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IRS Master File and Non-Master File Accounts
August 1, 2016 by Guest Blogger 6 Comments
Today, guest blogger Marilyn Ames provides a brief description of the IRS master file in order to provide context for some of the discussions we have had about taxpayer accounts. Understanding the way the IRS keeps its books on taxpayer accounts can make a difference. When an account moves from the master file to non-master file, the transcript, at first glance, can give the impression that the taxpayer owes nothing. Without an understanding of the different accounts, it is easy to become confused.
The National Taxpayer Advocate did a study on the problems created by conversion from master file to non-master file and reported on it in her 2009 annual report. The issue is further complicated by the timing of when the IRS will or should convert a case from mater file to non-master file and that can depend on the type of case involved. One trigger causing an account to move to non-master file status is a request for innocent spouse status. Other triggers include the filing of bankruptcy by one spouse or the filing of an offer in compromise by one spouse. It should occur whenever the collection on the formerly joint account moves in two directions because the actions of one spouse no longer move in sync with the other. Consult the IRM on when the split should occur but be aware that the IRS does not always move the account to non-master file status when it should and the failure to do so can cause havoc. Keith
According to the Internal Revenue Manual, the master file is "the official repository of all taxpayer data extracted from magnetic tape records, paper and electronic tax returns, payments, and related documents…." (IRM 21.2.1.2, Master File (Oct. 1, 2011). This statement, which appears to include all of a taxpayer's tax accounts, is not quite correct. Because of the limitations to the technology behind the master file, the Internal Revenue Service has a Plan B. That Plan B is known as the non-master file, and as some taxpayers have found to their dismay, it includes liabilities not reflected in the taxpayer's master file.
The non-master file system exists for the sole purpose of providing a means to assess and collect liabilities that cannot be handled by the master file. The non-master file was initially a manual system that consisted of index cards maintained in alphabetical order. Since those not-so-long-ago days, non-master files are now kept electronically, but in a system totally separate from the master file system known as the Automated Non-Master File, or ANMF. Unfortunately, the ANMF cannot be accessed by the Integrated Data Retrieval System of the IRS, which is how Service employees generally obtain information about taxpayers' accounts, and from which tax transcripts are usually printed. If a Service employee does not recognize the existence of a liability on a non-master file, or the taxpayer only receives transcripts printed from the master file system, a taxpayer or an unknowing representative may be left with the impression that there is no outstanding tax liability, while assessments are still lurking on the ANMF.
So what kinds of liabilities are contained on the non-master file? Generally, cases involving transferor/transferee liability, termination or jeopardy assessments, cases involving lookback interest, and individual returns on which the secondary taxpayer is deceased will be assessed on non-master file. If the Service is collecting child support obligations, these liabilities will be shown on a non-master file account. Beyond these types of cases, there are other assessments that are also made on the non-master file. If the Internal Revenue Service needs to make an assessment within a matter of hours, the assessment will be made on non-master file, as it can be posted within 24 to 36 hours, rather than the four to six weeks for an assessment to be made on the master file. If Congress passes new tax laws that need to be implemented quickly, the returns reflecting those changes will be assessed on non-master file until the master file system can be updated. Certain other assessments, such as penalty assessments made under IRC §§ 6692, 6652(e), and 6652(d)(1) or (2), are also made on non-master file. A reversal of an erroneous abatement after the statute of limitations on assessment has expired will also occur on non-master file. And, my personal favorite, some tax liability is simply too big for the master file system and must be assessed on non-master file. If an individual taxpayer files a return showing a tax liability of $1 billion or more, the record will be maintained on the non-master file. (Interestingly, the Internal Revenue Service also maintains a spreadsheet of the taxpayers who regularly file such returns, and tracks these returns. Finally, an IRS list I wouldn't mind being on.)
Some liabilities may start out on master file, and then be switched to non-master file. The master file system can only handle a certain number of transactions for any particular tax account. When the limit is reached, the account is systemically transferred to non-master file. A transaction code 130 and a freeze will be made on the master file account to warn IRS personnel that this transfer has been made, but the master file account will also have the outstanding liability zeroed out by the addition of an equal credit. This can make a taxpayer very happy if the Service employee fails to note and tell the taxpayer about the existence of the new non-master file account. There is also a delay between the movement of a transaction from master file to the new non-master account, and it can be up to 45 days before the new file is posted in the ANMF system.
And if this wasn't complicated enough, there may also be more than one non-master file account for the same tax period. If an additional assessment is made for an account on the ANMF system, the additional assessment is not just added to the account as it would be on master file, a new separate non-master file account is established.
The ANMF system also issues different collection notices from those issued by master file. A taxpayer whose liability is assessed on non-master file will only receive two initial collection notices – those that would be the first and the fourth notices sent for a master file account. However, the taxpayer will still receive an annual reminder notice for the non-master file account of the outstanding balance, just as a taxpayer does for a liability assessed on master file.
So how does a taxpayer know that the notices being received are for a liability assessed on ANMF? This is easy – there will be an "N" after the taxpayer identification number. If there is a reference to a document locator number in a tax transcript, the third digit in the number will be a 6 if the document is on non-master file. Because the processing involved with non-master file can be extremely specialized, most non-master file accounts are handled at just two Service campuses, Cincinnati and Philadelphia. If a taxpayer appears to have a non-master file issue, the taxpayer or the representative should send a copy of the notice, letter or other document along with any correspondence discussing the problem so the issue is routed to the right office for handling.
Non-master file assessments are not as common as they were in the past, because one large area of non-master file cases is now handled by the master file system. In the past, when individual taxpayers filed a joint return and some action occurred that affected only one spouse, the accounts would be split between the two spouses on non-master file. This could have occurred because of a bankruptcy filing by only one spouse, one spouse being granted innocent spouse relief, or one spouse entering into an offer-in-compromise. Split assessment accounts can now be created on master file, in what is referred to as MFT 31. The creation of MFT 31 accounts causes each spouse's liability and any transactions with respect to that liability to be tracked separately. The National Taxpayer Advocate has expressed concerns about the MFT 31 accounts. While report in which these concerns were expressed is now several years old, the issues raised in the report may still have some currency. Taxpayers and their representatives still need to remain aware, however, because the liability remaining at the time the split assessment accounts are created will still be zeroed out on the original master file account. As with a transfer to non-master file, if the liability has not been paid off, it may still remain and be lurking in the new MFT 31 account like a monster under the bed. If the tax transcript shows a transaction code 400, the representative needs to press further to find the transcript for the new split assessment.
Filed Under: miscellaneous Tagged With: Marilyn Ames
Thanks! This is a very helpful post. I think of myself as having more familiarity with IRS computer systems than most practitioners, but this is new information to me. It's often confusing enough to deal with IRS transcripts – especially for multiple years. This raises the level of potential confusion to a new level.
"Procedurally Taxing" continues to be a valuable source of information about IRS procedural issues. Keep up the good work!
Ron Wiener, Philadelphia
rwiener@dscpas.com
Deborah A Percell says
Thanks for this post which enables tax professionals to have a greater understanding of tax transcripts especially potential "pitfalls" in the ANMF system and split account issues under the MasterFile System.
Bob Kamman says
I seem to recall NMF being available on IDRS back in the good old days, but my memory may be faulty. Meanwhile, the fact that a Master File case has a related case on the NMF is apparently available through IDRS; see IR Manual:
8.20.2.3 (10-15-2014)
Automated Non-Master File (ANMF) Transcripts
ANMF provides the capability for nationwide on-line research and on-line transcript requests for NMF accounts. …
I think NMF access has been restricted, not for technological reasons, but for disclosure reasons. For example, in "100% Penalty" (Code Section 6672) cases, IRS may be trying to collect the same tax from five or more people. Each one isn't allowed to know what the others have done, or have had done unto them. Letting every IRS employee with IDRS access answer questions about such accounts is just inviting trouble.
glenn says
Can you discuss what is the differences between this and a Tax Mod A transcript?
Orlando Gotay says
1) The IRM (8.20.2.3.4) says that NMF transcripts should not be given to taxpayers. How do I go about learning what's in the NMF if there is an indicator (i.e. the "6" third digit or the "N" after the TIN) that there are in fact NMF entries?
2) Are IRC 6672 (trust fund) penalties included in the NMF?
Don Brown says
The IRS has an invalid segment portion of the Master file which is documented in various cases including ongoing cases at the USDC level as well as in the IRC manual. Thompson v. IRC (2004) also documented how the IRS uses invalid data improperly to move the case along from the invalid segment portion of the Master file to then issue a substitute for return, as the substitute for return is a fraud and in violation of the APA. Thompson pointed out the fraud by the IRS as the information within the Master File is not valid, the substitute for a return is a fraud which is why its not normally signed and is blank, generally. A taxpayer that doesn't file a return should be objecting as the transcript will note a number for a document that doesn't exist i.e. the return. There must be a valid return for there to be a deficiency and in turn for the service to issue the Notice of Deficiency. Tax Court in Thompson did not want to address the fraud, so in turn, the ruled in Petitioner's favor for the absent of evidence as the burden was placed on the Commissioner.
The IRS's computer system is setup fine, however, they are improperly and fraudulently using the invalid segments and in turn issuing invalid NOD, see Thompson (2004) Motion for Summary Judgment.


he Oneida County Sheriff's Office will be holding the next in a series of "Sheriff's Community Coffee" events on Friday, March 22nd.
It will take place from 7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. in the Center Court of the Sangertown Mall in New Hartford.
The events bring members of the Sheriff's Office and the community together over a cup of coffee to discuss issues and learn more about each other.
Sheriff Rob Maciol says the "Sheriff's Community Coffee" events are also opportunities to build relationships in order to better problem solve with the people in the community.


