According to the Cisco Visual Networking Index, M2M connections will represent 46% of connected devices by 2020.
95% of execs surveyed plan to launch an IoT business within three years.
By Louis Columbus, 10 July 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Developers, Platform.
The public cloud computing sector is in a constant state of evolution, as vendors design new IT infrastructure architectures and service providers deploy them in their own unique hyperscale data centre facilities.
According to the latest analysis of cloud pricing by 451 Research, for the majority of new applications, a serverless solution offers a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than both virtual machines (VMs) or containers.
By David H Deans, 10 July 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Applications, Data Centres, Developers, Hybrid, Research.
Software testers are often viewed as the "last mile" investment in a tech startup. A young, early-stage software company is undeniably focused on feature development that will drive sales. There is real pressure to develop the product quickly and spin out new features to beat the competition, especially if you have outside investors tapping their fingers.
By Kevin Dunne, 21 June 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Developers, Software.
In the race to move to hybrid cloud, enterprises are looking at containers to increase efficiency and developer productivity, according to a new study.
Of the more than 200 enterprise IT decision makers polled by CoreOS and 451 Research, their usage of containers was relatively even across the board. A quarter (24%) said they had a broad implementation of production applications, while 17% said they were still as the discovery and evaluation stage.
By James Bourne, 20 June 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Containers, Developers, DevOps, Hybrid, Platform, Research.
A new report from Puppet on the DevOps landscape has found a significant gap in productivity and results between the highest and lowest rating organisations.
By James Bourne, 06 June 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Data Management, Developers, DevOps, Infrastructure.
Cloud computing skills are certainly in demand, whether it is microservices, containers, or DevOps. Yet according to a new US study, colleges and universities are struggling to adapt.
A new report from B2B research company Clutch says that despite LinkedIn naming 'cloud and distributed computing' as the number one global skill of 2016, spiralling costs of course resources, limited expertise on-campus and the pace of innovation in the industry were contributing factors to the struggle.
By James Bourne, 19 May 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Developers, Research, Trends.
IBM claims it has the fastest cloud for deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) after publishing benchmark tests which show NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU accelerators on the IBM Cloud can provide up to 2.8 times more performance than the previous generation in certain cases.
By James Bourne, 10 May 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Data & Analytics, Developers, Platform, Software.
Digital transformation continues to dominate boardroom discussions as businesses increasingly realise the organisational and cost efficiencies that digitisation can provide.
By Monica Brink, 21 April 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Data & Analytics, Developers, Disaster Recovery, Hybrid, Infrastructure.
Security-related certifications pay on average over $17,000 per year more than the median IT certification salary.
Citrix certifications have annual salaries that range from $99,411 to $105,086 with a median salary of $102,365.
AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate is paying a median salary of $125,091.
Project Management Professional (PMP) certifications are the most pervasive, with 730,000 active PMPs in 210 countries and territories worldwide.
By Louis Columbus, 20 April 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Architecture, Data & Analytics, Developers, Security.
The cloud skills gap is widening and almost 40% of businesses are now struggling to find the qualified employees they need, according to Microsoft's recent Cloud Skills Report. This is an incredible opportunity for professionals who can prove their cloud knowledge.
By Alex Bennett, 12 April 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Amazon, Architecture, Developers, Microsoft.
Tencent's cloud computing services will be beefed up with GPU accelerators from NVIDIA to 'help advance artificial intelligence for enterprise customers', the companies have announced.
The collaboration will include plugging Tencent's cloud into NVIDIA's Pascal architecture to connect multiple GPUs, as well as offering services incorporating Tesla P100, P40 and M40 GPU accelerators.
By James Bourne, 27 March 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Applications, Data & Analytics, Developers, Platform.
Adobe and Microsoft have announced the first set of joint solutions to 'help enterprises transform their customer experiences', with Adobe's Experience Cloud combining alongside Microsoft Azure, Dynamics 365 and Power BI products.
By James Bourne, 22 March 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Data & Analytics, Developers, Microsoft, Software.
The good news: enterprises are beginning to use technologies such as software defined networking (SDN) and containers in production scenarios. Yet according to a new study from Dimension Data, management of hybrid IT environments remains a key challenge with automation the key.
By James Bourne, 22 March 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Developers, Hybrid, Platform.
The pace of change today dictates that almost every organisation of a business move fast and compete, or face disruption. With technology playing such a central role regardless of the type of business, there's considerable focus on adopting software as an organisational lubricant and various cloud-based models to facilitate operational simplicity and ease of consumption.
By Shashi Kiran, 07 March 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Developers, DevOps, Platform.
IBM has released a new API for its Quantum Experience program, which will enable developers to build interfaces between its cloud-based quantum computers and its classical equivalents.
According to Gartner's most recent hype cycle, from August last year, quantum computing – the process of using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as entanglement, to perform operations – will take more than 10 years to hit the mainstream.
By James Bourne, 06 March 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Developers, Platform.
CIOs must create and launch new business models faster to keep their companies competitive. APIs are the fuel helping to make this happen.
By Louis Columbus, 02 March 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Big Data, Data & Analytics, Developers, Platform.
MWC "I get the feeling the momentum is there – people are understanding architecturally how to make it work now," says Steve Gleave, senior vice president of marketing at Metaswitch Networks.
By James Bourne, 27 February 2017, 0 comments. Categories: Data & Analytics, Developers, Infrastructure, Virtualisation.
Financial results for the fourth quarter of 2016 reveals massive growth for the top cloud providers. With 47% and 93% revenue growth for Amazon AWS and Microsoft respectively, one thing is clear – cloud is growing at a breakneck pace.
By Alex Bennett, 23 February 2017, 1 comment. Categories: Applications, Best Practice, Developers, DevOps, Enterprise.


