured coach on staff, joining Les Miles in 2012. Raymond is an LSU grad and maybe some thought he'd be content only being a position coach at his alma mater. Instead, Raymond will assume the role of "assistant head coach of the defense/cornerbacks coach" at Florida under Billy Napier.
What's interesting is it was reported last Monday that Raymond and Brad Davis were expected to be part of Kelly's staff for the upcoming season.
Can confirm that #LSU cornerbacks coach Corey Raymond is expected to remain on Brian Kelly's #LSU staff, as @HamiltonESPN reported. Obviously a crucial staffer the past decade.
Hamilton also reported Kevin Faulk will stay on, but still working to confirm that.
— Brody Miller (@BrodyAMiller) November 30, 2021
As for what changed over the course of 10 days we can only speculate, but I would bet the money LSU will be paying Brad Davis and Frank Wilson (about $800,000 and $900,000 respectively) versus what they paid Raymond ($500,00 base salary) has something to do with it. Raymond will get a promotion at Florida and surely a pay raise.
Brian Kelly is well within his right to fill out his coaching staff the way he sees fit, but letting Raymond walk—to your permanent cross divisional opponent no less—is tough to understand. Raymond, like Tommy Moffitt, was a pillar of LSU football for the last decade and now he's gone to a team LSU will have to play and recruit against every single year.
Kelly's choice to replace Raymond appears to be Kerry Cooks who was a defensive analyst for Kelly last season. Cooks worked for Kelly between 2010-2014 where he was co-defensive coordinator, and then the assistant DC/cornerback coach at Oklahoma for three years; he was also the safeties coach at Texas Tech for the 2019 season.


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in Complaints, Hollywood, Pointless Lists, Shit That Can't Be Real Yet Somehow Is, Shout Outs, The Boob Tube, Unsolicited Reviews, Vicious Lies
Unsolicited Thoughts / Notes On 30 For 30: The Price Of Gold
– sometimes you read stories about our armed forces blasting heavy metal at foreign dictators to ferret them out of fortified compounds but what they really need to use is audio of Nancy Kerrigan reeling in pain during the aftermath of her 1994 attack; that unhinged wailing jostles the moorings of my soul
– Tonya Harding's mom dressing like a nefarious super villain (mink stole and a parrot on her shoulder?) would be funny if she hadn't been so terrible to her daughter in her youth
– whether or not you believe Harding was in on the pre-attack conspiracy I think we can all agree the men involved made the Sweathogs look like Rhodes Scholars
– if Harding masterminded the attack, what a shame she didn't believe in her own talents (she'd already bested Kerrigan once in a World Championship); if Harding had nothing to do with the attack, what a shame she couldn't put her issues with Kerrigan aside and reach out immediately to say, "Hey, I'm sorry, I married this clown but I want to make sure we're square before things go any further" (Harding tried to apologize much later but Kerrigan made her talk to the hand 'cause the face wasn't listenin')
– the person my heart goes out to most in all of this is Michelle Kwan; Kwan won her right to compete in the '94 Olympics by placing second in the U.S. Championships, but the ice skating powers that be decided Kerrigan would have clinched that spot had she not been clubbed…so they gave Kerrigan Kwan's spot and sent Kwan to Norway as a non-competing alternate, which is a supremely shitty thing to do to a thirteen year old, if you ask me
– shady character Shawn Eckhardt (Harding's bodyguard, now deceased) sort of resembled William Hootkins, the actor who played shady character Max Eckhardt in the first Batman; Shawn later changed his name to Brian Griffith, which is so very close to the name of portly "Family Guy" character Brian Griffin (whom he also sort of resembled)
– Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly changed his name to Jeff Stone, which is boring as hell and robs us of our god-given right to enjoy the mirth that inherently surrounds "Gillooly"
– this documentary takes the high road, making no mention of the Tonya Harding sex tape or Harding's "foxy" boxing bout against Paula Jones
Tags: Eckhardts, Family Guy, Jeff Gillooly, Michelle Kwan, mink stoles, Nancy Kerrigan, the Olympics, Tonya Harding


