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The Russian Civil War Essay
The Russian Civil War
Between 1918 and 1921 there was a civil war in Russia. The war was
between the reds, who were the communists/Bolsheviks, and the whites
who were the either Tsarists or anti-communists. The whites also had
help by the way of foreign intervention and in this essay I am going
to explain what happened and how this helped the communists win the
Russian civil war.
One reason why the communists won the civil war was that both sides
had different aims. The reds had one collective aim that everyone
could strive for. This was to build a new socialist society. This new
socialist society or communist revolution was portrayed to the rest ...view middle of the document...
They had control of the industrial areas and the
extensive railway network. This allowed the communists to distribute
and rush supplies and troops virtually anywhere along their front. The
reds also had control over the major administrative areas and centres
of Petrograd and Moscow and were based in a much smaller area than the
whites. The whites were in a very different geographical situation.
The whites were scattered with hundreds of miles and often mountains
in between each individual army. This made communication very
difficult as well as the distribution of supplies and troops. This
helped the communists win the war because the reds never had t an
attack that could be sustained for a long period of time, before the
whites needed reinforcements which could never come due to the
distance between each army, so ultimately the whites always had to
retreat.
A third reason was Leadership and unity. The reds were very lucky in
the fact that they had a fantastic leader in the form of Trotsky.
Trotsky had built the army up from nothing had had done this through
the introduction of conscription for men who were over the age of
eighteen. T o command these men Trotsky brought in 50,000 experienced
former tsarist officers and appointed political commissars, who were
basically fanatical communists to each unit of men to make sure they
carried out their orders with efficiency. Trotsky was personally very
courageous and was not afraid of going to the front or facing the
people. He was also a superb public speaker so he could easily get his
voice across or boost morale if required. He did this several times on
his personal train, which he virtually lived on, Upon which he took
himself and his army of hand picked elite soldiers to the places where
the fighting was hardest. On the other hand the whites lacked good
leaders. The system within the communist's armies was there was no
rank and everyone would be called and treated the same insured unity
amongst the ranks. However with the whites, due to there being several
independent armies of varying degrees of wealth and successfulness,
jealousy was rife. Also the language barrier did not help the white's
to unify. This helped the reds to win the war because the reds were
always ready to support one another and back each other up. Their
leadership and particularly unity made the red army into a feared and
strong fighting force. It also helped the reds win the war because the
morale was always high, therefore the soldiers were happy to fight.
Another reason was the intervention of foreign troops. Foreign
intervention was supposed to help the whites however it proved to help
the reds more. Some countries were there just to keep an eye on what
other countries were doing. The individual forces never co-ordinated
their attacks and therefore had...
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old-article 111644990717706 https://lifestyle.livemint.com story https://lifestyle.livemint.com News /news/talking-point/lights-camera-oestrogen-111644990717706.html
Home > News> Talking Point > Lights, camera, oestrogen!
Lights, camera, oestrogen!
From fighting court battles to fire on set, the women in Gayatri Rangachari Shah and Mallika Kapur's behind-the-scenes Bollywood book emerge as the real leading ladies
/news/talking-point/lights-camera-oestrogen-111644990717706.html 111644990717706 story
(from far left) Stylist Anaita Shroff Adajania, stuntwoman Geeta Tandon and cinematographer Priya Seth—three 'Changemakers'. Photo: Vijay Bedi
By Anindita Ghose
When they took a photo of the unit on the last day of filming Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar back in 1992, film-maker Farah Khan recounts that among the crew of roughly 75 men, there was one woman. It was her. In her foreword to a new book Changemakers: Twenty Women Transforming Bollywood Behind The Scenes (Penguin), Khan reports that on the sets of her films Happy New Year (2014) and Om Shanti Om (2007), at least 50% of her crew comprised women. "I want to be clear that I do not choose a person because she is a woman, nor am I suggesting that anyone should get a job because of their gender. I choose the best person for the job," she writes.
Similar concerns inform the co-writers of the book, journalists Gayatri Rangachari Shah and Mallika Kapur. I meet Shah in the lobby of a midtown Mumbai hotel and we video- call Kapur, who is based in Hong Kong, to speak about the book (this is sort of how they produced the book). Cinema isn't a specific area of expertise for either but they were clear they wanted to collaborate on a book on women leaders and locate it within a national narrative. "Hindi cinema can get a conversation going on various social issues," says Shah. "We approached it like journalists would approach a source," adds Kapur. While the book addresses many firsts—Hetal Dedhia, for instance, is Hindi cinema's first and only female gaffer—nowhere in the writing is gender a Cuban heel, making special allowances for the subjects because they are women. "It came down to how these people are making a difference in the industry and if they had a story to tell," says Kapur. The list was drawn up based on interviews with insiders such as Khan, Rajeev Masand and Reshma Shetty.
At a time when Bollywood books are either unauthorized biographies or "How To" tomes, Changemakers is a cool breeze. The authors are veteran journalists who met 20 years ago at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Barkha Dutt was a classmate). While Shah is currently the India head at Tina Brown Live Media, Kapur is senior editor at Bloomberg Live, APAC. Had they started work on the book more recently, and not two years ago, I imagine it would have assumed a different tonality, with #MeToo being a crucial thread. But while sexual misconduct doesn't lead any of the 20 profiles, gender-based discrimination does. The stories of these women are not without struggle. "I was surprised by how many women came from outside the industry and worked their way up. These are tough women. Their courage has really inspired me," says Kapur.
Two profiles stand out. The book opens with Charu Khurana, the Delhi-based make-up artist whose lengthy battle resulted in the 2014 Supreme Court verdict that gave make-up women the right to work in the industry. After being harassed on set repeatedly, Khurana fought to upturn the Cine Costume, Make-Up Artists and Hairdressers Association (CCMAA) directive which kept women out. According to the union, if it allowed women to do make-up, male artists would lose their jobs. It's shocking that this rule was in place until as recently as 2014.
Click here for enlarge
The other story is that of stuntwoman Geeta Tandon, who is the leading lady of this book. Stunt work is an unusual choice for an Indian woman. Of the 581 stunt artists registered with the Movie Stunt Artist Association (MSAA), thankfully not as regressive as CCMAA, 12 are women. As Aejaz Gulab, the group's general secretary, says it: "She's got guts. And she's got one hell of a story about how she landed on a film set." Tandon was married at 15 under excruciating circumstances. After suffering repeated abuse, she walked out at the age of 20 with her two children. Her first assignment as a stuntwoman was for a scene in which her lehenga catches fire. She was singed badly and her eyebrows are scanty even today. But she earned ₹ 18,000 and bought herself a gram of gold. In her portrait in the book, her smile blazes with the strength of her million victories.
Despite having two authors, the book manages to read evenly, though I find the inclusion of Anupama Chopra and Kiran Rao in a book about women "behind the scenes" mildly laughable.
Many of these women wouldn't have achieved what they have without supportive families and bosses. Shah points me to set designer Amrita Mahal Nakai, whose repertoire spans indie gems like Little Zizou (2008) and Ayan Mukerji's forthcoming fantasy film Brahmastra. Not only did she have a champion in her mentor Sharmishta Roy but two months after her daughter Gia was born, her husband and baby were by her side on set. "Dharma Productions created an environment that would be conducive to a young mother, actively encouraging her to bring her baby on location," says Shah.
The word "gaffer", I learn from this book, harks back to the 16th century. It was a term of respect for an older gentleman; a contraction of "Godfather", according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Over time, the movie industry adopted it as the title of the chief supervisor of the lighting team. There is something delicious about the idea of 32-year-old Dedhia, whose 5ft, 8 inches height and athletic frame often cause her to be mistaken for a model on set, being called a "Godfather". Dedhia doesn't feel the need to downplay her feminine side. "As far as you're doing well, nobody is going to say because you have put on nail polish, you have forgotten to do something," she tells Kapur. When I hear the word Godfather now, Marlon Brando's face might not be the first one that comes to mind. And that is only one of the successes of this book.
Changemakers: Twenty Women Transforming Bollywood Behind the Scenes is forthcoming from Penguin next week.
She tweets at @aninditaghose
Farah Khan | Changemakers: Twenty Women Transforming Bollywood Behind The Scenes | Bollywood | Anaita Shroff Adajania | Geeta Tandon | Priya Seth | mint-india-wire
For all latest Fashion News, Lifestyle News, Food News, Smart Living only on Mint Lounge.

