text:
Would a common language develop in a fantasy world?
In many fantasy worlds, there is a "common" language spoken by the majority of all races. While there can be some dwarfs who reject to speak common and speak only dwarf, in many worlds these are a minority.
Setup: I have generic medieval world, where there are elves, dwarfs, hobbits, trolls and humans. Humans and hobbits speak common language, while all other races speak their own language.
There is a city operated by humans which is used by all races for trade purposes. What language do people speak in this city?
Looking in Earth history, if the ancient cultures did meet and did trade, they did still use their languages. For instance ancient Thera is believed to be a place where people could understand up to 9 languages.
Is it plausible for a fantasy world to use one language as majority? And if no, what would make using just one language (as major one) plausible?
medieval language fantasy-races
Pavel JanicekPavel Janicek
$\begingroup$ Possible duplicate: Would it be possible for a Earth-sized world... $\endgroup$ – Frostfyre Nov 11 '15 at 12:58
$\begingroup$ lingua francas are almost systematic among any group of different mother tongues. Be it greek, latin, arabic, french, english, depending on the ages and places. That because people always trade and exchange, and they need to communicate to do that. $\endgroup$ – njzk2 Nov 11 '15 at 21:11
$\begingroup$ If only humans and halfings speak it, it's not really "the common language". They just happen to speak the same language. $\endgroup$ – Erik Nov 19 '15 at 6:38
I'd argue that any realistic world has to have different languages - its simply the way civilisation develops. Take the UK for example. Geordie and Scots are very nearly different languages to English - very strong dialects eventually become different languages.
It's perfectly reasonable to have a Lingua Franca, that a lot of the races speak. In the setting you describe, assuming the city you're speaking of is a major (or the major) trading partner, its not unreasonable to expect that the majority of visitors to the city will have a degree of fluency. Equally, its not beyond the realm of possibility to have elvish or dwarven speakers speaking a mix or a strongly accented version of the common language, similar to Spanglish or Wenglish.
In fact, Welsh is an interesting one because its very different to English, and is a good example to look at in terms of minority languages - should you have a similar issue in the world you're creating.
Miller86Miller86
$\begingroup$ Or compare something like Swedish and Norwegian; they are actually close enough to each other to practically be dialects, but they are considered different languages. $\endgroup$ – a CVn Nov 11 '15 at 13:21
$\begingroup$ Indeed - this might be good if you have a division in your "races" - like Wood Elves vs River Elves, or Deep Dwarves vs Mountain Dwarves. $\endgroup$ – Miller86 Nov 11 '15 at 13:24
$\begingroup$ @Miller86 Being the type of person I am, I just want to point out that Spanglish is not a language. It is a person talking in two different languages. $\endgroup$ – Xandar The Zenon Jan 17 '16 at 2:03
$\begingroup$ Spanglish is someone speaking in two different languages, just as wenglish is, (wenglish being the one I have more experience with). I agree, its not a language, but I'm not sure of the correct nomenclature! $\endgroup$ – Miller86 Jan 18 '16 at 9:09
$\begingroup$ @Miller86 The word you're looking for is "pidgin." $\endgroup$ – Mason Wheeler Jan 24 '19 at 19:54
To have a worldwide "common tongue" is unlikely, given the difficulty of transport and communications in a medieval world. The people on one side of the planet don't even know what manner of creatures live on the other side of the world, let alone what language is spoken there. However to have a regional common tongue is very likely, in fact almost inevitable.
However the implausibility of a worldwide lingua franca might evaporate if your world has magical means of instantaneous communication or transport. The effects of a telepathy spell on your world would be similar to the effects of telegraph, radio and the internet on our world. The world would be much more culturally unified, and one language would probably become a global lingua franca, as English is becoming on our world. Instantaneous transport by teleportation spell would take this unifying process even further than in our world.
There are previous questions on Worldbuilding Stack Exchange similar to yours here and here.
LostinfranceLostinfrance
$\begingroup$ The question was about a common language in one city. $\endgroup$ – Burki Nov 11 '15 at 10:33
$\begingroup$ @Burki , the latter part of the question refers to one specific city, but I understood the first two paragraphs to refer to the common if implausible fictional scenario of a whole D&D or LotR -style medieval world where everybody speaks "the common tongue" in addition to their species or alignment language. $\endgroup$ – Lostinfrance Nov 11 '15 at 10:40
There are thousands of languages, which can be grouped into few dozens of families, on Earth with just one sapient species and it used to be even more when there were much fewer people living on this planet. That means, you just need a couple of tens or hundreds of thousands of speakers to establish a language and keep it alive, as long as they are living close enough together and don't get (re-)assimilated by a larger culture. A fantasy world where all members of one species speak the same native language is unrealistic, especially if they are spread across several large habitats and when there is no means of instantaneous communication and travel.
In a trade city or in any other agglomeration with strong ethnic diversity, there will certainly be a dominant auxiliary language ("lingua franca") which is spoken and understood to some degree by almost everyone. Usually it will be the one of the majority of inhabitants or the one of the (maybe former) local or regional power. Most pidgins that develop in such scenarios tend to be relatively short-lived due to their adhoc nature, but some become proper creole languages. Note that there are often also special-purpose languages, e.g. sacral and sign languages, that are used in parallel by some people.
Since different fantasy species may have very different physical properties from one another, their vocal and auditory systems may favor certain phonemes and phonetic patterns that are hard or even impossible to pronounce or hear for members of some other species. On the one hand, this will result in characteristic dialects when speaking the same language, and on the other, it should favor separate languages for separate species. That is even more so if species evolved and lived in separate regions until quite recently. After they have lived together for a couple of hundred years (or more than a handful of generations) they will probably share common languages.
In a book, the major in-world language will usually surprisingly equal the native tongue of the author. There are some authors who actually pretend to have just translated the book from its original fantasy language. Either is okay, but it may be more disturbing in film and other visual art: seeing English written in the roman script on signs in Middle Earth (in the LotR movies), for instance, can be off-putting, especially if you watch the film dubbed in another language.
CrissovCrissov
$\begingroup$ That's a really good point about how the different vocal and auditory systems of different fantasy species might cause dialect divergence. For instance you sometimes see orcs depicted as having tusks. This would certainly affect their ability to make certain sounds. $\endgroup$ – Lostinfrance Nov 11 '15 at 17:22
A common language would be based on the language of either the historically dominant people or the most expansive and trade-oriented people. Depending on the extent of the contact between all peoples involved it might grow into a simple trade language only used for traveling and trading, or a complete one usable in every facet of daily life.
With slow travel and no mass media, the odds of a common language being spoken by every random villager is very low in a medieval type world, as there just isn't that much contact outside one's village. Along trade routes and especially in cities with mixed populations, the common language would be more well-known.
For people to know a second language, the following need to be true:
There is a pressing need to learn it or formal education is mandatory
There is education / training available (whether at home, in a guild, etc)
There is enough exposure to the language to practice and keep it current
Let's take two small villages along the border between elf and troll lands.
In the elf village, there is a school where all children learn the human and troll languages. The parents force them to practice the human language by only conversing with them in human for a month of their lives. They find troll too harsh/distasteful to speak it much. The local leader often meets with his troll counterpart, as do the traders.
In this village, everyone will understand and speak a decent amount of human but despite the proximity will only be able to barely make themselves understood in troll, with only the leader and traders having a need to keep up their troll.
On the other side, the troll children learn from their parents as they accompany them to work every day. The farmers, bakers, millers etc. speak only troll, since they have neither a need nor an opportunity for learning any other language. There are some exceptions:
The village elder speaks a little human but no elf, since the elf leader and messengers all speak troll.
The innkeeper on the other hand speaks decent human, elf and some dwarf, since he gets travelers from all those groups. He is also called on by the village merchant and blacksmith to speak with customers.
The village healer is fluent in elf, since she's had much interest from the elf healer, who has taken it upon himself to teach her and her daughter.
Without universal education, the troll villagers only learn other language on an individual basis, preventing any common language from spreading.
CyrusCyrus
I think that this is very plausible. Think of how it happens today in the real world (in fact right here and now):
People all over the wold speak different languages, like me, I am a German, others are British, Chinese, etc. and we all have different languages. But as we need to interact witch each other and work together, we need a way to communicate. This is done by agreeing on a common language - here on SE and many other places it is English.
In your fantasy world, this is very much the same. You have different species, just like we have nationalities, that need to cooperate:
There is city operated humans which is used by all races for trade purposes.
What language do people speak in this city?
I would say probably human, as it is the main local presence - but it could be anything, that the community agrees on really.
T3 H40 - reinstate MonicaT3 H40 - reinstate Monica
$\begingroup$ I accept different species speaking the same language, but why different nationalities since they rarely cross paths? e.g. Middle-Earth's humans may speak the same as Middle-Earth's dwarves, but why would they speak the same as North-Earth's dwarves? $\endgroup$ – colmde Nov 12 '15 at 13:31
$\begingroup$ Not all of them, but the ones that need to. Traders, travelling between the lands need to communicate with locals. As mentioned, think of the real world. China and the US are to very different, but most inhabitants of both speak english. Why? Because they need to. There is a lot of business between them, and this would never work without a common base of communication (or lingua franca, the official term mentioned in another answer) $\endgroup$ – T3 H40 - reinstate Monica Nov 12 '15 at 13:48