Medical researcher Ashok Gupta has raised much interest with his 'Amygdala Hypothesis' for ME/CFS/FM and associated illnesses, and the Amygdala Retraining™ techniques he believes have helped him and many others to 're-set' a chronic over-stimulation of the brain's unconscious alarm and protection responses. He says the techniques do offer hope of improvement or recovery now for many with these illnesses, and further medical research is required to develop supporting treatments.
Once you have reviewed the following information, Ashok Gupta invites you to submit questions here for his consideration in preparation for a future Live Chat Q&A in the ProHealth.com Community Chat Room.
I have suffered from 'chronic fatigue syndrome' (ME/CFS) myself. Around 10 years ago, I developed it while studying at University.
Since then, I have dedicated my life to finding an effective treatment for ME/CFS and associated conditions such as fibromyalgia, multiple chemical sensitivities, Gulf War Syndrome, etc. I have been completely well for years, and I successfully treat patients at my clinic in Harley Street in Central London (www.guptaprogramme.com; e-mail: Info@guptaprogramme.com).
• An overview of The Amygdala Hypothesis – a "vicious cycle" that, once triggered by severe stressors in people with certain risk factors can perpetuate neurological overstimulation, physiological dysfunction, and many physical symptoms.
• An explanation of major symptoms in the context of this hypothesis.
• A brief summary of Amygdala Retraining concepts - how patients may break the vicious cycle by applying techniques that encourage the amygdala and associated brain structures to discontinue the hypothesized overstimulation - and pilot results observed at one year.
• Links to six free YouTube videos from the Retraining Program DVDs, which cover the entire hypothesis in depth.
My medical research seems to indicate that ME/CFS is a neurological condition, and may be caused by abnormalities in a brain structure called the "amygdala," which is deep in the unconscious brain.
• Whereas recent research is showing that the amygdala is involved in protection mechanisms related to chemical and immunological threats as well.
Right at the top, let's start with the predisposing factors to developing these illnesses - i.e., the risk factors. These may include genetic factors and environmental factors yet to be fully determined.
• In the case of ME/CFS, that physical illness might be a particularly difficult virus or bacterial infection (e.g., Glandular Fever, gut enteroviruses, etc.), or another kind of illness.
• In fibromyalgia, the physical trauma may be an accident, or ongoing chronic pain in a part of the body.
• In MCS, the trigger may be heavy exposure to a toxin.
• The amygdala learns to be hyper-reactive to any symptoms detected in the body, in association with the "insula" (another brain structure).
• This conditioning happens unconsciously without a person actually realizing it is happening.
• It over-stimulates the hypothalamus and the whole HPA (Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal) Axis, which subsequently downgrades as a result, making it difficult for the body to respond to stress.
• The amygdala also over-stimulates the whole brain, keeping many brain circuits in a state of hyper-arousal. This adversely affects the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin and dopamine.
• There may also be conditioning in the immune system. This means that aspects of the immune system are inappropriately re-triggered in a unique pattern individual to each patient.
• Finally, this over-stimulation causes higher levels of oxidative stress in the body, and a compromised immune system.
Where I differ from Professor Martin Pall's Nitric Oxide hypothesis of ME/CFS and other "unexplained" illnesses is that in his NO/ONOO- hypothesis, the Nitric Oxide effects are mainly local.
• I do not believe that this could explain such a pervasive illness with such wide-ranging symptoms.
• Instead, I believe that the Nitric Oxide theory reflects yet another secondary illness cycle rather than the underlying cause of the condition.
These symptoms are detected by the sensory thalamus/cortex and the insula cortex - the parts of the brain that receive incoming information from the senses (8).
• The insula may be involved in interpreting the emotional meaning of the symptoms, and passing that representation on to the amygdala.
• At 9, the amygdala is traumatized by any symptoms that it detects in the body, and instantly re-stimulates bodily systems at 4 again.
• The severity of the conditioning effects in the amygdala and associated brain structures.
• The specificity of the conditioning; that is, what symptoms and what reactions were going on in the body at the time of the original trauma.
• The specific timing of the trauma – although symptoms can change over time.
A patient will also find that stress can exacerbate the symptoms - simply because it "speeds up" the vicious circle, and the body does not have sufficient resources to deal with that stress. The stress can be mental, emotional or physical.
The unconscious brain reaction involved in amygdala dysfunction is not normally under a patient's control, but I believe that some novel "brain retraining" techniques derived from NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming), breathing, meditation techniques, and others, can target the reaction and control the amygdala. The techniques are highly specialized, and do not fit under any one category, which is why I refer to them as "Amygdala Retraining Techniques."
Luckily the amygdala constantly communicates with other parts of the brain, and that's where retraining can take place.
In animal models, it is understood that the amygdala can be controlled with new neurons being formed, connecting from the pre-frontal cortex to the amygdala, to subdue and control its reactions.
• Some studies have shown that patients with ME/CFS have lower grey matter volume in this part of the brain (pre-frontal cortex).
• Other studies have shown that regular meditation can increase the volume of this part of the brain, showing that "brain" exercises can alter the structure of the brain.
All the Amygdala Retraining techniques are now available as an interactive DVD recovery programme.** I found that most patients could not afford to come to the clinic for treatment, so I wanted to create something that was affordable and easy to use at home.
I recently conducted an initial Clinical Audit on the techniques, and the study seems to show that over 90% of patients significantly improved as a result of the treatments, and that two-thirds of patients (67%) reached a full recovery or close to that mark within one year. The average number of years with the illness was 10.5 years.
This paper has been submitted for peer review and will be published in a medical journal later in 2009. There was no control group - as this was simply an initial pilot to stimulate funding for a larger randomized, controlled trial.
Finally, see the accompanying article, "How the Different ME/CFS/FMS Symptoms are Created with Continual Amygdala Stimulation," for an explanation of each physical, emotional, and cognitive symptom commonly associated with these and related illnesses.
* Ashok Gupta's Amygdala Retraining Clinic - Harley Street Solutions, LTD - is located at No.1 Harley Street, London W1G 9QD, UK. To contact the clinic, visit www.guptaprogramme.com or e-mail Info@guptaprogramme.com.
** Amygdala Retraining is available as a home study interactive DVD Recovery Programme, which includes DVDs, a CD, and a book, as well as access to a recovery forum and further support. The programme comes with a one-year money back guarantee. For further details, visit www.guptaprogramme.com.