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Pension Pulse
Daily Insights on Pensions and Financial Markets
Stocks, The Little Engine That Could?
By Leo Kolivakis March 03, 2012
Caroline Valetkevitch of Reuters reports, Stocks, the little engine that could:
Stocks have proven the naysayers wrong so far in 2012. And the February jobs report could be just the ticket to keep the bulls going next week.
The five-month stock rally has been built on a string of improving economic data that suggests U.S. corporate profit growth will remain intact, according to some analysts.
Job growth is a big part of that picture. It has lagged most other parts of the U.S. economy, a point frequently raised by Republican presidential hopefuls.
But strategists have been calling for a pullback, especially since indexes are hitting new milestones and the fourth-quarter reporting period is winding down.
The Standard & Poor's 500 .SPX is up for eight of the last nine weeks. This week, the Dow .DJI closed above the 13,000 mark for the first time since May 2008, and the S&P 500 twice closed above 1,370, a closely watched technical resistance level. The Nasdaq .IXIC at one point crossed the 3,000 level this week and is trading at its highest since 2000.
Some say staying on this path may be possible with further supportive news on the economy.
"The rally will continue as long as better economic information continues. The question is, 'Are we seeing some sustainable improvement in the economy?' I think the answer is 'yes,' so I think there is going to be some continuation in the rally," said Bryant Evans, investment advisor and portfolio manager at Cozad Asset Management, in Champaign, Illinois.
The government's jobs report for February, due on Friday, is expected to show non-farm payrolls added 210,000 jobs last month, according to economists polled by Reuters, after gaining 243,000 in January.
That would mark three straight months of solid job gains.
The U.S. unemployment rate is seen steady at a three-year low of 8.3 percent.
It would also be further proof the economy is on the upswing. Among recent upbeat data was this week's report showing gross domestic product expanded in last year's fourth quarter at an annual rate of 3 percent - the quickest pace since the second quarter of 2010.
OIL RAISES A RED FLAG
Investors are focusing more on economic data lately, with a bailout package for Greece in the works and U.S. earnings news winding down.
But rising oil prices could create some anxiety.
Concern about supply disruptions from Middle Eastern oil producers has kept Brent crude oil above $120 a barrel, and analysts said that could affect the longevity of the stock market's rally.
"The economy has a pretty good head of steam, and a few data points here or there isn't going to derail that. But if you have some exogenous shock from oil, all bets are off. Things can and do change in the short run," said Doug Foreman, director of equities at Kayne Anderson Rudnick in Los Angeles.
Higher oil prices mean higher costs for consumers and businesses, and an even tougher time for Europe, which appears headed for a recession.
Greece's second bailout from the euro-zone countries will be in place once conditions are finalized. The first of the money can be paid out after the completion of a bond swap between Athens and private investors, which is to be concluded by March 9.
Those concerns aside, stocks' gains year to date could be reason enough for investors to pull back. The S&P 500 has risen 9 percent for the year so far.
"Once you start hitting targets, that tells you something," said John Kosar, director of research with Asbury Research in Chicago.
"From a pure money-management standpoint, the S&P didn't make any money last year. If you're a manager and sitting on almost 10 percent profit as of March 1st, wouldn't you want to take a little bit off the table?"
The S&P 500 ended 2011 virtually unchanged.
THE ECONOMY IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT
But it's hard to argue with economic data.
A stronger U.S. economy will create jobs and improve profits. That is seen as the key driver for the stock market's gains.
Even though the percentage of companies beating analysts' profit expectations is down from recent quarters, earnings growth for the fourth quarter is still at 9.4 percent, above a January 3 growth estimate of 7.9 percent.
Earnings growth is down from recent quarters as well, but analysts said an improving economy will keep that growth from slowing too quickly, and will help offset any negative effects from Europe's fiscal troubles.
"In our view, so long as the employment situation continues to improve, we're on the right trajectory," said Thomas Villalta, portfolio manager for Jones Villalta Asset Management in Austin, Texas.
Besides Friday's jobs report, next week brings a private- sector employment report from ADP on Wednesday.
On Monday, Wall Street will get a snapshot of the U.S. services sector for February from the Institute for Supply Management.
The U.S. international trade deficit for January will be released on Friday, at the same time as the non-farm payrolls report. Economists polled by Reuters expect the country's international trade deficit to have edged up to $49 billion for January from December's $48.8 billion.
Among the remaining S&P 500 companies to report results, tax preparation company H & R Block Inc (HRB.N) is on next week's agenda as well as filtration equipment maker Pall Corp (PLL.N).
I think the overall market is pausing for a short breather but will keep grinding higher on better-than-expected economics news. It is becoming a stock picker's market once again.
Funny the article mentions H&R Block at the end because the top holder is Viking Global Investors, one of the best hedge funds in the world. You can review all of Viking's top holdings in the fourth quarter by clicking here. Don't go out and buy any of these stocks as many have already had huge run-ups since the end of Q3.
I regularly go over the 13-F filings of top hedge funds and mutual funds to see where these "superstars" made big money and where they're placing their bets. The data is lagged (comes out 45 days after end of quarter), but often times I can anticipate what top funds are buying before the data is made public.
I use this information to see what has moved and what hasn't moved yet, or worse still, what is sinking like a rock. For example, by now everyone knows top funds bought Apple (AAPL), Google (GOOG) and Microsoft (MSFT) shares in Q4 but did you know they also bought EOG Resources (EOG) and Weatherford International (WFT). In fact, two of the top holders of Weatherford International are well known large hedge funds, SAC Capital and Citadel Advisors.
Again, if you do not know what you are doing, do not blindly buy any stock that these hedge funds are buying because you will get burned.
Speaking of getting burned, investors in solar shares got scorched this week when First Solar (FSLR) reported weaker than expected earnings (my motto, unless you have insider info, never hold a stock into earnings, especially if it's showing weakness). Just look at the chart of First Solar below (click on image to enlarge):
Over the past year the price of the stock has fallen from $163 to $30. At the beginning of 2012, the stock took off from $30 to $50, only to come right back down. Lots of hedgies played this stock (Maverick Capital is a top holder) and short-sellers have piled in betting shares will go lower (think solars are the most manipulated stocks, beware, extreme volatility!!!).
Where else have short-sellers piled in? Check out coal and steel stocks, they're getting slaughtered. Stocks like James River Coal (JRCC) and AK Steel holding Corporation (AKS) are on my radar but again, there is no rush to buy them as they keep getting pummeled. Also looking at stocks like Encana (ECA), a big producer of natural gas which did not participate in the latest rally (SAC Capital and others bought positions).
What I love about the stock market is that there are always opportunities and themes to play. For example, if you think water is going to be a major theme, you might want to buy shares of Xylem (XYL). Lots of top funds, including Renaissance Technologies, own shares of this company (I don't, it is fairly new, IPOed six months ago).
Where else are top funds making money? Lone Pine Capital made a ton of money betting on Ralph Lauren (RL) while others like SAB Capital, Wellington and Citadel placed big bets on Ann Taylor (ANN), a specialty retailer of women apparel, shoes, and accessories (never bet against female consumers, they support the U.S. and global economy!).
Another big theme in these markets is dividends. Investors want yield. At the beginning of the year, I noticed Renaissance Technologies, the best quantitative hedge fund in the world, increased its stake in Veolia Environnement (VE), a French utility that pays out a whopping 11% dividend yield. The stock took off this week on news that it was in talks to sell its transport business (again, do not chase these stocks!). Also, check out the dividend on Invesco Mortgage Capital (IVR), a top holding of SAB Capital and Citadel.
What I see going forward is truly a stock picker's market. I still like stocks that are leveraged to the global economic recovery, some of which I discussed in La Dolce Beta. As the overall market meanders around this level or grinds higher for the remainder of the year, there will be plenty of opportunities to make (and lose) money in the stock market but tread carefully.
Below, Jonathan Golub, chief U.S. market strategist at UBS Securities, talks about the outlook for stocks. He speaks with Betty Liu, Dominic Chu and Sheila Dharmarajan on Bloomberg Television's "In the Loop." John Brady, senior vice president at RJ O'Brien & Associates, also speaks.
I also embedded a Bloomberg interview with Michael A. Gayed, the chief investment strategist at Pension Partners LLC, who talks about the outlook and performance of retailer and consumer stocks. Gayed speaks with Adam Johnson on Bloomberg Television's "Street Smart." Listen to his comments on the strength of retailers despite rising gas prices.
Finally, James McCaughan, chief executive officer of Principal Global Investors, talks about the outlook for Europe's sovereign-debt crisis and the possible impact on global stock markets. He speaks with Mark Crumpton on Bloomberg Television's "Bottom Line."
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COPYRIGHT LEO KOLIVAKIS © 2008-2019
Leo Kolivakis