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Susan Daggett, a Portrait of Determination and Strength
Charley Co. Holiday Market
Family Issues: Mental Health & Illness
Travel: Steamboatin' in the Summertime
Posted by pixeladmin | May 7, 2015 | June/July 2006, Travel | 0 |
Active fun for the family or the two of you! Don your cowboy boots along with hiking and biking gear when heading up to Steamboat Springs, a cool mountain town where Old West ways meet up with a wagonload of alpine summer fun. This Western heritage is at its best when Steamboat celebrates its 103rd annual Cowboys' Roundup Days the Fourth of July with a cattle drive down its main street, along with rodeos, a parade, a flapjack feed, free concerts and plenty of fireworks (July 1-4).
Since the late 1800s, ranching has been a way of life in the surrounding Yampa River Valley, and on Steamboat's picturesque streets you'll still see ranchers going about their business among the townsfolk and tourists. One of the newest attractions celebrates this Old West way of life: Led by local historians, Heritage Ranch Tours give visitors a glimpse of life on working cattle, sheep, horse, bison and elk ranches near Steamboat (July 2 and 22, Aug.10 and Sept.9).
Yet lively Western traditions are just part of what makes this town tick. As summer wildflowers replace the deep Champagne Powder® snow on slopes that have trained more Winter Olympians than any other mountain in North America — including famed silver medalist and Steamboat Ski Resort's director of skiing Billy Kidd, who skis in a cowboy hat — Steamboat turns into one of the most spectacular hiking, biking and horseback-riding destinations in the Rockies. When President Teddy Roosevelt hunted and fished in the forests around Steamboat Springs in the 1890s, their pristine beauty no doubt helped inspire his decision to establish the National Forest Service in 1905, and, with it, the Routt National Forest near Steamboat Springs. This legacy includes the Mt. Zirkel Wilderness, Steamboat's unofficial backyard, where 173 miles of trails wind among three mountain ranges and more than 70 lakes, including 27 miles of the sublime Continental Divide Trail. Here the Gold Creek-Gilpin Lake Loop (six hours round trip from the Slovenia trailhead) is a favorite scenic route.
Another popular trail with over-the-top views is the Devil's Causeway in the Flat Tops Wilderness, where more than 100 trout-laden lakes and ponds dot the slopes beneath the unusual Flat Top Mountain — created when a massive block of rock pushed upward and planed level (about four hours round trip from the Stillwater Reservoir trailhead). Especially hiker-friendly, the Sarvice Creek and Silver Creek trails in the Sarvice Creek Wilderness — named for the Sarvice berries that the native black bears love — have shuttle cars at both ends of the trails so you can return without backtracking. Even if you're not in top hiking or biking shape at these altitudes, ranging from 7,000 to over 12,000 feet at summits, no problem: There's still a perfect scenic trail just for you.
In fact, your whole family can enjoy biking along the paved, mostly flat, seven-mile Yampa Core Trail, which follows the Yampa River from downtown to the mountains. En route you can stop for a dip in picture-perfect swimming holes, picnic in parks or go fishing for tasty trout for dinner. There's also tubing on the Yampa River, as well as rafting and kayaking — with lessons available at the Mountain Sports Kayak School.
Steamboat SpringsAnother sure-fire family hit is the "Howler," an alpine slide that zooms down a 2,400-foot track on Howelsen Hill, one of Colorado's oldest ski areas. And in summer the base of the Steamboat Ski Area becomes the "Gondola Square Adventure Zone" featuring a climbing wall, a slingshot bungee jump and miniature and disc golf. Or take your crew for a thrilling ride on the gondola, and savor the panoramic views of the entire Yampa Valley. If your kids want even more adventure, consider enrolling them in an "Adventure Camp" session (Monday-Friday, 9am-4pm, for children ages 3-12) for a variety of alpine activities, or a "Yampatika" outing, where they'll join a skilled naturalist for a day of back country hiking while learning about plants and animals as well as valuable wilderness survival skills (grouped for ages 9-11 and 12-15). And if you're into climbing, guides with Rock Mountain Ventures can lead all levels of climbers on half-day or full-day climbs. After so much fun, everyone will be ready to relax in the downtown hot springs pool of Steamboat Springs Health and Recreation, where the kids can play on the water slide while Mom gets a massage at Hot Springs Body Works in the complex.
For dinner, head for a family-friendly restaurant such as the historic Old Town Pub, whose large menu has something for everyone. Or cook your steaks just the way you like them (or let the staff do it all) and enjoy s'mores for dessert at the 8th Street Steakhouse. Burgers at the 1950s-style diner Johnny B. Good's or barbecue at the casual Steamboat Smokehouse are likewise family favorites. Evening family entertainment takes center stage at the new Steamboat Mountain Theater, which has puppet shows, juggling acts, melodramas, live music, films and more. If it's just you and your honey, make Saturday night dinner reservations at Hazie's at the top of the gondola, or for Sunday brunch at its New Orleans-inspired buffet. Other good restaurant choices for couples include Antares (New American cuisine), Cottonwood Grill (Pacific Rim), Riggio's (Italian), La Montaña (Southwest-Mex) and The Cabin at Steamboat Grand Resort Hotel (steaks, jet-fresh seafood and Colorado wild game).
Summertime is also the perfect time to discover Steamboat's cultural side. From Tuesday through Saturday there are live music concerts (most of them free) ranging from chamber music to bluegrass and jazz. Many of these are sponsored by the Strings in the Mountains Music Festival, which presents both local and international talent, including the renowned South African group Ladysmith Black Mambazo on July 21. If you're opera fans, come for the Emerald City Opera, bringing performers from opera companies around the country for performances of Letters for Mozart: Life and Love through His Operas (Aug. 4 and 6). This original operatic tribute to Mozart's 250th anniversary is part of the city-wide Beaux Arts Festival & Art Car Stampede (Aug.1-13), a celebration of all the arts with fine art exhibits, street painting, theater, sculpture gardens, concerts, wine-art dinners and more. Artists and art connoisseurs would also enjoy the annual Steamboat Studio Arts and Culture Tour (Aug. 19), a self-guided tour of working artists' studios. Or the beauty of more than 40 hot-air balloons rising over the Yampa Valley at the much-anticipated annual Hot Air Balloon Rodeo and Art in the Park, Steamboat's biggest arts and crafts fair (July 8-9).
Steamboat SpringsWine lovers and foodies won't want to miss the annual Steamboat Wine Festival (Aug. 3-6), a chance to sniff, swirl and sip their way through a fantastic weekend while savoring cuisine by award-winning chefs from around the state as well as live entertainment. And even people without green thumbs look forward to the annual High Country Garden Tour (July 15), which showcases six stunning gardens created by local experts and includes a catered lunch. As you stop to admire their artistry in concert with Mother Nature, musicians with the Strings in the Mountain Festival of Music play, and Master Gardeners gladly answer your questions.
Of course, no visit to Steamboat Springs is complete without a visit to a special place that has been drawing people here since the Ute Indians first discovered its rejuvenating powers. Tucked into a forest glen just seven miles from downtown Steamboat Springs, the rock-framed natural pools of Strawberry Park Hot Springs have this effect: Once settled into your favorite pool, you never want to leave. For a romantic escape, you could stay in a rustic cabin or a renovated caboose nearby — after getting Watsu floating massages in two side-by-side private pools from staff in two cottages overlooking the pools. (Swedish, deep-tissue and sports massages are also available). Visitors take note:A dip in these hot springs virtually guarantees you'll come back.
For more information, visit steamboatchamber.com, or for reservations, steamboatsummer.com. Or call 877-754-2269. Steamboat Springs has a wide range of accommodations for all budgets, including condos, motels, bed and breakfasts, small inns, resort hotels and guest ranches. Steamboat Springs is about 160 miles northwest of Denver.
By MELANIE YOUNG
NextDollars & Sense: Help with Debt Management
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Maschine (German for machine) is a hardware/software digital audio workstation developed by Native Instruments. Maschine consists of a controller that connects to the included sequencing software, which can be installed on any compatible computer or laptop.

Hardware
The Maschine controller is designed like a drum machine, similar to products like the Akai MPC. The controller is powered and connected by USB, with each variation featuring 16 pressure sensitive pads and back-lit buttons. The hardware is not limited for sole use with the Maschine software, but is also compatible with Native Instruments' Traktor DJ software, and music production software such as Ableton Live and FL Studio. There are currently 8 different hardware variations:
 Maschine Mk1: The original Maschine featured 16 pressure sensitive pads, 11 rotary knobs, 2 LCD screens, and 41 buttons. Alongside the USB connection, Maschine also featured a MIDI input and output to connect to compatible gear externally.
Maschine Mikro Mk1: Introduced as a lower-priced and more portable option in the Maschine product family, Maschine Mikro featured 16 pressure sensitive pads, a single LCD screen, a single knob, and 28 buttons. Mikro also lacked Maschine's built in MIDI connectivity.
 Maschine Mk2: Nearly identical to its predecessor, the Mk2 version of Maschine added upgraded pads and RGB backlighting for all of its buttons. Additionally, 3 knobs related to volume, tempo, and swing were replaced with a single jog wheel and 6 buttons. Maschine Mk2 was available in either black or white, and features a removable magnetic top-plate and knobs for further color customization.
 Maschine Mikro Mk2: The Mk2 configuration of Maschine Mikro featured upgraded pads and RGB backlighting. The hardware layout was unchanged from  the previous model, and was available in either black or white.
 Maschine Studio: Maschine Studio was introduced as the premium edition of the hardware. Maschine Studio features 16 pressure-sensitive pads, RGB backlighting, 9 rotary knobs, 2 color LCD screens, 2 sliders, a jog wheel, and 66 buttons. The controller also features dual MIDI inputs and outputs, 2 foot switch inputs, and an input for a 15v power supply, as USB power is insufficient.
 Maschine Jam: Introduced in 2016, Maschine Jam utilized a new 8x8 grid of pads for better step sequencing control. Maschine Jam also features 8 touch strips that can be used for effects.
 Maschine Mk3: The Mk3 version of Maschine added larger and more sensitive pads, more and bigger click buttons, its own sound card, better navigation, dual colored LCD screens, and the best features of the Maschine Studio in a compact package.
 Maschine Mikro Mk3: The Mk3 of Maschine Mikro is the smallest version of Maschine to date and features a smaller LCD screen than older versions, but now includes a touch strip for effects and the upgraded pads from the Maschine Mk3.
 Maschine+: Introduced in September 2020, Maschine + is a standalone version of Maschine that doesn't need to be plugged to a computer. The hardware features WiFi capabilities to exchange sounds and files with a computer. It can also work with the usual Maschine software, which will be updated to a new version allowing the addition of clips on a linear timeline.

Software
The Maschine software is designed to be used as a standalone production studio, or utilized as a plugin within a digital audio workstation. The software is primarily based on drum sequencing and designed for use with the Maschine line of hardware controllers. Users assign drum kits, instruments, and sounds from the included library to each of the controller's 16 pads, and can manipulate sounds further by applying effects and plugins. The software also includes tools to capture and manipulate audio samples in real-time. All functions can be performed without the use of a mouse, and instead directly from the hardware itself. The 2.0 version of the software added multi-core CPU support, a new audio engine, the removal of plugin limits, and other upgrades to UI and audio effects.

Maschine was also ported and simplified into an iOS app called iMaschine. Users use the touch screen to manipulate a virtual recreation of the 16 pads found on the Maschine controller. With the release of iMaschine 2, the app features many of the features found on the full production suite, such as step sequencing, arrangement, and the ability to record and manipulate samples. iMaschine 2 on the iPhone 6s line of phones also utilizes the phone's 3D touch capabilities.

History
Maschine was first released on April 1, 2009, in a package that contained the original iteration of the hardware controller and Maschine software 1.0.

On October 1, 2011, Native Instruments released Maschine Mikro, a budget oriented version of the hardware controller, but with the updated Maschine 1.7 software. That same year iMaschine was also released, an iOS app which brought key features of both the software and hardware components to the mobile platform.

A year later, on October 1, 2012, updated iterations of the controllers, Maschine Mk2 and Maschine Mikro Mk2, were both released alongside Maschine 1.8 software. The software came bundled with a copy of Native Instruments' Massive, a synthesizer plugin.

On November 1, 2013, Native Instruments released Maschine Studio, a premium version of the hardware controller, bundled with Maschine 2.0 software.

On November 12, 2015, iMaschine 2 was released for iOS, designed as the successor to the original app.

Maschine Jam was released on September 29, 2016, bringing grid based sequencing to the Maschine workflow much like the Ableton Push controller.

Maschine MK3 was announced on September 7, 2017, and was released on October 5, 2017.  The updated Maschine includes two colour screens, a built-in audio interface, and larger drum pads than its predecessor.

Expansions
A selling point of Native Instruments' Maschine is the release of official expansions for the software's digital library on an ongoing basis. Expansions are generally geared toward a specific genre of music, often containing several different virtual drum kits and instruments. The latest expansions also include presets for the Massive and Monark synthesizers, both of which are created and distributed by Native Instruments. As well, many of the expansions have been released for the iMaschine and iMaschine 2 iOS apps, albeit streamlined for use on the mobile platform.

