text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

Plutonium-based materials have been extensively investigated because of not
only their great technological importance in the nuclear industry application
but also their interesting rich physical properties from the basic theoretical
viewpoint. Metallic Pu locates in the boundary of localized and delocalized
5\emph{f} electrons among the actinide metals and it has six different phase
under different temperatures and pressures because of the complex character of
the 5\emph{f} electrons \cite{r1,r2}. As for plutonium oxides, which are the
only products when metallic plutonium is exposed in air, can store the surplus
metallic plutonium \cite{r3}. The corrosion oxidation of metallic plutonium in
air is very hot topic since it is a key problem for the protection and storage
of plutonium-based nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the thermodynamics and redox
properties of plutonium oxides are also complex and interesting. When Pu is
exposed to dry air at room temperature, the plutonium dioxide PuO$_{2}$ layer
is formed and a thin layer of plutonium oxide Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is followed on
plutonium surfaces \cite{r3}. After several months or years, most of the
PuO$_{2}$ layer auto-reduces into Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ layer. Especially, at
150-200$^{\mathrm{{o}}}$C, all the PuO$_{2}$ layer auto-reduces into Pu$_{2}%
$O$_{3}$ layer in minutes \cite{r3}. Usually, the mentioned plutonium
sesquioxide is $\beta$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in the hexagonal structure
(\emph{P$\bar{3}$m\textrm{{1}}}). However, another abnormal body centered
cubic form, plutonium sesquioxide PuO$_{1.52}$, was also detected \cite{r4}.
The ideal stoichiometric cubic plutonium sesquioxide is $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}%
$O$_{3}$ (\emph{C}-type PuO$_{1.5}$), which are consisted of 32 Pu atoms and
48 O atoms per unit cell. $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ has not been prepared as a
single-phase compound, since it is stable only below 300$^{\mathrm{{o}}}$C
\cite{r5}. A mixture of cubic PuO$_{1.52}$ and PuO$_{1.98}$ can be obtained by
partial reduction of PuO$_{2}$ at high temperature and cooling to room
temperature \cite{r5}.

Naturally, the reduction of PuO$_{2}$ into $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is easy to
happen because of the similarity of their cubic structures. PuO$_{2}$
crystallizes in the CaF$_{2}$ structure (see Fig. 1) with the plutonium and
oxygen atoms forming face-centered and simple cubic sublattices, respectively,
and the cubic $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ can be obtained from PuO$_{2}$
2$\times$2$\times$2 supercell after removing ordered 25\% oxygen atoms
\cite{r3}. Actually, the structure of $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is
body-centered cubic with space group \emph{Ia$\bar{3}$} (No.206). Oxygen atoms
occupy the 48\emph{e} sites, and plutonium atoms occupy the 24\emph{d} and
8\emph{a} sites \cite{r5} (see Fig. 1). Furthermore, if the 16\emph{c} sites
are also occupied by oxygen atoms, the resulting cell is the same as PuO$_{2}$
2$\times$2$\times$2 supercell. Therefore, as mentioned above, the cubic
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ can be obtained by removing oxygen atoms located in
the 16\emph{c} (0.25,0.25,0.25) sites.

\begin{figure}[ptb]
\includegraphics*[height=4.6cm,keepaspectratio]{fig1}\caption{(left) unit cell
of PuO$_{2}$ with CaF$_{2}$-type structure. (right) unit cell of $\alpha
$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ (body-centered cubic). The blue and red spheres denote Pu
and O atoms, respectively.}%
\label{fig1:epsart}%
\end{figure}

In this work, we pay special attention to how the electronic structure,
magnetic order, and Pu valence states change during the PuO$_{2}$-Pu$_{2}%
$O$_{3}$($\alpha$) reduction process. In PuO$_{2}$, Pu is in the
ideal stable $+$4 oxidation state while in $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$
the ideal oxidation state is $+3$. This change of valence states may
illustrates that the 5\emph{f} electrons are more localized in
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$. Similar to CeO$_{2}$-Ce$_{2}$O$_{3}$
reduction transition \cite{r6}, after creating one oxygen vacancy,
two electrons left behind are condensed into localized
\emph{f}-level traps on two plutonium atoms, therefore, the valence
for Pu changes from +4 to +3. Furthermore, due to the localization
our results show that the volume expands 7\% during
PuO$_{2}$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ isostructure reduction process.

In order to describe more accurately the strong on-site Coulomb
repulsion interaction among the plutonium 5\emph{f} electrons, we
use the generalized gradient approximation (GGA)+\emph{U} scheme.
Our previous studies showed that the GGA+\emph{U} approach can
accurately describe the electronic structures and thermodynamic
properties of PuO$_{2}$ and $\beta$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ \cite{r8}, which
has motivated more theoretical calculations in these two years
\cite{Jom,Andersson,Petit}. In the following, our calculated results
demonstrate that the GGA+\emph{U} correction can also successfully
predict the ground state properties of cubic
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and reliably describe the
PuO$_{2}$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$($\alpha$) reduction process. Our study
shows that the system's volume expands during the reduction process.
Also, two well-resolved peaks in the density of states (DOS) are
observed and identified to originate from the Pu 5$f$ and O 2$p$
states in PuO$_{2}$, which are consistent well with the recent
photoemission measurements \cite{r9}. In addition, our calculated
bulk modulus for PuO$_{2}$ is 180 GPa with Hubbard \emph{U}=3.0 eV,
which agrees excellently with the recent refined experimental values
of 178 GPa \cite{r90}. However, in Ref. \cite{r10}, this value is
largely overestimated to be 379 GPa.

\section{DETAILS OF CALCULATION}

Our first-principles calculations are based on the density
functional theory (DFT) and the Vienna ab initio simulation package
(VASP) \cite{r11} using the GGA for the exchange correlation
potential \cite{r12}. The electron and core interactions are
included using the frozen-core projected augmented wave (PAW)
approach which combines the accuracy of augmented-plane-wave methods
with the efficiency of the pseudo-potential approach\cite{r13}. The
Pu 5\emph{f}, 6\emph{s}, 6\emph{p}, 6\emph{d}, and 7\emph{s} as well
as the oxygen 2\emph{s} and 2\emph{p} electrons are explicitly
treated as valence electrons. The electron wave function is expanded
in plane waves up to a cutoff energy of 500 eV. For the Brillouin
zone integration, the 2$\times$2$\times$2 Monkhorst-Pack sampling is
adopted. The strong on-site Coulomb repulsion among the localized Pu
5\emph{f} electrons is described by using the formalism formulated
by Dudarev \emph{et al. }\cite{r7}. In this scheme, only the
difference between the spherically averaged screened Coulomb energy
\emph{U} and the exchange energy \emph{J} is important for the total
LDA (GGA) energy functional. Thus, in the following we label them as
one single effective parameter \emph{U} for brevity. In our
calculation, we use \emph{J}=0.75 eV for the exchange energy, which
is close to the values used in other previous work
\cite{r8,Andersson}.

\section{RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS}

\subsection{Atomic and electronic structure of PuO$_{2}$}

In order to investigate the electronic and structural properties of
$\alpha $-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and how these properties change during the
reduction process from PuO$_{2}$ to $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, it is
essential to first calculate the corresponding properties of
PuO$_{2}$. Table I shows our calculated lattice constant
\emph{a}$_{0}$ and bulk modulus \emph{B}$_{0}$ and its pressure
derivative \emph{B}$_{0}^{^{\prime}}$ within GGA+\emph{U} scheme
with different Hubbard \emph{U} parameters. We performed the
ferromagnetic (FM) and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) coupling
calculations to decide which is the ground state according to the
total energies for each choice of the Hubbard \emph{U} value.
PuO$_{2}$ is known to be an insulator \cite{r15} and some scattered
experimental data proved its ground state to be an AFM phase
\cite{r16}. For bare GGA, i.e., \emph{U}=0 eV, our calculated result
predicts PuO$_{2}$ to be a FM metal, similar to the conclusion of
previous studies. This is contrary to experimental observation. By
increasing the amplitude of $U$, as shown in Fig. 2, the total
energy difference between the two phases decreases; the AFM phase
begins to be energetically preferred at $U\mathtt{\sim}$1.5 eV. We
find that the convergence to the correct AFM phase is very rapid.
Taking \emph{U}=3.0 eV, for example, the total energy (per formula
unit) for the AFM phase is lower than for the FM phase by a large
value of 0.4 eV. Note that in our calculation of PuO$_{2}$ in this
section, we have chosen two kinds of magnetic configurations. One is
that the Pu magnetic moments $\mu$ are confined along the $z$ axis
in a simple +$-$+$-$ alternation of spins, while the other is the
innerlayer alternation of spins. Our results show that the total
energies for the two configurations are degenerate. In the ideal
ionic limit, the formal charge for Pu ions in PuO$_{2}$ is +4,
corresponding to the formal population of \emph{f}$^{4}$ for
\emph{f} orbitals. Our direct calculated magnetic moments $\mu$ for
each plutonium ion is 4.16 (in unit of Bohr magneton) mainly
contributed by 4\emph{f} orbitals of 4.09, which is very close to
the population of \emph{f}$^{4}$.
\begin{figure}[ptb]
\includegraphics*[height=5.8cm,keepaspectratio]{fig2}
\caption{The total energies for PuO$_{2}$ in FM and AFM phases with different Hubbard \emph{U} parameters.}%
\label{fig2:epsart}%
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[ptb]
\caption{Calculated and experimental lattice constants \emph{a}$_{0}$({\AA })
and bulk modules \emph{B}(GPa) for Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and PuO$_{2}$ by the
GGA+\emph{U} scheme. }%
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{lccccccc}
&\emph{U}(eV) & order&\emph{a}$_{0}$(\AA)   &  \emph{B}$_{0}$(GPa) & \emph{B}$_{0}^{'}$ \\
\hline
PuO$_{2}$      &4.0& FM&5.454&184&3.72\\
&4.0&AFM&5.477&184&3.72\\
&3.0& FM&5.438&183&4.72\\
&3.0&AFM&5.458&180&4.68\\
&0& FM&5.386&193&3.95\\
&0&AFM&5.398&187&3.67\\
&Expt.&&5.396&&\\
Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$&0 & FM&10.91&133&5.52\\
&0 &AFM&10.92&123&4.25\\
&3.0& FM&11.14&119&4.05\\
&3.0&AFM&11.17&122&3.82\\
&4.0& FM&11.18&120&3.91\\
&4.0&AFM&11.20&128&3.31\\
&Expt.&&11.05&&\\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

The equilibrium lattice constant $a_{0}$ and bulk modulus $B_{0}$ and its
pressure derivative \emph{B}$_{0}^{^{\prime}}$ are obtained by fitting the
Murnaghan equation of state \cite{r18}. At \emph{U}=3.0 and 4.0 eV, the
present lattice constants \emph{a}$_{0}$ are 5.458 and 5.477 \AA \ for the AFM
phase, respectively, which are in good agreement with the experimental value
of 5.396 \AA \cite{r19}. As for the bulk modulus, our calculated results are
180 and 184 GPa with \emph{U}=3.0 and 4.0 eV, respectively, which agree well
with the recent refined experimental value of 179 GPa. However, in an early
experiment \cite{r10}, this value is largely overestimated to be 379 GPa.
Notice that the results of lattice constant and bulk modulus are 5.46
\AA \ and 220 GPa, respectively, which are obtained using
hybrid-density-functional calculations \cite{r20}. The physical insulating
behavior of PuO$_{2}$ with an experimentally comparable Mott gap of
$\mathtt{\sim}$1.5 eV has as well been obtained with Hubbard \emph{U} in a
range of 3-4 eV. Therefore, our GGA+\emph{U} results can provide a
satisfactory description of the atomic, mechanical, electronic, and magnetic
(FM or AFM) structures of PuO$_{2}$. This encourages us to investigate in the
following the ground-state properties of $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ by the same
method, which turns to be remarkably effective as well. The present
calculation of PuO$_{2}$ is also necessary for theoretical access to
the\ PuO$_{2}\mathtt{\leftrightarrow}$Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$($\alpha$) redox energy,
which will be discussed below.

\subsection{Atomic and electronic structure of $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$}

$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in body-centered cubic structure is the end product
during the reduction action process. The crystal structure of $\alpha$%
-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is well confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction measurement
\cite{r4,r5}. As mentioned above, after building the PuO$_{2}$ 2$\times
$2$\times$2 supercell and removing 25\% oxygen atoms in special sites,
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ can be obtained. Therefore, there are 32 plutonium
atoms and 48 oxygen atoms in the unit cell for $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ (see
Fig. 1). The calculated structural and mechanical parameters within
GGA+\emph{U} scheme with different Hubbard \emph{U} parameters for $\alpha
$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ are also collected in table I. We also performed the
calculations in FM and AFM phases for $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$. For the AFM
calculations, we adopted two different spin arrangements of plutonium ions.
One spin arrangement is to confine $\mu$ along the \emph{z} axis in a simple
intra- or interlayer +$-$+$-$ alternation of spins, as what we dealt with
PuO$_{2}$ in the last section. Another model is to use the same spin
arrangement as in $\alpha$-Mn$_{2}$O$_{3}$. Based on the neutron diffraction
measurement, Regulski \emph{et al}. \cite{r22} proposed a appropriate
collinear AFM ordering, in which four basic magnetic cubic sublattices are
constructed and the summation of magnetic moments of eight ions are assumed to
be zero in each cube. We also adopt this AFM configuration as one additional
candidate to calculate the total energy of $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ as a
function of $U$. The calculated lattice constant in the latter AFM ordering
are 10.92, 11.17, and 11.20 \AA \ for \emph{U}= 0, 3.0, and 4.0 eV, and the
corresponding bulk modulus are 123, 122, and 128 GPa, respectively. Note that
the corresponding experimental lattice constant is in a range of 11.03 to
11.07 \AA  \cite{r4,r5}. We find that similar to PuO$_{2}$, at Hubbard
\emph{U}=0 eV, the result obtained by bare GGA predicts $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}%
$O$_{3}$ to be a FM metal. Considering that traditional DFT approach within
the bare GGA scheme underestimates the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion of
plutonium 5\emph{f} electrons and can not accurately describe the localization
of 5\emph{f} electrons, therefore, we conclude this result obtained by bare
GGA is not correct although no magnetic susceptibility or neutron powder
diffraction data are available. Further calculations show that at Hubbard
\emph{U}=3.0 eV and 4.0 eV, the ground state of $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is an
AFM insulator (see below). Notice that our direct calculations show that the
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in AFM phase is preferred to the latter spin
arrangement as mentioned above. The corresponding energy differences $\Delta
E$=\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{AFM1}}}\mathtt{-}$\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{AFM2}}}$ are 43
and 26 meV at \emph{U}=3.0 and 4.0 eV per unit cell, respectively. As for the
stability of AFM phase, the energy differences $\Delta E$=\emph{E}%
$_{\mathrm{{AFM2}}}\mathtt{-}$\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{FM}}}$ are $\mathtt{-}$3.63
and $\mathtt{-}$5.80 eV at \emph{U}=3.0 and 4.0 eV per unit cell, respectively.

\subsection{Changes in the electronic properties during reduction process}

\begin{figure}[ptb]
\includegraphics*[height=7.8cm,keepaspectratio]{fig3}
\caption{The total DOS for AFM PuO$_{2}$ and projected orbital-resolved
partial DOS for Pu 6\emph{d}, Pu 5\emph{f}, and O 2\emph{p} at Hubbard (a)
\emph{U}=0 eV and (b)\emph{U}=3 eV, respectively. The Fermi level is set to
zero.}%
\label{fig2:epsart}%
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ptb]
\includegraphics*[height=7.8cm,keepaspectratio]{fig4}
\caption{The total DOS for AFM $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and projected
orbital-resolved partial DOS for Pu 6\emph{d}, Pu 5\emph{f}, and O 2\emph{p}
at Hubbard (a) \emph{U}=0 eV and (b)\emph{U}=3 eV, respectively. The Fermi
level is set to zero.}%
\label{fig3:epsart}%
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}[ptb]
\includegraphics*[height=9.6cm,keepaspectratio]{fig5}
\caption{Charge density in the (110) plane for (a) PuO$_{2}$ and (b) $\alpha
$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, respectively. The contour lines are plotted from 0.000 to
1.300 by the interval of 0.1083 e/\AA $^{3}$.}%
\label{fig4:epsart}%
\end{figure*}

In PuO$_{2}$ and $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, the ideal oxidation states of Pu
ions are +4 and +3, respectively. This valence difference apparently shows
that the population of 5\emph{f} changes and in depth demonstrates that the
behavior of Pu 5\emph{f} is very complex. Directly, $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$
can be constructed from PuO$_{2}$ by removing 25\% oxygen atoms. After
removing one oxygen atom, two additional electrons are left behind. These two
electrons will occupy the lowest unoccupied states derived from Pu 5\emph{f}
orbitals. This leads to the fact that the population of \emph{f}$^{5}$ forms
in $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, while \emph{f}$^{4}$ in PuO$_{2}$. This clearly
illustrates that Pu 5\emph{f} orbitals are more localized in $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}%
$O$_{3}$ compared with PuO$_{2}$. In the following, we systematically
investigated how the electronic structures characterized by 5\emph{f}
electrons change from PuO$_{2}$ to $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$. In order to make
comparison, the electronic structure properties of PuO$_{2}$ 2$\times$%
2$\times$2 supercell containing 96 atoms are also calculated. We will show in
detail how the volume of unit cell, density of states (DOS), charge
distribution, valence state, and magnetic order change. All the following
results are obtained by GGA+\emph{U} scheme with \emph{U}=3.0 eV except extra hints.

(I) The calculated lattice constants for PuO$_{2}$ and $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$%
O$_{3}$ in their AFM phase are 5.458 and 11.17 \AA , leading to 7\% volume
expansion. This suggests that the 5\emph{f} electrons are more localized in
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$. Due to the increasing localization, the interaction
between Pu ions and the cohesion of the crystal decrease, therefore the
lattice constant increases. The similar phenomenon has also been observed in
the reduction process from Ce$_{2}$O$_{3}$ to CeO$_{2}$ with a 10\% volume
change \cite{r6} also because of the increasing localization of the \emph{f} orbitals.

(II) The total DOS for PuO$_{2}$ (96 atoms) and
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ (80 atoms) within GGA+\emph{U} scheme at
different Hubbard \emph{U} are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively.
In order to make a clear comparison, the orbital-resolved partial
DOS for Pu 6\emph{d}, Pu 5\emph{f}, and O 2\emph{p} orbitals are
also plotted. As showed in Fig. 3(a), at \emph{U}=0 eV, it is
clearly that the bare GGA scheme predicts PuO$_{2}$ to be a metal,
which is contrary to the experimentally established insulating
ground state \cite{r15}. However, in Fig. 3(b), at Hubbard
\emph{U}=3.0 eV, one can see that the present result correctly
predict PuO$_{2}$ to be an AFM insulator. As for
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, at Hubbard \emph{U}=0 eV showed in Fig.
4(a), the bare GGA approach predicts the FM metal ground state as we
expected, which is supposed to be not reasonable by considering the
necessity of the Hubbard \emph{U} correction. At Hubbard
\emph{U}=3.0 eV, the calculated DOS showed in Fig. 4(b) again
suggests $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ to be in the insulating AFM ground
state. Concerning the satisfactory description of the electronic
structures for PuO$_{2}$ and the fact that the 5$f$ electrons in
$\alpha $-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ are more localized than in PuO$_{2}$, we
predict $\alpha $-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ to be an insulator in the AFM
state, although no experimental data can be obtained.

As for the projected orbital-resolved partial DOS showed in Fig.
3(b) for PuO$_{2}$, the occupied DOS is featured by two
well-resolved peaks. One near $\mathtt{-}$1.8 eV is dominated by Pu
5\emph{f} character, while another one near $\mathtt{-}$4.0 eV is
mostly O 2\emph{p}, which have observed in the recent photoemission
measurement \cite{r9}. One can see that Pu 6\emph{d}, Pu 5\emph{f},
and O 2\emph{p} states (especially between Pu 5\emph{f} and O
2\emph{p}) shows a significant hybridization covering from
$\mathtt{-}$5.7 to $\mathtt{-}$0.4 eV. This hybridization is also
responsible for the strong covalency of PuO$_{2}$. However, for
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, the Pu(5\emph{f})-O(2\emph{p})
hybridization is much smaller due to the fact that Pu 5\emph{f} and
O 2\emph{p} occupied states are well separated as showed in Fig.
4(b). Furthermore, the covalency in $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is
weaker than PuO$_{2}$, which can also be demonstrated by the charge
density distribution discussed below. We also note that in
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, the occupied 5\emph{f} peak around
$\mathtt{-}$1.3 eV is very narrow, indicating that the 5\emph{f}
orbitals are very localized, which is consistent with the conclusion
in above part (I).

(III) In order to obtain further understanding of the electronic
structure and bonding properties, the contours of the charge
densities in the (110) plane are also plotted for AFM PuO$_{2}$ and
AFM $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in Figs. 5(a) and 5(b), respectively.
Note that the contour lines are plotted from 0.000 to 1.300 by the
interval of 0.1083 e/\r{A}$^{3}$. For PuO$_{2}$ in Fig. 5(a), it is
evident that there are some closed contours existing between Pu and
O atoms. This suggests that the covalent bonding character exists in
PuO$_{2}$ as discussed in above part (II). Compared with the charge
density distribution for $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ showed in Fig.
5(b), one can see that the charge density at most bridges connecting
Pu and O atoms are larger in PuO$_{2}$ than in
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, this demonstrates that the covalency is
much stronger in the former. Note that the distribution of charge
density around Pu atoms is nearly spherical, while the distribution
around O atoms is a little deformed towards their bonds. Therefore,
it is easy to decide their ionic radii according the minimum value
of charge density along the nearest Pu-O bond. Then we can obtain
the valence states for Pu ions discussed below.

(IV) For PuO$_{2}$ and $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, there are 12.463 and 12.835
electrons around the plutonium ions with ionic radii of 1.287 and 1.319 \AA ,
therefore, the plutonium ions are presented as Pu$^{3.54+}$ and Pu$^{3.16+}$,
which are close to the corresponding ideal valence states +4 and +3 for
plutonium ions, respectively.

(V) As for the magnetic order, we notice for PuO$_{2}$
(2$\times$2$\times$2 supercell) the second spin arrangement model is
also more energetically
favored with the energy difference $\Delta E$=\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{AFM1}}}%
$-\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{AFM2}}}$ of 0.733 and 0.372 eV (per 2$\times$2$\times$2
supercell) at Hubbard \emph{U}=3.0 and 4.0 eV, respectively. As for $\alpha
$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, the corresponding energy differences $\Delta E$%
=\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{AFM1}}}$-\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{AFM2}}}$ are 43
and 26 meV at \emph{U}=3.0 and 4.0 eV per unit cell, respectively.
Our direct calculations show that the magnetic moments are about 4.2
and 5.0 $\mu_{B}$ per Pu ion in PuO$_{2}$ and
$\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, which are mainly contributed by 5\emph{f}
electrons of 4.1 and 5.0 $\mu_{B}$ and very close to the
corresponding populations of \emph{f}$^{4}$ and \emph{f}$^{5}$ for
plutonium ions, respectively. Notice that all the results of AFM
phase listed in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are obtained by the second spin
arrangement model because it is energetically favored.

\subsection{Reduction reaction energy}

To further know the thermodynamic properties of the reduction process from
PuO$_{2}$ to $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ via the reaction
\[
\mathrm{{PuO_{2}(2\times2\times2\ supercell)-8O_{2}=Pu_{2}O_{3}}(\alpha),}%
\]
we have calculated the reaction energy $\Delta$\emph{E}=\emph{E}%
$_{\mathrm{{Pu_{2}O_{3}}}}$-\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{PuO_{2}}}}$+8\emph{E}%
$_{\mathrm{{O_{2}}}}$ at Hubbard \emph{U}=3.0 eV. Note that \emph{E}%
$_{\mathrm{{Pu_{2}O_{3}}}}$, \emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{PuO_{2}}}}$, and
\emph{E}$_{\mathrm{{O_{2}}}}$ are the total energies for Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ (unit
cell), PuO$_{2}$ (2$\times$2$\times$2 supercell), and (spin-polarized) oxygen
molecule, respectively. Considering the overestimation of the binding energy
for O$_{2}$ introduced by DFT, we use the experimental cohesive energy value
of 5.21 eV for O$_{2}$ \cite{r23}. Finally, the reaction energy is 55.04 eV
(per $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ unit cell). This indicates that the reaction is
endothermic, which is consistent with the fact that $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$
can be experimentally obtained by partial reduction of PuO$_{2}$ at high
temperature \cite{r5}.

\section{SUMMARY}

In summary, we have studied the structural, electronic, and
thermodynamics properties of PuO$_{2}$ and $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$
in their antiferromagnetic insulator states. We find that after
partial oxygen atoms removed from PuO$_{2}$, the left electrons are
localized into the Pu 5\emph{f} orbitals. As a consequence, several
physical properties have changed correspondingly listed in
following. (1) In PuO$_{2}$, the ideal valence state for Pu is +4,
while in $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$, the valence state is +3. Our
charge density integration around Pu ion sphere also confirms this
conclusion. (2) The magnetic moments per Pu ion increase from 4
$\mu_{B}$ for PuO$_{2}$ to 5 $\mu_{B}$ for $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$,
which correspond to the populations of \emph{f}$^{4}$ and
\emph{f}$^{5}$, respectively. (3) Due to the more localization of
5\emph{f} electrons, which do not contribute to the chemical
bonding, thus the cohesion of $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ decreases. As
a result, the volume expands about 7\% according to our calculation.
(4) Because of more localization of 5\emph{f} orbitals, the occupied
Pu 5\emph{f} and O 2\emph{p} orbitals are well separated, the
hybridization between them decreases. Finally the covalency of the
Pu-O bond in $\alpha$-Pu$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is weakened. The calculated
DOS and charge density distribution also demonstrate this.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the Foundations for Development of
Science and Technology of China Academy of Engineering Physics.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Small Town Films inc. is an independent media producer of documentary, short films and reports on events, topics and issues in the capacity of video journalist.
Small Town Films inc. is an active community member and offers Educational courses in video making for Amateurs and Small Businesses. Information about "D.I.Y. Filmmaking" courses can be found on the Facebook page: D.I.Y. Filmmaking in Nelson or through the Oxygen Art Centre in Nelson, B.C.


text:
Q: Email showing Array instead of image I have a contact from that allows users to add an attachment but the email I receive shows Array where the image id should be.
Form details below.
First Name: gffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Last Name: williams
Email: jessie747williams@gmail.com
Subject: hello
Image: Array (HERE) shousd show the image like apple.jpg
Comments: fd

     //Settings
    $max_allowed_file_size = 100; // size in KB
    $allowed_extensions = array("jpg", "jpeg", "gif", "bmp");
    //Validations
    if($size_of_uploaded_file > $max_allowed_file_size )
    {
      $errors .= "\n Size of file should be less than $max_allowed_file_size";
    }
    //------ Validate the file extension -----
    $allowed_ext = false;
    for($i=0; $i<sizeof($allowed_extensions); $i++)
    {
      if(strcasecmp($allowed_extensions[$i],$type_of_uploaded_file) == 0)
      {
        $allowed_ext = true;
      }
    }
    if(!$allowed_ext)
    {
      $errors .= "\n The uploaded file is not supported file type. ".
      " Only the following file types are supported: ".implode(',',$allowed_extensions);
    }

      if(!empty($_FILES['uploaded_file']))
      {
        $path = "uploads/";
        $path = $path . basename( $_FILES['uploaded_file']['name']);
        if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['uploaded_file']['tmp_name'], $path)) {
          header("Location: https://www.website.com/thank-you-image/");
        } else{
            echo "There was an error uploading the file, please try again!";
        }
      }

    ?>

    <?php
    if(isset($_POST['email'])) {

        // EDIT THE 2 LINES BELOW AS REQUIRED
        $email_to = "xxx@gmail.com";
        $email_subject = "Add my image to xxx";
     header("Location: https://www.website.com/thank-you-image/");

        function died($error) {
            // your error code can go here
            echo "We are very sorry, but there were error(s) found with the form you submitted. ";
            echo "These errors appear below.

";
            echo $error."

";
            echo "Please go back and fix these errors.

";
            die();
        }

        // validation expected data exists
        if(!isset($_POST['first_name']) ||
            !isset($_POST['last_name']) ||
            !isset($_POST['subject']) ||
            !isset($_POST['email']) ||
            !isset($_FILES['uploaded_file']) ||
            !isset($_POST['comments'])) {
            died('We are sorry, but there appears to be a problem with the form you submitted.');
        }

        $first_name = $_POST['first_name']; // required
        $last_name = $_POST['last_name']; // required
        $email_from = $_POST['email']; // required
        $subject = $_POST['subject']; // required
        $uploaded_file = $_FILES['uploaded_file']; // required
        $comments = $_POST['comments']; // required

        $error_message = "";
        $email_exp = '/^[A-Za-z0-9._%-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}$/';

      if(!preg_match($email_exp,$email_from)) {
        $error_message .= 'The Email Address you entered does not appear to be valid.
';
      }

        $string_exp = "/^[A-Za-z .'-]+$/";

      if(!preg_match($string_exp,$first_name)) {
        $error_message .= 'The First Name you entered does not appear to be valid.
';
      }

      if(!preg_match($string_exp,$last_name)) {
        $error_message .= 'The Last Name you entered does not appear to be valid.
';
      }

     if(!preg_match($string_exp,$subject)) {
        $error_message .= 'The Subject you entered does not appear to be valid.
';
      }

      if(strlen($comments) < 2) {
        $error_message .= 'The Comments you entered do not appear to be valid.
';
      }

      if(strlen($error_message) > 0) {
        died($error_message);
      }

        $email_message = "Form details below.\n\n";

        function clean_string($string) {
          $bad = array("content-type","bcc:","to:","cc:","href");
          return str_replace($bad,"",$string);
        }

        $email_message .= "First Name: ".clean_string($first_name)."\n";
        $email_message .= "Last Name: ".clean_string($last_name)."\n";
        $email_message .= "Email: ".clean_string($email_from)."\n";
        $email_message .= "Subject: ".clean_string($subject)."\n";
        $email_message .= "Image: ".clean_string($uploaded_file)."\n";
        $email_message .= "Comments: ".clean_string($comments)."\n";

    // create email headers
    $headers = 'From: '.$email_from."\r\n".
    'Reply-To: '.$email_from."\r\n" .
    'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();
    @mail($email_to, $email_subject, $email_message, $headers);
    ?>

    Thank you for contacting us. We will be in touch with you very soon.

A: So change
"Image: ".clean_string($uploaded_file)."\n";

to
"Image: ".clean_string($uploaded_file['name'])."\n";

Update:
Also, add  to your $bad variable in clean_string() function.
$bad = array("content-type","bcc:","to:","cc:","href","");

Although email service providers strip Javascript code, but just an extra security measure.

A: Simply change:
$uploaded_file = $_FILES['uploaded_file'];

to
$uploaded_file = $_FILES['uploaded_file']['name'];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What is a good approach to Flip through many (over 40) images? Ive looked into the ViewFlipper, but defining 40 different views in one XML doc just doesn't seem like a bright idea. I know there has to be a better way, I just don't know how. I have spent some time trying to find a answer with no good answer so far.

A: A simple approach would be to simply contain two ImageViews within the ViewFlipper. Then when you request the next or previous view, set the new image resource for the next view and flip.
If you implement a lazy loader using AsyncTask or a Handler this will stop your UI thread from blocking.
Hope this helps!

A: I have used the Gallery widget (admittedly quite heavily modified) to display 200 fullscreen images in an image viewer for a client.
Alternatively you could use a ViewAimator with either 2 (in this case ViewFlipper) or 3 views (3 if you want to preload both the next and previous images). If you go for this approach then Laurence beat me to suggesting this idea ;) However I'd add that you would want to extend the ViewAnimator/ViewFlipper class to allow it to accept some type of Adapter.

A: You could use a ViewPager (included in the Android compatibility library if you need to support pre-Honeycomb devices).


text:
New Landscapes
Is It Safe to Eat Local Produce After a Wildfire?
A team from California is investigating the effects of toxic ash on fruit and vegetables in Sonoma County following 2017's devastating wildfires. Their findings could help unravel the larger mystery of how pollution affects produce.
Sophie Yeo
Farm employee Zebulon Siegel holds salvaged produce at Oak Hill Farm following the 2017 fires in Sonoma County, California.
(Photo: David Cooper)
After the wildfires ripped through Sonoma County, California, last October, Evan Wiig went into his garden and found his homegrown vegetables covered in a layer of ash. Scattered among this toxic dust were pages of books that had rained down from the sky.
It wasn't just Wiig's yard. The burned remains from the wildfire dusted the landscape for miles around. As the immediate shock of the disaster subsided, this visible pollution led people to wonder whether their fresh produce had been contaminated by the smoke.
The soot-covered vegetables made an impression because Wiig, as a community organizer with the Farmers Guild and the Community Alliance With Family Farmers, had been one of the people responsible for coordinating a regional food relief effort—in part through dispensing homegrown produce. As more than 100,000 people were evacuated and many lost their homes, one of the main challenges was ensuring that people had enough to eat.
Eager to steer people away from a "disaster diet" of canned and processed foods, Wiig had reached out to local farmers, who responded generously and enthusiastically from within the county and beyond, bringing truckloads of fresh produce to the evacuation centers.
"Suddenly, people didn't have their kitchens, people were in shelters, people were being taken in by friends and family. You had folks who suddenly had 10 other people to feed in their home, and it was expensive," Wiig says. "There was an immediate need for food, and all these incredible grassroots emergency kitchens started popping up."
Yet as ash wafted from the sky, organizers began to confront a new worry: Was the food they were providing safe to eat?
Residents, too, had seen the ash that had descended from the sky and coated the ground, and they knew that it contained nothing good. The wildfires hadn't just burned through forest, but also through urban areas, including more than 5,000 structures. Everything burned, from plastics to cleaning products to cars, and the winds had now sprinkled these toxic substances across Sonoma County's gardens and fields.
The damaging effects of wildfire-related air pollution on human health are well documented. Residents naturally wanted to know if they were directly consuming the same toxins they had been told to avoid breathing—a concern that will only grow more fraught and widespread near urban areas under intensifying global wildfires.
Vanessa Raditz, who works part-time as a farmer in New Jersey, had rushed to Sonoma County when she heard about the disaster. She was living in Oakland at the time but had previously spent a year doing food and community work in the area, and felt herself drawn toward the scene of the disaster. She remembers how, as she hauled boxes of produce into the kitchen, another volunteer asked her how quickly she thought air pollutants could get into the soil and be taken up through the roots of the plants.
Raditz was well equipped to answer the question. She'd recently finished a master's degree in public health at the University of California–Berkeley, where she'd partly focused on the impact of air pollution on a roof garden in Helsinki, Finland. She replied that contaminants didn't need to enter the soil to be absorbed by the plant; studies have shown that leaves can absorb certain pollutants, like lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, directly from the air.
Raditz wasn't alone in hearing concerns about the quality of the fresh produce being donated. Farmers were also fielding queries about their fruit and vegetables, and, with few answers at hand, all they could do was advise their customers to triple-wash their products. Suzi Grady, program director at Petaluma Bounty, another local food organization that was key in the emergency response, says that some customers questioned whether she should be promoting this local produce after the fire at all.
The public uncertainty over the safety of the produce was compounded by the scarcity of published scientific studies on the risks. Based on her previous work, Raditz considered it unlikely that the smoke from the fire would cause a hazard to public health, but she thought that there was enough uncertainty—and enough public interest in the question—to collect some hard data.
"This is really not the thing to be worried about, in the grand scheme of all the things to be worried about when a wildfire hits your city," she says. "But the reason we still moved forward was because so many people were concerned, and I think their concern was justified."
Those concerns were also potentially harmful. Sonoma County has a rich and resilient food system. In rejecting it, residents would potentially replace their diet of local organic produce with food grown in areas that are more severely, albeit less visibly, polluted—for instance, from tailpipe and industrial emissions. Rejecting local vegetables could also bring financial hardship to the county's farmers, who not only donated their produce, but, in some cases, lost farms, equipment, and business when the fire swept through the region.
Volunteers organize donated produce from local farms for evacuees after the fires in Sonoma, California.
(Photo: Sonoma Family Meal)
"Some farmers have reported anecdotally that some people are not coming to the farmers' market for fear of contamination," Raditz says. "I try to remind people about that larger framework of air pollution and produce safety: If you're not buying your produce from Sonoma County, where are you getting it from? What kind of air pollution are those fields experiencing on a daily basis? Because that's really where I think the concern is for direct uptake of air pollutants. It's going to be in areas where you have chronic, daily, high levels of pollutants of concern. That's where there's a much higher chance of the produce taking it up in meaningful concentrations."
To investigate these worries, Raditz embarked on a citizen science project, Produce Safety After Urban Wildfire, training local people to gather samples of produce—in particular, leafy greens such as lettuce, chard, kale, and collard, where the leaf you eat has directly absorbed the air—and sending those samples to two private laboratories for testing. In the first month after the fire, this network managed to gather over 200 samples from farms and gardens across Sonoma County.
The group has just received its first results, from two sites that were particularly likely to have been affected by smoke from the fire. The analysis looked at three chemical groups—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and dioxins—and so far has not detected anything that would be considered a threat to public health (though they did find higher dioxin levels than the baseline level suggested by an earlier study by the Food and Drug Administration, and two of eight samples revealed nickel content above California's recommended level). Although there will be more results to follow, Raditz says that people should feel safe to continue eating local produce.*
But the story could be different for another popular product of small-scale farming: eggs. Another study being undertaken by scientists at the University of California–Davis is examining how the ash distributed by the fires could have affected poultry and the eggs they produce. This group, too, has just received its first batch of data.
"Chickens are unique in that they spend 25 percent of their waking time eating off the ground. It's a worst-case scenario, where they really are products of the environment because they spend so much time ingesting it. Eggs are particularly worrisome because yolks are very fatty, and a lot of these chemicals are very fat soluble," says Maurice Pitesky, a veterinarian and epidemiologist working on the study. "It's a bit of a different risk factor from some produce. I would be very surprised if we didn't find something."
Raditz's project looked at a small area of California. In giving people the courage to return to the farmers' market for their local produce, Raditz hopes to nurture the local food network in Sonoma County, which has already proved so vital to the area's resilience in the face of disaster. But she also sees the project having broader implications, adding to a scientific field that is still sparse despite its increasing relevance as human development and climate change put more buildings—and more potential contaminants—in the line of wildfire.
"In the Central Valley, the San Joaquin Valley, those are the areas with the highest levels of air pollution in the state of California. That's where we're growing the produce we're selling to the world," Raditz says. "If there is a scientific reason for concern about air pollution in produce, then anything we might find in Sonoma County after the disaster could help us better understand the larger phenomenon, which is important for everywhere where we grow food."
New Landscapes is a regular series investigating how environmental policies are affecting communities across America.
*Update—July 19th, 2018: This article has been updated to reflect the level of nickel content in the samples.
California FiresClimate ChangeDisaster DietWildfiresThe Farmers GuildAgriculture
Sophie Yeo is an independent journalist covering climate change, the environment, and conservation. She has written for the Guardian, the Washington Post, Earther, Hakai, and others. She was formerly a staff writer for Carbon Brief.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm really proud to announce that I've been made an ambassador for gaming charity Special Effect.
In case you've not come across the charity before, they adapt technology to help disabled children and adults play video games. By using specially designed controllers and inputs, Special Effect allows people who might have been excluded from gaming because of their physical condition to enjoy the likes of Rocket League, Unravel and Dirt Rally.
This doesn't just help them because it allows them to have fun messing around in The Greatest Game In History (hint: it involves flying cars). It brings families and friends together by helping individuals affected by disability with their rehabilitation or therapy – ensuring that they feel more included and confident in the world around them.
Even if they hadn't just made me an ambassador, I'd still say that you really should find time to support the Special Effect team. The work they do is extraordinary and the thought that every penny and pound raised goes to help their amazing efforts should be enough to get you donating.
But now that they have made me an official ambassador, it means I really can bug you until you donate to this marvellous charity.
You can continue to support Special Effect through me by attending Gamerbake, the event series I started with the excellent Chris Kerr, or by sponsoring me to run stupidly long distances without stopping. Or you can cut the middle man out directly and go to the Special Effect website here.
Whichever route you take, I implore that you do help raise money or support Special Effect. It's a wonderful organisation, staffed by incredible people and it is a privilege to be able to represent them in the wider world.


text:
Tag / malaysia's resume
KY eats – Ali, Muthu, and Ah Hock (AMAH), and Colin Soh in Malaysia's Resume
One of the quintessential Malaysian breakfast is of course, nasi lemak, and sometimes nothing beats a good plate of nasi lemak with goreng ayam on a lazy weekend morning. I recently went to Ali, Muthu, and Ah Hock (AMAH) at Ara Damansara Oasis Square to try their version while having a chat with Colin, one of the co-owners of the restaurant.
Ali, Muthu, and Ah Hock (AMAH)
The restaurant is located within Oasis Square, a place that starts to look like a very nice commercial area with ample parking, good pedestrian walking space, and many restaurant choices. AMAH is one of the more unique restaurants that serves local delights such as nasi lemak, mee rebus, roti jala, Hainanese chicken rice, and so forth.
None of the item on the menu exceeds RM 10.
nasi lemak ayam at AMAH
The nasi lemak ayam (RM 9.50) comes with sambal, ikan bilis, kacang, a few slices of cucumber, fragrant rice cooked in coconut milk, and a full 1/4 fried chicken.
The rice was proper, and I was surprisingly impressed by the sambal and chicken as well, which was properly seasoned with a hint of tumeric and has a crispy skin while being juicy inside. A few asked how is this compared to the famous Village Park nasi lemak, and I'd say that they are on par, with AMAH offering a much more pleasant dining experience.
Ali, Muthu and Ah Hock
Lot B-G-01, Oasis Square Ara Damansara,
2, Jalan PJU 1A/7A, Petaling Jaya
GPS: 3.11352, 101.574612
One of the men behind AMAH is as mentioned earlier, Colin Soh, born 1978, who is one of the prime examples of a Malaysian success story. An entrepreneur with a good vision, strong passion, and who are willing to work hard and get their hands dirty to build up their business.
Colin is co-owners the co-owner of several F&B businesses, including TDH, Hoofed, Ali, Muthu & Ah Hock Kopitiam (AMAH), and The Royal Flush.
Born and grew up in KL, Colin finished school locally before obtaining a degree in Marketing and Management with Middlesex University, UK. He then spent 3 months working at Leo Bernard before deciding to be an entrepreneur.
The first business started by Colin was actually a laundry back in 2002, with a lot of late nights, early mornings, detergent, and washing machine. It grew from a small shop to a commercial laundry factory, and by 2008, the business was sold and not long after that, TDH was born with a few other friends.
Like any other business, the F&B industry has its challenges. There are always new concepts and innovating ideas on the market. Colin and partner always try to be versatile by staying relevant with current environment and receptive to new ideas.
Other than the above mentioned restaurants, there's also Crazy Crabs, a new restaurant that is currently being built as of writing, and a TDH flagship outlet in the pipeline.
Colin & KY at Ali, Muthu, and Ah Hock
All these hard work and dedication has brought Colin and partners awards and recognitions as well. TDH has recently been named Winner of Best Pub Grub 2013 by the Time Out Food Awards. Apart from that, The Royal Flush was also nominated for both the Best New Restaurant and Best Chinese Restaurant, respectively.
In his free time, Colin likes going to gym, biking, running, and fishing.
You can find more inspiring stories like these at malaysiaresume.com, a site for contemporary Malaysian success stories.
Eats, Halal Food, PJ area, PJ Others
Ali Muthu Ah Hock, AMAH, colin, colin soh, lunch money, malaysia's resume, nasi-lemak


Disney is making the biggest play for family viewership. The owner of Disney Channel, the Star Wars franchise and most recently Fox's entertainment business is betting its mix of family-friendly franchises and beloved animated classics, along with original programming, will make the Disney Plus service irresistible to families, even if they already subscribe to other services. The service, launching November 12, will cost $7 a month initially.
And for spendthrifts, YouTube's free Kids channel offers an endless stream of kid-friendly fare, although quality varies widely.
Other movie-centric streaming services include Fandor ($6 per month or $50 per year) or Mubi ($11 per month).
Both offer a curated selection of movies.
There are a variety of live TV streaming services that offer a wide range of sports, but they've recently been raising their prices . Fubo TV offers more than 85 channels including ones that broadcast football, baseball, soccer and other sports. It costs $45 for the first month, then $55 a month after that. DirecTV Now costs $50 a month for the cheapest tier. Sling TV costs $25 to $40 a month. Hulu raised the price for its live-TV service in February, by $5, to $45. Sony's PlayStation Vue costs $45 to $80 a month. Google's YouTube TV is increasing its monthly fee to $50.
It launched at $35 and has raised prices as it added more channels. Most of the live TV services offer the major sports channels such as Fox Sports and NBC Sports Network, as well as games broadcast on network TV. But ESPN, for example, is on Hulu Live and YouTube TV but not Fubo TV, so fans of a specific team or sport should examine the channel listings for each service.


J.A.C. is the fourth studio album by the Austrian band Tosca, which was released in on Studio!K7. The album is named after Joshua, Arthur, and Conrad. 18 May Studio!K7 –!K cd. These are the names of the sons of Rupert Huber and Richard Dorfmeister, a.k.a. Between the release of their last album "Dehli9" and J.A.C., the two became fathers, Rupert Huber even twice. 24 Jul My personal history with Richard Dorfmeister and Rupert Hurber's Tosca project shows the enduring strength of strong first impressions. I was a.
JAC by Tosca, released 30 May 1. Rondo Acapricio 2. Heidi Bruehl 3. Superrob 4. John Lee Huber 5. Pyjama 6. The Big Sleep 7. Damentag 8. Naschkatze. 26 Jul The Viennese G-Stone sound is alive and well, and J.A.C. is a fine example of some of the best downtempo music being made today. 31 May Metacritic Music Reviews, j.a.c. by Tosca, This is the fourth album for the duo of Richard Dorfmeister (of Kruder & Dorfmeister fame) and Rupert.
Stream Rondo Acapricio - (Richard Dorfmeister vs Rupert Huber) - Tosca J.A.C. by fgiorgio from desktop or your mobile device. J.A.C. Tracklist. 9 Top "J.A.C." scholars. More Tosca albums. Odeon. · No Hassle. Show all albums by Tosca. Home · T · Tosca · J.A.C. J.A.C stands for "Joshua, Arthur, Conrad". These are the names of the sons of Rupert Huber and Richard Dorfmeister, a.k.a. Tosca. 31 May Tosca has been stranger than this in the past, though, and J.A.C. places the duo closer to Thievery Corporation than they've been before. Richard Dorfmeister of Kruder & Dorfmeister is half of Tosca, and his influence on this record is clearly obvious, given its ethereal rhythms, hea.
Tosca – JAC. By fam-kroeze. 12 songs. Play on Spotify. 1. Rondo AcapricioTosca • JAC. 2. Heidi BruehlTosca • JAC. 3. SuperrobTosca •. Find great deals for J.A.C. by Tosca (Electronic) (CD, Jun,!K7). Shop with confidence on eBay!. J.A.C. from Tosca () (CD). And other albums from Tosca are available on sale at Recordsale. 17 May Tosca is the partnership between Richard Dorfmeister (of the trip-hop production team Kruder & Dorfmeister) and fellow producer Rupert Huber.


text:
Q: What's the Rubygems / Packagist equivalent for Android? Excluding Github, where I can find a repo directory like Rubygems / Packagist for Android ?

A: Android Arsenal is the best place if your looking for libraries
https://android-arsenal.com/

A: I think the previous answer is right. Any maven repository can be used with Gradle and hence they are good places to get dependencies from.
If you are not familiar with gradles dependency management mechanisms, you'll find further information in the tutorial on gradle.org.
But if you are looking for a web interface to search for some android specific libraries, you might have a look at Android Arsenal.

A: Gradle is the default dependency management system for Android and it uses the Maven Central Repository to find remote dependencies. You can look at this repo on http://search.maven.org/. For more information about it: http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing/studio-build.html#dependencies


text:
Venezuelan gov't supporters mark anniversary of Chavez's failed coup
The Venezuelan government provided this photo of President Nicolas Maduro (C) taking part on Monday, Feb. 4, in an event to mark the 27th anniversary of the failed military coup led by late predecessor Hugo Chavez. EFE-EPA/PRENSA MIRAFLORES/EDITORIAL USE ONLY
Caracas —
Supporters of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro celebrated Monday the 27th anniversary of the failed military coup led by the late Hugo Chavez , founder of the ruling leftist PSUV party.
The commemoration comes amid a struggle for power between the Maduro government and the speaker of the opposition-controlled National Assembly, Juan Guaido, who declared himself acting president on Jan. 23 and has been recognized by the United States and 18 European countries.
The observance began in Maracay, west of Caracas, where Maduro led a procession of soldiers from a military technical school to the barracks of the 422nd Airborne Battalion, where then-Lt. Col. Chavez organized the attempt to topple the government of Carlos Andres Perez.
Marching in the front line along with the president were first lady Cilia Flores, PSUV No. 2 Diosdado Cabello, Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino and Executive Vice President Delcy Rodriguez.
Though the failed coup of Feb. 4, 1992, cost Chavez his military career and two years in prison, it likewise launched him on the trajectory that led to his winning the 1998 presidential election.
Chavez came to refer to the attempted putsch as the seed of his "Bolivarian Revolution" and eventually made the anniversary an official holiday, National Dignity Day.
"The history that began 27 years ago continues in rebellion against imperialism," Maduro said in Maracay, urging the armed forces and the populace to be ready to repel a potential invasion by the US or its Latin American allies, such as Colombia and Brazil.
US President Donald Trump has said repeatedly that "all options are on the table" in Washington's drive to force Maduro out in favor of Guaido, though the White House national security adviser John Bolton said last Friday that military action was not imminent.
Maduro won a second term in last May's presidential balloting by a wide margin, but much of the opposition boycotted the process and rejected the result as illegitimate, supported by the same foreign governments that now embrace Guaido.
The opposition consider Maduro - who became president on Chavez's death in 2013 - to be a usurper.
Jill Biden decide vestir un traje de diseñador descendiente de mexicanos
El diseñador Jonathan Cohen, proviene de padres mexicano, creció en San Diego y se considera producto de ambas culturas


Indexed universal life insurance is a variant of universal life insurance. With indexed universal life insurance, policyholders have the flexibility and control over premium payments, death benefit levels and other features that goes with universal life, while also having additional growth potential for the cash value of the policy.
The reason it's called "indexed" universal life is because the policy's cash value accrues interest at a rate linked to the upward movement in a pre-determined stock market index. This means that when the stock market performs well, the policyholder's cash value will grow faster as well.
Lucy and Bob are 30 years old and want to buy a permanent insurance policy that will also offer cash value growth over time. They are savvy about insurance and understand how to manage their policy, and they want to be able to adjust their insurance policy to adapt to changing needs.
They currently have only one child, and they're not sure how many more children they want to have, so they want to be able to increase the death benefit if more children come along. Lucy stays home with their baby and has no income, and Bob is self-employed and his income varies from month to month, so they also want the option of being able to skip payments. This makes universal life insurance a good option for them.
Although Lucy and Bob are pretty risk tolerant with their overall investments and they want their life insurance cash value to grow, they also don't want to run the risk of losing money with their life insurance. For this reason, variable life insurance is probably not the best option – there is the chance of higher growth with variable life, but also the chance of losses.
Instead of risking losses, indexed universal life insurance will offer Lucy and Bob the chance of higher returns on their policy's cash value, while also protecting them from the downside of the market – even if the stock market loses value, their cash value will still earn a certain minimum rate of interest.
For these reasons – their desire for flexible payments and benefit choices, and their desire for higher cash value growth potential without the downside risk – Lucy and Bob should consider buying indexed universal life insurance.
Indexed universal life insurance is similar to universal life insurance in most ways: it offers permanent coverage (as opposed to term life, which is temporary), and it still allows policyholders to make their own choices about how to schedule premium payments, how much to pay, and how to adjust the level of death benefit.
Indexed universal life insurance, like universal life insurance, is ideal for policyholders who want a policy that can evolve to meet changing life circumstances and financial needs.
The primary difference between indexed universal and standard universal life insurance is that indexed universal life insurance has a different way of crediting interest to the cash value account. With universal life insurance, the cash value grows at a fixed rate of interest determined by long term cash equivalent investments made by the insurance company – and these interest rates are usually very low, often 2% or less, depending on the market.
Indexed universal life insurance ties the performance of the cash value to the performance of a stock market index – often the S&P 500 or other broad indices. This can result in higher growth in any given year, as stocks often earn higher returns than money market funds.
Of course, stock markets can go down as well as up – but that is not a risk for policyholders who buy indexed universal life. The cash value of an indexed universal life insurance policy is guaranteed to never be negative. Even if the stock market loses value, the policyholder is still guaranteed to receive a minimum percentage of interest. This makes indexed universal life a more conservative financial move than variable life insurance, which is exposed to the full ups and downs of the stock market.
The best candidates to buy indexed universal life are people who want more flexibility and control over the premium amounts, payment schedules, death benefit level and other features of their life insurance policy, while also desiring greater potential for growth in their cash value. Indexed universal life is best for people who are savvy about insurance and who are prepared to exercise greater responsibility in managing their policy – it's more of a "hands on" product than whole life insurance or term life insurance, for example.
Indexed universal life is also ideal for people who want higher growth in their cash value than they can get from whole life, while still taking a more conservative approach than variable life insurance.
The main alternatives to indexed universal life are variable life and universal life insurance.
Variable life insurance is a more aggressive investment than indexed universal life. With variable life, the cash value is invested in stock and bond funds in separate accounts, similar to a mutual fund. This means that variable life policyholders have the potential for higher growth in the policy's cash value, but also are exposed to the downside risk if the market drops. Variable life has the potential for loss as well as gain.
Universal life insurance is the other major alternative. It is similar in most ways to indexed universal life, but the cash value does not have as high of potential for growth. Universal life insurance also tends to be less costly than indexed universal, as people usually pay more to have the higher potential for cash value growth.
Compare features of universal life and other policies with a licensed insurance specialist. Get a free quote report, Start Now.


text:
Why powerful Chinese men date TV hosts
Sep 6, 2013 (WiC 207)
Shen Xing: boyfriend trouble
Last week China's microblogging world went into a frenzy when news surfaced that celebrity TV host Shen Xing's apartment in Hong Kong had been "broken into" by her boyfriend, the tycoon Li Jun.
Li, who's now on bail in Hong Kong, flew into the city from the mainland last Wednesday night and went straight to Shen's flat because he was suspicious that she was cheating on him. She was not at home, so the next day he made a second attempt, arriving at Shen's apartment around 7.30am. When she refused to open the door, Li asked his driver to park his van against an outer wall so that he could climb up on it. Armed with a telescopic baton, he is alleged to have smashed the French windows on her balcony and made his way inside, finding another man (someone by the last name Wu), says the Hong Kong Standard.
Li, 42, was later arrested by police and now faces charges of burglary and possession of a prohibited weapon.
The news became one of the most talked-about topics on weibo. Shen is a household name in China and reputed to be one of the country's most beautiful TV presenters. She joined Phoenix TV at the end of 2004 and has hosted cooking, entertainment and music programmes.
Even before Shen's story was making headlines, another TV anchor was also struggling with the media limelight. The lady in question is Jiang Feng, a news anchor for state broadcaster CCTV, who was outed as a former mistress of Xu Ming during the trial of Bo Xilai (see WiC206). It was revealed during Bo's prosecution that Jiang is the nominal owner of a villa in Cannes bought by Xu on behalf of Bo's wife Gu Kailai in 2001. The revelation quickly sparked online accusations that Jiang had chased Xu for his money, although she was affronted by the suggestion, insisting that she partnered with the Dalian businessman for love. "I wouldn't have fallen in love with someone just because he is rich," Jiang wrote on her Sina Weibo account. "By the same token, I would never turn somebody down just because he is not rich."
One of Bo Xilai's alleged mistresses in Dalian is also said to have been a TV presenter. So what makes television show hosts so popular? Given the number of actual (and rumoured) cases that have come to light, the trend has sparked some discussion. Some reckon that its down to more than star appeal – and that this type of woman embodies intellect as well as beauty. "In real life, female TV anchors have the strong halo effect so that they are almost invincible. Not only do they have beauty, which is a great advantage, they also have brains and fame," is the verdict of Securities Times.
Of course, it goes almost without saying that there is the question of opportunity: TV anchors have greater access to some of the most powerful men in the country, some of whom they may even have impressed on-air during interviews.
Possibly the most famous TV anchor-turned-lover is Ji Yingnan, a former host on the China Travel and Economic Channel. Back in June, Ji went public with her own affair with Fan Yue, a powerful Communist Party official, after she discovered that Fan had been married with a teenage son the entire time they were together.
To get her revenge, Ji then released hundreds of photos that offered a rare window into the life of a Chinese government official, reports the Washington Post. Despite his modest salary, Fan was able to lavish his lover with shopping sprees, the newspaper says. For instance, Fan bought her an Audi A5, and he stuffed cash into her wallet whenever he had the chance.
Alas it didn't end too well: after Ji's disclosures, Fan was quickly removed from his government position.
Then there's Liu Fangfei, another famous CCTV host. Liu was linked to Wang Yi, the vice-president of China Development Bank before he was convicted for accepting bribes in 2010. During the trial, Liu was discovered to have received Rmb2 million from Wang, to help the news anchor pay off a housing loan.
But there is also the occasional happy ending. Yang Lan, a well-known talkshow host, married Bruno Wu, a businessman in 1995. The two met when Yang was getting her masters degree at Columbia's journalism school in New York, where Wu was running his own media consulting firm. The two later founded Sun TV Network in 1999 and they are now one of the richest media couples in the country. Yang once said: "An outstanding woman doesn't always have a good ending, unless she finds a good husband."
For Shen Xing (she of the broken French windows), the saga continues, as online speculation mounts about the identity of 'businessman' Wu.
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Kim Holmes is no stranger to our building sites – she's been bringing volunteer groups to VBC for nine years. And she has hammered in more than a few nails in that time.
Kim is the program coordinator for Griffith Honours College, set up by Griffith University in Australia for high academic achieving students to offer leadership and community engagement skills.
The college aims to enhance the students' degrees with skills valued by employers such as communication, the ability to work in different situations and critical thinking skills.
Each year the students have the opportunity to volunteer overseas and they have worked in Vietnam, Nepal, Peru and East Timor with a variety of different organisations.
"But every year when we come back from our volunteer abroad pursuits, we ask the students for their feedback and every year, this is the most popular program," Kim says of the Cambodia trip.
They spend a week building a house with Volunteer Building Cambodia and a week working in another project.
The students have to fundraise and put in some money to the trip themselves. Their volunteer club also puts in some money and the university contributes some money to support them.
And she says this year, as well as fundraising, they received a big donation of tools from two hardware stores on the Gold Coast in Australia.
A huge thank you to Trade Tools Labrador and Thrifty Link Southport for the donation, which is very much appreciated by the VBC building team.
So what makes the Cambodia trip so popular?
Kim says it is a combination of factors. Siem Reap is a great location with lots of sightseeing opportunities, including World Heritage listed Angkor Wat, as well as the vibrant nightlife, shopping and so many restaurants to choose from.
And working with VBC they get to see the reality of life in rural Cambodia and they can meet the family they are building a house for. But importantly, they get to build the house.
"I think that's the thing that resonates with the students – they physically get to build the house, physically see the family and see the progress of the house everyday.
"And it's about, for them, learning new skills," she says.
"It's getting out of their comfort zone and I think, with VBC, they have it very well organised now. The students are always kept busy, there's always enough work for everyone.
The Griffith team spent a week with VBC, building house number 143.
Thank you so much to Kim and all the volunteers from Griffith. We love having you and your support over nine years has been absolutely amazing. We look forward to seeing you again next year Kim!
Once again, we would like to say thank you so much to the two Gold Coast hardware shops that donated amazing tools for our team and volunteers to use.
Trade Tools Labrador and Thrifty Link Southport – we appreciate your support.


text:
Q: get refreshed database value in every Jpanels I have three panels for insert, modify and delete users in my JFrame, if I insert a value in insertJpanel the value is not shown in modifyPanel and deletePanel but if I close the application and open it again, the new record is there.
How can I have all JPanels refreshed together?


When traveling, it is very easy to forget where you are when discussing business with colleagues. That airport, taxi, restaurant or hotel lobby may have individuals nearby eavesdropping on your conversation. When discussing confidential information, agree to hold off on the conversation until you can be assured of privacy. Also, be careful not to share sensitive information with strangers you meet.
When browsing online, encrypting your online activities is one of the best ways to protect yourself. Make sure your online connection is encrypted by making sure HTTPS is in the website address and/or that there is a lock next to it.
When you forward an email to others or copy new people to an email thread, review all the content in the entire email and make sure the information contained in it is suitable for everyone. It is very easy to forward emails to others, not realizing there is highly sensitive information in the bottom of the email that people should not have access to.
One of the most effective steps you can take to protect your cloud account is to make sure you are using two-step verification. In addition, always be sure you know exactly whom you are sharing files with. It is very easy to accidently share your files with the entire Internet when you think you are only sharing them with specific individuals.
Ransomware is a special type of malware. Once it infected your computer, it encrypts all of your files and demands you pay a ransome if you want your files back. Be suspicious of any emails trying to trick you into opening infected attachments or click on malicious links, common sense is your best defense. In addition. backups are often the only way you can recover from ransomware.
Do you plan on giving away or selling one of your older mobile devices? Make sure you wipe or reset your device before disposing of it. If you don't, the next person who owns it will have access to all of your accounts and personal information.
Eventually, we all have an accident or get hacked. And when we do, backups are often the only way to recover. Backups are cheap and easy; make sure you are backing up all of your personal information (such as family photos) on a regular basis.
Make sure you have anti-virus software installed on your computer and that it is automatically updating. However, keep in mind that no anti-virus can catch all malware; your computer can still be infected. That is why it's so important you use common sense and be wary of any messages that seem odd or suspicious.


text:
Tim Hortons voted most trusted brand in Canada
Canadians believe in Timbits, Double-doubles, and Iced Capps.
According to a new report, Tim Horton's is the most trusted brand in Canada, beating out President's Choice, Shopper's Drug Mart, and Canadian Tire.
The inaugural Gustavson Brand Trust Index, which comes out of the Peter B. Gustavson School of Business at the University of Victoria, examines how Canadian consumers view brands when making purchases. The report surveyed 3,125 consumer attitudes on 40 attributes, including quality, honesty, reliability, community and social responsibility, innovation, and value for money.
The top 10 most-trusted brands
1. Tim Horton's
2. President's Choice
3. Shopper's Drug Mart
4. Google
5. Canadian Tire
6. Kraft Foods
7. Campbell Soup Company
8. Heinz
9. Canada Post
10. Johnson & Johnson
Respondents ranked 249 international, national, and regional companies and brands. The only non-Canadian brand to make it into the top five was Google, which beat out Apple to become the top technology company.
In an interview with Global News, David Dunne, a professor at the Gustavson School of Business, said Tim Horton's nabbed the number one spot thanks to its role in local communities.
"If you look at their works in the community scores, they are off the scale. They really have leveraged community work there, " said Dunne.
On the other hand, Dunne chalks President's Choice's runner-up title for its value among consumers, while Canada Post made it into the top 10 due to its fair treatment of workers.
And who were the least-trusted brands? The insurance companies, travel agencies, utility companies, and cable companies.
Next StoryOntario bears killed in 70 percent of cases where... authorities were called


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 Savings claim is based on HP Instant Ink Service plan price for 12 months using all pages in plan without purchase of additional pages compared to the cost per page ("CPP") of the majority of color inkjet printers < $399 USD, market share reported by IDC Q3 2013. CPP comparisons for standard capacity inkjet supplies are based on estimated street price and page yield as reported by Gap Intelligence MFP Weekly and IJP Weekly Reports Q3 2013. Actual savings may vary depending on number of pages actually printed per month and content of pages printed. Requires internet connection to printer, valid credit/debit card, email address, and delivery service in your geographic area.
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text:
Borrow About 0 Basket Sign in $0
Total loan: $450
Bundibugyo, Western Region, Uganda / Food
See full borrower profile
Moses's loan finished fundraising, but these other borrowers need your support
A loan helped to buy cocoa to sell.
Moses's story
Moses is a cocoa farmer who is charged with the responsibility of looking after four children, all attending school. Moses is married and lives in Bundibugyo. He works hard to ensure that his family does not lack anything as he is always there to provide them with their daily needs.
Having started business in 2009, Moses has achieved a lot because every season has favored him in terms of profits. However, he has been challenged by the price fluctuations of cocoa and the fact that it is a seasonal business. In the future, Moses sees himself as being the leading cocoa supplier in his area. He intends to use the loan to buy cocoa to sell.
Lending through Kiva involves risk of principal loss. Kiva does not guarantee repayment or offer a financial return on your loan.
© 2020 Kiva. All rights reserved.
Loans for entrepreneurs doing amazing things.
Kiva is a 501(c)3 U.S. nonprofit fueled by passionate people. Founded in 2005, and based in San Francisco, with offices in Bangkok, Nairobi, Portland and staff around the globe.
Donate to Kiva here.
Kiva fellows
Review and translation


text:
Plaza Apartments | Brooklyn, NY
YANMAR//EVO CENTER | Acworth, Ga
Esther Barazzone Center | Chatham University
CHP Case Studies Archive
CHP DOCUMENT LIBRARY
Pike Road School | Pike Road, AL
Adairsville City Hall | Adairsville, GA
TOYOTETSU Canada Simcoe | Ontario, Canada
Stewart Avenue Public School | Cambridge, Ontario
VRF Case Studies Archive
VRF DOCUMENT LIBRARY
REMOTE MONITORING LOGIN
"The YANMAR system and the YANMAR team have met all of the requests during the project, and the system has worked flawlessly since being commissioned. YANMAR has been engaged in the project from start to finish, providing a high level of customer support"
– Laura Penn | Volkert, Inc. (Construction Managers)
Pike Road School is located in a 100-year-old registered historic building. The building itself was originally used as a school for 53 years before closing, re-opening as a church, and then shift gears again to be used as a school for 275 students in 7th through 10th grade. The facility includes 28 classrooms, a science lab, assembly hall, administration area gymnasium. Installed equipment includes 7 outdoor units, 50 indoor fan coil units, Building Management System, controllers and remote monitoring.
Reason for Choosing YANMAR
The main reason the school system selected YANMAR's Gas Engine Powered VRF system was due to the manufacturer's ability to design the system into the building without modifying it. Since the school building is registered as a historic building, no modifications were allowed; YANMAR was able to use ductless units in the areas with low ceiling heights that would not allow for ductwork. In addition, the city wanted to reduce their electrical usage as installing an electric-driven HVAC system would have required large, costly electrical upgrades to the facility.
Finally, YANMAR was also able to develop a maintenance plan for the school system to ensure that the VRF system will be properly maintained on a regular basis for continued uptime and optimum performance.
Total savings of more than $11,000 during a seven month period in which the system accumulated 18,300 operation hours.
Average savings of more than $1,600 during both cooling and heating mode months with a savings of more than $2,800 during the coldest month of the year.
Reduced electrical consumption for heating and cooling the building by switching to a natural-gas driven YANMAR engine
instead of an electrical-based system.
By using natural gas as an energy source, the building produces lower amounts of harmful emissions than traditional heating and cooling equipment.
YANMAR America Corporation
101 International Parkway Adairsville, GA 30103
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text:
Third Career As A Farrier Is Just Right
Source: Walworth County Gazettextra
This is the third career for farrier Bill Mayfield of Eagle, Wis.
After a stint in the military, he worked as an engineer for Motorola. He used to sit at his engineer's desk and try to figure out how he could make a living working with horses. Becoming a farrier was the right fit for him — he's been at it for 15 years after serving an apprenticeship. What's the hardest part of the job?
"Right now, it's the busiest season, so I'm working 6 days a week," Mayfield says.
Horse owners want to get their mounts ready for trail riding or competition in the ring.
"When the weather gets nice, they're doing everything from dressage to jumping."
Each season presents its own set of challenges, he says.
"In the spring, you've got the mud, then come the flies and in the winter, it's the cold."
>>Full Article & Pictures
KEYWORDS Bill Mayfield Eagle, Wisconsin equine farriers
Third Career Is a Charm
[Video] Farriery As A Second Or Third Career
The Art Of Horse-Shoeing: A Manual For Farriers


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text:
Mavis Paterson (picture Macmillan Cancer Care)
81-year-old becomes oldest woman to cycle from Land's End to John O'Groats
Mavis Paterson has raised over £60,000 for Macmillan Cancer Support
by Alex Bowden
Sat, Jun 22, 2019 16:59
An 81-year-old cyclist has become the oldest woman to cycle from Land's End to John O'Groats (LEJOG). Mavis Paterson, from Auchenmalg in Dumfriesshire, undertook the ride in memory of her three children, who all died within the space of four years in their 40s.
Paterson began fundraising for the charity after losing her mother and sister to cancer. 10 years ago, aged 71, she rode across Canada – an effort that was documented by the BBC – and last year she completed a 24-hour ride for the charity.
"I always set myself a goal and a challenge and it takes my mind off the grief that I suffer with losing my children," she told the BBC.
She rode the 960-mile LEJOG route with another cyclist, Heather Curley, with the support of a motorhome and driver.
Shortly before they set off on May 30, Ineos confirmed that it would be sponsoring the Scottish leg of her ride to the tune of £10,000, which explains the gear in the image below.
It's hard to find the words now. After three weeks of an utterly unforgettable journey. We did it
So very, very grateful for all the support, the fun, friendships, cyclists who joined for a few miles, vehicle drivers – especially for their tea-making skills, campsites... pic.twitter.com/JSK9eiHwrz
— Mavis Paterson (@MavisCycle) June 22, 2019
... tearooms, gifts of home baking, gifts of cycling gear, teacakes and caramel wafers, liquid sustenance of all forms, good wishes, media interest, bike repairers, phone fixers, encouraging messages on social media, witnesses who signed verification sheets, sponsorship, and ...
... – of course - the donations
The funds for @macmillancancer will help so many people who need it, and that's what matters.
Thank you all pic.twitter.com/xvNFrLoYYT
Peterson's efforts have raised over £50,000 for the Macmillan Cancer Support on top of the Ineos donation. You can still donate here.
Mavis Paterson
LEJOG
Alex Bowden
Alex has written for more cricket publications than the rest of the road.cc team combined. Despite the apparent evidence of this picture, he doesn't especially like cake.
Councillor calls for anti-bike barriers to prevent "dangerous" cyclists "zooming across" foot tunnel


text:
Ransomware has become a major business and social menace
30/03/2017 /in Blog, News - All, Security /by Ben Martin
Instances of businesses of all sizes being infected by ransomware are becoming more and more common. It is not just corporate bodies that are being hit – individual members of the public are also being asked to pay sums of money to criminals in order to remove viruses from their data. It is also understood that 30% of National Health Service hospitals in the UK have suffered ransomware attacks.
There are a range of measures that will help to protect against the effects of ransomware, as outlined in this recent article. As well as taking protective steps, however, the safest way to reduce the risk of being infected by ransomware is for businesses to inform their customers, employees, associates, partners, suppliers and any other parties that they communicate with is to make it clear that no information of any importance will ever be transmitted by email, which is the source of the overwhelming majority of the malware that leads to ransomware problems.
Safe4 have been highlighting this issue for some time – if important or confidential information is placed into a secure vault where it will be available to authorised users whenever they need it, the need for sending anything of consequence by email is dramatically reduced. Whilst it is almost impossible to remove the threat of being infected by malware completely, there are safer ways to communicate that radically reduce this risk.
Please contact us. We will be very pleased to assist in the fight against fraud and cyber crime.
https://www.safe-4.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/safe4badge.png 81 81 Ben Martin https://safe-4.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Safe4-Logo1.png Ben Martin2017-03-30 11:45:262017-03-30 11:46:13Ransomware has become a major business and social menace
Safe4 continues to prioritise security following outage on 22nd and 23rd March
26/03/2017 /in News - All, Security /by Alistair Stubbs
Unfortunately Safe4 suffered a number of outages on the 22nd and 23rd of March. The system was partially unavailable and reporting errors for a total of just under 35 minutes over the two days (25 mins on 22nd March and a little under 10mins on 23rd.) Regrettably this was in the middle of the morning for many of our users – our peak time. Safe4 appreciate that this will have caused those affected a lot of inconvenience and we would sincerely like to apologise for this.
Safe4 strives for a high standard of performance and we have designed a robust solution that enables us to achieve this. We have maintained 100% availability in recent months and 99.96% over the last 12 months including scheduled maintenance.
It is important to understand the root cause and learn from the incident to try to avoid it occurring in the future.
Investigation showed that a defective operating system update which was automatically applied caused the outage. Updates like these occur regularly and normally do not impact our operation at all. Unfortunately in this instance it did. Diagnosis was not simple and took longer than we would like.
The problem affected a large number of systems on the internet at about the same time. The OS vendor took prompt action to release an updated patch to correct the issue. Unfortunately because of the problems caused by the first patch the updated patch could not be applied seamlessly either. On this occasion however the resolution was known and the downtime was minimised while the process completed.
As you know Safe4 prioritises the security of your information. A key strategy we employ is to maintain our systems patched to the latest security releases at all times. As you will regularly read in the press, new threats are being discovered all of the time. Fortunately processes are in place that enable vulnerabilities to be reported and systems patched before those vulnerabilities become generally known.
Maintaining the patch level automatically is therefore important to maintaining the security of your information.
Prioritise security
To avoid such problems in the future we have weighed up the risk of turning off the automatic updates. Having examined the incidence of this type of failure (only occurrence since Safe4 started 7 years ago) compared to the possible security risk of delaying patching we have made the decision to continue with our current approach.
We hope you agree with our decision to prioritise security in this way. Safe4 is committed to providing a reliable service and we will of course continue to monitor this situation and seek ways to further reduce the likelihood of a future problem such as this.
https://www.safe-4.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/S4-image-rescaled-Jun-15.png 200 200 Alistair Stubbs https://safe-4.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Safe4-Logo1.png Alistair Stubbs2017-03-26 02:02:552017-04-13 12:53:00Safe4 continues to prioritise security following outage on 22nd and 23rd March
Identity theft on the increase in the UK
Online fraud is increasingly alarmingly in the UK, according to recent reports. This particularly applies to identity theft. Cyber crime now accounts for more than half of all reported crime in the United Kingdom, and the situation is becoming more difficult all the time.
One of the prime sources of computer crime is the reliance on email to carry confidential information. Time and again criminals are targeting email communication and falsifying the contents of messages in order to intercept the transfer of funds in some types of transaction. This has become particularly prevalent in conveyancing transactions – numerous families have lost their life savings after bank transfers have been made to fraudsters' accounts, with emails having been intercepted and their contents changed. In spite of this, 70% of UK solicitors still use open email to transfer confidential information.
Safe4 now offers a completely secure facility for the safe transfer of bank account information between parties involved in any type of financial transaction, without relying on either voice or email communication. For more details, please contact us – we will be very pleased to assist you.
https://www.safe-4.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/safe4badge.png 81 81 Ben Martin https://safe-4.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Safe4-Logo1.png Ben Martin2017-03-17 12:39:472017-03-26 19:47:56Identity theft on the increase in the UK