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The Wild Women of Wongo
On the tropical island of Wongo, a tribe of beautiful women discover that the other side of the island is inhabited by a tribe of handsome men. They also discover that a tribe of evil ape men live on the island, too, and the ape men are planning a raid on the tribe in order to capture mates.
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Directors James L. Wolcott
Starring Jean Hawkshaw, Mary Ann Webb, Candé Gerrard, Adrienne Bourbeau, Johnny Walsh
Subtitles -
Audio Languages English
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Doomed to Die 1940
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L'Âge d'Or 1930
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Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel's cornerstone, groundbreaking surrealist masterpiece. The film consists of a series of tightly interlinked vignettes, the most sustained of which details the story of a man and a woman who are passionately in love. Their attempts to consummate their passion are constantly thwarted, by their families, by the Church and bourgeois society in general.
The Little Shop of Horrors 1960
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Machine Gun Mama 1944
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Meet John Doe 1941
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Captain Red runs a hardy pirate ship with the able assistance of Frog, a dashing young French sailor. One day Capt. Red is captured and taken aboard a Spanish galleon, but thanks to his inventiveness, he raises the crew to mutiny, takes over the ship, and kidnaps the niece of the governor of Maracaibo. The question is, can he keep this pace up?
Play the Game 2009
When ladies' man David Mitchell (Paul Campbell) gives his lonely grandfather, Joe (Andy Griffith), some pointers on dating, Joe becomes a big hit with the women in his retirement community. But David strikes out with his own tricks when he tries to woo a girl named Julie (Marla Sokoloff). Now it's up to Joe to teach his grandson how to win at love without playing games. Doris Roberts and Liz Sheridan co-star in this award-winning comedy.
Three high school seniors throw a party to make a name for themselves. As the night progresses, things spiral out of control as word of the party spreads.
Fred Astaire (Tom) and Jane Powell (Ellen) are asked to perform as a dance team in England at the time of Princess Elizabeth's wedding. As brother and sister, each develops a British love interest, Ellen with Lord John Brindale (Peter Lawford) and Tom with dancer Anne Ashmond (Sarah Churchill--Winston's daughter).
Santa Claus Conquers the Mart.. 1964
Santa Claus Conquers the Martians
Martians, upset that their children have become obsessed with TV shows from Earth which extol the virtues of Santa Claus, start an expedition to Earth to kidnap the one and only Santa. While on Earth, they kidnap two lively children that lead the group of Martians to the North Pole and Santa. The Martians then take Santa and the two children back to Mars with them. Voldar, a particularly grumpy Martian, attempts to do away with the children and Santa before they get to Mars, but their leader Lomas stops him. When they arrive on Mars, Santa, with the help of the two Earth children and a rather simple-minded Martian lackey, overcomes the Martians by bringing fun, happiness and Christmas cheer to the children of Mars.
Slacker 1991
Austin, Texas, is an Eden for the young and unambitious, from the enthusiastically eccentric to the dangerously apathetic. Here, the nobly lazy can eschew responsibility in favor of nursing their esoteric obsessions. The locals include a backseat philosopher who passionately expounds on his dream theories to a seemingly comatose cabbie, a young woman who tries to hawk Madonna's Pap test to anyone who will listen and a kindly old anarchist looking for recruits.
Smokey and the Bandit 1977
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The Star Wars Holiday Special 1978
The Star Wars Holiday Special
Luke Skywalker and Han Solo battle evil Imperial forces to help Chewbacca reach his imperiled family on the Wookiee planet - in time for Life Day, their most important day of the year!
Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning 2005
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Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning begins with Captain James B. Pirk of the starship Kickstart shipwrecked on the 21st century Earth with his crew. Originally from the distant future, Pirk and his crew traveled back in time to save the Earth from hostile aliens, but lost their ship and became stranded. Pirk's daily routine consists mainly of stuffing his face at the local fast food restaurant, and he is finding it difficult to convince the ladies he is, in fact, an intergalactic space hero from the future. As the prospects for humanity's conquest of space look increasingly bleaker, Pirk comes up with a questionable plan to save mankind's future...
They Call Me Trinity 1970
They Call Me Trinity
The simple story has the pair coming to the rescue of peace-loving Mormons when land-hungry Major Harriman sends his bullies to harass them into giving up their fertile valley. Trinity and Bambino manage to save the Mormons and send the bad guys packing with slapstick humor instead of excessive violence, saving the day.
Topper Returns 1941
Topper Returns
Topper is once again tormented by a fun-loving spirit. This time, it's Gail Richards, who was accidentally murdered while vacationing at the home of her wealthy friend, Ann Carrington (Landis), the intended victim. With Topper's help, Gail sets out to find her killer with the expected zany results.
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Who wouldn't want to have a sip of refreshing summer tea with flavours of mango and tea. It is considered an healthy drink as well.
This recipe for raspberry mango iced tea is a light and refreshing drink that only takes 5 minutes to make.
until desired level of strength.
2. Stir in the mango nectar. Add honey to taste if desired.
4. Chill the tea in the refrigerator for at least one hour.


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Best Denver jazz events in March
By Bret Saunders, Special to The Denver Post Mar 8, 2019, 1:45 pm
Dazzle Jazz in downtown Denver. (Joe Amon, The Denver Post)
March promises to be an amazing month for live jazz in Colorado, particularly on the stage of Denver's Dazzle at Baur's. Here's a rundown.
The Chris Potter Circuit Trio appears at Dazzle on Tuesday and Wednesday, promoting one of the accomplished saxophonist's finest albums, the new "Circuits." The disc features Potter's tenor in a variety of percussion and keyboard-driven, twisting environments, providing ample support for his cerebral style on the instrument. At times, the music careens into spacey territory, all the better for live explorations.
It's not much of a stretch to include Asleep At The Wheel in a jazz column, since much of what they do embodies the endangered style of Western Swing, pioneered by the likes of Bob Wills and others. The band will appear at the Oriental Theater on Saturday, and their latest, "New Routes," showcases their seeming ease at blending swing, rockabilly and country. Guitarist and singer Ray Benson, who has helmed the group for close to half a century, sounds as committed as ever, and his group continues to embody a genuine sense of purpose when it comes to preserving a nearly-forgotten chapter of American musical history.
There isn't a group anywhere that sounds quite like Sun Of Goldfinger. An exploratory trio of guitarist David Torn, saxophonist Tim Berne and drummer Ches Smith, their just-released, self-titled album on ECM Records is a sonically bending headtrip that is shaping up to be one of my favorites of the year so far. An immersive listening experience, Sun Of Goldfinger will appeal to fusion fans as much as avant-garde listeners and maybe even those attracted to more ambient sounds — if they don't mind a little noise in the mix. The trio plays a 7 p.m. set at Dazzle on March 17.
Major Homer, Remington show comes to Denver Art Museum, plus more Colorado arts news
Jazz: Summer is near, and jazz is in the air
Guitarists Lionel Loueke and Raul Midon performing in Denver, more jazz news
Denver's 2019 Juneteenth this weekend features a Grammy winner, NBA2K competition
All-star guitarists for Hendrix, Cam'ron, Gryffin and more Denver concerts on sale this week
The singular pianist and composer Carla Bley doesn't set foot in Colorado to perform very often, so her two night stint at Dazzle (March 24 and 25) with bassist Steve Swallow (her husband, and a historic figure in the music himself) and saxophonist Andy Sheppard should be special indeed. Bley has mastered many styles of music in her esteemed career, from her epic "jazz opera" "Escalator over the Hill" to more intimate settings like her current trio. Grab a ticket to one of these performances and bask in jazz royalty.
You know the music of drummer Antonio Sanchez even if you're not familiar with his name. That was him on the drum set, supplying the curious and beautiful soundtrack to the Oscar-winning 2014 film "Birdman." He's put together the group Migration, and will play the Boulder Theater on March 29. This project, featuring Chase Baird on saxophone, John Escreet on keyboards, vocalist Thana Alexa and bassist Matt Brewer, is political in its message regarding the struggles surrounding immigration. Sanchez and his band create rousing, outstanding music, and this should be an unforgettable show.
And there's more: guitarist Ottmar Liebert & Luna Negra appear at the Soiled Dove Underground on Friday … organist Tony Monaco brings his B3 Trio to Nocturne on March 19… vocalist Veronica Swift joins up with the Benny Green Trio at Dazzle on Saturday, and legendary trumpeter Tom Harrell brings his quartet there on March 20.
Bret Saunders (bret saunders @kbco.com) can be heard from 6 to 11 a.m. weekday mornings at KBCO 97.3 FM. Follow him on Twitter: @Bretontheradio
Post tags: jazz
Bret Saunders, Jazz columnist
Bret Saunders (bretsaunders@kbco.com) can be heard from 6 to 11 a.m. weekday mornings at KBCO 97.3 FM. Follow him on Twitter: @Bretontheradio
Last hit: These women helped build Colorado. Now, we trace their vital contributions. Up next: 9 Colorado hotels where your dog will get treated like royalty
Where to see great jazz at great Colorado venues in February
Kendrick Scott, John Ellis and more jazz coming up in Denver
New jazz you should introduce into your rotation
Get to know Denver