On May 31st, 30 enthusiastic students from Sunnyvale Middle School carpooled with parent chaperones for a school field trip. Destination: Synopsys Inc. for Job Shadow Day, a Junior Achievement (JA) program designed to expose students to a variety of jobs and the requirements needed to obtain them. Synopsys employees greeted the students upon arrival and whisked them off for an introduction to the World of Chips, a presentation designed to help people without technical backgrounds understand EDA and its vital role in technology today.
After learning about what Synopsys does, the students got a sneak peek at the security system and cameras Synopsys uses to monitor its global offices. They were then introduced to employees from various functions who educated them on the different types of people, skills and backgrounds required to run a leading global EDA company. The students learned about marketing, sales, finance, business development, engineering and IT. Each of the volunteers discussed what they do on a daily basis and the skill set required to perform that function. Then the volunteers shared their own experiences with education and jobs they held before joining Synopsys. This helped the students realize they can work in many companies, roles and industries, even if they are not experts in the field.
"Our 8th graders from Sunnyvale Middle School thoroughly enjoyed their day at Synopsys with their mentors. They learned the value of education and how it applies in the corporate world," shared Principal Sue Kranich of Sunnyvale Middle School.
JA prepares young people for life through money management, workplace entrepreneurship and building communities through value-adding practices. Students can participate as early as kindergarten, where they begin to work on basic business and economics—themes that continue through the end of elementary school. The middle school program is focused on assisting teens make decisions to best develop their educational and professional portfolios for future professional endeavors. The high school program fosters well-informed students through assistance in intelligent decision making and other skills necessary for success in the business world.
Job Shadow Day enables students to better understand career opportunities in technology and the requirements necessary to work at a technology company like Synopsys. In addition to Job Shadow Days at headquarters, Synopsys Ireland also partners with Junior Achievement for mentoring programs and provides financial support. Read more about how Synopsys and Junior Achievement Ireland are "Inspiring Young Minds".
Synopsys is committed to inspiring a new generation of technology leaders, and Job Shadow Day is just one example of the company's dedication to furthering education and promoting STEM education to students of all ages.


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'My life: a slow clap progression, pace rising; to celebrate in the smallest finding - feels right to show admiration that grows,' Mark Grundy begins on "Slow Clap", the first track from Heaven For Real's sophomore full-length Energy Bar. Formed in 2012, and consisting of songwriter twins Mark and J. Scott Grundy (Quaker Parents) and their frequent collaborators, drummer Nathan Doucet and synth player/percussionist Cher Hann, the Toronto by way of Halifax project has been taking time to shape the follow-up to their 2016 Mint debut, Kill Your Memory. Springboarding from their early 2022 EP, Sweet Rose Green Winter Desk Top Tell This Side Autumn Of The Fighter Hot In A Cool Way, they describe the project as a "living collaboration", one that strives to compress life's truths into a distorted reflection of all of its facets. It's this that drives Energy Bar – a hyper, trash-compacted mosaic of the band ten years in that's simultaneously dreamlike and alive.
Recording the album with Jonas Bonnetta at Port William Sound, H4R aimed to cultivate an electrically charged live energy, which they fuse with rich and playful compositions. Tracks like "Lately" and "Energy Bar" are defined by tireless, wired drums, around which are woven buoyant guitar lines, sounding at times like the weirder shades of bands like Meat Puppets, Prefab Sprout and even early Cate Le Bon. Included too are hints of The Feelies, Mdou Moctar, Built To Spill and Cast; Heaven For Real's approach is an experimental one, yet one unafraid to embrace genre as a tool for expression.
"Slow Clap" introduces the themes of the record; those of winking affirmations, of accepting all the different angles of reality, and of keeping one's eyes open to the tactile physical world (Can You Believe It?). The lyrics here are incisive yet poetic, and you believe them when they opine: "I won't take the grit of confession way lightly." "Do Your Worst" is a meditation on frustration and dishonesty, while "Wait in the Doorway" is an oblique kind of love song. On album highlight "Years In My Mirage", a nervy, subtly-built tension is released into feverish guitar licks, while dissecting the brutal futility of chasing a preconceived path.
This is a rare kind of album, capturing with gentle truth the endless streams of wonder and failure that make up the everyday. There's a dense and mysterious world here, with grasps at brief moments of understanding before it all shifts again. They bookend the record with the closing track "Noon Riser": "We are more than all that we confess." "It's hard to admit what you are, and even then you are more than that. And that's hard too; but don't worry."
"Multiple spins reveal a fully functioning universe that becomes increasingly familiar as one's ear-holes begin to acclimate to the pressure changes." - James Christopher Monge, Allmusic
"These folks are creating artsy pop that has some peculiar qualities but is ultimately very listenable and TOTALLY addictive." - Babysue.com
RIYL: The Feelies, Mdou Moctar, Built To Spill, Cate Le Bon
Slow Clap
Do Your Worst
Wait In The Doorway
Further The Thrill
Underwater Song
Years In My Mirage
Noon Riser
Catalogue Number: MRL197
Formats: CD, LP, Digital, Cassette

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How Many Stars are Out There?
HomeBlogExploreHow Many Stars are Out There?
The numbers used in Astronomy are truly staggering. For starters, the Earth is about 25,000 miles around. The nearest star to us is–obviously–the sun, which is 93 million miles away. To travel that distance, you would have to circle the Earth nearly 4000 times! The larger the numbers get, the harder it gets to understand what they mean.
For example, if someone is a millionaire, they have at least a million dollars. If someone is a billionaire, they have at least a billion dollars. What is the difference between that million and billion? A factor of one thousand! That means that to be a billionaire, you have to make a million dollars one thousand times! Getting to trillions is similarly outrageous. To be a trillionaire, you would have to make a million dollars ONE MILLION TIMES!
Moving back to astronomy, the numbers naturally get even more difficult to understand! We learned from the video that our galaxy has around 300 billion stars! Remember how big a billion was!? Even when Max was typing 3,050,374 zeroes per day, he still had to go on for 270 years to type that many zeroes! Take into account that there are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in our universe, and things really start to get out of hand.
We estimate that the number of stars in the universe is around 70,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. Thats 70 sextillion, or 70 thousand million million million if that helps! For Max to type out that many zeroes would take 62,871,248,000,000 years (62 trillion!). Keep in mind that the accepted age of the universe is only 13.8 billion years. It would take Max over 1,000 times the age of the universe, just to type out the number of zeroes that there are stars in the universe!
Perhaps Neil Degrasse Tyson said it best: "There are more stars in the universe than grains of sand on any beach, more stars than seconds have passed since Earth formed, more stars than words and sounds ever uttered by all the humans who ever lived".
And it isn't particularly close. https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/universe/201367/cosmic-perspective?page=2
Tags: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Numbers, Stars
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Agatha Christie thriller at Weathervane offers surprises, action
October 10, 2019 by Nancy Cates
Nancy Cates is Guest Director for "And Then There Were None," which runs Oct. 17 through Nov. 3 at Weathervane Playhouse. What's the perfect addition to the ghosts and monsters of Halloween? A classic thriller by the Queen of Crime! Dame Agatha Christie is the bestselling novelist of all time. With a over a billion copies of her works sold in English, and a … [Read more...]
'Noises Off' actor offers 'second helping of sardines' for repeat role
May 16, 2019 by Jo McGarvey
Editor's note: - Jo McGarvey plays Dotty Otley/Mrs. Clackett in the "Noises Off," which plays now through May 26 at Weathervane Playhouse. The play-within-a-play that takes a peek behind the curtain as a troupe of second-rate British theater actors rehearses for a show called "Nothing On." Weathervane Playhouse is now producing the hilarious "Noises Off" by … [Read more...]
'[title of show]' at Weathervane serves up musical about writing a musical
April 25, 2019 by Chris Miller
"[title of show]," now appearing at the Weathervane Playhouse, takes an entertaining look at playwriting and the creative process. The one-act musical centers on an author and composer working toward a deadline for the New York Musical Festival; the production charts its own creation with uniquely self-aware references, along with taking pokes at theatre clichés. … [Read more...]
Role of Anne Frank brings message of hope, sadness to local actor
April 5, 2019 by Alaina Tennant
Alaina Tennant plays Anne Frank in the play "The Diary of Anne Frank," now appearing at Weathervane Playhouse through April 20. When I was in fourth grade, I read a book about Anne Frank. Back then, I saw her as a young girl who was very good at writing, so her diary was published into a book. But, I didn't understand the rest. The next year when we learned about the … [Read more...]
Performer finds new theatre family in Akron arts scene
January 16, 2019 by Tabitha Rox
Tabitha Rox appears in the romantic comedy, "Almost, Maine," which opens Jan. 17 at Weathervane Playhouse's Founders Theater. This past February, I made a major move from Orlando, Fla., back to Akron after spending 20 years in the sunshine. Moving across the country was difficult, but the hardest part, for me, was leaving my theatre family. Central Florida has an … [Read more...]
'Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat' returns to Weathervane Nov. 20
Weathervane Playhouse announces the return of "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" to the Founders Theater Nov. 20 through Dec. 22. Show times are Thursdays through Saturdays at 7:30 p.m. and Sundays at 2:30 p.m. There also will be five weekday matinee performances at 10 a.m. on Nov. 20 and 27, and Dec. 3, 11 and 18. With music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics … [Read more...]
Leading role leads to more risks, discoveries on stage for Weathervane actor
September 4, 2018 by Maxwell Rees
Maxwell Rees plays Christopher in "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time," which runs Sept. 6 through the 23 at Weathervane Playhouse. After Christopher finds himself standing beside his neighbor's dead dog, he's under suspicion and must solve the mystery of who murdered Wellington. When I auditioned for Weathervane's production of "The Curious Incident of the … [Read more...]
Weathervane internship leads to discovery of 'theatre family' for performer
June 7, 2018 by Melissa Tippin
'Into the Woods' runs through July 1 -- Melissa Tippin plays Cinderella in Weathervane Playhouse's production of "Into the Woods," which is now appearing through July 1 and brings to life popular storybook characters. I'm originally from a small town called Bryan, Ohio. It's your typical farming town where everyone knows everyone's business and you can't go to Walmart … [Read more...]
Language-driven 'Les Liaisons Dangereuses,' at Weathervane is difficult, enriching experience for actor
April 30, 2018 by Olivia Wimberly
Olivia Wimberly appears in Weathervane Playhouse's production of "Les Liaisons Dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons)," a tale of seduction and decadent morality amongst the wealthy aristocrats of pre-revolutionary France, which opens Thursday, May 3. As the saying goes, all is fair in love and war. Well, what happens when love is war? This is just one of the many themes we, … [Read more...]
Local performer rekindles musical theatre career for Weathervane's 'It Shoulda Been You' (Guest Blog)
March 21, 2018 by Ashley Berman
Editor's note: Ashley Berman appears in "It Shoulda Been You," March 22 through April 15 at Weathervane Playhouse. First thing… You want to see this show. If you like musicals, farces, love stories or dad jokes you will like this show. It is funny, sweet, touching and surprising. I cannot say enough about this talented cast, either. At the same time that they bring … [Read more...]