Canadian-based senior analyst specializing in pension funds and investments across public/private markets. Email: LKolivakis@gmail.com
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Tim Kiladze of The Globe and Mail reports the unfortunate market reality is that financial corrections take time, and there's (very likely) more pain to come: Everyone wants it to be over. The interest-rate hikes . The housing crash. The stock-market correction. The reality: The worst, very likely, hasn't hit yet. This isn't crazy conjecture. Crucially, central banks have yet to say they are done hiking rates. The Bank of Canada recently signalled it is getting close to that point, but there is no guarantee that a change of heart is just around the corner. The United States, meanwhile, is even further off. The betting money now expects the Federal Reserve to jack its rate above 5 per cent – and then hold it there through 2023. At the same time, central banks are taking liquidity, or cash, out of the financial system. All the money they made available to prop up the economy has to be withdrawn, and doing so is a major headwind for credit availability. Still not convinced? Ta
Is Private Debt The Next Subprime Debt Crisis?
This post is going to raise a lot of eyebrows and concerns about the private debt boom and whether it's the next subprime debt crisis. Please take the time to read it carefully. Earlier this week, I spoke with Deborah Orida, President and CEO of PSP Investments on their new partnership with AIMCo to explore and invest in private loans . I told Deb to read my Outlook 2023 to understand why I am very bearish and foresee major dislocations across public and private markets this year, including private debt and credit in general , "so those double-digit returns you were getting since inception of the program at PSP are going to be much more difficult to get in the next 2-3 years." I told her I expect more pain in high yield credit (HYG) and the leveraged loan market (BKLN) and this will spill over into private debt: Deb replied: In terms of the market, we have a highly diversified portfolio that has good exposure to some things that are well-positioned in this marke
PSP Investments' CEO on a New Partnership With AIMCo to Fund Private Loans
James Bradshaw of the Globe and Mail reports Alberta pension manager AIMCo strikes deal with PSP after hiring away top executive: Alberta Investment Management Corp. has struck an agreement to jointly fund private loans to companies with Public Sector Pension Investment Board after hiring away one of PSP's top executives. Alberta's government-owned asset manager has hired David Scudellari to a new role as head of international investment. He joins AIMCo immediately as a senior executive managing director, reporting to chief executive officer Evan Siddall, from PSP Investments – the federal public sector pension manager. Under AIMCo and PSP's new loan sourcing agreement, PSP will originate private credit investments that will be funded by both pension managers, with money earmarked by each. With Mr. Scudellari's departure, the arrangement gives PSP additional funding to take advantage of the large pipeline of deals it sources, while AIMCo gets a chance to expand its credi
PSP's Herman Bril Discusses Their 2022 Responsible Investment Report
By Leo Kolivakis November 10, 2022
PSP Investments released its 2022 Responsible Investment Report demonstrating continued momentum on climate change commitments, data integration and active ownership: Highlights: Exposure to green assets increased by $6.2 billion to $46.5 billion, driven, in part, by new climate-aligned investments Companies representing 42% of our portfolio carbon footprint now report GHG data, a 14% increase in data coverage relative to the last year Climate disclosures made based on the key recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures Engaged with 811 listed companies on key ESG issues and voted at 5,837 shareholders' meetings on 58,678 resolutions, with 21% of the votes being against management mainly related to board composition issues Montréal, Canada, November 10, 2022 – The Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments) today published its annual Responsible Investment Report, which outlines how the organization seeks to integ
When McKinsey Comes to Canada's Crown Corporations
Daniel Leblanc of CBC News reports that a Canadian Crown corporation faces staff backlash over McKinsey contract, spending decisions: Multimillion-dollar contracts awarded by the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) to consulting firm McKinsey, coupled with some unusual spending choices — including a decision to fly a private chauffeur to B.C. to drive the Crown corporation's president around — are raising eyebrows within the BDC, sources say. Current and former BDC employees say they're alarmed at some of the expenses incurred by the BDC under the leadership of president Isabelle Hudon. Hudon, Canada's former ambassador to France, was appointed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government in 2021 to head the Crown corporation. The BDC provides loans, venture capital and advisory services to small and medium-sized businesses across Canada. Hudon is bringing major changes to the organization. The BDC has adopted more ambitious long-term growth targets a
This Time is Different, It's Much Worse!
By Leo Kolivakis December 09, 2022
Herbert Lash and Carolyn Cohn of Reuters report stocks fall, yields rise as inflation data sends mixed signals: Treasury yields rose and Wall Street stocks fell on Friday after data on U.S. producer prices raised conflicting views, stirring hope of moderating inflation but also fears the Federal Reserve will need to keep interest rates higher for longer. The producer price index (PPI) for final demand rose 0.3% last month and increased 7.4% in the 12 months through November, while the PPI for October was revised up to 0.3% from 0.2% as previously reported, the U.S. Labor Department said. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast monthly PPI climbing 0.2% and rising 7.2% year-on-year. While the data showed inflation slowing over the last 12 months, the monthly rise fueled concerns that next week's report on the consumer price index may indicate inflation is sticky and lead the Fed to not cut rates as soon as many anticipate. Fed policymakers are expected to raise rates
Sell The Rip on Wall Street and Thoughts From Davos
Chuck Mikolajczak of Reuters reports Wall Street rallies to end higher on Alphabet, Netflix lift: U.S. stocks rallied to close higher on Friday, as the S&P 500 and Dow snapped a three-session losing streak and the Nasdaq rose more than 2%, as quarterly earnings helped lift Netflix, while Google parent Alphabet climbed after announcing job cuts. Shares of Netflix Inc jumped 8.46% as the streaming company added more subscribers than expected in the fourth quarter and said co-founder Reed Hastings was stepping down as chief executive. Netflix's quarterly report comes as the technology and other growth-related sectors face hurdles due to the rising interest rate path of the U.S. Federal Reserve and recession worries that have led companies such as Microsoft Corp and Amazon.com Inc to lay off thousands of employees. Alphabet Inc was the most recent company to announce job cuts as it said it was cutting 12,000 jobs, sending shares 5.34% higher. The gains sent the commu
CDPQ's CEO on Being Named 2022 Fund of the Year
Global SWF recently named CDPQ 2022 fund of the year and conducted an interview with Chalres Emond, its President and CEO: Industry analysts and commentators usually group all Canadian Funds together. However, each of them has a distinct risk and investment profile. The Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ) is unique in that it manages both public capital and pension contributions, and in that it juggles a dual mandate of achieving optimal financial returns as well as contributing to the economic development of the province of Québec. CDPQ invests on behalf of 47 different depositor groups, although three quarters of its capital comes from three pension plans: Finances Québec, Retraite Québec and RREGOP . It also manages the monies of several insurance plans, including those in the healthcare and automobile sectors. Québec presents the right ecosystem for CDPQ to thrive, with a diversified economy based on the services sector and abundant in natural resources.
Does Canada Need a Pension Champion?
Gavin Benjamin, a partner of retirement solutions at LifeWorks Inc., wrote a comment for Benefits Canada on whether Canada needs a pension champion: In the Expert Commission on Pensions' 2008 review of Ontario's pension system, it recommended an agency or unit of the provincial government serve as a pension champion. According to the commission, the pension champion's responsibilities would include working closely with stakeholders, promoting and facilitating innovation in the pension system and leading policy development efforts in the pension field. The concept of a pension champion on a national level is pertinent, in light of some recent developments that appear contradictory from a pension policy perspective: Funding reform In recent years, several provinces have implemented private sector pension funding reform with the objective of increasing the sustainability of defined benefit pension plans by either making solvency funding requirements less onerous or completely
AIMCo Appoints Marlene Puffer to the Role of CIO
The Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo) just announced that Marlene Puffer has been appointed to the role of Chief Investment Officer: Edmonton, Alberta – Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo) is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Marlene Puffer as Chief Investment Officer. She will assume her new role on January 30, 2023. Dr. Puffer is an accomplished investor and leader with over 25 years of experience in both cross-asset class portfolio management and liability driven investment. Dr. Puffer brings with her an excellent investment track record and a wealth of experience in traditional and alternative investments, capital markets, and pension governance. She has held CEO, senior roles and board positions at major Canadian pension funds and investment dealers. Most recently, she was the President and Chief Executive Officer at CN Investment Division, accountable for all aspects of the investment management and organizational oversight of t


Hayes was a hot name after his sophomore season, playing an important complementary role alongside Frank Kaminsky and Sam Dekker on a Wisconsin team that made the national title game. However, he struggled taking a lead role on Wisconsin the last 2 seasons as his efficiency dipped. Still, he's got a lot of potential as a role player at the NBA level if he can regain his sophomore form, and he projects as a plus defensive player at the 4, with great quickness and length. It's a matter of him figuring out his shot, but he's a really smart player who can make the right play, even as he's only posted middling efficiency the past couple seasons.
Should the Phoenix Suns jump into the Paul George race?


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Tags: Christian McCaffrey, Ezekiel Elliott, Chris Carson, Alexander Mattison, David Johnson, Kirk Cousins, Melvin Gordon, Leonard Fournette, Austin Ekeler, Gary Kubiak, Derrick Henry, Aaron Jones, Marlon Mack, Sports, Alvin Kamara, James Conner, Rick Spielman, Mike Boone, Dalvin Cook, Joe Mixon
Vikings, Cook present NFL's latest RB contract standoff
FILE - In this Oct. 24 2019, file photo, Minnesota Vikings running back Dalvin Cook walks on the field before an NFL football game against the Washington Redskins in Minneapolis. The Vikings have centered their offense around running back Dalvin Cook and praised him at every turn, but now the bill has come due. Cook is holding out of team activities until he has a new contract. (AP Photo/Bruce Kluckhohn, FIle)
MINNEAPOLIS – Dalvin Cook logged off last week from virtual team activities with the Minnesota Vikings, no longer willing to participate until he has secured a new contract.
Cook's situation is the latest standoff of sorts between an NFL team and a star running back, with the possibility of several more in the coming year in a league that has steadily driven down the financial value of the position.
The Vikings, though, have made no secret of their desire to make Cook the centerpiece of their offense. It's difficult to envision them not eventually striking a deal with a player they've frequently praised for his work in the backfield, in the locker room and in the community. Cook was the only player pictured on a promotional graphic the team created earlier this spring for the release of the 2020 schedule.
"I consider Dalvin as one of those core group of players that we definitely want to try to keep," general manager Rick Spielman said earlier this offseason.
A person with direct knowledge of Cook's decision confirmed to The Associated Press that the Pro Bowl pick will not take part in the remainder of the offseason program or report to training camp without a new contract. The person spoke on condition of anonymity because of the confidential nature of the negotiations.
If Cook were to skip part or all of camp, which remains a tentative event due to the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Vikings wouldn't worry much about the lost repetitions.
"Dalvin could teach class. He's that bright and that smart of a football player," offensive coordinator Gary Kubiak said this week. "It's part of the business, and guys like him, professionals like him, take care of themselves."
Cook had a breakout season in 2019, with 1,135 yards and 13 touchdowns rushing plus 519 yards receiving in 14 games. He had 303 total touches, a per-game average (21.6) that ranked fourth in the NFL. Cook has missed 21 games including playoffs to injuries over three years in the league, however. The 2017 second-round draft pick tore his ACL as a rookie, had a hamstring strain in 2018, and dealt with shoulder trouble last season.
Carolina's Christian McCaffrey set the position bar high two months ago with his four-year, $64 million extension, after the All-Pro selection became just the third player in NFL history to reach 1,000 yards rushing and receiving in one season.
"I'd put McCaffrey in his own camp. He's an anomaly, and he's been paid as such now," said Mike Ginnitti, the managing editor of Spotrac, the website he founded to evaluate pro sports contracts.
The six-year, $90 million deal Dallas reached with Ezekiel Elliott, the fourth overall pick in the 2016 draft, prior to last season would also be hard for the Vikings to mimic considering the amount of salary cap space they've devoted to quarterback Kirk Cousins and several standouts on defense.
The three-year, $39 million contract Arizona gave David Johnson, who's now with Houston, might be the most realistic model. Spotrac pegged Cook for a deal with an annual average value of around $12.5 million, perhaps $25 million guaranteed over the next two seasons.
While Cook could always choose to preserve his health and sit out an entire year like Le'Veon Bell did with Pittsburgh in 2018, failing to report for the first day of training camp would hurt Cook, The new collective bargaining agreement keeps such a player from receiving an accrued season toward unrestricted free agency. He would be a restricted free agent in that scenario without a new deal, severely limiting his market.
There's the franchise tag, too, that the Vikings could opt for, as Kenyon Drake (Arizona) and Derrick Henry (Tennessee) recently received. The Vikings saw promise from Alexander Mattison and Mike Boone in relief of Cook last year, too, giving them cap-friendly options in the worst-case scenario.
Melvin Gordon essentially lost his staredown last year with the Los Angeles Chargers, who wound up giving his replacement Austin Ekeler, who was undrafted in 2017, a four-year, $24.5 million deal. Gordon took a two-year, $8 million contract with Denver.
The rest of the NFL will be closely watching what transpires with Cook and the Vikings. Not only are Henry and Drake still seeking longer guarantees, but so are these 2017 draftees beyond their rookie deals: Leonard Fournette (Jacksonville), Joe Mixon (Cincinnati), Alvin Kamara (New Orleans), James Conner (Pittsburgh), Marlon Mack (Indianapolis), Aaron Jones (Green Bay) and Chris Carson (Seattle).
In a quarterback-driven league with the high injury rates of running backs, some of those players in that group are likely to be disappointed.
"They'd like more long-term stability, but I do think that's where this position is going, because they are impactful players for a few years even after their rookie contract, and then they do fall off a cliff," Ginnitti said. "That's just what the analytics prove now. So really what we're getting at is a couple of franchise tags smashed together. That's really what I think we're going to see with a couple of these contracts, in terms of two-year guarantees at a really high clip."
More AP NFL coverage: https://apnews.com/NFL and https://twitter.com/AP_NFL


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Destination Vietnam
Vietnam by planes, trains, automobiles... and then some
Mark Eveleigh, CNN • Published 16th May 2018
(CNN) — If a Harley Davidson is said to throb to the rhythm of the human heartbeat, then the guttural barking of a classic Russian Ural motorbike is probably what a coronary feels like.
The analogy came to mind as I rattled through the clogged arteries of Hanoi's Old Quarter in the sidecar of a 50-year-old Iron Curtain motorbike.
Perhaps it's something to do with the shape of Vietnam -- a sinuous, serpentine country, snaking 1,000 miles down the eastern seaboard of Indochina -- that makes imaginative transportation such a fascination in the country.
I'd started my journey in an infinitely more leisurely style -- with a seaplane flight to mystical Halong Bay and a few days exploring that intriguing archipelago in a Vietnamese junk.
Now I was back in Hanoi and quickly falling in love with the bustling Old Town.
Guided jeep tours visit the tangled alleys and lakeside roads of Old Hanoi.
Mark Eveleigh, CNN
Local guide Cuong Phung -- who'd led the likes of Ewan McGregor and Charlie Boorman on motorbike tours of Vietnam -- had spent the morning showing me his enchanting city from the 360-degree vantage point of an open-top American military Jeep.
Now he was revving his old Ural motorbike down towards Hanoi's railway station (still signposted Ga Hà Nội from the French) with my kitbag stuffed between my knees in the well of the sidecar.
I had more than 1,000 miles to travel from the traditional northern capital down to the colorful metropolis of Ho Chi Minh City and had been looking forward to the first leg of a 14-hour rail trip down to Hoi An on the legendary Reunification Express.
30 of Vietnam's most beautiful places
It's one of the world's most evocative rail journeys, but accommodation is basic and notorious shared washrooms tend to dissuade all but the most dedicated rail fans from making this trip.
I spent a night swaying in the upper bunk and was pleased when the rising sun brought with it a view of the gleaming waves of the South China Sea and the promise of an invigorating surf session at Danang's China Beach.
'That's not a boat, it's a basket'
Danang was once a major American base and a "rest and recuperation" center for frontline GIs, including a handful of Californians who pioneered surfing in this area.
Although the waves are far from Golden State quality, the chance to ride a few cruising China Beach breakers was irresistible.
Basket-like trungs are said to have been designed to circument a French tax on boats.
"Charlie don't surf!" yells Robert Duvall in Francis Ford Coppola's iconic movie "Apocalypse Now."
But in fact, Vietnamese fishermen have been surfing these waves since long before it was ever called China Beach.
And, what's more, they surf them in simple circular boats known as "trung," which, with neither bow nor stern, might be the world's most basic rowing boats.
Battling out to sea, crouched in the belly of one of these boats, I soon realized that steering a trung takes a level of skill that surpasses the mere handling of a Californian Malibu board.
We hit the streets with a tour that's educating visitors about Hanoi's best street food, from bun ca (fish noodle soup) to iced coffee.
Often considered an ancient version of the medieval coracle, the Vietnamese trung was actually a trick to circumvent a French tax on boats: "That's not a boat," they'd say, "it's a basket!"
As befits a country with more than 2,000 miles of coastline, Vietnam has an endless variety of boats. By sunset I was drifting slowly down the Thu Bon River in the ancient city of Hoi An (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) amid an entire fleet of eagle-eyed sampans.
The people of Hoi An believe that their boats avoid collision primarily because of the eyes painted on their bows, but the shrewd skill of the cigar-puffing old woman who manned the oars certainly played a large part in maneuvering safely along the busy ribbon of gilded water as darkness fell on the ancient town.
With its creaking cycle-trishaws and alleyways strung with Chinese lanterns, Hoi An could be the most picturesque spot in all of Indochina.
From the riviera to the rice basket
Travel in Vietnam is often about powerful contrasts, and the next morning I hauled my kitbag out of a trishaw and onto a long-distance sleeper bus where I slid into one of a series of molded cubbyholes that allowed each passenger to lie stretched almost horizontal.
We gazed out of the low-level windows or dozed, slotted in line like hibernating astronauts, through much of the 10-hour journey to Cam Ranh Bay.
Moped taxis are a popular transport option in Vietnam.
Cam Ranh is an up-and-coming luxury resort area that sees itself as the Vietnamese Riviera. A great stretch of gleaming white sand is fast becoming the setting for some of the country's top luxury hotels.
The Anam is one of the finest, with sprawling lawns leading down to the crystal sands and suites decorated with original paintings by local artists. The area itself has little to offer culturally, but the idyllic serenity of The Anam offered a perfect spell of R&R as I prepared myself for the sensory overload of Ho Chi Minh City.
Beyond pho: 5 of Hanoi's top noodle dishes
Although I'm now in the south, my Vietnamese overland trip is far from over. The great watery sprawl of the Mekong Delta lures me onward with dreams of peaceful afternoons cycling along riverside paths and more waterborne adventure among the 15,666 square miles of Vietnamese down-country bayous that are known as the rice-basket of Vietnam.
It's only when I check out of the pretty little Ma Maison Boutique Hotel (656/52 Cach Mang Thang 8 Street, Ward 11, District 3; (84-8) 3846 0263) in old Ho Chi Minh City to head for the rendezvous for my Mekong visit that I discover what is surely the most charmingly named of all Vietnam's countless forms of transport.
Apparently, the moped taxis that had already shuttled me through half a dozen cities down the length of the country are known here as Honda Om.
"Om" means "hug" in Vietnamese and these vehicles are named for the apparent affection of a passenger clinging to the back of the rider as he darts through the swarming traffic with the daring of a Mig pilot.
This might be one of Asia's most diverse countries, but it seemed to me that the humble "Honda hug" could be a unifying symbol of modern Vietnam.
Asia experts Backyard Travel offer 9-day overland tours from US$1,105 per person, including Mekong Delta and Halong Bay, and taking in the main sights between Saigon and Hanoi.


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Balchik town and the sandy beach - 3 km.
A local bus stop - 200 m.
A local shop - 200 m.
A local restaurant - 200 m.
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Pop and Dance Star shoot his new video clip in Villa Lilly. Enjoy watching Body Shaker!
Villa Lilly is a great holiday home, built in 2007 to meet all family requirements for a perfect vacation close to the Black sea shore. The villa will surprise you with its top location in a quiet area between Albena resort and Balchik town, known as "Ovcharovski plaj" and distanced only about 3 km from Balchik town center. With its modern living facilities and the charming local environment, the villa will ensure the high comfort of the guests. With its more than 250.00 sq. m. living area, the villa is the perfect summer holiday home for your family vacation in Bulgaria. Equipped with all children facilities - children section of the swimming pool, high chair, baby cot - guests will enjoy an easy-going vacation. The full and friendly support by the Villa Manager will contribute additionally to your carefree holiday in Bulgaria.
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- Balchik town and the sandy beach - 3 km.
- A local bus stop - 200 m.
- A local shop - 200 m.
Durankulak and Shabla lakes - The Durankulak lake was declared a protected area in 1983 as part of the measures for the preservation of endangered species. It is also where one of the two major birth migration routes passes - the so-called "Via Pontika". Near the lakes of Shabla and Durankulak there are law-protected damp areas of international importance. These territories are the most significant winter quarters in Europe for many water birds. The Shabla Lake is one of the biggest habitats of the White Water Lily and Yellow Water Lily in Bulgaria. The lakes give shelter also to the Otter, which is a rare animal species in Europe.
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What is a Medicare Complement?
This implies it will help spend a number of the health care charges ("breaks") that the Unique Medicare Strategy does not cover (like coinsurance and deductibles). Medicare Supplement policies could also cover certain items that Medicare doesn't cover. If you're in the Unique Medicare Strategy and you purchase a complement policy, then both programs can pay their share of the Medicare-approved amount for covered health care costs. Medicare Supplement guidelines are sold by personal insurance companies.
A supplement policy is not really a "Medicare Benefit" (like an HMO or PPO) since it's maybe not ways to get Medicare benefits. Insurance organizations may sell you only a "standardized" Medicare Supplement policy. Standardized supplement policies are recognized by words (A through L). In a few claims, like Texas or Louisiana, maybe you are able to purchase another kind of Medicare Supplement plan called Medicare SELECT. Each type of complement plan offers exactly the same standard benefits, whichever insurance business sells it. Frequently the only difference between policies offered by different insurance companies may be the cost. Medicare supplement plans 2020 policies must follow Federal and state laws. These laws are designed to protect you.
The most effective time to buy a supplement policy is during your open enrollment period. That time lasts for six months and starts on the first day of the month in that you simply are both age 65 or older and enrolled in Medicare Part B. During this time, an insurance business can't use medical underwriting. This implies it can't refuse to offer you any supplement plan it carries, cause you to await insurance to start, or charge you more for a policy due to your wellbeing problems. If you buy a product plan when you yourself have a guaranteed in full problem proper, the insurance organization can't make use of a pre-existing situation waiting period at all.


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7 TV Personality / C
by andrew · February 27, 2017
Cuomo in 2014, photo: miromiro/Bigstock.com
Birth Name: Christopher Charles Cuomo
Place of Birth: Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.
Date of Birth: August 9, 1970
Ethnicity: Italian [Campanian, Sicilian]
Chris Cuomo is an American television journalist.
Chris is the son of Matilda (Raffa) and Mario Cuomo, a Governor of New York, from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 1994. His brother is Andrew Cuomo, a politician, who has been Governor of New York, since January 1, 2011, among other duties.
Chris is married to magazine editor Cristina Greeven, with whom he has three children.
Chris's paternal grandfather was Andrea Cuomo (the son of Donato Cuomo and Germana Castaldo). Andrea was born in Nocera Superiore, Salerno, Italy.
Chris's paternal grandmother was Immaculata Giordano/Giardano. Immaculata was born in Tramonti, Salerno, Italy.
Chris's maternal grandfather was named Charles Raffa. Charles was born in Messina, Sicily, Italy.
Chris's maternal grandmother was named Mary Gitto. Mary was also Italian.
Sources: Partial family history of Chris's father – http://blogs.ancestry.com
Genealogy of Chris Cuomo – http://www.geni.com
Tags: CampanianItalianSicilian
jackson9 says:
Chris Cuomo is the worst on CNN. and he is competing against Jim Acosta, Don Lemon, and Piers Morgan.
italiano90 says:
As an italian I've never been offended by the term "Fredo" and neither have any of my family members and friends. Him comparing that word to the "N" word is…tone deaf.
typo: genealogy of Chris Cuomo
His paternal grandmother's surname is "Giordano".
Abdrew Cuomo has a page on this site.


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Sanghyang Adi Buddha is a concept of God in Indonesian Buddhism. This term was used by Ashin Jinarakkhita at the time of Buddhist revival in Indonesia in the mid-20th century to reconcile the first principle of the official philosophical foundation of Indonesia (Pancasila), i.e. Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (lit. "Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence") that requires the belief in a supreme God, which Buddhism, strictly speaking, does not believe in. This concept is used by the Indonesian Buddhist Council, an organization that seeks to represent all Buddhist traditions in Indonesia such as Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana.

Adi-Buddha is a term used in Tantric Buddhism to refer to the Primordial Buddha. The term Sanghyang Adi Buddha is agreed upon and used by the Indonesian Supreme Sangha and the Indonesian Buddhist Council as the designation for God Almighty. This term is not found in Pāli Canon, but used in some old Indonesian Vajrayana texts such as Sanghyang Kamahayanikan.

Conception
Sang Hyang Adi Buddha refers to "the seed of Buddhahood" inside every being. In Mahayana Buddhism, Adi Buddha refers to the primordial Buddha that outlines the same Universal Dhamma. The Adi-buddha is not a monotheistic deity as in the Abrahamic traditions, but is rather the primordial nature of mind, the part of the mind that never enters samsara, and is thus the "primordial Buddha." As the Primordial Buddha never entertains conceptual ignorance or proliferation, all that arises is referred to as "self-liberated." Sogyal Rinpoche writes:"[Kuntuzangpo] represents the absolute, naked, sky-like primordial purity of the nature of our mind.""

For the purposes of official recognition as a religion by the state, Mahabhiksu Ashin Jinarakkhita encouraged Indonesian Buddhists to present the Adi-Buddha as: "a concept of "supreme divinity" in the Dharma that would be most readily recognizable and acceptable to predominantly Muslim authorities."

Adi-Buddha is the Primordial Buddha, or Paramadi Buddha (The first and incomparable Buddha). He has some other names in other Buddhist traditions such as Adau‐Buddha (Primordial Buddha), Anadi‐Buddha (Uncreated Buddha), Uru‐Buddha (Buddha of the Buddhas). He also called Adinatha (The first Protector), Svayambhulokanatha (self-originating World Protector), Vajradhara (Vajra Holder), Vajrasattva (Vajra Being), Svayambhu (the Self-Originating One), or Sanghyang Adwaya (Unequalled). In Chinese language, Adi‐Buddha is Pen‐chu‐fu, while aramadi‐Buddha is translated as Sheng‐chu‐fu. In Tibet Dan‐pohi‐sans‐rgyas, Mchog‐gi‐dan‐pohi‐sans‐rgyas, or Thogmahi‐sans‐rgyas are all refers to "Buddha of the Buddhas", that existed since the beginning, as the first: Paramadi‐buddhoddhrta‐sri‐kalacakra‐nama‐tantraraja and Jnanasattva‐manjusryadi‐buddha‐nama‐sadhana.

Mahayana Buddhism believes that Buddha has three bodies (Trikaya), i.e.: "The Created Body" (Nirmanakaya) to teach common human being; "Body of Mutual Enjoyment" (Sambhogakāya) or the body of bliss or clear light; and "Truth Body" (Dharmakāya) which is eternal, omnipresent, non-individual, almighty, non-dual, and self-originating (svabhava‐kaya). There may be many Buddhas, but only one Dharmakaya. This Dharmakaya is identical with Adi‐Buddha. The sources of this Trikaya doctrine are Avatamsaka Sutra and Mahayana‐sraddhotpada‐shastra. The last one was the work of Asvagosha, a monk who lived around the first century AD. Vetulyaka Lokottaravada School says that Sakyamuni originally was the manifestation of Adi‐Buddha in this world. Herman S. Hendro (1968) wrote:
"Dalam Kitab Sutji Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan, pupuh ke-19 didjelaskan bahwa Sang Buddha Gautama telah menunggal dengan Sang Hyang Adhi Buddha atau dengan kata lain bahwa Sang Buddha Gautama adalah pengedjawantahan dari Sang Adhi Buddha. Karena itu bila kita menjebut Sang Adhi Buddha maka itu adalah Sang Buddha jang tidak berkarya (saguna)."
"In the Sacred Book of Sanghyang Kamahayanikan, 19th stanza, is explained that the Buddha Gautama was merged with Sang Hyang Adhi Buddha, or in other words the Buddha Gautama was the manifestation of the Adhi Buddha. Therefore if we refers the Adhi Buddha then He is the Buddha who is inactive (saguna)."

With his power, he emanates into five Dhyani Buddhas. The Pure Land of the Adi Buddha is called Ogamin in Tibetan or Akanistha in Sanskrit (lit. "not down" or "without (back) to the bottom").

Buddhist concept
In Udana Nikaya (viii: 3), Sakyamuni gave his teaching:

From the Pali language: Athi Ajatam Adbhutam Akatam Samkhatamor "the Unborn, Unoriginated, Uncreated, and Absolute One". The Primordial Buddha is something without ego (anatta), unpersonified, and indescribable in any form. But for there is the Absolute, the unconditioned (Asamkhatam), one can attain the freedom from the wheel of life (samsara) by meditating.
 The Indonesian Supreme Sangha describes God in Buddhism and (for the purposes of state recognition as a religion) defines God as "the source of everything that exists": Almighty, eternal, everything in the universe are His exposition, intangible and doesn't manifest Himself.

Indonesian National Encyclopedia
Indonesian National Encyclopedia (1988) describes Adi Buddha and the traditions that are used this term thus:

The Seeker's Glossary of Buddhism
The Seeker's Glossary of Buddhism gives the following definition for Adi Buddha:

Indonesia
Since the time of Sailendra and Mataram Kingdom, Indonesian Buddhists have the same belief in the existence of the Adi-Buddha as the Buddhists in Tibet, Nepal, and the northern schools. Nepalese uses the term Adinata, which means "main protector" and Swayambhulokanatta, which means "the unborn protector of the universe". The Tibetan familiar with terms such as Vajradhara (Tibet= Dorjechang; lit. "ruler of all the mysteries"). Namasangiti Text of Candrakīrti (a monk who was staying in Indonesia), and the symbolism of Borobudur's mandala stupa, provided evidence that the Buddhism embraced by Indonesian people since the days of Srivijaya, Ancient Mataram, Sailendra, and Majapahit is the Buddhism which honors the Primordial Buddha.

Some Indonesian sacred texts which contains the name of Sanghyang Adi Buddha are:

 Guna Karanda Vyuha text

 Sanghyang Kamahayanikan text

Herman S. Hendro (1968) in his paper mentioned:

Modern Indonesia

Since Indonesian independence in 1945, the founders of this new state had agreed on a proposed ideology as a national foundation for uniting all ethnicities, religions, and races, i.e. Pancasila as the basic foundation of the state and nationhood. The first precept of Pancasila is "Belief in the Almighty Godliness" ("Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence").<ref group="note">The Indonesian word "Tuhan" usually is translated into "God" or "Lord". "Tuhan" is a noun while "Ketuhanan" is an adjective. Wilis in her paper cited: With the addition of prefix and suffix, it changes the noun into an adjective "Ketuhanan" or "Lordness." Page 3, 4.</ref> The majority of Indonesian people mistranslated the sanskrit "Esa" -Almighty (absolute in virtues)- as "Eka" -One. This misconceptions makes some factions questioning the doctrine of Buddhism whether it acknowledges the Belief in God Almighty or not.

Following an alleged coup attempt by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) in 1965, Indonesian Government rejects and prohibits the development of all views that correspond to communism or atheism.Library of Congress Country Studies. Indonesia, Buddhism . Consequently, there was some doubt within the Indonesian Government at the time whether Buddhism can be accepted as an official religion. Ashin Jinarakkhita proposed the name of Sanghyang Adi Buddha as the god of Buddhist teachings. He sought confirmation for this uniquely Indonesian version of Buddhism in ancient Javanese texts, and even the shape of the Buddhist temple complex at Borobudur in Jawa Tengah Province. It was submitted to the Minister of Religious Affairs, and the government eventually accepted Buddhism as a state religion in 1978, as stated in GBHN (Outlines of Indonesian State Policy) of 1978, Presidential Decree No. 30 of 1978, and the Form Letter of Indonesian Department of the Interior No.477/74054/1978 (November 18, 1978).

Controversy
The use of Sanghyang Adi Buddha as a name for a supreme God is controversial among Indonesian Buddhists to the present day. The reason is that the concept of Sanghyang Adi Buddha, which only exists in Tantrayana/ Vajrayana traditions, is not a god in the sense of a personal god of the monotheistic religions. The use of the name of Sanghyang Adi Buddha as a personal god, is the product of a compromise with political reality, and is contrary to the teachings of Buddhism.  Because of this political compromise, Indonesian Buddhism differs from mainstream Buddhism.  This controversy also extends to Very Venerable Ashin Jinarakkhita as the originator of the term Sanghyang Adi Buddha as a god in Buddhism.

While the State seemed to be easily satisfied with Ashin Jinarakkhita's assurance, questions came from their fellow Buddhists and, later, also his primary disciples who were on the same boat with him in the beginning. Since then, debates, disintegration, and splits could not be avoided within Buddhist organizations. The strongest opposition was coming from the Theravādin members, and it seemed to happen partly because of the influence of the Thai Buddhist's purification movement started in the nineteenth century by King Mongkut as later on many Thai Bhikkhus coming to Indonesia. Though there were also Buddhist monks coming from Sri Lanka and Myanmar, such as Narada Mahathera, Mahasi Sayadaw and other Sangha members, they only came a few times during these early years.

In the same year when the controversy was erupting (1974), the Indonesian Directorate General Guidance of Hindu-Buddhism (Gde Puja, MA.) issued a resolution on all schools/ traditions of Buddhism that they should believe in the presence of an Almighty God (First precept of Pancasila), and while each of this sects may give different names to Him, He is essentially the same entity. This resolution became indirectly a government imposition of the doctrine of Oneness of God on all schools/ traditions of Buddhism. Any schools/ traditions that do not believe in the existence of One God would be dissolved. This happened to the Mahayana school/ tradition of the monk Sun Karma Chandra which was dissolved on July 21, 1978.

Nowadays, the term of Sanghyang Adi Buddha only used mostly by Indonesian Buddhayana Council and Indonesian Supreme Sangha. Some schools treat the concept indifferently, while the others simply refuse and consider the idea as heresy (especially the Indonesian Theravada Sangha), and only a fraction supports it fully or partially.

Usage

Religious usage

Salutation
Sanghyang Adi Buddha is used in greeting especially by Indonesian Buddhayana Council, i.e. Namo Sanghyang Adi Buddhaya. This salutation was popularized by the late Venerable Mahawiku Dharma-aji Uggadhammo, one of the five first disciples of Ashin Jinarakkhita, whose ordained as the first Indonesian Buddhist monks after the independence of Indonesia.

The complete salutation which is commonly used as a greeting in the books' preface, letters, or meeting is:Namo Sanghyang Adi Buddhaya. Namo Buddhaya, Bodhisatvaya Mahasatvaya.The salutation on the PREFACE of Paguyuban Wulan Bahagia and East Java Indonesian Buddhist Council's magazine is Namo SangHyang Adi Buddhaya, Namo Buddhaya.

Vandana
The tribute to Sanghyang Adi Buddha is often included in the vandana (devotion) section of ritual books.
1. VandanaTerpujilah Sanghyang Adi Buddha Tuhan Yang Maha Esa("Homage to Sanghyang Adi Buddha the Almighty God")Terpujilah Bhagavā, Yang Maha Suci, Yang telah mencapai Penerangan Sempurna("Homage to the Blessed One the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One")Terpujilah Para Bodhisattva-Mahasattva("Homage to all Holy Beings and Great Beings")

2.VandanaNamo Sanghyang Ādi Buddhaya (3x)"Homage to the Almighty God, shout the whole world"Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā-sambuddhassa (3x)"Homage to the Blessed One the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One"Namo Sabbe Bodhisattvāya-Mahāsattvāya (3x)"Homage to all Holy Beings and Great Beings"

Politics
Indonesian Government Regulation Number 21/1975 about the vow of the civil bureaucrat, arranges the vow for the Buddhist bureaucrat by mentions "Demi Sanghyang Adi Buddha''" ("by Sanghyang Adi Buddha") in the beginning of the vow.

Gallery

See also
 Acintya
 Creator in Vajrayana Buddhism
 Creator in Buddhism
 Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
 Unfinished Buddha

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Brown, Iem (1987). Contemporary Indonesian Buddhism and Monotheism, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 18 (1), 108-117

Buddhas
Buddhism in Indonesia
God in Buddhism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Chapter 6. Suburban Parks And Recreation
Provisions Affecting All Counties
Subchapter V. Acquisition, Improvement and Maintenance of Park Areas
§ 670 Acquisition of land for parks; title and ownership; gifts.
(a) The county government may take or acquire by condemnation in accordance with law, agreement, purchase or gift, lands located within the county outside of the corporate limits of any city or town and not already devoted to a public purpose or used by a public utility in its service of the public as may seem to the county government suitable for park and recreational purposes and necessary to meet the requirements of this chapter. Title and ownership of such lands, however acquired, shall be vested in the State for the use of the county. The county government, pursuant to agreement executed by an incorporated city or town, may acquire by agreement, purchase or gift, or may lease or agree to undertake to control and maintain for a term of years, lands located within the county owned by the incorporated city or town.
(b) Gifts of land, buildings or money may be accepted for specific maintenance or establishment of park and recreational areas.
9 Del. C. 1953, § 670; 49 Del. Laws, c. 112, § 1; 54 Del. Laws, c. 95, § 2; 57 Del. Laws, c. 762, § 4B.;
§ 671 Contracts for improvements; competitive bids.
(a) The commission shall proceed to arrange for the contracts for the required improvements. The letting of contracts for improvements shall be upon a competitive basis pursuant to public advertisement of the intention of the county government to receive sealed proposals for the work on said improvements. All contracts shall be entered into and acquisitions shall be made by the county government.
(b) It shall be a term of each contract that 10 percent of all payments due shall be withheld until final certification by the commission that the work has been satisfactorily completed, in compliance with the contract.
9 Del. C. 1953, § 671; 49 Del. Laws, c. 112, § 1; 57 Del. Laws, c. 762, § 4B.;
§ 672 Awarding of contracts; procedure.
Upon the opening of the sealed proposals, the county government, after consultation with the commission, shall award said contracts, but no contract shall be awarded to any other than the lowest bidder except with the unanimous approval of the members of the county government and the recommendation of the commission, and provided the county government shall set down in its minutes the reason or reasons for granting the contract to the person other than the lowest bidder. As a condition of the letting of the contracts, the county government shall require the successful bidder to enter into a bond for the faithful performance of such contract. The county government shall have the power to reject all bids.
§ 673 Supervision by commission; duty to maintain; payment procedures; fences between parks and railroads.
(a) After the awarding of the contracts, all work performed under this chapter shall be under the direct supervision and direction of the commission.
(b) The commission shall be responsible for the maintenance of such parks and recreation areas and shall submit approved bills for such maintenance to the county government for payment.
(c) The bills for recreation and recreational promotion including salaries and equipment shall be approved by the commission and submitted to the county government for payment.
(d) The commission may place fences or barriers not less than 4 feet in height between all developed parks and active railroad tracks, the cost of which shall be shared equally between the county and the State.
9 Del. C. 1953, § 673; 49 Del. Laws, c. 112, § 1; 57 Del. Laws, c. 762, § 4B; 58 Del. Laws, c. 224.;


With an achin in my heart. Or rather my arms. I helped move my office today, into a new space with 6x the bandwith and about 6x the space for servers. Mmmmmmmm rack mount. You know, computers are heavy, even the fruity colored ones with handles.


text:
Home › Houston
Daycare Driver Charged After 3-Year-Old Dies In Hot Van
Brandon Caldwell
One year after three-year-old Raymond "R.J." Pryer Jr. passed away, the driver involved in his death has been charged.
62-year-old Maurice Mitchell was arrested by HPD and was charged by the Harris County District Attorney's Office for injury to a child by recklessly causing serious bodily injury or death, which s a second-degree felony.
Pryer died on July 19, 2018 after being left in a hot van for nearly four hours after returning to Discovering Me Academy from a field trip to Doss Park. The child was discovered after his father arrived at the day-care to pick him up. The temperature inside the van was 113 degrees according to deputies.
Per the indictment, Mitchell turned off a passenger safety alarm, set in place to safeguard young passengers from being left behind. He also didn't perform a visual inspection of the bus to ensure that no children were still in the vehicle.
The child's parents filed a lawsuit against the Discovering Me Academy a month after their son's death, accusing them of negligence for not having specific systems in place to account for all children on field trips, especially when there's extreme heat.
A bench in Doss Park was dedicated to Pryer last week to honor his life.
IMAGE CREDIT: KHOU
Daycare Driver Charged After 3-Year-Old Dies In Hot Van was originally published on myhoustonmajic.com


Most of my writing will be for Tech North, although exact details of what and where will be sorted out soon as our new content strategy is nailed down.
Medium (where I'll write occasional pieces about things that don't relate specifically to tech in the North of England).
A daily Nuzzel newsletter that currently comes out at 10am UK time every day. This features a handful of things you should read that day, complete with personal commentary from me. Take a look and subscribe if you like it.
Twitter, which is where my stream-of-consciousness stuff about everything from tech to music to… anything, really, can be found.
Snapchat, where my Story shares what I'm up to, whatever that might be. Here's how to add me there.


text:
Business, Madrid, Politics
The Chinese president will pay a state visit to Spain next week and will meet King Felipe, Pedro Sánchez and Carmena
The President of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping, will make a state visit to Spain next week, the first at the highest level for 13 years, during which he will meet with King Felipe VI and the President of the Government, Pedro Sanchez.
The Chinese president will travel to Spain from November 27 to 29 in a state visit at the highest level with which both countries seek to give a boost to the bilateral relationship in multiple orders, from the bilateral political, the geopolitical, the economic, the educational-linguistic and the scientific, among others.
During his stay in Spain, Xi and his wife will be greeted by Reyes Felipe and Letizia, who will offer a gala dinner in his honor . In addition, the Chinese president will meet with his Spanish counterpart, Pedro Sanchez, and make a visit to the Senate, which will be imposed the Medals of Congress and the Senate by the presidents of both Chambers, Ana Pastor and Pío García- Escudero .
The planned agenda also includes a visit to the City of Madrid, where the mayor of the city, Manuela Carmena, will give you the Gold Key of the Capital City.
In addition to these scheduled activities, economic-business activities will also be organized, as reported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Chinese president will travel accompanied by high-level authorities such as the director of the General Office of the Central Committee, the director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Central Committee, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and State Councilor, the president of the National Commission for Development and Reform and responsible for the Minister of Commerce.
The visit of Xi, who will be the first with this rank from that of his predecessor, Hu Jintao , in 2005, coincides with the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. In May 2017, the then President of the Government, Mariano Rajoy, transmitted to Xi the invitation of Felipe VI to visit Spain.
This year, on the occasion of the anniversary, the two heads of state have sent congratulatory letters. In the letter sent by President Xi, which can be consulted on the website of the Chinese embassy in Spain, he expresses his desire to strengthen cooperation in various areas , promote the Integral Strategic Partnership between both countries and increase high-level exchanges.
Xi was briefly in Spain in November 2016, when she made a stopover of less than 24 hours in Gran Canaria during which she had a meeting with Vice President Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría.
The visit is preceded by a trip made last May by State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Wang Yi . On that occasion, Wang was the first Chinese Foreign Minister to travel to Spain in 10 years and was received by the King, by the then Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy, and by Minister Alfonso Dastis.
Previous PostEuropeans do not believe that Catalonia will become independentNext PostRed Cross supports more than 3,650 homeless people in Andalusia


Maurizio Sarri gave Loftus-Cheek his chance on Thursday and he duly delivered, but Mail on Sunday columnist Hoddle urged the midfielder to leave the club if he is not afforded more opportunities to impress.
With Chelsea competing on multiple fronts this season, though, Hayes has no doubts Loftus-Cheek will have a role to play at Stamford Bridge going forward.
The England global marked just his fourth appearance of the season with his first goals since April when on loan at Crystal Palace, and his first in a Blues shirt since April 2016.
"Internally for him, he is a player that everybody wants to see do well", she said. "In the offensive phase he was wonderful", the Italian told a news conference.
"I think my debut was still more special, just because you dream of that as a kid".
Loftus-Cheek's second was all about his positional play, the 22-year-old arriving ahead of Olivier Giroud to apply a side-footed volley to Willian's corner and again finding the net low to Scherbitski's right.
But as incredulity deepened over Saudi Arabia's account, comments from President Donald Trump have varied. "And the cover-up was one of the worst in the history of cover-ups". "It's very simple.
Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh are getting married this November!
The latest buzz is that Ranveer and Deepika will host a grand reception in Mumbai on December 1, for the film fraternity. Since the last few months, both Ranveer and Deepika have become quite open about their relationship on social media.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel told reporters in Berlin on Sunday that she supports a freeze on arms exports to Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi , a USA resident who fled Saudi Arabia a year ago , was an outspoken critic of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
"We have four midfielders and three of them have the same characteristics", Sarri told BT Sport. "It's important to train as hard as I can to keep the fitness up and keep sharp for the times when I do come on or get an opportunity".
He said: "If I'm him, I'm hoping he takes me off before the 90 minutes is up". He's a talent - with my England hat on I need to see him playing'. I need an improvement in the defensive phase'.
Ross Barkley has only made three league starts for Chelsea this season, with Sarri's men unbeaten in 13 games since their Community Shield loss to Manchester City.
"I have a little problem as I have to put 11 players in the starting XI and I have 28 players".
"Scoring hat-tricks, albeit on a Europa League night, is a real statement and one that says, 'I can do what you are asking me to do'".
"We have a tactical problem with the midfielders".
Abrams' criticism of the free market echoes her previous claim about not needing "Conservative values to win in Georgia'". A RealClearPolitics average of polls shows Abrams trailing her Republican opponent by two percentage points.
Police said witnesses saw the Russian soccer fans singing and jumping on the escalator before it broke down. Emergency services are at the scene and the station has been closed, Italian news agency Ansa reported.
Now they've cancelled arguably their best Marvel series?! Netflix's " Luke Cage " has faded to black for the worst reason ever. Iron Fist also saw a dramatic drop in social media buzz.
The agreement, signed by the United States and USSR, banned ground-launched nuclear missiles with ranges of 500km to 5,500km. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov called Trump's withdrawal plan a matter of deep concern for Moscow .
A Clemson University party went horribly wrong when a floor collapsed, and injured at least 30 college students. This party resulted in a collapse of the floor structure in front of the fireplace at the clubhouse.
Now, Prince Harry and Markle are right in the middle of a 16-day trip around the Australian continent . One of them held a sign that said "Rangas Rule", Australian slang for someone with ginger hair.


text:
Participant in Jesuit killings being deported from US
A junior Salvdoran army officer who was convicted of participating in the murder of the six Jesuits and their housekeeper at the University of Central America in 1989 is being deported from the US, but has amnesty in El Salvador:
Oct. 27 (CWNews.com) - A former Salvadoran military officer who was convicted in connection with the 1989 murder of 6 Jesuit priests has been arrested in California and now faces deportation, the San Jose Mercury News reports.
Gonzalo Guevara Cerritos was arrested at a motel in Los Angeles, and charged with entering the US illegally. He faces a deportation hearing next month.
Cerritos is one of 8 members of a military counter-insurgency unity who were charged with killing the Jesuit priests and members of their staff at a residence in San Salvador. The murders came at the height of the country's civil war, when many Catholic priests were viewed with suspicion because of links between Marxist guerillas and proponents of liberation theology.
Cerritos had been convicted, served a prison term in El Salvador, and received amnesty from the government in 1993.
Although several lower level officers like Cerritos were convicted of the murders, no senior military officials who ordered the assassinations have ever been brought to justice.
This guy will probably receive a heroe's welcoming when he gets back. He will either get promoted to colonel, or maybe... he'll join the gangs as many of the simple soldiers did?
Carlos X. said…
The hour of reconciliation is here. Puño Cerrado is right that deporting Guevara will not lead to any positive results. He is immune from justice, except vigilante justice, which is just about the worst thing his victims would want to see result. Instead of seeking asylum, Guevara should seek reconciliation with the family, with the Church, with the Salvadoran community. What he wants from us is forgiveness. What we need from him is the Truth. There is room for working something out, no?


As I lay in bed waiting for someone to 'like' my random post about how much a cat looks like its owner, I glance over to see my partner fast asleep and my alarm clock reading 11:06pm. Where had the last few hours gone and more importantly why was I still on this phone?
As I calmed down and hopped down off my moral high horse, I started to think about what science could tell me about what's going on? Why is it there are some who feel an insatiable need to post everything they thought, ate or did that day? Why are some so fixated on their post going viral?
In 2012 a team of researchers headed by Wilhelm Hofmann of Chicago University's Booth Business School, studied the willpower of 205 people aged between 18 and 85. The research highlighted that the desire to tweet or post to your social media account could be stronger than other addictive behaviours like smoking and drinking. The reasons behind these results can in part be explained through our biology.
Dopamine is considered to be the neurotransmitter that is responsible for the reward and pleasure centres of the brain. It helps us to not only see the rewards of our actions, but motivates us towards them. Every time we have one of our posts or tweets shared or liked, we feel a sense of recognition from our 'clan'. This recognition or 'liking' was fundamentally important when we were warding off a pack of sabre tooth tigers. If you liked me, then I was accepted as a part of the clan. If I was part of the clan, then the risk of me becoming a meal for the sabre tooth tiger was reduced, making it vitally important to be liked. Today, every time my posts or tweets are liked, dopamine would be released rewarding me for my actions. This then drives me to seek out more recognition and to access more dopamine. However dopamine is not alone, its best friend Oxytocin is there waiting to help.
Oxytocin is often referred to as the 'love drug' and is what has been well documented as the chemical that bonds mothers and children together during childbirth. Paul Zak, a professor at Claremont Graduate University conducted research into the effects that posting to social medial had on the oxytocin levels of the body. He found that after just 10 minutes of posting on social media, an individual's oxytocin levels rose by 13%, which is equivalent to some people's wedding day. This powerful chemical is helping you to bond with your clan and in turn making you feel good about it.
There are many other ways to access these neurotransmitters that will not only have a direct impact on your quality of life, but also on those around you. Every time we reach a goal, cross something off our to-do list or finish that report you have been putting off for a week, we are rewarded with a dopamine hit. When we say something nice about someone, use their name when talking to them and say please and thank you, Oxytocin is released in both the giver and receiver (try this next time you are at the supermarket and see how much the young cashier lights up). Finally a Random Act of Kindness for friends, family or even strangers has a massive impact of how you and others feel, which also has a long lasting positive impact on people's lives.


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Dimensions: Cross-members (mm) – L x W x D = 1495 x 60 x 30.


'Calgary Soca' is always looking for the next big thing so imagine our surprise as we start going through our weekly selection of new tunes and we unexpectedly come across a groovy/dancehall jam from the runner up of the Calgary Carifest 2010 showcase! Big shout to Alberta's own Karella "DJ Diamond" Cummings for her work in 2k11 so far. Check out her YouTube channel for even more of what she's up to. We eh go lie, this one caught us off guard as we weren't sure how to fairly judge a song from someone you know? Well, the answer is to put it to the "Official Wining Test!" and take a proper rating.
1) Play the music LOUD for a woman.
2) Stand up behind her.
3) Check the velocity of your woman's wine when she hears the song and rate it out of 5!
OK, So my woman gave me a little "Bumsie" roll which counts as just before 3rd gear on the 5-gear-scale.
The REAL RATING of course is the one YOU give it. Let us know how you feel about DJ Diamond's track below!