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Texas House Speaker signs civil arrest warrants to return absent Democrats to chamber
admin Aug 11, 2021 07:11 226 0
AUSTIN, Texas – House Speaker Dade Phelan late Tuesday signed 52 arrest warrants for Democrats who left the state for Washington, D.C., in July and have yet to return to the House chamber for the second special legislative session of the year.
The warrants came after Texas House Republicans voted to direct state law enforcement to track down and compel the attendance of absent Democrats by a vote of 80-12, the second time such a vote has been taken amid the Democratic lawmakers efforts' to prevent passage of a bill overhauling state election laws.
The warrants, first reported by the Dallas Morning News, were expected to be delivered to the House sergeant-at-arms Wednesday morning, according to Phelan spokesperson Enrique Marquez.
The Texas Constitution requires at least two-thirds of the House and Senate to be present before business can be conducted.
Democrats were able to avoid the reach of state lawmakers during the first special session of the year by crossing state lines. But since the start of the second special session, some Democrats have begun returning to Texas, even as they avoid entering the House chamber.
Four of the 57 quorum-busting Democrats returned to the House chamber on Monday. While some members have returned home or traveled to other locations outside Texas, almost half said they planned to stay in Washington and push for federal voting rights legislation.
State Rep. Eddie Rodriguez, D-Austin, said he was still in Washington and did not plan on returning to the House "anytime real soon."
"We're united in staying away from the House as long as possible," Rodriguez said, adding that he and many of his colleagues do not believe Phelan has the authority to issue arrest warrants for absent members. "The court will have to make some kind of decision on whether that's something that can be done or not."
A group of the Democrats have filed two lawsuits in response to Republican efforts to bring them back to the House floor to establish a quorum, including one in federal court that argues that the efforts infringe on their constitutional rights.
They also filed suit in a Travis County state district court, where a judge issued an order prohibiting the arrest of absent members. But the Texas Supreme Court on Tuesday temporarily blocked the order in response to an emergency petition from Phelan and Gov. Greg Abbott.
State Rep. Lyle Larson was the lone Republican to vote against authorizing the arrest warrants. "Civil discourse took a nasty turn today," he said on Twitter.
Phelan signed just one arrest warrant during the first special session, for Rep. Philip Cortez of San Antonio. Cortez was one of the 57 Democrats to break quorum and head to Washington, but he returned to Austin and said he hoped to negotiate over the language of the GOP elections bill.
One day later, he returned to Washington and Phelan signed the warrant for his arrest.
House Speaker Dade Phelan
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The College of Arts and Sciences held its annual homecoming celebration on Saturday, Oct. 10, 2015. Various A&S departments and organizations hosted events and demonstrations for children of all ages.
In fall 2014, elementary and middle school students from the Tuscaloosa City Schools visited the Paul R. Jones Gallery to view an exhibition of art from the Jones collection organized around the theme of identity. Prepared especially for them, this exhibition inspired student-created artwork that was exhibited in the gallery in December. Please visit the Paul R. Jones Collection of American Art website for more information.
The College of Arts and Sciences held its annual homecoming celebration on Saturday, Nov. 22, 2014. Learn more at http://as.ua.edu/homecoming/.
Not many chemistry departments have their own glassblower. Rick Smith has been at the University of Alabama since 1990.
Smith begins with a rough sketch of the specialized piece of equipment, called a vacuum trap, that he will build for the chemistry department.
Smith cuts the glass with a saw modified specifically for handling glassware.
Smith heats the glass to soften it for manipulation.
Smith affixes a delicate rod to the vacuum trap.
By blowing into a rubber tube, Smith has more control over the intensity of the flame.
Here is the vacuum trap that Smith is creating for the chemistry department. The piece in the previous photos will be added when it cools.
Smith creates more than custom-ordered equipment for the chemistry department. Roll Tide!
Rick Smith is the Glassblowing Facilities Manager in the College of Arts and Sciences. Watch him create a vacuum trap, a custom order for the chemistry department. To learn more about Rick Smith, read this story on the UA website from 2008.


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closeReview A professional critic's assessment of a service, product, performance, or artistic or literary work
'Canyon Dreams' is more than a book about basketball
By Mark Athitakis
November 22, 2019 at 10:00 AM EST
In August, Netflix released "Basketball or Nothing," a gem of a series about a high school team in Chinle, a dusty pocket of Navajo Nation in northeast Arizona. The show ticks plenty of binge-watching boxes: an eye-catching setting, nail-biting moments on the court and compulsively watchable characters — particularly Raul Mendoza, the team's grumpy-yet-avuncular coach.
The show does have a flaw, though, and it's embedded in the title: The series suggests that the kids vying for a state title will have their lives entirely foreclosed upon them if they can't find a way to escape the reservation and get a college degree. "There's really nothing going on in Chinle," are the first words uttered in the series. Water is scarce, we are constantly reminded; unemployment and addiction are abundant.
It's not an incorrect assessment, but it is a narrow one. So it's worth watching the series in tandem with Michael Powell's engrossing, more expansive book, "Canyon Dreams," which covers the same team during the same 2017-18 season and clarifies its story. For the players at Chinle High School, the rez and the rest of the world aren't binaries in opposition. They're connected worlds that they're compelled to navigate as skillfully as they do the hardwood courts.
Basketball, Powell writes, is a "harmonizing force in this immense land," an essential part of day-to-day culture in Chinle. That means long lines at the ticket window on game days (some people hitchhike to out-of-town matches) and lots of people tuning their radios for game broadcasts throughout Navajo Nation, which stretches across northern Arizona and New Mexico. But it also means Mendoza is treated as a standard-bearer for an entire community. Family members give him an earful about respect every time he benches their kid. "In past seasons with different teams, witches had cast spells at him, and warlocks had conspired, and angry relatives had loosened the lug nuts on his tires," Powell writes.
[What we can learn about kids and sports success from a small town in Vermont]
Powell, a former Washington Post reporter and now a New York Times sports columnist, lived on Navajo Nation briefly a quarter century ago. He writes with a clear affection for the place, and as much respect and understanding of Navajo culture as an outsider can muster.
His position may explain why the central figure in his narrative is Mendoza, who is an outsider himself. Part Mexican and part Tohono O'odham (a southern Arizona tribe), Mendoza was hired by Chinle less for his precise cultural fit than because he has a state-title ring and a history as a counselor who keeps kids on track. Unemployment on Navajo Nation is 45 percent, fewer than half of Chinle High School graduates go to college, and nearly every player on the team has a story about a broken home to share. "Do you know what I'm proudest of in this life?" Mendoza tells Powell. "Not a single one of those teenagers I counseled committed suicide. They lived, every single one of them."
But Powell also widens his range to encompass the history and culture of the region. In Albuquerque, he catches up with a former Chinle player who's trying to make a life for himself after an injury, uncertain about life off the rez. Watching an English class at the high school, he notes how the Anglo teacher has to be attuned to cultural differences. (Likening a character to a snake? "A snake was a powerful creature in touch with the spirit world and to talk of one was to risk that your hands and heart could swell dangerously.") Resident activists have made years-long, contentious efforts to foil exploitative developers, as "the desire for jobs in a land with crushing unemployment collided with the urgency of preserving a sacred heritage."
What mainly defines the culture in Chinle, in Powell's eyes, is a resilience that he's careful not to sentimentalize. For the most part, the kids here are just kids: They chase girls, party, half-listen to Mendoza's pleas to buckle down on defense. They are concerned about their futures but also blithely adaptive. One student with Ivy League ambitions, lacking a laptop and reliable electricity, writes English papers on his phone.
The games, for Powell and Chinle alike, are at once an escape hatch and a glue for the community. And the mood lifts whenever Powell covers a game day. Chinle High's boys tend to be shorter than their competitors, especially when they leave Navajo Nation and play against mostly white teams around Phoenix. But life at a high-desert elevation has given them the endurance to compete, and once Mendoza's hectoring sinks in, the book becomes a gripping, propulsive story about a playoff run.
The basketball and cultural stories aren't parallel but braided, the problems woven around possibility. As a teacher tells Powell, "You never have to worry here about waking up in the morning and asking yourself, 'What am I doing here? What is my purpose?' "
Mark Athitakis is a critic in Phoenix and author of "The New Midwest."
CANYON DREAMS
A Basketball Season on the Navajo Nation
By Michael Powell
Blue Rider. 272 pp. $28

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Benedict XVI: Francis, Charles and Biden lead tributes
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This page lists applications for membership in the XMPP Standards Foundation received for Q1 2019.
Applications are welcome from people who are active in the Jabber/XMPP community!
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All applicants are invited to join this meeting.