I've been back on Vancouver Island for 21 days now and started counting how many VW Westfalias I've seen. 205. That includes a few on the mainland I must admit. When we only counted one at the Vancouver airport Sam said "It's because people who have westies would rather drive than fly." So true.
Brenndan, Sam and I went up to Courtenay and visited Mimi, Dom, Lily and Jack who had been doing a LOT of deep frying and they saved the grease for me! All 50 gallons of it!
So, the entire time I was driving across the midwest I have been dreaming about finding an undammed river full of clear, sparkling water, maybe with some nice rocks to lie on, a little bit of shade and not too close to a lumber mill. In Montana and Wyoming I have been wondering when I will see stunning mountain vistas and breath in the aroma of the evergreen forests. Well, turns out I had to wait to get home to BC for all that. Shortly after crossing the Columbia river and then the border into Grand Forks, BC I saw the rivers I was looking for all around me. I stopped to swim in water 10 feet deep and so clear you could see the bottom, lined with smooth rocks and a sandy bottom. Basically, I found the best swimming hole, ever.


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Case report | Open | Published: 18 July 2017
Regression of multifocoal in transit melanoma metastases after palliative resection of dominant masses and 2 years after treatment with ipilimumab
Raphael B. Moreira1,
Lana Hamieh1,
Evisa Gjini2,
Ana Lako2,
Katherine M. Krajewski3,
Charles H. Yoon4 &
Patrick A. Ott1,2,5
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancervolume 5, Article number: 61 (2017) | Download Citation
Spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma and delayed responses more than one year after treatment with ipilimumab are rarely seen.
Here, we present the case of a patient with in transit metastases from cutaneous melanoma on his right lower extremity who achieved complete regression of all metastatic lesions 13 months after the first of two consecutive palliative resections of dominant masses and more than two years after treatment with ipilimumab.
The exact cause of our patient's sudden onset of tumor regression remains speculative. We hypothesize that the operative trauma followed by the postoperative infections augmented an innate immune response.
Immune checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat patients with advanced melanoma. We describe a case involving a patient that received ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). CTLA-4 is a cell surface receptor that negatively regulates the immune response and its blockade can influence anti-tumor T cell activity. Ipilimumab showed a survival benefit in Phase III trials involving patients with advanced melanoma [1, 2]. Durable tumor responses in patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab yielded a plateau in the survival curve at 21% starting at 3 years from study initiation [3]. Here, we present a patient with multifocal in-transit melanoma metastases who achieved spontaneous regression two years after completion of ipilimumab.
In October of 2012 an 84-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, COPD, hypertension, and venous insufficiency presented with multiple cutaneous nodules on his right leg. The lesions had been growing in size over the preceding 3 years (Fig. 1a). An excisional biopsy was performed and revealed a malignant melanoma with focal necrosis. The lesion was described as purple, tender, 2.7 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm in size. A PET/CT of the entire body demonstrated a dominant soft tissue mass lateral to the right fibular head with numerous additional soft tissue nodules extending from the right mid thigh anteriorly to the level of the ankle, compatible with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma metastases (Fig. 1b). There was no evidence for distant metastatic disease. BRAFV600 status was found to be wild-type. The patient was not deemed a candidate for hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion due to peripheral vascular disease and the perceived very high risk for development of distant metastatic disease. Between December 2012 and February 2013 the patient received 4 cycles of the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab, at the standard dose of 3 mg/kg given once every 3 weeks, which he intially tolerated well except for intermittent low-grade diarrhea and fatigue. In April 2013, he developed anemia with a hemoglobin of 6.7 g/dl requiring transfusions. An extensive work up including bone marrow biopsy suggested pure red cell aplasia, which is rare however has been previously described after treatment with CTLA-4 blockade [4], as the most likely etiology. The patient was treated with a pulse of dexamethasone for 4 days at 1 mg/kg-day, with no change in his transfusion requirements and no rise of the reticulocyte count, then intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), with no reticulocytosis and no normalization of his hemoglobin. His cytogenetics showed 5/20 cells positive for del(5q), consistent with myelodysplastic syndrome and he therefore received a course of lenalidomide between April and June 2013, which was eventually stopped 2nd to renal toxicity and substantial improvement of the anemia. His anemia was ultimately attributed to pure red cell aplasia, which was caused by ipilimumab and resolved over a period of 6 months despite documentation of 5q- myelodysplastic syndrome.
In transit metastases as evident clinically and on PET. a, b At baseline (October/November 2012). c, d Two years after the 2nd of 2 palliative surgical resections (September 2016)
Between December 2012 and December 2013 there was continued slow growth of the right lower extremity metastases. By January 2014 accelerated progression of disease with substantial increase in the size of pre-existent right lower extremity skin nodules as well as development of new nodules was noted. A nodule in the lateral right popliteal area enlarged to a size of ca. 4 cm over a few weeks and became ulcerated and chronically infected. The patient was not a candidate for a clinical trial using PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Given the lack of distant metastatic disease and the absence of compelling systemic treatment options, in February 2014 a palliative resection of the fast growing dominant nodule was performed. The patient had a complicated postoperative course with wound dehiscence and recurring infections requiring intense wound care over a period of 3 months. During the protracted postoperative course there was further growth of multiple skin metastases with emergence of new lesions both clinically and on restaging scans while no distant metastases were evident. Another palliative resection of a fast growing nodule on the right medial knee was performed in August 2014. By November 2014, almost 2 years after the first treatment with ipilimumab and 9 months after the first of 2 palliative resections, the patient noted shrinkage of several skin nodules. A restaging PET/CT performed in December 2014 showed a mixed response. By March 2015 (2 years after completion of ipilimumab) all non-resected in transit metastases had completely disappeared clinically; radiographically, in May 2015 there was a continued mixed response with most lesions reduced in size. By August 2016, all in transit metastases had resolved both clinically and radiographically and the patient remains in a complete clinical and radiographic response (Fig. 1c, d). Dual immunohistochemical staining of CD3 and CD8 with the melanoma marker SOX10 demonstrated brisk infiltration with CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in both surgically resected in transit metastases, suggesting a T cell mediated immune response against the tumor in both samples (Fig. 2). The metastasis which was resected in February 2014 was highly necrotic with some areas of viable tumor as evident by SOX10 staining, whereas no necrosis was seen in the metastasis that was removed in August 2014.
Melanoma surgical resection specimens were co-stained for CD3/SOX10 and CD8/SOX10, respectively. a CD3/SOX10, c, CD8/SOX10 staining of tumor resected in Feb of 2014. b CD3/SOX10, d, CD8/SOX10 staining of tumor resected in August of 2014
We describe the case of an 84 year old man who presented with multiple in transit melanoma metastases on his right lower extremity that did not respond to ipilimumab, but eventually completely regressed, almost 2 years after the initial dose of ipilimumab, following two serial palliative resections of dominant masses that had became ulcerated and painful. Delayed tumor responses have been reported in melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. The observation of delayed response kinetics and unusual response patterns with immunotherapy have lead to the development of immune related response criteria [5, 6]. These response patterns can include transient increases in baseline tumor lesions or development of new metastases. Nevertheless, a delay of almost 2 years between the first ipilimumab dose and the regression of in transit metastases would be highly unusual. The fact that the tumor responses were observed shortly after the palliative resection that resulted in infectious wound healing complications suggests that a tumor specific immune response was triggered by these interventions. While spontaneous regression of primary melanomas is not an uncommon event, spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma is exceedingly rare [7, 8]. A report by Kalialis et al. collected only 76 cases from the literature since 1866 [8]. Operative trauma has previously been associated with spontaneous regression of metastatic melanoma lesions. Furthermore, it is known that regression of cancers can occur in the context of infection, especially those caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, first reported by William Coley. Mimicking this situation deliberately by injecting patients with streptococcus lead to regression of sarcomas in a case series [9]. These early observations have been interpreted as the initial evidence for the potential of immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer. Notably in a review of 68 melanoma regression cases, 21 were led by a febrile episode, of which 9 were associated to erysipelas [10].
Although the exact cause of our patient's sudden onset of tumor regression, eventually leading to disappearance of all clinically and radiographically evident tumors, remains speculative, an immune related mechanism seems most plausible. We hypothesize that the operative trauma followed by the postoperative infections triggered an innate immune response similiar to a microbial immune adjuvant such as a Toll Like Receptor or a STING agonist [11, 12]. Notably, these and other strategies that are aimed at de novo induction of inflammation in the tumor such as radiotherapy or the recently approved oncolytic virus Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), which have provided evidence for systemic anti-tumor activity and are in clinical investigation either as monotherapy or with immune checkpoint inhibition [13, 14]. For our patient, it is intriguing to speculate that his exposure to ipilimumab almost 2 years prior to the onset of tumor regression also contributed to the tumor response.
Dual immunohistochemical staining of CD3 (DAKO, A0452, 1:250) and CD8 (Dako, M7103, 1:200) with the melanoma marker SOX10 (EP 268, Cell Marque, 1:1500) was performed using an automated staining system (Bond III, Leica Biosystems, Buffalo Grove, IL) according to the manufacturer's protocol, as previously described [15].
COPD:
CT:
Computerized tomography
CTLA-4:
Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4
Programmed death-1
Programmed death ligand 1
PET/CT:
Positron emission tomography computerized tomography
T-VEC:
Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):711–23.
Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, O'Day S, Weber J, Garbe C, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(26):2517–26.
Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, Weber JS, Margolin K, Hamid O, et al. Pooled Analysis of Long-Term Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(17):1889–94.
Gordon IO, Wade T, Chin K, Dickstein J, Gajewski TF. Immune-mediated red cell aplasia after anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(8):1351–3.
Wolchok JD, Hoos A, O'Day S, Weber JS, Hamid O, Lebbe C, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: immune-related response criteria. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(23):7412–20.
Di Giacomo AM, Danielli R, Guidoboni M, Calabro L, Carlucci D, Miracco C, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, in patients with metastatic melanoma unresponsive to prior systemic treatments: clinical and immunological evidence from three patient cases. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(8):1297–306.
Requena C, Botella-Estrada R, Traves V, Nagore E, Almenar S, Guillen C. Problems in defining melanoma regression and prognostic implication. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100(9):759–66.
Kalialis LV, Drzewiecki KT, Klyver H. Spontaneous regression of metastases from melanoma: review of the literature. Melanoma Res. 2009;19(5):275–82.
Coley WB. The Treatment of Inoperable Sarcoma by Bacterial Toxins (the Mixed Toxins of the Streptococcus erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus). Proc R Soc Med. 1910;3(Surg Sect):1–48.
Maurer SKK. Spontaneous regression of advanced melanoma. Onkologie. 1998;21:14–8.
Adams S. Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer therapy. Immunotherapy. 2009;1(6):949–64.
Corrales L, McWhirter SM, Dubensky TW Jr, Gajewski TF. The host STING pathway at the interface of cancer and immunity. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(7):2404–11.
Postow MA, Callahan MK, Barker CA, Yamada Y, Yuan J, Kitano S, et al. Immunologic correlates of the abscopal effect in a patient with melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(10):925–31.
Ott PA, Hodi FS. Talimogene Laherparepvec for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(13):3127–31.
Roemer MG, Advani RH, Redd RA, Pinkus GS, Natkunam Y, Ligon AH, et al. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma with Reduced beta2M/MHC Class I Expression Is Associated with Inferior Outcome Independent of 9p24.1 Status. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016;4(11):910–6.
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to individual privacy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Raphael B. Moreira
, Lana Hamieh
& Patrick A. Ott
Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
Evisa Gjini
, Ana Lako
Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Katherine M. Krajewski
Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Charles H. Yoon
Melanoma Disease Center & Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
Patrick A. Ott
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PAO, RB, and LH drafted the manuscript. CY helped to draft the manuscript and participated in the care of the patient. KMK provided and analyzed data and helped to draft the manuscript. PAO conceived of the report, helped to draft the manuscript, and coordinated the care for the patient. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Correspondence to Patrick A. Ott.
Clinical data for this case report were collected under institutional review board approval.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.
PAO reports grants and personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, CytomX, Celldex, and Merck, personal fees from Amgen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech, and grants from AztraZeneca/MedImmune, outside of the submitted work. All other authors have no competing interests.
Antibody therapy