For the people in your city it seems most plausible that the common language will be that of humans.
Since your setup suggests that since the city is run by humans, one can assume that at least in the beginning, humans formed the vast majority of the population. Those humans spoke the same language.
Over time, members of the other races migrated to your city. While it is possible that they kept their own language, it seems fair to assume that they also learned the language of the city people.
So, it seems likely that you will end up with one language that is common to the vast majority of the inhabitants, regardless of their race. But the members of the different races will still speak their native languages, especially with other members of their race, particularly when they would prefer "outsiders" not to understand (so easily).
Take a look at any of the large cities today: you have a common language (almost) everybody speaks to some degree, and the different ethnic groups often still speak their native language (to some degree) within their group.
BurkiBurki
It is very unlikely for a "common spoken language"---which is also within general every-day use---to develop in any continent, or world.
Far more likely is that a non-verbal "trade language" would develop, which would see use mainly when different peoples came together to trade goods, on the pattern of the Native American "world." This "trade language" had been developed to be non-verbal, to get past how nuances of pronunciation, one language to another, would render many spoken words very difficult if not impossible to understand, when pronounced by persons of different tribes.
The "Native American sign language" had evidently come about as a trade language, originally, and very early narratives by Caucasian explorers had often remarked how persons from tribes whose "ranges" were separated not only by hundreds of miles, but also in many cases by physical barriers such as the Mississippi river, or areas under control of hostile tribes, had been able to communicate with one another by "signs."
The Caucasian observers had often viewed the use of a sign language as amazing; virtually bordering on "magic," in some cases. Their initial amazement and even misgiving hadn't interfered with their eagerness to adopt the new sign-language, however!
"Indian signs" had no nuances of pronunciation, such as are seen when comparing many, many modern examples---there are vast differences in word-pronunciation when comparing Northern vs. Southern states; those Eastern vs. Western regions; the Left-Atlantic vs. Right-Atlantic countries; and even those Northern-Hemisphere vs. Southern-Hemisphere countries.
Most of these differences in English pronunciations also exist at a time of major trade and human inter-action; when it's common for people to hear, see, and often even befriend, speakers from other areas. With so much inter-regional communication going on, one might assume people would work actively to minimize pronunciation differences. Instead, the opposite seems the case, with people celebrating the "roots," and the "heritage," of their different areas-of-birth.
The same great differences in pronunciation are evident in other languages that have now grown to span oceans. At times, it's extremely difficult for an "Old World" speaker to understand what's being said by a "New World" speaker, and there are no signs that any steps are being taken to make the "dialects" easier to understand.
Modern onlookers must not imagine that "Indian sign language" was in any way inferior to a spoken tongue: Complex thoughts could be communicated; not merely information relating to the various quantities and relative values of goods.
It also showed the ability to very rapidly evolve, as seen by the speed by which signs had been created, and had evolved, to include new-comers, (such as Caucasians) and Christian clergy; and to include new Caucasian technologies, such as firearms and ammunition.
The same general "evolution" of a sign-language to take the place of a spoken dialect to allow foreigners and traders to communicate with far-flung peoples has been seen in South America, along the Amazon.
The development of similar sign-languages had been seen in other places where traders or explorers had sought to communicate with widely-separated tribes of groups of people---Africa is the most obvious example, but similar use of sign-languages had been seen along the various island-chains in the Pacific-- space does not allow detailed investigation.
In the end, vagaries of pronunciation effectively rule out there being the evolution of any SPOKEN "trade-language" on such a world.
It would be extremely unlikely for distantly-related "races" or "species" such as "Humans" and "Dwarves" to share very much of a language-base, as well! At one time, there had been well over a hundred Native American "Tribes" on the Continent, and there had been dozens of "Tongues" that were shared by many (BUT NOT ALL!) tribes, within an "alliance," or "Confederation." This was the case, world-wide.
We have no blueprint for any single wide-spread language existing. Historically, it was the case that community leaders---shamans or chiefs---would be fluent in two to four regional languages: Those languages of their own tribe, plus brother-tribes or sister-tribes, of applicable; plus the languages of the neighboring tribes . . . who were often counted as their foes, unfortunately.
A Shaman or Chief might be fluent in half a dozen languages, but this would probably not "get him very far" so to speak, on the ground.
That is why many, if not most, members of almost every tribe in North America were fluent in "Sign Language."
Fred KernsFred Kerns
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$\begingroup$ The OP asks for a common language in one city, not throughout the world. $\endgroup$ – Burki Nov 19 '15 at 8:45
As highly unlikely as a common language would be, it would be possible in theory for there to be a language that makes learning it and other languages much easier.
In our real world, we have Esperanto, which was developed specifically so that it would be a common tongue of the world, and make learning other languages easier to do.
Although it didn't succeed, with only an estimated two million speakers worldwide, you are the ultimate arbiter of what goes and doesn't go in your universe, and therefore can declare that there's a successful example in your world. You could say that there's an international auxiliary language that's easy to learn and makes the learning and comprehension of other languages easier. Then, you could declare that to be the closest it gets to a common language.
Dead KnightDead Knight
$\begingroup$ Welcome to WorldBuilding Dead Knight! If you have a moment please take the tour and visit the help center to learn more about the site. Have fun! $\endgroup$ – Sec SE - clear Monica's name Mar 15 '18 at 15:10
The only reason for a common language I could imagine would be some shared history. This could be a common religion, which forces everyone to read their holy scripture in the original language (e.g. like in Islam). Else there would be pidgin languages e.g. for trade, but it is hard to see how a "global" language could develop in this scenario.
LandeiLandei
$\begingroup$ Arabic is an interesting language because it is common only in written form. People in the Arab world who can write to each other, may not be able to converse on a telephone or face to face. The same is also true of Chinese. $\endgroup$ – nigel222 Nov 11 '15 at 14:25
It is possible, but depends upon your world history. If you assume Earth as an analogue, then you had common languages among different cultural groups only after a conquest. So you get Latin in Europe, Arabic through the middle east, Chinese Asia. Absent such a conquest, you have much less commonality, for example, North America pre-European conquest (but post conquest, you have Native Americans speaking French and English, so there you go.
Stone TrueStone True
$\begingroup$ I wouldn't say that a common language or lingua franca only results from conquest. I don't think that's true of Swahili in East Africa, for instance. Sanskrit spread through religion. Although the spread of English obviously started with the settlement/conquest of North America and the British Empire, nowadays it is spreading without conquest. $\endgroup$ – Lostinfrance Nov 11 '15 at 17:28
I will disagree with consensus here for one main reason. Fantasy worlds tend to be tiny. A mid-sized real world country will have millions of inhabitants, hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of land, hundreds if not thousands of cities, all (usually) speaking mostly the same language.
If your entire world consists of a few hundred cities or less, it is entirely plausible that all races have homogenized into a single "common" tongue (though they may keep using their hometown amongst each other language as a point of racial pride).
If your world is more comparable to Earth in size, then their certainly will be many different languages, but it is entirely possible (I would even say likely) that a de facto language of trade would eventually develop, similar to the status that English enjoys on Earth.
GrandOpenerGrandOpener
Learning a new language is governed by need. If you don't have to learn any language other than your own in order to exist, most people won't bother, barring the occasional eccentric. I think that unless one faction conquered the known world at some point, it's unlikely that a global language would develop other than a possible 'de-facto trading language'. My reasoning below.
One of the most common needs that pop up is trade. If you want to trade with someone, you can manage with gestures and pointing for a while, but you'll quickly start trying to pick up a few words to ease the process. If you want to move on to more complex trade such as agreements or orders, you'll really have to have a common language. Typically, this would be the language of the party that has the most power, either trading power or military power. Unless this trade is important enough that the majority of the people are involved in it, most people still won't have a need to learn this new language: they can trade with the trader, who will then trade with the foreign party.
Another good reason would be conquest. If you're conquered by another nation, they will probably insist that at least part of the populace learn their language, since otherwise governing matters are complicated.
As for a common language spanning an entire world, this would require either one power being so dominant that its reach spans the larger part of that world, or some sort of unobtainium that can only come from one place but is used globally.
For a real-world parallel to the first, look at English. English is spoken throughout the world because for a long time their reach spanned a large part of the globe and they were a dominant force in global trade at the time.
In the second case, it's still unlikely that the entire population of the world will speak the common language, but it is likely that this language will become the dominant language since only the traders really need to speak it. Since trade with the party that has the unobtainium is so important though, one can expect every trader to know the language, which can lead to all trade being conducted in that language as a matter of convenience: learning that one language allows you to trade with any people without having to learn their specific language.
CronaxCronax
$\begingroup$ The OP was asking for a common language in one city $\endgroup$ – Burki Nov 19 '15 at 8:46
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Balancing Humanoid fantasy races: Elves