Spanish Translation of �chocolate� The official Collins English-Spanish Dictionary online. Over 100,000 Spanish translations of English words and phrases. Over 100,000 Spanish translations of English words and phrases.... Translation of hot chocolate at Merriam-Webster's Spanish-English Dictionary. Audio pronunciations, verb conjugations, quizzes and more.
Preparation. Bring milk with chocolate a la taza just to a boil in a 1 1/2-quart heavy saucepan over moderate heat, whisking until chocolate is melted, then simmer mixture, whisking, 2 minutes.... How to say chocolate. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Learn more. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Learn more.
4/06/2007�� The Spanish are known to have been locos for chocolate ever since they �discovered� it in the New World about 500 years ago. As in centuries past, today the Spanish drink rich hot chocolate for breakfast, and it's so thick that you can stand a churro in it. how to make a fascinator using sinamay Pour in the cooled chocolate and continue to mix until the ingredients are evenly distributed. In a medium bowl sift together the flour, cocoa powder, cinnamon, chili powder, baking soda, salt and cayenne pepper.
(Say yes, please!) P.S. To make a very traditional Mexican hot chocolate, try to use Mexican chocolate, which has a very distinctive and rich flavor. I usually just use some good quality bittersweet chocolate. how to say what you doing in jamaican hot chocolate n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. (warm drink made with chocolate powder) chocolate a la taza loc nom m locucion nominal masculina : Unidad lexica estable formada de dos o mas palabras que funciona como sustantivo masculino ("ojo de buey", "agua mala").
How to say chocolate. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Learn more. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Learn more.
When you come to Phoenix, you absolutely have to eat Mexican food, but there are certain words that are tough to pronounce. If you say these correctly, everyone will surely think you're a native Arizonan, or at least that you eat like one!
Spanish Translation of �chocolate� The official Collins English-Spanish Dictionary online. Over 100,000 Spanish translations of English words and phrases. Over 100,000 Spanish translations of English words and phrases.
26/06/2017�� In this Article: Chili, cinnamon and red pepper hot chocolate Spicy maple hot chocolate Community Q&A References. There are few ways more indulgent to experience the exotic than with a cup of spicy hot chocolate.