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Respecting the environment by decreasing erosion of the soil, decreasing pollution and promoting a healthy and productive environment.
Keeping the soil healthy and nutrient rich to generate healthy plants.
Protecting biological diversity on the farm.
Minimizing waste and encouraging good stewardship of resources.
For livestock (we currently have none) respecting the needs of the animals for optimum health.
Handling the product in such a way that the integrity and natural vitality are preserved.
Utilizing local and renewable resources.
Crop Rotation: An ancient practice, useful for building up the soil and keeping diseases and pests at bay, this is faciliated nicely by the wide diversity of plants we grow. It is as simple as choosing to vary the crop that is planted in a given field season by season. Some plants leave behind nutrients useful to other plants and we take advantage of this wherever we can.
Cover Cropping: Useful for preventing erosion (which occurs on bare land), keeping weeds down and building certain nutrients into the soil, we use crops like rye and hay to prepare the soil in some fields. Then, the cover crop is incorporated into the soil and the new vegetable crop is planted.
Companion Planting: Just like with people, some plants just "click", and help provide the ideal growing conditions for each other. This is a great strategy for reducing pests, as some plants are repellents to certain bugs.
Composting: With our own green vegetation, hay clippings and chicken manure from a local farmer, we create a nutrient-rich blend of compost. This is one of the key ways we enrich the soil to produce healthy plants and an excellent way for us to recycle our "past their prime" or damaged veggies, resulting in less waste.
Greenhouses: Because of greenhouses, we are able to offer a greater variety of vegetables much sooner in the year, meaning less use of imported products for our customers. While it is not economical for us to produce right through the year, we come close with producing leafy greens like baby bok choy and kale until December, and seeding leafy greens as early as mid-February. Greenhouses make nice incubators for more sensitive young plants, so most things that end up in the field are started in the greenhouse in trays. Some crops are also brought to completion in the greenhouses if they can tolerate the sun exposure and heat.
Large Cooling Facility: Again, our cooling facility, about the size of an average house, allows certain items to be available even in winter months such as carrots, beets and turnips. The cooler is kept to a low temperature to maximize their already long shelf life and keep them crisp. Produce is cooled after harvesting by cool water or ice where possible and placed in the cooler right away to keep it fresh.


text:
Corruption continues to cost opportunities for world's poor
G8 still far from fulfilling anti-corruption promises
On fighting domestic and international corruption and in supporting good governance at home and abroad, the Group of Eight (G8) has made advances but still has promises to fulfil. Transparency International (TI) reminds the G8 leaders of their past commitments and cautions that those represent an absolute minimum for further action.
"Despite the regrettable failure to include poverty and development on this year's summit agenda, the G8 must not lose ground in fulfilling its commitment to the fight against corruption as a central pillar of poverty reduction," said Huguette Labelle, chair of Transparency International. "Beyond its damaging systemic effects on economic development, corruption eats into the effective delivery of education, healthcare and infrastructure. Millions of lives would be made better through their clean, transparent provision."
In the new millennium, G8 members, recognising corruption as the primary obstacle to development, have repeatedly pledged to improve financial management and accountability and support better governance in the poorest countries; fortify financial markets against abuse; and crack down on corrupt behaviour, at home and abroad, by companies based in G8 countries.
"Promises don't reduce corruption; actions do. Taking the public pledge gets you the headlines, but real people the world over are waiting for those promises to be fulfilled," stated David Nussbaum, Chief Executive of Transparency International.
Corruption and the fight against poverty
Most recently, the G8 summit at Gleneagles was notable for its heavy focus on Africa and development. Issues of governance and corruption loomed large. Echoing the G8 Action Plan on Fighting Corruption and Improving Transparency launched at the 2003 Evian Summit, a number of pledges were made, including:
Support for the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) that, among other things, represents an Africa-based tool for monitoring improvements in governance; Germany has pledged its financial support;
Support for greater transparency in public financial management;
Support for African partner countries in ratifying the African Union Anti-Corruption Convention;
Identification, freezing and repatriation of assets gained through corrupt means;
Commitment to work vigorously for early ratification of the UN Convention against Corruption and to pursue mechanisms for its effective implementation;
Increased support for the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI).
One year on, some progress has been made. France, Russia and the United Kingdom have ratified the UN Convention against Corruption; Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, and United States have yet to ratify, though some are moving in that direction.
However, more action is needed. All remaining G8 countries should ratify the UN Convention against Corruption. The EITI needs greater material support in order to consolidate its achievements, improve implementation and attract the support of additional governments and companies.
Foreign bribery by companies based in G8 countries
In line with their Gleneagles and Evian commitments, G8 governments should vigorously enforce OECD Anti-Bribery Convention by swiftly prosecuting companies that pay bribes to foreign public officials. Although the US and France have significantly increased the number of prosecutions in the past year, and Germany has a few pending prosecutions, of the other G8 signatories (Russia is not a signatory), Japan and the United Kingdom have brought no prosecutions at all, and Canada and Italy have only brought one each. This is a shockingly low level of enforcement for countries that account for a substantial share of the world's trade and investment.
Following up on their Gleneagles commitments, G8 countries should also report on the extent to which they are cooperating with African governments to ensure prosecution of those engaged in bribery and bribe solicitation.
Increased aid and debt relief
As aid and debt relief for the world's poorest countries is ramped up, Transparency International urges recipient and donor nations to ensure that assistance takes place within a framework of mutual accountability. In countries with weak public financial management and accounting systems, this should include a time-bound programme of measures that can be monitored and that enables involvement of local citizens in all steps of the aid cycle, from needs assessment to monitoring the use of funds, to implementation.
Africa Progress Panel
Peter Eigen, founder of Transparency International and Chairman of its Advisory Council, was appointed by British Prime Minister Tony Blair on 26 June to serve on the independent Africa Progress Panel, which is headed by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, includes Sir Bob Geldof, and is funded by Microsoft President Bill Gates. It is intended to ensure that the G8's promises on governance and aid are not forgotten once the frenzy of a summit dies down. In the coming months, the panel will take up its mission to ensure that G8 commitments are not just an exercise in global public relations, but produce concrete and substantial gains for those most in need.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a voluntary programme that supports improved governance in resource-rich countries through the full publication and verification of company payments and government revenues from oil, gas and mining.
Jesse Garcia
T: +49-171-42-10-789
Barbara Ann Clay
Sarah Tyler
T: +49-30-3438 2019/45


text:
The Rake Magazine
The Rake was a magazine published in the Twin Cities from 2002-08.
You are here: Home / Article / Ballet of The Dolls' Cinderalla and The Glass Slipper
Ballet of The Dolls' Cinderalla and The Glass Slipper
November 17, 2004 by The Rake
So maybe some of us do want sparkle and magic at the theater this time of year—and that's OK! Especially if it's done by Dolls frontman and master choreographer Myron Johnson, who playfully integrates old-fashioned ballroom dance and avant-garde compositions, giving his work an off-kilter texture. His throwback charms are well-suited for revitalizing a familiar fairy tale, and he has vowed to follow closely Cinderella's enchanting storyline. Still, while you might not expect a cross-dressing showgirl as the Fairy Godmother, it's hard not to be suspicious about Johnson's intentions for the belle of the ball. And yet it is a family-friendly show, so bring the young 'uns to revel in the Dolls' madcap dancing, screwball costuming, and offbeat tunes—spiked, no doubt, with a few surprises. 345 Washington St., St. Paul; 651-224-4222; www.balletofthedolls.org
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text:
\section{Introduction}

Obtaining multiple annotator judgements on the same data instances is a common practice in NLP in order to improve the quality of final labels \cite{snow2008cheap,nowak2010reliable}.
Cases of disagreement between annotations are often resolved through majority voting, averaging, or adjudication in order to derive a single  ``ground truth'', often with the aim of training supervised machine learning models.
However, in relatively subjective tasks such as sentiment analysis or offensiveness detection, there often exists no single ``right'' answer \citep{alm2011subjective}. Enforcing such a single ground truth in such tasks will sacrifice valuable nuances about the task that are embedded in annotators' assessments of the stimuli,  especially their disagreements \cite{aroyo2013crowd}.

Annotators' socio-demographic factors, moral values, and lived experiences often influence their interpretations of language, especially in subjective tasks such as identifying political stances \citep{luo-etal-2020-detecting}, sentiment \cite{diaz2018addressing}, and online abuse \cite{waseem2016you,patton2019annotating}.
For instance, feminist and anti-racist activists systematically disagree with crowd workers in their hate speech annotations \cite{waseem2016you}.
Similarly, annotators' political affiliation is shown to correlate with how they annotate the neutrality of political stances \citep{luo-etal-2020-detecting}.
A potential adverse effect of majority voting in such cases is that it may sideline minority perspectives in data.

In this paper, we analyze annotated data for eight different tasks across three different datasets to study the impact of majority voting as an aggregation approach. We answer two questions:

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Q1}: Does aggregated data uniformly capture all annotators' perspectives, when available?
\item \textbf{Q2}: Does aggregated data reflect certain socio-demographic groups' perspectives more so than others?
\end{itemize}

\noindent Our analysis demonstrates that in the annotations for many tasks, the aggregated majority vote does not uniformly reflect the perspectives of all annotators in the annotator pool.
For many tasks in our analysis, a significant proportion of the annotators had very low agreement scores (0 to 0.4) with the majority vote label. While certain individual annotator's labels may have low agreement with the majority label due to valid/expected reasons (e.g., if they produced noisy labels), we further show that these agreement scores may vary significantly across different socio-demographic groups that annotators identify with. This finding has important fairness implications, as it demonstrates how the aggregation step can sometimes cause the final dataset to under-represent certain groups' perspectives.

Meaningfully addressing such issues in multiply-annotated datasets requires understanding and accounting for systematic disagreements between annotators. However, most annotated datasets often only release the aggregated labels, without any annotator-level information.
We argue that dataset developers should consider including annotator-level labels as well as annotators' socio-demographic information (when viable to do so responsibly) when releasing datasets, especially those capturing relatively subjective tasks.
Inclusion of this information will enable more research on how to account for systematic disagreements between annotators in training tasks.

\begin{comment}
In this paper, we argue in favor of including annotator-level labels as well as annotators' socio-demographic information when releasing datasets.
Inclusion of this information will enable more research on how to account for systematic disagreements between annotators in downstream training tasks. To support our argument we analyze the impact of majority voting as an aggregation approach in annotated data for eight different tasks across three different datasets. We ask two questions:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Q1}: Does aggregated data uniformly capture all annotators' perspective, when available? Or, does it reflect certain annotators' perspectives more than others?
\item \textbf{Q2}: Does aggregated data reflect certain socio-demographic groups' perspectives more favorably than others?
\end{itemize}
If the answer to \textbf{Q1} and \textbf{Q2} are both positive, we conclude that not only majority voting is not a justifiable approach for dealing with several annotations and their possible disagreement, but also, socio-demographic information about annotators should be provided for data users in order to identify the effects of annotator differences on subjective tasks and mitigate the impact of imbalances datasets.
\end{comment}

\section{Background}
\label{sec:approaches}

NLP has a long history of developing techniques to interpret subjective language \cite{wiebe2004learning,alm2011subjective}. While all human judgments embed some degree of subjectivity, some tasks such as sentiment analysis \cite{liu2010sentiment}, affect modeling \cite{alm2008affect,liu2003model}, emotion detection \cite{hirschberg2003experiments}, and hate speech detection \cite{warner2012detecting} are agreed upon as relatively more subjective in nature.
As \citet{alm2011subjective} points out, achieving a single \textit{real `ground truth'} is not possible, nor essential in case of such subjective tasks. Instead, we should investigate how to model the subjective interpretations of the annotators, and how to account for them in application scenarios.

However, the current practice in the NLP community continues to be applying different aggregation strategies to arrive at a single score or label that makes it amenable to train and evaluate supervised machine learning models. Oftentimes, datasets are released with only the final scores/labels, essentially obfuscating important nuances in the task. The information released about the annotations
can be at one of the following four levels of information-richness.

Firstly, the most common approach is
one in which multiple annotations obtained for a data instance are aggregated to derive a single ``ground truth'' label, and these labels are the only annotations included in the released dataset (e.g., \citet{founta2018large}). The aggregation strategy most commonly used, especially in large datasets, is \textit{majority voting}, although smaller datasets sometimes use \textit{adjudication} by an `expert' (often one of the study authors themselves) to arrive at a single label (e.g., in \citet{waseem2016hateful}) when there are substantial disagreements between annotators. These aggregation approaches rely on the assumption that there always exist a single correct label, and that either the majority label or the `expert' label is more likely to be that correct label. What it fails to account for is the fact that in many subjective tasks, e.g., detecting hate speech, the perceptions of individual annotators may be as valuable as an `expert' perspective.

Secondly, some datasets (e.g., \citet{Jigsaw-toxic,davidson2017automated}) release the distribution across labels rather than a single aggregated label. In binary classification tasks, this corresponds to the percentage of annotators who chose one of the labels. In multi-class classification, this may be the distribution across labels obtained for an instance.
While this provides more information than a single aggregated label does (e.g., identifies the instances with high disagreement), it fails to capture annotator-level systematic differences.

Thirdly, some datasets release annotations made by each individual annotators in an anonymous fashion (e.g., \citet{kennedy2020gab,Jigsaw-bias}). Such annotator-level labels allow downstream dataset users to investigate and account for systematic differences between individual annotators' perspectives on the tasks, although they do not contain any information about each annotators' socio-cultural backgrounds.
Finally, some recent datasets (e.g., \citet{diaz2018addressing}) also release such socio-demographic information about the annotators in addition to annotator-level labels. This information may include various identity subgroups the annotators self-identify with (e.g., gender, race, age range, etc.), or survey responses from the annotators that capture their value systems, lived experiences, or expertise, as they relate to the specific task at hand. Such information, while tricky to share responsibly, would help enable analysis around representation of marginalized perspectives in datasets, as we demonstrate in the next section.