References

Digital audio workstation software
Music production software
Music workstations
Native Instruments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Potential Mutations in Chinese Pathologic Myopic Patients and Contributions to Phenotype
Author(s): L. Chen, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China	Y. Wei, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China	W. Chi, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China	D. Fang, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China	X. Jiang, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China	S. Zhang*. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Journal Name: Current Molecular Medicine
Translate in Chinese
Purpose: Pathologic myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in East Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mutations in Chinese pathologic myopic patients and to analyze the correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype.
Methods: One hundred and three patients with pathologic myopia and one hundred and nine unrelated healthy controls were recruited from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Detailed clinical data, including ultra-widefield retinal images, measurements of bestcorrected visual acuity, axial length, refractive error and ophthalmic examination results, were obtained. Blood samples were collected for high-throughput DNA targeted sequencing. Based on the screening results, phenotype-genotype correlations were analyzed.
Results: The study included 196 eyes of 103 patients (36 men and 67 women) with an average age of 52.19 (38.92 – 65.46) years, an average refractive error of -11.80 D (- 16.38 – -7.22) and a mean axial length of 28.26 mm (25.79 – 30.73). The patients were subdivided into three groups: myopic chorioretinal atrophy (190 eyes of 101 patients), myopic choroidal neovascularization (17 eyes of 15 patients), and myopic traction retinopathy (71 eyes of 61 patients). Systematic analysis of variants in the 255 genes revealed six potential pathogenic mutations: PEX7, OCA2, LRP5 (rs545382, c.1647T>C), TSPAN12 (rs41623, c.765G>T), RDH5 (rs3138142, c.423C>T) and TTC21B (rs80225158, c.2385G>C). OCA2 mutations were primarily observed in patients with myopic traction maculopathy.
Conclusion: Genetic alterations contribute to various clinical characteristics in Chinese pathologic myopic patients. The study may provide new insights into the etiology of pathologic myopia and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Keywords: Pathologic myopia, genetics, targeted sequencing, genotype, phenotype, correlation analysis.
Title:Potential Mutations in Chinese Pathologic Myopic Patients and Contributions to Phenotype
Author(s):L. Chen, Y. Wei, W. Chi, D. Fang, X. Jiang and S. Zhang*
Affiliation:State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
Keywords:Pathologic myopia, genetics, targeted sequencing, genotype, phenotype, correlation analysis.
Abstract:Purpose: Pathologic myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in East Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mutations in Chinese pathologic myopic patients and to analyze the correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype.
L. Chen, Y. Wei, W. Chi, D. Fang, X. Jiang and S. Zhang*, "Potential Mutations in Chinese Pathologic Myopic Patients and Contributions to Phenotype", Current Molecular Medicine (2018) 18: 689. https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524019666190211120016


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Posted inIndia, South Asia
India refuses to spend money on women's safety
Cities and states failing to use funds they have been given to protect women and children despite a jump in rapes and assaults
by Shreya Sehgal August 21, 2019 February 18, 2020
A demonstrator holds a placard during a protest calling for justice for the rape and murder case of an eight-year-old girl in India. Photo: Tauseef Mustafa / AFP
India, over the years, has gained a reputation for being the most dangerous country for women in the world. But as crimes against women rise, the federal government is barely spending budgeted funds, according to official data.
In 2012 a brutal gang-rape of a student in a moving bus in Delhi led to enormous public outrage. The following year, the government set up a fund to try to make life more safe for women across the country. It was called the Nirbhaya ('without fear') Fund, as criminal laws prevent the naming of rape victims, and is a non-lapsable corpus body, which means it does not have to return unspent cash to the government at the end of a fiscal year. Cash in the fund should be used to support schemes to boost women's safety.
But a breakdown of the Nirbhaya Fund's spending over the last five years reveals a strange lack of usage of money released for schemes by the states and union territories. It also shows that only 42% of funds have been released for projects since 2015.
Set up with an initial grant of 10 billion rupees in 2013, disbursement of money only gathered pace over the past four years. The Nirbhaya Fund swelled up to 36 billion rupees in 2018 through allocation in finance budgets.
At least 26 projects were approved and funded through this – 11 proposals from the Home Ministry, eight from the Women and Child Development Ministry, three from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, two from Ministry of Railways, and one from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and IIT Delhi, and one from the Department of Justice.
However, the process is extremely bureaucratic. Proposals received from states or national ministries for cash via the Nirbhaya Fund have to undergo scrutiny from various concerned ministries and departments, states and territories prior to consideration.
They are then assessed by the Empowered Committee, an inter-ministerial committee set up with the secretary of the Women and Child Development as chairperson. WCD is also the nodal ministry.
After that, a proposal still requires an approval of 'competent authority'. From time to time, the executive committee appraises, recommends and reviews projects proposed by different departments.
Recently, a parliamentary reply about the Nirbhaya Fund tabled in the Lok Sabha (the lower house in Delhi) revealed that the incumbent BJP government had set aside 56.7 billion rupees (nearly US$800,000) for 30 projects – but only spent 24% (13.77 billion rupees) of that on schemes for women's safety over the past five years.
Indeed, the data reveals that many projects received zero funds despite getting approvals, with spending by Delhi and the States for 11 important projects also zero.
Child-sex cases delayed
While the government announced plans to set up 1,023 Fast-Track Special Courts, it did not release any funds at all for the project. This was despite funding of 7.67 billion rupees being approved from the Nirbhaya Fund empowered committee in 2018.
The Fast-Track Special Courts are responsible for handling cases pending trial under the Rape and Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act.
The Delhi High Court had directed the state government to establish fast-track courts after the infamous 'Nirbhaya rape case'. But only 664 fast-track courts are currently operational around the country and according to the National Crime Records Bureau as many as 90,205 cases are still awaiting trial.
Recently, the Supreme Court also expressed shock over the high number of cases involving sexual crimes and children.
According to the Press Trust of India, more than 24,000 First Information Reports were filed across the country in the first six months of this year alone. But only a quarter – 6,449 cases – have gone to court. And to date, rulings have only been made on 911 cases – about 4% of all cases registered.
The Organized Crime Investigative Agency, the agency that exclusively probes human trafficking cases, was also not given any funds to help its work. Some 832 million rupees was sought for its work in 2015. Three years later, approval was given for 'sub-projects' under a Cybercrime Prevention against Women & Children proposal worth 289 million rupees, but these funds have still not be released.
According to data made available by WCD Union Minister Smriti Irani, the eastern state of Odisha has used less than 10% of the budget allocated to it under the Nirbhaya Fund over the last five years. The state has waited for two years to receive 1.1 billion rupees for police to implement a 'Safe City Project'. Odisha has reported 12,996 rape cases over the last six years, including 2,502 cases in 2018. In the first five months of this year, there were 937 more rape cases recorded.
Recent reports also show that cases of rape and molestation against women jumped on Indian Railways in 2018.
Despite this, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways spent zero funds for the Provision of a Video Surveillance System at Konkan Railways, which connects Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka states.
The Abhaya Project was proposed by the Andhra Pradesh government to ensure safety for women and children during transport. A proposal seeking 1.38 billion rupees was submitted in 2016, but less than half of that amount was released (586 million rupees) – and absolutely no funds were outlaid on the project.
Gross underutilization of funds
There were other examples showing that funds released for many projects to ensure women's safety were grossly underutilized.
The Integrated Emergency Response Management System under the Ministry of Railways was a project that sought to provide around-the-clock security to women at railway stations, by strengthening security control rooms, deploying more Railway Police and installing CCTV cameras. Railways officials sought 5 billion rupees. Only 3 billion rupees was released, but a paltry 500 million rupees has been used so far.
A major share of the Nirbhaya Fund – more than 28 billion rupees was approved for 'Safe City Proposals' for eight cities – Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad and Lucknow. However, less than a quarter – 7 billion rupees – was approved and spent.
Delhi is a hotbed of sex crime, yet the record of city officials in addressing this problem is dismal. As many as 13,803 crimes against women were reported in the national capital – 38 every day – in 2016. Delhi topped a list of 19 cities with populations more than two million that year, as IndiaSpend reported.
It also witnessed the gruesome 'Nirbhaya rape case'. But, city officials have used less than 1% of the Nirbhaya Funds allocated to it.
The Delhi High Court pointed out on July 31 that 30 billion rupees was lying unused in the Nirbhaya Fund and that it must be mobilized to "prevent crime, rather than waiting to compensate the victims of sexual assault." It also directed the Delhi Police and Aam Aadmi Party government to prepare an action plan to make the city "crime free for women."
In an attempt to curb rising incidents of violence against women, the Delhi government recently announced free rides for women in public buses from October 23, 2019. Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal also inaugurated the installation of 300,000 CCTV cameras and approved a proposal on free rides for women in Delhi Metro two months ago.
The high crime rate in Delhi was followed by Assam, Odisha, Telangana and Rajasthan. West Bengal, which also had a high crime rate used less than 1% of the money it had been allocated.
Emergency response? Delhi spent nothing
Funds for an Emergency Response Support System (ERSS), a pan-India single number for all emergencies, were not released in the three years from 2014 to 2016. Subsequently, 2.93 billion rupees were released over the past three years for the Home Ministry proposal. But Delhi, given 24 million rupees, spent nothing.
Meanwhile, an 835-million-rupee project to boost women's safety on public transport by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, but only 402 million rupees was released and just 311 million rupees was spent.
Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, reported the most crimes against women in 2016 – 49,262. That is roughly six every hour. The infamous Unnao rape case, in which ruling BJP's MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar was accused of raping an underage girl, gives an insight into the state of women's safety in Uttar Pradesh.
The One Stop Centre Scheme, aimed at providing integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence, also remains underutilized. Some 2.8 billion rupees was released but just under 500 million rupees were spent. Apart from West Bengal, Delhi was another state which did not use any cash from the Nirbhaya Fund to set up One-Stop Centers.
Swati Maliwal, head of the Delhi Commission for Women (DCW), told NDTV that lack of coordination between city officials and the WCD ministry had delayed these centers being set up. Currently, there are 170 One-Stop Centers across the country, but none in Bengal and the capital.
However, despite a poor record among the states for using money given to them, the national government has continued to provide funds for such schemes.
A state like Bihar, which reported 13,400 crimes against women, did not use even a single rupee out of 52 million rupees for One-Stop Centers between 2015 and 2019. But Bihar was still given a further 39 million rupees in 2019. Similarly, Uttar Pradesh didn't use anything from 19 million rupees given for the Women's Helpline Scheme, yet it was granted 4.65 million rupees again in 2019, according to The Hindu.
These statistics paint a dismal picture for women safety and security across the country, suggesting deeper issues such as ignorance and a lack of care about these issues by male officials.
The Nirbhaya Fund, which was supposed to protect women, has not been able to play as crucial a role as required to safeguard women's rights.
Tagged: BJP, crimes against women, news, Women safety


text:
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THE LIBRARY INVITES DEEP FOCUS FILM STUDIES EDITOR TO GIVE TALK ON ITALIAN NEOREALISM
The Library in Leeds played host to an evening of Italian Neorealism recently as DeepFocusFilmStudies.com was invited to give an introductory lecture on the genre.
For those unable to attend, there is a 51 second introductory video and a 20 minute audio recording of the lecture below.
Always keen to encourage Italian-themed pursuits, villa specialists Tuscany Now organised the event and requested our collaboration in choosing a film which we would then discuss in front of an audience. Since very few people in attendance would be familiar with the genre, we decided upon Vittorio De Sica's 1948 masterpiece Bicycle Thieves as its ideal example, which was then screened for free.
The story of a father trying to make ends meet in poverty-stricken post-war Italy, Bicycle Thieves has remained a firm favourite of critics, regularly making it into lists of the greatest films ever made.
Dedicated to providing an art form which connects an audience to the most real of human experiences, Neorealism is one of the most admired cinematic genres to have been developed in mid-twentieth century Europe. Blending art-house and popular cinema, Neorealism became noted for its use of unknown actors, unresolved endings and use of genuine impoverished locations in place of lavish, glamorous Hollywood-style sets.
In our introduction to the genre we explained it in its historical context, cited some of the more prominent examples, and discussed its most fundamental characteristics so that the audience could get the maximum benefit from the viewing of the movie. Describing the experience as similar to something out of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, popular lifestyle blogger Lorna Dee Evans appreciated the value the introductory talk before the screening added to the viewing.
'The talk from Bryn was focused on what makes Italian Neorealism such an iconic genre – he pointed out the various tell-tale signs… which we would pick up throughout the film, and this was something I was grateful for'.
Speaking for The State of the Arts website, Hope Vanda Churm applauded the event.
'Tuscany Now gave us a delightful evening, showcasing the best of Italian Neorealist cinema and educating the people of Leeds about the relevance of the movement in relation to the history of European cinema as a whole'
Organiser James Story said he was 'delighted with the outcome and overall response to the event' and admitted that he would find such a collaboration with DFFS again in the future not only beneficial, 'but also very enjoyable'.
Find out more on this story, including what Bryn thought of the event, by reading the Tuscany Now blog. The Neorealism essay the lecture was based on is available elsewhere on the DFFS site.
DeepFocusFilmStudies.com's Editor Bryn V. Young-Roberts talks at the event
A great crowd-pleaser, the event garnered plenty of coverage from some local publications and bloggers. Check out what some of them had to say about the experience:
Life by LDE - Lifestyle blogger
The State of the Arts - Leeds arts publication
Leeds City Magazine - Events in Leeds
Leeds Inspired - Events in Leeds
Read the full introductory lecture on Italian Neorealism
read full lecture
The full lecture can be listened to on the Tuscany Now Podcast:
Images from the evening can be viewed in our gallery below:
What is Neorealism?
Examining Vittorio De Sica's Bicycle Thieves (1948) as an introduction to the genre of Italian Neorealism
From Factual to Fantastic
Issues of using non-fictional elements within fictional contexts in popular film
Central Station (1998)
Intelligent, deep yet accessible, it gets just about everything right. Stunning cinematography, engaging characters and a story that brings Brazil to life
www.DeepFocusFilmStudies.com


text:
Q: In C#, retrieving text data that has been stored in a form object's tag I've used basic of various sorts for years. One trick that I have frequently employed with Visual Basic is the following: when I wanted to associate invisible text with a form control object -- a button, label, and (particularly) a picturebox -- I have stored useful text in the object's tag. (This is particularly utilitarian with picturboxes since they don't carry a text attribute.)
In any case, you can do the following in Visual Basic with no difficulty:
textbox1.tag = "ID of whatever sort"

Later you can retrieve the data by assigning the .tag content to a string variable, or revealing it in the .text property.
So:
textbox1.text = textbox1.tag

presents no difficulty and raises no error.
This can't be done in C#. At least not directly. Even though you can directly assign text to a tag, you can't retrieve it as text.
I believe this is because C# regards .Tag property's content as an object. However, presumably, so does Visual Basic, but it still allows the transfer without objection.
So my request: can any of you veteran C# masters show me precisely how I can get text assigned to a .Tag and into .Text?

A: Just cast it
textbox1.text = (string)textbox1.tag

Basically all types inherit from object, since string is a reference type when storing it as an object its just storing it as its most fundamental base type. For value types, this process is known as boxing. You can read about them both below
object (C# Reference)

The object type is an alias for Object in .NET. In the unified type
  system of C#, all types, predefined and user-defined, reference types
  and value types, inherit directly or indirectly from Object. You can
  assign values of any type to variables of type object. When a variable
  of a value type is converted to object, it is said to be boxed. When a
  variable of type object is converted to a value type, it is said to be
  unboxed. For more information, see Boxing and Unboxing.

Value Types (C# Reference)

The value types consist of two main categories:

*

*Structs

*Enumerations
Structs fall into these categories:

*

*Numeric types

*

*Integral types

*Floating-point types

*bool

*User defined structs.

Reference types (C# Reference)

There are two kinds of types in C#: reference types and value types.
  Variables of reference types store references to their data (objects),
  while variables of value types directly contain their data. With
  reference types, two variables can reference the same object;
  therefore, operations on one variable can affect the object referenced
  by the other variable. With value types, each variable has its own
  copy of the data, and it is not possible for operations on one
  variable to affect the other (except in the case of in, ref and out
  parameter variables; see in, ref and out parameter modifier)

Boxing and Unboxing (C# Programming Guide)

Boxing is the process of converting a value type to the type object or
  to any interface type implemented by this value type. When the CLR
  boxes a value type, it wraps the value inside a System.Object and
  stores it on the managed heap. Unboxing extracts the value type from
  the object. Boxing is implicit; unboxing is explicit. The concept of
  boxing and unboxing underlies the C# unified view of the type system
  in which a value of any type can be treated as an object.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ok people, it's really last-minute now, seriously its Christmas Eve ! But there is still a "wee" bit of time for your last second gift ideas, I mean very last-minute. If you have been following my 12 days of Christmas, there is one more trick up my leave for you last a second gift, and considering this is the last installment of christmas guide 2011, there is no better way to "WRAP UP" this holiday season than with a Gift Card.
Wether you ran out of time, or you waited to the last-minute, or in my personal case forgot a special someone, "who will remain nameless" then the gift card is the perfect gift for you. But don't get me wrong, many of those die-hard christmas shoppers believe that gift cards is overly impersonal, well I beg to differ. There are many of gift cards out there that can suit any specific person's liking and will leave them with christmas cheer none the less.
So if you have been following my 12 days of christmas, one major thing that all the stores featured on the SeanInTheCity Guide is that they all have exclusive gift cards. If you didn't get a chance to step into one of these stores you may do so now, to grab a card and allow the recipient to shop for what they really wanted this year. "Which is a beauty of an excuse you give when giving it, I love me a good gift card i have to say" its alot more personal than just handing them cash, EK!
If taken into note in our generation, considering that black friday started thursday evening this year, the 26th of December is as equally a mad house filled shopping holiday. You might say its Gift Card Christmas Crazy. So here are my picks for the top cards that are on my list this year. And since its christmas eve I suggest you take a quick look and head out ASAP!
all cards are in your budget of course, well, if you choose them to be, HAPPY HOLIDAYS everyone!
Enjoyed all your 'Days' to Christmas.