In my previous blog posts, I described how the DevOps process is broken as soon as it comes to some network security changes, and how you can use AlgoSec to close this gap and live the DevOps dream to its fullest. I also gave a detailed example on how to make network security DevOps-able using the AlgoSec role for Ansible.
But what if you don't use Ansible? What if you use another orchestration and configuration management framework, or perhaps even some home-grown automation scripts…?
The answer is simple – just follow the same concepts, utilizing AlgoSec's rich API set.
Feeling a bit lazy about reading the API guides and writing all that "glue" code yourself? As a recovering software developer myself, I can obviously relate. That's why we created the AlgoSec Python package.
AlgoSec for Python is an open-source Python SDK, wrapping AlgoSec's official APIs, and providing exactly the functionality you need for the DevOps use case I described, easily usable in any Python integration script.
Decide on a format for the application's connectivity flows inventory. This is typically a json or a YAML file containing a list of flows. Each flow has a name, source, destination and service (either names or IP addresses/subnets/ports). You can optionally define network applications (if using a layer 7 next generation firewall), and even add a comment describing the flow. The file can describe a single application or multiple applications – whatever makes more sense in your DevOps environment.
Then, write some Python code to read that file into Python as a list (you can check out the AlgoSec Ansible role code as a reference).
Don't forget to specify the connectivity requirements in all environments (dev/test/prod) – either in the same application or as separate applications. That way there won't be any surprises when deploying in production.
Use the AlgoSec BusinessFlow API methods in the SDK to check if the required connectivity is already up to date in AlgoSec BusinessFlow, or it needs to be updated, and If needed, update it using the relevant methods. Again, the Ansible role open-source code can serve as an excellent reference for implementing this logic using the SDK. If an update is required – AlgoSec BusinessFlow will automatically open a FireFlow change request (if needed), and then detect the exact path in the network the new flow needs to go through, will verify no security risks will be created by this change, plan the best way to implement it, and then go ahead and push the changes to all firewalls, cloud security groups, or SDN solutions, as needed. Automatically.
Last, it's a good idea to also verify that the connectivity described in the json file is actually allowed by the different security devices (even if no change was made just now). If all is good – return SUCCESS to the DevOps pipeline.
That's it. You're done. You have now successfully leveraged AlgoSec to DevOpsify network connectivity, using the AlgoSec Python SDK.
Feel free to share, with me at or with the world) your implementation! We'd love to see your variants, and hopefully get some great ideas to further improve the existing capabilities and integrations.


text:
Q: playframework Scala return without future Is there a way to just return the Seq[ProcessStepPrerequisitesModel]
and not the future?
My function looks like this:
  def blubb (stepId: Int): Future[Seq[ProcessStepPrerequisitesModel]] ={

      val combinedFuture = for {
        v1 <- processStepPrerequisitesDTO.getProcessStepPrerequisitesByProcessTemplateId(stepId)
        v2 <- processStepPrerequisitesDTO.getProcessStepsPrerequisiteProcessTemplate(stepId)
      } yield (v1,v2)

      val test = combinedFuture.map({ case(v1,v2) => {
        v1.map(v => {
          v2.map(k => {
            if (v.id.get == k.id) v.processTemplate_id = k.processtemplate
            v
          })
        })
        v1
      }})