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Q: Bower vs NPM: Which is better for installing AngularJS? I started a project without using bower (initially).  I'm using AngularJS, Browserify, Gulp, Node.js, etc. and did not install any other front-end dependencies yet.  Now that I want to make use of Bootstrap and FontAwesome, I was going to install and use Bower.  However, since AngularJS can be installed with both bower and npm...
Which is the better use case for installing AngularJS (Bower or NPM)? Why would one prevail over the other?  Does it just come down to personal preference?

A: It sounds like you already have your environment for this project setup to utilize npm, I'd not let a few more dependencies cause you to have to question that setup.  Especially things like Bootstrap & Font Awesome that can be embedded into your index.html via the CDN links.
Typically questions like these don't yield the expected answer.  There is no right answer across the board.  This is akin to asking:

"Which do you prefer: A claw hammer or a ball-peen hammer?  I have this thing I am building."

There are only right answers within the context of your current setup, which you've already chosen by starting it with gulp & browserify.
But to play along...
Bower is good if you like:

*

*asynchronous (albeit, somewhat more exposed) dependencies

*less learning curve/setup, more "get it done"

*not having a bazillion options

*enjoy the AMD dependency model define(['dep'], function (dep) {return function () {};});
npm is good if you like:

*

*compiling your coffeescript/typescript/ into heftier javascript files (I haven't done this with Bower so I don't know if it offers some of the transpiling options, I assume it does)

*want to leverage node's existing extensive library of packages (via browserify/webpack)

*want more customization over how you build your app

*enjoy the Common JS dependency model module.exports = ...
I'm sure others can comment on the pros/cons of each.

A: The main difference is how they handle dependencies (nested for npm2 vs flat for bower)
It depends on your project, but in general I find it more "visible" if you start putting several versions of the same js library because dependencies... but the price is that you might end up banging your head a fair bit to find how to keep everyone happy with the same version.
As kelvin and helpermethod pointed out, npm3 does flatten the dependencies. At the end of the day, it's a matter of preferences, take whatever you prefer living with, both work ok

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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No football until April 30 at the earliest as footballing bodies act
The resumption of domestic football has been pushed back to April 30 - at the earliest.
Following the coronavirus pandemic, the Premier League and English Football League last week suspended all leagues until April 3rd, but following a meeting of board members on Thursday morning, that date has been revised due to the on-going uncertainty of the virus.
"The FA, Premier League, EFL and women's professional game, together with the PFA and LMA, understand we are in unprecedented times and our thoughts are with everyone affected by COVID-19.
"We are united in our commitment to finding ways of resuming the 2019/20 football season and ensuring all domestic and European club league and cup matches are played as soon as it is safe and possible to do so.
"We have collectively supported UEFA in postponing EURO 2020 to create space in the calendar to ensure domestic and European club league and cup matches have an increased opportunity to be played and, in doing so, maintain the integrity of each competition.
"The FA's Rules and Regulations state that "the season shall terminate not later than the 1 June" and "each competition shall, within the limit laid down by The FA, determine the length of its own playing season".
"However, The FA's Board has agreed for this limit to be extended indefinitely for the 2019/20 season in relation to Professional Football.
"Additionally, we have collectively agreed that the professional game in England will be further postponed until no earlier than 30 April.
"The progress of COVID-19 remains unclear and we can reassure everyone the health and welfare of players, staff and supporters are our priority.
"We will continue to follow Government advice and work collaboratively to keep the situation under review and explore all options available to find ways of resuming the season when the conditions allow.
"We would all like to re-emphasise that our thoughts are with everyone affected by COVID-19."
The FA, Premier League, EFL and women's professional game, together with the PFA and LMA are committed to finding ways of resuming the 2019/20 football season as soon as it is safe and possible to do so
Full statement: https://t.co/kr0sJk8JHp pic.twitter.com/K1OBzBbKfc
— Premier League (@premierleague) March 19, 2020


text:
Hermann e Dorotéia é um poema épico escrito pelo escritor alemão Johann Wolfgang von Goethe entre 1796 e 1797. Ele é definido em torno de 1792, no início das Guerras Revolucionárias Francesas, quando forças francesas sob comando do General Adam Philippe de Custine invadiram e ocuparam brevemente partes do Eleitorado do Palatinato.

Ligações externas
Texto completo de Hermann e Dorotéia do Projeto Gutenberg:
 no original alemão.
 em uma traduçaõ para o inglês por Ellen Frothingham.

Poemas da Alemanha
Poesia épica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


DA Eric Gonzalez sees the success of his policy as an indication that enforcement changes can be made without jeopardizing public safety.
Prosecution of low-level marijuana offenses in Brooklyn plummeted by over 90 percent in the first half of 2018, announced Brooklyn District Attorney Eric Gonzalez on Friday. The drastic decline was caused by the expansion of a pilot policy on low-level marijuana offenses to include cases of smoking in public, stated Gonzalez.
The DA's office also reported a 60 percent decline in marijuana arrests. Gonzalez plans to continue to decline to prosecute minor marijuana offenses unless an individual is posing a threat to public safety.
The pilot policy already took shape under the late DA Ken Thompson and his then-Chief Assistant District Attorney Gonzalez; the city followed suit earlier this May when Mayor Bill de Blasio directed the NYPD to give summonses to people they catch smoking in public instead of arresting them. Gonzalez sees the success of his policy as an indication these enforcement changes can be made without jeopardizing public safety.
The DA predicts that the number of prosecuted cases will be reduced further once the NYPD implements its new protocols which are set to take effect this fall.


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Webber receives 2019 3M non-tenured faculty award
Matthew Webber, assistant professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of Notre Dame, has been named a recipient of the 2019 3M Non-tenured Faculty Award. Presented annually by 3M's Research and Development Community in partnership with 3Mgives, the award recognizes outstanding young faculty who excel in research, experience and academic leadership.
The award also provides financial support of $15,000 per year for up to three years and includes an invitation to 3M's Science & Engineering Faculty Day in June, where recipients will have the opportunity to interact with their peers from other universities and 3M researchers.
A faculty member since 2016, Webber's research focuses on supramolecular biomaterials, "smart" drug delivery and diagnostics, bio-inspired materials and supramolecular chemistry in order to develop new healthcare strategies and devices for improved therapeutics, including the tailoring of materials with predictable and tunable properties.
In addition to his responsibilities in chemical and biomolecular engineering, Webber holds concurrent appointments in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics at Notre Dame, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development and the University's Center for Nano Science and Technology.
Webber was honored with the American Diabetes Association's Accelerator Award earlier this year. In 2017, he was named "One of 35 Under 35" by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and was also selected as one of the Emerging Investigators by Biomaterials Science. He received the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award in 2013, the Dudley Childress Award in 2012 from Northwestern University and the Acta Biomaterialia Student Award in 2011.
Graduating from Notre Dame with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 2006, Webber received his master's in biomedical engineering in 2009 and doctorate (also in biomedical engineering) in 2011, both from Northwestern University. Prior to returning to Notre Dame, he served as an NIH Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he conducted research in drug formulation and delivery.
Originally published by Nina Welding at conductorshare.nd.edu on April 22, 2019.