text:
Coronavirus In Colorado
KUNC is here to keep you up-to-date on the news about COVID-19 — the disease caused by the novel coronavirus — Colorado's response to its spread in our state and its impact on Coloradans.
Look For The Helpers: Retired CU Music Professor Brings Show To Seniors
KUNC | By Stacy Nick
Published March 30, 2020 at 5:56 PM MDT
Courtesy Bob Spillman
In times of distress, a quote from Mr. Rogers often comes up: "When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, 'Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.'"
In a recurring segment, KUNC is collecting stories of local "helpers," people who are going above and beyond to aid others during this time of crisis.
Bob Spillman has been playing piano since he was 4 years old.
"My mother played a little bit and I would sit next to her on the bench," said Spillman, 84, who began playing professionally at the age of 17. Later, he went on to teach music, including at the University of Colorado - Boulder, where he was chair of the piano faculty and music director of the opera program.
Now retired, he resides at The Carillon at Boulder Creek senior living community. He also still performs, including occasional concerts in the center's atrium. So when the center was locked down due to concerns over the spread of COVID-19, he decided that the show must go on.
My grandfather, who just celebrated his 84th birthday, was supposed to be attending a music conference in Quebec right now, but instead is playing in front of his retirement community in Boulder, CO for other residents in quarantine. #Covid_19 pic.twitter.com/h6aKkRlMmr
— Isadora Schappell (@IzzySchappell) March 20, 2020
Spillman performs two half-hour outdoor concerts back to back — one for the residents whose balconies are on the front part of the building, and then another for those on the back.
"This is what I can do to help people out," Spillman said. "I can't be on the front line or give millions of dollars to this, that or the other thing. But people like to hear me play and I can do that."
Composing music helps keep his mind from dwelling too much on the state of the world. Currently he's setting a series of Emily Dickinson poems to music.
"It is time consuming," he said. "If I ever find myself just sitting around I say, 'well, I can get back to composing!'"
If you know of a local "helper" making a difference right now, contact KUNC reporter Stacy Nick at stacy.nick@kunc.org.
Arts & Life Series: The HelpersCOVID-19CoronavirusMusic Interviews
Stacy was KUNC's arts and culture reporter from 2015 to 2021.
See stories by Stacy Nick
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A popular meme going around social media right now includes a quote from Mr. Rogers: "When I was a young boy and I would see scary things in the news, my…


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Two car bombs explode near Syrian state TV headquarters in Damascus
SANA said the building located at the Syrian capital's Umayyad Square was damaged in the blast.(Courtesy: alyawmnews.com)
Published: 13 October ,2013: 12:00 AM GST Updated: 20 May ,2020: 10:42 AM GST
Two car bombs have exploded near Syria's state television headquarters in central Damascus, the state news agency (SANA) reported on Sunday.
SANA said the building located at the Syrian capital's Umayyad Square was damaged in the blast.
"Two terrorist car bombs driven by suicide bombers detonated at the entrance of Ummayed Square," the agency said.
No casualties were reported at the moment.
The agency revealed that the explosions on Sunday evening are believed to be a result of a double car bombing.
Footage of the scene broadcast by the government-run Al-Ikhbariya TV showed fires burning and smoke rising over the site as firefighters worked to put them out.
A local reporter made no mention of any injuries in the blast, saying only that "there were some human remains at the scene, likely those of a suicide bomber".
The explosions occurred only a few kilometers from the hotel where a team of international experts from the Organization from the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the United Nations are staying.
(With the Associated Press and AFP)
state media
Syria state news agency under hacker attack
State news agency SANA said on Friday it and other government websites in conflict-plagued Syria have come under attack by hackers, complicating ... Digital
Car bomb kills women and children in Syria's south
A number of people, including women and children, were killed in Damascus' southern town of Kanaker on Wednesday, Syrian state television ... Middle East


text:
Soderholm reflects on years with Clayton Museum
Walking through the unfinished basement of the Mackey Center in 2013, Amber Soderholm '10 remembered smashing pumpkins and playing broom hockey there as a student. The concrete floors and bare walls made 'The Underground' the perfect spot for messy or potentially destructive activities. It was dark, dingy, and cluttered with everything from artificial Christmas trees to extra cafeteria equipment.
"How am I supposed to turn this into a museum?" she wondered. The task was daunting.
However, Soderholm rose to the challenge. In September 2015, amid much fanfare and with the help of an honor guard of Roman centurion reenactors, the Clayton Museum of Ancient History was opened to the public. Since that time, Soderholm has continued to improve on the museum, adding a children's interactive exhibit; offering classes in pottery and mosaics; bringing in guest speakers; and planning special events and exhibits.
In the past two years, more than 10,000 visitors have explored the collection of artifacts so impressively displayed where once pumpkins were smashed and Christmas trees gathered dust.
Soderholm has been working with the Clayton Museum collection since 2013, first as a consultant and then as the curator and museum designer. "It was a learning experience," she said. "Most of my experience up to that point had been with historic homes and working with a supervisor, someone I could go to with questions." With this project, she had a collection of artifacts from many places and times, and the responsibility for planning how they would be displayed as well as cared for. Soderholm enlisted the talents of friend and local artist, Kate Fitch, as well as her father, Robert Soderholm.
Fitch brought the designer's eye and Robert Soderholm brought the construction skills. What did she bring? "All the crazy ideas," she said with a laugh. "I would think of something that I wanted to do, but had no idea how to make it happen. Together we would figure it out." One of the biggest challenges was trying to contextualize the artifacts so that museum-goers would have a deeper appreciation of the eclectic collection, from silver shekels to roman military equipment to Syro-Hittite figurines.
The biggest take-away from her experience has been never to say never, said Soderholm. "Sometimes you limit yourself. You think 'that's not possible' when really, it is possible, if you just keep trying and wait for things to work out."
Her favorite part of the job with the Clayton Museum has been the introduction of the children's programming. "It's been fun to see kids' interest come alive in the interactive area and to see where their imaginations take them," she said. She has a team of 15 Junior Docents, whom she works with on a weekly basis. "I wanted to teach them how to research and how to talk about an object and its historical context, and to give them a glimpse of what goes on behind the scenes at a museum," she said.
The Junior Docents have led museum tours at special events such as the Ides of March dinner last spring. They will host a special night at the museum on Thursday, December 14 at 6:30 p.m. All are invited to visit the museum for this free event and to enjoy the Junior Docents explanations of the artifacts.
A temporary exhibit on Martin Luther is currently on display as well. Soderholm says she has been surprised at the popularity of the exhibit and the lecture event that accompanied it. This exhibit will remain up through the end of the year, commemorating the 500th anniversary of the Reformation Movement.
In January, Soderholm will start a new adventure as visitor services coordinator at The Grove Museum in Tallahassee, Florida. While she admits she will miss the people the museum has brought into her life and York, the new opportunity is thrilling. The Grove Museum is a historic home on ten acres in the heart of Tallahassee, next door to the Governor's mansion. The museum has just undergone considerable renovation and reopened to the public in March 2017. Soderholm is excited about working with an historic home again (her previous experience was at The Hermitage in Nashville, former home of President Andrew Jackson). Her hope for the Clayton Museum is that it continues to grow and be a vibrant resource for history lovers of all ages for many years to come.
Junior Docents (left to right): Claire Uhler, Calleigh Lones, Ellee Tandy, Bella Robison, Kelliegh Skaggs, Kiyzlier Skaggs, Emma Uhler, Brody Booth, Cooper Lones, Kaewyn Robison, Emma Tremaine, Simeon Tremaine, Dominick Tandy, Thomas Bonde, James Bonde


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AXELOS, the organisation behind PRINCE2 and ITIL, has launched a Continuing Professional Development scheme as part of its Professional Development Programme.
Women in engineering will be a key focus area for the Board of Professional Engineers of Queensland with the announcement of its partnership with QUT.
When you learn about project management, make sure you move beyond the basics and transform your skills from awareness to mastery. Michelle La Brosse believes accelerated learning is the quickest way.


Here is a picture of the Rio Carbon MP3 Player guts. Control components on the left, Microdrive in the middle, and the rechargeable Lithium Ion Battery on the right.
Anyone knows where to get a replacement if this one ever goes out?
Do you know the exact model�?
I want to use the microdrive for my powershot S1 IS, can I replace the microdrive with a 512 Mo Compact flash?
Let me know if the Seagate 5 GB drive works in your PowerShot S1 IS.
"We determined why flash cards (and maybe some HDDs) don't work - it's because they do not support the IDE flush cache command - we send this to the drive before spinning it down to ensure the drive's write cache is empty.
"This is why the player appears to work fine, then reboots a few seconds later - it's the point at which the player is spinning down the disk.
"It's possible the handling of this command will be changed in future releases which should mean it's compatible with many more flash cards, but I have to say it's not exactly a big priority for us!"
I am successfully using the Rio Carbon 5GB drive in my Canon S1 IS. I just inserted it and formatted in in the camera using the camera's memory card options. I haven't used it for very long. I'm guessing battery life will go down some and write speeds will be a little slower. But man! I just increased my capacity by 10x!
Hey, that's great! Did you just get the Rio Carbon recently? Or did you have it for a while now?
Just wanted to know if the new ones shipping contains camera compatible Microdrives.
If I bought a new sealed Rio Carbon and do not use it years down the road is the battery going to be dead. I have several Carbons four to be exact. If you never have used the battery does it stay in a dormant state. If the chemicals are never mixed by charging will it be good if I open it after the other four Carbons batteries die say some five years down the road..
Has anyone 'carbonized' units lately...?
I have a Rio Carbon 2.5 GB and it stopped working. I opened it and replaced the Li-ion battery with a 4,8 power source and it worked. I wanna know where can I get a new Li-ion battery so I can replace the other one.
What is the physical size (in mm) of the Rio Carbon battery?
6mm x 19mm x 47mm.
Anyone know if the voltage etc. is standard, and if a similar or close enough replacement can be had in retail?
* Any solid-state CompactFlash memory " from Chieh Cheng's earlier post, as it is obviously wrong. Don't be afraid to experiment ladies and gents, most places have a pretty liberal return policy if you can't get it to work.
I found a Rio Carbon with a dead battery. To test I removed the old battery and replaced it with an "exterior" 3xAA battery holder. I am using 3 AA Ni-Mh rechargeable batteries. So far the batteries have lasted 6 hours of playback. It looks ugly and it's big but it proofs the idea. Any 3.7V battery (3 x 1.2V too)would work.
I am looking for a Li-ion battery to replace the original one. There's nothing that small in the market, so I am thinking to use an iPOD one ($12) and "mount" it outside the player.
I'll post more details as I go further.
I did the same thing, replacing the dead battery with 4 AA batteries (4.8V). The Rio Player worked fine, but when I plugged it on my PC, the windows did not recognize the hardware. So I tried to reinstall the software and It didn'd work. Have you plugged your Rio Player on your PC with the 3 AA batteries, and did it work?
It did work and I was able to access the drive.
try conditioning the battery. i have not used my carbon for a long time. and it shows only a quarter capacity. so i have been conditioning it for the part few weeks. a few days ago, i listened to it while driving to work. apparently i forgot to turn it off after getting to work, because when i came out six hours later, it is still playing.
To condition the battery, charge the battery all the way up, then Discharge fully by running it all the way down. repeat the process many times. i probably did it over ten times in several weeks. make sure you charge and discharge continuously without stopping. otherwise you are basically conditioning your battery to run for short period of time.
The microdrive in my Rio Carbon Pearl stopped working properly, so I think I'll buy a CompactFlash card to put in there instead. But first, I wanted to find out which cards would work, so I asked one of the two web shops in my country (Sweden) that sold that exact hard disk model, what cards I should be able to replace the microdrive with.
"It was a while ago I studied CF cards, but if I remember it correctly, type 2 meant that the card communicated as a hard drive, while type 1 was communication of modem type. It means that you can safely use any memory card, but that it would be a waste of money to invest in the newer HighSpeed cards."
Note that those are not my words, and that I do not know if the information is correct.
I put in a Sandisk Ultra II Compact Flash 2GB, and it works perfectly!
I've had four different Carbons, and I haven't been able to use any of them more than approximately five hours before having to charge them again. But after putting in the flash card, I installed the unofficial firmware "Developer's Cut 3.04", switched the dB limiter off, and let it play at highest volume until it died. The battery lasted for more than 15 hours! Two other good things: Transferring files goes faster than before, and the card doesn't get warm.
Thanks Tim! That's excellent information. I will upgrade to that drive when my dies. Maybe try the 4 GB or the 8 GB version.
Excerpt: I took the Seagate 5GB ST1 Microdrive out of a Rio Carbon and inserted it into the PCMCIA slot on my Windows XP notebook, but the drive does not show up in "My Computer". So I looked at the Device Manager and it shows the "PCMCIA IDE/ATAPI Controller" driver, but no driver for the disk drive itself. . . .
Excerpt: Hi. I have a Rio Carbon 5 Gb mp3 player. The player worked properly since last week. Now when I swich on appear the Rio logo and after writes UPGRADER. If I put to charge it`s doesn`t charging. I tried the emergency reset but it`s doesn`t worked. I reed the pdf file at the Rio homepage then I t . . .
Excerpt: My kid has a Rio Carbon that must have fallen. The volume wheel is now loose. The device works otherwise. Does this mean that the wheel is broken or did it just come loose? How do you open the case? Thanks for your help.


text:
Алексей Абрамович Стрижаченко (17 марта 1911 — 3 марта 1989) — советский военнослужащий, участник Великой Отечественной войны, командир батальона 1118-го стрелкового полка, капитан. Герой Советского Союза.

Биография
Родился 4 марта 1911 года в селе Белозорье ныне Черкасского района Черкасской области в семье служащего. Украинец. Член ВКП(б)/КПСС с 1942 года. Рано лишился отца и с 1928 года работал на железной дороге. В 1930 году решением Смелянского райкома комсомола был направлен секретарём комсомольской организации поселенческой коммуны «Новая жизнь» Териктинского района Уральской области Казахстана.

В 1933 году призван в армию. Служил в кавалерии, окончил полковую школу и был назначен старшиной пулемётного эскадрона. В 1935 году после службы вернулся в колхоз «Новая жизнь». Работал заместителем председателя колхоза. Окончил кооперативный техникум в городе Алма-Ата. Был назначен заместителем председателя Бурлинского районного потребительского союза.

Участник советско-финской войны 1939—1940 годов. Вновь призван в августе 1941 года. В 1942 году окончил Тамбовское кавалерийское училище. На фронте в Великую Отечественную войну с августа 1942 года. Прошёл путь от командира роты до командира стрелкового полка. Дважды ранен.

19 ноября 1942 года командир роты лейтенант Стрижаченко получил приказ: в ночном штурме захватить станицу Головскую. Он принял решение двигаться к станице походной колонной. Гитлеровские солдаты при свете ракет увидели как по дороге уверенно идёт колонна и приняли их за своих. Когда рота вошла в село, Стрижаченко подал сигнал, и колонна развернулась в боевой порядок. Враг, не ожидавший такого, начал беспорядочно отступать и сдаваться в плен. В селе оказались и штабы двух вражеских дивизий. В этом ночном бою были взяты в плен командование дивизий, 90 офицеров, 1020 солдат, большое количество оружия и боеприпасов. За успешное выполнение приказа по захвату станицы Головской Стрижаченко был награждён орденом Отечественной войны 1-й степени.