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Written by: @ThatDaveGuy
At several points during this show Lenny Leonard described EVOLVEs 29 and 30 as big events. This is a problem. EVOLVE champion Chris Hero was absent. There was no sign of Low Ki or Teddy Hart, both of whom had appeared at the company's previous shows over WrestleMania weekend. There was also no sign of the Young Bucks making a reappearance to wrap up their rivalry with the Bravado Brothers. Basically the cards were distinctly lacking in star power and presenting them as significant could hurt the promotion's credibility.
I know EVOLVE is built around the old Ring of Honor credo of quality wrestling over name talents but you can only take that sort of thing so far without looking like a fading concern. EVOLVE should be ensuring all of its top tier talents are on every show, using them to elevate fresh names, and making deals with non-regulars. Low Ki was a good name to bring in but it looks as though that was just a short term thing and that he won't be coming back. The same goes for Roderick Strong. And the Bucks may never be back. Even if they are it's likely it'll just be for one match before clearing off for good.
The venue used here didn't really help either. It's not that Elk's Lodge in fashionable Queens, New York is a bad venue for wrestling. It isn't. A number of promotions run shows there. But it looks like what it is, and that's a recreation centre. A promotion broadcasting a show and trying to present itself as notable really should be going for something better.
Basically EVOLVE does not look like a thriving promotion. It looks like it's struggling and on the verge of collapse (not helped by the infrequency of Dragon Gate USA shows featuring genuine big name Dragon Gate wrestlers). That's going to affect people's willingness to support them, no matter how good the wrestling on their shows is. And for the record the wrestling on offer here did reach very high standards.
The show was held on May 9 and kicked off with JT Dunn entering alongside Shelley Martinez. Blake Edward Belakus was his opponent. I'd enjoyed his work at DG USA's Way of the Ronin and I enjoyed it here. Belakus is someone that could become a name of import for EVOLVE and DG USA with the right treatment. Hopefully Gabe Sapolsky realises that too.
They had a tidy, if unspectacular, match. BEB controlled the first half before 'The Juice' (perhaps Dunn's a Juvi fan) made a comeback. He didn't have enough to get the victory though. Belakus cut him off with a move called the Bad Wolf slam. Doctor Who fans may be interested to know Belakus had also had "Bad Wolf" written on his trunks. Rose Tyler strikes again!
Match two saw Ethan Page and Josh Alexander tangle with Open the United Gate champions the Bravado brothers in a non-title bout. Harlem and Lancelot got a split reaction. Some people seemed really excited to see them while others got into the spirit of things and booed them as one of the company's top heel acts.
The match took a little bit to get going, I suspect because Page and Alexander are not big names, but when it did it was good. The Bravados controlled the pace until Alexander tagged in. He quickly double suplexed both brothers then blasted Harlem with a back breaker on the apron and dropped Lance with an enziguri. He looked like he was being presented as a potential star, proving a match for the champions, being given plenty of offence, and getting a multitude of near falls for his team. Of course his team lost, Page falling to the Gentlemen's Agreement.
Worth noting is that the Bravados stole various moves and poses from the Young Bucks to keep that rivalry alive. I've already pessimistically noted that I wouldn't be surprised if the Jackson boys never returned to blow that programme off.
That was followed by Su Yung heading to the ring with Caleb Konley and Mr A and telling Uhaa Nation that he belonged with The Premier Athlete Brand. That's the next big feud, presumably. It could be an enjoyable one, considering how good the matches all involved had over this weekend were.
The Brand stayed at ringside for Konley's match with Rich Swann. They swapped the initiative for a while before Swann started selling. That lasted for several minutes and ended when he made a comeback with a dive and a frog body block. Channelling Booker T he performed an axe kick, which got him two. Konley halted him with a drop kick and a fireman bomb. They exchanged a close to ridiculous number of strikes with neither going down. Konley eventually toppled to a Swann spinning instep kick. The prerequisite apron foray resulted in Swann getting dropped head first and rolling to the outside. That only got a two count (natch, nobody goes down to apron offence in EVOLVE).
Swann avoided a moonsault and hit a modified Canadian Destroyer for a two. As Konley was still laying down Swann opted for a second rope phoenix splash, which earned him a three count. The match really came to life in its second half (the stuff I've noted, basically). That said I could have done without the "This is awesome!" chants. They seem to get deployed in any matches which rises above average these days, which robs the it of all meaning.
After the match Swann took a mic and told the PAB Uhaa Nation wouldn't associate with the likes of them. He also said the acronym should stand for "pussy ass bitches". The audience took that up as a chant then Swann did some singing and made some unsavoury comments about Su Yung. His mic broke as he was talking about Johnny Gargano so he shouted something at a camera (about Gargano) then bowled backstage.
Funnily enough Gargano was out next. That must have made for an awk moment when Swann walked back through the curtain. He was facing Biff Busick. The early going was built around counter wrestling and Gargano stalling. In due course they progressed to ringside brawling. There 'The Whole Shebang' gained control with a suplex on the floor. The pace was slowed back in the ring. This included Gargano's ever popular attempt to break a digit (which always fails, strangely) as well as his suicide dive and a Gargano Escape. Busick worked in various moves but never got an extended period of offence. He did no sell some super kicks though. That was something.
The finish was a surprise. After more counter wrestling Gargano was placed in a rear naked choke. He held out for a while but when it got turned into a combination of a choke and a camel clutch he tapped out. It was not only not the result I expected it wasn't the finish I would have predicted had I known Busick was going over. A submission is a big thing under Gabe Sapolsky booking. It's a good call though: it indicates that Busick has been selected for a promotion. Beating Gargano is a big thing here.
Jigsaw and Tim Donst v Fire Ant and Green Ant (of The Colony fame) was match five. It was an energetic showing with a good number of near falls, probably my second favourite thing on the show after the main event. Green Ant won with the CHIKARA Special, which was counted as a pin as Jigsaw tapped out. In case you're wondering, and you may be, it is a submission hold. My guess would be that the referee was unfamiliar with it.
After the match Green Ant shouted into a mic. I've no idea what he said but I assume it was something about facing the Bravados because they wandered out. Harlem distracted the ants, allowing Moose to sneak into the ring and job them out. They finished up by promising they'd be the Open the United Gate champions forever.
The evening's penultimate match was a meeting between Drew Gulak and Chuck Taylor. It had come about because of the actions of Gulak over WrestleMania weekend. He turned on Taylor and disbanded The Gentlemen's Club. Considering that it was a surprisingly technical match. They did go to the outside (which most other matches did too) and get rough but it was not as wild and uncontrollable as seemed reasonable to expect. This could have worked if Taylor had been reluctant to fight his friend or give the match his all but that wasn't the case. It just didn't seen as though the two wrestlers hadn't been given much direction, as though they'd been split to fill up the summer season of cards with no follow up thought being put into how the feud will progress.
As I say, it wasn't bad. It was just confusing under the circumstances. Taken simply as a match between a heel and a face it was good. Both men did everything right with regards to selling, wrestling and interacting with the crowd. Things came to an end when Taylor tapped out to the Gu-Lock.
Before the main event we were treated to an appearance from Larry Dallas. He said EVOLVE was part of his heart and soul and no show was complete without him. Rich Swann turned up to walk him to the back. The purpose of these Dallas appearances, which have been going on for months, eludes me. The longer it goes the more memorable the payoff will need to be when it comes, and I'm concerned that nobody knows what it will even be yet.
The main event was Anthony Nese and Trent Baretta versus AR Fox and Uhaa Nation. The Brand had Yung and A at ringside. The faces were accompanied by Ivelisse and entered to Fox's music. The former was great, because Ivelisse being on a show is never a bad thing. The latter was a poor call, because Uhaa's music is great.
Before the bell rang Su Yung asked Uhaa for his answer about joining them. He said he'd join The PAB if he and Fox lost but that if they won he and Fox would get the rights to book themselves in any match they liked (a reward The Brand won at Mercury Rising by winning a six man tournament). That was agreed to. And then Christina Von Eerie rocked up and randomly attacked Ivelisse. This was the beginning of a new SHINE programme.
This was, as has already been said, the best match on the card. Nese and Baretta are a very skilled unit who carry themselves like stars. That counts for a great deal. I'm not wild about 'The Whole Foxin' Show' but he flies high and always looks crisp doing so. Uhaa Nation is tremendous. He's a big man (at least in width) who blends the power moves you'd expect with some flying moves you wouldn't. He's got personality and he knows how to put an exciting match together. On top of that the star power of the four ensured the audience were loud throughout (and it's worth noting they'd been good during the rest of the show). There was lots of double teaming, which is what's needed in a match like this, and there were plenty of near falls.
The finishing sequence was nicely put together. The PAB went for a Doomsday Device but Uhaa took out Baretta with a kick to the face. Nese then took a military press from Nation, a 450 from Fox and an Uhaa Combination for the loss. That granted the faces the booking clause and ensured Uhaa remained free of Su Yung's clutches. Depending on your point of view that's not necessarily a good thing.
If the show had come close to the level of the headliner more often it would have made a huge difference. It wasn't bad, it's just that it felt like a filler show in places.

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Message : Have been to lots and lots of schools and unis but nothing compares to our dear SAS. East or West SAS is the best. Sasonians would love to hear from you guys.
Message : My regards to all my teachers from SAS.
Mr. shakya, Mr. Micheal, Fr. Lawrence, Mr. K Das, Mr. leegorish, Mr. Toppo, and Mr. D costa.
reguards to all teachers of SAS.
Message : All i want to say. Rajeev great work, maintain the site as you are doing. Specially i liked the staff profile. good to see my teachers.
May be you should add a wing which has pictures from last 15-20 yrs of the students.
Current_Profile: RJ (Producer and host) (kuzoo Fm) Thimphu.
Message : SAS is the best !!
Message : Definitely I miss SAS and my dear teachers. I wish I could turn back time and join SAS again.
Message : I miss my school and is nice to go back and see the progress made by our school.
I miss my teachers, and I keep talking about my school life with my friends in uk.
Message : Time at SAS was the best part of my life. Miss all those bygone days. Given a chance will like to get back there.
Message : No comparision in front of SAS.
Message : i will be back..


Technology Entrepreneur, Venture Partner; Independent Director, Dun & Bradstreet Corp, Chairwoman Technology & Innovation Committee; Chairwoman of the Board, Censhare AG; Independent Director Wirecard AG.
Dr. Anastassia Lauterbach, has served as director of Dun &Bradstreet since 2013, and is member of the Nomination and Chairwoman of Technology & Innovation Committee. Anastassia serves as a Chairwoman of Censhare AG, a private European content aggregation and data insights provider. She serves on the board of Wirecard AG, a global Financial Services provider. Anastassia is member of the Advisory Council Next Generation Directors for Nasdaq. Anastassia serves on the advisory boards of the Ocean Protocol, a private global blockchain infrastructure and IP company, Cogitanda AG, a private European cybersecurity insurance broker and TM Forum, a non-profit global Association of Telecommunication Companies and their vendors.
Previously, Anastassia served as SVP Europe at Qualcomm, a world leader in wireless technologies, from 2011 to 2013. She served at Deutsche Telekom AG, an international telecommunication provider, as SVP business development and investments from 2010 to 2011. She was acting Products and Innovation Officer from 2009 to 2010. During her time at Deutsche Telekom she additionally served as a member of the Executive Operating Board. Prior to Deutsche Telekom she served as Executive Vice President, Group Strategy at T-Mobile International AG from 2006 to 2010, and prior to T-Mobile, she served from 1996 to 2006 in various operational and strategic roles at Daimler Chrysler Financial Services, McKinsey & Company and Munich Reinsurance Company.
She is Chief Executive Officer and founder of 1AU-Ventures and currently advises several U.S. and European based AI and cybersecurity companies and Investment Funds, e.g. Evolution Partners and Analytics Ventures. She is Senior Advisor for Artificial Intelligence at McKinsey & Company. She trains boards in cybersecurity and cognitive/ AI and robotics related technologies and their links to corporate governance. She advises ITU, a United Nations organization, on AI policy and governance.
She is leading author in "Artificial Intelligence Imperative. A Roadmap for Businesses". The book was published by Praeger in April 2018. Anastassia contributes several chapters to the book on Artificial Intelligence and Law by the American Bar Association, which will be released in early 2019.
Anastassia has a PhD in Linguistics and Psychology.


A Lake County judge has dismissed a former Woodland Elementary District 50 board member from a lawsuit that claimed a company employing her husband unfairly landed school spirit wear and athletic uniform deals in place of another business.
Judge Diane Winter signed the order removing Kellie Pappas from the breach-of-contract suit filed in April by Ink N' Tees Inc. of Waukegan against her individually, Gurnee-based District 50 and other defendants. Pappas was dismissed from the suit "with prejudice," meaning it cannot be refiled against her, the order states.
Winter also dismissed the other defendants from the suit but is allowing Ink N' Tees about a month to refile its accusations against them. Without elaborating, Ink N' Tees attorney C. Jeffrey Thut said he intends to file an amended lawsuit on behalf of his clients.
Pappas, who resigned from the school board in July because she moved outside the district, expressed satisfaction with the ruling.
"The real losers are the taxpayers of the Woodland School District 50 community and the children that go there -- the same community that the plaintiffs live in," she said Thursday. "These frivolous lawsuits cost tens of thousands of dollars to defend and that money comes from the taxpayers. The purpose of this lawsuit was personally driven and nothing more. My integrity and character has always been held to the highest standard, and the dismissal (Tuesday) demonstrated that."
In part, the suit contended Pappas influenced District 50 to direct business to her husband, a sales representative with Hat World Inc., which operates in Illinois under the name Lids Team Sports. James Pappas handles uniform and spirit wear business for at least 100 public and private suburban schools.
Kellie Pappas was protected from litigation as a school board member under the state's tort immunity act, her attorney wrote in a motion to dismiss the suit that also denied all accusations. District 50 attorney James Petrungaro also wrote that Illinois school code prevents board members from being sued.
Ink N' Tees began supplying District 50 with school spirit wear in 2003, according to the suit. Ink N' Tees also supplied athletic team uniforms in 2012, Roar program clothing in 2009, and nonathletic, extracurricular spirit wear in 2005, court documents state.
District 50 agreed to buy athletic uniforms through Lids Team Sports in 2014 and nonathletic clothing in 2015 before Kellie Pappas joined the school board, according to the suit. Lids received spirit wear business for the district's Roar program in November 2015 while Kellie Pappas was a board member.
The suit also claims she was Woodland Parent Teacher Association president in October 2014 when she met with Ink N' Tees regarding clothing sales for the upcoming year. While the PTA indicated it would take bids from spirit wear vendors in January 2015, the suit said that never occurred and Lids Team Sports received the contract.
Ink N' Tees' amended suit, if filed, would include District 50, the PTA and Hat World. Ink N' Tees sought more than $100,000 in damages in the original complaint.


Looking for a safe haven in which to invest if the US loses its AAA rating? US Treasuries are the answer, Wall Street debt strategists say – the very securities that would be downgraded if Washington fails to lift the debt ceiling by August 2.
US Treasuries have become so much a part of the nuts and bolts of the global financial system, that the world will have no choice but to continue using it as a risk-free asset, even if a downgrade to AA shows it's not risk-free at all.
Coca-Cola Company set 2011 records today for the lowest coupons on five- and 10-year debt; claiming 1.804% on US$1bn of fives and 3.30% on US$1bn of 10s.
A 30-year Treasury bond yield at under 4% was too good to refuse for six corporates this week, which have together issued more than US $2bn of long-dated debt, some at record low coupons.
Investment grade corporates last week claimed record low coupons across maturities as a rush of companies jumped into the market to take advantage of an intensified rally in Treasury yields.
Investors fled risk assets en masse on Monday and rushed into US Treasuries, the very securities that were downgraded to AA+ late Friday but still remain the largest, most liquid safe-haven.
The US banking sector has become the whipping boy of the bond markets, as investors shy away for fear that US banks could be sucked into any European banking crisis.
The US high-grade new issue market lurched from one extreme to the other as issuers displayed bravado one minute and shell-shock the next in the most volatile week the public markets have suffered since the 2008 credit crisis.
Triple B rated corporates were surprised last week when they met a decidedly chillier reception in the new issue market than they have received all year.
Recent volatility has crushed US bank preferred share prices and dashed hopes that as much as US$10bn worth of new deals could be issued by banks by year-end as Tier 1 capital securities.


text:
Quick Answer: How Do You Write An Anonymous Quote In An Essay?
How do you cite a quote from a person in an essay?
How do you refer to someone anonymously?
Do I have to cite famous quotes?
What if you don't know the author for a citation?
What is a text citation?
Do you cite the editor if there is no author?
How do I cite an anonymous quote?
How do you reference an unknown author in an essay?
How do you give credit to someone with no author?
How do you in text cite an anonymous author?
What information is needed to create an in text citation?
For example, if you are using MLA, you can use author's last name and then the year in parentheses: "Quote," (Doe, 2016).
If you don't know the author's last name, then use the article title: "Quote" (Title of Article, 2016)..
Referring to the anonymous When it is necessary to refer to someone who is anonymous, it is typically necessary to create a type of pseudo-identification for that person. In literature, the most common way to state that the identity of an author is unknown is to refer to them as simply "Anonymous".
All well-known quotations that are attributable to an individual or to a text require citations. You should quote a famous saying as it appears in a primary or secondary source and then cite that source.
If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details. Note: an author/creator won't necessarily be a person's name.
What is an in-text citation? An in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text of an academic essay. The in-text citation alerts the reader to a source that has informed your own writing. The exact format of an in-text citation will depend on the style you need to use, for example, APA.
When a work has no author or editor, cite in the text the first few words of the reference list entry, usually the title and the year, and capitalise all major words.
If "Anonymous" is the identified author of a work (versus there being no stated author), cite "Anonymous" in the citation instead of the author's last name (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 177). For example, (Anonymous, 2005, p. 42).
Unknown Author If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.
In-Text/Parenthetical Citation If no author is listed, use a shortened title of the work. Put the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (such as books or entire websites), and include page numbers (if there are any).
Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author's last name and date of publication. When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the article title using double quotation marks, "headline-style" capitalization, and the year.
In-text citations: Author-page style MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page.
Question: What Is The Best Free App To Catch A Cheater?
How can I track text messages on my husbands phone?
How Do You Tell If Your Job Is Too Stressful?
Can I get unemployment if I quit my job due to anxiety?
Quick Answer: What Should A Reflection Include?
How do you write a reflection paragraph? A reflection
Can You Retire On $700000?
How much does the average 60 year old have saved for
Question: Do Stoics Have Emotions?
What need is there to cry over parts of life when the
Question: What Are The Disadvantages Of Speed Reading?
What are the disadvantages of reading? 20 Disadvantages
Question: What Is God'S Name In Exodus?
What is God's name in the Bible? YahwehYahweh
Quick Answer: How Many Miles Is Highway 90?
How long is I 90 in Ohio? 390.9 kmInterstate 90 in


Roberto Baggio and Diadora always together for a legendary all-Italian pairing. Style, innovation, performance: this is the new baggio 03 italy og mdpu.
A superb shoe assembled in Italy, at the heart of the sports shoe production district. Created in kangaroo leather with a water-repellent treatment and perforated at the front. Ensures excellent ball control, supporting your every game. With Hydro technical microfibre to keep the shoe waterproof even in wet conditions. A classic look that immortalises elegance, enhancing that made in italy sophistication.


Birthed from the chance inclusion of nitrogen in the typical carbon diamond, fancy yellow diamonds illuminate the marvels of nature. While all natural colored diamonds are relatively rare, the yellow variety are abundant in positive undertones-radiating happiness, optimism, and wisdom. We drape our 1.07 carat center fancy light yellow diamond in twinkling diamond pave, enhancing its effortless allure.
*Available in 18 karat white, 18 karat yellow, and platinum.


Turn-key home with stunning canyon views! Gated access & fully fenced w/ cross-fencing. Remodeled with master plus guest bedrooms on main floor, both with en-suite baths. Open concept kitchen/living/dining rooms with windows to enjoy the view. Updated kitchen with large center island, stainless appliances & abundance of storage. Downstairs offers a large bonus room, bedroom, kitchenette & full bath. Decks off living room, master & downstairs. Attached 2 car, detached 3 car & RV garage.


Between now and Tuesday, March 15, we all have one obligation to each other: to vote in the 2016 Primary Election. Not only do we all need to vote, but we need to vote for candidates that will work to advance the Labor Movement as a whole, not work to destroy it.
On February 10, President Barack Obama addressed the Illinois General Assembly in Springfield. During his address, President Obama stated that politics has become extremely partisan in this country. Following the death of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia in February, the U.S. Constitution states the President shall appoint judges of the Supreme Court with the advice and consent of the Senate. However, the Senate Republicans have already vowed to block any nomination President Obama makes because they claim the decision should be left up to the next President. It is irresponsible of them to prolong the process in an attempt to fulfill their own political agenda. Whether we are sending a representative to Washington, D.C. or to Springfield, Ill., our elected officials have an obligation to represent the best interests of us, the voters.
Here in Illinois' 5th Legislative House District, Ken Dunkin is working against the best interests of working families in his district, the very men, women and children he was elected to represent. Last fall, Representative Dunkin sided with Governor Rauner to kill a measure supported by Democrats when he refused to show up for a critical vote that would set up a procedure for arbitration of state labor negotiations. He voted twice to strip retirement security from elderly workers. He voted against labor protections, like a bill to crack down on employers who don't pay the wages they owe. He also voted against a bill that would allow firefighters and paramedics to receive assistance when they get cancer or heart disease as a result of their jobs. What does that say about Representative Dunkin's perceived value of the hard working men and women of his district? He is not protecting the men and women in his district who put their lives on the line every day to protect us. He is not protecting the families of his district from wage theft, an unlawful practice by unscrupulous employers that costs workers in the City of Chicago roughly $1 million dollars a day. He is not fighting to maintain unemployment and workers compensation benefits for his district. The inability of working families to access support programs and services, like child care, adult education classes and healthcare, holds them back and in many cases, puts them at the brink of poverty.
Illinois Republicans used to find common ground with Democrats on bipartisan issues that are now being held hostage by Governor Rauner. The General Assembly has always been able to work with other governors to pass a budget that works for the people of Illinois. However, over the last year, Governor Rauner has driven a wedge between Democrats and Republicans and has made it impossible for Republicans to vote with Democrats on the policies that will help families in their districts. Illinois cannot withstand three more years of a governor who is willing to place the people of Illinois in harm's way in order to pass his own ideological agenda.
We are in this together, and it is going to take a collective effort to elect leaders who will represent the workers of their district. A lost vote from the Labor Movement is a vote in favor of the destructive policies that threaten our very livelihood. Make the commitment to get out and vote this election season, and talk to your friends and family about it as well. The complete list of CFL-endorsed candidates for the 2016 Primary Election is on pages 8-9. For information on voting in your area, visit chicagolabor.org/vote.


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text:
<?php

namespace Trafficjam\Test\RabbitMq;

use Trafficjam\BasicConsumeMessage;
use Trafficjam\ConsumeMessage;
use PhpAmqpLib\Channel\AMQPChannel;
use PhpAmqpLib\Message\AMQPMessage;
use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use Trafficjam\RabbitMq\Channel;
use Trafficjam\RabbitMq\PublishMessage;

class ChannelTest extends TestCase
{
    const MESSAGE = 'test';
    const NAME = 'test';

    /**
     * @var AMQPChannel|MockObject
     */
    private $amqpChannel;

    /**
     * @var Channel
     */
    private $channel;

    public function setUp()
    {
        $this->amqpChannel = $this->createMock(AMQPChannel::class);

        $this->channel = new Channel($this->amqpChannel);
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    public function testChannelCanBeCreated()
    {
        $this->assertInstanceOf(Channel::class, $this->channel);
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    public function testChannelCanAcknowledge()
    {
        $this->amqpChannel
            ->expects($this->once())
            ->method('basic_ack')
            ->with(1);

        $this->channel->acknowledge(1);
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    public function testChannelCanConsume()
    {
        $callback = function (ConsumeMessage $msg) {
            $this->assertSame(self::MESSAGE, $msg->getMessage());
            $this->assertSame('1', $msg->getId());
        };

        $this->amqpChannel
            ->expects($this->once())
            ->method('basic_consume')
            ->with(
                self::NAME,
                '',
                false,
                false,
                false,
                false,
                function (AMQPMessage $message) use ($callback) {
                    $message = new BasicConsumeMessage($message->body, $message->getDeliveryTag());

                    call_user_func($callback, $message);
                }
            )
            ->will(
                $this->returnCallback(
                    function ($queue, $consumer_tag, $no_local, $no_ack, $exclusive, $nowait, $callback, $ticket, $arguments) {
                        /** @var AMQPMessage|MockObject $msg */
                        $msg = $this->createMock(AMQPMessage::class);
                        $msg->expects($this->once())
                            ->method('getDeliveryTag')
                            ->willReturn(1);
                        $msg->expects($this->once())
                            ->method('getBody')
                            ->willReturn(self::MESSAGE);

                        call_user_func($callback, $msg);
                    }
                )
            );

        $this->amqpChannel
            ->expects($this->exactly(2))
            ->method('is_consuming')
            ->willReturnOnConsecutiveCalls(true, false);

        $this->channel
            ->consume(self::NAME, $callback);
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    public function testChannelCanPublish()
    {
        $this->amqpChannel
            ->expects($this->once())
            ->method('basic_publish')
            ->with(
                new AMQPMessage(self::MESSAGE),
                'exchange',
                'routing'
            );

        $this->channel->publish(new PublishMessage(
            self::MESSAGE,
            'routing',
            'exchange'
        ));
    }

    /**
     * @test
     */
    public function testChannelCanBeDisconnect()
    {
        $this->amqpChannel
            ->expects($this->once())
            ->method('close');

        $this->channel->disconnect();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
PM appoints Karen Blackett as race equality business champion
Karen Blackett OBE, the UK country manager of WPP and chairwoman of MediaCom UK & Ireland, has been appointed by the Prime Minister as race equality business champion as part of a Race at Work Charter.
The appointment is part of a Race at Work Charter, launched at a roundtable hosted by WPP.
The charter seeks to push forward race equality in the workplace and has been signed by companies including Shell, Norton Rose Fulbright and RBS.
Removing barriers and implementing initiatives such as mentoring and sponsorship programmes were among the strategies organisations were asked to run.
Karen founded MediaCom's Apprentice scheme, and at WPP she established an Inclusion Board to look at how apprenticeships and reverse mentoring can encourage more diverse workforces.
Karen says, "Embracing diversity and inclusion is not a choice, it's a business necessity. As the Race at Work champion, I'm committed to helping businesses address inequality at all levels by taking practical steps such as introducing apprenticeships, offering mentorships and capturing ethnicity data to create a more inclusive and representative workforce."
A longer version of this piece first appeared on Campaignlive.co.uk and can be read here.