\input{majority-kappa}

\section{Impacts of Aggregation}
\label{sec:analyses}

In this section, we investigate how the aggregation of multiple annotations to a single label impact representations of individual and group perspectives in the resulting datasets. We analyze annotations for eight binary classification tasks, across three different datasets: hate-speech \cite{kennedy2020gab},  sentiment \cite{diaz2018addressing}, and emotion \cite{demszky2020goemotions}. Table~\ref{tab:datasets} shows the number of instances, annotators and individual annotations present in the datasets. For hate-speech and emotion datasets, we use the binary label in the raw annotations, whereas for the sentiment dataset, we map the 5-point ordinal labels (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2) in the raw data to a binary distinction denoting whether the text was deemed positive or negative.\footnote{We do this mapping for the purposes of this analysis, where we are focusing on binary tasks. Ideally, a more nuanced 5-point labeling schema will be more useful.} While the emotion dataset contains annotations for 28 different emotions, in this work, for brevity, we focused on the annotations for only the six standard Ekman emotions \cite{ekman1992argument} --- \textit{anger}, \textit{disgust}, \textit{fear}, \textit{joy}, \textit{sadness}, and \textit{surprise}. In particular, we use the raw annotations for these six emotions, rather than the mapping of all 28 emotions onto these six emotions that \citet{demszky2020goemotions} use in some of their experiments.

\begin{table}[t!]
\small
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{}lccc@{}}
\toprule
Dataset & \#instances & \#annotators & \#annotations \\% &  Aggregated & Annotator-level & Annotator Demographics\\
\midrule
Hate-speech  & 27,665 & 18 & 86,529\\%& \xmark & \cmark & \xmark \\
Sentiment  & 14,071 & 1,481 & 59,240 \\% & \cmark & \cmark & \cmark \\
Emotion & 58,011 & 82 & 211,225\\%& \cmark & \cmark & \xmark \\

\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Statistics on the three datasets we analyze: Hate-speech \cite{kennedy2020gab},  Sentiment \cite{diaz2018addressing}, and Emotions \cite{demszky2020goemotions}}
\label{tab:datasets}
\end{table}

\input{sentiment-stat}
\subsection{Q1: Do Aggregated Labels Represent Individual Annotators Uniformly?}
First, we investigate whether the aggregated labels obtained through majority labels provide a more or less equal representation for all annotator perspectives.
For this analysis, we calculate the majority label for each instance as the label that half or more annotators who annotated that instance agreed on. We then measure Cohen's Kappa agreement score for each individual annotator's labels and the majority labels on the subset of instances they annotated. While lower agreement scores between some individual annotators and the majority vote is expected (e.g., if the annotator produced noisy labels, or they misunderstood the task), the assumption is that the majority label captures the perspective of the `average human annotator' within the annotator pool.

Figure \ref{fig:majority_kappa} represents the histogram of annotators' agreement scores with majority votes for all eight tasks. While the majority vote in some tasks such as \textit{joy} and \textit{sadness} (to some extent) do represent most of the annotator pool more or less uniformly (i.e., majority vote agrees with most annotators at around the same rate), in most cases, the majority vote under-represents or outright ignores the perspectives of a substantial number of annotators. For instance, majority vote for \textit{disgust} has very low agreement ($\kappa < 0.3$) with almost one-third (27 out of 82) of the annotator pool. Similarly, majority vote for \textit{sentiment} has very low agreement with around one-third (450+) of their annotator pool.

\subsection{Q2: Do Aggregated Labels Represent All Social Groups Uniformly?}

While the analysis on \textbf{Q1} reveals that certain annotator perspectives are more likely to be ignored in the majority vote, it is especially problematic from a fairness perspective, if these differences vary across different social groups. Here, we investigate whether specific socio-demographic groups and their perspectives are unevenly disregarded through annotation aggregation. To this end, we analyze the sentiment analysis dataset \citep{diaz2018addressing} since it includes raw annotations as well as annotators' self-identified socio-demographic information. Furthermore, as observed in Figure \ref{fig:majority_kappa}, a large subset of annotators in this dataset are in low agreement with the aggregated labels.

We study three demographic attributes, namely race, gender, and political affiliation and compare the agreement scores between the aggregated labels and the individual annotators' labels within each group. Figure \ref{fig:sentiment-stat} shows the average and standard deviation of annotators' agreement scores with aggregated labels for each demographic group:
race (\textit{Asian}, \textit{Black}, and \textit{White}), gender (\textit{Male}, and \textit{Female}), and political affiliation (\textit{Conservative}, \textit{Moderate}, and \textit{Liberal}).\footnote{We removed social groups with fewer than 50 annotators from this analysis for lack of sufficient data points. These include other racial groups such as `Middle Eastern' with 2 annotators, `Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander' with 4 annotators, and non-binary gender identity with one annotator).}

We perform three one-way ANOVA tests to test whether annotators belonging to different demographic groups have significantly different agreement scores with the aggregated labels, on average.
The results show significant differences among racial groups ($F(2, 2387)$=3.77, $p$=0.02); in particular, White annotators show an average agreement of 0.42 ($SD$=0.26), significantly higher
$p$=0.03 according to a post-hoc Tukey test) than Black annotators with average of 0.37 ($SD$=0.27).
The difference between average agreement scores across different political groups are not statistically significant, although
moderate annotators on average have higher agreement (0.42) compared to conservative and liberal annotators (0.40 and 0.38, respectively).
Similarly, annotation agreements of male and female annotators are not significantly different.

\begin{comment}

\section{Q1: Annotator Under-Representation}
First, we investigate the extent to which aggregated annotations can provide a uniform representation of all annotator perspectives, and whether this strategy leads to significant under-representation of certain annotators. To this end, we explore eight tasks from three datasets represented in Table \ref{tab:datasets} that include raw annotations (\textbf{L3} or \textbf{L4}). For each data instance, we capture the majority vote based on all available labels and calculate each annotators' agreement with the majority vote based on Cohen's Kappa \citep{cohen1960coefficient}. Figure \ref{fig:majority_kappa} represents the histogram of annotators' agreement with majority votes for eight different tasks: detecting \textit{hate speech} \citep{kennedy2020gab}, \textit{sentiment} \citep{diaz2018addressing}, and emotions -- \textit{anger}, \textit{disgust}, \textit{fear}, \textit{joy}, \textit{sadness}, and \textit{surprise} \citep{demszky2020goemotions}. As the plots denote, in all cases, aggregated labels are not uniformly in agreement with all annotators; while in some tasks (e.g., detecting \textit{joy} and \textit{anger}) there is a smaller variance in annotators' agreement with the majority vote, there are significant number of annotators whose perspectives achieve low agreement (0 to 0.4) with aggregated labels in other tasks.
These results suggest that aggregation, specifically when conducted through majority voting, will lead to imbalances representation of different annotator perspectives in the final dataset.

\section{Q2: Group Under-Representation}
Next, we elaborate on \textbf{Q1} and assess whether annotators' agreement with the aggregated labels is correlated with their socio-demographic information. In other words, we investigate whether specific socio-demographic groups and their perspectives are unevenly disregarded through annotation aggregation. To this end, we analyze an \textbf{L4} dataset for sentiment analysis \citep{diaz2018addressing} which includes raw annotations and annotators' socio-demographic information. As observed previously (see Figure \ref{fig:majority_kappa}), a large subset of annotators in this dataset are in low agreement (0 to 0.4) with the aggregated labels. We focus on three demographic attributes, namely race, gender, and political affiliation and compare annotators within each group based on their agreement with the aggregated label. Figure \ref{fig:sentiment-stat} represents the average and standard deviation of annotator agreement with aggregated labels for each group of annotators with similar demographic attributes according to their race (\textit{asian}, \textit{black}, and \textit{white}), gender (\textit{male}, and \textit{female}), and political affiliation (\textit{conservative}, \textit{moderate}, and \textit{liberal}).