Командир батальона 1118-го стрелкового полка капитан Стрижаченко в ночь на 26 сентября 1943 года в числе первых преодолел Днепр в районе села Петро-Свистуново и атаковал немецкие траншеи. В рукопашной схватке уничтожил из автомата десять противников. Захватив плацдарм, батальон в течение пяти суток отражал контратаки противника.

Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 19 марта 1944 года за мужество, отвагу и героизм, капитану Стрижаченко Алексею Абрамовичу присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза с вручением ордена Ленина и медали «Золотая Звезда».

В 1944 году окончил Военную академию имени М. В. Фрунзе. С 1946 года майор Стрижаченко — в запасе. Жил в городе Алма-Ата. Умер 3 марта 1989 года.

 Семья
Старший брат Героя Социалистического Труда Ивана Стрижаченко.

Награды
Награждён орденами Ленина, Красного Знамени, Отечественной войны 1-й и 2-й степеней, медалями.

Примечания

Литература

 Они отстояли мир. — Днепропетровск: Промінь, 1985.

Ссылки

Командиры батальонов в Великой Отечественной войне
Участники советско-финляндской войны (1939—1940)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
NSG database targets ringers
The National Salvage Group has launched a new database designed to consign ringers and irreparable vehicles to the scrap heap rather than being illegally returned to the road.
Ringing, the practice of giving a crash damaged car a new identity and selling it on as a clean vehicle, is rife in the motor industry. It costs the salvage industry and consumers thousands of pounds a year, and can lead to injuries and death.
NSG claims one in seven cars checked by HPI has been written off and one in three has a hidden history.
The NSGenius database, set up with the support of Merseyside Police, can be accessed by the police, insurers and NSG members. It classifies more than 500,000 vehicles, ranging from whether they should have been destroyed to whether they were repairable.
The Association of British Insurers says 550,000 cars a year are written off.
NSG general manager Alison Carey said: "We believe our database will go a long way towards helping rid the motor salvage industry of irresponsible and criminal activity."


text:
Lee R. Bone, M.P.H.
Joint Appointment in Medicine
Urban health care; Cardiovascular diseases; Indigenous health; Interventions; Diabetes; Cancer; Community-based health programs; Health disparities; Tobacco control; Control of hypertension in high-risk communities ...read more
Professor Lee Bone is an associate professor of health, behavior and society at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She holds a joint appointment at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and health of urban African-American populations.
She is currently engaged in studying the barriers to smoking cessation in inner-city African American young adults.
Professor Bone received her M.P.H. from Johns Hopkins. She earned her registered nursing degree from Columbia University.
Professor Bone is the associate editor of the journal Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education and Action. Her work has been recognized with the 2012 Johns Hopkins University Crenson-Hertz Award for Community-Based Learning and Participatory Research and the 2011 American Public Health Association Tom Bruce Award in Community-Based Public Health.
Medicine - General Internal Medicine
Prevention of Youth Violence, Center for the
Urban Health Institute
Professor Bone's research has focused on health promotion in underserved urban African American populations using community-based participatory approaches in randomized clinical trials to test the efficacy and program effectiveness of interventions, including the use of supervised indigenous community health workers. Her research focuses on the sustainability of interventions and improving communications strategies using electronic education. These studies include cardiovascular disease, and CVD risk factors, diabetes and cancer detection and control.
Gary TL, Batts-Turner M, Yeh H, Hill-Briggs F, Bone LR, Wang N, Levine DM, Powe NR, Saudek CD, Hill MN, McGuire M, Brancati FL. "The effects of a nurse case manager and a community health worker team on diabetic control, emergency department visits and hospitalizations among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(19):1788-1794. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.338.
Brown JD, Bone LR, Gillis L, Treherne L, Lindamood K, Marsden L. "Service learning to impact homelessness: the result of academic and community collaboration." Public Health Reports. 2006; 121:343-348.
Baptiste-Roberts K, Gary TL, Bone LR, Hill MN, Brancati FL. "Perceived body image among African Americans with type 2 diabetes." Patient Education and Counseling. 2006;194-200.
Han H, Kim MT, Rose L, Dennison C, Bone L, Hill MN. "Effects of stressful life events in young black men with high blood pressure." Ethnicity and Disease. 2006;16:64-70.
Brownstein JN, Bone LR, Dennison C, Hill MN, Kim M, Levine DM. "Community health workers as interventionists in the prevention and control of heart disease and stroke." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005; 29:128-133.
Hill-Briggs F, Gary TL, Bone LR, Hill MN, Levine DM, Brancati FL. "Medication adherence and diabetes control in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes." Health Psychology. 2005 Jul;24(4):349-57.
Hill-Briggs F, Gary TL, hill MN, Bone LR, Brancati FL. "Health-related quality of life in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes." J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17:412-419.
Academic Affiliations & Courses
Courses and Syllabi
Graduate Seminar in Community-Based Research (410.861.01)
Introduction to Community-Based Participatory Research: Principles and Methods (410.631.01)
Health and Homelessness (410.610.01)
Activities & Honors
Crenson-Hertz Award for Community Based Learning and Participatory Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2012
Tom Bruce Award in Community Based Public Health, American Public Health Association, 2011
Martin Luther King Jr. Award for Community Service, Johns Hopkins University, 1993
Associate Editor, Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education and Action


text:
Элизабет «Бет» Кимберли Твиддл (, родилась 1 апреля 1985 года в Йоханнесбурге) — британская гимнастка, шестикратная чемпионка Европы, трёхкратная чемпионка мира, бронзовый призёр Олимпийских игр 2012 года в соревнованиях на разновысоких брусьях. Первая гимнастка в истории Великобритании, завоевавшая медали и ставшая чемпионкой Европы и мира; по мнению многих экспертов, одна из лучших гимнасток Великобритании за всю историю. Семикратная чемпионка Великобритании, не отдававшая пальму первенства в течение семи лет (с 2001 по 2007 годы).

Биография

Ранние годы
Родилась в Йоханнесбурге, в Южно-Африканской Республике, где временно работал её отец. В возрасте полутора лет перебралась в Великобританию с родителями. Детство провела в Банбери (Чешир), в возрасте 7 лет начала заниматься спортивной гимнастикой в Ливерпуле в составе команды «Крю энд Нэтвич», в 1994 году была включена в состав сборной Великобритании. С 1997 года она выступает за команду «Ливерпуль», где сейчас тренируется восходящая звезда британской гимнастики Ханна Уэлан. В 2001 году Элизабет завоевала титул чемпионки Великобритании впервые в своей карьере, который удерживала вплоть до 2007 года. В составе своей команды пять раз она завоёвывала золотые медали в командном первенстве Великобритании. Окончила Королевскую школу в Честере.

Начало гимнастической карьеры: 2001—2004
Первым турниром для Элизабет стал чемпионат мира 2001 года: на дебютном соревновании Бет выступила не совсем удачно, став 24-й в многоборье и 9-й в командном первенстве. Но уже в 2002 году Твиддл завоевала бронзовую награду на чемпионате Европы в греческом городе Патрас, которая стала первой наградой для Великобритании на чемпионатах Европы. В том же году на чемпионате мира Твиддл совершила прогресс, заняв 4-е место на разновысоких брусьях. А на Играх Содружества 2002 года, представляя Англию, и вовсе одержала победу на этом снаряде (плюс ко всему серебряные медали в многоборье и командном первенстве).

В 2003 году брусья принесли Элизабет бронзовую награду на чемпионате мира, которая стала также первой для Великобритании, в 2004 году на чемпионате Европы этот же снаряд принёс Бет «серебро» на чемпионате Европы; в командном первенстве она стала пятой. Эти победы позволили Элизабет попасть на Летние Олимпийские игры 2004 года. В Афинах Твиддл выступила неудачно, став 11-й в командных соревнованиях, а в многоборье только 19-й. В финале Кубка мира 2004 года, проходившего в Бирмингеме, Твдилл выиграла снова «серебро» на брусьях, а в вольных упражнениях стала 5-й.

Величайшие победы: 2005—2008
2005 год для Твиддл был не столь удачным: травма не позволила ей успешно выступить на чемпионате Европы 2005 года, хотя она успешно прошла квалификацию во всех видах соревнований. На чемпионате мира 2005 года последствия травмы продолжили сказываться: она стала только 4-й в вольных упражнениях, а на брусьях завоевала «бронзу». Из-за травмы Элизабет снялась с дальнейших соревнований и вынуждена была пропустить Игры Содружества 2006. Впрочем, в 2006 году она после восстановления одержала победу на брусьях в рамках чемпионата Европы и стала первой британкой-чемпионкой Европы.

В октябре 2006 года ей покорился и чемпионат мира: оценка выступления на брусьях в 16.200 баллов принесла ей золотую медаль на первенстве мира в датском Орхусе. Победа стала сенсационной не только благодаря превосходному выступлению Элизабет, но и благодаря отсутствию фаворитки турнира, Насти Люкин, которая на брусьях стала только 5-й, а во время соревнований в многоборье и вовсе упала с брусьев. Наконец, Элизабет выиграла и Кубок мира 2006 года в рамках соревнований на брусьях.

В июле 2007 год Твиддл выиграла седьмой титул чемпионки Европы, а затем в составе сборной на чемпионате мира вышла на Олимпиаду в Пекине, хотя и осталась без медалей. На чемпионате Европы 2008 года в апреле Элизабет завоевала серебряную медаль в вольных упражнениях, а на брусьях стала только четвёртой. Вторая Олимпиада стала чуточку успешнее для Бет: 4-е место на брусьях при оценки в 16.625 баллов.