      test.map(t => {
        println(t)
        t
      })
  }

Thanks in advance!
UPDATE:
Whole method:
 def getEditProcessTemplateData(processTemplateId: Int, clientId: Int): Action[AnyContent] = Action.async {
    //Get all steps of this process templates
    val process = for {
      stepIds <- processTemplateDTO.getProcessStepTemplateIds(processTemplateId)
      allApprovedProcessTemplates <- processTemplateDTO.getApprovedProcessTemplates(clientId) //Get all approved process templates
      processTemplate <- processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplate(processTemplateId, clientId) // Get the Process Template
      prerequisites <- getProcessTemplateForEdit(processPrerequisitesDTO.getProcessPrerequisiteProcessTemplateIdsByProcessTemplateId(processTemplateId), clientId)
      postConditions <- getProcessTemplateForEdit(processPostConditionsDTO.getProcessPostConditionProcessTemplateIdsByProcessTemplateId(processTemplateId), clientId)
      approvedProcessTemplate <- processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplate(processTemplate.get.approveprocess, clientId)
      trainedProcessTemplate <- processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplate(processTemplate.get.trainingsprocess, clientId)
      processSteps <- processTemplateDTO.getProcessStepTemplates(processTemplateId)
      // Responsibles
      responsible <- raciProcessTemplateDTO.getResponsibleProcessTemplates(processTemplateId) // get all responsibles for this process template
      accountable <- raciProcessTemplateDTO.getAccountableProcessTemplates(processTemplateId) // get all accountables for this process template
      consulted <- raciProcessTemplateDTO.getConsultedProcessTemplates(processTemplateId) // get all consulted for this process template
      informed <- raciProcessTemplateDTO.getInformedProcessTemplates(processTemplateId) // get all consulted for this process template
    } yield (stepIds, allApprovedProcessTemplates, processTemplate, prerequisites, postConditions, processSteps, approvedProcessTemplate, trainedProcessTemplate, responsible, accountable, consulted, informed)

    process.flatMap({ case (stepIds, allApprovedProcessTemplates, processTemplate, prerequisites, postConditions, processSteps, approvedProcessTemplate, trainedProcessTemplate, responsible, accountable, consulted, informed) =>

      Future.sequence {
        processSteps.map {
          step =>
            val prerequisiteFuture = processStepPrerequisitesDTO.getProcessStepPrerequisiteProcessTemplateIds(step.id.get)
            prerequisiteFuture.map(prereqTemplates => {
              processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplates(prereqTemplates).map(pres => {
                step.stepPrerequisites = Some(pres)
//                step.prerequisites = blubb(step.id.get)
                step
              })
            })

            // Fetches the StepPostCondition Process Templates
            val postConditionsFuture = processStepPostConditionDTO.getProcessStepPostConditionProcessTemplateIds(step.id.get)
            postConditionsFuture.map(postConsTemplates => {
              processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplates(postConsTemplates).map(pos => {
                step.stepPostconditions = Some(pos)
                step
              })
            })

            // Fetches all Derived ProcessesTemplates for a Process Step Template
            val derivedProcessesFuture = processTemplateDTO.getDerivedProcessesByProcessStep(step.id.get)
            derivedProcessesFuture.map(derived => {
              processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplates(derived).map(derive => {
                step.stepDerivedProcesses = Some(derive)
                step
              })
            })

            // Fetches all Responsibles for ProcessStep Templates
            val responsibleStepFuture = raciProcessStepTemplateDTO.getResponsibleProcessTemplates(step.id.get)
            responsibleStepFuture.map(responsibles => {
              step.stepResponsible = Some(responsibles)
              step
            })