text:
Disruption Day in Banking
When it comes to using money, most people around the world need just two things: a place to store it, and a means to spend it. Deferred consumption and investing is a third vector, of course, but limited to the portion of the global population that can afford to do so. Short of a barter system, however, everybody on the planet needs money storage and transfer, whether the currency in question is the dollar, euro, or yuan.
That is the unifying thought that binds a raft of announcements and news today, all related to how technology and money intersect. We haven't seen this much activity in the space in months, which tells us things are heating up at the intersection of traditional financial services and fintech.
#1. PayPal filed a patent application to accelerate crypto currency transactions and explicitly mentions bitcoin in the paperwork for the US Patent and Trademark Office. Bitcoin's blockchain cycles every 10 minutes, so it can take that long to officially confirm a transaction. PayPal's idea is to essentially operate a parallel system on top of bitcoin/other cryptos that can authenticate transactions in real time.
What's in it for PayPal? Crypto currencies are theoretically cheaper than existing payment systems. They haven't all lived up to that promise, however, due to system congestion (too many transactions, not enough bandwidth). Build a proprietary network on top of a crypto, however, and you could have cheaper transfers than the existing banking system and proprietary security to boot. In short, the best of both worlds.
The full patent application is here (very nerdy in spots…): http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20180060860.PGNR.&OS=dn/20180060860&RS=DN/20180060860
#2. Coinbase, a dominant player in the US crypto wallet space, hired the former head of Corporate and Business Development at LinkedIn. Emilie Choi did 40 deals in 8 years at her former employer, and said in a Bloomberg interview that she sees a similar level of activity coming at Coinbase. She was also there when the company sold itself to Microsoft, of course, so she knows how to sell as well as buy assets.
A Recode article cited Choi as saying her initial targets would be "acqhires" (buying companies to access senior talent). Past that, anything seems up for grabs. Coinbase did $1 billion in revenues last year, and given their fee-based business model one must assume they are profitable at that level.
Even if you don't own bitcoin this is big news. Coinbase is a real company in the crypto space (10 mm customers at last count), and very closely watched. Their new Biz Dev head is clearly plugged in. Any public company mentioned as working on a deal with them will see a pop in their stock price. And, unlike so many of the micro-cap scams of the last few months, the move higher will have actual fundamentals behind it.
The Recode article: https://www.recode.net/2018/3/5/17077414/emilie-choi-coinbase-linkedin-mergers-and-acquisitions
#3. Amazon doesn't want to be a bank, but… The Wall Street Journal reported today that Amazon has asked JP Morgan to build a "Checking account like" product for its customers as well as younger digitally savvy consumers and less affluent households that are currently under-banked. If that sounds like a tall order, it is. But is does check all the boxes: social awareness, a focus on millennials, and expanding share of wallet.
But what's Amazon's real goal here? Ideally, it would like consumers to store their money with them in anticipation of spending it later. That avoids the need to pay credit card fees and helps profitability. Amazon's North American ecommerce sales last year were $106 billion; every 10 basis points of transaction cost savings represents $106 million to the bottom line.
There are some analogs out there right now for "money storage" – PayPal/Venmo and Starbucks prepaid balances are examples – but these do not offer FDIC balance insurance. That limits their appeal as a viable option for many consumers. By teaming up with a bank, Amazon is clearly thinking bigger than just a few dollars in a transactional account. Will Amazon one day take your entire paycheck in a direct deposit? Never say never.
Not to curse this effort, or Amazon itself, but recall that the Discover Card started life as an offshoot of Sears back in 1985. Its hook was that it charged no merchant or customer membership fees. Still, other merchants were reluctant to accept the card for fear of funding a competitor.
The more things change… as the saying goes.
More details: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/05/amazons-talks-with-jp-morgan-may-build-on-services-to-the-unbanked.html


Capitol Fax.com - Your Illinois News Radar » Todd Ricketts is on Erika Harold's fly-around?
Todd Ricketts is on Erika Harold's fly-around?
That'll start the tongues a-wagging. You'll recall all the speculation about a possible Todd Ricketts 2022 gubernatorial bid last month.
…Adding… The question mark in the headline doesn't mean he might not be on the fly-around. He is on the fly-around.
Does Rodney Davis only make public appearances where there is sure to be less than a handful of constituents?
There's hardly any people in these pictures who don't look like staffers or elected officials themselves.
We need to break the rich guy cycle. There has been one R, and now likely one D. Try an experienced politician next time, please. Perhaps an R can spend the next 4 years trying to get stuff done and develop a bipartisan track record he can run on.
"And no governor Rauner" THAT's the lead right there.
Why now show up for a fly around? Where was Todd in the race earlier? Too busy with baseball?
We already have one Ricketts brother running Nebraska and another one running Wrigleyville. I think that's enough for one family.
Not to mention if Davis is in Granite City he's outside his district chasing spotlights the day before the election.
Bruce, this is what it means to be irrelevant.
And that's two Ricketts too many.
Stocking a supply of popcorn…and liquor…lots of liquor.
You can just FEEL the lack of energy in those pics. Inspiring!
How awkward is it between Patton & Kay? Remember Patton isn't running as a Republican because he signed Katie Stuart's petitions.
As more and more billionaires keep running for office I really think we need a LAW that states you cannot be on the ballot unless you release your complete tax returns for x amount of years.
I am getting more and more worried about who these people are beholden to and why they are wanting this power when they already have unimaginable money and power.
You trying to get on the Ricketts gravy train to take on JB…already?
I'm 1,000 times more likely to be callled by Pritzker… and that will never, EVER happen… so it's just a silly joke.
Ugh. I'll wager that Dirksen Londrigan is IN the district, hard at work with GOTV.
Good grief. The proletariat will need all four years to construct the barricades needed for that onslaught.
isn't Todd one of the names on the George Carlin list of don't name your son this name?
Because that plan worked so well for the other side.
Oh, I never said I expected to hear from them.
I'm saying I guarantee I won't be hearing from them.
I'll just observe from a distance.
Please, no more billionaires as Gubernatorial candidates. Can we just have someone with real experience for once?
I can see why Ricketts would do that.
Is it a good look for Harold to latch on to yet another uber rich patron? I think I'm voting D.
Boy, hoping for her tomorrow. Rauner is toast, and we need a check on the GA. Liked Lisa for most things, but she had no interest in ensuring good government in Illinois whenever it conflicted with MJM's interests. Understandable, but not good.


text:
@echo off
python process_init.py
python process_global_variables.py
python process_presentations.py
@del *.pyc
echo.
echo ______________________________
echo.
echo Script processing has ended.
echo Press any key to exit. . .
pause>nul

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After months of anticipation, the day has finally come. Today is opening day for Lesley Bernard's Permanent Brunch and the menu is looking good. In addition to the city's first artisanal bacon menu, featuring rashers from across the country, the menu highlights a sophisticated take on Southern brunch classics and extends brunch well into dinner time.
An immediate standout is the Pan-Roasted Chicken & Waffle, a coq au vin-blanc braised chicken leg and w ild rice and bacon waffle served with wild mushrooms. However, the egg comes before the chicken (or is it the other way around?) and the Baked Eggs with braised short rib ragu and duck fat fingerlings sound amazing.
Other eye catching, palate tempting items include the Butter Poached Shrimp and Grits starter with sweet corn, chanterelles and tomato, the vegetarian friendly Red Wine-braised Wild Mushrooms with Salvatore ricotta, toasted ciabatta and poached egg, and the refreshing White Peach and Melon Soup with chile spiked ricotta.
Not to be confused with Odessa's Neverending Brunch, Permanent Brunch does actually close its doors. The irony is that it's not open for brunch hours during the week, opening instead at 5:30PM for dinner. At least it's open until 3AM Thursday through Saturday, so you can get your late night brunch fix before hitting the hay. Afterall, you do have to be up a few hours later for brunch.
Not yet, but you'll see a post go up once we do.
So have you been yet? What's the verdict?


鼎源(上海)金属制品有限公司,属外资企业,总部在美国。企业?#28304;?#24314;以来,通过15年的稳步增长,现已成为加工生产金属及其它材质的厨房用品及相关配套产品,销售公司自产产品为一体的公司。公司在市中心有免费班车接送。 Company headquartered in NJ, America, is a leading manufacturer and worldwide importer of kitchenware and tableware. From cookware to flatware, we are dedicated to providing professional chefs and restaurateurs with quality products supported by superb services. With our state-of-the-art distribution center across the North America, company has been one of the fastest growing companies in our industry.


text:
Agnes Baliques (1641–1700) foi a fundadora das Apostolinas nos Países Baixos Espanhóis.

Biografia
Nascida na Antuérpia em 1641 numa família de ascendência espanhola, Baliques fundou em 1680 as Filhas de Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição, comummente conhecidas como Apostolinas. A congregação rapidamente teve casas em Antuérpia, Bruxelas, Mechelen e Oudenaarde, onde forneciam educação para meninas pobres e ex-prostitutas, com foco particular em costura e outros trabalhos têxteis.

Tradicionalmente acreditava-se que as irmãs tinham dado o seu nome ao bairro da classe trabalhadora dos "Marolles" em Bruxelas. Na realidade, isto deve-se ao facto de a congregação ter sido confundida com uma organização semelhante chamada a Congregação das Irmãs Maricolen, popularmente chamada "Marolles" ou "Marullen".O seu apelido.

A Madre Agnes morreu na casa da sua congregação em Mechelen a 15 de outubro de 1700.

Escritos
 Den Godvruchtigen Regel van de geestelycke dochters der vergaederinghe van de onbevleckte ontfangenisse van de HM ende Moeder Godts Maria, genoemt Apostelinnen, a regra da congregação revisada por Thomas Philip, Cardeal Arcebispo de Mechelen (2 vols., Mechelen, 1736).

Fundadores de ordens religiosas


text:
Lithosphere Dynamics
HelTec - Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling
Simulating geodynamic processes is a challenging task because of the non-linearity and scale dependence of most associated processes. A great challenge is the multispectral character of lithosphere deformation ranging from earthquake rupture (seconds) to fault zone evolution (Millions of years).
Recent advances in experimental techniques like high resolution monitoring and complex analogue rheologies made it possible to develop models simulating deformation on all relevant timescales with high spatial resolution. We follow an integrated modelling approach involving structural-kinematic modelling, analogue experiments and numerical simulations.
We are a member of the European Plate Observing System EPOS, the European Training Networks TOPOMOD and SUBITOP, the Helmholtz Graduate School GEOSIM and the Geo.X Young Academy, the DFG-Collaborative Research Center SFB1114 "Scaling Cascades in Complex Systems" as well as the DFG Cluster of Excellence MATH+ .
In the year 2014 we hosted the GEOMOD conference at GFZ Potsdam and edited the corresponding Tectonophysics special issue.
Please find an introductory text to our lab here.
Our lab facility consists of four basic components:
1)	The Analogue rock physics lab featuring all kind of experimental devices for measuring rock analogue materials' properties including friction, elasticity, viscosity etc.
2)	The Analogue modelling lab featuring a suite of customizable deformation devices for simulating (seismo)tectonic and other geological processes
3)	The Experimental monitoring lab providing the means of quantifying deformation in analogue models and experiments using cutting-edge high-resolution digital image correlation methods, force and pressure sensors, piezo and MEMS accelerometers etc.
4)	The Computational analysis lab allowing to cross-validate and analyse analogue models and natural prototypes applying state-of-the-art numerical simulation & inversion, statistical data analysis, as well as structural restoration and balancing.
Rotational axial/triaxial tester (Zwickiline 2.5 kN - 10 Nm)
Rock analogue materials
Rheometer (Anton Paar MCR)
SEM imaging
Ring-shear tester (Schulze RST-01)
Rheometer/Viscosimeter
Ring-shear tester
Rotational axial/triaxial tester
Sandbox rheometry
Thermomechanical model
Impact relaxation
Vice setup
Sandwedge
Sandbox standards
Vice setup (pure shear, biaxial)
Gravitational flow
High resolution to high speed digital imaging
Digital image correlation (DIC/PIV)
Lab projects
HelTec Projects
Active projects:
Seismogenic fault networks (DFG SFB1114 B01 Dr. M. Rudolf)
Subduction zone seismotectonics (H2020 SUBITOP ESR11 MSC E. Kosari)
Suspension flows (DFG MATH+ Dr. M.H. Farshbaf Shaker)
Machine learning based analog earthquake prediction (DAAD PRIME, Dr. Fabio Corbi/IT)
Subduction zone megathrust earthquakes (Geo.X Young Academy, Esther Heckenbach)
EPOS - European Plate Observing System Thematic Core Service Multi-scale Laboratories
Past projects, theses & fellowships:
Intrusion in compression (Dr. Antonella Galetto, Salta/ARG, 2019)
EPOS-IP TCS MSL (EPOS-IP H2020, Dr. M. Warsitzka, 2019)
Salt tectonics: progressive vs. instant tilting (EPOS TNA, Dr. Z. Ge, U Bergen/NOR, 2019)
Fold deflection (PHD Secondment M. Maleco, U Soran/IRQ, 2019)
Fault networks under pure shear (H2020 SUBITOP, Y. Creton, 2019)
Extension with inheritence (Erasmus/DEEP, E.E. Osagiede, U Bergen/NOR, 2019)
Strike-slip earthquakes (PHD M. Rudolf, FU Berlin, 2019)
Salt tectonics: Translational domain destruction (E.ON Stipendienfond, Dr. Z. Ge, U Bergen/NOR, 2018)
Trench-trench-transforms (DAAD, Prof. A. Nicol, U Canterbury/NZ, 2018)
Syntectonic intrusion (PHD Secondment M. Michail, U Ferrara/IT 2017)
Salt tectonics (PHD Secondment M. Warsitzka, U Jena, 2017)
Strike-slip faulting (PHD M. Ritter, FU Berlin, 2017)
Impact crater relaxation (MSC S. Teuber, U Hamburg, 2016)
Megathrust seismic cycle (PHD S. Li, FU Berlin, 2016)
Fracking (MSC R. Gentzmann, FU Berlin, 2016)
Rate-state friction model vs. experiment (PHD Secondment Z. Amirzada, U Utrecht/NL 2016)
Kinematic complexity in sandbox experiments (PHD T. Santimano, FU Berlin, 2015)
Gravitational mass movements (PHD O. Haug, FU Berlin, 2015)
Seismological monitoring of landslides (MSC Z. Amirzada, FU Berlin, 2015)
Numerics of rate-state friction (PHD E. Pipping, FU Berlin, 2015)
Subduction erosion (PHD F. Albert, FU Berlin, 2014)
Bivergent wedges (BSC S. Teuber, U Hamburg, 2014)
Thermomechanical model of subduction orogeny (Humboldt Fellowship D. Boutelier 2013)
Material properties benchmark (PHD Secondment M. Klinkmüller, U Bern/CH, 2011)
Material properties impact on wedging (BSC F. Hofmann, LMU Munich, 2010)
Indenter tectonis (Diploma K. Reiter, U Freiberg, 2010)
Salt tectonics (Diploma M. Warsitzka, U Jena, 2010)
Fault propagation (Diploma A. Clauß, U Jena, 2010)
Seismic imaging (PHD M. Buddensiek, FU Berlin, 2009)
Analog vs. numerical megathrust earthquakes (Diploma R. Nerlich, FU Berlin, 2009)
Submarine landslides (Diploma A. Reiprich, FU Berlin, 2009)
Magma emplacement in the crust (PHD S. Burchardt, U Göttingen, 2009)
Overprinting of impact structures (Diploma F. Kiebach, HU Berlin, 2009)
Elongated calderas (Diploma K. Müller, U Jena, 2008)
Rifting (PHD T. Lohr, FU Berlin, 2008)
Plateau formation (PHD K. Schemmann, FU Berlin, 2008)
Syntectonic sedimentation (Diploma M. Soyka, FU Berlin, 2007)
Oblique convergence (PHD A. Kellner, U Potsdam, 2007)
Subduction accretion vs. erosion II (Diploma A. Rechlin, U Hamburg, 2006)
Retrowedge kinematics (Diploma U. Schönrock, U Potsdam, 2006)
Continental collision zones (PHD S. Hoth, FU Berlin, 2006)
Makran accretionary wedge (PHD K. Huhn, FU Berlin, 2002)
Subduction accretion vs. erosion (PHD J. Lohrmann, FU Berlin, 2002)
Lab data & software
HelTec Data & Software
Rudolf, M., & M. Warsitzka (2019): RST Evaluation - Scripts for analysing shear experiments from the Schulze RST.pc01 ring shear tester. https://gitext.gfz-potsdam.de/analab-code/rst-evaluation/
Rudolf, M. (2019). Stick-slip learning - Suite of scripts to analyze annular shear experiments with a machine learning approach. https://gitext.gfz-potsdam.de/analab-code/shear-madness/
Rock analogue material properties
Román-Berdiel et al. (2019): Ring shear test data of quartz sand and colored quartz sand used for analogue modelling in the Laboratorio de modelización analógica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain (EPOS TNA call 2017). GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2019.025
Warsitzka, et al. (2019): Ring-shear test data of quartz sand used for analogue experiments in the laboratory of the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2019.008
Warsitzka et al. (2019): Ring-shear test data of foam glass beads used for analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam and the Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2019.002
Rosenau et al. (2018): Ring-shear test data of quartz sand G23 used for analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2019.004
Deng, B. et al. (2018): Ring-shear test data of different quartz sands and glass beads used for analogue experiments in the experimental laboratory of the Chengdu University of Technology (EPOS Transnational Access Call 2017). V. 1. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2018.003
Zwaan et al. (2018): Ring-shear test data of quartz sand from the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH). GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.028
Zwaan et al. (2018): Rheology of PDMS-corundum sand mixtures from the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH). GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.023
Willingshofer et al. (2018): Ring shear test data of feldspar sand and quartz sand used in the Tectonic Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University for experimental Earth Science applications. V. 1. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.072
Willingshofer et al. (2018): Ring-shear test data of plastic sand, a new rock analogue material used for experimental Earth Science applications at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. V. 1. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.022
Ritter et al. (2016): Supplement to: Scaling the Sand Box - Mechanical (Dis-) Similarities of Granular Materials and Brittle Rock. GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.005
Rudolf et al. (2016): Supplement to: Rheological benchmark of silicone oils used for analog modeling of short- and long-term lithospheric deformation. GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.001
Klinkmüller et al. (2016): GeoMod2008 materials benchmark: The axial test dataset. GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.006
Klinkmüller et al. (2016): GeoMod2008 materials benchmark: The ring shear test dataset. GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.002
Klinkmüller et al. (2016): GeoMod2008 materials benchmark: The SEM image dataset. GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.004
Klinkmüller et al. (2016): GeoMod2008 materials benchmark: The sieve dataset. GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.003
Experiment and analog modelling data
Zwaan et al. (2020): Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing orthogonal and rotational extension at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH). GFZ Data Services. doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2020.001
Ge et al. (2019): Digital image correlation data from analogue modeling experiments addressing controls of tilting rate on thin-skinned deformation at salt-bearing continental margins. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2019.006
Ge et al. (2019): Digital image correlation data from analogue modeling experiments addressing mechanisms of overprinting translational domains in passive margin salt basins. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2019.001
Rosenau et al. (2019): Supplement to Synchronization of greatsubduction megathrust earthquakes: Insights from scale model analysis. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2019.005
Rudolf et al. (2019). Supplement to: Smart speed imaging in digital image correlation: application to seismotectonic scale modelling. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2018.002
Corbi et al. (2018): Supplementary material to "Machine Learning can predict the timing and size of analog earthquakes". GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.071
Ritter et al. (2017): Supplement to: Growing Faults in the Lab: Insights int the Scale Dependence of the Fault Zone Evolution Process. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2017.004
Ritter et al. (2017): Supplement to: Sandbox Rheometry: Co-Evolution of Stress and Strain in Riedel- and Critical Wedge-Experiments. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2017.001
Rosenau et al. (2016): Supplement to "Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: Experimental modelling across timescales". GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.008
Reiter et al. (2016): Supplementary material for analogue experiments on the interactions of two indenters, and their implications for curved fold-and-thrust-belts. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.1.2016.007
Albert, F. (2013): Supplement to: Identification of kinematic boundary conditions triggering removal of material in tectonically erosive margins : insight from scaled physical experiments. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ. http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.b103-13109.1
Lab publications
HelTec Publications
Style of deformation and tectono-sedimentary evolution of fold-and-thrust belts and foreland basins: from nature to models, Tectonophysics, Vol. 767 (2019)
GeoMod 2014 – Modelling in Geoscience, Tectonophysics, Vol. 684 (2016)
Tectonics of oblique plate boundary systems, Tectonophysics, Vol. 693 (2016)
Rosenau, M., Rudolf, and Oncken, O.: Creep on seismogenic faults: Insights from analogue earthquake experiments, EarthArXiv https://dx.doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/24u5h
Rudolf, M., Rosenau, M., & Oncken, O.: Interseismic deformation transients and precursory phenomena: Insights from stick-slip experiments with a granular fault zone, EarthArXiv, https://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6MWRX
Zwaan, F., Schreurs, G. and Rosenau, M. (2020): Rift propagation in rotational versus orthogonal extension: insights from 4D analogue models, Journal of Structural Geology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2019.103946
Ge, Z., Warsitzka, M., Rosenau, M., and Gawthorpe, R.L. (2019): Progressive tilting of salt-bearing continental margins controls thin-skinned deformation. Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/G46485.1 (open access article)
Ge, Z., Rosenau, M., Warsitzka, M., and Gawthorpe, R. L. (2019): Overprinting translational domains in passive margin salt basins: Insights from analogue modelling, Solid Earth, 10, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1283-2019 (open access article)
Lacombe, O., Mazzoli, S., von Hagke, C., Rosenau, M., et al. (2019): Style of deformation and tectono-sedimentary evolution of fold-and-thrust belts and foreland basins: From nature to models, Tectonophysics, 767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228163.
Rosenau, M., Horenko, I., Corbi, F., Rudolf, M., Kornhuber, R., & Oncken, O. (2019): Synchronization of great subduction megathrust earthquakes: Insights from scale model analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016597 >copy@GFZPublic
Rudolf, M., Rosenau, M. , Ziegenhagen T., et al. (2019): Smart speed imaging in Digital Image Correlation: Application to seismotectonic scale modelling, Front. Earth Sci., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00248 (open access article)
Corbi, F., et al. (2019): Machine Learning can predict the timing and size of analog earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081251 >copy@GFZPublic
Li. S., et al. (2018): Spatiotemporal variation of mantle viscosity and the presence of cratonic mantle inferred from eight years of postseismic deformation following the 2010 Maule Chile earthquake, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. , https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007645 >copy@GFZpublic
Albert, F., N. Kukowski, A. Tassara, and O. Oncken (2018): Material transfer and subduction channel segmentation at erosive continental margins: Insights from scaled analogue experiments, Tectonophysics, 749, 46-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.10.019
Ritter, M.C., M. Rosenau, O. Oncken (2018): Growing Faults in the Lab: Insights into the Scale Dependence of the Fault Zone Evolution Process, Tectonics, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004787 >copy@GFZpublic
Ritter, M.C., T. Santimano, M. Rosenau, K. Leever, O. Oncken (2018): Sandbox rheometry: Co-evolution of stress and strain in Riedel– and Critical Wedge–experiments, Tectonophysics, Volume 722, 2 January 2018, Pages 400-409, ISSN 0040-1951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.018
Corbi F., F. Funiciello, S. Brizzi, S. Lallemand, and M. Rosenau (2017), Control of asperities size and spacing on seismic behavior of subduction megathrusts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074182 >copy@GFZpublic
Rosenau, M., F. Corbi, S. Dominguez (2017): Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: Experimental modelling across timescales, Solid Earth, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-597-2017 (open access article)
Li, S., M. Moreno, J. Bedford, M. Rosenau et al. (2017): Postseismic uplift of the Andes following the 2010 Maule earthquake: Implications for mantle rheology, Geophys. Res. Lett., https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL07199 >copy@GFZpublic
*Aschauer, J., Kenkmann, T. (2017): Impact cratering on slopes, Icarus, Volume 290, Pages 89-95, ISSN 0019-1035, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.02.021
*de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., Richter, N., González, G., Walter, T.R., (2017): Geomorphology and structural development of the nested summit crater of Láscar Volcano studied with Terrestrial Laser Scanner data and analogue modelling, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 329, 1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.09.018
Rosenau, M., Leever, K., and Oncken, O. (2016): Experimental Tectonics: Convergent Plate Margins, Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09497-5
Ritter, M., K. Leever, M. Rosenau, and O. Oncken (2016): Scaling the Sand Box - Mechanical (Dis-) Similarities of Granular Materials and Brittle Rock, J. Geophys. Res - Solid Earth, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012915 >copy@GFZpublic
Haug, Ø.T., Rosenau, M., Leever, K. and Oncken, O. (2016): On the Energy Budgets of Fragmenting Rockfalls and Rockslides: Insights from Experiments, J. Geophys. Res. - Earth Surface, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003406 >copy@GFZpublic
Leever, K., and O. Oncken (2016), GeoMod 2014 – Modelling in geoscience, Tectonophysics, 684, 1-3, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.06.034
Díaz-Azpiroz, M., Brune, S., Leever, K., Fernández, C., Czeck, D. M. (2016): Tectonics of oblique plate boundary systems. Tectonophysics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.07.028
Schreurs, G. et al. (2016), Benchmarking analogue models of brittle thrust wedges, J. Struct. Geol., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.03.005
Klinkmüller, M., G. Schreurs, M. Rosenau, and H. Kemnitz (2016), Properties of granular analogue materials: A community wide survey, Tectonophysics, 666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.01.017 >preprint@GFZpublic
Pipping, E., R. Kornhuber, M. Rosenau, O. Oncken (2016), On the efficient and reliable numerical solution of rate-and-state friction problems, Geophys. J. Int., 204 (3), 1858-1866, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv512 >copy@GFZpublic
Rudolf, M., D. Boutelier, M. Rosenau, et al. (2016), Rheological benchmark of silicone oils used for analog modeling of short- and long-term lithospheric deformation, Tectonophysics, 666, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.11.028
*Zwaan, F., G. Schreurs, J. Naliboff, S.J.H. Buiter (2016): Insights into the effects of oblique extension on Continental rift interaction from 3D analogue and numerical models. Tectonophysics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.036
Santimano, T., M. Rosenau, and O. Oncken (2015), Intrinsic versus extrinsic variability of analogue sand-box experiments - Insights from statistical analysis of repeated accretionary sand wedge experiments, Journal of Structural Geology, 75, 80-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.008
Di Giuseppe, E., F. Corbi, F. Funiciello, A. Massmeyer, T. N. Santimano, M. Rosenau, and A. Davaille (2015), Characterization of Carbopol hydrogel rheology for experimental tectonics and geodynamics, Tectonophysics, 642, 29-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.12.005
Li, S., M. Moreno, J. Bedford, M. Rosenau, and O. Oncken (2015), Revisiting viscoelastic effects on interseismic deformation and locking degree: A case study of the Peru-North Chile subduction zone, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 120(6), 4522-4538, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011903 >copy@GFZpublic
Warsitzka, M., Kley, J., and N. Kukowski (2015), Analogue experiments of salt flow and pillow growth due to basement faulting and differential loading, Solid Earth, 6, 9-31, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-9-2015 (open access article)
Haug, Ø.T., Rosenau, M., Leever, K. and Oncken, O., 2014. Modelling Fragmentation in Rock Avalanches. In: Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment Volume 2: Methods of Landslide Studies, K. Sassa, P. Canuti, Y. Yin (eds.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_16
Boutelier, D., O. Oncken, and A. R. Cruden (2014), Trench-parallel shortening in the forearc caused by subduction along a seaward-concave plate boundary: Insights from analogue modelling experiments, Tectonophysics, 611, 192-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.028
Leever, K., O. Galland and V. Acocella (2014), The Science Behind Laboratory-Scale Models of the Earth, Eos Trans. AGU, 95(3), 30, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EO030008
Li, S., M. Moreno, M. Rosenau, D. Melnick, and O. Oncken (2014), Splay fault triggering by great subduction earthquakes inferred from finite element models, Geophysical Research Letters, 41(2), 385-391, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058598
*Le Corvec, N., T. R. Walter, J. Ruch, A. Bonforte, and G. Puglisi (2014), Experimental study of the interplay between magmatic rift intrusion and flank instability with application to the 2001 Mount Etna eruption, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 119(7), 5356-5368, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011224
*Kervyn, M., B. v. W. de Vries, T. R. Walter, M. S. Njome, C. E. Suh, and G. G. J. Ernst (2014), Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 119(10), 7542-7563, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011330
Bedford, J., M. Moreno, J.C. Baez, D. Lange, F. Tilmann, M. Rosenau et al. (2013), A high-resolution, time-variable afterslip model for the 2010 Maule Mw = 8.8, Chile megathrust earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 383, p. 26-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.020
Boutelier, D., and A. Cruden (2013), Slab rollback rate and trench curvature controlled by arc deformation, Geology, 41(8), 911-914, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34338.1
Krawczyk, C. M., M. L. Buddensiek, O. Oncken, and N. Kukowski (2013), Seismic imaging of sandbox experiments - laboratory hardware setup and first reflection seismic sections, Solid Earth, 4(1), 93-104, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-93-2013
Warsitzka, M., J. Kley, and N. Kukowski (2013), Salt diapirism driven by differential loading - Some insights from analogue modelling, Tectonophysics, 591, 83-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.11.018
*Holohan, E. P., T. R. Walter, M. P. J. Schoepfer, J. J. Walsh, B. v. W. de Vries, and V. R. Troll (2013), Origins of oblique-slip faulting during caldera subsidence, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 118(4), 1778-1794, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50057
Boutelier, D., O. Oncken, and A. C. T. Cruden (2012), Fore-arc deformation at the transition between collision and subduction: Insights from 3-D thermomechanical laboratory experiments, Tectonics, 31(2), https://doi.org/10.1029/2011TC003060
Moreno, M., D. Melnick, D., M. Rosenau et al. (2012), Toward understanding tectonic control on the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule Chile earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 321-322, p. 152-165. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.006
Schurr, B., G. Asch, M. Rosenau et al. (2012), The 2007 M7.7 Tocopilla northern Chile earthquake sequence: Implications for along-strike and downdip rupture segmentation and megathrust frictional behavior, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009030
*Baba, H. O., and S. Peth (2012), Large scale soil box test to investigate soil deformation and creep movement on slopes by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Soil & Tillage Research, 125, 38-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.021
Moreno, M., D. Melnick, M. Rosenau, et al. (2011), Heterogeneous plate locking in the South-Central Chile subduction zone: Building up the next great earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305, 3-4, p. 413-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.03.025
Boutelier, D., and O. Oncken (2011), 3-D thermo-mechanical laboratory modeling of plate-tectonics: modeling scheme, technique and first experiments, Solid Earth, 2(1), 35-51, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2-35-2011
Contardo, X. J., N. Kukowski, and J. M. Cembrano (2011), Material transfer and its influence on the formation of slope basins along the South Central Chilean convergent margin: Insights from scaled sandbox experiments, Tectonophysics, 513(1-4), 20-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.016
Reiter, K., N. Kukowski, and L. Ratschbacher (2011), The interaction of two indenters in analogue experiments and implications for curved fold-and-thrust belts, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 302(1-2), 132-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.002
Moreno, M., M. Rosenau, and O. Oncken (2010), 2010 Maule earthquake slip correlates with pre-seismic locking of Andean subduction zone. - Nature, 467, 7312, p. 198-202, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09349
Boutelier, D. A., and O. Oncken (2010), Role of the plate margin curvature in the plateau buildup: Consequences for the central Andes, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115, 17, B04402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006296
Rosenau, M., R. Nerlich, S. Brune, and O. Oncken (2010), Experimental insights into the scaling and variability of local tsunamis triggered by giant subduction megathrust earthquakes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(B9), https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007100
*Burchardt, S., and T. R. Walter (2010), Propagation, linkage, and interaction of caldera ring-faults: comparison between analogue experiments and caldera collapse at Miyakejima, Japan, in 2000, Bulletin of Volcanology, 72(3), 297-308, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-009-0321-7
Buddensiek, M. L., C. M. Krawczyk, N. Kukowski, and O. Oncken (2009), Performance of piezoelectric transducers in terms of amplitude and waveform, Geophysics, 74(2), https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3072619
Rosenau, M., and O. Oncken (2009), Fore-arc deformation controls frequency-size distribution of megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 114, 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006359
Rosenau, M., J. Lohrmann, and O. Oncken (2009), Shocks in a box: An analogue model of subduction earthquake cycles with application to seismotectonic forearc evolution, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 114, 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005665
*Le Corvec, N., and T. R. Walter (2009), Volcano spreading and fault interaction influenced by rift zone intrusions: Insights from analogue experiments analyzed with digital image correlation technique, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 183(3-4), 170-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.006
Cailleau, B., and O. Oncken (2008), Past forearc deformation in Nicaragua and coupling at the megathrust interface: Evidence for subduction retreat? Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001754
Hoth, S., N. Kukowski, and O. Oncken (2008), Distant effects in bivergent orogenic belts — How retro-wedge erosion triggers resource formation in pro-foreland basins, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 273(1-2), 28-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.033
Hoth, S., A. Hoffmann-Rothe, and N. Kukowski (2007), Frontal accretion: An internal clock for bivergent wedge deformation and surface uplift, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004357
Kenkmann, T., F. Kiebach, M. Rosenau, U. Raschke, A. Pigowske, K. Mittelhaus, and D. Eue (2007), Coupled effects of impact and orogeny: Is the marine Lockne crater, Sweden, pristine?, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 42(11), 1995-2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00556.x
Hoth, S., Kukowski, N. & Oncken, O. (2006), Influence of erosion on the kinematics of bivergent orogens: Results from scaled sandbox simulations – In: Willett, S.D., Hovius, N., Brandon, M.T., Fischer, D. (Eds.), Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape evolution: Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 398, Penrose Conference Series, 201-225, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(12)
Lohrmann, J., Kukowski, N., Krawczyk, C. M., Oncken, O., Sick, C., Sobiesiak, M., Rietbrock, A. (2006), Subduction channel evolution in britle fore-arc wedges -a combined study with scaled sandbox experiments, seismological and reflection seismic data and geological field evidence, In: The Andes – active subduction orogeny (eds: O.Oncken, G. Chong, G. Franz, P. Giese, H.J. Götze, V. Ramos, M. Strecker, P. Wigger), Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 237-262, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48684-8_11
Schreurs, G., Buiter, S., Boutelier, D., Corti, G., Costa, E., Cruden, A., Daniel, J.M., Hoth, S., Koyi, H., Kukowski, N., Lohrmann, J., Ravaglia, A., Schlische, R., Withjack, M., Yamada, Y., Cavozzi, C., DelVentisetti, C., Elder Brady, J., Hoffmann-Rother, A., Mengus, J.M., Montanari, D., Nilforoushan, F., (2006), Analogue benchmarks of shortening and extension experiments. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.01
*Panien, M., G. Schreurs, and A. Pfiffner (2006), Mechanical behaviour of granular materials used in analogue modelling: insights from grain characterisation, ring-shear tests and analogue experiments, Journal of Structural Geology, 28(9), 1710-1724, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.05.004
Adam, J., J.L. Urai, B. Wieneke, O. Oncken, K. Pfeiffer, N. Kukowski, J. Lohrmann, S. Hoth, W. van der Zee, J. Schmatz, (2005), Shear localisation and strain distribution during tectonic faulting - New insights from granular-flow experiments and high-resolution optical image correlation techniques, Journal of Structural Geology, 27(2), 183-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2004.08.008
Vietor, T., and O. Oncken (2005), Controls on the shape and kinematics of the Central Andean plateau flanks: Insights from numerical modeling, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236(3-4), 814-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.004
Hampel, A., J. Adam, and N. Kukowski (2004), Response of the tectonically erosive south Peruvian forearc to subduction of the Nazca Ridge: Analysis of three-dimensional analogue experiments, Tectonics, 23(5), 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003TC001585
Lohrmann, J., N. Kukowski, J. Adam, and O. Oncken (2003), The impact of analogue material properties on the geometry, kinematics, and dynamics of convergent sand wedges, Journal of Structural Geology, 25(10), 1691-1711, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(03)00005-1
*Guest publications (studies supported by access to or services by HelTec infrastructure)
Dr. Matthias Rosenau
Building E, Room 453


Scarletta needs a blog post For Monster's book birthday. It's time I talk on rhyming And the words I choose to say.
Monster needs to get his sleep. It's time to go to bed. But when I said it's sleepy time, he roared, "Let's play instead."
The problem with this is that there aren't many words that rhyme with Halloween to point my story in the direction I wanted to go. So I had to change the second line.
Monster needs a costume for his favorite time of year. "It's nearly Halloween," he roared. "The day is almost here!"
Monster then fell out of bed (a bit dramatically). "I need a drink, I'm very parched!" He said emphatically.
Let me tell you, I took a little heat with this stanza in my critique group because of my word choice. I heard comments like, "a child would never say the word parched." And I agreed, but a child would also never have a 9-foot blue monster sleeping in his bed! I also got hit with, "a child will not know what dramatically or emphatically means." And they were right again. But I say: if a child can say the word, then they can learn the definition. I'll say again, a picture book is the perfect time to increase vocabulary because the pictures give children the opportunity to figure it out for themselves. When I first read Monster Needs His Sleep (with the pictures) to my daughter, she stopped me and asked what emphatically means. I told her to look at the picture and tell me what she thinks it means. She said, "I think it means Monster really, really wants a drink of water." I told her she was right and I could tell she was proud of herself for figuring it out. Granted she takes after me so she is obviously a genius, but isn't this why we read books to our kids—to have them become better readers, and ultimately become more intelligent through reading? So I say use rhyme to help children learn to read and then throw in some words they are not going to understand as a way to challenge them.
My post is done, but not complete. Until I end in rhyme. Make sure you read a Monster book, It's perfect for bedtime.


text:
Q: Swift 3 replacingOccurrences of multiple strings I have JavaScript code that looks like the following:
foo.replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gm, "");
Basically this strips any return carriages and new lines from my string. I'd like to do something similar in Swift 3.
I see func replacingOccurrences(of target: String, with replacement: String, options: CompareOptions = default, range searchRange: Range<Index>? = default) -> String is available. The problem is, this only takes one string in the of parameter.
Does this mean I need to call the method multiple times for each of my instances above, once for \r\n, once for \n\ and once for \r? Is there anyway to potentially accomplish something closer to what the regex is doing instead of calling replacingOccurrences three times?

A: To replace non-digits you can use "\D" as a regular expression
let numbers = "+1(202)-505-71-17".replacingOccurrences(of: "\\D", with: "", options: .regularExpression)

You can find how to use other regular expressions here

A: Use replacingOccurrences with the option set to regularExpression.
let updated = foo.replacingOccurrences(of: "\r\n|\n|\r", with: "", options: .regularExpression)

A: This one is pretty easy, it's all in the documentation.
let noNewlines = "a\nb\r\nc\r".replacingOccurrences(of: "\r\n|\n|\r", with: "", options: .regularExpression)


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