Закат карьеры: 2009–2013

Чемпионат Европы 2009 года стал успешным для Элизабет: она завоевала золотые награды и в вольных упражнениях, и на брусьях, а также одержала победы в тех же программах на Гран-При Глазго. На чемпионате мира в Лондоне, прошедшем в том же году, на брусьях Элизабет не справилась и не попала в финал, но в вольных упражнениях ей не было равных. 31 декабря 2009 года Элизабет Твиддл стала кавалером Ордена Британской империи

Успех чемпионата Европы она повторила через год в Бирмингеме, выиграв параллельно и серебро в командных соревнованиях. На чемпионате мира 2010 года в Роттердаме произошла ситуация, похожая на лондонскую с точностью до наоборот: неудача в вольных упражнениях и победа на брусьях. На следующий год она одержала победу в Берлине на разновысоких брусьях, став одной из самых возрастных участниц чемпионата Европы. На первенстве Англии в марте 2012 года Твиддл продемонстрировала самую сложную программу в своей карьере на брусьях. На Кубке Международной федерации гимнастики в Дохе в 2012 году она завоевала золото.

Олимпийские игры 2012 года в Лондоне принесли долгожданную награду Элизабет: бронзовая медаль на разновысоких брусьях. В квалификации Элизабет уверенно лидировала с оценкой в 16.133 балла, в финальной части она набрала 15.916 баллов, уступив второе место китаянке Хэ Кэсинь и россиянке Алие Мустафиной. В вольных упражнениях она стала 9-й, но отправилась в резервный состав.

В 2013 году Элизабет объявила об уходе из большого спорта.

Вне гимнастики
Элизабет Твиддл окончила Ливерпульский университет имени Джона Мурса в 2007 году по специальности «Здоровье и прикладные общественные науки». По окончании карьеры она планирует стать физиотерапевтом. В 2006 году она заняла третье место в рейтинге телеканала BBC «Спортсмен года», став первой британской гимнасткой, вошедшей в этот почётный список. Участвовала в восьмом сезоне шоу «Танцы на льду», в котором одержала победу вместе с ; в девятом сезоне того же шоу выступала с  и заняла итоговое 3-е место.

У Элизабет есть брат Джеймс, который старше её на три года.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт Элизабет Твиддл
 Профиль на сайте Международной федерации гимнастики
 Интервью

Члены ордена Британской империи
Гимнасты Великобритании
Бронзовые призёры летних Олимпийских игр 2012 года
Гимнасты на летних Олимпийских играх 2004 года
Гимнасты на летних Олимпийских играх 2008 года
Гимнасты на летних Олимпийских играх 2012 года
Чемпионы мира по спортивной гимнастике
Чемпионы Европы по спортивной гимнастике
Чемпионы Игр Содружества по спортивной гимнастике


GEHA is a niche brand that has a unique positioning in the health and dental insurance marketplace. They serve federal government employees and compete against the big boys like Blue Cross, Aetna, MetLife and others. This is truly a David vs. Goliath story, so we do everything we can to look and sound vividly different during the "open season" period in Washington, D.C. Guess who won?


View Jeremiah 7 in the note window.
7:4 Trust ye not in a lying words, saying, The temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, [are] these.
(a) Believe not the false prophets, who say that for the temple's sake, and the sacrifices there the Lord will preserve you, and so nourish you in your sin, and vain confidence.
7:7 Then b will I cause you to dwell in this place, in the land that I gave to your fathers, for ever and ever.
(b) God shows on what condition he made his promise to this temple that they would be a holy people to him, as he would be a faithful God to them.
7:11 Is this house, which is called by my name, become c a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, even I have seen [it], saith the LORD.
(c) As thieves hidden in holes and dens think themselves safe, so when you are in my temple, you think to be covered with the holiness of it, and that I cannot see your wickedness, (Mt 21:13).
7:12 But go ye now to my place which [was] in Shiloh, d where I set my name at the first, and see what I did to it for the wickedness of my people Israel.
(d) Because they depended so much on the temple, which was for his promise, that he would be present and defend them where the ark was, he sends them to God's judgments against Shiloh, where the ark had remained about 300 years, and after was taken, the priests slain, and the people miserably discomfited, (1Sa 4:11, Jer 26:6).
(e) That is, I never ceased to warn you, as in (Isa 65:2, Pro 1:23).
(f) He shows the only remedy to redress our faults: to allow God to lead us in the way, and to obey his calling, (Isa 66:4).
7:15 And I will cast g you out of my sight, as I have cast out all your brethren, [even] the whole seed of Ephraim.
(g) I will send you into captivity as I have done Ephraim, that is, the ten tribes.
7:16 Therefore h pray not thou for this people, neither lift up cry nor prayer for them, neither make intercession to me: for I will not hear thee.
(h) To assure them that God had determined with himself to punish their wickedness, he shows the prayer of the godly cannot help them, while they remain in their obstinacy against God, and will not use the means that he uses to call them to repentance, (Jer 11:14,14:11).
7:18 The children gather wood, and the fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead dough, to make cakes to i the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings to other gods, that they may provoke me to anger.
(i) That is, they sacrifice to the sun, moon and stars, which they called the queen of heaven, (Jer 44:17, 2Ki 23:5).
(k) Showing that it was not his chief purpose and intent, that they should offer sacrifices, but that they should regard, why they were ordained: that is, to be joined to the word as seals and confirmations of remissions of sins in Christ: for without the word they were vain and unprofitable.
(l) Which was about fourteen hundred years.
7:27 Therefore thou shalt speak all these words to them; but they n will not hearken to thee: thou shalt also call to them; but they will not answer thee.
(n) By which he shows that the pastors should not leave their flocks in their obstinacy, for the Lord will use the means of his servants to make the wicked more faulty and to prove his.
7:29 Cut off thy o hair, [O Jerusalem], and cast [it] away, and take up a lamentation on high places; for the LORD hath rejected and forsaken the generation of his p wrath.
(o) In sign of mourning, as in (Job 1:20).
(p) Against whom he had just opportunity to pour out his wrath (Mic 1:6).
7:31 And they have built the high places of q Tophet, which [is] in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I r commanded [them] not, neither came it into my heart.
(q) Of Topheth, read (2Ki 23:10).
(r) But commanded the opposite, as in (Le 18:21,20:3, De 18:10).


This post is part of a series called Building a Website in Progressive Steps.
be discussing the header and footer, whilst designing them at the same time in Photoshop.
Since 2007 Justin Hubbard has been helping businesses by creating timeless, memorable logos as part of a branding package and modern, user-friendly websites. "Creating websites, designing logos and building mobile applications, that's what I do and I love it! It's gives me great pleasure to be able to help businesses grow through their web presence; and when it's successful, that's the best feeling anyone could ask for."


text:
package de.knightsoftnet.validators.client;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

import javax.validation.Path;
import javax.validation.Path.Node;
import javax.validation.TraversableResolver;

/**
 * Default {@link TraversableResolver}. Always allows full traversal.
 */
public final class DefaultTraversableResolver implements TraversableResolver {

  @Override
  public boolean isCascadable(final Object traversableObject, final Node traversableProperty,
      final Class<?> rootBeanType, final Path pathToTraversableObject,
      final ElementType elementType) {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isReachable(final Object traversableObject, final Node traversableProperty,
      final Class<?> rootBeanType, final Path pathToTraversableObject,
      final ElementType elementType) {
    return true;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Camilla James studied art history at university and worked in publishing before turning to law. After building her private client knowledge and experience working for firms across the UK, including EY in London, Camilla joined Square One Law in August 2015 as a partner in charge of its private client team. Here, she talks of the importance to entrepreneurs of seeking advice on succession planning as early as possible in the business cycle.
What attracted you to private client law?
After university I worked in publishing and the more I was promoted, the more legal work I was dealing with. I had always been interested in law and so decided to make a change and attend law school. I initially thought I would specialise in media law but when I got there, it was trusts and equity that I found the most interesting areas.
How has your legal career progressed and what has brought you to Square One Law?
I trained in a boutique Lincoln's Inn firm which specialised in private client work and, when I qualified, I moved to a larger Legal 500 firm in the Home Counties, where I was able to advise high-net-worth individuals. More recently, I worked at EY in London as well as in its Reading office so as to get a greater and deeper knowledge of tax law. I'm from the Scottish Borders originally and it was always the plan to move back North where many of my family and friends live. But I wanted to find the right job first. I was lucky to meet Ian [Gilthorpe, senior partner at Square One Law] and spoke to him about my vision as a private client lawyer which was to provide workable and effective solutions for clients, not just bombarding them with information with no conclusions. That seemed to fit well with Square One Law's focus on the client being at the heart of what they do, so to come and work for them was a natural progression for me to make.
Tell us about the private client offering at Square Law One.
We offer all of the traditional private client services – so Wills, trusts, and power of attorney, residential property, family and matrimonial services, as well as contentious probate and trusts knowledge; but what is different about us is our ability to understand and help manage complicated tax arrangements. We like to work closely with our clients to make sure they understand how their assets can be taxed so they make informed decisions about their personal or businesses' future. I work also closely with Robin Winskell who has an impressive understanding of family litigation and private client matters; his knowledge is unrivalled and he has a number of longstanding clients who use him exclusively.
You also advise entrepreneurs on how to structure their businesses through the life cycle of the company, and believe their personal aims should align with their business aims. Why is that?
It is important because, as an entrepreneur, your business is your life and who you are. What you want to achieve in that business should mirror what you want to achieve in your personal wealth planning.
My focus is always to find out what people want to achieve in their business – some people will want to build a business, sell it and retire, others will want to build more than one business. Once I know their ambitions I can then find personal estate planning solutions that will fit with their business vision.
When should an entrepreneur look to you for advice about estate planning?
As early as possible so that we can work closely with them to make sure the right structures are in place as well, as being able to strategically align our plans with their business goals.
What advice would you give an entrepreneur who is just starting out?
Practically, the main thing to consider is the shareholders' agreement and how that works. So, for example, what happens if a person dies? Or what happens if a person can't work in the business any more? We would also ensure that there was a will in place and would advise on the personal legal framework they may need to consider in the future.
What about when the business grows?
As the business grows, we are responsible for looking at the shareholdings and how best to structure them. Who is being brought into the business? Does a client want to give dividends away but not control? Clients may also have a change in life circumstance which means they may need to review their will. They may also want to set up trusts or a family investment company, or a charity for some of the profits.
As a person's wealth grows as a result of a successful business, what issues can this create?
Most of the clients in that bracket are very time-poor. And so what I try to do is make the process as easy as possible. Quite often, they have a number of advisors. So I'm keen to meet with their other advisors to create one strategy that encompasses all the points they will need to consider and act on. It's the project management aspect that our clients really value.
What advice would you give a business owner who is in a position to begin his or her own charity?
They have to think about how much input they want to have. Some people will want to put money into a donor-advised fund; others will want a family charitable trust, which is a very personal way of running a charity, or alternatively, a more corporate structure may be more appropriate. Do they want their family involved? Do they want it based in the North East, nationally, or will we have to register the charity in different countries? Again, what the client hopes to achieve is the driver so I ensure I find the right solution for them.
How often should people look at their own succession and estate planning strategy?
I would say that everyone should review – and by saying that I doesn't necessarily mean alter – their Will on an annual basis and when their circumstances change. Just as you would your car insurance. Our team is always happy to meet with people to update them on how any changes in the law that might affect them on an ongoing basis. We often find people may not realise they could face issues.
Speaking of which, what impact will Brexit have on wealth planning?
While we now know the result of the referendum, the Prime Minister must serve an Article 50 notice to the EU Council which will then trigger a minimum two-year notice period. As the Article 50 notice is unlikely to be served before the autumn of this year, the earliest the UK will leave the EU will be late 2018. There shouldn't be any immediate impact on wealth planning, although obviously we advise clients that this is an area that should be reviewed constantly.
The short-term advice is to keep calm and, to an extent, it is business as usual until we know what the outcome of the negotiations are with the EU Council. Any deal will have to be agreed by the UK and then ratified by the EU Parliament. As you would expect, leaving the EU will be a complicated process and may take some time.
How do you think this decision will impact on estate planning long term?
Whether the UK remained as part of the EU or not there are always economic highs and lows but estate planning remains vitally important. The sooner you can begin the process, the more likely it is that, whatever the situation, you will achieve a favourable and effective outcome for your intended beneficiaries.