text:
When Tea and Sympathy is not Enough… A Living Wage for Sri Lanka's Plantation Workers
Research Team Dec 16, 2019
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By Manoj Thibbotuwawa, Priyanka Jayawardena, and Nisha Arunatilake
Tea is one of Sri Lanka's major export commodities; it sustains the livelihoods of the majority of the estate population in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, it contributes 10% to the agricultural gross domestic product and 12% to the value of total exports of the country. Despite the sector's prominence, however, the benefits have not trickled down to the estate sector population. This is mainly due to the welfare of the plantation sector being neglected since colonial times. It is apparent in the high poverty rates (8.8% compared to 4.3% rural and 1.9% urban) and the prevalence of malnutrition (30% underweight and 32% stunting) among the estate population.
The long-standing discourse that tea pickers in Sri Lanka are underpaid and remain in poverty for generations came to light during the recent presidential elections as well. Since Sri Lanka's plantation workers were already granted a pay hike in January 2019, under the two-year Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) between Regional Plantation Companies (RPCs) and trade unions, it is uncertain if wages can be further increased. In such an uncertain policy environment, this blog examines the possibility and the means of increasing the workers' pay.
Current Wages of Tea Pluckers
Under the CBA of 2016-18, workers received a daily wage of Rs. 730, which consisted of a basic wage (Rs.500/day), a price share supplement (Rs. 30/day), an attendance allowance (Rs. 60/day), and a productivity incentive (Rs. 140/day). Also, the tea pluckers who achieve a daily target of 18 kg of plucking were entitled to an over kilo payment of Rs. 25/kg for each additional kilogram of plucked raw leaf. The common in-kind benefits workers receive include access to a medical clinic, maintenance of estate housing, provision of water to the estate houses, creche, and tea rations – although not all tea estates provide these.
Thanks to the workers' continuous struggle for Rs. 1,000 basic daily wage, the latest revision raised the workers' base daily wage up to Rs. 700. The Price Share Supplement (PSS) payment too increased up to Rs. 50. However, worker unions allege that the RPCs deprive the tea workers of the attendance allowance and the productivity incentives, limiting the gross pay hike to a mere Rs. 20.
On the other hand, the Planters' Association argues that workers can earn even more than the demanded Rs. 1,000 with the increased over kilo payment (Rs. 40/Kg), aimed at improving labour productivity. It further emphasises that Sri Lanka's major competitors such as Kenya, South India, and Assam reach much higher labour productivity levels, ranging from 36 kg/day to 60 kg/day, with a daily minimum target of 24kg-40 kg. Under the current wage structure, implied monthly wage of tea pluckers (including common in-kind benefits) amounts to Rs. 20,731, without any additional plucking over the daily target.
A Living Wage for Tea Pluckers
The Global Living Wage Coalition (GLWC) states that workers should receive a remuneration that can provide a decent standard of living for the worker and their family. In Sri Lanka, the essential elements of a living wage that include food, water, housing, education, healthcare, and transportation are below the required levels, and whether the plantation workers receive a living wage is highly questionable.
A study by IPS and GLWC examined the living wage for tea pluckers in Sri Lanka, to act as a catalyst for action throughout the value chain to raise wages towards a living wage. Here, the estimated gross living wage was Rs. 23,785 per month in January 2019. Estimated living and prevailing wages are considerably higher than most of the currently available benchmarks (national minimum wage and agriculture daily wage earners income) and poverty lines (National Official Poverty Line, World Bank $3.1, and $1.9 poverty lines). Also, the prevailing wage is slightly below the average income received by daily wage earners at the national level.
While the trade unions have demanded a slightly higher wage than the estimated living wage, this analysis finds that the prevailing wage has to be raised by at least Rs. 3,055 (15%) to reach the living wage level.
Filling the Wage Gap
Low labour productivity, coupled with the high cost of production, which exerts enormous pressure on dwindling auction prices, has a grave impact on bridging the wage gap, as well as the overall viability of the tea sector.
While the study finds, the workers who pluck around 3.5kg per day over the daily target earn more than the living wage, the amount of over kilo bonus payment the workers receive can vary significantly due to temporal, seasonal, and factory-related variations in the daily kilo threshold target, as well as individual plucking differences. For example, certain estates have reported on average nine over kilos per day, which would earn the workers 21% more than the living wage, whereas IPS/GLWC study estimated only 2.25 over kilos per day.
Therefore, plucking 3.5 over kilos every day, which is almost 20% more than the daily threshold, to earn a living wage for over 100,000 tea pluckers will be quite challenging. Even according to the RPC sources, a majority of the workforce works only for 20-25 hours per week, with an effective plucking time of only 40% of the working time, due to physical and psychological conditions; thus, they reach a low plucking average of only 16-18kg.
Even though there have been significant improvements over the years, the estate sector has continued to lag behind the rest of the country in different measures of development. Low wages are partly responsible for this situation. The above analysis shows that, on average, the estate sector wages at present are below the living wage standard, even if the workers earn a relatively higher wage than certain wage and poverty benchmarks
Even though further increases in wages may not be possible with the current wage model, which offers a mandatory 300 days of work per year at a lower level of labour productivity, it allows efficient producers who are able to pluck sufficient extra kilos to earn either a living wage or the trade union demanded wage. However, in the long run, the tea sector needs a sustainable productivity-based, revenue-sharing model where the workers can maximise their earnings with a sense of ownership for the land. This strategy has proven successful in the tea smallholder sector, as well as in certain high producing competitive countries.
Authors, Manoj Thibbotuwawa is a Research Fellow, Priyanka Jayawardena is a Research Economist, and Nisha Arunatilake is Director of Research at the IPS.
Tags: Estate Sector Estate Workers Living Wage Plantation Workers Poverty Sri Lanka Tea Tea Estate Wages
How Can we Create More and Better Jobs in Sri Lanka? – What the Public had to Say
What Women Do and What Women Can Do: Entrepreneurship and Gender Equality in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka's Election Pledges: Do We Really Need that Many New Jobs?
Achieving Food Security: A Plausible Reality or a Pipedream for Sri Lanka?
Articles written by two or more researchers at the IPS are featured under this section. IPS researchers are assigned to specific research units, but often work across units in cross-cutting thematic areas.


Anyone who has ever unknowingly bitten into a red hot chili pepper remembers the unhappy result – burning, painful sensations that make one's mouth feel as though it has caught on fire. That painful burning associated with the consumption of a chili pepper comes from compounds known as capsaicinoids, the most well-known of which is capsaicin. (Fun Fact: Capsaicinoids are derived from the compound vanillin, which gives vanilla its delicious taste and smell.) Surprisingly, their "hotness" or "spiciness" is not a taste but rather a sensation. There are no taste buds associated with capsaicinoids. Capsaicin, the active ingredient in chili peppers, is most often experienced as an irritant. Yet the very chemical that causes that pain, capsaicin, has also become a popular pain-reliever found in over-the-counter and prescription medications.
This irony about the calming effects of hot chili peppers is old news for capsaicin pros like Tibor Rohacs, an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. His work has focused on an ion channel known as TRPV1, the capsaicin receptor, and Piezo2, a newly identified ion channel that mediates touch sensation.
Researchers found capsaicin completely silenced the Piezo2 channels that are activated by mechanical stimuli. This may be an important part of how capsaicin inhibits mechanical pain which is the general term that refers to any type of back pain caused by placing abnormal stress and strain on muscles of the vertebral column. Typically, mechanical pain results from bad habits, such as poor posture, poorly-designed seating, and incorrect bending and lifting motions.
"TRPV1 is a great sensor, at least physiologically, and it has a chemical activator, capsaicin, which we all know is in chili peppers," Rohacs explained. "They feel hot because they activate a heat-sensitive ion channel and they trick you into the sensation of heat. And it's also pretty painful. The idea is basically that this pain-causing, heat sensor ion channel does something to the nerve that in the long run, sort of silences them or desensitizes them." But the effect isn't just local, the brain also responds by releasing another type of neurotransmitter known as endorphins. Endorphins are the body's natural way of relieving pain by blocking the nerve's ability to transmit pain signals. Additionally, the neurotransmitter dopamine, responsible for a sense of reward and pleasure, is also released. In essence, for some people eating large amounts of spicy food triggers a sense of euphoria similar to a "runner's high".
Even more promising is the discovery of a capsaicin analog. A cactus-like plant in Morocco is so hot on the Scoville heat index, its active ingredient clocks in at 16 billion units. That's 10,000 times hotter than the Carolina Reaper, the world's hottest pepper and 45,000 times hotter than the hottest of Habaneros, and 4.5 million times hotter than a piddling little Jalapeno. Euphorbia resinifera, aka the resin spurge, is not to be eaten. But while that toxicity will lay up any mammal dumb enough to chew on the resin spurge, resiniferatoxin has also emerged as a promising painkiller. Inject RTX, as it's known, into an aching joint, and it'll actually destroy the nerve endings that signal pain. Which means medicine could soon get a new tool to help free us from opioids' grasp.
The human body is loaded with different kinds of sensory neurons. Some respond to light touch, others signal joint position, yet others respond only to stimuli like tissue injury and burns. RTX doesn't arbitrarily destroy the endings of all these neurons, instead, it binds to a major molecule in specifically pain-sensing nerve endings, called TRPV1 (pronounced TRIP-vee one).
RTX is between 500 and 1,000 times more potent then capsaicin. RTX specifically binds to TRPV1 which resides on a specific class of fibers that only transmits pain. This leaves all the other sensory neurons unaffected. When RTX binds to TRPV1, it props open the nerve cell's ion channel, letting a whole lot of calcium in. That's toxic, leading to the inactivation of the pain-sensing nerve endings. This leaves all the other sensory neurons unaffected. Think about it- only the pain is selectively stopped. Not light touch or the ability to walk, only the pain! RTX's promise lies in this specificity. Opioids target receptors all over the body, not a specific kind of sensory neuron. That's why there are so many other, unintentional side effects like constipation, sedation respiratory depression, and fuzziness. That, and you have to take opioids constantly, but not so with RTX. Once given, it should last for an extended period of time because it is destroying the fibers without the associated high or addiction potential.
RTX has been tested in pet dogs that suffer from debilitating pain, and the studies have shown promising results. Unlike rodents, dogs experience pain much the way people do. "And they have personalities," says Andrew Mannes, chief of the department of perioperative medicine at the National Institutes of Health. "We can get insight into their psyches that we can't with rats." The NIH is now running a trial of RTX in people with advanced cancer. Although Mannes and his colleagues cannot predict how soon they will have data, pain experts are watching the trial with interest. David Maine, director of the Center for Interventional Pain Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, says there are other ways to kill pain fibers, such as using alcohol to destroy nerves, but they sometimes cause the pain to come roaring back, far worse than before. With RTX you can target where it acts and avoid potential consequences. That would be an incredible advancement in pain management.
Whether you eat them, apply them or some day inject them, capsaicin may be offer incredible pain relief options.
I really enjoyed this article! Very informative!


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Merkel: I learnt about VW 'dieselgate' scandal through media
AFP - [email protected] • 9 Mar, 2017 Updated Thu 9 Mar 2017 08:47 CEST
German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Wednesday denied having any prior knowledge that auto giant Volkswagen was running an emissions cheating scam, saying she first learnt of the scandal through the media.
Merkel told investigating lawmakers that she found out "from the media on September 19, 2015" about charges laid by Washington over the cheating against Europe's biggest carmaker the previous day.
A special commission of MPs is carrying out a probe into whether Merkel and her government colluded with VW to shield the group from regulators despite knowing that it was carrying out a scam.
Volkswagen - which owns 12 brands including Porsche, Audi and Skoda - stunned the world when it admitted to fitting 11 million diesel vehicles worldwide with software that temporarily reduces harmful emissions during regulatory tests.
The scandal, the biggest to hit post-war Germany's business world and one of its vital industries, has not only sunk the company into billions of losses but also tarnished its reputation.
Merkel said she was subsequently briefed by Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt on the details of the scandal and that she backed his ministry in carrying out an internal probe into the matter.
"I encouraged him to do everything to bring to light things that were not already known," she said.
Deep ties with car industry
Tasked with investigating Berlin's response to emissions excesses going back to 2007, the parliamentary commission has already heard witnesses from across the government and Volkswagen, including the car group's former chief executive Martin Winterkorn.
Merkel has been chancellor for the entire period covered by the inquiry, which has also heard serving and former ministers including Sigmar Gabriel, who previously served as economy minister, and chancellery chief of staff Peter Altmaier.
German politicians have long nurtured the nation's auto makers, one of the country's strongest industrial sectors, and an employer of some 800,000 people.
Merkel has been taken to task by environmental groups for lobbying in favour of the car industry for lower pollution thresholds at the EU.
At home, Volkswagen's deep links with the Social Democrat led Lower Saxony state government, a major shareholder with seats on the firm's board and ties to its powerful works council, have often been criticized.
The VW scandal has therefore raised questions on whether such feather bedding extended to turning a blind eye to much higher emissions of harmful nitrogen oxides than allowed.
No improper conduct uncovered
The hearings have yet to uncover clear evidence that Merkel or her government acted improperly.
Her appearance before the emissions committee is Merkel's second as a witness this year, coming less than a month after she deflected MPs' questions about mass spying by Germany's BND foreign intelligence service on behalf of the US National Security Agency.
One of the top questions that the inquiry is seeking to address is why the diesel cheating was uncovered by officials in the United States, rather than by Germany's own KBA motor vehicle authority.
California's powerful Air Resources Board (CARB) was one of the first regulators to bring the VW scandal to light, along with the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Dobrindt - whose brief includes oversight of the KBA - told the inquiry in his own testimony that the regulator "acted faster than others" in responding to the scandal.
MPs were also curious to hear from Merkel about a conversation she had with then-California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2010, after CARB chief Mary Nichols told the inquiry the German leader had criticised the US state's strict regulations on diesel vehicles.
Nichols told the inquiry Monday she was "surprised" that a head of government was informed in such detail about the topic, according to a summary of her testimony published on the Bundestag (German parliament) website.
Reacting to Nichols' statement, Merkel said it "could be because of my time as environment minister".
Former VW CEO Winterkorn told the inquiry he spoke of 'dieselgate' with Merkel in a phone call on September 22, 2015 - just after Winterkorn himself claims to have found out.
But prosecutors are already investigating the carmaker's one-time "Mr. Quality" for fraud, saying they have "sufficient indications" that he may have known about the questionable software earlier than he has admitted and failed to inform investors.
In the United States, the FBI believes senior VW executives in Germany found out months earlier than they have so far claimed, in July 2015.
VW has so far set aside €22.6 billion to cover fines and compensation related to the affair, but experts estimate the final bill could be much higher.
#Angela Merkel #volkswagen #vw #emissions


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Lilly Hiatt At Standard Deluxe Concert Review
By Todd Deery
November 25, 2019 | 10:49am CST
Lilly Hiatt and her crack band played at Standard Deluxe in October. For those who haven't been to Standard Deluxe, it's a printer and music venue in Waverly, Ala. about 20 minutes from Auburn. With its funky vibe and primitive folk art furnishings, Standard Deluxe is a haven of nonchalant cool in the tiny southern town.
Hiatt played not on the outdoor main stage that is the site of the annual 280 Boogie, but a Tiny House Show, which take place in small converted schoolhouse on property. The intimate setting holds about 30 people and was sold out for Hiatt, who played from a small stage at one end. The audience sat in wooden pews bathed in the glow of string lights that lined the venue.
Hiatt, who is touring on her new album, Trinity Lane, played a warm and gracious set. She opened with "All Kinds of People," her slightly pinched twang meshing with the rollicking beat. She played many of the albums strongest cuts, including "The Night David Bowie Died," "Trinity Lane" and "Everything I Had." The band was relaxed and her banter was engaging and funny as she chatted with the audience between almost every song.
When she did play older material from her debut, Royal Blue, it hit home. "Jesus Would've Let Me Pick the Restaurant" was more muscular live, and "Somebody's Daughter," about her being the daughter of famous songwriter John Hiatt, had added depth. She closed the night with a gorgeous new acoustic number.
One of the great things about going to a local show like this is the ability to meet the musicians. Talking to Hiatt after the show, I told her how much I loved the set and to please keep doing what she's doing. "I don't know how to do anything else," she said. We are all thankful for that.


As reported by The Hill, multiple Federal Reserve Presidents have started publicly attacking "Audit the Fed" which was introduced by Kentucky Senator Rand Paul last month. (But remember, the Fed must not be audited to remain "independent" from partisan politics).
Ron Paul's former legislative aid on monetary policy, Paul-Martin Foss, has an excellent article on the Federal Reserve attacking Audit the Fed over at the Carl Menger Center for the Study of Money and Banking.
Mr. Fisher has also forgotten that the Constitution grants Congress the power to "coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin…" Notice that it is only Congress that has the power to regulate the value of the coinage, not the Executive Branch, and not an unelected agency such as the Federal Reserve. If Mr. Fisher has a problem with that, he is welcome to push for a Constitutional amendment to change that.
The Constitution also does not give Congress the power to emit bills of credit. Nor is Congress therefore allowed to delegate that non-existent power to an Executive Branch agency such as the Fed. Not that pesky things like laws have ever stopped the Fed from doing what it feels like doing.
The Federal Reserve is clearly getting scared by all of the support for Audit the Fed. Sign your petition to your legislators and tell them to support Audit the Fed!


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Apparently, our campaign last year (in Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines) in proposing Yogyakarta as the host of IEEE Region 10 Annual General Meeting this year, had been a success. So, last week (March 5th – 6th), Indonesia hosted the Region 10 AGM, with a venue in Sheraton Hotel, Yogyakarta, only some kilometres from the peak of Mt Merapi, that suddenly flew the hot lava those days :).
This annual meeting presented the President-Elect of the IEEE, Gordon Day; Director of Region 10, Lawrence Wong; the leaders of divisions, councils, sections, and chapters, and other representatives from almost all countries in Asia Pacific, including Indonesia. Indonesia representatives were led by IEEE Indonesia Section Chair, Muhammad Ary Murti. I myself represented the IEEE Comsoc Indonesia Chapter.
The meeting was held in accordance with Robert's Rules of Order, which is widely used in the parliaments of many countries. Chairman Lawrence Wong commenced the meeting with a Call to Order, followed by Roll Call and some reports. Was interesting to see that the sequence of these activities can be done on time by the minute. Regardless of their position, all presenters could give only a 5-10 minute presentation. In his report, Gordon Day recalled the transformation that is still continuing within the IEEE. Expanding from the world of electrical engineering, IEEE now includes the fields of aeronautical, biomedical, electrical, electronic, computer, information technology, mathematics, physics, telecommunication, automotive and biological engineering. The number of members has reached 407 thousand. However, this number is only less than 10% of the engineers working in the fields of the IEEE. In the US, only 7.5% engineers in these fields are members of the IEEE. In Indonesia, only 0.5%.
Using a new tagline advancing technology for humanity, the approaches taken by IEEE are to strengthen the organisation to serve the new generations of engineers, particularly in new fields that will further improve the human life. IEEE is also directed to become more global, embracing the technological widespread throughout the world, and enhance its role and leadership. Economic, social, and cultural changes that are happening more quickly at this moment motivate the organisation to strategically improve the use of technology to support a better human life, individually and socially. The engineers must always be reminded that they still have a professional responsibility to support better life in the following centuries. Lawrence Wong continued by showing the uniqueness of the Asia Pacific region: this is the region with the largest number of members in the IEEE, and with the highest growth, especially among students and young engineers. This reflects the characteristics of this region which is the world's most dynamic area of technology. What to do in this region is to increase the synergy between regions, especially with the Internet.
VP of MGA Howard E. Michel detailed that rather than taking care of membership, the IEEE will put more focus on its members: how to Inspire, Enable, Empower and Engage the members of the IEEE. One example is to use the IEEE Center for Leadership Excellence (CLE) to build members' leadership. VP of Educational Activities Tariq Durrani explained several initiatives to develop engineering education before the university stage, for example with TISP, TryNano, TryEngineering, as well as other approaches such as accreditation, certification, WiE (women in engineering), etc. The meeting also discussed the report TENCON 2010 in Fukuoka, TENCON 2011 that will be held this year in Sanur (presented by TENCON 2011 Chairman Dr Wahidin Wahab), and TENCON 2012 plan in Cebu. And … hmm … many many more :).


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Arya Samaj Marriage
Inter Cast Marriage
Same day Marriage & Registration with 100% Valid & Legal Marriage Certificate under U.P. Marriage Registration Rule,2017 issued by Marriage Registration Officer Lucknow.
Mr. Ankit Kumar
Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Swami Dayanand Saraswati was more than a religious leader of India who left deep impact on the Indian society. He founded the Arya Samaj that brought about changes in the religious perception of Indians. He voiced his opinions against idolatry and the pointless emphasis on empty ritualism, and man-made dictates that women are not allowed to read the Vedas. His idea of denouncing the caste system inherited by oneself in lieu of their birth was nothing short of radical. He brought about a complete overhaul of the education system by introducing Anglo-Vedic schools to offer Indian students an updated curriculum teaching both the knowledge of the Vedas along with contemporary English education. Although he was never really involved in politics directly, his political observations were the source of inspiration for a number of political leaders during India's struggle for independence. He was given the epithet of Maharishi and is considered as one of the Makers of Modern India.
The samaj was founded by the sannyasi (ascetic) Dayananda Saraswati on 7 April 1875. Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one God and reject the worship of idols. Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one almighty creator known as Aum who is mentioned in the Yajur Veda (40:17). They believe the Vedas is an infallible authority. The Arya Samaj promotes the equality of all human beings and the empowerment of women. The Arya Samaj members recite the Gayatri Mantra, meditation and make offering to the holy fire '('havan).
Who may perform Arya Samaj Marriage?
Who are eligible for an Arya Samaj marriage? The groom's minimum age has to be 21 whereas the bride should have 18. Any person who is a Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh can perform Arya Samaj Marriage. Any person who is not a Muslim, Christian, Parsis or Jews can also perform this type of wedding style.
Arya Samaj marriages are very simple to execute and the rituals are straight. Couples from different religions who fall under the broad umbrella of Hindus in India can perform Arya Samaj. This is a choice and wiling preference for couples where one person belongs to Buddhism, Jainism or Sikh religion. The ceremony performs adhering to the Vedic rituals in an Arya Samaj temple. According to the Vedic principles, the hymns spelt during the ceremony are explained to the bride and groom. Arya Samaj marriage is just like Hindu marriage, where the marriage takes place around the fire. Also, it is legally recognised. In fact, there is the Arya Samaj Marriage Validation Act of 1937 provided under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
Registration of Arya Samaj Marriage
If you got married under the Arya Samaj Mandir then get this marriage registered under U.P. Marriage Registration Rule,2017 issued by Marriage Registration Officer Lucknow., where this marriage took place.
After 2006, orders of Supreme Court are strict on the issue of registration of marriages in personal laws. An Arya Samaj marriage can be registered either under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 or under the Special Marriage Act, 1954. The Hindu Marriage Act is applicable in cases where both husband and wife are Hindus, Buddhists, Jains or Sikhs or where they have converted into any of these religions. Where either of the husband or wife or both are not Hindus, Buddhists, Jains or Sikhs, the marriage is registered under the Special Marriage Act, 1954.
Hindu Marriage Act places a responsibility upon the states to make laws regarding registration of the marriage but also places an emphasis that where a marriage is not registered, its non registration will not invalidate the marriage. It is often advised to get the marriage registered as per the Supreme court orders and, it is the correct way to avoid disputes in future regarding breakdown of marriage.
The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937 (Act No. 19 of 1937)
The Arya Samaj Marriage Validation Act, 1937 is a legislation enacted by the British Government in India during the pre-independence era to recognize inter marriages among Arya Samajis.
Marriage between Arya Samajists not to be invalid.—Notwithstanding any provision of Hindu
Law, usage or custom to the contrary no marriage contracted whether before or after the commencement
of this Act between two persons being at the time of the marriage Arya Samajists shall be invalid or shall
be deemed over to have been invalid by reason only of the fact that the parties at any time belonged to
different castes or different sub-castes of Hindus or that either or both of the parties at any time before the
marriage belonged to a religion other than Hinduism.
In April 1875, Dayanand established the Arya Samaj in Bombay. Formed with the motto Krinvanto Vishvam Aryam (Make this world noble), the socio-cultural movement aimed to reform society by raising awareness among people about Vedic knowledge.
Far from trying to for a new religion, Dayanand only aimed at re-establishing the teachings of the Vedas. He authored an estimated 60 books, the most important among them being Satyarth Prakash (meaning The Light of Truth), to spread knowledge among people about the principles of the Vedas and to promote qualities that he considered were truly divine.
Dayanand also strongly backed the granting of equal rights for all, emphasised the need for the social uplift of women and of the underprivileged sections. He also denounced superstitions and practices such as animal sacrifice. He was given the title of Maharishi and is considered one of the prominent makers of modern India.
Documents required for solemnisation of Arya Samaj Marriage
Two Affidavit of The Bride and Groom – (Affidavit must be attested by Notary Public with Register entry No. )
• Birth Certificate.or
• Matriculation High School certificate or
• Passport or
• PAN Card or
• Driving licence
(Any 1 of the Above Documents)
• Aadhar Card or
• Voter ID Card
• Ration Card
• Passport sized 6 photographs of both the Bride and Groom.
During the marriage ceremony, two witnesses are required with their ID proofs such as-Voter ID Card/ Passport/ Driving License/ Bank Passbook.
• A complete affirmation is required to prove that the parties are not related to each other within prohibited degree of relationship as per "Hindu Marriage Act".
• If any party is divorcee Certified copy of Decree of Divorce granted by the Court.
• If any party is widow / widower Death Certificate of the dead spouse.
• If any party is a Foreign Citizen or holding a foreign Passport or is having foreign residential address
• Certificate of Present Marital Status of the party / No Impediment Certificate / NOC from concerned Embassy and Valid VISA.
Marriage a legally and socially sanctioned union, usually between a man and a woman, that is regulated by laws, rules, customs, beliefs, and attitudes that prescribe the rights and duties of the partners and accords status to their offspring. Getting married is the most remembering moments in everyone life and we have been helping the Bride and Groom get into the holy matrimony at low cost and without hassles. It requires far less formalities than a traditional marriage and the marriage procedure is completed within a few hours only.


I bought this dress in gold colour.Made to measure. Arrived in only 4 weeks. It is amazing. It will need a good press, but it fits great and it looks fantastic.
I fell in love with the colour of this dress and the glamorous style.
Great dress!! Fit was perfect...material and craftsmanship was superb.


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Local implementing partners enable us to be attentive to actual needs on the ground. Photo: Seedling held by hands. Pexels, Pixabay
Implementing partnership
Our implementing partners are non-governmental and community-based organisations at the grassroots, with a good reputation in the community they represent.
Our strategic decision to work through local implementing partners is a crucial aspect of our development approach. It enables us to be attentive to actual needs on the ground, tapping into local knowledge, and putting decision making close to implementation. The capacity building of implementing partners is an important part of our work to strengthen civil society.
Our strategic decision to work through local implementing partners is a crucial aspect of our development approach.
We work with implementing partners of varying capacities and abilities, which show willingness to both learn and develop. Implementing partners may range from community-based organisations, to national or international non-government organisations with an office in the country where we work. Regardless of form, the organisation will have been legally registered with the relevant authorities for at least two years and have a history of working for poor and marginalised people.
Clear criteria guide our selection of implementing partners. These include alignment with our vision and ways of working; good governance and zero tolerance for corruption; and a good reputation.
Interested in a partnership? Please contact us.
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Tadeusz Jan Skórka (ur. 5 czerwca 1924 w Sanoku, zm. 26 stycznia 1996 tamże) – polski ekonomista.

Życiorys
Tadeusz Jan Skórka urodził się 5 czerwca 1924 w Sanoku w robotniczej rodzinie Alojzego (zm. 1939) i Anny z domu Maślany (1895-1969). Miał siostrę Kazimierę (1921-2004, wnuczka Stanisława i żona Juliusza Augustyńskiego)) i brata Adama (1928-1982). W rodzinnym mieście w 1938 ukończył naukę w 7-klasowej Szkole Powszechnej III stopnia im. Króla Władysława Jagiełły. Podczas II wojny światowej w trakcie okupacji niemieckiej był zatrudniony w miejscowej fabryce maszyn i wagonów. Od 1941 uczył się tam zawodu tokarza, a w 1944 zdał egzamin na czeladnika. Po nadejściu frontu wschodniego od 21 sierpnia 1944 do 30 marca 1956 pełnił służbę w organach Milicji Obywatelskiej w Sanoku w tamtejszej Komendzie Powiatowej. W tym czasie brał udział w działaniach tzw. utrwalania władzy ludowej, w tym przy ochronie obiektów przemysłowych i państwowych oraz w walkach z bandami UPA w podsanockich wsiach Odrzechowa, Niebieszczany, Dobra, Tyrawa Wołoska, Rakowa, działając pod dowództwem Jana Hnatuśki. Później podjął edukację i w 1947 zdał egzamin dojrzałości według programu wydziału matematyczno-fizycznego w oddziale dla dorosłych Gimnazjum i Liceum Ogólnokształcącego w Sanoku.

Od 1947 pracował w Banku Gospodarstwa Spółdzielczego jako kasjer, zaś po restrukturyzacji w Państwowym Banku Rolnym jako technik bankowy do 1950. Od 1950 do 1954 studiował w Szkole Głównej Planowania i Statystyki w Warszawie, gdzie uzyskał dyplom magistra ekonomii II stopnia na Wydziale Finansów i Statystyki. Podczas tego kształcenia pracował jako nauczyciel w Technikum Administracyjno-Handlowym pod Warszawą. W 1954 na podstawie nakazu pracy został skierowany do Sanockiej Fabryki Wagonów "Sanowag" (od 1958 funkcjonującej pod nazwą Sanocka Fabryka Autobusów "Autosan"). Kolejno zajmował stanowiska planisty, kierownika działu planowania, organizacji i zatrudnienia, od 1957 do 1967 zastępcy dyrektora ds. administracyjnych i handlowych. Od 16 października 1967 do 31 października 1977 sprawował stanowisko naczelnego dyrektora Sanockich Zakładów Przemysłu Gumowego "Stomil" w Sanoku. W tym okresie trwała rozbudowa tej fabryki oraz inwestycje poboczne (mieszkaniowe i obiekty oświatowe). Po odejściu ze Stomilu powrócił do Autosanu, gdzie w 1978 był starszym specjalistą ds. sprzedaży (handlu) i eksportu. Z pracy tamże przeszedł na emeryturę.

Od 1944 do 1947 działał w ZHP w Sanoku. Od 1947 należał do PPS, a od 1954 do PZPR. Pełnił funkcje członka komisji kontroli partii (1956-1959), członka plenum Komitetu Powiatowej PZPR (1967-1977), członka komisji ekonomicznej KP i Komitetu Miejskiego PZPR. Był członkiem Miejskiej Rady Narodowej w Sanoku kadencji 1961-1965 i 1965-1969. Należał. Od 1978 należał do koła miejsko-gminnego ZBoWiD w Sanoku. Na bazie studium wojskowego otrzymał stopień podporucznika.

Od 1950 jego żoną była Elżbieta Maria z domu Wojnarowicz (zm. 2016), z którą miał synów Andrzeja (1952-2015) i Wojciecha (ur. 1959).

Zmarł 26 stycznia 1996. Został pochowany na Cmentarzu Centralnym w Sanoku 29 stycznia 1996.

Odznaczenia
 Krzyż Kawalerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (1971)
 Złoty Krzyż Zasługi (1962)
 Srebrny Krzyż Zasługi (1958)
 Medal 30-lecia Polski Ludowej (1974)
 Brązowy Medal "Za zasługi dla obronności kraju" (1976)
 Złote Odznaczenie im. Janka Krasickiego (1972)
 Odznaka "Za zasługi dla przemysłu chemicznego" (1974)
 Zasłużony Pracownik Sanockich Zakładów Przemysłu Gumowego "Stomil" w Sanoku (1974)
 Odznaka "Zasłużony Działacz Polskiego Związku Podnoszenia Ciężarów"
 Jubileuszowy Adres (1984)

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Absolwenci I Liceum Ogólnokształcącego w Sanoku (1945–1973)
Absolwenci Szkoły Głównej Handlowej
Członkowie Komitetów Powiatowych PZPR
Członkowie Komitetu Miejskiego PZPR w Sanoku
Członkowie Miejskich Komisji Kontroli Partyjnej PZPR
Członkowie Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej (1944–1948)
Członkowie ZBoWiD
Członkowie ZHP
Funkcjonariusze Milicji Obywatelskiej
Harcerze związani z Sanokiem
Ludzie urodzeni w Sanoku
Ludzie związani z bankowością w Polsce
Odznaczeni Brązowym Medalem "Za zasługi dla obronności kraju"
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Kawalerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (Polska Ludowa)
Odznaczeni Medalem 30-lecia Polski Ludowej
Odznaczeni odznaczeniem im. Janka Krasickiego
Odznaczeni odznaką "Za zasługi dla przemysłu chemicznego"
Odznaczeni Złotym Krzyżem Zasługi (Polska Ludowa)
Pochowani na Cmentarzu Centralnym w Sanoku
Radni Miejskiej Rady Narodowej w Sanoku
Pracownicy fabryki maszyn, wagonów i autobusów w Sanoku
Pracownicy fabryki przemysłu gumowego w Sanoku
Uczestnicy walk z ukraińskim podziemiem zbrojnym 1939–1947 (Polska Ludowa)
Urodzeni w 1924
Zmarli w 1996


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The Australian Centre for Sexual Health is actively committed to the progress and development of sexual health medicine.
The Centre has shared a long and successful relationship with new scientific innovations in medications, medical devices, therapies and other treatment procedures emerging from pharmaceutical, biotechnology, academic, not for profit and other research organisations.
The center has shared a long and successful relationship with new scientific innovations in medications, medical devices, therapies and other treatment procedures emerging from pharmaceutical, biotechnology, academic, not for profit and other research organisations.
processes to examine the application and potential uses of new medical developments. These advancements can only become available to the general public once they undergo three phases of clinical trials.
Generally, phase 1 trials confirm safety, phase 2 trials assess effectiveness and continue to monitor safety, and phase 3 trials confirm effectiveness in a larger group of people and further monitor safety.
Before trials are conducted on humans, new medications or treatments have usually undergone extensive examination in laboratories and are tried on cells and animals grown in labs. The ones with positive results and no significant side effects are then approved for testing in human trials.
The treatment then progresses through the three phases of clinical trials outlined above.
All clinical trials are conducted only after the approval of Ethics Committees and must follow the International Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Participation is always voluntary and a patient or volunteer must read and agree to the Informed Consent document, which outlines what will happen in the trial and all risks associated with participating. Participants can also ask questions to the medical staff, and of course can consult with their own Doctor.
Patients or volunteers also have the right to leave the clinical trial at any time.
Each clinical trial varies significantly, but there are some common elements. Most (but not all) trials involve taking a medication or undergoing some form of treatment.
The patient or volunteer will first undergo screening to determine that they fit the medical eligibility criteria for the particular trial, and then be given the study medication or treatment. The patient or volunteer typically returns to the research centre a number of times to measure their response.
What's the difference between Healthy Volunteer and Patient clinical trials?
Some trials require volunteers who are generally healthy, while other trials require patients with a particular medical condition. Healthy volunteer trials usually provide a reimbursement or compensation to the healthy volunteer for participating.
Many patient trials do not provide compensation, but often do provide reimbursement for travel expenses. Patients are often not compensated in patient trials as they receive the medication or treatment and medical care at no cost.
Often with clinical trials, research organisations are trialling new therapies to provide improved care for sufferers of conditions and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. For information relating to a specific trial please ask the clinical staff conducting the study to provide more information.
The media and public are often misinformed when it comes to clinical trials. The fact is, if we do not have new research, we do not achieve improved and new therapies which can provide optimised medications and potential new cures. This is never an overnight result, it is a process that costs pharmaceutical companies millions of dollars and can take more than 10 years just to bring a new therapy to the pharmacy shelf. Before a therapy can be used in a clinical trial it must pass through many thorough preclinical processes to prove that it is safe in humans. Clinical trial ares highly regulated to a very high standard.
Most clinical trials will compensate patients for their costs to travel to and from the trial site to ensure that patients are not financially disadvantaged by their participation in the clinical trial.
Please ask the clinical staff conducting the study to provide more specific information.
Most trials involving healthy volunteers are financially compensated. It is also not uncommon for patients to be compensated for their time where a trial may require repeated visits or long periods of observation including overnight stays.


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Costa Rica Maps
Costa Rica Map
Beaches Cities Islands Rivers Volcanoes Waterfalls National Parks
Costa Rica is a small country located in between Nicaragua and Panama. South of Nicaragua and north of Panama, Costa Rica is not an island but it does have two beautiful and extremely unique coastlines: the Caribbean and Pacific.
The Maps of Costa Rica You Need!
Costa Rica is a small country located in between Nicaragua and Panama. Located north of Panama and South of Nicaragua. Despite common belief, this country is not an island but still surrounded by the Caribbean sea and Pacific Ocean, so that guests can enjoy two beautiful, amazing and enchanting coastlines. Our maps of Costa Rica are full of useful information to help you get an idea of where popular destinations are located and help you plan your next tropical vacation.
Knowing exactly where you want to go can be tricky and potentially costly if you choose the wrong place. And don't trust the movies! San Jose is not on the beach, like the famous Jurassic Park scene depicts. Fortunately, despite Costa Rica's small size, it is full of luxurious beaches, tropical rainforests and scenic mountain ranges. No matter where you choose to vacation, you're guaranteed to have an incredible trip. In addition, Costa Rica is home to some of the friendliest people on the planet. They are proud to share their country with its lucky visitors and help them have the best experience possible!
To make your vacation planning easier, we have divided the country into eight distinct regions. Just keep scrolling to learn more! Once you've learned a little more about our beautiful country, contact one of travel experts to start planning a vacation of a lifetime.
Where is Costa Rica?
Costa Rica is located in Central America. It lies on the isthmus which connects North and South America. Costa Rica has a border with Nicaragua in the North which is 313 kilometers long and a border with Panama to the South which is 348 kilometers long.
On this map, you can see the location of Costa Rica on a world map. With a size of 51,100 km2 (19,700 sq mi), it is one of the smaller countries.
International Flight Map – How Do I Get to Costa Rica?
San Jose (SJO) is one of the two international terminals, and they have a large variety of carriers that fly directly into the country. From Canada, you will fly through Montréal or Toronto regularly. From The United States, you can choose from a broad variety of flights. Basically, all the major airlines offer flights to Costa Rica. You can find flights from all the key hubs for these airlines. Also, you'll find seasonal non-hub flights from some airlines, but you will have to search a little for those flights. For those who are traveling from Europe, there are a growing number of choices. Well-reputed airlines, such as Lufthansa, Air France, and KLM have started to offer direct flights from their main hubs. Moreover, there are vacation airlines like Condor or TUI Airways which have flights to San José.
Liberia (LIR) is a more popular destination for flights from the United States and Canada, so there aren't as many airline options. From Canada, you are served by four airlines, the focus being on the East Coast hubs, Toronto and Montréal. The United States has eight airlines that fly to Liberia. They are: American, United, Delta, Alaska Airlines, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, and Volaris. Finally, for those traveling in from Europe, you will be best served by TUI Airways which have direct flights from London to Liberia.
With all the options available it has never been easier to come to Costa Rica!
When is the Best Time to Visit Costa Rica?
When deciding when to visit Costa Rica you have to consider the dry and wet (green) seasons. While the country's rainforests bloom during the wet season, it usually rains for most of the afternoon and evening. For most parts of the country, the dry season begins in December and ends in April, making it one of the best times to visit Costa Rica. For example, December to April are perfect for surfing on the Caribbean Coast. Between December and April you'll find several festivals to visit as well. The Palmares Festival is held in January, followed by Envision Festival in Uvita is held in February and Semana Santa (Holy Week) in April.
The rainy season begins in May and reaches its peak in September and October. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. The Caribbean Coast and the Arenal Volcano typically experience a "mini summer" in September and October – while the Northern Province of Guanacaste tends to be drier year round. May to November is a good time to visit the Pacific Coast for birding and whale watching.
What Does Costa Rica Have to Offer?
Beaches Costa Rica has about 1,290 kilometers (800 miles) of coastline on the Caribbean and Pacific coast. Consequently, there are dozens of beautiful beaches in Costa Rica. You can find most of the best beaches in the Guanacaste and Nicoya regions. However, there are also astonishing beaches in the Southern Caribbean and the Central Pacific.
Volcanoes Costa Rica has over 200 volcano formations and around half of them show signs of volcanic activity. Presently, only a couple of them are active but all of the volcanoes in Costa Rica are beautiful. The topography of modern Costa Rica was created from a volcanic movement that took place over 75 million years ago! Resting on the edge of the Pacific Rim's Ring of Fire, Costa Rica has some of the world's most magnificent active volcanoes.
National Parks Costa Rica has 26 National Parks which make up 25% of the country's total land area. Poas was the first National Park and it was created in 1955. Over the following years, a lot more parks and reserves were created to preserve the beauty of the country for future generations. Currently, the most visited National Parks in Costa Rica are Manuel Antonio, Irazú, and Marino Ballena.
Waterfalls Costa Rica has literally thousands of waterfalls, each one more beautiful than the next. As a result, Costa Rica is a world-renowned destination for waterfalls. Some of the highest waterfalls in the country are actually largely unexplored. You can visit the country's most famous waterfalls such as La Paz, La Fortuna, and Rio Celeste, or stroll through the wilderness to discover your own!
Cities & Towns Costa Rica is not known for big or spectacular cities but there are definitely a few urban destinations worth a visit. The biggest and most famous city is Costa Rica's Capital, San José, which is also home to one of the International Airports.
Costa Rica Volcano Map
Costa Rica Beach Map
Costa Rica Cities Map
Costa Rica National Parks
Costa Rica Waterfalls Map
What Can I Do in Costa Rica?
Birding A plethora of colors and an assortment of plumage, combined with a great variety of species, make Costa Rica an amazing birding destination. The bird nerd will be in heaven watching the rare Quetzal or a Scarlet Macaw fly overhead while listening to the mating call of a toucan. There's nowhere you can go to in Costa Rica and NOT have great birding opportunities.
Wildlife Viewing There are countless opportunities to see wildlife up close and personal in Costa Rica. You can spot whales, dolphins, jellyfish, sharks and sting rays in the ocean or sloths, iguanas, monkeys and snakes in the rainforest, guaranteeing an unforgettable experience during your vacation.
Surfing Costa Rica has hundreds of fantastic surfing beaches to chose from. Costa Rica offers some of the best destinations for surfing on the beautiful and pristine beaches of Guanacaste and exotic beaches of the Caribbean. Moreover, the wild beaches of the South Pacific offer great breaks and the longest waves in Costa Rica.
Scuba Diving There is no shortage of destinations to discover breathtaking marine wildlife. Costa Rica has beautiful diving sites on the Pacific Coast as well as on the flamboyant Caribbean side. You will be able to see huge schools of fish, giant manta rays, dolphins and sharks amongst radiant colored tropical fish. One of the most popular spots are Caño Island and Golfito.
Golfing Golfing in Costa Rica has become very popular, with courses designed by people like Robert Trent Jones Jr, Ted Robinson Jr, George Fazio and the Great Arnold Palmer. Take a look at the top golf courses in Costa Rica and start planning your perfect golfing vacation in paradise.
Costa Rica Surf Spots
Costa Rica Diving Map
Costa Rica Birding Map
Costa Rica Marine Wildlife
Costa Rica Golf Courses
Where Do I Go in Costa Rica? Maps of Popular Travel Itineraries
Costa Rica is an incredibly diverse country with so much to see and do! To help you get the most out of your time here we have put together a collection of Costa Rica Maps which detail suggested travel itineraries. These Costa Rica Vacation Packages are designed to inspire you and to help you get an idea of what suits you the best. Get the most out of your visit and see some of the highlights of the country. The packages are completely customizable and can be tailored to suit your needs, interests, and budget.
Best of Costa Rica Vacation
Duration: 7 Nights
Areas Visited: Arenal & Manuel Antonio
Arrival Airport: San José (SJO)
Trip Idea: Perfect for a first time visit to Costa Rica and those looking to see Costa Rica's Top 2 Destinations. Fly into San José and then spend a little time at the volcano and rainforest before ending up at the beach!
Best of Guanacaste Vacation
Areas Visited: Rincon de la Vieja & Tamarindo
Arrival Airport: Liberia (LIR)
Trip Idea: Meant for those who have a short amount of time and wanting to fly into Liberia. Short travel times to the destinations make it so that you don't spend too much time in a car and get the most out of your vacation.
Top Three Destinations Vacation
Duration: 8 or 9 Nights
Areas Visited: Arenal, Monteverde & Manuel Antonio
Trip Idea: Visit Costa Rica's Top 3 Destinations and explore distinct natural areas. From the tropical rainforest that surrounds the volcano, to the high mountain cloud forests to a final stop at a beautiful beach!
Two Oceans & A Volcano Vacation
Areas Visited: Tortuguero, Arenal & Manuel Antonio
Trip Idea: This coast to coast vacation package takes your through the exotic rainforest canals of Tortuguero on the Caribbean, then the famous Arenal Volcano before ending up on the Pacific Coast.
Perfect Combination Vacation
Areas Visited: Arenal, Manuel Antonio, Drake Bay
Trip Idea: Combine two of Costa Rica's "Classic Destinations", the volcano and the beach, with the exotic Osa Peninsula and an area called Drake Bay – a true natural paradise!
Birding in Costa Rica's Eco-Zones
Areas Visited: Turrialba, San Gerardo de Dota & Carara
Trip Idea: Costa Rica is a birding paradise and this package will take you through 3 distinct eco-systems – guaranteeing that you'll see a wide variety of birds and wildlife in a short amount of time.
Costa Rica at a Glance: What Can I Do in Each Region?
For a small country, Costa Rica has a lot to offer!
Explore 2 coasts, over 200 volcanoes, endless rainforests and observe incredible wildlife! Yes, Costa Rica has it all!
Why Visit? A rich cultural area with a laid-back tropical atmosphere.
Things to Do: Snorkeling, Visit a Sloth or Jaguar Rescue Center, Tour the Canals
Top Destinations: Puerto Viejo, Cahuita, Tortuguero
Why Visit? Home to Costa Rica's most famous National Park and beautiful beaches
Things to Do: Fishing, Surfing, Animal Watching
Top Destinations: Manuel Antonio, Jacó, Tarcoles River
Why Visit? Home to the Capital & International Airport, Volcanoes & Waterfalls.
Things to Do: Take a City Tour, Visit the La Paz Waterfall Gardens or the Poás Volcano
Top Destinations: San José, La Paz Waterfall Gardens, Poás, Irazú
Why Visit? Home to Costa Rica's most popular beach destinations and all-inclusive resorts
Things to Do: Surfing, Catamaran, Snorkeling, Hiking
Top Destinations: Tamarindo, Rincón de la Vieja, Playa Conchal
Why Visit? Largely undeveloped and home to some of Costa Rica's most beautiful beaches. Known for its laid back surfer vibe and boutique beach resorts.
Things to Do: Yoga, Surfing, ATV Tours, Waterfalls
Top Destinations: Santa Teresa, Nosara, Montezuma
Why Visit? Home to the country's most famous volcano and lush cloud forests. You will be amazed at the wildlife and biodiversity.
Things to Do: Hiking, Canyoning, Hot Springs, Zip Lines
Top Destinations: Arenal Volcano, Monteverde, Sarapiqui
Why Visit? An unexplored paradise and a must see for nature lovers. If you are looking to get off the beaten path and explore – this is the spot for you.
Things to Do: Hiking, Whale Watching, Kayaking
Top Destinations: Corcovado, Drake Bay, Golfo Dulce
Why Visit? You'll find the tallest mountains, pristine cloud forest areas, and a virtually unexplored paradise. Find a large variety of birds and just an endless array of biodiversity.
Things to Do: Birding, Hiking
Top Destinations: San Gerardo de Dota, Chirripó
Planning a Vacation to Costa Rica can be difficult, as there is so much to see and do here.
We help make it easy with our Custom Vacation Packages!
From the moment you arrive, getting around the country is a very important part of your trip. The transportation you choose can make or break your holiday. By far the best form of transportation in Costa Rica is flying with any of the domestic flight services. If you want to cut your travel time down to just an hour or less that is the way to go. Other great options are private transfers. You can just sit back, relax, and enjoy the scenery while one of our experienced drivers brings you to your next destination. If you want to save a bit money, you can also choose shuttle transfers. However, they are slower than private transfers and you have to share the vehicle with other travelers.
Map of Costa Rica's Airports
Domestic Flights Map Costa Rica
Costa Rica Highway Map
Population Density of Costa Rica
Costa Rica's population density is 84 people per square kilometer, which is the third highest in Central America. However, almost 70 percent of the population lives in the Central Valley. This is where the country's largest cities – San José, Heredia, Alajuela, and Cartago – are located. It is the economic center and the heart of the country. San José is considered one of the safest cities in all of Latin America. On the other hand, the South of Costa Rica is sparsely populated. There, you can still find a lot of wilderness and untouched rainforests.
The country's population nearly reaches the 5 million mark and since 2018, there has been a steady increase! According to a 2018 census, Costa Rica's ethnic composition is 66% White/Castizo, 14% Mestizo, 9% immigrants, 7% Mulatto, 2.5% Amerindian, 1% Black, 0.2% Asian and 0.9% other. Besides that, about 104,000 Native Americans or indigenous people are calling Costa Rica their home. Therefore, you can find eight indigenous groups, most of whom live in reservations throughout the country: the BriBri, Boruca, Cabecar, Guayami, Maleku, Matambu, Terraba, and Quitirrisi.
The Blue Zones of the World – Nicoya Peninsula Costa Rica
A Blue Zone is generally an area in the world, where people live much longer than the average person. Reasons for this phenomenon are dietary choices, exercise, rest and various lifestyle factors. Furthermore, you will see that people living in a blue zone often practice religion or spirituality. In a broader sense, these zones are religious communities.
Worldwide there are only five blue zones and Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula is one of them! Healthy, happy, and fulfilled people are not only to found in Nicoya but moreover throughout the entire country! You will surely get the positivity and the incredible atmosphere while visiting Costa Rica on your next vacation!
Interested in more information about Costa Rica? Check out the My Costa Rica Travel Blog!
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