Our analysis shows a significant difference in annotator agreements with aggregated labels among different racial groups ($F(2,2387)$=3.77, $p$=0.02), as White annotators show an average agreement of 0.42 ($SD$=0.26), significantly higher ($p$=0.03) than Black annotators with average of 0.37 ($SD$=0.27), and Asian annotators with an average of 0.44 ($SD$=0.26) do not show significant difference with other two groups. The average agreements are not significantly different among different political groups ($F(2,1440)$=1.82, $p$=0.16), as moderate annotators on average have 0.42 ($SD$=0.26) agreement with the aggregated labels and conservative and liberal annotators have an average agreement of 0.40 ($SD$=0.26) and 0.38 ($SD$=0.27) respectively. Moreover, annotation agreements of male annotators ($M$=0.42 ,$SD$=0.26) are not significantly different ($F(1,1440)$=0.13, $p$=0.72) from female annotators ($M$=0.41, $SD$=0.26).

\input{sentiment-stat}

\end{comment}

\section{Utility of Annotator-level Labels}

Another argument in favor of retaining annotator-level labels is their utility in modeling disagreement during training and evaluation.
\citet{prabhakaran2012statistical} and
\newcite{plank2014learning} incorporated annotator disagreement in the loss functions used during training to improve predictive performance.
\citet{cohn2013modelling} and \citet{fornaciari-etal-2021-beyond} use a multi-task approach to incorporate annotator disagreements to improve machine translation and part-of-speech tagging performance, respectively.
\citet{chou2019every} and \citet{guan2018said} developed learning architectures that model individual annotators as a way to improved performance. \citet{wich2020investigating} show the utility of detecting clusters of annotators in hate-speech detection based on how often they agree with each other. Finally, \citet{davani2021dealing} introduce a multi-annotator architecture  that models each annotators' perspectives separately using a multi-task approach. They demonstrate that this architecture helps to model uncertainty in predictions, without any significant loss of accuracy or efficiency.
This array of recent work further demonstrates the utility of retaining annotator-level information in the datasets for downstream modeling steps.

\section{Discussion and Conclusion}
Building models to predict or measure subjective phenomena based on human annotations should involve explicit consideration for the unique perspectives each annotator brings forth in their annotations. Annotators are not interchangeable-- that is, they draw from their socially-embedded experiences and knowledge when making annotation judgments. As a result, retaining their perspectives separately in the datasets will enable dataset users to account for these differences according to their needs.
We demonstrated that annotation aggregation may unfairly disregard perspectives of certain annotators, and sometimes certain socio-demographic groups.
Based on our analysis, we propose three recommendations aimed to avoid these issues:

\paragraph{Annotator-level labels:}
We urge dataset developers to release the annotator-level labels, preferably in an anonymous fashion, and leave open the choice of whether and how to utilize or aggregate these labels for the dataset users.

\paragraph{Socio-demographic information:}
Sociodemographic identity of the annotators is crucial to ascertain that the datasets (and the models trained on them) equitably represent perspectives of various social groups. We urge dataset developers to include socio-demographic information of annotators, when viable to do so responsibly.

\paragraph{Documentation about recruitment, selection, and assignment of annotators:}
Finally, we urge dataset developers to document how the annotators were recruited, the criteria used to select them and assign data to them, and any efforts to ensure representational diversity, through transparency artefacts such datasheets \cite{gebru2018datasheets} or data statements \cite{bender2018data}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

We thank Ben Hutchinson for valuable feedback on the manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their feedback.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Last Call For Equality, Even In Kentucky
The string of federal judges who have declared the Supreme Court's ruling on DOMA to mean that states must recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states as legal grew by one yesterday...and that state was, of all places, right here in Kentucky.
In Wednesday's ruling, U.S. District Judge John G. Heyburn II was not asked to decide whether Kentucky itself must issue marriage licenses to gay couples. But he said "there is no doubt that Windsor and this court's analysis suggest a possible result to that question."
Heyburn was asked by four same-sex couples — married in either Canada or U.S. states that allow such unions — to make Kentucky recognize their marriages.
"It is clear that Kentucky's laws treat gay and lesbian persons differently in a way that demeans them," Heyburn wrote.
Striking them down, he said, will "make real the promise of equal protection under the law. It will profoundly affect validly married same-sex couples' experience of living in the commonwealth and elevate their marriage to an equal status in the eyes of state law."
Since Judge Heyburn was appointed by Poppy Bush on the recommendation of a Senator at the time by the name of Mitch McConnell, Turtle Boy's primary opponent, Matt Bevin, is blaming him for this JUDICIAL OVERREACH WITH LOTS OF EXCLAMATION POINTS.
"It is no surprise that Judge Heyburn was Mitch McConnell's general counsel, and McConnell recommended him for the federal bench. Kentucky deserves better," Bevin said in a statement.
The Madison Project, a conservative group backing Bevin also sent out a press release headlined, "A McConnell crony forces gay marriage on Kentucky."
McConnell trashed the ruling too.
On Wednesday, McConnell said in a statement that the courts should not stepped in and the 2004 state constitutional amendment barring same-sex marriage should stand.
"I am a traditionalist and support that position, but regardless of one's personal view on the issue, we should be able to agree that only the people of Kentucky, through the legislative process, should have the authority to change the law, not the courts," McConnell said in a statement.
Alison Grimes's camp released a very...careful...statement.
Democrat Alison Lundergan Grimes issued an oblique statement appearing to support gay marriage but saying the courts shouldn't have stepped in.
"Alison has been married for seven years and has stated publicly that she wouldn't want to deny other couples the opportunity to make that same commitment," spokeswoman Charly Norton said in statement. "She's also made clear that while the Supreme Court has ruled that state sovereignty applies, churches should not be forced to recognize anything inconsistent with their teachings,"
When asked to clarify, Norton said, the statement "means that that's where she personally stands, but that state sovereignty should be respected."
Take that as you will. It's Kentucky, folks. Grimes can't exactly come out and say "Hooray for same-sex marriage!" even if she is a Democrat in this state. Well, she could, but she won't.
StupidiTags(tm): 2014 Election, Alison Lundergan Grimes, Equality Stupidity, Old-Age Mutant Nimrod Turtle
Chattanooga Hardball
Next time you hear someone complain about how Obama "targets his political enemies" point them to this example of Republicans openly threatening to pass legislation to hurt those who don't agree with them politically by punishing hundreds of working Americans in Tennessee.
The crusade by anti-union forces in Tennessee, including the state's governor and senior senator, is as much a fight with Volkswagen management as with the UAW.
Not only are Republican legislators accusing Volkswagen of backing the UAW, some of their leaders on Monday threatened to withhold tax incentives for future expansion of the three-year-old assembly plant in Chattanooga if workers vote this week to join the UAW.
About 1,500 workers will vote from Wednesday through Friday in an election that the National Labor Relations Board will conduct.
The company plans to expand in Chattanooga or at a Mexican plant to produce a midsize SUV. Overall, Volkswagen intends to invest about $7 billion in North America over the next five years to achieve a goal of selling more than 1 million Volkswagen and Audi vehicles in the U.S. by 2018.
"It has been widely reported that Volkswagen has promoted a campaign that has been unfair, unbalanced and, quite frankly, un-American in the traditions of American labor campaigns," State Sen. Bo Watson, R-Chattanooga, said in a statement sent to the Free Press. "Should the workers choose to be represented by the United Auto Workers, then I believe additional incentives for expansion will have a very tough time passing the Tennessee Senate."
This is an open, bald threat made by bullying Republicans. They are apparently threatening to hurt Volkswagen to the point of making them take the 1500 Tennessee jobs and move them to Mexico rather than have them vote to be represented by the UAW as auto workers.
This is what Republicans do with power. Just like Chris Christie, just like Scott Walker, just like this. They punish those who they don't agree with every chance they get. Because if they vote to be represented by a union, which is something Volkswagen is okay with, being a German company that has trade unions and recognizes their benefits, then the workers at the Chattanooga plant must be destroyed, their jobs destroyed, their livelihood destroyed.
They are the party of fear and hatred, period. Republicans destroy.
Posted by Zandar Permalink 4:00:00 PM 2 comments: Somebody Noticed!
StupidiTags(tm): Economic Stupidity, GOP Stupidity, Wingnut Stupidity
Cruz-in' For A Bruisin'
That clean debt celing hike the House passed isn't signed into law yet, folks. It still has to get past the Senate, and GOP Sen. Ted "Government Shutdown" Cruz of Texas says he'll filibuster and force Sen. Harry Reid and the Democrats to come up with 60 votes.
Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) will push a 60-vote threshold, meaning he's threatening to filibuster, on a clean debt ceiling increase extension.
Cruz's office confirmed the Texas senator's plans to TPM on Tuesday afternoon.
Cruz's move means lawmakers will need to rally 60 votes in the chamber to pass the bill, and Democrats only control 55 votes.
The announcement came the same day that House Republicans dropped a previous debt ceiling increase proposal and embraced a clean hike instead.
Oh, what's your big plan, Ted?
"Historically, the debt ceiling has proven the most effective leverage for reining in spending; 28 times, Congress has attached meaningful conditions to debt ceiling increases. We should do so again to address the real problem. I intend to object to any effort to raise the debt ceiling on a 50-vote threshold. I will insist instead on a 60-vote threshold, and if Republicans stand together we can demand meaningful spending restraint to help pull our Nation back from the fiscal and economic cliff."
Sure, just like they stood together on the government shutdown. Somehow I'm betting Harry Reid will get at least 5 Republicans, and this will pass.
Of course, if it doesn't, Ted Cruz and the GOP will get the blame.
A recent CNN/ORC International poll found that 54% of respondents would blame congressional Republicans for a failure to raise the debt ceiling, while 29% would blame Obama and 12% would blame both.
A majority would blame the GOP solely, and two-thirds would assign at least some blame to the Republicans. Sure, Ted. This seems like another winning strategy. But please, take Obamacare off the front pages and replace them with shutdown talk. The Dems will thank you for it.
StupidiTags(tm): Economic Stupidity, GOP Stupidity, Jack Lew, Obama Derangement Syndrome, Ted Cruz Con(Man)servative, Wingnut Stupidity
A series of avalanches in the western US this week have killed six across Utah, Colorado, and Oregon.
Washington State police say a man caught on a grocery store security tape trying to fondle an 11-year old girl is also a wanted fugitive who bombed several abortion clinics decades ago.
Virtual currency Bitcoin is under attack from hackers who are disrupting transactions and exchange operations with "mutating" code.
Two Hong Kong trading firms have agreed to $11 million in SEC fines for improperly trading news of a Chinese venture capital group buying a Canadian energy company.
The FBI is offering a $10,000 reward for reports of people using high-intensity laser pointers at commercial aircraft as incidents have increased tenfold since 2005.
Posted by Zandar Permalink 7:00:00 AM 1 comment: Somebody Noticed!


