Why pay the additional cost of new costly frames for your regular eyeglasses or sunglasses along with the cost of new lenses just because of a broken, cracked, or scratched lens. Save some money by only purchasing replacement lenses for that perfectly good eyeglasses frame or for your favorite eyeglass frames which you don't want to discard. Replacement lens are also the way to go for vintage frames that often are bought without lenses.
Crystal Vision can help you if you own a pair of glasses frames that just need to have the lenses replaced. How? By clicking this link to our sister site at eyeglasses.com, you can easily choose and order the best replacement lenses for your lifestyle and needs.
If after reading the information below, you are still unsure of what type of eyeglasses replacement lenses would be best for your frames and needs, give us a call. Choosing replacement lenses can appear complicated due to the numerous options available, but our knowledgeable customer service representatives are here to help.
For us to make the proper replacement lens, we need either an actual prescription from your eye doctor or the lenses you need replaced so we can duplicate the lenses' current. NOTE: The lenses must be the same 'Lens Type' that you will be ordering.
If you are changing prescriptions or the eyewear frame you plan to send us has lenses with an old, outdated prescription, we will need your new prescription information.
We also need your "PD" Pupillary Distance measurement. Don't know your PD? When you go to your optometrist for an eye exam, request your Pupillary Distance measurement. Often an optician where you have had other lenses fitted for glasses frames will already have your PD record. Request it from them.
You now need to choose your lens type: single vision, bifocal, trifocal, or progressive. Your eyeglass frames: full rim, half rim or rimless may limit the type of lens you can select. Unlike single vision lenses which have only one vision focal power ground into them, bifocal, trifocal, or progressive replacement lenses have more.
Having the same focal power throughout the lens from top to bottom, single vision lenses can help correct a number of eye disorders including nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. Single vision are the simplest of eyeglass lens types, the least expensive replacement lens, and the most common type lenses found in glasses for people under the age of forty. Single vision replacement lenses are great for those who need glasses just for long distance, intermediate distance such as for computer glasses, or near distance such as for reading or other close up work.
Bifocal lenses are divided into two sections with different focal powers to correct for distance and near vision deficiencies. The upper section of a bifocal lens is normally used for distance focal vision, while the lower section is used for near vision tasks such as reading. These lenses usually have a "demarcation line" which denotes the separation between the distance viewing lens above and the near viewing lens below. The demarcations lines in bifocal lenses are visible.
However, with advances in bifocal lens designs, consumer have other shape choices for the near vision correction component of bifocal lenses. The half-moon or flat top segment is the most popular bifocal lenses. Another option is a "round" near vision correction component segment, in which the entire bottom half of the lenses has the near vision correction component.
Who uses bifocal replacement lenses?
– When someone needs glasses for distance, as well as near vision, but only wants to use one pair of glasses rather than two different glasses, bifocal glasses are a good choice.
– People over the age of forty-five who have presbyopia, a deterioration in the ability of the eye's natural lens to expand or contract in order to focus on close up objects, often choose bifocal replacement lenses. They might need correction only for their near vision, but not for longer distances, but don't want to keep removing their reading glasses repeatedly to meet the frequently changing demands of looking at distant objects and near objects. In these cases the bifocal lens could have a plain (no power) upper segment since the wearer has no need for long distance correction, while the near-vision correcting power in the lower segment of the lenses meets their needs perfectly. If, however, the intermediate distance vision is not totally in focus then progressive lenses might be the better solution since they provide a seamless progression of many lens powers for all the viewing distances.
Trifocal lenses, as their name implies, is a multi-focal spectacle lens with three focal points, usually for close up, intermediate (arms' length), and distance vision. The two demarcations lines between the three viewing zones in trifocal lenses are visible. Trifocals aren't customizable like progressives lenses, although they come in a few standard configurations including a wider intermediate viewing area.
Progressive lenses, often referred to as no-line bi-trifocals, eliminate the visible demarcations lines of traditional bifocals and trifocals lenses. Progressive replacement lenses provide a seamless progression of the lens powers for all the viewing distances: close, intermediate, and distance. This type of lens offers a more natural correction of presbyopia than either bifocal or trifocal prescription eyeglasses. As a result, progressive lenses are the most attractive lens (no lines) to wear and very popular. However, it may take time and a few adjustments to get used to progressive lenses. We suggest that rather than moving your eyes to focus on an object that you initially point your nose at what you want to see and then tilt your chin to focus. Usually within a few hours to two weeks, you will have adapted to progressive lenses and find that they provide a more natural transition between lens powers than either bifocals or trifocals whose lines can cause a jump in an images as you move from one viewing zone to another.
Replacement lenses are made from several different types of materials: plastic, polycarbonate, hi-index, or glass. It is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each material, so that you can determine which would be best for your visual needs.
Note that your eyewear lens material determines how well those lenses will perform in everyday situations.
Originally, eyewear lenses were only made from glass. Although you are able to still buy replacement lenses made from glass, they are substantially heavier and more expensive than lenses made from plastic. On the plus side, glass lenses are optically clearer than plastic, as well as being extremely scratch resistant. However, even though in accordance with FDA regulations, glass lenses are safety hardened, they are more likely to crack than plastic lenses.
Fifty percent lighter than glass lenses, standard plastic replacement lenses are the least expensive material from which eyewear lenses are made. However, to provide the high optical quality of standard plastic lenses (CR-39), they offer less strength and reduced durability. Consequently, if plastic lenses are not properly taken care of, they will become scratched, resulting in a loss of some of their visual clarity. At Crystal Vision, we recommend that a scratch resistant coating is applied to plastic lenses for protection against scratches.
Ten times more impact resistant than standard plastic lenses, polycarbonate replacement lenses are ideal for everyday wear for several reason. Polycarbonate lenses are not only tough, shatterproof or impact resistant, but also lightweight. Another plus for considering polycarbonate lenses is that unlike regular glass lenses, they block 100 percent of the sun's UV rays without the need for special UV- blocking lens coatings. However, due to their flexibility or softness, which makes them so impact resistant, all polycarbonate lenses need a scratch-resistant coating to prevent surface scratches. Distance vision lenses, progressive lenses, bifocal lenses, trifocal lenses, lenses for reading and lenses for computer work are available in polycarbonate.
One the newest developments in eyewear material is Trivex replacement lenses which hold their own when compared to polycarbonate replacement lenses. For ultimate comfort, Trivex lenses are some of the thinnest lenses available with the least amount of visual distortion around the lens' edges. About 10 % thinner and 10 % lighter than polycarbonate lenses, Trivex lenses are shatterproof or impact resistant. However, they also need a scratch-resistant coating to prevent surface scratches. The high-tech scratch-resistant coatings make the surface of Trivex lenses nearly as hard as glass. Distance vision lenses, progressive lenses, bifocal lenses, trifocal lenses, lenses for reading and lenses for computer work are available in Trivex.
What is the significance of the refractive index of a lens material?
Lens index is a number that describes how thick or thin lenses are. Simply put, the higher a lens' index, the thinner the lens is. Higher prescriptions require higher index lenses, while lower prescriptions require lower index lenses. The difference among a glasses' lens index can make a huge impact on the wearer, yet the index itself is often determined by the persons' prescription.
The "index" that is being referred to is the refractive index of a lens material. The higher the index number of a given lens material, the more the light will refract as it enters. If a lens material has a greater ability to refract light, less of a curve is required to obtain a specific power. Less curve results in a thinner eyeglass lens. Both the standard plastic referred to as CR-39, and glass are considered base or low index. CR-39 plastic lenses have an index of 1.498 while for lenses made from glasses have an index of 1.52. Conventional single-vision lenses have an average 1.5 index lens.
When you find eyeglasses lens index more than 1.58 or greater, the lens is considered high index. High index replacement lenses are made from glass and a variety of plastic materials. The lens are thinner, lighter, as well as more scratch-resistant than standard plastic, or polycarbonate lenses. However, as the index increases up to around 1.74 which is about as thin as possible, the lens hardness increases and they become more brittle and less impact-resistant.
Because of are their highly reflective nature, which results in some glare and distortion and along with their higher cost, high index lenses require anti-reflective coating to avoid distracting and vision-compromising glare. Some activities that require impact resistant eyewear are not suitable for high index lenses.
People choose a high index lens for a number of reasons ranging from their lighter weight, their reputation as being some of the highest quality lenses you can order, the thinness looks better in eyeglass frames to following their optometrist recommendation. And those are all valid reasons. However, consider your lifestyle before making a choice.
After choosing a lens type (single, bifocal, trifocal, progressive) and lens material (glass, standard plastic, polycarbonate, Trivex hi-index plastic), you now have several options to consider for your replacement lenses to make them more durable and comfortable to wear. All will protect and /or enhance your replacement lenses in some way.
•	UV Coating to protect your eyes from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
The lens options available may differ depending upon which specific replacement lenses you chose to buy.
Why discard a perfectly good pair of sunglass frames just because you need to replace the lenses. And if you have bought a fabulous pair of vintage sunglasses that need lenses, Crystal Vision can install them. We offer various tint options for your sunglasses replacement lenses ranging from regular sunglasses tints in a variety of colors and densities, to fashion tints in most fashion colors that go from a light density tint 15% to a dark density tint of 35%, as well as gradient tints.
Still unsure about which lens type, material and additional options are best for your life style, give us a call.
Our knowledgeable customer service representatives are here to help.
Uncompromising quality, at a reasonable price – guaranteed.
Crystal Vision Lensessm are prescription lenses for eyeglasses and sunglasses, which represent a full portfolio of highest quality lenses, all of which carry a Satisfaction Guarantee, a Perfect Lenses Guarantee, and a two year manufacturers warrantee.
Have you ever wondered why prescription lenses are so expensive in retail optical stores? Or why you can buy cheap or free prescription lenses on the internet?
The answer to these questions is that many retailers overcharge, or provide low quality lenses, or both.
Crystal Vision Lensessm is a brand that provides a reliable standard, so that customers are guaranteed of getting a high quality product with a reasonable profit margin for the retailer.
A great quality piece of plastic (or glass).
A good optician getting the right pupil distance and segment height from your face.
A great lens laboratory customizing a great piece of material to your personal needs.
If you have a good doctor and optician, we take care of the other two.
Crystal Vision Lensessm are designed by retail optical industry people who are passing on to you an important secret: Great lenses are made by Essilor, Zeiss, Pentax, Seiko, and others but they cost more when their brand names are attached to the lenses.
Crystal Vision Lensessm are supplied by the world's best lens makers, but we can offer them at lower prices IF WE DON'T TELL YOU WHICH ONES. This is referred to as "private label", a common practice in the garment industry.
A great piece of plastic (or glass) is worthless if not carved perfectly by an experienced craftsman. Crystal Vision Lensessm are made in a state-of-the-art laboratory in the U.S.A. in a partnership with a world leader in eyeglass lenses (but we can't tell you which one). Every lens goes through up to 20 different quality control checkpoints. Follow this link to see photos of our lab.
Crystal Vision Lensessm represent a diverse portfolio of lenses for every purpose, and (almost) any prescription. Follow this link to find the perfect lens for your needs.
Replacing your eyeglass lenses with the same prescription, or a new prescription, is easy to do. You can mail your eyeglasses to an Authorized Crystal Vision Lensessm retailer, who will install the lenses and mail it back to you. Follow this link to find an Authorized Crystal Vision Lensessm retailer.
Eyeglass lenses replacement is perfect for mail-order, because your eyeglass frames already have lenses with your old prescription and all the other measurements we need to install perfect eyeglass lens replacements. All you have to do is mail your glasses in to us, and we will install the replacement lenses.
We have been installing mail-order eyeglass lens replacements for 16 years, and we only use the highest quality materials, and the finest lens laboratory in the country. Crystal Vision Lenses replacement eyeglass lenses are easy to order. Just send your glasses and your new prescription to us, along with your phone number, and an optician will call you to discuss the best, high quality lens choices and options for your needs. Or, you can use the lens selector to read all about your lens choices, make your own decision, place the order, print out the invoice, and mail it with your glasses to us. You will receive a free shipping label to send your glasses in.
If you have any questions about ordering your replacement eyeglass lenses for glasses, feel free to call our customer service at (888) 896-3885, or send email to us at [email protected]. A trained professional will quickly respond to you to answer all of your questions. In the meantime, there is a lot of information on this website that you can read and educate yourself about replacing your own glasses lenses. Nowadays, there really is no reason to go into a local store to replace your lenses, because the prices will be much higher. Our lens quality is better than most optical stores, our prices are lower (because we do not have to pay for a storefront), and we are usually faster as well. Don't hesitate, get started right away to send in your glasses to receive your replacement lenses.
We offer all kinds of replacement lenses, including single vision, progressive, bifocal, trifocal, Varilux, and Transitions replacement lenses. Our replacement lens materials include plastic and polycarbonate, super-thin high index , and even Zeiss glass lenses. You can also order replacement prescription sunglass lenses with custom tint, Transitions technology, polarized, and mirror coated lenses. All of our replacement lenses come with a "Perfect Lenses Guarantee" so if they do not work for you, we will redo them or refund you in full.
Replacing your eyeglass lenses by mail-order gives you the best quality glasses lenses at the best available price. However, there are many cheap and low quality lens services and so it is very important to order from a company like ours, which offers only name brand lenses, with a full guarantee, 16 years of history making lenses, and an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau. Your lenses will be made in the United States, and every lens order goes through over 20 quality control checkpoints to ensure that your lenses will be perfect. Do not accept low quality substitutes for your vision. At Crystal Vision Lenses, quality is paramount and we pride ourselves on providing the best available quality lenses at the most reasonable price.
Eyeglass lenses by Crystal Vision Lenses are available in all the major categories, in prescription and non-prescription, custom made eyeglass lenses. All of our prescription eyeglass lenses are made in the USA, in our lab in partnership with one of the world's largest lens makers. The first thing to look at is the lens purpose – single vision or multifocal. Then, look at the strength of your prescription, which will help to determine the lens material to choose. Then you can choose the actual lens, after which you can select the options that are available for that lens.
Single vision lenses have one viewing area throughout the lens, and are used mostly for distance vision, but also for computer and reading lenses. Multifocal lenses have more than one viewing area. In the case of progressive lenses, there is a distance area at the top, a reading area at the bottom, and a continuous intermediate vision area in the middle. All of these areas are connected seamlessly, so there are no visible lines. Bifocal and trifocal lenses have two or three viewing areas, and they are separated by a visible line.
If you are looking for prescription sunglasses, you will first select the actual lens, and then add the tinting options. Tinting comes in the form of a solid or gradient tint, Transitions (clear indoors and dark outdoors), and polarization. Of these, only the regular tint is customizable; Transitions and polarized lenses are only available in the colors and density as shown.
Single vision lenses are the most common lenses, both for new eyeglass frames and for eyeglass lenses replacement, although in the last 20 years with the advent of progressive lenses, single vision lenses have lost some of their popularity. Single vision lenses are very relaxing to wear compared to multifocals, because your eye has maximum movement to see through the lens with good vision, and also offers the best peripheral vision compared to multifocal lenses.
Single vision lenses also refer to lenses used for reading and computers. A custom reading lens made for your exact pupil distance, correction, and astigmatism will significantly improve your interaction, whether it be with a book or a computer. For people that are on the computer all day, a single vision lens is the perfect choice.
Plastic lenses offer the best optics compared to higher index lenses, and only glass lenses have a better visual acuity. Our plastic lenses have an index of 1.56 and, like all Crystal Vision Lenses, they come with a scratch resistant coating at no extra charge. However, for prescriptions that are stronger than +/-4.00, plastic lenses become somewhat thick, heavy, unsightly, and most people tend to switch to a higher index alternative like polycarbonate or super high index. Plastic lenses are a great choice for most people, and offer a wide range of coatings and other options to fit any need or requirement.
Crystal Vision polycarbonate lenses have an index of 1.59 and are a great choice for prescriptions that range from +/-4.00 to +/-6.00. Polycarbonate lenses are virtually shatterproof, and are the lens of choice for children, youths, and sporting activities for any age person. Our polycarbonate lenses are ultra clear and light, with a minimum of aberrations that are visibly evident in inexpensive and low quality lenses. We offer a regular polycarbonate lens, and also an HD Digital polycarbonate lens both in single vision and in progressive.
Crystal Vision higher index lenses are available in 1.67 index and also in 1.74 index. We recommend the 1.67 index lens for prescriptions that range from +/-6.00 to +/-9.00, and we recommend the 1.74 index lens for prescriptions that are higher. With a high prescription, it is always recommended to add some kind of anti-reflective coating, because as the index goes up, so does the density of the lens, which increases the amount of reflected light, therefore increasing eye strain and reducing visual acuity.
Trivex is a relatively new material in the lens market, and it serves a good purpose for some situations. It is the toughest material on the market, so it is recommended for rimless eyeglass frames – frames that have no rim over the top or under the bottom. Using Trivex, rimless frames will not crack the lenses, a problem that is often seen when plastic or polycarbonate lenses are used in rimless frame types. Trivex material also offers better visual acuity than polycarbonate or high index lenses, due to its advanced chemical composition.
Crystal Vision glass lenses offer the finest clarity of any glass lens on the market today. Glass, by virtue of its density, is by definition a clearer lens than any plastic or polycarbonate lens. The downside is that it is heavier than plastic, and also it could shatter under extreme duress. Also, glass lenses take significantly longer to process than plastic lenses, from 2-4 weeks on average, due to the stringent "drop ball" testing imposed by the United States FDA. Every lens is tested to be sure that it will provide the minimum level of impact protection. Glass lenses are available in regular, and high index versions; regular lenses are good for prescriptions up to +/-3.00, and high index is good for prescriptions up to +/-7.00; above that, and the lens becomes so thick and heavy that it is not recommended for use.
Progressive lenses were invented about 20 years ago by Essilor, the worlds leading lens making company, and the creator of Crizal. Many people love progressive lenses because they are multifunctional: they can be used for all-around use to see in the distance, nearby, or intermediate ranges. If you can only have one pair of eyeglasses, and you need some extra power in the close up ranges, the progressive lens could be a good choice. In addition, the progressive lens design offers a continuous mid-range vision, which is unavailable in single vision lenses. The most important reason that most people use progressive lenses is not functional, but cosmetic: many people do not like the look of a visible line in the lens because it makes them look "old".
However, progressive lenses do have some drawbacks. The most significant drawback is adaptation: in order to make a progressive lens, plastic is built up in the side corners of the lens and you cannot see through these areas. You can only see through an hour-glass shaped area in the middle of the lens, which forces you to turn your head from side to side instead of the more-natural eye-turn movement that we are used to. People need to train themselves to learn how to see differently, and if you are not able to do that, you may get headaches, double vision, and poor vision. It usually takes 2-4 weeks for a person new to progressives to learn how to use them and if they do not "adapt", they are forced to revert to single vision lenses or bifocals.
Progressive lenses are also considerably more expensive than single vision lenses, which makes them the best candidate for eyeglass lenses replacement by mail-order. Progressive lenses in regular retail store start at about $200 and can go well over $1,000 per pair, so by ordering replacement lenses you can save $100 to $500. For people that work in an office, the cost of a dedicated pair of glasses for computer use may not be more expensive than a single pair with progressive lenses.
Plastic lenses offer the best optics compared to higher index lenses, and only glass lenses have a better visual acuity. Our progressive plastic lenses have an index of 1.56 and, like all Crystal Vision Lenses, they come with a scratch resistant coating at no extra charge. However, for prescriptions that are stronger than +/-4.00, plastic lenses become somewhat thick, heavy, unsightly, and most people tend to switch to a higher index alternative like polycarbonate or super high index. Plastic lenses are a great choice for most people, and offer a wide range of coatings and other options to fit any need or requirement.
Crystal Vision progressive polycarbonate lenses have an index of 1.59 and are a great choice for prescriptions that range from +/-4.00 to +/-6.00. Polycarbonate lenses are virtually shatterproof, and are the lens of choice for children, youths, and sporting activities for any age person. Our polycarbonate lenses are ultra clear and light, with a minimum of aberrations that are visibly evident in inexpensive and low quality lenses. We offer a regular polycarbonate lens, and also an HD Digital polycarbonate lens both in single vision and in progressive.
Crystal Vision progressive higher index lenses are available in 1.67 index and also in 1.74 index. We recommend the 1.67 index lens for prescriptions that range from +/-6.00 to +/-9.00, and we recommend the 1.74 index lens for prescriptions that are higher. With a high prescription, it is always recommended to add some kind of anti-reflective coating, because as the index goes up, so does the density of the lens, which increases the amount of reflected light, therefore increasing eye strain and reducing visual acuity.
Trivex is a relatively new material in the progressive lens market, and it serves a good purpose for some situations. It is the toughest material on the market, so it is recommended for rimless eyeglass frames – frames that have no rim over the top or under the bottom. Using Trivex, rimless frames will not crack the lenses, a problem that is often seen when plastic or polycarbonate lenses are used in rimless frame types. Progressive Trivex material also offers better visual acuity than polycarbonate or high index lenses, due to its advanced chemical composition.
Crystal Vision progressive glass lenses offer the finest clarity of any glass lens on the market today. Glass, by virtue of its density, is by definition a clearer lens than any plastic or polycarbonate lens. The downside is that it is heavier than plastic, and also it could shatter under extreme duress. Also, glass lenses take significantly longer to process than plastic lenses, from 2-4 weeks on average, due to the stringent "drop ball" testing imposed by the United States FDA. Every lens is tested to be sure that it will provide the minimum level of impact protection. Glass lenses are available in regular, and high index versions; regular lenses are good for prescriptions up to +/-3.00, and high index is good for prescriptions up to +/-7.00; above that, and the lens becomes so thick and heavy that it is not recommended for use.
Bifocal lenses offer two viewing areas for distance and reading purposes. The reading area is visible and delineated by a line or lines. This makes it easy to find the reading area, but if you do not want other people to see that you are wearing multifocal lenses, you should choose progressive. Bifocal lenses are also less expensive than progressive lenses, but still cost more than single vision lenses. As a result, eyeglass lenses replacement with bifocal lenses could result in significant cost savings.
Bifocal lenses are easier to use than progressive lenses, and do not have the adaptation period. Also, you can see through any part of the lenses – there are no blurry areas like in progressive lenses.
Bifocal plastic lenses offer the best optics compared to higher index lenses, and only glass lenses have a better visual acuity. Our bifocal plastic lenses have an index of 1.56 and, like all Crystal Vision Lenses, they come with a scratch resistant coating at no extra charge. However, for prescriptions that are stronger than +/-4.00, plastic lenses become somewhat thick, heavy, unsightly, and most people tend to switch to a higher index alternative like polycarbonate or super high index. Bifocal plastic lenses are a great choice for most people, and offer a wide range of coatings and other options to fit any need or requirement.
Crystal Vision bifocal polycarbonate lenses have an index of 1.59 and are a great choice for prescriptions that range from +/-4.00 to +/-6.00. Polycarbonate lenses are virtually shatterproof, and are the lens of choice for children, youths, and sporting activities for any age person. Our bifocal polycarbonate lenses are ultra clear and light, with a minimum of aberrations that are visibly evident in inexpensive and low quality lenses. We offer a regular polycarbonate lens, and also an HD Digital polycarbonate lens both in single vision and in progressive.
Crystal Vision bifocal higher index lenses are available in 1.67 index and also in 1.74 index. We recommend the 1.67 index lens for prescriptions that range from +/-6.00 to +/-9.00, and we recommend the 1.74 index lens for prescriptions that are higher. With a high prescription, it is always recommended to add some kind of anti-reflective coating, because as the index goes up, so does the density of the lens, which increases the amount of reflected light, therefore increasing eye strain and reducing visual acuity.
Trivex is a relatively new material in the progressive lens market, and it serves a good purpose for some situations. It is the toughest material on the market, so it is recommended for rimless eyeglass frames – frames that have no rim over the top or under the bottom. Using Trivex, rimless frames will not crack the lenses, a problem that is often seen when plastic or polycarbonate lenses are used in rimless frame types. Bifocal Trivex material also offers better visual acuity than polycarbonate or high index lenses, due to its advanced chemical composition.
Crystal Vision bifocal glass lenses offer the finest clarity of any glass lens on the market today. Glass, by virtue of its density, is by definition a clearer lens than any plastic or polycarbonate lens. The downside is that it is heavier than plastic, and also it could shatter under extreme duress. Also, glass lenses take significantly longer to process than plastic lenses, from 2-4 weeks on average, due to the stringent "drop ball" testing imposed by the United States FDA. Every lens is tested to be sure that it will provide the minimum level of impact protection. Glass lenses are available in regular, and high index versions; regular lenses are good for prescriptions up to +/-3.00, and high index is good for prescriptions up to +/-7.00; above that, and the lens becomes so thick and heavy that it is not recommended for use.
Eyeglass lens coatings and options are all dependent on the base lens that you choose, and to a lesser extent, the frame style. The more lens options you choose, the more the price goes up, and thus increases your savings if you choose to do eyeglass lenses replacement by mail-order. Coatings and options can add up to hundreds of dollars in addition to the base cost of the lens, so you can save a significant amount of money by mailing in your frame to receive replacement eyeglass lenses.
Our glasses lenses are made of the highest possible quality by the world leader in eyeglass lenses. We are able to guarantee perfection in our glasses lenses because we use the best lens laboratory. If you want the fastest lenses, or the cheapest glasses lenses, then you should not order from us. We always value perfection over speed. That said, we make most lenses in 1-4 days, and sometimes higher if they include specialty lens coatings.
Making perfect lenses for glasses is both a science and an art. All of our glasses lenses are made by our partner lab which has over 60 employees involved in making every pair of lenses. So when you ask us to make your lenses, you are getting an entire team of professionals working on your lenses. You are not hiring one person to make your glasses in the back room of an optical store. You will receive the best plastic (or glass) lens, installed in a quality controlled, ISO 9000 lens-making laboratory. Your lenses pass through over 20 quality control checkpoints before they are finally released. If any imperfection is noticed at any of those checkpoints, the lenses are scrapped and a new pair is created. Perfect lenses, guaranteed.
Our partner is the world leader in eyeglass lenses, and the creator of the first and best progressive lens – the Varilux family. (Varilux lenses, Varilux Definity®, Varilux Comfort®, Varilux Physio®, Varilux Ellipse®) They also invented the finest lens coating (Crizal®), and the finest single vision lenses on the market today (Orma®, Thin&Lite®, and Airwear®). Depending on the type of lens you order, we may also supply a Zeiss®, Transitions®, Younger&reg, Trivex®;reg, Kodak®;reg, Pentax®;reg, Sola®, Hoya®, or other lens brand.
But to make the perfect lenses for glasses, the actual lens material is only half of the battle. The other half is the lens installation. Even if you are supplied with the best lens material, a poor installation by a technician will result in lenses that offer poor vision and you will have wasted your money. With Crystal Vision Lenses, you can be assured that you are getting the exact lens you ask for, and it is being installed with the very highest skill, attention to detail, and quality control.
4) The accuracy of the cutting of the lens to fit your frames.
Several people are involved in the making of glasses lenses. If any one of these people makes a mistake, a loss in vision correction in the lenses will result. The store you choose to make your lenses must insist on quality at every level in order for you to receive the best quality product. This kind of quality control is essential in order to ensure consistent results.
–The brand of lenses determines the clarity of the plastic: Essilor, Zeiss, Pentax, Seiko, many others.
–The lens carver of the plastic determines the precision of the lenses. The plastic maker does the surfacing for stock lenses. The lens laboratory does the carving for surfaced lenses.
–Your eye doctor determines the prescription for the lens such that it will work best for your eyes' condition. Optometrist tend to write more accurate prescriptions than ophthalmogists. It is not uncommon for an eye doctor to change a prescription if the first prescription is not taken carefully, while laying the blame on the maker of the eyeglass lenses.
–An eyewear store employee measures the pupillary distance. Your eye doctor may not write the pupil distance measurement on your prescription unless you ask, in an effort to prevent you from buying glasses lenses at a different store. This is an illegal practice.
–The person that carves the eyeglass lenses for your frame installs lenses so that the optical centers match the pupillary distance measurement. This could be an eyewear store employee, or lens laboratory.
Eyeglass lenses begin their life in large, hockey-puck-like large pieces called "blanks" which about four inches in diameter and about half an inch thick. There are different types and qualities of blanks. The quality of the blank is determined by the clarity, meaning the absence of small bubbles or inconsistencies which can only be seen with a microscope. The lower lens quality and less expensive plastics have more miasms that, although you cannot see them with the naked eye, can still add up to decreased visual acuity. Crystal Vision Lenses only use better or best quality lens plastic made by well-known plastic suppliers. It is very easy for any eyewear retailer to cut their lens costs by 50% by switching to lower quality lens suppliers. We inspect every lens that we receive several times to ensure that it meets our standards. All of our suppliers have unconditional return policies for defects in lens quality.
There are two basic ways of cutting lenses, depending on the prescription. Most prescriptions fall within a standard range, called the stock range (on average the range is +/-8.00 sphere and up to +2.00 cylinder). Single vision lenses that are in the stock range are usually surfaced by the plastic makers in bulk by huge computerized machines. These lenses are then shipped to optical stores so that the store employees can edge the lenses into the frame. Most multifocal lenses, and all lenses that fall outside of the stock prescription range, must be fashioned custom for each prescription. In these cases, plastic blanks (chunks of plastic) are shipped to lens laboratories where they are carved (surfaced) for each individual prescription. There are hundreds of lens laboratories around the country, several in each state. A typical lens laboratory will do a minimum of a few hundred lenses a day with a large staff of highly trained and experienced technicians. A few optical stores (like Lenscrafters) have small surfacing facilities in each of their stores doing much smaller lens volume. To surface a lens, the lens laboratory takes the blank and puts it through a series of grinding machines, which grinds the surface the lens and shapes it exactly to the specifications of the prescription. Lens laboratories also provide other services like edging and mounting, which optical stores can choose to use or not, depending on whether they want to do that work themselves. As with any custom service, the quality of the surfacing and any other services that the lab provides– is determined by the experience and the expertise of the laboratory, its personnel, and the equipment it uses. We only use labs that employ a large staff of highly trained technicians, doing a large volume of lenses every day. At Eyeglasses.com, we do none our own edging services ourselves, and all of it is done by our lens laboratories. Most of our orders require stock lenses; all of our custom surfacing work is done by lens laboratories. The laboratories that we use each have many years of experience and do thousands of lenses each week. Each lab that we use inspects each lens several times during the manufacturing process. When we receive the finished product from the lab, we do our own final inspection.
The optometrist (OD) or ophthalmologist (MD) that issues the prescription is not involved in the fashioning of the lens, but the prescription they issue is crucial to the overall effectiveness of the lens. Occasionally the OD or MD can issue a prescription that is not quite right. Also, it is possible for your eyes, and your prescription, to change rapidly during some stages of your life.
Pupillary Distance PD Measurement: Who Measures It?
Normally an optical store employee will take your PD measurement when you go to buy glasses. If you want more freedom to choose where to buy your eyeglasses, you should ask your optometrist or ophthalmologist to measure the PD during your exam. Usually they will not measure the PD unless you ask them to. If you have your PD measurement and your prescription when you leave your eye doctors office, then you can buy glasses and lenses at any eyewear store. With your PD and your prescription, you will not be forced to go to an optical store to get your PD measurement, and then feel obliged to buy glasses from that store.
Edging Lenses: Who Does That?
Edging is performed in a number of different ways. It can be done at the lens laboratory, or in the optical store. Either way, it is not required in any state that the edging be done by a licensed person. About one-half of the states in the United States have opticianry laws. In those licensed states, edging can be done by an unlicensed person that is "overseen" by a licensed person. The edging for most glasses made in this country is not performed by a licensed professional. However, all of the edging that is done for Eyeglasses.com is done in a state-of-the-art lens laboratory. When we ask our laboratory to do the edging, it is done by an employee/tradesman that does at least hundreds of jobs per day. That person has a very high skill and accuracy level that we have found to deliver very high quality.


BPL Player Draft Live On GTV and Maasranga Tv Channel In Bangladesh. BPL 2018 Player Draft Also Live On YouTube Channel. Bangladesh Premier League Player Draft held on 25th October, 2018. BPL 6 player draft 2018 all update found here. The Players Draft of Bangladesh Premier League 2018. A number of players will be called for auction in the Players Draft ceremony which will be started from Saturday afternoon.
Ahead of the event all the franchises have prepared them pretty well and Bangladesh Cricket Board has also declared the names of the cricketers who will be brought under the lime light to be selected through the auction. As a part of the whole process BCB has announced a list containing 208 overseas players who will take part in the auction. Number of foreign players in BPL Players Draft has been increased this time and it is mainly because maximum 5 players from overseas can be played in a BPL match, which is highest in the history of BPL. Earlier in last season, the number of foreign players to be called for auction was 168. More information regarding this will be found in the later part of the news. Get also BPL 2018 Player Auction.
There are six categories based on what the auction will be progressing in the event. Each category has a base price form which the auction will be started. Category wised players number has been added below.
Minimum base price of an oversea cricketer is 10,000 US dollar while the maximum price tag is 70,000 USD.
BPL 6 Players Draft will be aired live from Saturday (October 25) afternoon in Gazi TV AND Maasranga Television- the official telecast partners of BPL 2018.
If you are a cricket fan then welcome to our site once again. Stay connected with us and know all the recent updates of BPL and other cricket events as well. Now watch BPL Player Draft Live On GTV Channel.


text:
Art in a State of Siege: Bosch in Retrospect: Joseph Leo Koerner, Art Historian
Lecture | March 15 | 5 p.m. | Doe Library, Morrison Reading Room, 101 Doe
Sponsor: Townsend Center for the Humanities
Joseph Leo Koerner, Thomas Professor of History of Art and Architecture and Senior Fellow, Society of Fellows at Harvard University, is this year's Avenali Chair in the Humanities.
In his lecture, Koerner examines Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Delights — a work notorious for its portrayal of nude men and women cavorting with beasts in a verdant landscape. He approaches the painting as a representation of a world without history and without law, whose imagery attracted significant attention during similarly lawless historical periods. The discussion emerges from a larger project in which Koerner explores the relationship between art and freedom under a range of emergency "states of siege," including apartheid South Africa and Nazi Germany.
A UC Berkeley alumnus, Koerner received his PhD in history of art. He is the author of numerous books, including Caspar David Friedrich and the Subject of Landscape and Dürer's Hands. He wrote and presented the three-part television series Northern Renaissance and the documentary Vienna: City of Dreams, both produced by the BBC.
Koerner's roster of major honors includes the Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award, which provided him with resources to pursue many scholarly projects.
During his visit to Berkeley, Koerner also leads a symposium on "Art in a State of Siege" on Friday, March 16, at 1 pm in the Townsend Center's Geballe Room, 220 Stephens Hall. He will screen a preview of his documentary film, The Burning Child, at the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive on Saturday, March 17, at 4 pm. The film explores Koerner's return to Vienna to explore the birthplace of his father, the painter Henry Koerner, and is a meditation on the concepts of home and homemaking that emerged amidst the turbulence of 20th-century Vienna.
The Avenali Lecture and Symposium are free and open to the public.
Open to audience: Alumni
Event contact: townsendcenter@berkeley.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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EXCLUSIVE: Expert debate held in Bruxelles – "Vaccine safety under questionmark"
The Crazz Files February 22, 2017
Expert debate held in Bruxelles – "Vaccine safety under questionmark"
Vaccine safety under questionmark
"Do not expect a lot from doctors and politicians. The things can only be changed by us, aware and determined ordinary people", the president of EFVV Kris Gaublomme has noted.
Dr. Lidija Gajski's report from Expert debate held in Bruxelles – "Vaccine safety under questionmark"
On February 9 this year, an all-day event under the title "Vaccine – Safety in Question" was held at Brussels. The event was organised by the European Forum for Vaccine Vigilance, of which the Croatian Association for the Promotion of Patients' Rights is a member, and French MEP Michèle Rivasi.
Michèle Rivasi French MEP
The first part of the event that was meant to take place at the European Parliament was cancelled a few days prior to the event and a change of venue was necessary. An official explanation was not released, but unofficially it was the result of the pressure imposed by the Green French party, of which Michele Rivasi is a member.
Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe
A screening of "Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe", a film by Andrew Wakefield, was held at the first part of the event. It is a documentary uncovering scientific research manipulations at the CDC, the leading institute for public health safety of the United States, all with the purpose of covering up the link between autism and measles, mumps and rubella vaccines. On the one hand, the film gives an account by a scientist who participated in the research and opposed false interpretation of the findings. On the other hand, it shows the scandalous obstruction of truth by the medical establishment and vaccine propaganda. At the same time, it tells distressing stories of the parents whose children were harmed and who are convinced vaccines caused it.
Andrew Wakefield | Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe
The film struck a chord with the audience, which was evident by the prolonged silence after the screening ended. More than a minute passed before the applause.
Rivasi, Montagnier, Wakefield, Montanari – Andrew Wakefield | Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe
After the screening, prominent individuals discussed not only the film, but also the issue of vaccination in general, and took questions from the audience. Michele Rivasi's primary message was that the issue of vaccine safety should be addressed in the agenda of a professional and political debate. Director Andrew Wakefield gave a short account of his engagement with the topic of vaccination, including the unfounded defamation and discrediting he has experienced as a scientist. Children's well-being was the exclusive motivator for the film, and the main proof that everything it shows is true is the fact that no one has yet filed a suit against him for the film's content. He discussed the situation in the US where the number of autistic children is increasing rapidly, which is putting states like California on the verge of bankruptcy. Had Hillary Clinton been elected at the last election, the nation would have ended up in the hands of pharmaceutical companies. But the situation in the US is rapidly improving, not only in the sense of public awareness, but also reactions by paediatricians and even politicians. When asked by Dr. Gajski whether he believed MMR vaccine to be the cause of autism, considering that clinical studies have not been conducted, he was pleased that someone asked that question and replied that nothing could be claimed with certainty, but added he believed that is the case.
Luc Montagnier – The Nobel Prize winner in Medicine
Luc Montagnier, the third discussion participant and Nobel Prize winner for discovering the causative agent for AIDS, also expressed his concern about vaccine safety. He presented his research findings which suggest the link between microbiomes, i.e. intestinal flora, and immunity. Changes in intestinal flora play an important part in etiology of autism, but at the same time interventions in that area can cause its regression; therefore, autism can be treated. When it comes to the issue of vaccination, the Nobel laureate highlighted the importance of the 4 P's – prevention, prediction, personalization and participation, latter meaning the involvement and active participation by the parents.
Luc Antoine Montagnier
Luc Antoine Montagnier (born 18 August 1932) is a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A long-time researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, he currently works as a full-timeprofessor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China.
In 2009, Montagnier published two research studies that some homeopaths claimed as support for homeopathy.
Dr. Lidija Gajski & Luc Antoine Montagnier French virologist Nobel Prize winner in medicine 2008
Italian scientist Stefano Montanari
Italian scientist Stefano Montanari presented findings from research conducted with his wife; both are nanotechnology researchers. They proved the vaccines were contaminated with nanoparticles of numerous metals whose presence could not be explained, but it is well known those particles can cause serious health problems. Professor Montanari demands that regulatory bodies approve only vaccines that are not contaminated. He claims doctors do not know how to vaccinate; they should be educated on how to eliminate contraindications and existing resistance prior to vaccination.
Second part of the event
A round-table discussion on vaccine safety was held at the second part of the event. Experts and activists participated in the discussion, including Srećko Sladoljev, immunologist from the Institute of Immunology, Zagreb. Dr. Sladoljev made introductory remarks on the long tradition of preventive medicine in Croatia and emphasized that until very recently it did not include vaccination. He talked about the tradition and quality of the Institute of Immunology products, the "swine influenza" affair and the fight to preserve the Institute. However, the point he made was that needle vaccines should not be administered. The reason behind that is that unlike natural short-term contact with causative agents, needle vaccines administered through the skin into the interstice emit aggravating matter many months after, leading to dysregulations in the immune system and organ damage.
Senta Depuydt & Srecko Sladoljev immunologist from the Institute of Immunology Zagreb
German paediatrician Stefan Schmidt Troschke talked about scientific controversies surrounding vaccination and independent studies showing decreased rates of asthma and allergies in unvaccinated children. A movement advocating adequate and independent research into vaccination side-effects should be created at the EU level.Scientific and medical communities need more honesty to regain the public's trust.
Other round-table discussion participants talked about different experiences in this area, for instance how the French government caved under public pressure and agreed to introduce 3-valent vaccine (DTP), alongside the existing 6-valent vaccine.
The most important points and guidelines for future activities were best laid out by thepresident of the European Forum for Vaccine Vigilance Kris Gaublomme. He highlighted the increase in incidence of autoimmune diseases, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, and ample medical literature connecting those to vaccines. He talked about fear mongering as a "modus operandi" of the pharmaceutical industry and medical professionals and how the legal obligation to vaccinate impairshuman rights. In that sense, the most important thing to achieve is freedom of choice. Following that, we need a system to adequately recognise side-effects by conducting research spanning multiple years; neurotoxicity of hepatitis vaccine manifests only after 3 years. An appropriate system for registering side-effects is essential. The issue should be discussed among professionals and the public. Pharmaceutical companies have to pay compensation for damaging health and the World Health Organization has to operate without conflict of interest. Also, it is important to lobby at the political level. Nevertheless, "don't expect much from doctors and politicians", said Kris Gaublomme, "only we, informed and determined regular people, can change things".
Srećko Sladoljev & Helen Kimball-Brooke
Helen Kimball-Brooke & Lidija-Gajski
Dr. Srećko Sladoljev, Kris Gaublomme
Dr. Lidija Gajski & Michèle Rivasi
Helen-Kimball-Brooke – London, United Kingdom
Live Q&A panel from the VAXXED premiere in London – VIDEO
Important! Sign and Share the Petition – Pls Go Viral!
Respect, promote and protect freedom of informed vaccination consent throughout Europe
Secretary European Forum for Vaccine Vigilance (EFVV) London, United Kingdom, started this petition with a single signature, and now has 40,751 supporters. Start a petition today to change something you care about.
Source: http://www.globalmediaplanet.info/expert-debate-held-in-bruxelles-vaccine-safety-under-questionmark/
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PAT calls for a debate on Model Town tragedy in Punjab Assembly
PAT Secretary General Khurram Nawaz Gandapur has written a letter to Punjab Chief Minister Sardar Usman Buzdar in which he stated that some MPAs of the PML-N are talking about a debate on the Model Town tragedy in the provincial assembly. He said that PML-N Punjab spokesperson Malik Ahmad Khan has suggested that debate on the Model Town massacre should be held on the floor of the provincial assembly. He said that we are of the considered view that the former rulers were directly involved in the incident.
The PAT Secretary General wrote that as long as the former rulers were in power, they created hurdles in the way of justice and foiled every attempt through their power, stating though they have gone, their accomplices sitting in different institutions are protecting their interests in one form or the other. He said that given this background, it is our request that a day be specified for debate on Model Town tragedy and the family members of the martyrs should also be called to the assembly session. He said that the PTI always stood by the oppressed of Model Town tragedy when it was in opposition. He said that now that the party is in power, it is expected that it will take practical steps to deliver justice to the aggrieved families.
Khurram Nawaz Gandapur asked the Chief Minister to accept the suggestion of the PML-N and dedicate a date for a thorough debate on the heart-wrenching incident. He said that Model Town tragedy is the worst and gravest incident involving the breach of fundamental human rights whose reverberations were felt across the world and which affected the democratic credentials of Pakistan. He said that five years have gone by since the tragedy but what to speak of administration of justice, the affected families have not even got the right of a fair investigation.
Khurram Nawaz Gandapur further wrote that debate should be held on the ulterior motives behind the massacre and the hurdles in the way of provision of justice on the floor of the Punjab assembly. He said that it needs to be known as to why justice could not be provided in a massacre in which 14 innocent people were killed and around 100 Pakistanis were injured with live bullets in the broad daylight.
MYL's Central Youth Council meets to discuss important matters
MYL celebrates its 31st foundation day
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Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 6: ODE45
From the series: Solving ODEs in MATLAB
Cleve Moler, MathWorks
ODE45 is usually the function of choice among the ODE solvers. It compares methods of orders four and five to estimate error and determine step size. ODE45 is so accurate that its default behavior is to use its interpolant to provide results at intermediate points.
Related MATLAB code files can be downloaded from MATLAB Central
The most frequently used ODE solver in MATLAB and Simulink is ODE45. It is based on method published by British mathematicians JR Dormand and PJ Prince in 1980. The basic method is order five. The error correction uses a companion order four method.
The slope of tn is, first same as last left over from the previous successful step. Then there are five more slopes from function values at 1/5 h, 3/10h, 4/5h, 8/9h and then at tn plus 1. These six slopes, linear combinations of them, are used to produce yn plus 1.
The function is evaluated at tn plus 1 and yn plus 1 to get a seventh slope. And then linear combinations of these are used to produce the error estimate.
Again, if the error estimate is less than the specified accuracy requirements the step is successful. And then that error estimate is used to get the next step size. If the error is too big, the step is unsuccessful and that error estimate is used to get the step size to do the step over again.
If we want to see the actual coefficients that are used, you can go into the code for ODE45. There's a table with the coefficients. Or you go to the Wikipedia page for the Dormand-Prince Method and there is the same coefficients.
As an aside, here is an interesting fact about higher order Runge-Kutta methods. Classical Runge-Kutta required four function evaluations per step to get order four. Dormand-Prince requires six function evaluations per step to get order five. You can't get order five with just five function evaluations. And then, if we were to try and achieve higher order, it would take even more function evaluations per step.
Let's use ODE45 to compute e to the t. y prime is equal to y. We can ask for output by supplying an argument called tspan. Zero and steps of 0.1 to 1. If we supply that as the input argument to solve this differential equation and get the output at those points, we get that back as the output. And now here's the approximations to the solution to that differential equation at those points.
If we plot it, here's the solution at those points. And to see how accurate it is, we see that we're actually getting this result to nine digits. ODE45 is very accurate.
Let's look at step size choice on our problem with near singularity, is a quarter. y0 is close to 16. The differential equation is y prime is 2(a-t) y squared. We let ODE45 choose its own step size by indicating we just want to integrate from 0 to 1. We capture the output in t and y and plot it.
Now, here, there's a lot of points here, but this is misleading because ODE45, by default, is using the refine option. It's only actually evaluating the function at every fourth one of these points and then using the interpolant to fill in in between. So we actually need a little different plot here.
This plot shows a little better what's going on. The big dots are the points that ODE45 chose to evaluate the differential equation. And the little dots are filled in with the interpolant. So the big dots are every fourth point. And the refine option says that the big dots are too far apart and we need to fill it in with the interpolant. And so this is the continuous interpolant in action.
The big dots are more closely concentrated as we have to go around the curve. And then, as we get farther away from the singularity the step size increases. So this shows the high accuracy of ODE45 and the automatic step size choice in action.
Here's an exercise. Compare ODE23 and ODE45 by using each of them to compute pi. The integral 4 over 1 plus t squared from 0 to 1 is pi. You can express that as a differential equation, use each of the routines to integrate that differential equation and see how close they get to computing pi.
Download MATLAB code
Explore more resources from Cleve Moler
Series: Solving ODEs in MATLAB
1: Euler, ODE1 ODE1 implements Euler's method. It provides an introduction to numerical methods for ODEs and to the MATLAB suite of ODE solvers. Exponential growth and compound interest are used as examples.
2: Midpoint Method, ODE2 ODE2 implements a midpoint method with two function evaluations per step. This method is twice as accurate as Euler's method. A nonlinear equation defining the sine function provides an example. An exercise involves implementing a trapezoid method.
3: Classical Runge-Kutta, ODE4 ODE4 implements the classic Runge-Kutta method, the most widely used numerical method for ODEs over the past 100 years. Its major shortcoming is the lack of an error estimate. A simple model of the growth of a flame is an example that is used.
4: Order, Naming Conventions The digits in the name of a MATLAB ODE solver reflect its order and resulting accuracy. A method is said to have order p if cutting the step size in half reduces the error in one step by a factor of two to the power p+1.
5: Estimating Error, ODE23 ODE23 compares 2nd and 3rd order methods to automatically choose the step size and maintain accuracy. It is the simplest MATLAB solver that has automatic error estimate and continuous interpolant. ODE23 is suitable for coarse accuracy requirements.
6: ODE45 ODE45 is usually the function of choice among the ODE solvers. It compares 4th and 5th order methods to estimate error and determine step size.
7: Stiffness, ODE23s, ODE15s A problem is said to be stiff if the solution being sought varies slowly, but there are nearby solutions that vary rapidly, so the numerical method must take small steps to obtain satisfactory results. The flame model demonstrates stiffness.
8: Systems of Equations An ODE involving higher order derivatives is rewritten as a vector system involving only first order derivatives. The classic Van der Pol nonlinear oscillator is provided as an example. The VdP equation becomes stiff as the parameter is increased.
9: The MATLAB ODE Suite The MATLAB documentation provides two charts summarizing the features of each of the seven functions in the MATLAB ODE suite.
10: Tumbling Box Throw a rectangular box with sides of three different lengths into the air. You can get the box to tumble stably about its longest axis or its shortest axis. But if you try to make it tumble about it middle axis, you will find the motion is unstable.
11: Predator-Prey Equations The classic Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey competition is a nonlinear system of two equations, where one species grows exponentially and the other decays exponentially in the absence of the other. The program "predprey" studies this model.
12: Lorenz Attractor and Chaos The Lorenz chaotic attractor was discovered by Edward Lorenz in 1963 when he was investigating a simplified model of atmospheric convection. It is a nonlinear system of three differential equations. The program "lorenzgui" studies this model.
Learn differential equations
Next in Series
7: Stiffness, ODE23s, ODE15s
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 9: The MATLAB ODE Suite
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 1: Euler, ODE1
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 12: Lorenz Attractor and Chaos
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 10: Tumbling Box
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 11: Predator-Prey Equations
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 5: Estimating Error, ODE23
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 2: Midpoint Method, ODE2
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 3: Classical Runge-Kutta, ODE4
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 4: Order, Naming Conventions
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 8: Systems of Equations
Solving ODEs in MATLAB, 7: Stiffness, ODE23s, ODE15s
Solving Linear Equations
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Taiwanese Actor Kai Ko Says No One Ever Recognises Him On The Streets Of Singapore
Turns out, it's pretty easy for a star to go incognito on the streets of Singapore. Well, according to Kai Ko, at least, who claims he has never been recognised by a fan while in Singapore, despite being a frequent visitor.
The actor, who shot to fame after starring in the 2011 coming-of-age movie You Are The Apple Of My Eye, saw his popularity plummet just three years later, when he and Jackie Chan's son, Jaycee Chan, were arrested for marijuana consumption in Beijing.
Since then, Kai has been on the slow but steady road to redemption, and was even nominated for Best Actor for his role in Road To Mandalay at the Golden Horse Awards in 2016.
On April 5, the 28-year-old actor took to Instagram to answer some fan questions, lamenting that because of the COVID-19 pandemic, he has been "wasting away at home, [and] about to grow mouldy."
He soon started firing off a series of rapid-fire answers to questions that were sent in, like how he's currently single, and that he would do a live stream video "once I slim down". When a fan asked for a recent selfie, Kai replied with a picture of a young Takuya Kimura in jest.
The actor, who was one of the foreign stars who graced the Star Awards in 2017, is also apparently quite fond of holidaying in Singapore.
But when a fan from Singapore sent in a question asking if he "misses his Singaporean fans", Kai replied: "I go to Singapore super often... but no one recognises me on the street".
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Our Founder: Leon N. Weiner
Renewal Housing Associates, LLC
Renewal: Bio Page
Renewal Expertise
Rural Housing Preservation Associates, LLC
RHPA: Bio Page
RHPA Expertise
Arbor Management
Arbor Management Properties Listing
Kevin Kelly Co-Managing Partner
Kevin P. Kelly is the Chairman of Leon N. Weiner & Associates, Inc. (LNWA), a homebuilding, development and property management firm based in Wilmington, Delaware.
LNWA and its affiliated companies have planned, constructed and developed more than 20,000 homes, market rate and affordable apartments, and commercial, retail and hotel properties throughout the Mid-Atlantic, New England and Ohio Valley regions. Arbor Management, an LNWA affiliate, operates more than 5,000 apartments in nine states. The company has been named the "National Multifamily Developer of the Year," and builder and developer of "America's Best Affordable For-Sale Housing Community," and many times, one of Delaware's "Top Work Places."
Throughout his career, Kevin has been a passionate advocate for the homebuilding industry at the local, state and national level. A life director of the Home Builders Association of Delaware (HBA/DE), he served two terms as its president and was twice named Delaware Builder of the Year.
At the national level, Kevin served as the 2014 Chairman of the Board of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). As Chair, he led numerous industry meetings at the White House with leadership of the Federal Reserve, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and with senior members of both houses of congress. Prior to being elected an officer of NAHB, Kevin served on its Executive Committee for more than a decade.
Kevin has also served as a member of Fannie Mae's Affordable Housing Advisory Council and HUD's Housing Affordability & Transportation Review Panel. In his home state, Kevin has chaired the Delaware Business Group, served as a member on the Delaware Public Policy Institute's Task Force on Growth; the Citizens' Advisory Board to the Governor's Cabinet Committee on State Planning; the Livable Delaware Committee; the Delaware Housing Policy Roundtable; and as a member of transition teams for two Delaware governors. He is currently a gubernatorial appointee to the Delaware Council on Development Finance.
Kevin is president and co-founder of the Leon N. Weiner Education Foundation. He has also served on the Board of Governors of the National Housing Conference, on the board of directors of Home Innovation Research Labs and Independent Living/CareLink, Inc., as a member of the New Castle County Housing Advisory Council, and a member of the board of Catholic Charities of the Diocese of Wilmington.
Kevin's advocacy for affordable housing and his leadership in the housing industry have been recognized by former Delaware Governor Jack Markell, both houses of the Delaware General Assembly and Delaware's congressional delegation.
Kevin graduated from St. Anselm College and has a master's degree in Public Administration from Suffolk University. He and his wife, Marcia, live in Delaware where they are active in their church and in several local community organizations that serve the homeless, the mentally and physically challenged, and victims of domestic violence.
David Curtis Co-Managing Partner
Dave Curtis has been with Leon N. Weiner and Associates, Inc. since 1982. Dave, with partner Kevin, is responsible for the overall leadership and direction of the company, managing both internal operations and external business relationships.
Dave has supervisory responsibility for the company's banking and equity partnerships and overall financial management. Dave also supervises human resource management, which encompasses over 190 associates in nine states. Dave oversees the operations of LNWA's property management arm, Arbor Management, which operates approximately 4,300 rent-restricted housing units developed by LNWA.
Dave is chief liaison to LNWA's acquisition/preservation affiliates, Renewal Housing Associates, LLC and Rural Housing Preservation Associates, LLC and is also responsible for maintaining and developing relationships with banks, government agencies, individual investors, and investment syndicates.
Dave served on the Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh from 1996-2002 and 2006-2008, serving as Chairman from 1999 to 2001. He is currently the Co-Chairman of the Mortgage Roundtable, a blue ribbon panel of 50 leaders from the housing finance industry, and is a member and past Chairman of the National Association of Homebuilders' (NAHB) Housing Finance Committee and the Investment Subcommittee of the NAHB Budget Committee. He is a frequent participant in Congressional and Senate hearings concerning housing finance and has been a frequent panelist, speaker, and moderator at various forums and programs on housing finance and affordable housing.
Dave holds a Master of Arts degree from the University of Delaware College of Urban Affairs, where he was a Graduate Fellow, and received its Distinguished Alumni Award in 2005.
Glenn Brooks President
Glenn Brooks is a member of the LNWA Board of Directors and is responsible for all phases of the firm's development activities. He has extensive experience identifying and investigating potential development sites and projects, including coordinating projects and overseeing and supervising brokers, appraisers, architects, engineers, environmental engineers, lawyers, and other professionals and contractors involved in evaluating project feasibility.
Glenn also coordinates the project entitlement process, including zoning and other land use approvals. His responsibilities also include project financing, including construction, permanent, bridge and other loan facilities, as well as equity investment. He has participated in the development and operation of real estate projects with a total value in excess of $500 million and debt financing of over $400 million, and he has helped raise almost $100 million in equity investments for LNWA.
Glenn served on the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh's Affordable Housing Advisory Council from 2004-2012 and served as Vice Chairman in 2006 and 2007 and Chairman in 2008, 2009, and 2010. He served as an ad-hoc member of the NAHB Military Housing Task Force in 2003. Glenn holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the College of William and Mary.
Christopher Bartges Vice President
In 1996, Chris Bartges was hired as the Secretary and Treasurer of LNWA. He currently serves as Vice President of Development and Corporate Secretary for LNWA, Arbor Management LLC, Renewal Housing Associates LLC, and Rural Housing Preservation Associates LLC.
Chris also serves as the Director of Portfolio Management for LNWA. In this capacity, he has directed capital transactions involving the company's portfolio of properties, including financial review and analysis, sale and acquisition of properties, and debt restructurings and refinancing.
Prior to joining LNWA, Chris was Assistant Vice President in the Real Estate Finance division of PNC Bank, Delaware, where he was responsible for credit analysis, credit department management, loan underwriting and relationship management.
Chris is a member of the Committee of 100, a business organization that promotes responsible economic development and addresses issues that affect Delaware's economic health. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business & Economics from Lehigh University.
Sean KellyVice President
Sean Kelly serves as Vice President of Development for LNWA and currently oversees affordable and market rate apartment development in the Mid-Atlantic states and Ohio.
Sean has extensive experience structuring complex real estate transactions with emphasis on combining tax credits with state, local, and private financing sources. Since joining LNWA in 2010, Sean has led development teams producing or preserving more than 1300 apartments in 5 states with total investment in excess of $200M.
Prior to joining LNWA, Sean held roles in the technology sector with Hewlett-Packard Enterprise and as an early employee at a venture capital backed startup.
Sean is a member of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) serving on the Housing Credit Group Advisory Board, the Multifamily Board of Trustees and holds the HCCP professional designation. Locally, Sean is a member of the Board of Directors for the DE Chapter of the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials (NAHRO) and is a member of the CDFI Advisory Board for Cinnaire. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Finance from the University of Pittsburgh and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Delaware.
Debra FinocchiaroVice President
Debbie Finocchiaro, CGB, is Director of Construction for LNW+A Construction Corp., a division of LNWA. Debbie joined LNWA in 1999 as a project manager, became Assistant Vice President of Construction in 2002, and was made Vice President and Director of Construction in 2004.
Debbie's responsibilities include overseeing and coordinating the Construction Department office and field operations; estimating and reviewing potential development projects; value engineering; developing scopes of work; scheduling; monitoring budgets and profit projections; and interfacing with housing agencies, local, state, and municipal authorities, and professional engineers. Her current and completed construction projects include residential, light construction, and commercial developments.
Prior to joining LNWA, Debbie held a senior project management position with Krapfcandoit Company for ten years. She attended Delaware Technical and Community College for Architectural Engineering/Project Management and has been a State of Delaware Certified Construction Reviewer since 1999. Debbie holds a current certification from the State of Delaware for Sediment and Stormwater Management, and in 2008 was certified by NAHB as a Green Builder.
One Fox Point Centre • 4 Denny Road • Wilmington, DE 19809 • Phone: 302.764.9430 • Fax: 302.761.2646


Find the best local Pest Control Service Pros in Mount Airy, MD. Get fast responses from on demand pros in your area.
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Governments and academic institutions vehemently deny such programs exist, yet the fact that for decades our atmosphere has been geoengineered by aircraft trails and ship trails is increasingly understood and acknowledge by a majority.
Although the recent news coverage on Harvard's geoengineering circus and American State University was a double slap in the face to many anti geoengineering activists, concepts such as or similar solar radiation management (SRM), stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) and marine cloud brightening (MCB) are finally being discussed by the broader community. More importantly is has caused many people to question what they have already been witnessing in their sky.
Personally, I believe Harvard formally announced its' 'hypothetical' plan to dim the sun (problem) to generate a flood of public concern (reaction), which will enable them to implement their plans for global governance of geoengineering programs (solution). Despite my personal opinion, the recent mainstream coverage concerning geoengineering may in fact be a positive development.
How on earth could it be positive?
We all know that voting systems these days are questionable to say the least, but now that geoengineering has been propelled into the mainstream arena political parties can be pressed to affirm the political party's view on the matter (in black and white).
Ask your local representatives about their level of understanding and opinion on geoengineering; do they support research and/or future deployment? If a representative is found to endorse geoengineering technology, this can be used to launch a social media campaign which will inform voters that if they vote for 'X' they are voting for geoengineering. If representatives are unaware of geoengineering, this would be a perfect time to provide them with information.
Even if your local representatives deny the ongoing geoengineering programs we currently witness in our sky, they can no longer deny that governments and members of academia, adorning their sophisticated facades and passive aggressive mentality, are and now openly, but coyly, calling for the 'official future deployment' of geoengineering technologies and for the creation of a global governing body.
Academics keep the public bewildered by claiming geoengineering is only in the research stages, yet, the same people often fail to mention that some of these research projects last for almost as long as Smith and Wagner's conjectural 'SAIL' program, which has a projected deployed lifespan of 15 years. Another detail which is often neglected is the fact that scientists and academic institutions were conducting outdoor experiments as early as the 1950's.
Also, it is well documented that for a decade or more psychologists, sociologists, public relations experts and even philosophers have been employed by governments and academic institutions to research public opinion, reactions, apprehensions and knowledge regarding geoengineering. Is such research into human behaviour and psyche what is driving the geoengineering narrative now promoted by mainstream?
Below is a list of relevant information and websites you may like to share with your local representatives (or anyone who would like to learn more about geoengineering).


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This resource has been developed by the British Council in partnership with the Royal Society. It provides scientific background information and learning activities on the issues surrounding food security, and the impact of a growing global population on food production.
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Robert Raymond (Jambes, 14 april 1930) is een Belgisch voormalig baanwielrenner.

Carrière
Raymond won in 1952 goud op de achtervolging bij de amateurs en nam datzelfde jaar deel aan de Olympische Spelen waar hij 5e werd in de ploegentijdrit. Het jaar erop won hij zilver in de achtervolging.

Erelijst

Belgisch baanwielrenner
Belgisch wielrenner
Belgisch olympisch deelnemer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The American Empress, the largest river ship west of the Mississippi, sails on the great rivers of the Pacific Northwest. Formerly operating as the Empress of the North, the ship underwent a multi-million dollar refurbishment. It still retains its Victorian riverboat character, but has been upgraded with many enhancements to the public areas.


text:
Ex-Yugo · 05. March 1993
LWF Aid to Croatia is Proving to be Innovative
Aid should prevent people from becoming refugees in the first place
The Lutheran World Federation's relief project for Croatia and Bosnia intends to make its mark through innovation rather than size: It's annual budget has not exceeded two million dollars. It's twin goals are increasing the "absorbative capacities" of existing housing and returning people to self-sufficiency. According to Dr. John Wood, the LWF Country Coordinator residing in Zagreb, "We must return as many people to normalcy now, before the international community and media have tired of the Yugoslav question." Concepts are more important than size. "Do we assist people now, or do we rather help them work their way out of a bad situation," he asks. "We have produced some models that can serve as a catalyzer for larger programs."
According to Wood, the German government spent $32 million to house nearly 5,000 people in prefabricated housing, yet LWF has been able to house 2,000 refugees in Neum, Herzegovina simply by restoring the broken glass in two tourist hotels. Total cost for this project approaches $200,000.
Wood is concerned that foodstuffs now be "prepositioned" in Bosnia for the coming winter: Many persons only became refugees because they were cut off from normal supply channels. "It's a pity that so many donor programs don't have a mandate to stop people from becoming refugees," he laments, "but only to help those who have already become refugees."
In villages south of Osijek in northeastern Croatia, Wood's models can be most readily examined. In Ivanovac, residents are repairing a school with LWF supplies. "We need families to return to the destroyed villages, and the opening of schools is a great incentive for them to return," explained Hermina Nikolaisen, German head of the LWF-office in Osijek. Free seed is also a major inducement for farmers: In Ivanovac and Nustar, which is near the destroyed city of Vukovar, LWF is supplying most of the seed required for this year's crop.
The LWF is donating building materials to restore dwellings only yards removed from the Serbian front lines in UN-controlled areas. "It would be moral and emotional torture to force these people to keep on waiting," Nikolaisen claimed. "They want to start rebuilding now, even if the war's outcome is far from certain."
Nikolaisen, only the second LWF worker in Croatia, described the identification of needy families to be her most trying hurdle. Thankfully, local Catholic clergymen have helped identify the needy and oversee the distribution of LWF-sponsored supplies.
Unfortunately, relations between LWF and the Croatian Lutheran church, which has its own relief agency, remain troubled. Senior Vlado Deutsch, the head of Croatian Lutherans, criticizes the fact
that Wood, a native of British Columbia, is neither Croatian nor Lutheran. Rev. Deutsch explained: "We think some of their people are unqualified. They have people who've done relief work in Somalia or Bangladesh who come here and attempt to work with the same methods. One shouldn't do that, these people don't understand us."
Nevertheless, LWF has been named the primary church relief coordinator for all Croatian-controlled territories; its counterpart in Serb-held territories is International Orthodox Christian Charity (IOCC), a relief agency of Orthodox churches based outside of Serbia.
Although Serbian-held territories hold approximately 800,000 refugees - Croatia hosts over a million -, Serbian agencies have been receiving no more than one-fourth of all church-sponsored relief aid. Finally in February, Lutherans in Serbia helped found "Ecumenical Humanitarian Aid", a relief agency working under the umbrella of the ecumenical council of Serbia. It will be based in Lutheran headquarters in Novi Sad, Voyvodina. Dr. Andrej Beredi, Bishop of the Lutheran Church in the Serbian province of Voyvodina, explained that this new agency will be ready to aid relief convoys when they appear at Serbian customs stations. It also intends to help refugees from Bosnia now living in Serbia; Bishop Beredi assured though that the agency hopes "to aid all those who are living in great need". Pensioners, who need to survive on a fixed income in an extremely inflationary economy, will be among their target groups.
Bill Steele, a Southern Baptist missionary from Georgia now living in Belgrade, maintained that relief efforts in Serbia lag at least a half year behind those in Croatia. "Serbian efforts are still restricted to food distribution," he explained, "but Croatian agencies have begun with food production. Six months ago, Croatia had more refugees and consequently greater relief needs, but
recently the needs among Bosnian Serbs have increased significantly."
The most respected church relief agency in Serbia, ADRA, is run by the 9,000-member Adventist church. Because it has small congregations spread throughout the entire country, it was able to quickly develop a distribution network unrivaled by any other church. Even the national Serbian Orthodox relief agency, Dobrotvor, resorted to Adventist channels in order to ship aid to Sarajevo. Thanks to a dearth of foreign aid, ADRA has been most active in transporting food parcel gifts from families in Belgrade to their relatives in all parts of Sarajevo. Rev. Jovan Lorencin, President of the Adventist church, notes that "Dobrotvor can send aid only as far as Serbian military lines reach." Yet, due to the fact that 3,000 additional Adventists live in Croatia and possess political contacts there, ADRA has been able to ship across battle lines.
Agencies such as World Vision and the Southern Baptist relief effort want to divide their aid 50-50 between Croatian- and Serbian-held territories. John Wood though takes a different tack. "This is a complicated moral issue," he concedes. "If everyone else has been kicked out of a Serb-held territory, should one then make it as comfortable as possible for those who have done the kicking? Many Croatians would see this simply as rewarding the Serbs for the atrocities they have been committing."
Bill Yoder
Berlin, March 5, 1993
Written for "The Lutheran" in Chicago, 940 words