text:
try:
    from setuptools import setup
except ImportError:
    from distutils.core import setup

requirements = [
    # TODO: put package requirements here
]

test_requirements = [
    # TODO: put package test requirements here
]

setup(
    name='hls_autocomplete',
    version='0.1.0',
    description='Autocomplete for "hdfs dfs -ls".',
    #long_description=readme + '\n\n' + history,
    author='Simon Dollé',
    author_email='simon.dolle@gmail.com',
    url='https://github.com/simondolle/hls-complete',
    packages=[
        'hls_autocomplete',
    ],
    package_dir={'hls_autocomplete':
                 'hls_autocomplete'},
    include_package_data=True,
    install_requires=requirements,
    license="MIT",
    zip_safe=False,
    keywords='dgim',
    classifiers=[
        'Development Status :: 2 - Pre-Alpha',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
        'Natural Language :: English',
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
    ],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            '_hls_get_completions = hls_autocomplete.get_completions:main',
            'hls = hls_autocomplete.hls_cmd:main'
        ]
    },
    test_suite = 'nose.collector'
)


Read Deep Dish Lies by Anisa Claire West online free full book.
This is a work of fiction. The names, characters, places, and events depicted in this book are either the product of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. Any similarity to actual people, either living or deceased, is purely coincidental.
Sweet Little Lies are optional.
I stared at the infuriating man with flames in my eyes and venom on the tip of my tongue. The front bumper of my car was deeply bashed in, and one of my headlights was shattered. Slamming the door, I flounced towards the insolent stranger as his piercing blue eyes challenged me unblinkingly.
"You're a really bad driver, woman!" He bellowed, stomping towards me like a mating gorilla.
are at fault," he said gruffly, running a frustrated hand through his rain-drenched dark hair.
I don't know if it was from the biting cold or my biting tone, but the man recoiled visibly when I suggested exchanging our information. A storm cloud overhead transformed from pale gray to ominous charcoal as he steadily backed away from me.
Outraged, I watched as he clamored back to his black Audi and left me standing out in the pummeling rain. With tires screeching at the shrill decibel of a dog whistle, the jerk rolled back into the storm as I trembled violently inside my jacket. Fighting back insulted tears, I hopped into my car and slammed the door so hard that the rattling windows could have cracked the whole Richter Scale.
"Mmmmm, these smell absolutely divine," Lori murmured, sliding a pair of Cling Peaches pies out of the oven.
"Don't I know it!" Lori replied tartly, making a beeline to the freezer for a tub of vanilla ice cream.
"Just 5 more minutes of break time, Lori. Then it's back to work. We have a ton of Mother's Day orders to fill," I said authoritatively.
"You're right. We've had a lot of requests for your Sticky Pecan pie today," Lori muttered through a mouthful of syrupy peaches as she handed me a scrap of paper.
I sighed heavily, snatching the dog-eared paper out of her hand. "How many times have I told you to put the orders on my pre-printed menu sheets? We have a system around here, Lori!" As I picked up a whisk to playfully swat my scatter-brained baby sister on the rump, the chiming of bells in the front of the shoppe interrupted me.
"Customer," Lori announced, giggling and shoving another truckload of our "test" pie into her mouth.
"May I help…" My words evaporated like milk as I recognized the dashing face of my customer.
He appeared equally shocked as he cleared his throat and shifted his weight from foot to foot. "Um---ahem, could a man get a slice of pie and cup of coffee around here?" He asked with a disarming smirk. "And hold the car accident. Please," he added sarcastically as my face reddened like cherry pie.
"Have a seat, sir, and I'll bring you our menu," I said with mock formality. Inwardly, I was steaming and impatient to get the handsome creep out of my shoppe.
"Thank you…what's your name anyway?" He inquired, sitting with his legs spread wide apart and his hands splayed over tight denim jeans.
"Oh, so you've evolved from calling me 'woman'?" I challenged as he looked me right in the eyes.
"I could start calling you that again if you'd like," he quipped.
"My name is Becca," I replied firmly, shoving a menu under his arrogant nose.
"And you're a waitress?" He asked, unfolding the menu.
"Calm down. I was just teasing," he said, decisively snapping the menu shut. "So Becca, I'm an old fashioned kind of guy. Just give me a slice of warm apple pie. With a large coffee. Extra cream. No sugar," he dictated as I nodded and disappeared into the kitchen nook to prepare his order. A minute later, I returned, setting the pie and coffee in front of him.
"Glad you like it," I said softly before turning to walk away.
"The name's Marcus. Marcus McCoy," he called after me as his eyes penetrated my aproned backside.
I wondered why he was suddenly so eager to tell me his name when he had acted like I asked him to take a flying leap from the Golden Gate Bridge the first time I asked for his info. Mustering a heaping dose of professionalism, I walked back to the man and shook his hand cordially.
"Sorry, my hand is kinda sticky," he said sheepishly, staring into my face with an intensity that disturbed me.
"It's okay. Sticky hands come with the territory around here," I joked, eager to break free of him for reasons I couldn't explain. Nervously blowing my honey brown bangs out of my eyes, I put a few feet of distance between us as Marcus persisted to stare me down.
I could still feel his glimmering eyes shooting arrows through me as I tripped over my own feet on the way back to the kitchen. Low chuckles and a maddening "Are you alright?" followed my mishap as I casually glanced around and gave him a curt nod. He chuckled through mouthfuls of apple pie, suddenly choking and slamming his hand against his heart. His cough turned hacking as he took a sip of hot coffee.
"Have some water!" I urged, rushing to the sink and pouring him a glass from the tap.
"Thank you," he managed in a hoarse voice, all traces of arrogance obliterated from his finely carved features. "Guess I chose the wrong gal to laugh at, and the pie gods are punishing me," Marcus muttered as I replied with a genuine giggle.
"You're darn right," I asserted, tying my apron a little tighter around my waist and retreating towards the kitchen again.
"Who are you flirting with out there?" Lori asked, whisking a bowl of milk and eggs.
"I definitely wasn't flirting. But I think maybe he was," I said with a shrug, returning to my station to bake another batch of Mother's Day fruit pies.
over Dennis," I bristled at the name of my ex-husband.
some good guys out there. Hey, I should know. I've got one," Lori boasted as she touched her tongue to yet another batter-dripping spoon.
a good guy…for now. Just give him a few years…but that would make me the embittered divorcée, and I definitely didn't covet that title.
"I'm not sour on life. Just on men," I protested, rubbing my temples in circles as a headache threatened to assault me.
"What's the difference?" She challenged, adjusting the preheat setting on one of our gourmet baking ovens.
"Just get back to work," I snapped, switching on a food processor to blend some berries into a pulp.
Angrily, I watched the blades turn the frozen berries to mush. Above the grinding of the machine, I heard a faint commotion by the storefront. I perked my ears up as a sound like wood crashing into a wall traveled to the kitchen. I gave Lori a troubled look as I sprinted out to the storefront to see what had happened. Marcus was bolting out the door as my chair lay broken by the table where he had dined. Shiny black leather on the table caught my eye as I realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
"Hey! Where are you going? You left your wallet here! And you broke my chair!" I hollered, chasing him to his car.
"Stop right there! Put your hands up!" A burly man dressed all in black ordered, whipping a gun out of his pocket.
My breath and heart stopped simultaneously as I stared down the barrel of the gun. My God, I was about to be shot. Desperately, I thought of Lori in the kitchen, praying that she would stay safe inside but come close enough to see the horror that was unfolding so she could call for help.
"I said put your hands up!" The gunman shouted as a second man emerged from the back of the parking lot, also wielding a pistol.
Terrified, I lifted my arms above my head, glancing over at Marcus who appeared paralyzed with fear. I didn't have a moment to think or react as Marcus slid a knife out of his pocket and pressed the tip of the blade into my throat.
"Don't do it! Put the knife down and let the woman go!" The first gunman yelled, audibly releasing the safety on his gun, letting us know with that soft click that he could fire the weapon at any moment.
"You're not gonna shoot with this broad right next to me!" Marcus shouted, speaking for the first time since the altercation began in a voice that sounded sinister.
"Please let me go," I whispered shakily, trying not to tremble under the pressure of his knife for fear that the blade would slip and plunge into an artery.
The gunmen stood steadfastly with their weapons drawn but didn't come any closer. Keeping one arm locked around my neck and the other gripping the knife, Marcus dragged me to the passenger door of the car, shoving me in before crawling on all fours to the other side and jumping in just as the men began to fire.
He blasted the engine into action, cursing furiously and jackknifing the car into gear at an alarming speed as the men fired continuous rounds. Miraculously, none of the bullets hit the windshield or tires, but I could hear one grazing and then bouncing off the bumper. Recklessly, Marcus careened out of the parking lot, pumping the gas pedal from 20 to 60 miles per hour in the span of a second.
I nodded nervously and swallowed, feeling the bitter flavor of mortal fear churn in my stomach and rise up in my mouth. Still cursing, Marcus cruised onto an eastbound road, constantly checking the rearview mirror.
"I think we actually lost them!" Marcus marveled in an excited tone that made him sound like a mad scientist.
"Wh-who are they?" I stammered, fighting back a wave of violated tears.
"Stop yapping, woman! I can promise you I won't hurt you…as long as you don't try any funny business. But that's all I can promise you right now," Marcus said in a slightly gentler tone as I rolled the window down a crack to breathe some fresh air.
"What are you talking about?" I asked helplessly as tears cascaded down my cheeks. I sniffled, furious with myself for showing vulnerability but incapable of holding back my emotions for another second.
"Oh man, don't cry. Please," Marcus pleaded, taking his eyes off the road to glance regretfully at my blotchy face.
We rolled along at astonishing speeds for the next several hours. The odometer teetered between 65 and 90 but never went lower. Any thoughts I might have had of jumping out of the vehicle were banished by our consistent wild pace.
"Watch out!" I screamed abruptly as a deer darted into the road from the woods off the highway. Marcus grunted and curved the car jaggedly towards the right lane. Disbelief radiated from my eyes as he boldly risked our lives to avoid hitting the animal.
"You just held a knife to my throat and now you're worried about a deer!" I sputtered my wrath.
"Just hold on tight!" Marcus urged as the car tumbled off the shoulder of the road into a muddy embankment uncountable feet below.


Here's how to create a persistence configuration in the Java SE environment.
Those who are only starting out on JPA, please let me explain some of the components of this configuration.
The "hibernate.show_sql" property specifies whether or not hibernate will print the queries in the log file (provided that you have configured log4j properly). This is specially helpful if you want to view which queries are being executed for reading/writing/deleting some entities. In the production environment you can set to false if you want so that the queries will not be logged.
The "hibernate.format_sql" property specifies whether or not the queries will be formatted to a more readable form before logging.
The "hibernate.dialet" property specifies which type of dialects we intend to use. If you do not know what they are then please read this excellent answer on StackOverflow.
The "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" property is very interesting one. By changing its value you can enable hibernate to create/drop your database tables for you, or validate an existing schema against your mapping. This has also been explained very well on StackOverflow.
The last section configures the connection pool that hibernate will use for the database. Hibernate usually provides a built-in connection pooling mechanism which is good enough for development and testing, but is not suitable for production environment. So to get the optimal connection pooling behavior in production you need to use something more mature. C3P0 is a popular production-grade connection pooling library which is very easy to use with Hibernate. All you need to do is just specify the property values like minimum/maximum number of connections in the pool, timeout values etc., and the rest will be taken care of by Hibernate.
Doing this will ensure that your entities will be found by the persistence provider and will be ready for persistence. However, hibernate auto-scans the packages for classes marked with the "Entity" annotation and make them persistent, so we did not have to worry about that. Keep in mind that this is also the case when you use JPA in a Java EE environment (i.e., your application runs in a full-blown application server). In this case the application server scans the application during its deployment and finds the classes marked as entities. If you run your application in a Java SE environment using a provider which does not have this type of auto scanning ability, then you will be required to list the entities in the persistence.xml file like above.
That's it for setting up JPA in a Java SE environment. Hopefully once you have this setup you will be easily able to persist your entities without much trouble.


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By registering, I do hereby consent that the ATD Midlands Chapter has the right to take photographs, record video and audio of myself and use these for educational or promotional materials. I also release all rights to exhibit this work, including, but not limited to, posting to their websites and social media outlets. I waive all rights I may have to control the use of the multimedia and agree that any uses described herein may be made without compensation or additional correspondence with me.
Take –a- Ways: ATD members and guests should take away a sense of how much companies are allocating towards training, a better knowledge of the benefits that ATD offers as well as how everyday transactions with ATD can benefit the Midlands chapter.
David began his ATD career in July 2012 in the Research Services department. He helped in the quarterly release of the Learning Executives Confidence Index (LXCI) and was involved in the process of conducting, analyzing, editing and publishing research reports as well as conducting market research internally at ATD. He wrote the Learning & Development Trends in India, 2014 report. He also supported the ATD Forum and their members. In August of 2015, David was promoted to the role of Chapter Relations Manager, Eastern Area where he provides guidance, assistance, and resources to chapters consistent with the mission of ATD. He advises chapter leaders on the business functions of a chapter and works with volunteer chapter leaders to ensure continued growth and consistency of the ATD brand.
David holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from the University of Michigan with a minor in Applied Statistics.


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« Sulgrave's own Village Advent Calendar – No 11 – Decorated Tree at the Stone House, Little Street.
Advent Calendar Window No 12 unveiled followed by Carol Singing around the village.
12th December 2014. Window decorations on two storeys at Oak Barn, Magpie Road.
Former inhabitants of the barns (Photo courtesy Roger Cherry).
Inside Oak Barn, an early 20th century threshing machine was still in use for cleaning corn in 1968.
this is a reference to the machine or Alf!
Click on the picture to hear the carol.
….and why not stay for supper!
This entry was posted on Saturday, December 13th, 2014 at 10:01 am	and is filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Anthony to review the 1984 made-for-TV movie version of A Christmas Carol. What better way to combine Christmas and Halloween than with one of the world's most popular ghost stories!
The boys review the first movie of the season – Christmas At Pemberley Manor! Join us ALL SEASON LONG!
If you're like us and liked Rocky Mountain Christmas, then this movie is for you! We're talking Halloween costumes and the best way to show your partner affection. Tune in!
It's finally here! The boys talk about the movies they're excited for, intrigued by, and the ones they're dreading.
Join us ALL SEASON LONG!