            // Fetches all SubProcesses for a ProcessStepTemplate
            val subProcessesFuture = processTemplateDTO.getSubProcessesByProcessStep(step.id.get)
            subProcessesFuture.map(subProcesses => {
              processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplates(subProcesses).map(sub => {
                step.stepSubProcesses = Some(sub)
                step
              })
            })
        }
      }.flatMap {
        stepTemplates => {
          Future.sequence(stepTemplates).map(processStepTemplates =>
            Ok(Json.obj(
              "allApprovedProcessTemplates" -> allApprovedProcessTemplates,
              "processTemplate" -> processTemplate,
              "prerequisites" -> prerequisites,
              "postConditions" -> postConditions,
              "approvedProcessTemplate" -> approvedProcessTemplate,
              "trainedProcessTemplate" -> trainedProcessTemplate,
              "steps" -> processStepTemplates,
              "responsible" -> responsible,
              "accountable" -> accountable,
              "consulted" -> consulted,
              "informed" -> informed,
              "stepIds" -> stepIds
            )))
        }
      }
    })
  }

A: See How do I wait for asynchronous tasks to complete in scala?
You can wait for a future using Await, like:
def blubb(stepId: Int): Future[Seq[ProcessStepPrerequisitesModel]] = {
  ...
}

def blockingBlubb(stepId: Int): Seq[ProcessStepPrerequisitesModel] = {
  Await.result(blubb(stepId), Duration.Inf);
}

This will "block" a thread, which can cause problems in high-concurrency environments (but won't do any harm in code that is not performance-critical).

A: Try to replace
prerequisiteFuture.map(prereqTemplates => {
  processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplates(prereqTemplates).map(pres => {
    step.stepPrerequisites = Some(pres)
    //                step.prerequisites = blubb(step.id.get)
    step
  })
})

with
prerequisiteFuture.flatMap(prereqTemplates => {
  Future.sequence {
    processTemplateDTO.getProcessTemplates(prereqTemplates).map(pres => {
      step.stepPrerequisites = Some(pres)
      blubb(step.id.get).map(x => {
        step.prerequisites = x
        step
      })
    })
  }
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: how to use git to support centralized, shared "runnable" files I lead a group of 4 developers. We all work on the same machine. We track changes with git repositories, which are subdirectories of a single well-known directory. I'll call these the "main repositories". Each developer clones the main repositories as needed. We pull/push/add/commit, and in general it works. BTW we don't use branches, we come from a simpler time.
We are developing Ansible playbooks. They are scripts (not compiled/linked). There are non-developer users on the machine who need to run the playbooks. They need access to current working versions. The non-developers don't know how to use git, and we don't want to teach them. To make versions of the "current" playbooks available to non-developers, we made the main repositories non-bare.
When a developer does a "git push", we want git to store the changes behind-the-scenes, and update the playbook file(s) in the main repositories. This doesn't happen reliably. If I go to one of my development repositories and create a new file, then do add/commit/push, the commands don't complain, but the new file doesn't appear in the main repository. Also, if I clone the main repository, the new file isn't in the cloned repository.
I have done this in the main repositories:
  git config --local receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead
Any help appreciated.


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text:
Salisbury University Arboretum
Situated in the heart of the Eastern Shore, The Salisbury University Arboretum holds some of the most horticulturally diverse grounds in the local region. A vision for the campus' landscape to cultivate educational and aesthetic significance began in the 1920's when the institution was founded, celebrated its first Arbor Day, and planted Holloway Hall's notable Linden trees. Since then, the arboretum has become the area's unique and ideal setting for the scientific study and public display of carefully selected woody and herbaceous plants to include native, rare, and unusual specimens and collections.
The living plant collections include over 2700 accessioned and mapped trees and an extensive inventory of individual woody plants, which are showcased in carefully designed garden spaces, themed gardens and landscape settings throughout the 200 acre campus. The arboretum features collections of maples, redbuds, crape myrtles, cypresses, magnolias, deciduous azaleas, witch hazels, rhododendrons, vines, hellebores, as well as Maryland State Champion Trees, and native and pollinator plants.
The University's educational programs, tours, and community events assist with highlighting and interpreting the arboretum's dedication to the biological and geographical sciences and environmental sustainability.
1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, Maryland 21801, United States,
jmgolightly@salisbury.edu
http://www.salisbury.edu/arboretum