text:
Q: How to handle queries of 500M+ items The structure of my data is the following:
date: <timestamp>
filter_a: <integer> -> range [0, 1000]
filter_b: <integer> -> range [0, 1000]
filter_c: <integer> -> range [0, 86400]
filter_d: <integer> -> range [0, 6]
group: <string>
second_group: <integer>
variable_a: <float>
variable_b: <float>
variable_c: <float>
a couple more no very important

I need to perform the following queries:
First:

*

*Filter data by date, filter_a, filter_b, filter_c and others

Second, with the filtered data:

*

*count all records

*get average of variable_a, variable_b and variable_c

*get standard deviation of variable_a, variable_b and variable_c

*get quartiles  of variable_a, variable_b and variable_c

*group data by group or second_group and aggregate(Count, Avg, Std, ..)

The number of the system's users is about 10 or 15, but the number of items is huge, right now it is 70M but it will be 500M in a couple of weeks and it will be 1000M in about a year.
The number of queries is small, no more than 10 users concurrently, my problem is how to handle those queries with this huge amount of data.
What have I tried so far?

*

*I started with mongodb, at the beginning it was fast but it became slow when calculating quartiles with 10M+. It improved when I added indexes but it didn't help very much when I had to query all data. I started using mongodb because data was very dynamic but luckily the data format "isn't going to change anymore".

*As filter_a and filter_b could be seen like nodes, I tried neo4j. I liked it neo4j very much but my graph had A LOT of edges so that queries wasn't very fast.

*Finally, since data format isn't going to change and it is only one collection/table so needs no joins in SQL, I checked postgresql. My tests has been faster with postgresql, but I'm scared it could not scale properly in the future.
What do I need?

*

*Is postgresql a good choice for this case?

*Is there another kind of database I could use? which one is the best for this case?

*What else could I do to improve it?

Edit

*

*About 1M of elements are inserted every day and "should not change" along the time.

*Write speed is not important

*The hard requirement is to read/aggregate fast
Thanks!

A: Instead of leaning on a relational database to perform these statistical calculations on time-series data, I'd suggest that you move this math and post-processing work outside of the database into a client application.
Using a scripting language like Python or Ruby, you can incremental solve the problem by querying for "chunks" of data over a fixed-width period of time, compute an intermediate statistical summary, and then combine the results across multiple chunks, as you loop over the whole history.  Some statistical measures are hard to combine across chunks, but something like Avg() only needs sum() and count() per chunk, O(1) vs. O(chunksize), so chunk-merging may scale well.

A: Since your data doesn't change, and it's only appended, I would store the data wherever you like; Amazon S3 for example, but any fast-reading database will be ok. No indexes. The database/FS you choose should have the option to read the data in buckets: you could have, for example, one file per day with your 1M records.
Then I would use Spark to do the filtering/analysis. It's cluster based, you can scale it to your needs.

A: Response depend from way you going to use data after this. If for processing better use Cassandra, if for analysis better use Hive.

A: This kind of situation is ideal for data warehousing, using the techniques perfected by Ralph Kimball and co., on platforms like SQL Server (the one I'm most familiar with). They were designed specifically with this type of scenario in mind: huge amounts of records of data that is relatively static, for which you need to calculate aggregates of this kind. No relational technique will be a match for properly implemented data warehousing in applications of this kind, although some will certainly be better than others if your organization simply can't afford the licenses for the software packages (like SQL Server Analysis Services) that implement them. There is also a learning curve to implementing languages like MDX that are tailor-made for this kind of data access. If data warehousing is a viable option for your organization though, then don't waste time looking for a relational solution; this is not a relational database problem. I can post some basic references to Kimball etc. and links to SSAS and MDX (sorry I can't help with Oracle and others competitors I'm not familiar with) documentation if need be. I hope that helps.


text:
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="UrlPattern.cs" company="Andrew Forrest">©2013 Andrew Forrest</copyright>
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
// not use this file except in compliance with the License. Copy of
// license at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// This software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES
// OR CONDITIONS. See License for specific permissions and limitations.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace Dysphoria.Net.UrlRouting
{
	using Dysphoria.Net.UrlRouting.PathComponents;

	/// <summary>
	/// Zero-parameter UrlPattern. See <see cref="AbstractUrlPattern"/>
	/// </summary>
	public class UrlPattern : AbstractUrlPattern
	{
		private readonly AppLocalUrl url;

		public UrlPattern(string pattern)
			: base(0, pattern)
		{
			this.url = new AppLocalUrl(pattern);
		}

		public AppLocalUrl Url
		{
			get { return this.url; }
		}

		public static implicit operator AppLocalUrl(UrlPattern p)
		{
			return p.Url;
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// One-parameter UrlPattern. See <see cref="AbstractUrlPattern"/>
	/// </summary>
	public class UrlPattern<T0> : AbstractUrlPattern
	{
		private readonly UrlArgument<T0> param0;

		public UrlPattern(string pattern, UrlArgument<T0> param0)
			: base(1, pattern, param0)
		{
			this.param0 = param0;
		}

		public UrlArgument<T0> Param0 { get { return this.param0; } }

		public AppLocalUrl With(T0 p0)
		{
			return this.PotentialUrlWith(
				Querify(this.Param0, p0),
				Stringify(this.Param0, p0, 0));
		}

		public AppLocalUrl this[T0 p0]
		{
			get { return this.With(p0); }
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Two-parameter UrlPattern. See <see cref="AbstractUrlPattern"/>
	/// </summary>
	public class UrlPattern<T0, T1> : AbstractUrlPattern
	{
		private readonly SimpleUrlComponent<T0> param0;
		private readonly UrlArgument<T1> param1;

		public UrlPattern(string pattern, SimpleUrlComponent<T0> param0, UrlArgument<T1> param1)
			: base(2, pattern, param0, param1)
		{
			this.param0 = param0;
			this.param1 = param1;
		}

		public SimpleUrlComponent<T0> Param0 { get { return this.param0; } }

		public UrlArgument<T1> Param1 { get { return this.param1; } }

		public AppLocalUrl With(T0 p0, T1 p1)
		{
			return this.PotentialUrlWith(
				Querify(this.param1, p1),
				Stringify(this.Param0, p0, 0),
				Stringify(this.Param1, p1, 1));
		}

		public AppLocalUrl this[T0 p0, T1 p1]
		{
			get { return this.With(p0, p1); }
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Three-parameter UrlPattern. See <see cref="AbstractUrlPattern"/>
	/// </summary>
	public class UrlPattern<T0, T1, T2> : AbstractUrlPattern
	{
		private readonly SimpleUrlComponent<T0> param0;
		private readonly SimpleUrlComponent<T1> param1;
		private readonly UrlArgument<T2> param2;

		public UrlPattern(string pattern, SimpleUrlComponent<T0> param0, SimpleUrlComponent<T1> param1, UrlArgument<T2> param2)
			: base(3, pattern, param0, param1, param2)
		{
			this.param0 = param0;
			this.param1 = param1;
			this.param2 = param2;
		}

		public SimpleUrlComponent<T0> Param0 { get { return this.param0; } }

		public SimpleUrlComponent<T1> Param1 { get { return this.param1; } }

		public UrlArgument<T2> Param2 { get { return this.param2; } }

		public AppLocalUrl With(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2)
		{
			return this.PotentialUrlWith(
				Querify(this.Param2, p2),
				Stringify(this.Param0, p0, 0),
				Stringify(this.Param1, p1, 1),
				Stringify(this.Param2, p2, 2));
		}

		public AppLocalUrl this[T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2]
		{
			get { return this.With(p0, p1, p2); }
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Four-parameter UrlPattern. See <see cref="AbstractUrlPattern"/>
	/// </summary>
	public class UrlPattern<T0, T1, T2, T3> : AbstractUrlPattern
	{
		private readonly SimpleUrlComponent<T0> param0;
		private readonly SimpleUrlComponent<T1> param1;
		private readonly SimpleUrlComponent<T2> param2;
		private readonly UrlArgument<T3> param3;

		public UrlPattern(string pattern, SimpleUrlComponent<T0> param0, SimpleUrlComponent<T1> param1, SimpleUrlComponent<T2> param2, UrlArgument<T3> param3)
			: base(4, pattern, param0, param1, param2, param3)
		{
			this.param0 = param0;
			this.param1 = param1;
			this.param2 = param2;
			this.param3 = param3;
		}

		public SimpleUrlComponent<T0> Param0 { get { return this.param0; } }

		public SimpleUrlComponent<T1> Param1 { get { return this.param1; } }

		public SimpleUrlComponent<T2> Param2 { get { return this.param2; } }

		public UrlArgument<T3> Param3 { get { return this.param3; } }

		public AppLocalUrl With(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3)
		{
			return this.PotentialUrlWith(
				Querify(this.Param3, p3),
				Stringify(this.Param0, p0, 0),
				Stringify(this.Param1, p1, 1),
				Stringify(this.Param2, p2, 2),
				Stringify(this.Param3, p3, 3));
		}

		public AppLocalUrl this[T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3]
		{
			get { return this.With(p0, p1, p2, p3); }
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Total Erase Porcelain - TOP 10 Results for Price Compare - Total Erase Porcelain Information for April 21, 2019.
Brainstorm, share information and communicate more effectively with this high-performance collaboration tool. Ideal for high-profile conference rooms, executive offices and other heavy-use environments, the Euro Prestige Plus Magnetic Total Erase Porcelain Boards ensure exceptional performance with a top-of-the-line DuraMax Porcelain that will not scratch or dent. The Total Erase surface will not stain or ghost, ensuring clear and effective communication. The steel-backed porcelain creates a magnetic surface, doubling its uses as a bulletin board or projection screen for even more effective communication. An easy-to-use corner cap mounting system holds the board tightly to the wall in four places. An attached marker tray conveniently stores markers and accessories. The board comes complete with Quick Clips for posting documents and four Quartet dry-erase markers. An aluminum frame with titanium finish surrounds all sides of the Total Erase surface for sleek styling and maximum durability.
Communicate with style and efficiency. Ideal for heavy-use environments, the Prestige Plus Magnetic Total Erase Porcelain Boards blend exceptional functionality and elegant design. The DuraMax Porcelain will not scratch or dent with heavy-use. The smooth, easy-to-maintain Total Erase surface will not stain or ghost, looking new, even after years of use. The steel-backed porcelain creates a magnetic surface, doubling its uses for communication and collaboration needs. A patented Easy Mount hanging system allows for quick and secure installation. An attached marker tray conveniently stores markers and accessories. The board comes complete with Quick Clips for posting documents and four Quartet dry-erase markers. Bold, contoured styling and a variety of frame finishes allow you to customize any meeting room with sophisticated style and high design.
Don't satisfied with search results? Try to more related search from users who also looking for Total Erase Porcelain: Zippered Pencil Pouch, Surround Effects, Super Duty Cable, Wiper Control Module, Right Casement Operator.
Total Erase Porcelain - Video Review.


Brad Bird had a big decision, one many film fans would love to have to make. In a new interview, the director of Tomorrowland once again talked about being approached to direct Star Wars Episode VII and strongly considering the job, but being so deep into pre-production on Tomorrowland he had to turn the Star Wars gig down.
However, Bird strongly considered making Tomorrowland then jumping right into a Galaxy Far, Far Away. Watch Bird talk about turning down Star Wars Episode VII below.
Thanks to MTV for asking the question and documenting the answer.
For a moment there I thought it would work out to do this and go right into it, and it wouldn't work. There was no way to make that schedule and give this film the attention it deserved. I know it's going to be terrific and everything, but I'm really happy to do this film. It's rare to do a film of size that's original.
You can't blame Bird for this. He'd already fallen in love with Tomorrowland and signed George Clooney to the film. It wouldn't have looked too good if he abandoned that to go make Star Wars. On the other hand, it's Star Wars. It's so big, fans totally understand why the guy who rebooted Star Trek is crossing enemy lines to do the same for the franchise.
Personally, I think things turned out how they should have. Bird is doing the exciting original film. J.J. Abrams is kicking off the new franchise direction for Star Wars. After that, Rian Johnson will get his chance with George Lucas' universe. But if we really are going to get a Star Wars movie a year for the foreseeable future, I think it would be inevitable for Bird to make one at some point. He's too big a fan and Lucasfilm wants to work with him too much.
Would you have made the same decision as Bird?
Tomorrowland opens May 22, 2015. Star Wars Episode VII comes out December 18, 2015.


text:
Celebrate The Holidays With Seabourn
Britton Frost
Seabourn is inviting travelers to enjoy this year's holiday season alongside family and friends aboard all Seabourn ships. Those on board will celebrate the holidays in different regions around the world with festive onboard events, an array of culinary offerings, and celebratory programming across the entire fleet.
Seabourn Odyssey docked in downtown Sete, France. © 2015 Ralph Grizzle
Each of the five ships in the Seabourn fleet – including the new Seabourn Ovation – will be sailing through the last weeks of December, with Christmas, Hanukkah, and New Year's festivities scheduled in ports of call and at sea.
"The holidays are the most wonderful time of year to be together with family and what better way to share that time than traveling together on the world's finest ultra-luxury resort at sea," noted Chris Austin, Seabourn's senior vice president of Global Marketing & Sales. "We're excited about this year's holiday offerings, which will combine a festive atmosphere, onboard events, and appealing destinations that are just right for celebrating the season. With five ships and cherished destinations to choose from, Seabourn should be on everyone's holiday wish list."
Kicking off the holiday season will be Thanksgiving, when guests can enjoy a traditional turkey dinner, prepared by the ship's Executive Chef and culinary team. From there travelers can celebrate Christmas and Hanukkah as the ship transforms into a holiday wonderland with gingerbread village displays and evergreen hangings draped from railings and balusters. The season comes to a close with a toast to 2019 as guests dress in formal wear for a New Year's Eve affair to reflect on the memories of the past year and look to the new one ahead.
Details on Seabourn's Holiday sailings for the 2018 season ahead include the following:
36-Day Holiday Australian Exploration (December 11-January 16) – Travel the southern and western coasts of Australia aboard Seabourn Sojourn, departing Sydney and stopping at various destinations including Flinders Island, Penneshaw, Fremantle (Perth), Hunter River, Darwin and more. Christmas Day will be enjoyed at sea, while New Year's Day will arrive in Broome. The holiday journey will also take in Komodo Island and other destinations in Indonesia before arrival in Singapore. This voyage is also available in two segments with a 16-day itinerary departing from Sydney on December 11 and a 20-day itinerary departing from Perth on December 27.
24-Day Holiday Antarctica, Patagonia & South Georgia (December 20-January 13) – Set sail for as far from the North Pole as one can get with this adventure to the Great White South. After departing Buenos Aires, guests of Seabourn Quest will spend Christmas Eve at sea and Christmas Day at South Georgia, and will ring in the new year in Antarctica. Guests will then return to South America, cruising the Canal Sarmiento, El Brujo Glacier, Chilean Fjords, and the Gulf of Corcovado in Chile before arriving at San Antonio (Santiago).
16-Day Holiday Australia & New Zealand (December 21-January 6) – After setting sail from Sydney and spending a Christmas Eve in Melbourne, Australia, guests will celebrate Christmas Day at sea aboard Seabourn Encore en route to the southern and eastern coasts of New Zealand. Destinations include Milford Sound, Fiordland National Park, Akaroa (Christchurch) on New Year's Eve, Kaikoura on New Year's Day, Queen Charlotte Sound, and more before arriving at Auckland.
7-Day Holiday Yachtsman's Caribbean (December 22-December 29) – This weeklong cruise in the Caribbean aboard Seabourn Odyssey will depart from Philipsburg, Sint Maarten and travel to Carambola Beach, Saint Kitts and Nevis; Christmas Eve at Road Bay, Anguilla; Christmas Day at St. Johns, Antigua and Barbuda, and more.
14-Day Holiday Thailand & Vietnam (December 22-January 5) – Guests will board Seabourn Ovation in Singapore and head north for Christmas Eve at sea and Christmas Day at Laem Chabang (Bangkok), Thailand. Then travel on to Cambodia and Vietnam, with two days in Ho Chi Minh City before celebrating New Year's Eve at sea, and New Year's Day at Da Nang (Hue), Vietnam. A day in Halong Bay, Vietnam, will follow before arrival at Hong Kong.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Redex Diesel Advanced Fuel System Cleaner is rated 4.4 out of 5 by 7.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Gmetric from Brill My Skoda Fabia 1.4 TDI was juddering I bought this product and had no more problems absolutely brilliant I recommend this product .
Rated 4 out of 5 by Placemat from Good but a bit pricey. My TD was starting to choke when the accelerator was lightly applied and the engine would also sink and rise on idle. I read some reviews and decided to try this advanced juice! There were non advanced types for less than half the price but I thought I'd try the good stuff. It has definitely helped and although the car's performance and behaviour isn't quite 100% still, I'm hoping it will get better every 3 months when I put in another shot of this happy juice.
Rated 5 out of 5 by T4FeverMan from Won over this additives sceptic I usually run my 15 year old VW van on premium Shell diesel when I fill up near home. When further afield I'll use whatever filling station I'm close to such as ASDA or other supermarket. The van feels sufficiently better on the Premium stuff that it's worth it once every two or three fill ups. However, I recently put a fullish tank of supermarket fuel in and quite soon the van didn't feel great. Sluggish, little power, and 'scratchy' acceleration making it feel like a dog in low gears. After driving around like this for a while I decided it must have been the fuel and bought a bottle of Redex Diesel Advanced Fuel System Cleaner. It says it needs 50 litres of fuel in the tank and as I was a little shirt of this I topped up with some Shell premium. Just diluting the poor quality fuel with the Shell Nitro made the van start to feel a little more its old self but it still wasn't very happy. I popped in the Redex Diesel Advanced Fuel System Cleaner and drove on. All I can say is WOW. I was a fuel additive sceptic for the most part but this stuff worked miracles. Masses of extra power, engine noise reduced to a pleasant smooth purr, instead of a scratchy tractor and instantaneous starts. It was like driving with a brand new engine and the effect improved as I worked through the tank of fuel as the miles rolled by - incidentally it worked wonders for MPG too. When I filled up again with Premium fuel the effect was still largely there. This suggests the engine did get a decent clean out from the Redex and the product isn't just a temporary sugar rush of go-go juice. They say it can should be used every 3000 miles. I was impressed enough that I bought some of the cheaper regular Redex (which can be used every tank) to keep on hand next time I'm forced to fill up with questionable fuel.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Sybaseguru from Amazing results Just bought an 08 Subaru diesel Outback with 110k+ miles. It smoked a bit on hard acceleration, On cold startup it set up a fog bank around the car and sounded as though there were some spare nuts and bolts in the engine. Once warm it was fine. I threw some of this redex in a week and 100miles ago. Smoke has gone, noise on cold start no worse than any other diesel, and it is much smoother at low revs. Every day I've warmed it up and taken it up the snake pass allowing extended full load acceleration. On day three it would have made a battleship proud of its smokescreen, but thats all gone now.
The Redex Diesel Advanced Fuel System Cleaner is an intensive clean for fuel injectors, to increase fuel economy and boost performance.
The Redex Diesel Advanced Fuel System Cleaner will fit your _VEHICLEYEAR_ _VEHICLEMAKE_ _VEHICLEMODEL_ Click here to Change vehicle and no additional parts are required for fitting.
Once you've added the Redex Diesel Advanced Fuel System Cleaner to your basket, the items you've selected above will also be added to your order.


Offered here is a clean, low-milage 2003 Chevrolet Corvette Convertible 50th Anniversary Edition, finished in factory Triple Black. Black Paint, Black Leather Interior, and a Black Soft Top. This is just a two-owner vehicle with less than 15,000 original miles. The car is powered by a Corvette LS1 5.7L V8 with an automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive, the true sports car set up. Noteworthy features include power windows, power locks, dual climate control, heads-up display, Bose stereo system, Active Handling traction control, and two drive modes: Tour and Sport. It comes with a squeaky clean CarFax report and has just had an oil change and new battery installed. The car is extremely clean and always garage-kept. It also comes with books, manuals, and your own 50th Anniversary Corvette pen :) New owner needs to do nothing but enjoy it. Be sure to check out all the photos and video on our main website: Garage Kept Motors. Call if interested or e-mail with any questions. Thank you for looking.


Vocational education and training (VET) in Latvia is changing and its attractiveness is increasing. Two-thirds of VET schools have already been transformed into VET competence centres with modernised infrastructure and equipment. Programmes available include lifelong learning and promote access to the labour market. Find out more about Latvia's VET system in Cedefop's concise guide.


text:
Centre for Applied Autism Research
We research the strengths and challenges experienced by autistic people, to facilitate full and active involvement within society.
Our autism research
Our research focuses on the strengths and challenges experienced by autistic people, developing practical applications through participatory research to support the autism community.
Centre for Applied Autism Research team
Our team has a wide range of academic and clinical psychology expertise with a focus on supporting the autism community.
Centre for Applied Autism Research themes
Our research seeks to understand and address the challenges faced by autistic people using education, employment, mental health and criminal justice services.
Donate to our Centre for Applied Autism Research
Please support us to help improve the lives of autistic people. At the Designation box, please select 'Other' from the drop-down menu and then type 'CAAR'.
Centre for Applied Autism Research language policy
Our Centre for Applied Autism Research follow the Development, Autism, Research and Technology (DART) language policy.
Get involved with our Centre for Applied Autism Research
We are always looking for researchers, students, practitioners and members of the community to train, share ideas, develop research and foster collaborations.
Centre for Applied Autism Research publications
Find journal articles relating to our research.
View the latest updates from our Centre.
Centre for Applied Autism Research team shortlisted for national award
Our Centre for Applied Autism Research team have been shortlisted for a national award for their research taking place on 27 February 2020.
Ambassadors for autism: Adapting services for autistic service users
Service providers took part in a workshop to create evidence-based adaptations to improve their communication with autistic people.
View our upcoming events.
Bath Employment Spring School for Autism 2020
7 Oct 2020 10.00am Online
This online event was for autistic students and graduates (with or without diagnosis) to get support with the transition from university to work.
Autism Summer School 2020
25 Aug 2020 12.00pm The Chancellors' Building, University of Bath
This residential event at the University of Bath allows students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to experience aspects of university and student life.
View more of our events
Our team at the Centre for Applied Autism Research (CAAR) are developing and integrating novel cognitive and neuroscientific methodologies to improve the understanding of autism, developing practical applications to support autistic people, and working with the autistic community and a range of stakeholders.
Contact us to find out more about our research.
caar@bath.ac.uk


First breakfast, after that you will do a beautiful but more challenging route where you have to climb a few hills. On the way you pass the Chiang Mai Grand Canyon, Night Safari with day zoo, unknown Doi Kham temple with a huge Buddha statue, a small water fall and some mountain villages. In the afternoon we will bring you back to Chiang Mai.


text:
Southern Appalachian International Film Festival (SOAPIFF) is a yearly film festival. The purpose of Southern Appalachian International Film Festival is to publicly recognize and promote the work of independent movie makers and to encourage film production and culture in Southern Appalachia.

References

External links

Film festivals in Tennessee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
About ME Magazine Select Articles
search filter All ContentAll JournalsMechanical Engineering
Startup Suns
Nuclear Fusion has been the Province of Big, Slow-moving Science Projects for Decades. But the Concept is Attracting Startups that Believe they are on the Cusp of Producing Limitless Power.
Jeffery Winters
JEFFREY WINTERS is senior editor at Mechanical Engineering magazine.
Mechanical Engineering. Jan 2019, 141(01): 31-35 (6 pages)
Paper No: ME-19-JAN1 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2019-JAN-1
Published Online: January 1, 2019
Winters, J. (January 1, 2019). "Startup Suns." ASME. Mechanical Engineering. January 2019; 141(01): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2019-JAN-1
A number of startups have attracted millions of dollars from tech investors with the goal to buld a commercial fusion reactor by the end of the next decade. Befitting the merging of plasma physics and startup culture, each company has a bit of secret sauce that they hope will make the difference between success and failure.
This article takes a look at three such startups that are pushing the limits of energy.
Select Articles
Fusion reactors, Neutrons, Nuclear fusion, Plasma physics, Plasmas (Ionized gases), Hydrogen, Atoms, Failure, Particle accelerators
General Fusion builds large devices, tests them, and iterates based on the results—much like a software company.
Image: General Fusion
There is scarcely a more futuristic sounding technology than nuclear fusion. It is the power source in the heart of every star, the process that created every atom of oxygen, carbon, and iron in the universe, and the far-off hope of clean and bountiful energy.
In Vancouver, B.C., a team of engineers and technicians is developing a machine that will demonstrate a path to making practical, affordable fusion power. Talk to Mike Donaldson, vice president of engineering at General Fusion, the startup that's building the machine, and he will go on excitedly about the world's biggest plasma injector his team has built and the smoke ringlike vortices that will hold their shape due to magnetic fields the rings themselves produce.
But there are also hammers.
Not exactly hammers, but pistons that mechanically smash the sphere of molten lead that encases the plasma. The hollow space in the center of the sphere crunches down on the plasma, raising its density to the point where the ions of heavy hydrogen merge together to make helium and release energy.
If all goes well, the pistons will compress and recoil once every second for months on end, unleashing around 80 kWh of thermal energy with every stroke.
"We've already built the pistons at scale and demonstrated that they will have the repeatability required to do this compression," Donaldson said.
It sounds outlandish, squashing plasmas with hammers to make pollution-free energy. But no more outlandish than the contention that General Fusion and a number of other startups have made—and made convincingly enough to attract millions of dollars from such billionaire tech investors as Jeff Bezos and the late Paul Allen—that a demonstration commercial fusion reactor will be ready by the end of the next decade. And that it will be built not by an international Big Science research project but by a scrappy startup.
Commonwealth Fusion, launched in March 2018 as a spin-off of MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center. Others have been operating under the radar for nearly two decades. Befitting the merging of plasma physics and startup culture, each company has a bit of secret sauce that they hope will make the difference between success and failure.
Blackboard Panacea
With wind and solar power growing at incredibly fast rates—and with their prices now rivaling some of the cheapest power on the grid—it's easy to imagine that no new sources of power are necessary. Why even bother with fusion?
"When you take any technology and scale it up by many orders of magnitude, there are issues that arise with a massive deployment that don't necessarily arise at a smaller scale," said Stewart Prager, the former head of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, a fusion research facility in New Jersey. "The problem of clean energy is so significant that it would be foolhardy not to pursue all attractive approaches."
TAE Technologies is combining plasma and accelerator physics to pursue boron-proton fusion, which requires very high temperatures but promises less radioactive waste.
Image: TAE Fusion
The nuclear power that has been deployed up to now is based on fission, the process in which heavy atoms capture stray neutrons, become unstable, and split into two or more parts. The energy embodied by one atom of uranium or plutonium is greater than the sum of all the daughter particles, so when an atom fissions, the result is a release of energy. Capture that energy in a reactor and it can power a city.
The basic insight of fusion is similar to that behind fission: the mass-energy equivalent of two atoms of heavy hydrogen, known as either deuterium or tritium depending on how many neutrons they have, is greater than that of one atom of helium. When those deuteriums or tritiums fuse together to form helium, that extra energy must be released. Astrophysicists in the 1920s and 1930s realized that process is what powered the stars, and weapons designers adapted it to produce higher-yield thermonuclear weapons. Once physicists began sketching out how much energy could be captured through extracting heavy hydrogen from seawater and fusing it, fusion became a byword for clean, unlimited power.
Getting from a blackboard calculation to a viable energy source has been almost impossibly difficult.
Some of the difficulty has been in the physics. Unlike uranium and plutonium, which can fission spontaneously in a large enough pile, atoms don't fuse together unless given a mighty shove. That's because each atomic nucleus is positively charged and as the nuclei get closer together, the repulsive electromagnetic force ramps up exponentially. To overcome that force, atoms have to move incredibly fast; expressed as a temperature, the atoms need to be hundreds of millions or billions of degrees, so hot that the electrons are stripped away.
One doesn't want a billion-degree plasma hitting a wall—the plasma will cool and the wall will be damaged—so proposed fusion designs have bottled the plasma up in a magnetic field. But that makes extracting the energy from a fusion reaction tricky. Also, while fusion is usually described as clean, the fusion reactions that are easiest to produce (involving neutronbearing isotopes of hydrogen) wind up throwing off lots of stray neutrons, which embed themselves in the surrounding equipment and create radioactive waste.
Until recently, fusion was a challenge so daunting that it took resources on a national or international scale to tackle them. The U.S. Department of Energy built a series of large facilities to blast small pellets of hydrogen with high-energy lasers in hopes of producing a plasma hot enough for fusion. Sandia National Laboratory's Z machine has the same goal, via running a nanosecond pulse of 18 million amp current through a wire. A number of groups built facilities to contain plasmas within doughnut-shape magnetic fields, called toka-maks, with the aim of eventually holding them long enough to ignite fusion.
The biggest effort, the international research facility known as ITER, is under construction in southern France. The culmination of decades of Big Science research, the $20 billion project to build an enormous magnetic bottle will be considered a success if it can run continuously for 20 minutes and fuse atoms together sometime after 2035.
Negating Neutrons
ITER is emblematic of Big Science and casts a huge shadow, but there are a surprising number of publicly announced smaller fusion efforts. In 2014, for instance, aerospace giant Lockheed Martin released promotional materials about a fusion reactor development program being run out of its famed Skunk Works research complex in Palmdale, Calif. The goal of its "compact fusion" effort was to create a reactor small enough to fit on the back of a flatbed truck. The company has filed for several patents derived from this research, but to date little concrete information has been divulged.
Fusion start-up TAE Technologies sprung from a very public source—a 1997 paper in the journal Science—before spending most of the next two decades in so-called stealth mode. The papers proposed accelerating two beams of ions to very high speed then slamming them together, much as what happens within a particle accelerator. The hope was that colliding beams would be more efficient at creating fusion-friendly conditions than the plasmas that had been used up to that time.
As research at TAE continued through the 2000s at its headquarters in Foothills Ranch in suburban Orange County, Calif., the original beam concept was abandoned. But another fresh idea in the Science paper lives on.
Instead of fusing isotopes of hydrogen together, TAE is working toward fusing single protons into nuclei of boron. That reaction results in an ion of standard carbon, but one that is too energetic to remain stable. It quickly falls apart, decaying into three helium ions and a burst of gamma rays. (The name TAE is contracted from "tri-alpha energy," a reference to the atomic physics name for helium ions: alpha particles.) One thing that the reaction doesn't produce is stray neutrons, which means proton-boron fusion would make less radioactive waste than other types of fusion. The boron itself is also non-radioactive and is more abundant in the Earth's crust than uranium or thorium, and unlike deuterium or other exotic forms of hydrogen, it can be mined and stored as a solid.
"Hydrogen-boron is difficult to do. It requires 20 to 30 times more energy to 'cook' than deuterium-tritium fuel," said Michl Binderbauer, president and chief technology officer at TAE and one of the co-authors of the 1997 Science paper. "But the upside is that over a 40-year lifetime of our machine, there will be no consequential damage from neutrons. That is a huge difference."
Even so, the energy requirement is not trivial. Whereas the plasma to be created at ITER is expected to be 100 million °C, TAE will need to reach 3 billion °C to create the force necessary to push the protons and the boron ions together.
The magnetic bottle to contain this hot plasma is configured differently than most conventional designs. Instead of a doughnut-shape vessel to avoid open magnetic field lines from which the plasma could escape, the TAE reactor is long and designed to allow some of the plasma to leak out the ends so that the helium produced via fusion doesn't dampen reactions.
"You can control the plasma profile with the outflow," Binderbauer said. "And when you do it right, you can select what you are pulling out." TAE plans to draw energy from the decelerating outflow of electrically charged particles as they fly past electrodes outside the magnetic envelope.
Illustration by: Todd Detwiler
Adding powerful new magnets to mainline plasma science could lead to smaller, cheaper fusion devices.
Image: Commonwealth Fusion
The company has spent more than a decade developing the technology to hold the plasma in place long enough to achieve fusion, and researchers there believe they have reached that benchmark. In February 2018, the company announced that its latest experimental plasma generator, a $100 million machine nicknamed "Norman" for one of the company's founders, had been making progress toward hitting the "hot enough" benchmark.
Though Binderbauer and his team are confident they can overcome the technical issues needed to achieve fusion in the next decade, Princeton's Prager noted dryly that opting for proton-boron fusion makes reaching that goal daunting. Compared to other efforts, Prager said, "the physics challenges of the TAE approach are very much harder."
Atom Smasher
If TAE's secret weapon is its fuel, General Fusion is betting on its reactor—simultaneously ungainly and elegant. The rendering of the reactor makes it look like an elephantine pincushion: a massive sphere with large cylinders radiating outward. Rather than contain a plasma within a magnetic bottle for seconds until the ions smack into each other, the reactor actively compresses the magnetically held plasma to the point of ignition—which should take just milliseconds.
It's a daring departure from conventional fusion set-ups, and it will require some innovative engineering to work. In addition to the injectors that create a ring of deuteriumtritium plasma in the center of the sphere, the General Fusion reactor must spin a wall of molten lead and lithium then, once a second, fire pistons that drive the wall symmetrically to the center. To produce the maximum compression, the compressed gas-powered pistons need to move in sync with an accuracy of a few tens of microseconds, repeatedly, for as long as the reactor runs.
For all its smashing atoms with hammers vibe, the concept, called magnetized target fusion, offers some decided advantages. For one, the lead-lithium blanket soaks up all the stray neutrons produced through the fusion of deuterium and tritium, and absorbs their energy as well. That heats up the blanket and conventional heat exchangers along the wall of the reactor to generate steam for power conversion. The molten blanket also protects the rest of the reactor from damage from the high-temperature plasma.
"A lot of the other fusion schemes have the problem where, even if they create fusion, their machines are going to get brittle due to neutron bombardment," Donaldson said. "We've taken care of that as part of our architecture."
In its Vancouver facility, General Fusion has already fabricated and tested many of the subsystems needed to make the hydrogen plasma and compress it to the point of fusion. They've even made cavities in liquid metal, as they will need to in a working fusion reactor, and pounded the metal with a few pistons—"That's the biggest engineering challenge we've tackled to date." The ethos has been to build devices, test them, and then iterate based on the results. The pace is more like that of a software company than an international science experiment like ITER.
The next step, Donaldson said, is to integrate all these systems into a demonstration of the technology—firing once a day rather than once a second.
"We feel our concept has the easiest and most practical path to commercialization," Donaldson said. Though Donaldson and his team are confident they are working toward a power plant, they are following a less proven route to fusion, so they will need to demonstrate that the concept is practical.
Commonwealth Fusion doesn't have that problem—they are building on the work that has been done by large-scale fusion researchers for decades. According to Bob Mumgaard, Commonwealth's CEO, the number of unknowns in their design is vanishingly small.
"ITER is a science experiment, and it's being built in that bespoke, scientific experiment manner," Mumgaard said. "In our case, we feel the toka mak has reached a level of maturity where we can strip things out of it, simplify it, and make it more applicable to a commercial product."
"We're adding in the engineering of making it manufacturable."
—BOB MUMGAARD, COMMONWEALTH FUSION SYSTEMS
Mumgaard says the model is much like space launch vehicles: NASA built generation after generation of experimental launch vehicles to push the limits of the technology, then startups like SpaceX could come in, strip out the redundant features, and create new products that were both more reliable and less expensive.
The startup emerged from the plasma physics lab at MIT in early 2018. Many of the company's principals, such as Mumgaard, chief technology officer Dan Brunner, and chief science officer Brandon Sorbom, are graduates of the school. And the early renderings of Commonwealth Fusion's proposed reactor look like scale models of international tokamak fusion experiments to which MIT physicists have contributed.
The scale is the key, though. Mumgaard explained that Commonwealth's fusion device will take advantage of new types of powerful magnets that will enable it to contain its plasma in a smaller, tighter torus than has been previously possible. That, in turn, will allow other parts of the power plant to become smaller and less expensive.
"We now have technology—basic engineering technology, not moonshot technology—that can produce much higher magnetic fields because of new superconductors," Mumgaard said. "You can make plasma systems smaller with the same performance. And if we can make them smaller, we can make them more power dense, more economical, and easier to build."
Rather than pursuing a new avenue that might create a shortcut to a commercial reactor, as TAE and General Fusion are, Commonwealth is using the expertise built up over decades of mainline fusion research and working to turn it into a commercial product as quickly as possible.
Mumgaard projects the confidence of someone who sees the object of a long quest peeking over the horizon. Indeed, he lays out a fairly short time frame—about three more years of R&D, then four years of building—to reach the first prototype reactor. By the time ITER is up and running, Mumgaard believes Commonwealth Fusion may have the capability to begin producing commercial reactors.
"One of the advantages of the approach that we're taking is that we don't need a lot of plasma physics and fusion exper-tise—that's embodied in the mainline approach," Mumgaard said. "We're adding in the engineering of making it manufacturable. That requires mechanical engineers and structural engineers and systems engineers, the type of high-end engineering you'd find on a Formula One team or a place like SpaceX."
Princeton's Prager believes Commonwealth Fusion's approach of taking the existing state of plasma physics and turning that into a product is a sound one. "That effort is different from many other companies in the field because it is developing the mainstream fusion concept," he said, "and adding the technological advance of high-field magnets."
That's not to say that other approaches won't work. Prager suggests that we may eventually wind up with multiple fusion power concepts breaking into commercialization.
"There might be a first-generation fusion reactor," Prager said, citing the doughnut-shape reactor as a potential winner, "but then another one of these concepts, such as the one TAE is developing, could become a second-generation reactor."
Fusion will probably remain a futuristic-sounding technology for the time-being—a byword for something that would be world changing if we could only get it. But the momentum in the field seems to be building, and money and talent pouring seems to point to a breakthrough that will catch the cynics by surprise.
"We have come very far with fusion—that's something not generally appreciated by the public," Prager said. "We still have engineering and science challenges, but I think we can see our way through them. We might not have a commercial plant in 15 years, but it's not 50 years off, either."
Copyright © 2019 by ASME
Volume 141, Issue 01
Guarding the Gate
Mechanical Engineering (January 2021)
Taking the Measure of Electric Vehicles
Piped Gas Fuels GT Power Plant Growth
Education from a Distance
Tokamak Reactors
J. Eng. Power (July,1978)
Helium Blistering in Metals
J. Eng. Mater. Technol (October,1978)
Plasma and Fluid Turbulence: Theory and Modelling. Series in Plasma Physics
Appl. Mech. Rev (January,2004)
Keener Eyes for Beowulf
Mechanical Engineering (June,2001)
The Science, Assaying and Waste Sentencing of Activated Bioshields
ICEM2011
Thermal and Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Lower Hybrid Wave Antenna in East Tokamak
ICONE18
Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Atoms Concentration on the Tungsten Sigma 5 (310) Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundary
ASME Section III Division 4 Fusion Energy Devices Code Rules
Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, Volume 2, Fifth Edition
New Deliberations-Fusion Reactors. Part A: Theoretical Bases and Scientific Foundations. Part B: ITER. Part C: Nuclear Fusion
Continuing and Changing Priorities of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Codes and Standards
In situ Neutron Transmission Bragg Edge Measurements of Strain Fields near Fatigue Cracks Grown in Air and in Hydrogen
International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2016): Materials Performance in Hydrogen Environments


text:
Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India
The court in this case discusses that reasonableness and proportionality of a restriction is determined from the view point of the interest of the general public at large, and not from the point of view of the person upon whom the restrictions are imposed.
Anchal Chhallani
Arguments Raised By Prosecution
Proponements in Oppugnation
The petition was filed under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution by Subramanian Swamy along with other petitioners challenging the Constitutional validity of Criminal defamation under Section 499 (defamation) and Section 500 (punishment for defamation) of Indian Penal Code, 1860 and Sections 199(1) to 199(4) of Indian Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
The petition was filed because the petitioners argued that it curtailed their Fundamental Right of 'Right to freedom of speech and expression' under Article 19(1)(a).
In the year 2014, a corruption allegation was made by Dr. Subramanian Swamy against Ms. Jayalathitha in response to this the Tamil Nadu state government filed a defamation case against him.
After this Dr. Swamy along with other prominent politicians challenged the constitutionality of criminal defamation laws in India[1]
Whether Section 499 and Section 500 of IPC are Constitutionally valid?
Whether 'Right to life' includes 'Right to Reputation'?
Whether Defamation under Section 499 contravenes Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution?
The constitutionality of the aforesaid provisions has been challenged on many a score and from many an angle by the different counsel appearing for the writ petitioners who belong to different walks of life. The arguments put forth by the learned counsel can be noted down as follows;
Firstly, Article19(1)(a) is only to preserve the interests of the state and the public in general. In addition to this if there is any case of defamation among any private individuals it must be dealt with the "Law of Torts" as it is a civil wrong or a tort.
Article 19(2) cannot be regarded as the source of authority for Section 499 of IPC which makes defamation of any person an offense.
It has to be kept in mind that fundamental rights are conferred in the public interest and defamation of any person by another person is unconnected with the fundamental right conferred in the public interest by Article 19(1)(a) and, therefore, Section 499 is outside the scope of Article 19(2) of the Constitution.
An arbitrary restriction on the fundamental right that goes beyond public interest, cannot be considered as a reasonable restriction.
On analyzing Sections 499 and 500 IPC and Section 199 CrPC, it is manifest that there is the presumption of facts as a matter of law and that itself makes the provision arbitrary and once the foundation is unreasonable and arbitrary, the provisions are meant to be called "ultra vires" Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution.
Submissions in defence were given by Mr. Mukul Rohatgi, learned Attorney General of India and Mr. P.S. Narasimha, learned Additional Solicitor General along with various prominent lawyers of the country. The following arguments were put forward by the learned counsels against the claims of the petitioners;
Article19(1)(a) dealing with freedom of speech, the most robust right. Article19(2) must be read in reference to freedom of speech and not in isolation. Article 19(2) must be considered as an integral part of the right to free speech and expression as Article 19(1)(a) is not a standalone right and, therefore, it cannot be said that there is an unbridled right to free, much less defamatory speech.
When the grounds of the exception under Article 19(2) are analyzed, each of them upheld public interest and so does defamation, for its principal object is to preserve reputation as a shared value of the collective.
The stand that Sec 499 puts private wrong at the level of public wrong is totally incorrect, as defamation or damage to reputation is an act that is meant to subserve basic harmony in the polity.[2]
Section 499 and 500 continues to cover the objective of protection of public interests by defining civil wrong so as to protect the same by providing reasonable restrictions u/s 19(2) of the Constitution.
Thus viewed, the right enshrined under Article 19(1)(a) cannot be allowed to brush away the right engrafted under Article 21, but there has to be a balancing of rights.
The judgment was passed by Justice Dipak Misra and was agreed upon by Justice P.C. Pant. The court upheld the constitutional validity of Section 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, and Section 199 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The judgment was given by a two-member bench after analyzing different definitions of 'Defamation' and 'Reputation'. The bench while deciding the Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 184 of 2014 was of the opinion that 'Right to life' under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution also includes 'Right to Reputation', which is an inseparable part of a person's personality. The Court emphasized that the law on criminal defamation is clear and unambiguous and thus distinguished other cases in which it had struck down legislation that infringed freedom of speech, such as Shreya Singhal v. Union of India[3]. Hence, the petitions were dismissed by the Court by upholding the constitutional validity of the Criminal Defamation under Section 499 and 500 of IPC. Also, the Court during the pendency of the Writ Petitions directed the stay of further proceedings before the trial court makes it open for the petitioners to challenge the issue as the provision has been declared Constitutional.
Defamation can be criminal or civil in nature. The offenses committed as civil defamation are dealt with penalties limited to damages only whereas the punishment for committing criminal defamation is imprisonment which may extend to 2 years, or fine, or both and is governed by IPC whereas the former falls under the law of torts.
Replacing criminal penalties with civil penalties cannot fulfill the criteria to balance the right of freedom of expression with the right to reputation. The main idea for maintaining balance should be an exercise of an individual's 'freedom of speech and expression' without compromising with the person's 'reputation' in the eyes of the public.
The reasonableness and proportionality of a restriction are determined from the viewpoint of the interest of the general public at large, and not from the point of view of the person upon whom the restrictions are imposed. The judgment rightly upholds the constitutionality of the offense of criminal defamation, stating that it constitutes a 'reasonable restriction' on the right to freedom of expression under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution.
Also read United Kingdom of Great Britain v. People's Republic of Albania (Corfu Channel Case)
[1] Defamation as a Criminal offence, Supreme Court Observer, (July 11, 2020, 4:25 AM) https://www.scobserver.in/court-case/defamation-as-a-criminal-offence
[2] Jasmin Jose, Subramanian Swamy vs. Union of India, Ministry of Law & ors., Law times Journal, ( July 11, 2020 5:10 AM ) http://lawtimesjournal.in/subramanian-swamy-vs-union-of-india-ministry-of-law-ors/
[3] (2015) 5 SCC 1 : (2015) 2 SCC (Cri) 449
PrevPreviousWinding Up of a Company: Processes and Procedure
NextWhat form of government has the Constitution of India adopted?Next


With the net opening up the entire world to everyone and producing so a lot of points readily offered, it is no question that on the net casinos have develop into a well known type of on the net enjoyment. It is no more time required to make programs and lodging preparations to go to your favourite Vegas on line casino. You can kick back in your have property and take pleasure in your favored online games.
But what most players do not realize, or at minimum not proper away, is that how they get their winnings is unique on the net than at a Vegas casino. At a Vegas casino you would obtain your chips, cash, or participant tickets and go money in. You would get your payout ideal then.
In the event you liked this short article along with you would want to obtain more details concerning 바카라사이트 generously visit the website.
When it comes to on the internet casinos, the payouts work a very little bit in another way. There are three items you want to know and look at in regards to payouts ahead of you select a casino to engage in at.
Most online casinos will have a number of diverse withdraw solutions for when you want your winnings. The most popular technique are a transfer to your credit score card, a transfer to an online payment processing services, a wire transfer, or a credit to a your pay as you go card if you made use of a person to deposit to your participant account. Some of the most commonly applied on the internet payment processing providers employed by on the web casinos are NETeller, eWallet, Click2Pay and Moneybookers. Some casinos will also have possibilities available so that you can have your winnings mailed to you in a check out, or transferred directly to your lender account by using an e-check out.
You will want to check out what withdrawal possibilities are obtainable in advance of depositing funds. Do not get into a predicament where by you have no implies of having your payout. For example, you could presently have a PayPal account, but if the on the internet casino does not settle for PayPal, your winnings can not be transferred there. Verify your withdrawal choices ahead of time and set up a withdrawal system to prevent operating into strain and stress later.
It is not unheard of for different kinds of on the internet on line casino payouts to have various obtaining situations. Regrettably, because there is no direct person-to-man or woman get hold of like at a Vegas on line casino cashier, most payouts are not instantaneous. Some might be but it will change from on line casino to casino. The fastest payouts have a tendency to be with transfers to credit cards, such as your debit card if it carries the emblem of a major credit rating card business such as Visa or Mastercard. Other alternatives, these kinds of as receiving a test in the mail, can consider up to 10 times.
Often the amount of money of time to receive your winnings is held up for safety explanations. To protect your money data and on their own, some online casinos will keep your winnings right up until they can confirm and approve the ask for for withdrawal. Sad to say, there are persons in the planet who will attempt to hack into participant accounts, request withdrawals and steal your winnings. To stay clear of this, casinos will ask for a faxback. That is a type that they send out to you that you will have to fill out and faxback to them so that they can confirm that you are the account holder and that you are requesting a withdrawal.


Trouble Will Find Me is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band The National, released on May 17, 2013 on 4AD.
Produced by band members Aaron and Bryce Dessner, the album features appearances from St. Vincent, Sharon Van Etten, Doveman, Sufjan Stevens, Nona Marie Invie of Dark Dark Dark fame, and Richard Reed Parry of Arcade Fire.
The album received widespread critical acclaim upon its release. Trouble Will Find Me reached number three on both the Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart. The album was nominated for Best Alternative Music Album at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.


text:
Blurt Music News
Dave Good
"I don't know how to play a musical instrument," says Sue Spray, "but I know how to make a guitar that sounds really good."
Spray also builds ukuleles and Celtic harps.
"Some of my guitars have unique, wonderful sound qualities to them. But when people ask me what particular shape it is, I have to tell them it's a Sue Spray shape and not a typical classical shape, because when I built my first one I didn't know there was a typical classical shape."
Spray hosts a group called the Luthier's Cooperative at her Vista woodworking shop. They meet Tuesdays and Thursdays to build acoustic guitars that are testaments to craftsmanship and rare woods, such as quilted maple, Indian rosewood, and European spruce. Spray calls them "playable art." They come with a player's warranty and a National Fine Arts Registration.
"We get together and build guitars the old-fashioned way with hand tools and master-craftsman procedures. And when we finish the guitars, we put them up for sale in an annual exhibit. When they sell [Spray says the co-op's guitars can fetch as much as $3500 each], we donate a portion of the proceeds to charity."
At their first annual guitar sale and exhibit at the E Street Café in Encinitas in May, Spray says the co-op donated 10 percent of the sales to the Helen Woodward Animal Center in Rancho Santa Fe.
"I made the choice because I am a retired veterinarian and I feel strongly about animal welfare," she says.
The idea for the Luthier's Cooperative began in 2007 after Spray and a group of friends completed a guitar-building course at Palomar College.
"We decided that we wanted to continue working, so we started meeting at my shop one day a week," says Spray. One day became two. Now, she says the group can complete up to 20 guitars in a year.
By design, she says, the co-op's goal is not to make a lot of money. They'd like to generate enough cash to buy the materials to make more guitars, pay a little for their time, and give the rest to the community in the form of donations.
"We're not trying to make a killing," Spray says. "We're just building guitars. And we need to do something with them because none of us play."
Full electric 2017 Mercedes
Buying old baseball cards
Beautiful solid wood box
Misc for sale
2023 Specialized Turbo Levo A
Fortunate Son: "Working class American-Chinese food"
I pause to think about how much of a staple these things have been in my life.
Gonzo Report: Finding the spirituality of the setting - HR (Bad Brains) plays The Holding Company
The reggae hardcore act has influenced bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Beastie Boys, and Living Colour.
African Composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
Don't Sleep on Samuel Coleridge-Tayor
The Sushi Stand packs rolls like confections
New Liberty Public Market vendor wraps its rolls in a pretty box


I've heard that you know a lot of the Amiga ?
I am trying to repair an Amiga A2000 .
I have only 2,68 volts on pin 1 of the cpu ? and it is resetting constantly.
I f it resets the 5,14 volts are for a second present.
I followed the pin 1 and i see that it is going to the u105 and u 106 .
Where is the 5 volts comming from ?


text:
Air Canada Silver Broom 1970 var det 12. VM i curling for mænd. Turneringen blev arrangeret af International Curling Federation og afviklet i arenaen Memorial Auditorium i Utica, New York, USA i perioden 1. – ?. marts 1970 med deltagelse af otte hold. USA var VM-værtsland for første gang.

Mesterskabet blev for tredje år i træk (og 10. gang i alt) vundet af Canada, som besejrede Skotland med 11-4 i finalen. Tredjepladsen gik til Sverige, som tabte 7-8 til Skotland i semifinalen. Værtslandet USA sluttede på fjerdepladsen og dermed endte amerikanerne for første gang nogensinde ikke blandt de tre bedste hold.

Resultater

Grundspil

De otte deltagende hold spillede en enkeltturnering alle-mod-alle. Vinderen af grundspillet kvalificerede sig direkte til finalen, mens nr. 2 og 3 gik videre til semifinalen, hvor de spillede om den anden finaleplads.

Slutspil

Samlet rangering

Kilder / eksterne henvisninger
 http://results.worldcurling.org/Championship.aspx?id=18

1970
Sport i 1970
Curling i USA
Sport i New York


text:
In Memoriam: Erik O. Furseth (1930-2022)
By Geoff Kimmerly
MHSAA.com senior editor
Click below to copy the link to your clipboard
Copy text to clipboard.
For 50 years, Erik O. Furseth's voice chimed throughout MHSAA and Michigan State University athletic events. That voice surely will continue to live in the memories of the many who cherished listening to him, as he died Monday evening at the age of 91.
Furseth began as the public-address voice of MHSAA Boys Basketball Finals in 1968 and continued well into his 80s as those games moved from Jenison Field House to other locations across the Lower Peninsula and eventually settled into Breslin Center. He also was the longtime MHSAA football championship game voice going back to their days at the Pontiac Silverdome and provided the narration for MHSAA Baseball Finals for a decade. He announced his last MHSAA event in 2018.
An MSU basketball player during the early 1950s, the Cleveland Heights, Ohio, native played in the Spartans' first Big Ten game in 1951. A forestry student initially, Furseth switched to communications. He later became a legendary rock-n-roll radio DJ in Lansing, and for a decade hosted Saturday night dances at the Lansing Civic Center that drew 1,000 teenagers a night – and a surprise performance by a young Stevie Wonder.
Furseth's voice continued to be known particularly by Spartan fans as the homecourt voice for MSU basketball from 1968-2002 and MSU football from 1971-98. For more, see this feature from the MHSAA Basketball Finals programs written in 2013.
Furseth moved from East Lansing to Traverse City about 25 years ago. Click for his obituary and funeral arrangements.
Longtime MHSAA Public Address announcer Erik O. Forseth died Monday evening at the age of 91. Nearly every MHSAA Boys Basketball Final for 50 years started the same way – with Erik introducing both teams. Our thoughts are with his family and friends. pic.twitter.com/CA5iRKt39t
— MHSAA (@MHSAA) March 1, 2022
Load video Andrea Cabana - Chelsea Boys Basketball Coach Feature
State Champs! Spotlight: Chelsea Boys Basketball Coach Andrea Cabana
After a successful six years as the Grass Lake girls varsity basketball coach, Andrea Cabana took a big step in a different direction. Cabana was hired as the Chelsea varsity boys basketball head coach this season, and hasn't missed a beat. Kara Liles has the story.
Tags: State Champs! Sports Network
State Champs! Michigan W: Hangtime 1-26-23
Performance of the Week: Iron Mountain's Shayna Hruska
Summer Strides, Preseason Confidence Showing in Escanaba's Excellent Start
Today in the MHSAA: 1/27/23
Fast-Building Fowlerville Bowling Program Growing Into Striking Success


text:
Della Casa Appa making jewelry at C.G. Wallace's Trading Post, c. 1930's
Photo source and © Palace of the Governors Photo Archives, Santa Fe, NM
Charles Garrett (C.G.) Wallace, c. 1920's
The C.G. Wallace Trading Post, Zuni Pueblo, c. 1920
An exceptional historic Navajo or Zuni Pueblo
ingot-silver and turquoise "row"-style bracelet possibly by Della Casa Appa for C.G. Wallace, c.1930's-40's
Let's get straight to the wonderful particulars of this unique and historic beauty; it's a strikingly attractive ingot-silver row-style narrow cuff bracelet set with thirteen perfectly-matched gorgeous hand-cut turquoise stones.
Eleven of these stones are oval-shaped and set directly next to each other on an inclined angle, the final two in
a wonderful artistic touch are cut round in shape and set at the center of each terminal end, a very creative and attractive way to finish out the "row" of stones. The stones look an awful lot like Cerrillos, New Mexico turquoise
with its characteristic rich greenish-blue hues and medium brown matrix.
The thirteen turquoise stones are very nicely set in old-style heavy "fold-over" type silver bezels and are mounted side by side around a thick cast ingot-silver shank. The thirteen stones are further accentuated by twelve pairs of beautifully applied large silver "raindrops" interspersed between them on either side all the way around the bracelet. The superb overall quality and stylistic details of the silver work and the stone settings lead us to an interesting speculation which is the distinct possibility that this bracelet might very well be a C.G. Wallace trading post piece made by the renowned Zuni Pueblo silversmith, Della Casa Appa (1889-1963).
During this time period, C.G. Wallace was literally a giant turquoise magnet, combing the country voraciously to vacuum up all the high-quality stones he could find. As he famously used to say "All the turquoise miners in the country know that the place to sell their best stones is at C.G. Wallace's".
The bracelet measures 9/16" in width at its widest center point and tapers very slightly down to 7/16" in width at the end terminals. The inner circumference end-to-end is 5 1/4" and the gap between the terminals is 1" for a total interior circumference of 6 1/4". The bracelet weighs an extremely comfortable and easily wearable 45 grams or 1 5/8 ounces. The bracelet is in excellent original condition overall, several of the turquoise stones do have cracks, but they are all completely secure in their bezels.
This is the kind of great old vintage bracelet you very seldom see available anymore unless you are fortunate
enough to have an experienced old Indian trader who happens to be a close personal friend. People almost never let go of these pieces and after you have had a good look at all the photos here it will be very easy to see why this is so.
"Della Casa Appa was one of the most famous jewelers in her time and is noted
among Leo Poblano and Dan Simplicio for having the highest quality of work during the
high point of production at the Zuni Pueblo under trader C.G. Wallace."
-Quotation source and © shiprocksantafe.com
The jewelry made at Charles Garrett (C.G.) Wallace's (1898-1993) trading post during this time period literally set the standard for the highest quality in Native American jewelry and his stellar all-star team of Navajo and Pueblo silversmiths prominently featuring Della Casa Appa was one of the best in the business. Casa Appa was one of the very first female Zuni Pueblo silversmiths and she was one of Wallace's very favorite artists and made many important high-end jewelry pieces for his distinguished clientele. It is entirely possible that having obtained these outstanding turquoise stones, that Wallace asked Casa Appa to make this bracelet featuring them for a specific favored client and it certainly does feature them prominently; every available part of this bracelet is completely and richly covered with these delicious mouth-watering stones.


Welcome to The Ohio Transplant! I've always been a fashion lover inside and out. Since middle school, I have always bought fashion magazines in bulk monthly. I love re-creating inspiring outfits and appreciating the time and effort that goes into every design and fabric of my favorite designers and bloggers.
I hope you enjoy The Ohio Transplant as much as I do!


Dosage and indication "creep" with the new biologics to treat inflammatory diseases have payers enforcing strict utilization policies. Physicians counter that payers can't dictate treatment. With even more biologics on the horizon, and drug spend spiralling upward, both sides need to seek a middle ground. The question is how?


Close at 11:59pm AEDST on 10/10/2018 ("Promotional Period").
Prizes form part of these Terms and Conditions. prizes form part of these Terms and Conditions. winners will be notified in writing within two (2) business days of the draw and their names will be published at www.fujifilmtaylorswiftresults.com.au from 12/10/2018.
prize is valued at $886.54.
prize includes tickets only, and the winners and their companions will be responsible for making their own way to and from the concert. winner will be required to redeem the four (4) general admission tickets from a representative of the Promoter at the Taylor Swift concert. prize will be provided at the time of the concert if they are available, otherwise they will be posted to the winner's residential address provided at the time of entry.
winner of a prize is under the age of 18 years, the prize will be awarded to the winner's nominated parent or guardian on the winner's behalf.
prize draw clause, if for any reason a/the winner does not take / redeem a prize (or an element of the prize) at/by the time stipulated by the Promoter, then the prize (or that element of the prize) will be forfeited.
prizes are subject to the event venue and ticket terms and conditions, including any applicable age restriction. winner (and/or his/her companions) for any inappropriate behaviour, including but not limited to intoxication, whilst participating in any element of the prize.
prize pool value is $21,839.16. prize pool value in each State/Territory group is: WA/SA $4,811.10, VIC/TAS $4,658.78, NSW/ACT $6,163.50 and QLD/NT $6,205.78.
prizes may take place on the dates specified below, at the same time and place as the original draw, subject to any directions from a regulatory authority. Winners, if any, will be notified in writing within two (2) business days of the draw and their names will be published at www.fujifilmtaylorswiftresults.com.au from the dates specified below.
prize claim that is late, lost, altered, damaged or misdirected (whether or not after their receipt by the Promoter) due to any reason beyond the reasonable control of the Promoter; (d) any variation in prize value to that stated in these Terms and Conditions; (e) if the appearance of any Taylor Swift concert event is delayed, postponed or cancelled for any reason beyond the reasonable control of the Promoter; (f) any tax liability incurred by a winner or entrant; or use of a prize / attendance at a prize event.
prize suppliers, the Taylor Swift Entities and, as required, to Australian regulatory authorities.


text:
This mum didn't go to school - but she's on her way to making her first million
The inspirational boss of Love My Sofa, Maddison Santamaria, tells us how she is building her own business to build a better life for her three children, after a troubled childhood herself
Dianne Bourne
Entrepreneur Maddison Santamaria is on her way to making her first million with her innovative sofa business in Manchester - an incredible achievement for any 25-year-old.
But her success is even more remarkable given Maddison started her company in the past ten months while on maternity leave, juggling twins and a baby all aged under three!
Add to that the fact Maddison had an unconventional upbringing and was never sent to school by her parents - she was told, instead, to learn from books bought from WH Smith by her mum.
Maddison Santa Maria has put a troubled childhood behind her to launch her own business, Love My Sofa, which has become a big success. (Image: Carla Speight)
At the age of 18 she left her parents' home, cutting all ties with them, to start a new life with her now-husband Fabian and they started their own family.
And she has achieved everything she now has with her rapidly growing Love My Sofa brand in the past ten months - while on maternity leave with her one-year-old daughter Pandora.
Pandora is not the only one keeping Maddison busy though, as she is also mum to two-year-old twins Selena and Valentina.
Her three children are her inspiration to succeed in life - and she hopes to prove to others that you do NOT have to be defined by a troubled upbringing.
She says: "I went through a really, really random childhood. My mum and dad were not the best. I didn't actually go to school, as a family we kind of got lost in the system. We would move to all these different areas, so I never had a professional person who probably should have stepped in and helped us, we kept moving and we just got lost in the system.
"It was normal at the time but now looking back I now see it really, really was not right what went on.
"But what I've done I've used what happened and turned it around.
"You can't be a victim of circumstances.
"If you sit there and you think 'I can't do this because I've got no mum and dad', 'I've got no help with the kids', 'I've got no money', your life will never change.
"There's nobody going to knock on your door and change your life you've got to do that yourself - and that's what I did."
After attending primary school she never went on to high school as she says her parents prevented her from going, and that her mum would buy her "learning books" from WH Smith and tell her to teach herself.
She says: "I just didn't know any different to what I was brought up with.
"Now I've got three daughters myself, looking back at my childhood it makes me realise how wrong it all was."
Maddison Santa Maria looks through material samples at her Love My Sofa factory (Image: Carla Speight)
At the age of 18, desperate to escape her chaotic home life, she left to move in with her boyfriend Fabian, now her husband, and his family, and she cut all ties with her parents.
She found work as a waitress and went back to college to do her GCSEs.
She married Fabian when she was 20, and a year later their twin daughters Selena and Valentina came along.
She returned to work, on beauty counters at department stores, before discovering just eight months later she was pregnant again.
(Image: Carla Speight)
It was while on maternity leave she came up with the idea for Love My Sofa when she couldn't find the design of plush velvet sofa that she had wanted for her home in the city centre.
She says: "I wanted to design my own sofa and couldn't find anywhere in Manchester that was able to do that for me. I designed my own sofa and realised that this could be a business that could do really well, there was a gap in the market."
She took her designs to a local manufacturer, who agreed to create the sofa. And then she had her "lightbulb moment" - the idea for an exact "mini me" replica for her babies to sit on too.
The popular "mini me" sofa by Love My Sofa (Image: Lovemysofa.uk)
She said: "I thought, wouldn't it be amazing if I could get a sofa for my children exactly like mine as a mini version?
"There was nothing like it on on the market so I went back to the factory with a new design. When they were made I put the image on my Facebook page and everyone went mad for it.
"People started asking me to make orders up for them, and I set up a page to sell the mini sofas for children which had an instant response, but the factory I had gone to said it just wasn't worth their while to make them.
"So I thought, why not set up my own factory instead?"
Maddison Santa Maria measures up at her Love My Sofa factory (Image: Carla Speight)
Maddison had been saving up to take her children on a dream holiday to Florida last year, but made the decision to use those savings to plough into her fledgling business instead.
She said: "I just thought one day, I was on maternity leave, and I just realised no one was going to help me, I've got to do all this myself, and that's just what I did.
"I decided to start my business because I no longer wanted to work a 9-5 job on minimum wage with three children to look after."
She leased an old warehouse in Middleton, where the company is now a hive of activity with a team of 16 working on orders that have been flooding in since the very day she posted that first photo of her "mini-me" sofa.
The designs have caught the attention of a host of celebrities, and Maddison has created bespoke furniture for the likes of TOWIE'S Billie Faiers, Geordie Shore's Chantelle Connelly and reality star Jodie Marsh.
She was also seen on the latest series of the Real Housewives of Cheshire designing the interiors for WAG Tanya Bardsley's new Wilmslow store, including a splendid white throne seat.
Tanya Bardsley at the Bardo Boutique with throne by Love My Sofa (Image: Instagram/TanyaBardo)
But Maddison prides herself on creating top quality products at competitive and affordable prices - her cheapest sofa starts at £315.
She's already looking for a second warehouse to cope with demand, and will also launch a stylish new showroom in Macclesfield next month.
Many young mums will wonder how on earth she's managed to achieve it all with THREE under-three-year olds, but Maddison is a focussed and driven young woman, with a supportive husband at her side.
When My Love Sofa started to really take off, Fabian gave up his full-time job to help with the child care.
She says: "I'm really grateful because I have such a great husband and he's so supportive he's a really hands-on dad.
Love My Sofa's plush velvet corner sofa (Image: Lovemysofa.uk)
"But it was difficult at the start. When Love My Sofa started Fabian was still at work and I was looking after the children while starting the business. There were a lot of late nights, lots of sleep deprivation and stress but I had that passion and I could see the end goal.
"I would say that when you have children, you just want the best for them, which is all I'm trying to do."
As if that didn't keep Maddison busy enough, she is also a keen singer and songwriter, and has got through to the bootcamp stage of The X Factor talent show.
She has a big following on her social media accounts, and is known for her collection of tattos and body art.
Maddison Santa Maria Instagram photo (Image: Instagram/MaddisonSantaMaria)
She adds: "I'm 25 now and having my children before I started a business is the opposite of what people normally do, however for me they are my inspiration and motivation in everything I do.
"If ever I'm tired and I've worked a long time without a day off I just remember why I'm doing this and it's all for them."
Follow @MENBusinessDesk
Bardsley
Manchester BarsManchester's best craft beer bars, pubs and brewtaps Choosing Tryanuary over Dry January? The best craft beer bars in Manchester, brewery taps and pubs are usually just the next railway arch away
BusinessTop business brains share secrets of starting a successful firm in new bookInspirational new release 'Yes Business Can' aims to help British businesses maximise their potential
MEN Business of the YearPictures: M.E.N. Business Awards 2019More than 350 guests turned out for Manchester Evening News Business Awards ceremony, which is now in its 27th year. Triumphant companies across a range of sectors including technology, retail, manufacturing and construction were honoured during a glittering ceremony at Manchester's Principal Hotel.
Your MoneyTenants could be owed £320 from their landlord - all thanks to a new lawA new tenancy law means millions of renters could be owed hundreds of pounds from their landlords
Timpson GroupThe boss of Timpson cobblers has slammed Amazon and Starbucks over how little tax they payJames Timpson, boss at the Wythenshawe-based cobblers, said the firms were using 'immoral' practices to slash their tax bills


text:
Cheap Car Insurance In Dayton Ohio 5k
 September 1, 2018
Claim that is not timely filed cannot be an allowed claim and trustee is precluded from making distribution to the claim even where no application to.
Contact Toyota Customer Service. Find Toyota Customer Support, Phone Number, Email Address, Customer Care Returns Fax, 800 Number, Chat and Toyota FAQ. Speak with Customer Service, Call Tech Support, Get Online Help for Account Login.
The latest news and headlines from Yahoo! News. Get breaking news stories and in-depth coverage with videos and photos.
Browse the WebMD Questions and Answers A-Z library for insights and advice for better health.
USAC Race Results & Press Releases. Courtesy, Dick Jordan. CATCH SMACKDOWN FROM KOKOMO LIVE ON SPEED SHIFT TV. Kokomo, Indiana..Speed Shift TV will have LIVE coverage of all four nights of USAC AMSOIL National Sprint Car racing this week from Kokomo Speedway on http://www.SpeedShiftTV.com/.
The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years.
eHam.net Classifieds Search Results (1342 records found. Display All ads) [Classifieds Home] [] []
Breaking Cincinnati news, traffic, weather and local headlines from The Cincinnati Enquirer newspaper.
Volume 20, Number 10. Moving the Needle. There is little question that the net result of fanatically following short track open wheel action for the last 33 years has dulled my senses, as these days it takes something extraordinarily special to get my heart racing.
Jul 22, 2008 · Earlier this year, the realms of law and new media collided when Lori Drew was hit with federal charges for creating a fake MySpace page and harassing a neighboring teenager, who then committed suicide.
After being taken down twice by Blogger within a single week, we got the message: It's Time To Go. Gates of Vienna has moved to a new address:
Auto Insurance Agency In Miami Fl Weather Get affordable Homeowners Insurance Florida here to protect your most valuable assets. Homeowners Insurance Quotes from GreatFlorida Insurance are. The bride's father is the owner of Quality Auto Center, a used-car dealership in Lynwood. The couple met at the University of Florida, from which the bride. Lists & reviews of local auto insurance agents in


text:
A major public speech by a shadow defence secretary of an opposition party which will in all probability win the next general election should, by any normal measure, be an important event. It is in that light that we approach yesterday's keynote speech from Liam Fox to the UK Defence Conference 2009.
We have summarised the speech on Defence of the Realm, with no detailed comments of our own, to avoid an intrusive "footprint" which might distort the message Dr Fox wishes to convey. This, presumably, is the platform the Conservative Party will present at the general election.
The main thrust of this "platform" – which will come as no surprise – is that a new administration will conduct a strategic defence review. Its purpose will be to define what Britain's strategic interests are and where they exist at home and abroad.
Unless you have clear foreign policy objectives you cannot have a proper defence strategy, says Fox. This will allow the strategic environment and the threats posed to our interests to be assessed within reasonably predictable limits. It will then determine the capabilities we need to protect those interests.
There is much sense in this approach. Defence capabilities – barring the insurance policy of home defence – should very much be the servant of our foreign policy, they being simply one instrument in a broader portfolio,
However, there is a significant omission here from Fox's speech. There is no mention of the European Union. Yet to a great and increasing extent, our foreign policy is determined either by or in consultation with the EU, yet we also have our own independent line, in relation to the United States.
Therein lies a major problem, in that this current government has been struggling (and failing) to resolve the conflict between incompatible and often conflicting foreign policy objectives. That Fox does not even acknowledge that conflict augers ill for any attempt by a Conservative administration to resolve it.
Further, there is no recognition that the UK no longer has (nor has had for some time) the capability for wholly autonomous military action. Any future action will either be in the context of a multi-national alliance, or with the material support of our allies.
Here, the conflict between the US and the EU presents the really difficult problems. In terms of physical and doctrinal interoperability, we can work with one set or the other – but it is very difficult to equip and structure our Armed Forces to work effectively with both.
Furthermore, each set has its own capabilities, the US bringing far more to the table than the EU. In that, effectively, we cannot provide a full suite of capabilities, our procurement programme and indeed our structures must be determined by our choice of ally. Trying to satisfy both leads to confusion, duplication and lack of cohesion.
We see, therefore, from Fox, a certain amount of evasion. He has identified a core issue, but he has not addressed it. Whether he will ever do so is a matter of conjecture.
Labels: defence, EU foreign policy, Liam Fox


Expand Capabilities and Push Boundaries – Without Risk.
Red River and Dell EMC can help you reimagine the possibilities with leading-edge technology services and expertise in our Innovation Center in Austin, TX. A sandbox environment for testing, development, training and integration, the secure lab environment enables every application, technology and business function to be fully vetted, without the cost of infrastructure or staff.
Download our latest datasheet to learn more what the Red River Innovation Center, powered by Dell EMC technology, can do for you.


WooThemes, the parent business or designer that mooted the idea of WooCommerce, worked with designers James Koster and Mike Jolley who established the ecommerce plug-in. The plug-in became a phenomenon overnight and in three years there were nearly half a million sites using the plug-in, which offered it a market share of just except 20% of all ecommerce websites. By the end of 2015, WooCommerce had actually been actively installed by countless users and it was powering around 30% of the ecommerce market. While WooCommerce has stayed one of the complimentary themes and plug-ins of WooThemes, there are thousands of extensions and add-ons, a lot of which are superior and for this reason have to be spent for.
WooThemes wased established by Adriaan Pienaar, also called Adii Rockstar. Adriaan Pienaar is a designer, developer and business owner. He specializes in establishing themes for WordPress using CSS and PHP. WooThemes provides high quality themes for WordPress. There is a huge selection of products in the inventory of WooThemes. You can get some WooThemes free of charge. There is a ton of WooThemes plug-ins. The most popular WooThemes totally free download is definitely WooCommerce however there is much more than WordPress WooCommerce themes. WooThemes Canvas and WooThemes MyStile are quite popular in their own specific niches. WooThemes concentrates on themes across classifications of sites, including portfolio websites and publications, company sites, personal websites and gallery designs among others.
WooThemes is understood for satisfying performance in almost all its themes. Every theme is established on the dependable Woo framework. It can be corresponded with the popular and trusted Genesis framework, albeit there are differences. Woo framework is continually upgraded and tweaked. It is always altering in a dynamic environment to meet the ever altering needs of developers and website owners. All themes and plug-ins, tools and extensions featured total control for the developer or user so every update can be utilized just the way a designer or end user would want. Everything from the basic functionality to the details of how a theme feels and appears can be fine-tuned by the developer. WooThemes deals outright flexibility and complete scope of modification.
WooThemes offers a myriad of basic features and additional features. There are backend theme options using developers the chance to style their pages exactly the method they want without any coding requirement. From altering the text size to changing images, automobile sizing the thumbnails to modifying anything in genuine time, whatever is simple and fast when you are on the Woo structure. WooThemes also provides customized navigation, the themes are SEO friendly with the majority of them having actually incorporated SEO options, all themes work with all major browsers and you can make responsive sites fitting for desktops and mobile phones.
WooThemes is just as popular for its graphics as it is for its performance. Many themes, free or premium, have creative designs and quality graphics. The color palette is timeless. You would not find design elements or hues that are too loud and over the top. The whole design as well as the scope of personalization will constantly be enjoyable to the eyes unless a designer opts to head out of the box to try out wild colors and outright non-traditional style ideas. Developers can work with whatever from the contrast to the option of images, layouts to how every function or section would be positioned to have the optimum traction. These flexibilities can assist designers to enhance readability, to ease navigation and to make sure a a lot more satisfying browsing experience for the user.
WooThemes is not the most inexpensive when it comes to rates. ThemeForest and others are considerably more reasonable. At the same time, WooThemes is not the most pricey as there are many developers that have premium themes priced much higher than the typical rate of themes established using the Woo framework. One WordPress theme established on the Woo framework may cost around $70. This may get you two more themes that you can choose from the inventory. While you are getting 2 WooThemes for free, effectively your cost is being come down to less than $24 per theme. Using this rates, WooThemes is considerably cheaper than the similarity Elegant Themes that charges $60 for one theme and there are no totally free themes or additional themes with the one you are paying for.
You may want to consider WooThemes subscriptions that would get you access to hundreds of themes and WooThemes plug-ins. You would get gain access to all WooCommerce complimentary themes and you will likewise get access to the premium WordPress WooCommerce themes, plug-ins and extensions. Requirement subscription is $150. Developer subscription is $200. All WordPress Themes licensed by WooThemes are standard GNU general public license. Developers can use the themes and WooThemes plug-ins for as many sites as they desire.


text:
Q: Behavior of associated primes under inclusion Let $A \subset B$ be an inclusion of commutative rings inducing $f: \text{Spec}(B) \rightarrow \text{Spec}(A)$. Must it be the case that $\text{Ass}(A) \subset f(\text{Ass}(B))$?
If this isn't true in general, is it true when $A,B$ are Noetherian rings? How generally can we do it?
For example, if $B$ is integral over $A$, then $\text{Spec}(B) \rightarrow \text{Spec}(A)$ is surjective. If $\mathfrak{p}$ is an associated prime of $A$, then write $\mathfrak{p} = \text{ann}(s)$. This is the image of some prime $\mathfrak{q} \subset B$, and an associated prime obtained from extending $\text{ann}(s)$ in $B_{\mathfrak{q}}$ should produce an associated prime which maps to $\mathfrak{q}$.

A: Let $A,B$ be noetherian rings and $\mathfrak p\in\operatorname{Ass}(A)$. We are looking for $P\in\operatorname{Ass}(B)$ such that $P\cap A=\mathfrak p$. Since $A\subseteq B$ we have $A_{\mathfrak p}\subseteq B_{\mathfrak p}$. Furthermore $\mathfrak p\in\operatorname{Ass}(A)$ implies $\mathfrak pA_{\mathfrak p}\in\operatorname{Ass}(A_{\mathfrak p})$. Thus we may assume that $A$ is local with maximal ideal $\mathfrak m\in\operatorname{Ass}(A)$. If $\mathfrak m=\operatorname{Ann}_A(a)$, then $\operatorname{Ann}_B(a)\neq B$ and let $P\in\operatorname{Spec}(B)$ minimal over $\operatorname{Ann}_B(a)$. It follows that $P\in\operatorname{Ass}(B)$ and $\operatorname{Ann}_A(a)\subseteq P\cap A$, so $P\cap A=\mathfrak m$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange