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Research ArticlePredoctoral Dental Education
Physiology Education in North American Dental Schools: The Basic Science Survey Series
Medha Gautam, David H. Shaw, Ted D. Pate and H. Wayne Lambert
Journal of Dental Education June 2014, 78 (6) 886-894;
Medha Gautam
Dr. Gautam is Associate Professor and Section Head of Pharmacology, Department of Applied Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Southern Illinois University; Dr. Shaw is Professor and Chair, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Dr. Pate is Professor and Division Head of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Dr. Lambert is Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, West Virginia University.
For correspondence: mgautam@siue.edu
David H. Shaw
Ted D. Pate
H. Wayne Lambert
As part of the Basic Science Survey Series for Dentistry, members of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Physiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics Section surveyed directors of physiology courses in North American dental schools. The survey was designed to assess, among other things, faculty affiliation and experience of course directors, teaching methods, general course content and emphasis, extent of interdisciplinary (shared) instruction, and impact of recent curricular changes. Responses were received from forty-four of sixty-seven (65.7 percent) U.S. and Canadian dental schools. The findings suggest the following: substantial variation exists in instructional hours, faculty affiliation, class size, and interdisciplinary nature of physiology courses; physiology course content emphasis is similar between schools; student contact hours in physiology, which have remained relatively stable in the past fifteen years, are starting to be reduced; recent curricular changes have often been directed towards enhancing the integrative and clinically relevant aspects of physiology instruction; and a trend toward innovative content delivery, such as use of computer-assisted instruction, is evident. Data from this study may be useful to physiology course directors, curriculum committees, and other dental educators with an interest in integrative and interprofessional education.
physiology instruction
basic science instruction
The American Dental Education Association (ADEA) established the Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education (ADEA CCI) in 2005 to provide leadership and guide the association's educational change efforts.1 Over the past decade, repeated calls have been made for curricular reform and increased innovation in dental education.2–4 In fact, planned and implemented curricular changes have occurred at many dental schools, including the introduction of integrated and systems-based courses.5–7 To aid in such curricular evaluation, from October 2009 until November 2011, the ADEA Physiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics Section designed and distributed two surveys to assess the state of pharmacology and physiology instruction in North American dental schools. All U.S. and Canadian faculty directing courses in human physiology or basic pharmacology for dental students were invited to complete the appropriate survey through the ADEA Council of Academic Deans' listserv. This report will focus on the physiology survey; the results of the pharmacology survey were previously reported.8 This Web-based physiology survey was part of the Basic Science Survey Series for Dentistry, an educational research project that has been assessing how the basic sciences are taught to predoctoral dental students.8–10
With many dental schools making or planning major basic science curricular changes,4–7 a survey of physiology instruction in dental schools is timely and important. Our study was designed to provide information about the effects of these curricular changes on physiology instruction and to enable dental educators to make informed decisions when future changes are being considered. The information gathered on course content and topics of instruction could also assist in formulating a new set of curriculum guidelines, core competencies, and/or foundational knowledge requisites.11–13 Survey information should help determine which topics may be excluded because they are outdated or less relevant or should be added because of their emerging importance in the practice of dentistry.
The ADEA curriculum guidelines for physiology are now more than twenty years old.14,15 In 2008, the emphasis shifted from discipline-specific to competency-based dental education.12 General competencies essential for unsupervised and independent performance as a new general dentist were defined, and foundation knowledge guidelines for dental education in support of these competencies were approved by the ADEA House of Delegates in 2011.12,13 Changes and improvements in dental physiology instruction must consider the competencies to be developed, methods to enhance the learning process, and ways to evaluate the attainment of these competencies. Surveys to assess the overall status of physiology instruction in predoctoral dental education have been conducted previously, but not since 1997.16 Therefore, the goal of this survey was to provide an accurate assessment of the current status of the quality and content of physiology instruction for dental students, the extent of integration of basic science and clinical components of the curriculum, and the prevalence of shared instruction in dental physiology courses with other health professions students.
On October 1, 2009, the academic deans of the sixty-seven U.S. and Canadian dental schools were emailed an invitation to participate in the online survey and asked to forward that invitation to the course director of their physiology courses, course director of an integrated course that included physiology instruction, or a faculty member charged with curriculum development. The survey was posted on SurveyMonkey, and included questions on faculty affiliation and experience of course directors, student contact hours, class size and number of faculty members teaching the course, inclusion of other professional students in the class, topics and content areas of physiology courses, effects of curricular changes on physiology instruction, and use of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Three reminder emails were sent to the academic deans of those schools that had not responded, requesting them to urge the appropriate individual to participate in the survey.
The survey was closed in November 2011, and the data were analyzed. Responses from three schools were submitted by multiple course directors and, unless indicated otherwise, are presented as combined data for each school. For example, if either course director replied positively to directing an integrated course, the school was represented as having course integration. The number of schools represented varies slightly in the results because some respondents did not answer every question. Survey respondents did not receive compensation for participation, and this study was determined to be exempt following an Institutional Review Board submission to the West Virginia University Office of Sponsored Programs.
When data collection ended, forty-eight faculty members had responded to the survey, representing forty-four of sixty-seven (65.7 percent) U.S. and Canadian dental schools. Therefore, the results presented are a representation of basic physiology instruction in a majority of U.S. and Canadian dental schools.
Faculty Affiliation and Experience of Course Directors
Out of forty-eight respondents, only nineteen (39.6 percent) reported holding their primary appointment in a dental school. Twenty-two respondents (45.8 percent) were affiliated with a medical school, two respondents (4.2 percent) held joint appointments in a medical and a dental school, and five others (10.4 percent) were affiliated with a school of biological sciences, pharmacy, or department charged with teaching a variety of graduate and undergraduate student populations on a health sciences campus (Figure 1). Overall, 60.4 percent (twenty-nine out of forty-eight) of the total responses came from faculty members with primary or joint affiliations with a non-dental school, indicating that physiology education for dental students relies heavily on instruction by faculty with medical or other non-dental school affiliations. This trend of non-dental school faculty teaching dental students has also been documented in other basic science courses, particularly in the anatomical sciences (gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, histology, and embryology).9,10,17,18
Primary departmental affiliation of dental physiology course directors
Note: Primary affiliation of physiology course directors (N=48) from forty-four schools indicates a heavy reliance on non-dental faculty to teach physiology in predoctoral dental curricula.
Directors of physiology courses (N=45) reported their years of teaching experience in physiology ranged from three to forty-five years, with a mean of almost twenty-five years and a median of twenty-seven years (Figure 2 and Table 1). Three respondents reported either being charged with monitoring the curriculum or serving as a co-course coordinator in an integrative course, but not teaching physiology specifically. The forty-eight respondents also reported their experience teaching dental students, which was substantially lower with 17.8 years of experience on average (median=14 years; range=1–40 years), demonstrated by the positively skewed distribution in Figure 2. These data suggest that the practice of dental schools' recruiting experienced faculty members from other schools, often on the same health sciences campus, to teach physiology has been occurring for some time.9,10 Moreover, twenty survey participants have been teaching basic physiology courses for thirty to forty-five years, which suggests a need for recruitment of new course directors to replace faculty members approaching retirement. Due to the existing shortage of faculty in dentistry and other allied health professions, dental schools may have difficulties recruiting and retaining educators in the basic (biomedical) sciences in the near future.19–23 In fact, some schools have implemented innovative strategies to compensate for the faculty shortage and to continue to maintain the quality of their educational programs.24–27
Teaching experience of survey respondents
Note: Distribution of experience levels of survey participants according to years teaching physiology (dark columns) and teaching dental students (light columns). Faculty members demonstrate substantially more experience teaching physiology than teaching dental students.
Years of experience of course directors in dental physiology courses
Contact Hours in Physiology Courses
Course directors were asked to list the total number of contact hours for only their physiology course or the physiology component of their integrated curriculum. On the survey, calculations for students' physiology contact hours were further divided into hours for lectures, laboratories, small-group activities, and assessments, including examinations and/or quizzes. With forty-one of forty-four (93.2 percent) responding dental schools providing student contact hours, physiology instruction ranged between fifteen and 480 hours, with a mean of 91.2 hours and a median of eighty-two hours. In Table 2, these data are compared to previous American Dental Association (ADA) Surveys of Dental Education, and comparisons show that physiology contact hours have remained relatively stable in the past fifteen years with a recent trend toward reduced hours.28–30 In fact, Geissberger et al. suggested designating biochemistry, microbiology, and physiology as prerequisites for dental school applicants to decrease student contact hours in these dental courses and utilize faculty members and their expertise more efficiently during predoctoral dental education, which may explain the low student contact hours in physiology courses at certain dental schools.3
Number of contact hours in physiology courses for dental students
Concerning physiology course content, nine of forty-one (22.0 percent) responding schools possessed a separate laboratory component, and these numbers are similar to the 2010–11 ADA Survey of Dental Education, which reported twelve of fifty-eight (20.7 percent) schools contain a physical laboratory session.11 These laboratory components ranged between two and thirty hours and involved cardiovascular and pulmonary laboratories on human patient simulators, interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs), or proper methods to take blood pressure and auscultation of the heart and lungs. Moreover, twenty-three out of forty-one schools (56.1 percent) reported that physiology instruction included small-group discussions in addition to traditional lectures. One course director reported that small-group discussions included thirty-five integrated cases, in which physiology was a major component. Every case was discussed in two or three sessions, each lasting about two to three hours. These data indicate a trend of dental schools adopting different methods (case-based, problem-based, and small-group learning) to deliver physiology course content, a trend seen in other biomedical science courses.4–7,31–33
Class Size, Shared Instruction, and Number of Faculty Teaching Physiology
To gain insight into physiology course organization, course directors were asked questions concerning shared instruction, number of students taught, and number of faculty members helping to teach the course. Course directors from fourteen out of forty-three schools (32.6 percent) reported shared instruction with students from other health professions in their physiology courses, with schools reporting sharing instruction with graduate students (eight), medical students (three), and other health professions students, such as physician assistant (three), pharmacy (one), and optometry (two) students. Of these fourteen schools, only two course directors (14.3 percent) had a primary faculty affiliation in a dental school. Interestingly, seventeen out of twenty-nine course directors (58.6 percent) who possessed a non-dental school affiliation reported that their dental physiology courses excluded students from other disciplines. Nevertheless, 32.6 percent of the responding schools reported shared instruction in physiology with other professional students.
These findings are consistent with data regarding interprofessional education presented in a 2010 ADEA report, which reported that 9 percent of U.S. and Canadian dental schools shared their entire basic science curriculum with other health professions students while 34 percent shared individual courses.2 Thus, despite the current interest in promoting a cross-disciplinary approach to health care via interprofessional education, it appears that relatively few dental schools begin this process with shared biomedical science courses.9,34–36 Nash reported in 1998 that only four U.S. dental schools shared biomedical science courses with medical students.37 The combination of our survey results, the 2010 ADEA report, and the 2008–09 ADA Curriculum Report suggests shared instruction in physiology has increased.2,9,28 Of the schools where shared instruction was reported, only three out of fourteen had a class size of more than 120 students (Table 3).
Class size and shared instruction, by number and percentage of total schools
Survey respondents were asked how many additional faculty members and teaching assistants were used in the delivery of their courses. The responses showed that physiology courses for dental students were taught by three or more faculty members in thirty-seven out of forty-three schools (86.0 percent; Figure 3). Teaching assistants were assigned to physiology courses in seven out of forty-three schools (16.3 percent).
Number of faculty members teaching in dental physiology courses
Note: Course directors from thirty-seven out of forty-three schools (86.0 percent) indicated they assigned physiology instruction to teams of three or more faculty members. Data for schools with two course directors were combined and classified according to the team size reported by both respondents.
Topics and Content Areas in Dental Physiology Courses
In 1980 and 1993, Curriculum Guidelines for Physiology were published in the Journal of Dental Education;14,15 however, these guidelines did not indicate the core content or time spent on these topics in dental physiology courses. Therefore, part of our study was directed toward these areas. According to the results, variation in physiology course content does exist across dental schools (Figure 4). The majority (89–100 percent) of faculty members reported spending two hours or more on six topics, including renal and body fluids, respiration, circulation, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurophysiology. Most of the respondents (88–95 percent) reported spending one hour or more on a second group of topics, which included cell and membrane and muscle physiology. The content area with the least coverage was general principles, in that only 33 percent of schools reported more than two hours of coverage for this topic. Overall, the number of course directors reporting that instruction in general principles, endocrine, neurophysiology, and cell and membrane physiology was covered in another course ranged from 5 to 11 percent.
Course content and its emphasis in dental physiology courses
Note: Stacked bar chart shows variation in number of hours teaching specific topics in physiology for dental students. The content areas are listed according to their emphasis as reported by course directors. The number in each time category segment indicates number of responses received expressed as a percentage of the total. For each course content topic, 100 percent represents a total of forty-two to forty-four responses, representing course directors from thirty-nine to forty-one schools.
Effects of Curricular Changes on Physiology Instruction
Course directors from fifteen of forty-three schools (34.9 percent) reported that their physiology instruction was affected by curricular changes in the five years prior to the survey. Some common themes emerged from these reported curricular changes, including the following: 1) greater integration of physiology with biochemistry and neuroscience or with pharmacology and pathology; 2) a change from discipline-based to organ-based or systems-based teaching; and 3) an increase of clinical case scenarios in the delivery of course material. Other trends included a greater focus on topics with direct relevance to dental practice, increase in problem-based learning (PBL) or evidence-based learning, and online assignments for self-directed student learning.
Course directors from two schools reported creating separate courses for dental students instead of shared instruction in a combined medical-dental class. This curricular change reduced the class size and course content, which enabled them to add specific dental clinical correlations. In addition, three out of twenty-eight (10.7 percent) schools that reported no curricular changes indicated that integrated, systems-based courses were already a part of the curriculum at their school and had been introduced more than five years prior to the survey. Taken together, these changes suggest an increasing trend among dental schools towards integrating basic sciences instruction with the clinical curriculum. Several dental schools have reported independently on the successful introduction and evaluation of integrated courses in their curricula.1,2,31,38–40 Overall, the changes are reflective of the steps in the integration ladder articulated by Harden in 2000 41 and consistent with ADEA recommendations.1,2 The reported curricular changes had varying effects on contact hours for physiology, ranging between a minimal change to an overall decrease in contact hours.
Course directors were asked to explain the primary method of instruction used in their courses. Twenty-five out of forty-four schools (56.8 percent) reported their courses were primarily lecture-based. Course directors from two out of forty-four schools (4.5 percent) reported the primary methods of instruction were a combination of lectures and either PBL or team-based learning. Two schools indicated their courses were "other" than lecture-based. Some course directors were directing separate lecture-based and problem-based courses, while other respondents were using lectures and clinical cases as the primary methods of instruction in an individual course. Course directors from five schools commented that their courses included PBL groups, case studies, or small-group interactions. These results, and the fact that fifteen of forty-three schools (34.9 percent) reported recent curricular changes, indicate that efforts are ongoing in many schools to include multiple modes of instruction and teaching tools in physiology courses to engage their students.
Survey participants were also asked whether physiology was taught as a stand-alone course, as part of another biomedical course, or in an integrated curriculum. Thirty of forty-two schools (71.4 percent) reported a stand-alone course. Only one out of forty-two schools (2.4 percent) indicated that physiology was taught in another course, while 26.2 percent (eleven of forty-two) indicated it was taught within an integrated curriculum. One course director further indicated that physiology instruction consisted of courses that were a mix of stand-alone and integrated courses. In total, physiology was taught as part of another course or in an integrated curriculum in 28.6 percent of schools (twelve out of forty-two), compared to the 34.9 percent (fifteen out of forty-three schools) reporting a recent curricular change that affected their course.
Use of CAI Applications
The use of Web-based instruction in biomedical sciences has been reported by a couple of schools,42,43 but the long-term benefits to students have not been evaluated. This survey found that CAI is gaining prominence in the teaching of physiology to dental students, with 51.2 percent of schools (twenty-one out of forty-one) reporting use of CAI applications (specialized software, websites, etc.) to engage students in one or more physiology topics. Several faculty members reported using commercially available software such as Blackboard, Sakai, or other secure online systems for posting lectures and course materials and conducting online exams. Faculty members also reported using online interactive tutorials developed in-house for ECG, blood pressure, renal physiology, retinal circuitry, animations for respiratory equations, hemoglobin saturation, pulmonary shunt flow, clotting, signal transduction, diabetes, calculation of renal function, and diagnosis of acid-base disorders. Other faculty members reported using free-ware versions of computer models of the neurophysiological, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems or using cardiovascular simulation software developed in-house or commercially available human patient simulators.
The Basic Science Survey Series for Dentistry is an educational research project that is assessing how the basic sciences are taught to predoctoral dental students.8–10 The results of this survey, one in that series, provide useful information about trends in North American courses delivering physiology instruction to dental students. Thirty of forty-two responding schools (71.4 percent) reported that physiology is currently taught as a stand-alone course. The variability of student contact hours in dental physiology courses was considerable (15 to 480 hours), but forty-one schools reported an average of 91.2 hours of content delivery, which is a slight reduction in course hours when compared to previous surveys.11,28–30 In fact, a few course directors reported that changes to the dental curriculum had resulted in reduced contact hours for physiology. Moreover, a greater emphasis on integration and introduction of clinically relevant material may have contributed to the trend towards an overall reduction in contact hours for physiology, as well as the possible difficulty quantifying discipline-specific hours in an integrated course. More than half of the survey respondents (twenty-nine out of forty-eight) were faculty members with primary or joint appointments outside of the dental school, and 32.6 percent of schools (fourteen out of forty-three) reported shared instruction with students from other health professions.
Even with the enormous variation in the instructional hours and heterogeneity in terms of class size, faculty affiliation, and students from different programs of study, the vast majority of schools (~90 percent) agreed on an emphasis of specific content areas in physiology. The greatest emphasis was on renal and body fluids, respiration, circulation, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurophysiology. Most respondents (88–95 percent) reported spending one hour or more on cell and membrane and muscle physiology. The content area with the least coverage included general principles in that only 33 percent of respondents reported more than two hours of coverage for this topic, and 14 percent reported that it was either not covered or was covered in another course.
The survey results also indicated that physiology instruction in 28.6 percent of the participating dental schools (twelve out of forty-two) was taught in integrated courses along with other biomedical sciences or that it was part of a systems-based course. Curricular changes were directed towards integration of physiology with other biomedical sciences, with emphasis on the relevance and relationship of physiology to the clinical aspects of dental practice, for example, with the use of clinical cases and PBL. Course directors from four out of twenty-eight schools (14.3 percent) that reported no curricular changes also indicated that they supplemented their lecture-based courses with clinically relevant material. Computer-assisted instruction was utilized for physiology courses in 51.2 percent (twenty-one out of forty-one) of the dental schools participating in this survey. Other published reports also provide evidence of interdisciplinary, integrative, and Web-accessible teaching of physiology to dental students in individual schools, confirming efforts to integrate physiology instruction within the dental curriculum. We hope that the data from this study will be useful to physiology course directors, curriculum committees, and other dental educators with an interest in integrative and interprofessional education.
The authors wish to thank the course directors of basic physiology courses who responded to the survey. Constructed by members of the ADEA Physiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics Section, this survey represents an integral part of a larger educational research project, the Basic Science Survey Series for Dentistry, which received grant support from the ADEA Council of Sections Project Pool.
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Category Archives: XL Airways (Germany)
XL Airways Germany files for bankruptcy protection
XL Airways Germany (Frankfurt) after suspending operations for the winter season on December 14, filed for bankruptcy protection and reorganization in the local district court in Darmstadt, Germany on December 27.
Copyright Photo: Arnd Wolf. Wearing the special livery for tour operator ITS.
XL Airways Germany:
This entry was posted in XL Airways (Germany) and tagged 35093, 737, 737800, 7378FH, aviation, bankruptcy protection, Boeing, Boeing 737, Boeing 737800, darmstadt germany, DAXLD, MUC, Munich, transportation, XL Airways, XL Airways (Germany), XL.com on December 29, 2012 by Bruce Drum.
XL Airways Germany goes into hibernation for the winter season
XL Airways Germany (Frankfurt) suspended all operations for the winter season on December 14. The company came to the conclusion there was not enough work to keep the company flying during the slow winter season.
CanJet Airlines (2nd) (Halifax) has leased three of the five Boeing 737-800s for the winter season until May 2013. Hamburg Airways has taken over the remaining winter contracts of XL Airways Germany.
Two Boeing 737-800s have been put into storage at the Cologne/Bonn Airport.
XL Airways Germany was acquired last year by X-Air Aviation, the same U.S. and Swiss holding company that also recently took control of XL Airways France.
Here is the announcement by the company (in German): CLICK HERE
Copyright Photo: Ton Jochems. Boeing 737-8Q8 D-AXLE (msn 30724) across the ramp at Palma de Mallorca.
This entry was posted in XL Airways (Germany) and tagged 30724, 737, 737800, 7378Q8, aviation, Boeing, Boeing 737, Boeing 737800, DAXLE, Palma de Mallorca, PMI, transportation, XL Airways, XL Airways (Germany), XL.com on December 24, 2012 by Bruce Drum.
XL Airways Germany puts Boeing 737-8Q8 D-AXLF back in service for the summer in this special "Oger Turk Tur" livery
XL Airways (Germany) (Frankfurt) received its Boeing 737-8Q8 D-AXLF (msn 28218) (above) back from its winter lease to CanJet Airlines (2nd) (Halifax) on May 2, 2012. CanJet operated the aircraft the past winter as C-GDGY (see below). XL Airways has repainted the airliner at Dublin in this special "Oger Turk Tur" color scheme.
Oger Turk Tur (Hamburg) is a German travel agency.
Last summer XL Airways operated the same airframe in the special "Schauinsland Reisen" color scheme.
Top Copyright Photo: Paul Doyle. D-AXLF departs from an overcast Dublin in the new look following the winter lease maintenance check.
XL Airways Germany Slide Show: CLICK HERE
CanJet Slide Show: CLICK HERE
Bottom Copyright Photo: Gilbert Hechema.
This entry was posted in CanJet Airlines (2nd), XL Airways (Germany) and tagged CanJet Airlines (2nd), Oger Turk Tur, XL Airways (Germany) on May 11, 2012 by Bruce Drum.
XL Airways Germany is operating this Boeing 737-800 for Condor
XL Airways (Germany) (Frankfurt) is operating this Boeing 737-800 for rival Condor Flugdienst (Frankfurt). The aircraft carries additional titles.
Copyright Photo: Karl Cornil. Please click on the photo for the full view and click again for additional information.
This entry was posted in Condor, XL Airways (Germany) and tagged Condor, XL Airways (Germany) on March 26, 2012 by Bruce Drum.
XL Airways Germany introduces this Schauinsland-Reisen logojet
XL Airways (Germany) Boeing 737-8Q8 WL D-AXLF (msn 28218) (Schauinsland-Reisen colors) PMI (Javier Rodriguez), originally uploaded by Airliners Gallery.
XL Airways (Germany) (Frankfurt) has introduced this new logojet for tour operator Schauinsland-Reisen (Duisburg).
Copyright Photo: Javier Rodriguez. Please click on the photo for additional details.
This entry was posted in XL Airways (Germany) and tagged XL Airways (Germany) on July 28, 2011 by Bruce Drum.
French prosecutors will not press charges in the 2008 Air New Zealand A320 crash
XL Airways Germany Airbus A320-232 D-AXLA (msn 2500) NUE (Gunter Mayer) (on lease from Air New Zealand) (crashed November 27, 2008), originally uploaded by Airliners Gallery.
Air New Zealand's (Auckland) on November 27, 2008 lost its Airbus A320-232 ZK-OJL (msn 2500) that had been on lease to XL Airways Germany as D-AXLA. Operating a post-maintenance flight (flight GL 888T), the airliner crashed into the Mediterranean Sea four miles (seven kilometers) east of the French city of Perpignan, near the border with Spain. The seven people on board were killed, including four Air New Zealand representatives. ZK-OJL had previously been operated by ANZ's subsidiary Freedom Air in the unique Warner Brothers cartoon character color scheme.
French prosecutors said they would not press charges against any one involved in the tragic crash after they received an investigators' report that blamed pilot error.
The crew lost control of the Airbus A320 and crashed it into the seas as they tried to perform a low-speed test "in inappropriate conditions" off France's Mediterranean coast, the prosecutors said.
The accident investigation bureau (BEA) said in its interim report based on flight data recorder readings that the plane stalled during a low-speed, low-altitude test maneuver as it was approaching to land at Perpignan Airport.
Read the full report:
Copyright Photo: Gunter Mayer. Pictured before the tragic crash at Nuremberg, Airbus A320-232 D-AXLA (msn 2500, ex ZK-OJL) operated with basic blue XL titles.
This entry was posted in Air New Zealand, XL Airways (Germany) and tagged 2500, A320, A320-200, A320-232, Accident, Air New Zealand, Airbus, Airbus A320, Airbus A320-200, Crash, Crashed, D-AXLA, NUE, Nuremberg, XL Airways (Germany), ZK-OJL on July 5, 2010 by Bruce Drum.
XL Airways Germany to operate Boeing 737-8FH D-AXLD for tour operator Sunweb
Photo: XL Airways Germany via Arnd Wolf.
XL Airways (XL.com) (Germany) (Frankfurt) will operate its Boeing 737-8FH D-AXLD (msn 35093) for German tour operator Sunweb.de in their colors starting in April. The airliner is now fully painted and was previously leased to Sunwing Airlines (Toronto-Pearson) as C-FYLD.
This entry was posted in XL Airways (Germany) and tagged 35093, 737, 737-800, 737-8FH, Boeing, Boeing 737, D-AXLD, Sunweb.de, XL Airways (Germany) on March 20, 2010 by Bruce Drum.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Works great! So far I have dried egg plant for egg plant jerky, dried a big batch of peaches and dried a large batch of garlic for granulated garlic. All results have been excellent both in appearance and taste!
Well built. Like the ability to add a large number of trays for the peak of harvest. Would recommend this unit.
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I bought this dehydrator almost 3 years ago and I LOVE it. I use it all the time. I bought the bundle pack and cannot imagine not having the extras. We make beef and deer jerky, sweet potato dog chews, and dehydrate tons of fruits and veggies from the garden, farmers market, and sale bins. The jerky gun feels a little flimsy and I assumed it would break but 3 years later it is still working perfectly. I did a lot of research before I bought it and that research paid off!!!
This is truly the best dehydrator I ever owned ! It came in 7 days ago and honestly it has run for 5 days ! We had a bountiful deer season and I wanted to make ground jerky for the guys I started with the jerky seasoning and cure that came with my order and I will order more of it. They loved it ! Using a mastered recipe of my own now the little jewel has turned out more than 20 pounds of jerky. This little machine, expanded to eight tray height has nearly paid for itself already. The square shape allows for easy storage and the finish cleans up in a snap. Thank you for the opportunity to purchase the Nexco FD 80/ Snackmaster at a great price.
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I used this machine around 10 times and it went out. It was an okay dehydrator the few times I used it, but just didn't work very long.
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I was able to get the best deal on this dehydrator and I just love it. I had it running for weeks at a time this fall and I love the way the air blows down, it is easy to clean, easy to understand how to operate. I would say to anyone-buy this and make sure you get the jelly trays and the screen things, it all came with mine and I think I have 8 levels. I made apple leather, pear leather, and dried everything under the sun. I'm enjoying the dried spinach and kale throughout the winter-crumbled very fine and mix it in with meat dishes, casseroles, smoothies and soups. Enjoy!


text:
Beat of the Week
(Honorable Mention)
Unmatched coverage of a D-Day unlike any other
delivered compelling all-formats coverage of the D-Day anniversary at a time when most World War II veterans could not visit Normandy because of coronavirus restrictions – a local mayor called it "a June 6 unlike any other." But the AP team helped absent veterans feel a part of the somber memorial services and observances at Omaha and other beaches with two days of nonstop coverage that no competitor could match.https://bit.ly/3cWQMydhttps://bit.ly/2ATuU9qhttps://bit.ly/2zpd51Ihttps://bit.ly/3cMIN6x
AP reporting prompts bill forcing Nevada agencies to reveal federal reviews
Statehouse reporters know to follow the money, that to hold government accountable we need to know where taxpayer money goes and how it is used. Nevada temporary legislative reporter Alison Noon did just that recently and helped bring about a promised change in policy that will make the workings of the state capital more transparent.
Noon first began reporting a story that rural health clinics offering family planning services to low-income women had slashed services and were turning women away for lack of funding after federal grant money dried up.
In the course of her reporting, Noon learned the program's federal funding had been cut after a scathing federal review that showed widespread mismanagement and poor medical practices at the rural clinics. That highly critical federal report went unmentioned when the program's administrator sought additional state funds during the legislative session.
Noon set out to learn why. She found Nevada did not require state administrators to share the results of such federal reviews with anyone – not the governor, not department heads, not state auditors. Her reporting led to a recently proposed requirement that such reviews be shared with Nevada auditors.
For her unmatched APNewsBreak, Noon wins this week's Best of the States award.
AP: Vaccination help wanted, logistics a plus
delivered a widely played national story about a pandemic phenomenon no other news outlet had reported: People with strong logistics skills, including fast food managers, concert promoters and even wedding planners, were being sought and pressed into service to help with COVID-19 testing and vaccination programs.Kole, AP's New England editor, was intrigued after learning that the Boston Marathon race director had been hired to run mass vaccination sites at Gillette Stadium and Fenway Park, and set out to find what other fields were being tapped to fight the pandemic. His story on the demand for operations and event experience was tweeted and retweeted several thousand times and played prominently across the U.S. https://bit.ly/3cFgb2I
Source work breaks news of surge in US military sexual assault
tapped into her deep network of Pentagon sources to score a major scoop a full day ahead of the official announcement: Sexual assaults in the military had increased by 13% last year, largely driven by a 26% surge of reported sexual assaults in the Army.Few reporters have broken as many stories on issues affecting the lives of U.S. service members as Baldor, AP's longtime military affairs reporter. She had been working sources for weeks before the official report on sexual assault, and knew the Army numbers would be bad. Then a source came through with all 26 pages of the Pentagon talking points, giving her virtually everything she needed to break the story. Many news organizations used Baldor's story or had to cite AP's reporting in their own reporting.Read more
AP team documents extraordinary funeral for George Floyd
brilliantly chronicled George Floyd's final journey. After six days of mourning in cities throughout the U.S., Floyd was laid to rest in a suburb of Houston, with a funeral and burial capped by a procession akin to those for heads of state. The funeral organizers originally barred reporters from the service, but eventually invited an AP reporter and photographer to attend. Other staffers representing text, photo and video held key positions outside the church and at the cemetery, delivering strong coverage throughout, including a brief, impromptu on-camera interview with actor Jamie Foxx. Staffers in Los Angeles and New York monitored live feeds and drafted the story.The funeral lasted hours longer than planned, leaving those covering the event outside in the Texas heat that jumped into the 90s. But the voices, details and images captured by AP, combined with a eulogy-turned-edifying sermon from the Rev. Al Sharpton, made for a compelling narrative that was among the most used stories of the week.https://bit.ly/2NduRbvhttps://bit.ly/3efWagZhttps://bit.ly/2zITREfhttps://bit.ly/2Neswgi
Skeleton found in mountains leads to a family's story of Japanese internment tragedy
Los Angeles-based reporter Brian Melley reported the initial news of a human skeleton discovered near California's second-highest peak in 2019, and he broke the news connecting the find to the World War II internment of 110,000 people of Japanese descent. But Melley didn't stop there. He persisted in tracking down family members of Giichi Matsumura, whose body had lain in the mountains for almost 75 years.
Melley found and earned the trust of Matsumura's granddaughter Lori. In this beautifully elegiac exclusive he reveals how the family's life in the U.S. was abruptly upended by the Japanese internment, the tragedy compounded by the death of Giichi and the inability to give him a proper burial. It was Lori Matsumura who managed to bring him home for reburial 75 years later, reuniting three generations in a Santa Monica cemetery.
For his determination to follow Giichi Matsumura's narrative to conclusion, breaking news while telling one family's poignant story, Melley wins AP's Best of the States award.
AP explores impact of Trump immigration policies; rare interviews with Stephen Miller, migrants
President Donald Trump has altered the immigration system arguably more than any U.S. president, meaning this year's election could have major implications for future immigration policy and for those trying to enter or stay in the U.S. In the run-up to the election, AP's immigration team unraveled four key policies that have upended lives: reduced refugee numbers, restrictions on international students, a virtual shutdown of asylum and the curbing of legal immigration.
The journalists used unmatched source work, data reporting and AP's global footprint, scoring key on-the-record interviews, from would-be refugees stuck overseas to Stephen Miller, Trump's lead immigration adviser.
For timely, in-depth coverage of immigration issues that likely hang in the balance as the election is decided, the team of Spagat, Tareen, Snow, Watson, Bull and Akour wins this week's Best of the States award.
Making the signature photo, discreetly, as family mourns McCain
Sometimes it takes a team. And a resourceful photographer.
Phoenix photographer Ross Franklin made a stunning image of Cindy McCain resting her head on the casket of her late husband Sen. John McCain during a family service in the Arizona state Capitol. Getting to this moment was a team effort, starting with great Washington contacts and relationships that gave the AP not one but two exclusive spots in the rotunda in Phoenix.
But given the solemnity of the event, there was no way to shoot the private ceremony using a motor drive to take bursts of frames – it would have been too loud and would have echoed throughout the rotunda. So Franklin agreed to shoot the entire event balanced on a ladder overlooking the scene from the balcony, with his camera in a noise muffling blimp – basically operating a camera that is wrapped in a big pillow.
When Cindy McCain approached the casket, Franklin had just one or two frames to capture the signature moment. He nailed it, and the photo was used everywhere, including a stunning display on the front of the Arizona Republic.
For his exceptional work, Ross Franklin wins this week's Best of the States award.
AP Exclusive: Inside the 11-day search for escaped Alabama inmate and his jailer accomplice
As the search for Alabama fugitives Casey White and Vicky White captured the attention of the world, Washington-based federal law enforcement reporter Mike Balsamo reached out, working his network of sources in the Justice Department and the U.S. Marshals Service for details.
Balsamo also connected with the U.S. marshal for the Northern District of Alabama, knowing he would be the person most likely to have the inside information that would enable AP to put together a clear timeline of a messy escape saga littered with gaps and confusing accounts.
That contact turned out to be pivotal after the pursuit came to a violent end in Indiana on May 9. The marshal's exclusive account of the 11-day search, coupled with details Balsamo picked up from other sources, gave AP a story rich with previously unreported detail and context. It also made for an exceptionally easy-to-follow narrative. The resulting story played widely, from Alabama to Australia.
For using all his resources to distinguish AP's coverage on this extremely competitive story, Mike Balsamo is AP's Best of the Week – First Winner.
Source work, teamwork net scoop on Biden-Putin call
teamed up to break news on one of the most highly anticipated moments early in President Joe Biden's term: the president's first conversation with Russian leader Vladimir Putin. Their scoop came together through a combination of collaboration and source work. It started with a tip to diplomatic writer Lee that the call between Biden and Putin would be coming soon. White House reporter Lemire confirmed the tip with other sources in the administration, then secured an exclusive interview with a senior administration official previewing the call and arranged to receive the first readout once it concluded. Within minutes of the call ending, AP was on the wire ahead of all U.S. competitors but also ahead of the Kremlin and Russian news services. https://bit.ly/3tqAgj7
Ex-sect members tell AP that prosecutors obstructed abuse cases
It's one of the most important lessons of investigative journalism: One good story can lead to another. Don't give up after the first round. Keep digging.
That's what Mitch Weiss of the national investigative team did after his explosive first story on the Word of Faith Fellowship. His follow-up story earns the Beat of the Week.
It took Weiss many months to persuade 43 former members of the Fellowship to open up – on the record and identified – with stories of adults and children being slapped, punched, choked and slammed to the floor in the name of the Lord. But getting so many of the reluctant ex-congregants to talk was only the start of his journalistic journey.
AWOL Weapons: AP finds tracking tech could aid enemy
collaborated across formats to report on the latest story in AP's ongoing investigation of missing military weapons, revealing a weapon-tracking technology that the U.S. Department of Defense itself describes as a "significant" security risk.After showing that the military has lost track of at least 1,900 guns, investigative reporter LaPorta and team trained their sights on how technology might help in weapons accountability. They found that one solution — putting radio frequency identification tracking tags inside guns — has introduced a security vulnerability into Army and Air Force units because it could help even relatively low-tech enemies target U.S. troops on the battlefield. The Pentagon originally appeared unaware that some units were using RFID, then said it allows service branches to explore innovative solutions. To demonstrate the highly technical story in understandable ways, LaPorta and editor Pritchard arranged field testing that showed the tags could be tracked from much greater distances than RFID contractors acknowledge. Photographer Berger and video journalist Chea illustrated the testing. Producers Roosblad and Hamlin turned that material into a sharp explainer video with the help of editors Ohm and Vadarevu. Storytelling producer Castañeda curated the AWOL Weapons hub and worked with Sison for the photo edit, while Nashville's Hall contributed important reporting.https://aplink.news/cqmhttps://aplink.video/6l4https://apnews.com/hub/awol-we...
AP Exclusive: California synagogue hadn't used security funds received shortly before shooting
After a gunman opened fire in a Southern California synagogue on Passover, killing a woman and wounding a man, his 8-year-old niece and the rabbi leading the service, the inevitable question was asked: Could anything have been done to stop the violence?
Reporters Don Thompson and Adam Beam in Sacramento and Julie Watson in San Diego combined to report exclusively that the synagogue itself had recognized security deficiencies and even received a state grant to address them.
But it hadn't spent the money, the AP team revealed.
For their exclusive follow-up to a crime that generated global attention, Thompson, Watson and Beam win this week's Best of the States.
Backstage access makes AP a big winner on Grammy night
took advantage of agency exclusive all-formats backstage access at the Grammy Awards, resulting in a wealth of interviews for video, and photo access unmatched by wire service rivals. Isaza, Landrum and Pizzello underwent numerous COVID-19 screenings in the six days leading up to the show in order to gain access. That access came about because of the AP's decade-plus relationship with the Recording Academy — and a firm stand by AP: Some artists demanded approvals of performance photos, which the AP declined, and some talent said they would only do interviews if certain questions were off limits. Again, no.The AP landed at least 20 video interviews with stars such as Dua Lipa, Da Baby, Miranda Lambert and H.E.R, touching on fashion, racial injustice, their pandemic experiences, the return to performing and more. The biggest wins were photos of Beyoncé and Taylor Swift, both rarely photographed by AP, on their big night. AP was one of four photo outlets onsite and the only photo news wire. Competitive news services were forced to use years-old pictures of the pair, as well as several other stars, with their stories.Isaza produced a behind-the-scenes video feature, and Fekadu's mainbar — powered by photos from Pizzello and Strauss, and quickly updated thanks to his preparedness — racked up nearly 110,000 pageviews by Monday afternoon. Google listed AP's story first in searches for Grammys or Beyoncé during the evening. https://apnews.com/hub/grammy-awards
Report cites lax security at mental hospital
for reporting exclusively that corrections officials who investigated the April escape of two violent patients from Washington state's largest psychiatric hospital discovered a list of mistakes, blunders and deceptions at what should be a secure facility. http://apne.ws/2de0u60
AP Exclusive: COVID job cuts widen economic inequality
crunched federal economic data for his exclusive report that Americans as a whole are now earning the same amount in wages and salaries that they did before the viral pandemic struck — even with nearly 9 million fewer people working.The main reason? The job cuts of the past 11 months have fallen overwhelmingly on lower-income workers across the economy's service sector — from restaurants and hotels to retail stores and entertainment venues. By contrast, tens of millions of higher-income Americans, most of whom have been able to work from home, have managed to keep or acquire jobs and to continue to receive pay increases.Rugaber independently verified the story's premise by comparing multiple federal data sets, then interviewed a number of economists to gain deeper insights into the trend. "Pretty remarkable" is how one economist described the findings. The exclusive work provided stark evidence of the nation's widening economic inequality. https://bit.ly/3atLOed
Abuse scandal hits Texas diocese as cardinal meets with pope
Houston-based reporter Nomaan Merchant broke important news about the role of an influential American cardinal in an abuse scandal in his home diocese, just as the cardinal was meeting with Pope Francis to discuss reforms to address clergy abuse.
Merchant exclusively tracked down two accusers who allege a priest in the Houston archdiocese had abused them – and that church leaders, including Cardinal Daniel DiNardo, subsequently did little to nothing to keep him out of the ministry and away from children.
The allegations were significant on their own given the current abuse crisis roiling the Catholic church. But they were made even more newsworthy in that they implicated DiNardo just as he met with the pope to discuss the church's handling of sex abuse cases. The accusers said they personally complained to DiNardo about the priest and believed they were brushed off.
Merchant's reporting made an immediate splash in Houston-area media and religion news sources. It was also the talk of the Vatican gathering in Rome.
For his efforts, Merchant wins this week's Best of States.
Foresight, persistence, sources put AP ahead on green card restrictions for legal immigrants
Few reporters were paying attention to a draft rule barring legal immigrants from getting green cards if they received benefits like Medicaid or food stamps – but AP's Colleen Long was.
Long, AP's Washington-based Homeland Security reporter, had spent months asking U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services when the final rules would be published, making them official. With a heads-up from sources, she was eventually able to get an advance briefing and interview, writing the story just before heading off on vacation. Then, as soon as the rule appeared, she alerted the Washington desk to move the story, giving AP a major beat over other news organizations. By the time the White House and Homeland Security held briefings, Long already had all the key details on the wire.
For her skilled source-building, persistence and meticulous reporting, Long wins this week's Best of the States honors.
All-formats team tells the shared story of rural Missouri churches, immigrants, adversity and faith
It's a story of two churches in rural Missouri, only 30 miles apart — and worlds apart.
One congregation is mostly white, while the other offers services in five languages with members from around the world. The pandemic has united them, with pastors meeting to support each other, share ideas and figure out how to continue ministering to this region hit disproportionately by the coronavirus.
The team of national writer David Crary, youth and religion reporter Luis Andres Henao and video journalist Jessie Wardarski earned the trust of residents to produce an intimate all-formats story, revealing diverse Midwestern communities that aren't famous but are integral to the nation's identity.
For compelling coverage of communities united in adversity and navigating with faith, the team of Crary, Henao and Wardarski wins this week's Best of the States award.
AP: Algorithm screening for child neglect raises bias concerns
teamed up on an exclusive package that revealed concerns over racial disparity in an algorithm used by one child welfare agency to help decide if a family should be investigated by child protective services.Long-term source work allowed the reporters to obtain research on the impact of the tool used to support social workers in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, who make split-second decisions meant to protect children from neglect. The research showed the algorithm flagging a disproportionate number of Black children for a "mandatory" neglect investigation when compared with white children, and that social workers disagreed with the risk scores the tool produced about one-third of the time.Read more


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Where is Kurniawan now?
Kurniawan, Federal Bureau of Prisons #62470-112, is currently incarcerated at Taft Correctional Institution in Taft, California. His earliest possible release date is January 9, 2021. As he had been living in the United States illegally since 2003, he will be deported to Indonesia upon his release.
Is Rudy Kurniawan still in private collections?
The 2016 documentary Sour Grapes directed by Jerry Rothwell and Reuben Atlas retells the events in the wine counterfeiting story of Rudy Kurniawan. The film states that as many as 10,000 counterfeit bottles created by Kurniawan may still be in private collections.
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Kurniawan attended California State University, Northridge, in the late nineties, [5] arriving in the US on a student visa around 1998. [7] Kurniawan unsuccessfully sought political asylum in the United States in 2001.
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A 2016 documentary film traces Kurniawan's family in Indonesia, including his mother's two brothers Hendra Rahardja and Eddy Tansil both of whom also committed massive fraud and were sentenced to prison.
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Please observe: When you're a novice bird proprietor caring for a species of exotic you're unfamiliar with, or have encountered an issue with feeding, you need to speak with an avian veterinarian or other exotic chicken specialist about easy methods to proceed.
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Unfortunately, many mother and father tire of their child's pet birds when the youngsters go off to college, and plenty of senior residents do not know what to do with their birds when they turn out to be unable to take care of them. Hand raised, exotic birds thrive on human attention and develop emotional and behavioral points when they don't obtain enough mental stimulation.


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AAAAA (5A) is awarded to the most important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China, given the highest level in the rating categories used by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of 2020, there are 279 tourist attractions listed as 5A.

History
The origins of the rating system for tourist attractions are based on criteria first set out in 1999 by the China National Tourism Administration (predecessor to the current Ministry of Culture and Tourism) and revised in 2004. The criteria include quality and management factors like ease of transportation links, site safety, cleanliness, etc., and also takes into account the uniqueness and recognition of the sightseeing offers. Tourist attractions were graded according to the criteria on a scale initially from  A to AAAA with AAAAA or 5As added on later as the highest rating. A group of 66 tourist attractions was certified as the first set of AAAAA rated tourist attractions in 2007. The first batch included many of the most iconic historical sites in China including the Forbidden City and Summer Palace. Additional batches of additional sites have been added including 20 new 5A sites in February 2017. On rare occasions, a few locations have been downgraded from the highest rating category for deficiencies in visitor experience.

List

Downgrading
Tourist sites found deficient by the China National Tourism Administration (merged into the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2018) have lost their 5A accreditation due to deficiencies in visitor experience. In 2015, Shanhai Pass in Hebei was the first tourist site to be downgraded from 5A. The next wave of downgrading occurred in 2016 with the removal of Orange Isle in Hunan and Shenlong Gorge in Chongqing for "security concerns, overpricing, poor environmental management and poor facility maintenance, as well as bad service mainly resulting from a lack of staff members."

See also
List of protected areas of China
List of national parks of China

References

External links
Complete list of AAAA tourist attractions (Chinese) at the website of the central government of the People's Republic of China

Tourism in China
Tourist Attraction Rating Categories of China

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you have a fence to keep animals and kids in or unwanted visitors out, you could end up with a big problem if it gets damaged.
Any type of fencing work is better left to the professionals; however,there are some emergency fencing repairs you can DIY if you find yourself dealing with storm-damaged fencing that needs some immediate help.
Try these clever ideas while you wait for a fencing service to come make emergency fence repairs so you can still let the dogs out in the meantime.
Board Rails - Broken boards can be temporarily fixed by screwing another piece of board or even a piece of 2x4 behind it so both ends of the broken rail are attached and secured.
Split Rails - A damaged split rail could be screwed together with long, sharp decking screws or tied together with strong twine until your fencer can arrive to put in a new rail for you.
Backer Rails - Backer rails that pull away from the supporting post can be secured by either screwing pieces of 2x4 to the post and then screwing the backer to the 2x4 pieces or using metal t-braces on both sides of the rail.
Plywood Sheets or Scrap Sheet Metal - To cover a larger area in a panel-type installation, use a big sheet of plywood or scrap metal. In either case, use wood screws to attach the sheets on the posts in front of the damaged area to make a sturdy cover until you can get the section professionally repaired.
Thick Cardboard or Waterproof Cowl Board - In the absence of plywood or a sheet of scrap metal, heavy-duty cardboard like that used for appliance boxes or even cowl board can be used in the same way when you have to block the opening before your emergency fence repair service can arrive.
Wire Mesh - Garden wire, chicken wire, and any other kind of wire mesh can also work when screwed into the non-damaged part of the panel or even to the posts.
A broken post definitely needs replacing by a fencer; however, in the meantime you can support it to prevent the two fencing sections on either side from coming down.
Accomplish this by either screwing 2x4's over the broken area with a commercially available metal fence post support or by pounding a wood or metal stake into the ground beside the post and then screwing or tightly tying it on.
Please note, these are all temporary post fixes to be used only for a short time to prevent your whole fence from falling down; they should not be relied on as a permanent post repair.
When your fencing is damaged and needs emergency fence repair, there are quite a few temporary DIY repairs you can do.
Do remember that emergency fencing repairs are only temporary repairs and should not be relied on to maintain the integrity of your fencing boundary.
Once you've made temporary repairs to keep pets and kids in or others out, arrange for professional repair work from an emergency fence repair service that can be there as quickly as possible!
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By |2019-04-16T17:06:00-05:00April 10th, 2019|Emergency Fencing Repairs in College Station Texas|Comments Off on What Emergency Fencing Repairs Can I Do Myself?


Home Care Assistance of Guelph is partnering with MAREP for their 5th annual Alzheimer's Awareness Month colloquium.View poster.Register here.
Alzheimer Society Waterloo Wellington held its 2nd Annual General Meeting at Stanley Park Community Centre on September 14, 2015.
Matt Vijayan and Angie Kunnath of Home Care Assistance Waterloo present a cheque to Jennifer Gillies and Sherri Sutherland of the Alzheimer Society.


I watch the girls go by.
I sit out in the open without hesitation.
I wish one girl would notice and approach me.
What typically happens when Chris visits his attraction locations.
An Attraction Location, also called an Attraction Spot, is a CWC-ism for any place where Chris sits passively, hoping to attract the attention of single women. Along with his Attraction Sign and Axe body spray, use of an Attraction Location has been a crucial component of Chris's Love Quest.
In practice, the Attraction Locations that Chris chose left him exposed to discovery by various authority figures, who take umbrage with his methods. He steadfastly refused to abandon his post until he was either banned or forcibly removed from the premises. Undaunted, he would go on to find new Attraction Locations, only to be banned from them as well.
It's interesting to note that the use of these different locations marks some of the few significant milestones in Chris's life between 2003 and 2008, and even this minor change in his routine was forced upon him. It's entirely possible that if Chris had made less of a ruckus, he might still be sitting in his original Attraction Location to this day, indifferent to the years wasted in his fruitless endeavor.
Piedmont Virginia Community College - Until suspension on 16 September 2004.
University of Virginia - Until December 2004; briefly returned during March 2009, following Julie debacle.
Charlottesville Fashion Square - February 2004 until banned on 29 March 2005, briefly during March 2009, May 2009 until imminent permaban. Despite said ban, Chris is again using the mall as an Attraction location in 2012.
Wal-Mart - Until kicked out on 20 and 22 June 2005.
Target - Until arrested and thrown out on 20 July 2005.
The GAMe PLACe - Although not primarily an Attraction Location, Chris met Megan there, and possibly considered it a good place to meet subsequent women, at least until being permanently banned on 28 August 2008.
Fridays After Five - Used in June 2010, sporting a muscle bra he'd written on; seemed to attract the attention of a few underage girls.
Jefferson Theater - Along with his mother, Chris attended a benefit show at this venue on 9 March 2012, hoping to make new gal-pals. He left the place early after having made new acquaintances, the genders of which he did not specify.
Impulse Gay Social Club, which Chris started to visit in 2014 to pick up lesbians.
14 Branchland Court - Since late 2008, Chris has mostly confined his Love Quest to the Internet. While perhaps not officially an Attraction Location, his basic technique of sitting around waiting for love to find him remains unchanged.
Chris's time spent at his attraction location would be called his "attraction time". While waiting for a boyfriend-free girl to approach him, he would do things such as play on his DS, watch videos on his DS, pace back and forth, sing loudly, and so forth. These activities which, obviously, were rather distracting to mall patrons (and not terribly attractive to nubile passersby), would factor into his being banned from such locations.
Due to his imbalanced biological clock (typically causing him to crash into slumber at about 6:30 A.M. and wake close to noon) attraction time would generally take place in the mid-to-late afternoon. This time would conveniently (and to the horror of the female patrons of Fashion Square) provide a higher concentration of potential sweethearts for Chris to harass.
Anna McLerran's "The Tale of the Crazy Pacer" is the definitive chronicle of Chris spending his attraction time, when he moved from sitting in front of Abercrombie & Fitch to PacSun, where Anna was working at the time.
This page was last edited on 16 December 2015, at 19:19.


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I can't believe I haven't posted Charlotte's in home Newborn session yet. Such a special session as her two big doggie siblings were present for the session.
So much I love about this session... But Charlotte on the beautiful green couch with her very large doggie brother, her Dad holding her in his favorite chair and of course the details in her amazing nursery, are probably my favorites.
1. I need good natural light! That doesn't mean turning on every lamp in the house. I need lots of windows with good lighting during the session.
3. I need lot's of room for all of the things that I listed in #2.
If you don't think you have all of these 3 items listed but are really wanting a in home newborn session, contact me and we will talk everything over!
If you are really wanting more posed baby pictures like Emery's studio session (click HERE to see these) than I would highly suggest doing them in my studio.
Charlotte's in home session was perfect! We had perfect lighting and lot's of room plus her parents were really looking for a more natural type of session.
I would love to photograph this important milestone in your life!
My photography is conviently located near Union Terminal in Cincinnati, OH on Spring Grove Ave.


The offerings at Chamak Chocolates have posed the strongest challenge to this practice in recent history. They are so lovely that I stared at them for a full 24 hours, then I willed myself to eat them only after my husband noted their lasting beauty may be hiding declining freshness.
The first beautiful victim of my Chamak Chocolate tasting was the "Texas Thithilee," a whimsical, butterfly-shaped chocolate (thithilee is Hindi for "butterfly"). The mildly sweet white chocolate exterior encases a stronger, seasoned interior of nutmeg and Texas pecans, a wonderful combination of Lone Star legumes and South Asian spices.
I found even more intense heat in the "Sholay" (or "flame"), which matched bitter 60 percent cacao chocolate with cinnamon and red and black pepper. This confection challenged my standard American palate, which is accustomed to the idea that desserts are uniformly sweet, and while my heart of hearts is loyal to the more straightforward stuff of Hershey, I adored its spunky originality.
Gulabi aankhen jo teri, a lyric from and title of a classic Bollywood song, roughly translates to "your rose-like eyes." Although this flavor is the least showy in terms of appearance among Chamak Chocolates, its components -- a milk chocolate truffle infused with rose essence and petals, coated in poppy seeds -- couldn't taste prettier.
I saved the most attractive chocolate for last, because I think I harbored some vague hope I would be too full to eat it. Alas, the feisty flavors of the aforetasted sweets only intensified my hunger and my curiosity. The qadeem (Hindi for "antique"), swathed in pink, ivory, gold, and green, boasted an appropriately old-world flavor as well as look, thanks to the combination of ginger and milk chocolate that made me nostalgic for childhood Christmases.
Sarah Ali, the creative confectioner behind Chamak Chocolates, also makes South Asian-inspired brownies, cookies, and cupcakes. Unfortunately (for me), I don't think they're quite as beautiful as her truffles, which means should I get my hands on them there will be no hesitation on my part about demolishing them all in one sitting.


text:
Scottish lower-league football suspended because of Covid-19
By Jon Colman @joncolman Sports Reporter
Annan boss Peter Murphy (photo: Stuart Walker)
Lower-league football in Scotland has been suspended for three weeks because of Covid-19.
Divisions below the Championship have seen their league campaigns paused by the Scottish Football Association board.
That includes Annan Athletic, who are seventh in Scottish League Two after 10 games.
Gretna FC 2008, who compete in the Scottish Lowland League, have also seen their season paused.
It follows a meeting last night of the FA board in response to rising coronavirus cases across the country.
The impacted leagues are SPFL League One, SPFL League Two, Scottish Women's Football Premier Leagues 1 and 2, Highland League, Lowland League, East, West & South of Scotland Leagues, Scottish Junior FA Leagues and the North Caledonian League.
The suspension of the game will run until January 31 and will be reviewed on a rolling basis by the Scottish FA and the Scottish Government, a statement said.
The Scottish Cup will also be suspended, with any matches scheduled to be played before February 1 to be rescheduled.
Annan, managed by former Carlisle United favourite Peter Murphy, were due to be in Scottish Cup action tomorrow in their rearranged Second Round trip to Formartine United.
The winners will host Premiership side Motherwell.
Premiership and Championship leagues will continue, with the Premiership expected to "continue to adhere to the stringent testing protocols" and Championship asked to begin weekly testing.
Rod Petrie, Scottish FA President, said in a statement: "The Scottish FA is well aware of the efforts all clubs take to comply with the exacting protocols that were conditional on elite football being given an exemption to continue amid the pandemic.
"Nonetheless, the continuation of football at all levels has weighed increasingly heavy on me as President, my colleagues on the board and the Joint Response Group as we have watched the new strain of the virus spread rapidly.


I am excited to help you reach your greatest potential, personally and professionally!
One on one visits with me may be in person, over the phone, or video call.
Your time won't be wasted. I will dive right in and try to get to the root what's holding you back so we can discover how you can unfold your best new life. You must be ready and willing to look deep within yourself and willing to take the steps necessary in order to get the results you want. I will be right there for you along the way, you are not alone in your journey.
I love to teach others the art of preparing high vibrational foods that are delicious and feed our mind, body, or spirit. These classes are fun to host a group of your friends!
This option works well for those traveling and planning on being in Arizona for a short time or really need more time focused on you. We can plan something magical, perhaps your personal retreat is held something beautiful in nature. The price we be determined based on the plans we create together.
These workshops create the most transformation in every who attends. You will have a weekend releasing what is holding you back from having the life of your dreams. Attend ones of these weekend retreats filled with love, self-discovery, healing, and leave with real tools to implement to build a more positive life.
I offer a variety of workshops and am always creating new ones. Be sure to check out the events page for a full description and the calendar for upcoming classes.
We work with motivational, inspirational, and life-changing books. Most workshops meet once a week for 6 weeks. You can purchase/bring your own copy of the book we are working with or purchase at the first meeting.
Do you have a meeting the could use some motivation or looking for a speaker for your next big event?
I have a wide arrange of classes to offer for your group setting. Some Topics may include: changing your life, forgiveness, compassion, living your purpose, self-love, expressing gratitude, grief to gratitude, and the law of attraction. I would be happy to create something that would work for your group.
This is a great opportunity to hold a class session right in your own home! I will come to your home with a group of 10-15 guests. Classes are generally two hours in length. This could be a workshop or a cooking classes. We have so much fun and together! We can create something magical for your special event.
I understand the trials and tribulations of starting or building a business when you may not have enough income coming in to create what you want to. I see so many people in the same boat as I was, lost ... not knowing where to start or just feeling overwhelmed with it all. I believe we all have an important mission and the world needs you and your skills. It's become my mission to help small businesses grow and get streamlined, automated, and seen.
I offer consulting and various training for anyone who, wants to create their business or has a business and is ready to take it to the next level.


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Vienna is in a class all its own, a cultural feast for the eyes and ears. Take in a concert or art masterpiece in this Old World capital city, so full of beauty and romance. Tour its cathedrals and palaces, take in its countless museums, or relax in one of the city's picture-perfect parks.
Stay in a vacation rental apartment in the charming heart of the city.
Sights to see: St. Stephen's Cathedral and catacombs, the Hapsburg summer palace of Schoenbrunn; Belvedere Palace museum and garden, Kunst Haus Wien, and more!
Day trips: The romantic Danube castles, abbeys, and villages of the Wachau; the vast grasslands at Lake Neusiedl, with its unique bird habitat and flora; the spa town of Baden; Joseph Haydn's grave in Eisenstadt; the medieval city of Graz; the Roman ruins at Carnuntum; and even the Slovakian capital, Bratislava.
Sightseeing: The catacombs under St. Stephan's Cathedral; the imperial apartments in the Hofburg, the Hapsburg summer palace of Schoenbrunn; the art museum and gardens of the Belvedere Palace; the world-renowned State Opera House, and some of Vienna's countless museums. And, of course, what is Vienna without music? The Vienna Boys Choir, the opera houses, concert houses, and churches all feature the best musicians in the world performing for both Viennese and international audiences.
Around every corner on a Vienna Untour is an off-the-beaten track delight: Strolling through the historic Prater amusement park; shopping for Austrian antiques at a flea market; buying food at an open-air market; sipping coffee and reading a newspaper in a café frequented by writers, actors, and musicians; eating hot sausage and drinking crisp white wine in a Vienna woods wine pub; or just eating a picnic in the Stadtpark, listening to an orchestra play Strauss waltzes.
One or two weeks in a personally selected, private apartment in Vienna.
Local information, plus our own Untouring Vienna guidebook, researched and written by Untours staff, full of the best restaurants, sightseeing, and other suggestions.
An Untours sponsored event, like a dinner with our staff person or a guided trip to Vienna's countryside.
A tour of Vienna Art & History, May 19 & Sept 29.


The Dummer Beagles..At the end of the day, very exhausted and thirsty beagles drink from a cattle trough. Manor Farm, Upper Slaughter, Gloucestershire. Hunting with Hounds / Mansion Editions (isbn 0-9542233-1-4) copyright Homer Sykes. +44 (0) 20-8542-7083. < www.mansioneditions.com >.