text:
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
// ReSharper disable ClassNeverInstantiated.Global
// ReSharper disable MemberCanBePrivate.Global
// ReSharper disable CheckNamespace

namespace DasMulli.Win32.ServiceUtils
{
    internal class ServiceControlManager : SafeHandle
    {
        internal INativeInterop NativeInterop { get; set; } = Win32Interop.Wrapper;

        internal ServiceControlManager() : base(IntPtr.Zero, ownsHandle: true)
        {
        }

        protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
        {
            return NativeInterop.CloseServiceHandle(handle);
        }

        public override bool IsInvalid
        {
            [System.Security.SecurityCritical]
            get
            {
                return handle == IntPtr.Zero;
            }
        }

        internal static ServiceControlManager Connect(INativeInterop nativeInterop, string machineName, string databaseName, ServiceControlManagerAccessRights desiredAccessRights)
        {
            var mgr = nativeInterop.OpenSCManagerW(machineName, databaseName, desiredAccessRights);

            mgr.NativeInterop = nativeInterop;

            if (mgr.IsInvalid)
            {
                throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
            }

            return mgr;
        }

        public ServiceHandle CreateService(string serviceName, string displayName, string binaryPath, ServiceType serviceType, ServiceStartType startupType, ErrorSeverity errorSeverity, Win32ServiceCredentials credentials)
        {
            var service = NativeInterop.CreateServiceW(this, serviceName, displayName, ServiceControlAccessRights.All, serviceType, startupType, errorSeverity,
                binaryPath, null,
                IntPtr.Zero, null, credentials.UserName, credentials.Password);

            service.NativeInterop = NativeInterop;

            if (service.IsInvalid)
            {
                throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
            }

            return service;
        }

        public ServiceHandle OpenService(string serviceName, ServiceControlAccessRights desiredControlAccess)
        {
            if (!TryOpenService(serviceName, desiredControlAccess, out var service, out var errorException))
            {
                throw errorException;
            }
            return service;
        }

        public virtual bool TryOpenService(string serviceName, ServiceControlAccessRights desiredControlAccess, out ServiceHandle serviceHandle, out Win32Exception errorException)
        {
            var service = NativeInterop.OpenServiceW(this, serviceName, desiredControlAccess);

            service.NativeInterop = NativeInterop;

            if (service.IsInvalid)
            {
                errorException = new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                serviceHandle = null;
                return false;
            }

            serviceHandle = service;
            errorException = null;
            return true;
        }
    }
}


text:
Tech Services & Software
Facebook blames server slipup for longest outage in its history
OK, you can finally post that one status about Facebook being down.
Marrian Zhou
Queenie Wong
March 14, 2019 12:51 p.m. PT
Marrian Zhou Staff Reporter
Marrian Zhou is a Beijing-born Californian living in New York City. She joined CNET as a staff reporter upon graduation from Columbia Journalism School. When Marrian is not reporting, she is probably binge watching, playing saxophone or eating hot pot.
Queenie Wong Senior Writer
Queenie Wong is a senior writer for CNET News, who focuses on social media companies including Facebook's parent company Meta, Twitter and TikTok. Before joining CNET, she worked for The Mercury News in San Jose and the Statesman Journal in Salem, Oregon. A native of Southern California, she took her first journalism class in middle school.
Expertise I've been writing about social media since 2015 but have previously covered politics, crime and education. I also have a degree in studio art. Credentials 2022 Eddie award for consumer analysis
Omar Marques/Getty Images
Facebook's daylong outage has finally ended.
The troubles first hit the social network -- which has more than 2 billion users around the world -- around 9 a.m. PT Wednesday, according to outage tracking site Downdetector. At this point on Thursday, more than 24 hours later, users have by and large regained full access.
On Thursday, Facebook blamed the problem on "a server configuration change," saying that it had resolved the issues and that "our systems are recovering."
Yesterday, as a result of a server configuration change, many people had trouble accessing our apps and services. We've now resolved the issues and our systems are recovering. We're very sorry for the inconvenience and appreciate everyone's patience.
— Facebook (@facebook) March 14, 2019
Instagram was also down for many hours, starting at around the same time. However, Instagram's official Twitter account announced the platform was back in action at 9:41 p.m. PT time on Wednesday.
Facebook Down. In an era of 24 x 7 availability this is unprecendented. What is happening ? New features ? Bug fix ? Hacked ? Too much user Load ? # #facebookdown @facebook #whatwillwedo pic.twitter.com/mK7eYsRrWa
— Dr Dang (@Sudip88818336) March 13, 2019
Anddddd... we're back. pic.twitter.com/5E8UdlcsPJ
— Instagram (@instagram) March 14, 2019
Users throughout the day Wednesday posted on Twitter that they were seeing a message saying Facebook was "down for maintenance." Other users trying to post status updates on Facebook, including CNET staff, got error messages saying "something went wrong."
The outage mainly affected users in the US and Europe but also hit parts of South America, Australia and Asia, according to a map by Downdetector.
Users of Facebook-owned WhatsApp also reported they were having trouble sending photos on the app. Virtual reality company Oculus, also owned by Facebook, reported that its users, too, were having trouble accessing and using the platform.
Now playing: Watch this: Where were you when Facebook went down?
While Facebook has experienced lengthy outages in the past, downtime like this is unusual among the world's largest tech companies.
Downdetector received about 7.5 million reports from Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram users during the outage, making it the largest outage the tracking site has seen since it was launched in 2012. A YouTube outage in October came in second, with 2.7 million reports.
"As people become more reliant on digital services like Facebook, Instagram and YouTube, we are witnessing an ever growing number for problems during outages," said Tom Sanders, co-founder of Downdetector, in a statement. "The tolerance for downtime decreases and people are increasingly expecting services to operate flawlessly 365 days per year."
Facebook, which makes money from selling ads, was having issues with its ad products as well. When asked if Facebook would be refunding advertisers for the outage, a company spokesman said that Facebook isn't sharing any details about refunds at this time.
We're also aware that people are experiencing issues with access to our ads interfaces, we'll share an update as soon as possible. https://t.co/Wk4STxGuEq
— Rob Leathern (@robleathern) March 13, 2019
Facebook had said in a tweet Wednesday that the issue didn't arise from a type of cyberattack known as a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, in which hackers try to crash a site by flooding it with more traffic than its servers can handle.
We're focused on working to resolve the issue as soon as possible, but can confirm that the issue is not related to a DDoS attack.
In November, Facebook went down in a mishap caused by a test the company was running. That outage lasted about 40 minutes.
That same month, Facebook and Instagram were down for hours because of what Facebook said was a server configuration. This is, however, the longest outage in the company's history. The previous record-holding outage occurred in 2008, when Facebook had just 125 million users.
Originally published March 13 at 10:22 a.m. PT.
Updates, 10:46 a.m.: Adds comment from Facebook; 12:18 p.m.: Includes tweets from Facebook; 1:23 p.m.: Adds background on what areas were affected, and info on WhatsApp; 5:06 p.m.: Includes the length of the outage and more info on WhatsApp; 11:19 p.m.: Adds Instagram tweet and length of Facebook's outage; March 14 at 10:11 a.m. PT: Adds Facebook statement and notes that Facebook has recovered. March 14 at 12:51 p.m. PT: Adds remarks and data from Downdetector and comment from Facebook.