Geoffrey Gordon Brown, aged 71, passed away June 21, 2017 at his home in Excelsior Springs, Mo., due to heart disease.
Geoff was born May 20, 1946 in Pittsburg, Pa.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Paul Lamont Brown and Martha Graham Harbison Brown.
He is survived by his children, Buffy Hileah (Brown) Johnson, Matthew Gordon Brown, Robert Travis Brown, Lanny Paul Brown and Jedediah Edward Brown, as well as his grandchildren, Ethan Brown, Ella Brown, Ellye Johnson and Aeva Johnson.
Geoff was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Fishing River Ward.
His children will have a private gathering and remembrance within the coming weeks. They wish to offer their gratitude and kindness to the many friends who have reached out and shared such kindness and love.


text:
1st Degree Aggravated Domestic Assault
Dianne Horn, 50, of Brattleboro, VT
Officer Abualjadail
On 12/25/21, the Brattleboro Police Department responded to a residence off of Meadowbrook Road for a report of a woman attempting to use a knife to harm her long term partner. Investigation revealed that Dianne Horn had repeatedly attacked the person throughout the night and at one point had retrieved a knife in an effort to stab them. The victim sustained minor injuries that were not considered life-threatening.
Horn was arrested, transported back to the Brattleboro Police Department, and released on conditions. Horn was ordered to appear before the Windham County Superior Court at 12:30 p.m. on 12/27/2021 to answer to the charge of First Degree Aggravated Domestic Assault.
Anyone arrested or cited by the Brattleboro police department is presumed innocent until convicted of a crime in court.
1st Degree Aggravated Assault, Aggravated Assault, Unlawful Mischief, Disorderly Conduct, Resisting Arrest
Dylan Chambers, 24, of Brattleboro, VT
Officer Law
On 8/28/21 at approximately 1445 hours the Brattleboro Police Department responded to a restaurant on Putney Rd. for a 911 call about a male attempting to assault two females and was destroying their vehicle. There was several separate 911 calls regarding this incident as well.
Upon arrival Dylan Chambers was holding a metal pole and was acting in an aggressive manner. Chambers continued to act irrational and was yelling and screaming and would not put the pole down. Chambers threw the pole into the front windshield of the vehicle. Chambers was eventually arrested by the Brattleboro Police and transported to the Brattleboro Memorial Hospital for non-life threatening injuries.
Chambers was later transported to the Brattleboro Police where he was held on conditions and without bail. No other parties were injured during this incident. Chambers was charged with 1st Degree Aggravated Domestic, Aggravated Assault, Disorderly Conduct, Unlawful Mischief and Resisting Arrest. Chambers will appear at the Windham County Superior Court: Criminal Division on 8/30/21.
1st Degree Aggravated Domestic Assault, Aggravated Assault, Assault on a Protcected Professional; Bodily Fluids, Resisting Arrest, Disorderly Conduct
Janna Jarvis, 45, of Brattleboro, VT
Officer Carbone
On August 28, 2021, Officers of the Brattleboro Police Department responded to a residence on South Main Street for a reported family fight. Subsequent investigation found that Janna R Jarvis had assaulted her partner. Jarvis was placed under arrest for 1st Degree Aggravated Domestic Assault. While Jarvis was being taken into custody, she became aggressive and assaultive towards the Officers. Due to her behavior, Jarvis will also face charges of Aggravated Assault, Assault on Law Enforcement, Resisting Arrest, and Disorderly Conduct. Jarvis was ordered to be held without bail, and was arrainged on her charges on August 30, 2021, at the Windham County Superior Court.
Tigerlillie Dickson, 24, of Brattleboro, VT
On August 4, 2021, Officers of the Brattleboro Police Department responded to a hotel on Canal Street for a reported citizen assist. Subsequent investigation found that Tigerlillie Dickson had threatened her significant other with a deadly weapon. Dickson was placed under arrest for First Degree Aggravated Domestic Assault and transported to the Brattleboro Police Department. Dickson was later issued conditions and a citation to appear in the Windham County Superior Court; Criminal Division on August 17, 2021.
1st Degree Domestic
Devon Wayans, 30, of CT
On 8/23/21 at approximately 1700 hrs Brattleboro Police responded to the intersection of Estey St. and Organ St. for a report of an assault.
Police contacted and interviewed the victim as to what had transpired. The victim stated that she had been assaulted by her boyfriend, and that the male had stolen her phone.
Police continued to speak with the victim, who recalled previous events of domestic abuse.
The male, identified as Devon Wayans, was later located and placed under arrest. The male was transported to the Brattleboro Police Department, where he was lodged and held without bail.
Wayans will appear at Windham County Superior Court on 8/24/21 at 1230 to answer to the following charges:
Domestic Assault.
1st Degree Aggravated Domestic Assault (X3)
Interference with Access to Emergency Services.
Larceny from a Person.
Criminal Threatening.
1st Degree Domestic, Possession of Fentanyl, False Info
Jamie White, 30, of Greenfield, MA
On 8/22/21 Brattleboro Police responded to a lodging establishment on Canal St. for a reported family fight.
Upon arrival Police identified the involved parties, and observed the victim to need medical assistance. EMS was requested, and the female party was transported to the Hospital with serious, non life threatening injuries.
It was determined that the male half; Jamie White, had caused serious bodily injury to his female partner. Furthermore, White lied about his identity, and caused damage to property that was not his.
During the investigation, probable cause was developed that illegal drugs were in the room. Police executed a search warrant on the room to investigate the potential of illegal drugs in the room, and to gather further evidence for the crime of Domestic Assault.
The search warrant yielded a felony amount of Fentanyl, prescription pills, and further evidence in regards to the Domestic Violence charge.
White was ordered held in lieu of bail. White will appear at Windham County Superior Court on 8/23/21 to answer the charges of 1st Degree Agg. Domestic, False Info, Unlawful Mischief, Possession of Fentanyl, and Possession of Prescription Pills without a Prescription.


text:
import proto  # type: ignore

from google.ads.googleads.v10.resources.types import ad_group_label
from google.rpc import status_pb2  # type: ignore

__protobuf__ = proto.module(
    package="google.ads.googleads.v10.services",
    marshal="google.ads.googleads.v10",
    manifest={
        "MutateAdGroupLabelsRequest",
        "AdGroupLabelOperation",
        "MutateAdGroupLabelsResponse",
        "MutateAdGroupLabelResult",
    },
)

class MutateAdGroupLabelsRequest(proto.Message):
    r"""Request message for
    [AdGroupLabelService.MutateAdGroupLabels][google.ads.googleads.v10.services.AdGroupLabelService.MutateAdGroupLabels].

    Attributes:
        customer_id (str):
            Required. ID of the customer whose ad group
            labels are being modified.
        operations (Sequence[google.ads.googleads.v10.services.types.AdGroupLabelOperation]):
            Required. The list of operations to perform
            on ad group labels.
        partial_failure (bool):
            If true, successful operations will be
            carried out and invalid operations will return
            errors. If false, all operations will be carried
            out in one transaction if and only if they are
            all valid. Default is false.
        validate_only (bool):
            If true, the request is validated but not
            executed. Only errors are returned, not results.
    """

    customer_id = proto.Field(
        proto.STRING,
        number=1,
    )
    operations = proto.RepeatedField(
        proto.MESSAGE,
        number=2,
        message="AdGroupLabelOperation",
    )
    partial_failure = proto.Field(
        proto.BOOL,
        number=3,
    )
    validate_only = proto.Field(
        proto.BOOL,
        number=4,
    )

class AdGroupLabelOperation(proto.Message):
    r"""A single operation (create, remove) on an ad group label.

    This message has `oneof`_ fields (mutually exclusive fields).
    For each oneof, at most one member field can be set at the same time.
    Setting any member of the oneof automatically clears all other
    members.

    .. _oneof: https://proto-plus-python.readthedocs.io/en/stable/fields.html#oneofs-mutually-exclusive-fields

    Attributes:
        create (google.ads.googleads.v10.resources.types.AdGroupLabel):
            Create operation: No resource name is
            expected for the new ad group label.

            This field is a member of `oneof`_ ``operation``.
        remove (str):
            Remove operation: A resource name for the ad group label
            being removed, in this format:

            ``customers/{customer_id}/adGroupLabels/{ad_group_id}~{label_id}``

            This field is a member of `oneof`_ ``operation``.
    """

    create = proto.Field(
        proto.MESSAGE,
        number=1,
        oneof="operation",
        message=ad_group_label.AdGroupLabel,
    )
    remove = proto.Field(
        proto.STRING,
        number=2,
        oneof="operation",
    )

class MutateAdGroupLabelsResponse(proto.Message):
    r"""Response message for an ad group labels mutate.

    Attributes:
        partial_failure_error (google.rpc.status_pb2.Status):
            Errors that pertain to operation failures in the partial
            failure mode. Returned only when partial_failure = true and
            all errors occur inside the operations. If any errors occur
            outside the operations (e.g. auth errors), we return an RPC
            level error.
        results (Sequence[google.ads.googleads.v10.services.types.MutateAdGroupLabelResult]):
            All results for the mutate.
    """

    partial_failure_error = proto.Field(
        proto.MESSAGE,
        number=3,
        message=status_pb2.Status,
    )
    results = proto.RepeatedField(
        proto.MESSAGE,
        number=2,
        message="MutateAdGroupLabelResult",
    )

class MutateAdGroupLabelResult(proto.Message):
    r"""The result for an ad group label mutate.

    Attributes:
        resource_name (str):
            Returned for successful operations.
    """

    resource_name = proto.Field(
        proto.STRING,
        number=1,
    )

__all__ = tuple(sorted(__protobuf__.manifest))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Time: 8:00pm. Admission: No cover. Age restrictions: All Ages. Bad has been playing Backwoods since the dawn of the century. Want to make the trip? Hit the "Connect" button in the site menu and let us know!
Time: 5:00pm. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 1408 Williamson Street. Venue phone: (608) 467-2021. Joining Christine Costanzo and Nick Costanzo for the 4th Grade Art Show "Art Bikes" reception. Free event, free snacks!
Time: 9:00pm. Admission: $7. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 610 North Street. Venue phone: (608) 422-5646. Brad is back with Pearl Handle, opening for local heroes The Reptile Palace Orchestra. This event will warm your cockles.
Time: 4:00pm. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: shipping 5445 East Cheryl Parkway. Venue phone: (608) 274-4330. Brad will be playing solo (with a six-string!), then joining the Flexi Blues Band on drums. No cover.
Time: 7:00pm. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 5808 Thrush Lane. Brad will be trading tunes with guitar/tuba maestro Reid Johnston. No cover.
Time: 5:15pm. Admission: Suggested donation: 10 cents. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 1824 Yahara Place. Venue phone: (608) 347-6759. Brad will be back on Chris's Front porch for yet another Make Music Madison set. Show up at 4:30 to see him accompany Chris on his electrical guitar.
Time: 7:30pm. Age restrictions: All Ages. Brad will be playing electric guitar, lap steel, ukulele, etc. with Hi Owls and Ingenious Whittler. There will probably be a solo set as well. This is a semi-private event. Contact Brad if you're in the area and would like to attend!
Time: 9:00pm. Admission: $7.00. Age restrictions: No Minors. Address: 1302 Williamson St.. Venue phone: (608) 256-2953. The second Pearl Handle gig! Opening for the Sean Michael Dargan Trio.
Time: 3:00pm. Admission: No cover!. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 1824 Yahara Place. Venue phone: (608) 347-6759. Brad will be performing a solo set from 3:00 to 4:00, then accompanying Christine Costanzo for her set. Related post.
Time: 9:00pm. Age restrictions: All Ages. Brad will be accompanied by Reid Johnston on tuba, Mary Gaines on cello, and Chris Wagoner on everything else. This is a semi-private event. Contact Brad if you're in the area and would like to attend! Related post.
Time: 2:15pm. Admission: $10 suggested donation. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 701 East Washington Avenue. Venue phone: (608) 268-1122. CANCELED! I'll be joining the Getaway Drivers on lead guitar at Wurst Times VI Related post.
Time: 10:00pm. Address: 3937 N. Lincoln Ave.. Venue phone: (773) 528-3700. This is an Ingenious Whittler show! Brad will be strapping on his shiny guitar for this one!
Time: 5:00pm. Admission: No cover. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 1824 Yahara Place. Venue phone: (608) 347-6759. This show is part of Make Music Madison. I'll be playing at Eken Park earlier in the day.
Time: 3:00pm. Admission: Free. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 2407 Coolidge St.. Biff Blumfumgagnge will be joining me on fiddle for this one!
Time: 11:00am. Admission: Suggested Donation of $10.00. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: High Noon Saloon (outdoor stage) 701 E. Washington. Venue phone: (608) 268-1122. Brad will be playing guitar with the Sills.
Time: 5:30pm. Admission: $5.00. Age restrictions: No Minors. Address: 701 East Washington Avenue. Venue phone: (608) 268-1122. Playing lead guitar with Christine Costanzo. Also appearing: Rob Clark and Nick Constanzo.
Time: 10:00pm. Admission: No Cover!. Address: 1980 Atwood Ave.. Venue phone: 608-204-7644. Brad Graham and Greg Thornburg host the Open Mic Variety Show!
Time: 8:00pm. Admission: No cover!. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 11 N Allen Street. Venue phone: (608) 231-0100.
Time: 3:00pm. Admission: No cover!. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 1824 Yahara Place. Venue phone: (608) 347-6759.
Time: 6:00am. Age restrictions: All Ages. Backwoods is a semi-private event. Please let me know if you are in the area and would like to attend! Related post.
Time: 7:00pm. Admission: No cover!. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 102 W Main St.. Venue phone: (608) 437-6020. Brad will be playing solo material and accompanying Christine Costanzo on electric guitar.
Time: 8:00pm. Admission: $3. Age restrictions: All Ages. Address: 953 Jenifer Street. Venue phone: (608) 233-5687. Brad will be playing a solo set, then accompanying Christine Costanzo on electric guitar.
Time: 7:00pm. Admission: No cover!. Address: 701 E. Washington Ave.. Venue phone: (608) 661-8599. Brad will be playing a solo set, then accompanying headliner Christine Costanzo on electric guitar.


The Silverstone 15x6-6 Turf Rib offers a good combination of traction, durability and is a low impact multi-rib tire. The Ribbed desigen has a high quality construction providing excellent durability and wear resistance. An excellent tire for a variety of small equipment applications. OTR Ribbed tires protect the turf. Used for front steering applications. Comparable to Carlisle Straight Rib, Greenball GBC Multi Rib, KendaK401X, Deli S317 and Deestone D837 15X6.00X6 Ribbed tires.


A considerable amount of my time is spent researching. For everything I do. KONK Life column, blog talk radio show, the daily blog, and for the books in process I am writing. I enjoy/love doing it!
Permit me to briefly share what goes into the weekly KONK Life column as an example.
First, I need a topic. A subject to explore. I search for the generally unknown. Also for one that appeals to me personally. When a topic crystallizes, I search the internet for further information.
The unfortunate thing is that after I give the topic the internet run, it turns out not to be as I thought. So it is back to searching for a topic again.
I am supposed to have the column into KONK Life by wednesday each week for publication the following wednesday. It is thursday this week and I do not have a column yet. It could take me through sunday. The two items I thought had appeal fell apart upon research. I am still looking. I fear not. Something always comes up. Like a bolt out of the blue!
A good chunk of my yesterday was spent researching.
The only break was a walk once again at Home Depot.
Last night was Don's Place. I stopped in around six. Don, David and John at the bar. I sat with them. The chatting continued for more than two hours. First with all three. Then we lost David. John followed soon thereafter. It was Don and me till Larry showed up. The three of us finished the evening..
A good time out. Pleasant company. Many things discussed. One of course was bocce. We play tonight. Our team has started with a bang. We are 8-1. The team we play tonight is 9-0. The opposition is a good team. Better than us. We have had experience with them. They beat us the last two times we played.
It will be an interesting evening.
Syracuse plays its final game of the season saturday. Against North Carolina State. Both teams are 18-12. Should be a good game.
Have to hustle. A haircut appointment with Lori this morning.


Prored Light is a trademark of Tour de Force Font Foundry & Slobodan Jelesijevic.
Petala Pro Bold is a trademark of Marconi Lima/Typefolio Digital Foundry.
CF Nostalgia is a trademark of CloutierFontes.
CF Nostalgia Regular is a font by CloutierFontes, designed by Steve Cloutier in 2013.
Lausanne is a trademark of Ivan Filipov, Neogrey Ltd.
Copyright (c) 2015 by Ivan Filipov, Neogrey Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: How to load the configurations from .env during the app startup? I have a quasar app that uses DOTENV - Quasar Framework app extension to load configurations from file .env.
When the quasar app gets build, then it will load all the configurations from .env file but I want to load the .env file when the app get started.
The app runs on Kubernetes and all the configurations are stored asConfigMap. During the container startup, I mount the .env file as the following:
      containers:
        - name: argo-ui-test
          image: "example.io/ui/argo-ui-test:0.1.9"
          volumeMounts:
          - name: svc-config-url
            mountPath: /app/.env
            subPath: .env
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 8080
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /
              port: http
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /
              port: http
          resources:
            {}
      volumes:
        - name: svc-config-url
          configMap:
            name: svc-url

When I look inside the container, the file has been successfully mounted:
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4096 Oct 17 10:33 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4096 Oct 17 10:33 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    97 Oct 17 10:33 .env
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   494 Oct  6 09:12 50x.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 17 09:33 css
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16645 Oct 17 09:33 favicon.ico
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 17 09:33 fonts
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 17 09:33 icons
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   905 Oct 17 09:33 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 17 09:33 js
I have no name!@argo-ui-test-5c65cb78dc-jnshk:/app$ cat .env
KC_SVC_URL=https://oic.dev.example.io/auth/
USER_SVC_URL=https://user.dev.svc.example.io/api/

The quasar app does not load the configurations from .env file when it starts.
What am I doing wrong?

A: The environment variables actually get referenced and baked into the built artifacts at build time (npm build stage), not run time.
If you want to change them at run time. you have to do a little more work. one method that works with me is providing a custom entry point shell script (in your docker file for example):
CMD ["sh", "/entrypoint.sh"]

And the shell script would have:
#!/bin/sh

# Replace env vars in JavaScript files
echo "Replacing env vars in JS"
for file in app/js/app.*.js;
do
  echo "Processing $file ...";

  # Use the existing JS file as template
  if [ ! -f $file.tmpl.js ]; then
    cp $file $file.tmpl.js
  fi

  envsubst '$VUE_APP_BACKEND_HOST' < $file.tmpl.js > $file
done

echo "Starting Nginx"
nginx -g 'daemon off;'

This will change any instances of $VUE_APP_BACKEND_HOST from the built code with the current environment variable passed to the kube pod/docker run, this shell actually starts an nginx to serve the files, but you can change it to anything you want
I also use this script as a helper in the App to reference all vars from one place, i only use .env files during development, when deploying i use config maps to map these values directly to env vars.

export default class Configuration {
  static get CONFIG () {
    return {
      backendHost: '$VUE_APP_BACKEND_HOST',
    }
  }

  static value (name) {
    if (!(name in this.CONFIG)) {
      console.log(`Configuration: There is no key named "${name}"`)
      return
    }

    const value = this.CONFIG[name]

    if (!value) {
      console.log(`Configuration: Value for "${name}" is not defined`)
      return
    }

    if (value.startsWith('$VUE_APP_')) {
      // value was not replaced, it seems we are in development.
      // Remove $ and get current value from process.env
      const envName = value.substr(1)
      const envValue = process.env[envName]
      if (envValue) {
        return envValue
      } else {
        console.log(`Configuration: Environment variable "${envName}" is not defined`)
      }
    } else {
      // value was already replaced, it seems we are in production.
      return value
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange