text:
Hello < Poetry
Tags: #austria Words: austria
Creep Dec 2014
The Truth (Hetalia Fanfic written with the hella cool Ashley Mae Renton)
She's adorable. With her golden eyes and that cute laugh... If only she loved me back... If she'll come, maybe.
"Holy Rome!! ^^"
"Italy!"
She came!
"Holy Rome, what did you invite to this flower field for?"
"I just wanted to... enjoy the beautiful sight with you... build our alliance..."
"That sounds wonderful!" She picked flowers and sat down next to me.
"I picked you some flowers! Aren't they nice?"
"Yeah... They are pretty. Thank you."
She smiled in excitement and ran around the field. After a while, she got tired and sat down.
"Holy Rome! Look! The sunset!" She pointed at the sky.
The sky was orange and pink and we watched as it quickly set under the horizon.
After the sunset, Italy went home and left me all alone on the flower field, her flowers still in my hands. Another opportunity missed. To tell her I love her. To share my thoughts and feelings for her. For that romantic kiss during the sunset I was planning. Maybe next week.
I trudged home quickly and quietly, I just missed my moment to tell HRE how much I really love him... when i skipped through the vibrant field he brought me to, all i could think about was how he brought me here anyhow he was watching me the whole time... i could feel the red blood rushing to my cheeks, even now on the porch of austria as i sweep, just from thinking about HRE...
I sigh and continue to sweep, back and forth, back and forth, scampering all around the house, in a hazy daydream of HRE and me... oh how i love his tender smile... and the way he takes power and shows strength to all the other countries... I'm glad he and i are making an alliance... it gives me another excuse to see him :)
suddenly, i hear a crash.
"hey... italy..." a drunken austria walks into the room and staggers over to me. i look at him, frightened, as he leans down onto me, leaning on my shoulder and his mouth by my ear... he whispers "i love you italy..." he laughs a haggard laugh at my shocked face, his drunken alcoholic stench engulfing my nose with its smell and staggers back out the door where he came from.
I am left standing there with my broom to support me as i stare at the door, still so surprised, my mind whirring with so many thoughts....
Today I saw her again.
I volunteered to help her with her chores.
(at first I typed chairs ^^")
"Italy, um... do you need help... today?"
"Not right now Holy Rome, but maybe later."
**** IT. I lost my chance again.
"Now that you mention it, where do you keep the vacuum?"
"Oh, follow me."
I showed her the way to the closet and gave her the vacuum. "Here, this is what you wanted, right?"
"Yes thank you."
I watch her vacuum as I stand to the side out of the way. The way she sings while working, the silent vacuum makes it much easier to hear her. Her occasional smile at me makes me blush every time. The way she stops and pants, it's just... adorable.
"Holy Rome?"
I snapped out of my thoughts. "Huh?"
"Can you help me put this away?"
"Oh, sure."
"Okay! Thank you!"
She surprisingly has manners. If only she could teach some people those manners, because then this life would be a whole lot easier! But, after I helped her put the vacuum away, she turned around and KISSED me! She kissed me, **** it! She told me she was leaving soon to another country.
"But, you can't!" I said. I was so upset I couldn't handle it.
"I'm sorry... I have no choice." She looked as if she was about to cry.
"Hey, Italy. Even if we don't see each other again, just remember that I love you..."
"Okay, I will."
I gathered my items into a suitcase and left that day.
I miss him already... i left him with that confused and tearful face of his... oh how sad... i didn't tell him i love you... how could i forget? DX but i gave him the kiss... maybe he'll understand my true feelings for him....
with these jumbled thoughts, i leave for vienna... where i shall stay with austria, he has offered me work in his summerhouse, in exchange i get to stay in his house to sleep... hopefully i can become stronger in a new country, and be like HRE.. i sigh and shake away my dreamy, starry eyes.
After the trip, i finally arrive to austria's house. he greets me at the front door, with what i think was an attempt at a **** smile? I'm not sure what he has in mind, after the stun he pulled the other day when he was drunk. i push the thought away and focus on preparing the lavish dinner he has put me up to, with glazed duck confit, salads, soups, everything.
i set up the table and serve all the food in the main dining room table. he sits on one end and on the other end of the long table, theres an empty chair. he simply says, "Go get changed into something presentable, then come down here and join me for dinner."
I look at him in shock, quickly recover, and run up to my room to follow his orders.
I went home, seriously depressed and beaten. Why? She's so sweet and nice that it's just too sad to think about. Oh, Italy...
Wait, she said something about going to Austria's... that must mean forever! I was pretty sure that maybe she could come back one day. But I guess not now that I know exactly where she's going... she might not come back. I won't ever see her again. Our "goodbye" wasn't even long enough for a goodbye that meaningful... I wish I could say goodbye at least one more time.
I walk into my home and sit on the couch. I'm too depressed to do anything. I don't want to eat, I don't want to walk, I don't want to breathe but I have to...
I rush down to the dining room, with the finest tux that i own and sit down in the chair across from Austria. He looks at me with a new look i havent seen before... im not sure what it is but it seems... familiar.. in the creepiest way. i shyly look up at him as i tuck the tissue into my shirt. he watches me even more closely this time and i look away.
"why dont you have some pasta, italy?"
i greedily take some pasta, pour the heavenly marinara over the perfectly cooked noodles. it is divine, and i slurp up the noodles with a fervor so unmannered, i blush at my rudeness, but im too hungry to stop.
i can still feel his stare.
is it what i think it is...?
lust? 0~0
Now you have to eat, Holy Rome!
But I don't want to.
You have to!
I don't want to!!!!!!!
Fine. Just watch the plate of perfectly made pasta you made yourself right in front of you go to waste, then!
I sigh as I catch myself fighting with myself. "Had to be pasta, didn't it? HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE! YOU ARE SUCH A BAKA!" I yell at myself. I suddenly start remembering all the fun we had together. At the Neko Festival, where we dressed as cats and danced together. In the flower field a few days before.
I started humming "Draw A Circle" to cheer myself up. But then it just makes me remember when Italy and I made a duet of our own...
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk9nQzW30bI )
After I think about how much fun we've had together in the past, I think about her twin brother, Southern Italy. I've never met him before, but from what I hear from Austria, he sounds like a ****. I'm kind of glad that Italy doesn't have some of her childhood with him.
If Southern Italy is ruled by Austria and Italy is too...
I have to save her!
I have to force myself to stand.
STAND HRE!
I finally stand up and quickly run out the door. Italy! I have to save her! Please let her be safe! Safe from Southern Italy! PLEASE!
I blush and look down at my food. it can't be...
"how r u liking ur food, italy?" he asked with a weird smile and a strange tone to his voice...
i tentatively replied, "pasta is always good. um.... may i be excused? i have some work to get done?" he stared at me with a bit of disappointed, replying quietly, "whatever you need to do, my dear." i quickly left, all the while feeling his strong stare on my back. i shudder and hurry up the stairs and slam the door quickly, locking it as well.
well that was creepy. i wish HRE was here, he'd protect me and id be able to confide in him on what i think austria is up to.
I settle down on to my bed after i brush my teeth and change.
mmmm.... so soft.....
right before i settle off to sleep, i hear a sudden noise, a crash. i rush outside my room and quickly head to austrias room to see if he is ok.
"... mmmm oh italy is so cute.... i just want to kiss him sometimes.... and his cooking... simply marvelous..." muffled noises are heard from the room. i back up hesitantly, unsure what to do as i can see a faint outline of him holding a picture... of me. i back away slowly, completely freaked out. i try to escape his notice as quietly as possible.
too late.
"italy? is that you i hear, my dear?"
I stop, unsure what to do. austria comes out the room, still clutching the picture of me and wraps his arms around me. I stand stiff, incapable of moving.
"you look so **** in those pajamas of yours..." he whispers eerily into my ear. i turn red, and try to get out of his grasp,but he is too strong... he pulls me closer towards him and begins to kiss my neck...i gasp and squirm trying to get him too stop, but he just pushes me against the wall and pins me there. he starts tugging at my shirt and I struggle to break free.
suddenly a loud bang explodes through the hallway.
austria doesnt stop, he starts to take my shirt of, bit by bit, trailing a line of kisses and moans down to my now bare chest.
he whispers... "i see southern italy has arrived to help me..." he looks up, and gives me over to southern italy.
No! why?
I close my eyes shut, too scared too look.
Suddenly, another bang.
"who's this?" austria asks southern italy as southern italy continues to caress my pale, heaving chest, him moaning every so often.
"ITALY!" HRE yells as he comes to the rescue.
I open my eyes to see him charge at Austria.
I headbutted him. I kicked him. I scratched him. I did as much as I could to get him off of Italy. I pulled him away finally. Why the hell is Southern Italy here too?
"Southern Italy?!"
"What is it you *******?"
"Why are you here?"
"Because I feel like it!"
(All of this was happening as Austria is passed out on the floor!!!!)
Italy was standing there, her shirt off- WHAT?! I blocked my eyes so I could help put her shirt on without seeing anything.
"Why are you being so cautious?" Southern Italy asked/
"Huh? What do you mean?"
"You don't have to block your eyes..." Italy said. "Austria told me what was happening..."
"What?!"
Southern Italy sighed and said, "You idiotic *******! Italy is a guy!"
I froze. What? How? I couldn't move. I couldn't breathe. I looked at Italy with he- um... HIS shirt off, it's true... She's a boy.
I started to cry without warning and ran away. I couldn't bare it. I kissed him, I hugged him, I LOVED him! A guy! It's official...
:D hope you enjoy ^^ its a hetalia axis powers fan fiction with Ashley Mae Renton. she's awesome, check her out :D
thanks so much for keeping up with my craziness, Ashley ;) ^^
(italics is ashley, I'm bold)
#fanfiction #hetalia
RAJ NANDY Jul 2015
INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN VERSE
INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR
BY RAJ NANDY: PART ONE
"What passing-bells for those who die as cattle?
Only the monstrous anger of the guns.
Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle
Can patter out their hasty orisons."
-by Wilfred Owen, British Army Lt. killed in
action in France on 04th Nov 1918.
The Socialists called it the 'Imperialist's War',
and it was the 'Trench War' for the soldiers;
But Europe hailed it as 'The War to End All Wars',
Expecting it to end prior to 1914's Christmas!
But alas, it soon became a mighty global war
fueled by national and ethnic aspirations and
territorial lust!
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, heir
to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, -
On the 28thof June 1914 at Sarajevo, was the
spark which triggered off this great catastrophe!
During 1876 when German Chancellor Bismarck
was asked about chances of an European War at
a future date;
He felt that Europe was like a big store house of
gunpowder keg!
While pointing to the volatile BALKANS he had said,
That European leaders were smoking in an arsenal,
where a small spark could cause a mighty explosion!
And 38 years later the world had witnessed,
Bismarck's unfortunate prediction!
This war ended on 11th of November 1918, after a
four and half year's long duration;
With 16.5 million military and civilian deaths, and
many more wounded and missing in action!
For the War had spread beyond the traditional
killing fields,
Killing many innocent civilians following the
bombing raids by German Zeppelins!
Now, before proceeding further some background
information here becomes necessary,
To understand the socio-political events leading
to the unfolding of this Great War Story!
PRELUDE TO THE GREAT WAR
The Nationalistic fervor aroused by Napoleon,
And the February Revolution of 1848 in France,
Inspired Europe's inhabitants to preserve their
ethnic and racial identities, without leaving
things to chance!
The Italian and German unification, and the
Hapsburg Austro-Hungarian polarization,
Aroused the expectations of the Slavic people,
Who remained spread all over Central and
Eastern Europe!
The various ethnic groups forming the Slavic race,
Always dreamt of an independent Balkan State!
CAUSES FOR 'THE GREAT WAR'
Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarization, Alliances,
and finally the assassination of the Archduke
Ferdinand,
Are the five main causes for this war, which is
generally mentioned by our Historians!
However, I shall now try to acquaint you briefly,
With some relevant events from our recorded
BRITISH IMPERIALISM:
Towards the turn of the 20th century Britain was
the dominant global imperial power;
And since the mid-19th Century it was seen that
the sun never set over the British Empire!
The British had a vast mercantile and a naval fleet,
To trade with, and administer their far flung colonies.
At the turn of the 20th Century the British Navy was
changing over from steam to oil power like other
big nations;
So the oil fields of the Middle East was important
for British militarization.
Also passage through the Suez Canal was vital for
maintaining their colonial possessions!
These facts will get linked up in Part Two of my
later composition!
GERMAN NATIONALISM:
The nationalistic fervor aroused in Germany
since Chancellor Bismarck's days,
Made the Germans try to outstrip the British
in many ways!
This fervor was reflected in Goethe's poetry and
through Richard Wagner's musical notes;
Between 1898 and 1912 five Naval Laws were
passed in the German Reichstag, by majority
votes,
For building battleships, cruisers, and 96 torpedo
boats;
Which later became a scourge for Allied and
British shipping, known as the U-Boats!
The German nationalism and militarization went
hand in hand during those days,
While her industrialization also progressed at a
rapid pace.
Kaiser Wilhelm II had sought "a place in the sun"
by trying to outstrip the British in the arms race!
Statistic show more number of German scientists
had received the Noble Prize for their inventions,
Between this period and World War- II, when
compared with the combined winners of other
Western nations!
AUSTRIA-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY:
In 1867 by a comprising agreement between
Vienna and Budapest the capital cities,
The Austro-Hungarian kingdom became a Dual
Monarchy!
Many ethnic groups had composed this Monarchy
in those early days as we see;
With Germans, Hungarians, Romanians, and Slavic
people like the Czechs, Poles, Croats, Slovaks,
Serbs, and the Slovenes!
While the Austrian Officers of this Monarchy spoke
German, the majority of the soldiers were Hungarians,
Czechs, Slovaks, who never spoke German!
So the soldiers were taught 68 single-words of
German commands,
For the Austro-Hungarian Imperial Army to function
collectively as one!
While Francis Joseph their sovereign and emperor,
aspired to become a strong centralized European
power.
But out of the 50 million people of this Monarchy
around 23 million were Slavs,
Who always dreamed of an independent Slavic
Kingdom in the Balkans!
THE BALKANS & THE KINGDOM OF SERBIA
After the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas of
Europe, the BALKAN peninsular is seen to be
lying in Europe's extreme south east, -
South of the Danube and Sava River, bounded
in the west by the Adriatic and Ionian Sea.
In the east is the Aegean and Black Sea,
With the Mediterranean Sea in the south, -
washing the tip formed by Greece with its many
islands around!
Now much of the Balkan areas were under the
Ottoman Empire since early 14th Century;
And here I cut across many centuries of past
European History!
Following a series of revolutions since 1804
against the Turks,
The Principality of Serbia was carved out in the
area of the Balkans!
A new constitution in 1869 defined it as an
independent State of Serbia;
Was internationally recognized at the Treaty
of Berlin in 1878, to later become the Kingdom
of Serbia!
This kingdom was located south adjoining the
Monarchy of Austro-Hungarians, much to their
annoyance those days,
Since the Kingdom of Serbia was looked upon
as a 'beacon of liberty' by the Southern Slavic
race!
THE BOSNIAN CRISIS (1908-1909)
This dual provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
in the Balkans,
Were formally under the control of the
Ottoman Sultan.
With permission of the Congress of Berlin in
1878, it was administered by Austria-Hungary;
Though the legal rights remained with Turkey!
But the Slavic population present there had
Nationalistic ambitions,
Aspired to join the Slavs in nearby Kingdom of
Serbia, to form a pan-Slavic nation!
The Slavic population in Austria-Hungary, also
entertained such dreams wistfully!
Now in 1908 a 'Young Turk Movement' based
at Macedonia,
Had planned to replace the absolute Turkish
rule in Bosnia!
And by modernizing the Constitution hoped
to rejuvenate the sick Ottoman Empire.
These developments set alarm bells ringing
in Austrian capital Vienna!
So on the 6th of October 1908 they quickly
annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina!
After having lost a war with Japan, and following
an internal Revolution of 1905 the Russians,
Prevented an escalation by staying out of the
Bosnian Crisis!
But the annexation of Bosnia had angered the
Serbs greatly,
So they started to train secret terrorist groups to
liberate Bosnia from Austria-Hungary!
These terrorist groups operated in small cells,
Under the leadership of Col. Dimitrijevic, also
known as the 'Apis' those days.
Now, a secret cell called the 'Black Hand' operated
in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo with Gavrilo
Princep as one of its members;
Who was trained and equipped in Serbia along
with other 'Black Hand' members.
The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy had remained
distressed about these subversive activities by
the Slavic race!
So in Jan 1909 they obtained the unconditional
support from Germany, in the event of a war
with Serbia even if Austria was the aggressor!
And also secretly hoped in a war to annex
Serbian territory!
For in the two Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913,
Serbia had greatly extended its territory to
become a powerful adversary!
Serbia had also obtained an assurance from
its protector Russia, should a war break out with
Austria!
Now, as tension mounted upsetting the delicate
balance of power in the Balkans gradually,
Archduke Franz Ferdinand with his wife Sophie,
planned to visit Sarajevo from Austria-Hungary!
It was a God sent moment for the secret
organization the 'Black Hand',
To plan the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand!
THE ASSASSINATION: SARAJEVO 28TH JUNE 1914
Now when I look back in time I pause to wonder,
How such an amateurish assassination plot could
have ever succeeded,
Without the cruel hands of destiny and fate!
The 28th of June was a bright summer's St. Vitus
Day and a holiday in Serbia;
And also the 14th marriage anniversary of Franz
Fernandez and his wife Sophia!
Several assassins were positioned along the route,
Which was to be taken by the Archduke!
While the motorcade proceeded to the Town Hall
a bomb was thrown,
Which bounced off the rear of Archduke's car,
Injuring few bystanders and a passenger in the
rear car!
The Archduke however refused to cancel his trip,
Saying that it was the act of some lunatic!
After completion of the Town Hall ceremony, the
Archduke wanted a change of plan deviating from
the laid down route;
By wanting to visit the patients in the hospital,
Injured by the bomb which had struck his cars
rear hood!
But the Czech driver was not briefed and took
a wrong turn by mistake;
Reversed trying to correct himself, stalled the car
stoppling next to Gavrilo Princep!
Presenting Princep with a stationary target, a
cruel work of destiny and fate!
Prince pulled out his pistol and fired two shots
at a point blank range, killing both Ferdinand
and wife Sophie;
When Ferdinand cried out ''Sophie, Sophie,
don't die, live for the children'', - words which
now remain enshrined in History!
TRIAL OF PRINCEP & THE CONSPIRATORS
The trial began in a military court on 12th of
October at Sarajevo,
With three judges and no jury, when Princep
pleaded 'Not Guilty'!
Killing of Duchess Sophie was an unplanned
accident,
Since he wanted to **** the Governor instead!
He claimed to be a Serbian nationalist working
for the unification of the Slavic race,
and detested the annexation of Bosnia by the
Austo-Hungarians!
Along with 15 other accused, Princep was found
guilty of high treason;
But being underage, was sentenced to 20 years
labour in prison.
But died three year's later from tuberculosis!
CONCLUDING PART ONE
''Blow out, you bugles, over the rich Dead!
There's none of these so lonely and poor of old,
But dying, has made us rarer gifts than gold."
-Rupert Brook, part of the British Naval Expeditionary
Force, buried in Skyros, Greece 1914.
Now, looking back over a hundred years in
hindsight I do realize,
That this assassination was not the immediate
cause or the spark which triggered this War,
But only an excuse and a pretext for the
Austro-Hungarians to carve up Serbia,
And distribute those territories between
Allies and friends of Austria;
Also enhance the prestige of their Empire!
Since the war had commenced almost two
months after the Archduke's assassination,
Austria had lost the high moral ground for
vengeance with righteous indignation!
It was a cynical and a predetermined plan
of Austria in connivance with Germany,
To destroy Serbia and squash the hopes of
Slavic people for a pan-Slavic State, - as we
now get to see!
This war ended with the dissolution of four old
Empires of the Austro-Hungarians, Ottomans,
Tsarist Russians, and the Germans!
While new nations of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia,
Austria, and Hungary, got created from the
dissolved Empire of Austria-Hungary.
Russia gave up lands creating Finland, Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania.
The Ottomans gave up lands in SW Asia and the
Middle East, and in Europe retained only Turkey!
Thus this Great War had creating new nation states,
And gave Europe its new revamped face!
Composed by Raj Nandy of New Delhi,
Thanks for reading patiently!
TO BE CONTINUED LATER AS PART TWO
**ALL COPY RIGHTS ARE WITH THE AUTHOR
Dear Readers, this is a product of three weeks of my research work, put across in simplified verse! Hope to compose Part Two at a later date, and tell you about trench warfare & the poems composed about this War! On the 28th of June 2015, 101 years of this First World War was completed! Kindly give Comments only after reading in your spare time, for this Great War took place during our grandfather's time! Thanks! -Raj
RAJ NANDY Sep 2018
RISE OF THE THIRD REICH : STORY OF SECOND WORLD WAR
RISE OF THE THIRD ***** : STORY OF SECOND WORLD WAR
Dear Poet Friends, Torin Galleshaw from Charlotte NC, a Member of this Site, had requested me to compose about the Rise of Third *****. Therefore, I have commenced with the causes for its Rise in my Part One posted below. Planning to compose Part Two with ******'s Blitzkrieg campaign of Poland later. It is unfortunate that I am unable to post related Maps & Photos for better appreciation of my Readers! Such options are not available for us here! However, I have managed to post a copy with maps & photos in the E-mail ID of my friend Torin! Kindly give comments only after reading this researched work of mine, during your spare time. Thanking you, - Raj, New Delhi.
STORY OF SECOND WORLD WAR – PART ONE
RISE OF THE THIRD *****
By Raj Nandy
In this part I shall mainly deal with the causes leading to the Second World War,
Which had also created favourable conditions for the rise of Third ***** under ******.
The word '*****' derives from old German word 'rihhi' meaning 'realm';
But is also used to designate a kingdom or an empire in a broader sense.
Historically, the First ***** was the Medieval Holy Roman Empire which lasted till the end of the 19th Century.
While the Second ***** was the First German Empire from 1871 to 1918, when dynamic Otto Von Bismark had united all of Germany,
Which ended with its defeat in World War One and birth of the Weimar Republic.
The Third ***** refers to the **** German Empire under ******, Which lasted from 1933 till 1945, for twelve traumatic eventful years!
Historians opine that the ending of a war is equally important as
its beginning;
Since the causes for the start of a war is often to be found embedded in its ending!
The First World War came to an end on 28th of June 1919 as we all know.
With the signing of the Treaty at Versailles by the German Foreign Minister Hermann Muller and the 'Big Four'. (Britain, France, America, & Italy)
Yet it is rather ironical, that this Peace Treaty of Versailles, considered as President Woodrow Wilson's 'brain child',
Had sowed the seeds of discontent resulting in the outbreak of the Second World War, and Adolf ******'s dramatic rise!
Though several causes are attributed for the outbreak of the Second World War by our Military Historians.
Let me try to summarise those causes which are considered to be more relevant.
Commencing with the harsh Treaty of Versailles, the British and French Policy of Appeasement, followed by Hyperinflation and the Great Depression of 1929, and failure of The League of Nations to maintain peace;
Are relevant factors which collectively combined resulting in the outbreak of the devastating Second World War, scarring human memories for all time!
But not forgetting ******'s forceful and persuasive eloquence which mesmerised the Germans to rise up as a powerful Nation once again.
Since ****** promised to avenge the humiliation faced by Germany following the Treaty of Versailles,
Which was drawn up with vengeance, and dictated by the victorious Allies!
THE ARMISTICE AND TREATY OF VERSAILLES:
Armistice means a truce for cessation of hostilities, which provides a breathing space for negotiating a lasting peace.
Now the Armistice ceasing the First World War was signed inside the railway carriage of the Allied Supreme Commander Marshal Foch, in the Forest of Compiegne,
On the 11th of November 1919, sixty km north of Paris, between the victorious Allies and vanquished Germany.
But in the meantime naval blockade of Germany had continued, and the German Rhineland was evacuated and partly occupied by the combined Allied troops!
Release of Allied POWs interned civilians followed subsequently; And the Reparations Clause of monetary compensation was strictly imposed on Germany!
Now, following a wide spread German Sailor's Revolt towards the end of October 1918, Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm-II had abdicated;
And on the 9th of November Friedrich Ebert, as the new Social Democrat President of Germany, authorised his representative to sign the Compiegne Armistice.
We should remember here that this Armistice seeking cessation of hostilities did not stipulate any unconditional surrender;
And the signing of the Armistice by the German Social Democrats, was considered as 'a stab in the back of the German army' by majority of the Germans!
These issues get repeatedly mentioned by Adolf ****** in his eloquent speeches subsequently,
To arouse the spirit of German Nationalism, and resurgence of the 'Master Aryan Race' of the Germans, - in Germany!
The Versailles Treaty was signed on 28th of June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand which had sparked World War One.
Let me mention few aspects of this Treaty which was detested by the Germans!
Germany lost 13% of its land, 12% of its people, 48% of its iron resources, 15% of its agricultural production, and 10% of its coal, following its implementation!
German army was reduced to 100,000 men, its Navy reduced to 36 ships with no submarines, its Air Force banned, and its union with Austria forbidden.
Now to use a Shakespearean phrase the 'unkindest cut of all' came in the shape of Article 231, the 'War Guilt Clause' of the Versailles Treaty,
Which provided the legal basis for the payment of war reparations by Germany.
The reparation amount of 132 billion gold marks (US $33 billion) to cover the civilian damage caused during the war, now had to be paid by Germany!
Thus the humiliation, resentment, and the virtual economic strangulation following the Versailles Treaty,
Was exploited by extremist groups such as ******'s **** Party.
And in the decades to follow, ******'s Nazis would take full control of Germany!
NOTES: Following Versailles Treaty, Alsace-Lorraine captured by Germany in 1870 was returned to France. The SAAR German coalfield region was give to France for 15 yrs. Poland became independent with a corridor to the sea dividing Germany into two. Danzing, a major port in East Prussia, became a free city under the League of Nation. Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, & Czechoslovakia became independent. Industrial area of German Rhineland, forming a buffer zone between Belgium &France,was
demilitarised.
WOODROW WILSON'S 14 - POINT PEACE INITIATIVE & THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS:
American President Wilson was an idealist and a visionary, who in a speech to the US Congress on 8th Jan 1918,
Introduced a 14 Point Charter as a platform for building global peace, based on the principles of transparency, self-determination, and Democracy.
But for the first time in US history, the Republican-led US Senate rejected this Peace Treaty, and prevented America from joining the newly created League!
The US Senate wanted to retain its sovereignty without external entanglements;
Free from the League of Nation's political dictates in its foreign commitments!
The Irish immigrants refused to support Wilson's Fourteen Points because Wilson was concerned about stopping WWI, rather than forcing the British to set Ireland free.
Many Jews also refused to back Wilson, since he was paying too much attention to the War, and not enough to the Balfour Declaration of 02 Nov 1917, -
Which promised an Independent Jewish State with a distinct Jewish identity.
The League of Nations had emerged from Wilson's 14 Points on the 10th Jan 1920, with its HQs at Geneva, Switzerland, but it had no peacekeeping forces those days!
The League had failed to prevent invasion of Chinese Manchuria in 1932 by Japan;
Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935; annexation of Sudetenland and Austria by Germany!
The Axis countries Germany, Italy, and Japan, withdrew from the League subsequently.
Thus the League of Nations was disbanded in 1946 officially!
But President Wilson's ceaseless efforts for global peace did not go unrecognised,
Since on the 10th of December 1920, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize!
While his disbanded League of Nations, as the first global humanitarian organisation,
Continued to survive in spirit with the establishment of United Nations Organisation on the 24th October, 1945.
ECONOMIC CAUSES - FOLLOWED BY THE GREAT DEPRESSION OF 1929 :
Germany emerged from the First World War with loss of 25,000 square miles of territory;
Loss of seven million inhabitants, and a staggering debt imposed by the Versailles Treaty!
The Wiemar Republic, after abdication of Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm-II to Holland,
For the first time in German history, established a Democratic Constitution with Friedrich Ebert as its first President.
But The Republic first had to consolidate itself by squashing the Spartacist Revolt of January 1919 led by the extreme Leftists, and inspired by the Russian Bolshevik Communists!
The Freikorps, in March 1920, an Ex-Soldiers Rightist Group, tried to overthrow the Wiemar Republic with support of their Rightist allies and their own veteran troops!
This was soon followed by a Communist attempt to takeover of the Industrial Rhur;
But fortunately, all these uprisings against the Republic were effectively subdued!
But the 33 Billion Dollars of Reparations hung over the Wiemar Republic like the legendary 'Sword of Damocles', followed by the Great Depression of 1929;
Coupled with the 'Policy of Appeasement' practised by the British and the French;
Became the most important causes for ******'s expansionist ambition and his short- lived meteoric rise to fame!
GERMAN PAPER CURRENCY & HYPERINFLATION:
Gold Mark was the currency used by the German Empire from 1873 to 1914 only.
But to pay for the costs of the ongoing First World War, Germany suspended the gold standard, and decided to fund the war by Borrowings entirely,
Hoping to pay back the loans after Germany achieves Victory.
But having lost the war, and faced with a massive debt imposed by the Allies,
Exchange rate of the Mark against the US Dollar steadily devalued and declined!
Papiermark became the German currency from 04th August 1914 onward, when link between the Mark and gold reserve was abandoned,
In order to pay for the ongoing expenses of the First World War with paper marks, which was constantly being printed!
But later after the war, when the London Ultimatum of May 1921 demanded payment of war reparations in gold or in foreign currency only,
Even more paper marks got printed by the Republic to buy those foreign currency !
By December 1922 hyper-inflationary trends emerged, when the US Dollar became equivalent to 7,400 German Marks, with a 15-fold increase in the cost of living !
By the fall of 1922 when it became impossible for Germany to make further payments,
The French and Belgium armies occupied Germany's Ruhr Valley area, its prime industrial region!
French and the Belgians hoped to extract payment in kind, but a strike by the workers of the Ruhr area their hopes belied!
The Wiemar Republic printed more paper notes to pay and support the workers of the Ruhr area,
When hyperinflation had peaked at 4,210,500,000,000 German Marks, to a US Dollar!
Paper currency having become worthless, some form of ancient barter system began to be used instead!
STABILISATION OF GERMAN ECONOMY WITH ONSET OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION:
Following the hyperinflation Chancellor Josef Cuno's cabinet resigned in August 1923,
When Gustav Stresemann became the new Chancellor of Germany.
Stresemann's Government had introduced the Rentenmark as a new stable currency,
To end the hyperinflation which had plagued Wiemar Germany.
Rentenmark was backed by real goods, agricultural land and business,
Since gold was not available in a beleaguered German economy those days!
When One Rentenmark was equivalent to One million, million, old German Mark;
While One US Dollar was equivalent to only 4.2 Rentenmarks.
Though Stresemann's Government lasted for 100 days only, Stresemann continued to serve as the Foreign Minister in successive Coalition Governments of the Republic,
Till his death in the month of October 1929, but working for the betterment of Germany all the while!
His 'Policy of Fulfilment' stabilised German economy with a 200 Million Dollars loan from America under the Dawes Plan in 1924,
Which had also ensured the evacuation of France from the occupied Ruhr area, with their future reparations payments ensured.
Stresemann's signing of the Locarno Pact in London on 1st Dec 1925 with France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy, was considered as his achievement and a feat!
Since it made Germany to enter the League of Nations ensuring stability and peace;
While the Noble Peace Prize was awarded to Stresemann for his efforts in 1926!
Later, the Young Plan of 1929 further reduced German reparations payment by 20%, while extending the time frame for the payments to 59 years!
But following a sudden Wall Street Stock Market Crash in late October of 1929,
The American Banks were forced to recall money from Europe and the Young Plan;.
Which created acute financial distress when unemployment soared to 33.7% in Germany in 1931, and quickly rose to 40% during the following year!
Lausanne Conference was held in Switzerland in 1932 by Great Britain, Germany, and France, to further reduce the War Debts imposed by the Versailles Treaty.
But in Dec 1932, the US Congress had rejected this Allied War Debt Reduction Plan completely.
However, no further payments were made by Germany due to the Great Depression;
And by 1932, Germany had paid only 1/8 of the total sum required to be paid as per their pending wartime reparations!
NOTES: Rentenmark was issued on 15 October 1923 to stop the hyperinflation in Wiemeer Germany. Reichmark was the currency in Germany from 1924 to 20 June 1948 in West Germany , when it was replaced by the Deutsche Mark; but had continued in East Germany until 23 June when it was replaced by East German Mark.
During the Stresemann Years of Stability from 1924 to 1929, (prior to the onset of the Great Depression), with help of American financial aid, created more housing & production in Germany. Dada & Expressionist Art forms flourished, followed by modern architecture; also the Philosophy of Existentialism of Thomas Mann – influenced the Western culture. Paul Whiteman's Band for the first time brought in American Jazz to Germany, and Jazz signified the liberation of German youth and women folks of the younger generation generally. But the US Stock Market Crash had unfortunately ended this short lived euphoria, and as it soon became a global phenomena!
FAILURE OF THE WIEMAR REPUBLIC & THE GREAT DEPRESSION WHICH BENEFITED THE NAZIS:
Last Days of Wiemar Republic:
Ever since Otto Von Bismarck that 'Man of iron and steel', united Germany into a single Empire in the year Eighteen Hundred & Seventy One,
For the first time a Constitution for a Parliamentary Democracy was drawn up in August 1919, in the eastern German city of Wiemar.
Wiemar was the intellectual centre of Germany associated with musicians like Franz List, and writers like Goethe and Schiller.
The Wiemar Republic of Germany which had lasted from 1919 till 1933 had seen,
20 different Coalition Governments, with frequent elections and changing loyalties!
Due to a system of proportional representations, and the presence of very many political parties those days,
No single party could obtain absolute sole majority in the Reichstag Parliament!
The longest Coalition Govt. was under Chancellor Bruning, which had lasted for only 2 years and 61 days! (From 30 March 1930 to 30 May 1932)
Now, to understand the reasons for the failure to maintain a Democratic form of Government by the Wiemar Republic,
It becomes necessary to monitor its 'dying gasps' during its closing years so to speak!
Since faced with the economic depression Chancellor Bruning had worsened the unemployment situation by adopting stringent and unpopular measures!
Thereby having lost popular political support, Bruning with the approval of President Hindenburg, invoked emergency powers under Article 48, to survive his last few months and years!
During the years 1931 and 1932 it is seen, Bruning had used this Emergency Clause 44 and 66 times respectively!
Thus his so-called 'Presidential form of Govt.' had undermined Wiemar Democracy!
If Burning was the 'Republic's Undertaker', now remains a debatable issue of History!
But Burning's vigorous campaign made Hindenburg to get re-elected as the President;
Thereby he had removed the defeated Adolf ****** out of the Presidential race!
Therefore, later when ****** became the Chancellor on 30 Jan 1933, Bruning had very wisely fled from Germany!
Following Bruning's resignation in May 1932 came Chancellor Papen's 'Cabinet of Barons' consisting of individuals who were not members of the German Reichstag!
While in the election of July 1932 ******'s **** Party won 230 seats, making it the largest party in the Reichstag.
But ****** refused to form a coalition with Papen, because he wanted to become the Chancellor himself !
Now General von Schleicher advised President Hindenburg that the German Army,
Would not accept Papen's use of Article 48 to remain as the Chancellor of Germany!
Therefore following Papen's resignation, Schleicher took over on the 04th of December 1932 as the new German Chancellor.
Schleicher tried to restore a democratic form of government to get the Wiemar Republic back on its feet.
But in the ensuing political power struggle Papen wanted to take revenge on Schleicher for his removal from power and defeat.
So Papen persuaded Adolf ****** to become the Chancellor, and retain for himself the post of Vice-Chancellor.
In doing so, Papen mistakenly thought that he would be able to reign in the self-assertive Adolf ******!
Papen finally made President Hindenburg agree to his proposal, and on 30th of Jan 1933,
****** became the New Chancellor, with approval of the President!
A month later a sudden fire in the Reichstag made ****** invoke Article 48, in order to squash the suspected Left Wing Communists;
But while doing so, the Press was muzzled, and many Civil Rights of the German people were abolished, inclusive of their right of assembly and free speech!
****** acted swiftly, and by passing the Enabling Act on 23 March, 1933, armed himself with dictatorial powers for enacting laws without the approval of the Reichstag whenever necessary!
Thereby ****** threw Democracy to History's wasteland most unfortunately!
Following the death of Hindenburg on 29 June 1934, ****** combined the powers of the President and the Chancellor, and became known as the FUHRER!
Historians generally agree the Enabling Act of 1933, as the date for establishment of The German Third *****.
THE POLICY OF APPEASEMENT AND GERMAN AGGRESSION:
The horrors of trench warfare with the rattling of machine guns and bursting of poisonous nerve gas shells,
Even after 20 years remained fresh, in the minds of all World War One participants!
Therefore, it was natural for British and French Prime Ministers Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier initially,
To grant political and material concessions to an aggressive Germany, for the sake of peace and stability.
Thus the diplomatic stance of Appeasement between 1935 and 1939 followed by the French and the British, was mainly to avoid another dangerous armed conflict!
But the trusting Mr. Chamberlain had underestimated ******, who had served in the German Army as a Corporal, winning the Iron Cross during the last Great War!
****** was not afraid of war, but wanted to avenge the Treaty of Versailles and its punitive dictated peace;
And also establish for the superior German Aryan race a lasting Third *****!
Therefore, having consolidated his power as the Fuhrer along with his trusted **** Party cronies, he withdrew from the League of Nations in October 1933.
Introduced conscription in March 1935 in Germany, and embarked on a mission to rebuild a new modernised German Army for combat on land, air, and sea!
In March 1936, in another open violation of the Versailles Treaty, ****** re-occupied the demilitarised Rhineland, followed by a Treaty of Alliance with Japan and Italy.
The much desired Anschluss (or merger) with Austria, the country of birth of ******,
Saw the German Army in March 1938, triumphantly and peacefully marching into Vienna!
Now with the Munich Conference of 19 September 1938, this Policy of Appeasement is said to have reached its climatic peak!
The Sudetenland area, consisted of 3 million Germans were made
to join Czechoslovakia when the frontiers were drawn in 1918-19,
Much against the wishes of the Germans!
When ****** wanted to annex this Sudetenland area, Britain, France, Germany and Italy, met at Munich to diffuse an explosive situation peacefully.
It was agreed at Munich that once Sudetenland joins Germany, ****** will not invade Czechoslovakia and honour the terms of peace.
But on 15th March 1939, in violation of the Munich Agreement, ******'s army invade and occupied Czechoslovakia, thereby openly flouting the Policy of Appeasement!
NOTES: ******'s desire for 'LEBENSRAUM' or 'increase of living space' for the Germans, commenced with his 'Border Wars', which soon turned into a Global War because of the 'appeasement policy' of the Allies. ****** had secured his Eastern Front with a treaty with the Stalin, since fighting on two fronts would have been very difficult for the Germans.
Now when ******'s army invaded Poland on 1st of September 1939, it became 'the last straw on the camel's back' for the Western Allies!
Committed to the Anglo-Polish Defence Pact of 25 August, 1939, both Britain and France declared war on Germany,
Which I propose to narrate in Part Two of my Second World War Story.
The Policy of Appeasement no doubt gave some time for Britain, to regain its depleted military strength, but Adolf ****** had viewed it as a sign of weakness!
With Russia and America initially as non-participants, ****** became more confident and arrogant!
Thereby turning his border wars into a global conflagration lasting six long years.
When the use of advanced technology, resulted in greater loss and casualties;
Which was followed by the holocaust and unprecedented human suffering!
I would like to conclude my present narration with a poem by English soldier-poet Seigfried Sassoon, who participated in the First World War on the Western Front.
DREAMERS - by Siegfried Sassoon
Soldiers are citizens of death's gray land,
Drawing no dividend from time's to-morrows.
In the great hour of destiny they stand,
Each with his feuds, and jealousies, and sorrows.
Soldiers are sworn to action; they must win
Some flaming, fatal ****** with their lives.
Soldiers are dreamers; when the guns begin
They think of firelit homes, clean beds, and wives.
I see them in foul dug-outs, gnawed by rats,
And in the ruined trenches, lashed with rain,
Dreaming of things they did with ***** and bats,
And mocked by hopeless longing to regain
Bank-holidays, and picture shows, and spats,
And going to the office in the train.
Thanks for reading patiently, from Raj Nandy of New Delhi.
*ALL COPYRIGHTS ARE WITH THE AUTHOR ONLY
Susan Adele Wiggins Dec 2018
THE WHORE WAR CANTOS
THE ***** WAR CANTOS
One night at the Troubadour I spotted this extraordinary girl.
So I asked who she was.
'A professional,'
That was my introduction that on a scale of one to ten
there were women who were fifteens—beautiful, bright, witty, and
oh, by the way, they worked.
Once I became aware,
I saw these women everywhere.
And I came to learn that most of them were connected to Alex
She had a printer engrave a calling card
that featured a bird of paradise
borrowed from a Tiffany silver pattern
under it,
Alex's Aviary,
Beautiful and Exotic birds.
A few were women you'd see lunching at Le Dôme:
pampered arm pieces with expensive tastes
and a hint of a delicious but remote sexuality.
Many more were fresh-faced, athletic, tanned, freckled
the quintessential California girl
That you'd take for sorority queens or future BMW owners.
The mechanism of Alex's sudden notoriety is byzantine,
as these things always are.
One of her girls took up with a rotter,
the couple had a fight,
he went to the police,
the police had an undercover detective visit
(who just happened to be an attractive woman)
and ask to work for her,
she all but embraced her
—and by April of 1988 the district attorney had enough evidence
to charge her with two counts of pandering
and one of pimping.
For Alex, who is fifty-six
and has a heart condition and diabetes,
the stakes may be high.
A conviction carries the guarantee of incarceration.
For the forces of law and order,
the stakes may be higher.
Alex has let it be known that she will subpoena
every cop she's ever met to testify at her trial.
And the revelations this might produce
—perhaps that Alex compromised policemen
by making girls available to them,
—perhaps that Alex had a deal with the police to provide information
in exchange for their blind eye to her activities
—could be hugely embarrassing to the police and the district attorney.
For Alex's socially correct clients and friends,
for the socially correct wives of her clients and friends
and for a handful of movie and television executives
who have no idea they are dating or
married to former Alex girls,
the stakes are highest of all.
Alex's black book is said to be a catalogue of
Le Tout Los Angeles.
In her head are the ****** secrets
of many of the city's most important men,
to say nothing of visiting businessmen and Arab princes.
If she decides to warble,
either at her trial or in a book,
her song will shatter more than glass.
A decade ago, I went to lunch at Ma Maison,
There were supposed to have been ten people there,
but only four came.
One of them was a short woman
who called me a few days later and invited me to lunch.
When I arrived, the table was set for two.
I didn't know who Alex was or what she did,
but she knew the important facts of my situation:
I was getting divorced from a very wealthy man
and doing the legal work myself
to avail lawyers who wanted to get a big settlement for me.
Occasionally, she said, I get a call for a tall, dark-haired,
slender, flat-chested woman
—and I don't have any.
It wouldn't be a frequent thing.
There'd be weekends away, sometimes in Palm Springs,
sometimes in Europe.
The men will be elegant,
you'll have your own room
—there would be no outward signs of impropriety.
And you'd get $10,000 to $20,000 for a weekend.
The tall, slender, flat-chested brunette
didn't think it was right for her.
Alex handed her a business card
and suggested that she think about it.
To her surprise, she did
—for an entire week.
This was 1978, and $20,000 then
was like $40,000 now,
I knew it was hooking,
but Alex had never mentioned ***.
Our whole conversation seemed to be about something else.
I was born in Manila
to a Spanish-Filipina mother and German father,
and when I was twelve
a Japanese soldier came into our house
with his bayonet pointed at us,
ready to do us in.
He locked us in and set the house on fire.
I haven't been scared by much since that.
My mother always struck me as goofy,
so I jumped on a bus and ran away,
I got off in Oakland,
saw a help-wanted sign on a parish house,
and went in.
I got $200 a month for taking care of four priests.
I spent all the money on pastries for the parish house.
But I didn't care.
It felt safe.
And the priests sparked my interest in the domestic arts
—in linen, in crystal.
A new priest arrived.
He was unpleasant,
so on a vacation in Los Angeles I took a pedestrian job,
still a teenager,
married a scientist.
We separated eight years later,
he took our two sons to another state
threatened to keep them if I didn't agree to a divorce.
Keep them I said and hung up.
It's not that I don't have a maternal instinct
—though I don't,
I just hate to be manipulated.
My second husband,
an alcoholic,
had Frank Sinatra blue eyes, and possibly
—I never knew for sure—
had a big career in the underworld
as a contract killer.
Years before we got serious,
he was going out with a famous L.A. ******,
She and her friends were so elegant
that I started spending time with them in beauty salons.
They were so fancy,
so smart
—and they knew incredible people,
like the millionaire who sat in his suite all day
just writing $5,000 checks to girls.
I was a florist.
We got to talking.
She was a madam from England
who wanted to sell her book and go home.
I bought it for $5,000.
My husband thought it was cute.
Now you're getting your feet wet.
Three months later,
he died.
After eleven years of marriage,
And of the names in the book
it turned out
that half of the men were also dead.
When I began the men were old and the women were ugly.
It was like a lunch party you or I would give,
Great food Alex had cooked herself.
Major giggles with old pals.
And then,
instead of chocolate After Eight,
she served three women After Three
This man has seen a bit of life
beyond Los Angeles,
so I asked him how Alex's stable
compared with that of Madam Claude,
the legendary Parisian procuress.
Oh, these aren't at all like Claude's girls,
A Claude girl was perfectly dressed and multilingual
—you could take her to the opera
and she'd understand it.
He told me that when she was 40
she looked at herself in the mirror
and said
People over 40
should not have ***.
But She Was Clear That She Never Liked It
even when she was young.
Besides, she saw all the street business
go to the tall,
beautiful girls.
She thought that she never had a chance
competing against them.
Instead,
she would take their money by managing them.
Going to a ****** was not looked down upon then.
It was before the pill;
Girls weren't giving it away.
Claude specialized in
failed models and actresses,
ones who just missed the cut.
But just because they failed
in those impossible professions
didn't mean they weren't beautiful,
fabulous.
Like Avis
in those days,
those girls tried harder.
Her place was off the Champs,
just above a branch of the Rothschild bank, where I had an account.
Once I met her,
I was constantly making withdrawals and heading upstairs.
We took the lift
and Claude greeted us at the door.
My impression was that of the director
of an haute couture house,
very subdued,
beige and gray, very little makeup.
She took us into a lounge and made us drinks,
Cognac.
There was no maid.
We made small talk for 15 minutes.
How was the weekend?
What's the weather like in Deauville?
Then she made the segue. 'I understand you'd like to see some jeunes filles?'
She always used 'jeunes filles.'
This was Claude's polite way of saying 18 to 25.
She left and soon returned
with two very tall
jeunes filles,
One was blonde.
This is Eva from Austria.
She's here studying painting.
And a brunette,
very different,
but also very fine.
This is Claudia from Germany.
She's a dancer.
She took the girls back into the apartment and returned by herself.
I gave my English guest first choice.
He picked the blonde.
And wasn't disappointed.
Each bedroom had its own bidet.
There was some nice
polite conversation, and then
It was slightly formal,
but it was high-quality.
He paid Claude
200 francs,
not to the girls
In 1965, 200 francs was about $40.
Pretty girls on Rue Saint-Denis
could be had for 40 francs
so you can see the premium.
Still, it wasn't out of reach for mere mortals.
You didn't have to be J. Paul Getty.
A lot of them
were models at
or other couture houses.
She liked Scandinavians.
That was the look then
—cold, tall, perfect.
It was cheap for the quality.
They all used her.
The best people wanted
the best women.
Elementary supply and demand.
She had a camp number tattooed on her wrist. I saw it.
She showed it to me and Rubi.
She was proud she had survived.
We talked about the camp for hours.
It was even more fascinating than the girls.
She was Jewish
I'm certain of that.
She was horrified at the Jewish collaborators
at the camp who herded
their fellow Jews
into the gas chambers.
That was the greatest betrayal in her life.
She was this sad,
lonely little woman.
Later, Patrick told me who she was.
I was bowled over.
It was like meeting Al Capone.
I met two of the girls
who worked for her.
One was what you would expect
But the other looked like a Rat
Then one night
she came out
all dressed up,
I didn't even recognize her.
She was even better than the first girl.
Claude liked to transform women like that.
That was her art.
It was very odd,
my cousin told me.
There was not much furniture
and an awful lot of telephones.
"Allô oui,"
I had so many lunches
with Claude at Ma Maison
She was vicious.
One day,
Margaux Hemingway,
at the height of her beauty, walked by.
Une bonne
—the French for maid
was how Claude cut her dead.
She reduced
the entire world
to rich men wanting *** and
poor women wanting money.
She'd love to page through Vogue and see someone
and say,
When I met her
she was called
and she had a hideous nose
and now she's a princess.
Or she'd see someone and say
Let's see if she kisses me or not.
It was like
I made her,
and I can destroy her.
She was obsessed
with "fixing" people
—with Saint Laurent clothes,
with Cartier watches,
with Winston jewels,
with Vuitton luggage,
with plastic surgeons.
Her prison number was
which was good luck in China
but not in California.
'Ocho ocho ocho,' she liked to repeat
Even in jail, she was always working,
always recruiting stunning women.
She had a beautiful Mexican cellmate
and gave her Robert Evans's number
as the first person she should call
when she was released.
Never have *** on the first date.
There will always be prostitution,
The prostitution of misery.
And the prostitution of bourgeois luxury.
They will both go on forever.
It was so exciting to hear a millionaire
or a head of state ask,
in a little boy's voice,
for the one thing
that only you could provide
It's not how beautiful you are, it's how you relate
--it's mostly dialogue.
She was tiny, blond, perfectly coiffed and Chanel-clad.
The French Woman: The Arab Prince, the Japanese Diplomat, the Greek Tycoon, the C.I.A. Bureau Chief — She Possessed Them All!
She was like a slave driver in the American South
Once she took a *******,
the makeover put the girl in debt,
because Claude paid all the bills to
Dior,
Vuitton,
to the hairdressers,
to the doctors,
and the girls had to work to pay them off.
It was ****** indentured servitude.
My Swans.
It reached the point
where if you walked into a room
or Rome
as much as Paris
because the girls were transportable,
and saw a girl who was
better-dressed,
and more distinguished than the others
you presumed
it was a girl from Claude.
It was, without doubt,
the finest *** operation ever run in the history of mankind.
**.
The girl had to be
exactly what was needed
so I had to teach her everything she didn't know.
I played a little the role of Pygmalion.
There were basic things that absolutely had to be done.
It consisted
at the start
of the physical aspect
to give this way of being
that was different from other girls.
Often they had to be transformed
into dream creatures
because at the start
they were not at all
Often I had to teach them how to dress.
Often they needed help
to repair
what nature had given them
which was not so beautiful.
At first they had to be tall,
with pretty gestures,
good manners.
I had lots of noses done,
chins,
teeth,
*******.
There was a lot to do.
Eight times out of ten
I had to teach them how to behave in society.
There were official dinners, suppers, weekends,
and they needed to have conversation.
I insisted they learn to speak English,
certain books.
I interrogated them on what they read.
It wasn't easy.
Each time something wasn't working,
I was obliged to say so.
You were very demanding?
I was ferocious.
It's difficult
to teach a girl how to walk into Maxim's
without looking
when they've never been there,
to go into an airport,
to go to the Ritz,
or the Crillon
or the Dorchester.
To find yourself
in front of a king,
three princes,
four ministers,
and five ambassadors at an official dinner.
There were the wives of those people!
Day after day
one had to explain,
explain again,
It took about two years.
There would always be a man
who would then say of her,
'But she's absolutely exceptional. What is that girl doing here?' "
A New York publisher who visited
the Palace Hotel
in Saint Moritz
in the early seventies told me,
I met a whole bunch of them there.
They were lovely.
The johns wanted everyone to know who they were.
I remember it being said
Giovanni's Madame Claude girl is going to be there.
You asked them where they came from and they all said
Neuilly.
Claude liked girls from good families.
More to the point she had invented their backgrounds.
I have known,
because of what I did,
some exceptional and fascinating men.
I've known some exceptional women too,
but that was less interesting
because I made them myself.
Ah, this question of the handbag.
You would be amazed by how much dust accumulates.
Or how often women's shoe heels are scuffed.
She would examine their teeth and finally she would make them undress.
That was a difficult moment
When they arrived they were very shy,
a bit frightened.
At the beginning when I take a look,
it's a question of seeing if the silhouette
and the gestures are pretty.
Then there was a disagreeable moment.
I'm sorry about this unpleasantness,
but I have to ask you to get undressed,
because I can't talk about you unless I see you.
Believe me, I was embarrassed,
just as they were,
but it had to be done,
not out of voyeurism, not at all
—I don't like les dames horizontales.
It was very funny
because there were always two reactions.
A young girl,
very sure of herself,
very beautiful,
très bien,
would say
Get up, and get undressed.
There was nothing to hide, everything was perfect.
There were those who
would start timidly
to take off their dress
and I would say
I knew already.
The rest is not sadism, but nearly.
I knew what I was going to find.
I would say,
Maybe you should take off your bra,
and I knew it wasn't going to be
Because otherwise she would have taken it off easily.
There were damages that could be mended.
There were some ******* that could be redone,
some not
Sometimes it can be deceptive,
you know,
you see a pretty girl,
a pretty face,
all elegant and slim,
well dressed,
and when you see her naked
it is a catastrophe.
I could judge their physical qualities,
I could judge if she was pretty, intelligent, and cultivated,
but I didn't know how she was in bed.
So I had some boys,
good friends,
who told me exactly.
I would ring them up and say,
There's a new one.
And afterwards they'd ring back and say,
Could be better, or
Nulle.
on the contrary,
She's perfect.
And I would sometimes have to tell the girls
what they didn't know.
A pleasant assignment?
They paid.
Often at the beginning
they had an ami de coeur
in other words,
oh,
a journalist, a photographer, a type like that,
someone in the cinema,
an actor, not very well known.
As time went by
It became difficult
because they didn't have a lot of time for him.
The fact of physically changing,
becoming prettier,
changing mentally to live with millionaires,
produced a certain imbalance
between them
and the little boyfriend
who had not evolved
and had stayed in his milieu.
At the end of a certain time
she would say,
I'm so much better than him. Why am I with this boy?
And they would break up by themselves.
this was instant elevation.
For most of them it was a dream existence,
provided they liked the ***,
and those that didn't never lasted long.
A lot of the clients were young,
and didn't treat them like tarts but like someone from their own class.
They would buy you presents,
take you on trips.
For me, *** was something very accessoire
I think after a certain age
there are certain spectacles one should not give to others
Now I have a penchant for solitude.
Love, it's a complete destroyer,
It's impossible,
a horror,
l'angoisse.
It's the only time in my life I was jealous.
I'm not a jealous person, but I was épouvantable.
He was jealous too.
We broke plates over each other's heads;
we became jealous about each other's pasts.
I said one day
It's finished.
Sometimes I look at myself in the mirror and say:
Break my legs,
give me scarlet fever,
an attack of TB, but never that.
Not that.
I called her into my office
Let us not exaggerate,
I sent her away.
She came back looking for employment,
but was fired again, this time for drugs.
She made menacing phone calls.
Then she arrived at the Rue de Boulainvilliers with a gun.
She shot three bullets
I was dressed in the fashion of Courrèges at this moment
He did very padded things.
I had a padded dress with a little jacket on top.
—merci, Monsieur Courrèges
—stuck in the padding.
I was thrown forward onto the telephone.
I had one thought which went through my head:
I will die like Kennedy.
I turned round and put my hand up in a reflex.
The second bullet went through my hand.
I have two dead fingers.
It's most useful for removing bottle tops.
In the corridor I was saved from the third bullet
because she was very tall
and I am quite petite, so it passed over my head.
There were men
who could decapitate,
****, and bomb their rivals
who would be frightened of me.
I would ask them how was the girl,
and they'd say
But I'm not complaining.
I was a little sadistic to them sometimes.
Some women have known powerful men because they're their lover.
But I've known them all.
I had them all
She will take many state secrets with her.
I don't like ugly people
probably because when I was young
I wasn't beautiful at all.
I was ugly and I suffered for it,
although not to the point of obsession.
Now that I'm an old woman,
I'm not so bad.
And that's why
I've always been surrounded by people
And the best way to have beautiful people around me
was to make them.
I made them very pretty.
I wouldn't call what Alex gives you
'advice,'
She spares you Nothing.
She makes a list of what she wants done,
and she really gets into it
I mean, she wants you to get your arms waxed.
She gives you names of people who do good facials.
She tells you what to buy at Neiman Marcus.
She's put off by anything flashy,
and if you don't dress conservatively, she's got no problem telling you,
in front of an audience,
You look like a cheap *****!
I used to wear what I wanted when I went out
then change in the car into a frumpy sweater
when I went to give her the money she'd always go,
Oh, you look beautiful!
Marry your boyfriend,
It's better than going to prison.
When you go out with her,
she'll buy you a present; she's incredibly generous that way.
And she'll always tell you to save money and get out.
It's frustrating to her when girls call at the end of the month
and say they need rent money.
She wants to see you do well.
We had a schedule, with cards that indicated a client's name,
what he liked,
the names of the girls he'd seen,
and how long he'd been with them.
And I only hired girls who had another career
—if my clients had a choice between drop-dead-gorgeous
and beautiful-and-interesting,
they'd tend to take beautiful-and-interesting.
These men wanted to talk.
If they spent two hours with a girl,
they usually spent only five or ten minutes in bed.
I get the feeling that in Los Angeles, men are more concerned with looks.
That was my big idea
Not to expand the book by aggressive marketing
but to make sure that nobody
mistook my girls for run-of-the-mill hookers.
And I kept my roster fresh.
This was not a business where you peddle your ***,
get exploited,
and then are cast off.
I screen clients. I've never sent girls to weirdos.
I let the men know:
no violence,
no costumes,
no fudge-packing.
And I talked to my girls. I'd tell them:
Two and a half years and you're burned out.
Save your money.
This is like a hangar
—you come in, refuel, and take off.
It's not a vacation, it's not a goof.
This buys the singing lessons,
the dancing lessons,
the glossies.
This is to help you pay for what your parents couldn't provide.
It's an honorable way station—a lot of stars did this.
To say someone was a Claude girl is an honour, not a slur.
Une femme terrible.
She despised men and women alike.
Men were wallets. Women were holes.
By the 80s,
if you were a brunette,
the sky was the limit.
The Saudis
They'd call for half a dozen of Alex's finest,
ignore them all evening while they
chatted,
ate,
and played cards,
and then, around midnight,
take the women inside for a fast few minutes of ***.
They'd order women up like pizza.
Since my second husband died,
I only met one man who was right for me,
He was a sheikh.
I visited him in Europe
twenty-eight times
in the five years I knew him
and I never slept with him.
He'd say
I think you fly all the way here just to tease me,
but he introduced me
to all his powerful friends.
When I was in Los Angeles, he called me twice a day.
That's why I never went out
he would have been disappointed.
This is a woman's business.
When a woman does it, it's fun
there's a giggle in it
when a man's involved,
he's ******,
he's a ****.
He may know how to keep girls in line,
and he may make money,
but he doesn't know what I do.
I tell guys: You're getting a nice girl.
She's young,
She's pleasant,
She can do things
she can certainly make love.
She's not a rocket scientist, but she's everything else.
The world's richest and most powerful men, the announcer teased.
An income "in the millions," said the arresting officer.
Pina Colapinto
A petite call girl,
who once slid between the sheets of royalty,
a green-eyed blonde helped the police get the indictment.
They really dolled her up
She looks great.
What I told her was: 'Wash that ******.'
Madam Alex died at 7 p.m.
Saturday at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center,
where she had been in intensive care after recent open heart surgery
We all held her hand when they took her off the life support
This was the passing of a legend.
Because she was the mother superior of prostitution.
She was one of the richest women on earth.
The world came to her.
She never had to leave the house.
She was like Hugh Hefner in that way.
It's like losing a friend
In all the years we played cat and mouse,
she never once tried to corrupt me.
We had a lot of fun.
To those who knew her
she was as constant
as she was colorful
always ready with a good tidbit of gossip
and a gourmet lunch for two.
She entertained, even after her conviction on pandering charges,
from the comfy depths of her blue four-poster bed at her home near Doheny Drive,
surrounded by knickknacks and meowing cats,
which she fed fresh shrimp from blue china plates.
She stole my business,
my books,
my girls,
my guys.
I had a good run.
My creatures.
Make Mommy happy
Oh! He is the most enchanting cat that I have ever known.
She was, how can I say it,
When she first hired me
she thought I was too young to take her case.
I was 43.
I'm going to give you some gray hairs by the time this is over.
I was fond of Heidi
But she has a streak that is so vindictive.
If there is pure evil, it is Madame Alex.
XXXIV.
I was born and raised in L.A.
My dad was a famous pediatrician.
When he died, they donated a bench to him at the Griffith Park Observatory.
I think that Heidi wanted to try her wings
pretty early,
and I think that she met some people
who sort of took all her potential
and gave it a sharp turn
She knew nothing.
She was like a little parrot who repeated what she was supposed to say.
Alex and I had a very intense relationship;
I was kind of like the daughter she loved and hated,
so she was abusive and loving at the same time.
Look, I know Madam Alex was great at what she did
but it's like this:
What took her years to build,
I built in one.
The high end is the high end,
and no one has a higher end than me.
In this business, no one steals clients.
There's just better service.
You were not allowed to have long hair
You were not allowed to be too pretty
You were not allowed to wear too much makeup or be too glamorous
Because someone would fall in love with you and take you away.
And then she loses the business
I was pursued because
in our lifetime,
we will never see another girl of my age
who lived the way I did,
who did what I did so quickly,
I made so many enemies.
Some people had been in this line of business
for their whole lives, 30 or 40 years,
and I came in and cornered the market.
Men don't like that.
Women don't like that.
No one liked it.
I had this spiritual awakening watching an Oprah Winfrey video.
I was doing this 500-hour drug class
and one day the teacher showed us this video,
called something like Make It Happen.
Usually in class I would bring a notebook
and write a letter to my brother or my journal,
but all of a sudden this grabbed my attention
and I understood everything she said.
It hit me and it changed me a lot.
It made me feel,
Accept yourself for who you are.
I saw a deeper meaning in it
but who knows, I might have just been getting my period that day!
XXXVII.
Hello, Gina!
You movie star!
Yes you are!
Gina G!
Hello my movie star,
Ruby! Ruby Boobie!
Braaawk!
Except so many women say,
Come on, Heidi
you gotta do the brothel for us; don't let us down.
It would be kind of fun opening up an exclusive resort,
and I'll make it really nice,
like the Beverly Hills Hotel
It'll feel private; you'll have your own bungalow.
The only problem out here is the climate—it's so brutal.
Charles Manson was captured a half hour from Pahrump.
I said, Joe! What are you doing?
You gotta get, like,
a garter belt and encase it in something
and write,
This belonged to Suzette Whatever,
who entertained the Flying Tigers during World War II.
Get, like, some weird tools and write,
These were the first abortion tools in the brothel,
Just make some **** up!
So I came out here to do some research
And then I realized,
I'm Heidi Fleiss. I don't need anyone.
I can do this.
When I was doing my research, in three months
I saw land go from 30 thousand an acre
to 50 thousand an acre,
and then it was going for 70K!
It's urban sprawl
—we're only one hour from Las Vegas.
Out here the casinos are only going to get bigger,
prostitution is legal, it's only getting better.
XXXVIII.
deep down inside,
I just can't do business with him
He's the type of guy who buys Cup o' Noodles soup for three cents
and makes his hookers buy it back from him for $5.
It's not my style at all.
Who wants to be 75 and facing federal charges?
It was different at my age when I
at least...come on, I lived really well.
I was 22,
25 at the time?
It was fun then, but now I wouldn't want
to deal with all that *******
—the girls and blah blah blah.
But the money was really good.
I would've told someone they were out of their ******* mind
if they'd said in five years I'd be living with all these animals like this.
It's hard-core; how I live;
It's totally a nonfunctional atmosphere for me
It's hard to get anything done because
It's so time-consuming.
I feel like they're good luck though....
I do feel that if I ever get rid of them,
I will be jinxed and cursed the rest of my life
and nothing I do will ever work again.
Guys kind of are a hindrance to me
Certainly I have no problem getting laid or anything.
But a man is not a priority in my life.
I mean, it's crazy, but I really have fun with my parrots.
XXXIX.
I started a babysitting circle when I wasn't much older than 9
And soon all the parents in the neighborhood
wanted me to watch over their children.
Even then I had an innate business sense.
I started farming out my friends
to meet the demand.
My mother showered me with love and my father,
a pediatrician,
would ask me at the dinner table,
What did you learn today?
I ran my neighborhood.
I just pick up a hustle really easily,
I was a waitress and I met an older guy who looked like Santa Claus.
Alex was a 5' 3" bald-headed Filipina
in a transparent muu muu.
We hit it off.
I didn't know at the time that I was there to pay off the guy's gambling debt.
It's in and out,
over and out.
Do you think some big-time producer
or actor is going to go to the clubs and hustle?
Columbia Pictures executive says:
I haven't done anything that should cause any concern.
Jeez, it's like the Nixon enemies list.
I hope I'm on it.
If I'm not, it means I must not be big enough
for people to gossip about me.
That's right ladies and gentlemen.
I am an alleged madam and that is a $25 *****!
If you live out here,
you've got to hate people.
You've got to be pretty antisocial
How you gonna come out here with only 86 people?
That's Fred.
He's digging to China.
You look good.
Yeah, you too.
It's coming along here.
Yeah, it is.
I wanted to buy that lot there, but I guess it's gone?
That's mine, man! That's all me.
I thought there was a lot between us.
No. We're neighbors.
He's a cute guy
He's entertaining.
See, I kind of did do something shady to him.
I thought my property went all the way back
and butted up against his.
But there was one lot between us right there.
He said he was buying it,
but I saw the 'For Sale' sign still up there,
So I went and called the broker and said,
I'm an all-cash buyer.
So I really bought it out from under him.
But he's got plenty of room, and I need the space for my parrots.
Pahrump will always be Pahrump, but Crystal is going to be nice
All you need are four or five fancy houses and it'll flush everyone out
and it'll be a nice area.
They're all kind of weird here, but these people will go.
Like this guy here,
someone needs to **** him.
I was just saying to my dad that these parrots are born to a really ******-up world
He goes, Heidi, no, no; the world is a beautiful garden.
It's just, people are destroying it.
I'm looking into green building options
I don't want anything polluting,
I want a huge auditorium,
but it'll be like a jungle where my birds can really fly!
Where they can really do what they're supposed to do.
There were over 300 birds in there!
That lady,
She ran the exotic-birds department for the Tropicana Hotel,
which is a huge job.
She called me once at 3:30 in the morning
Come over here and help me feed this baby!
Some baby parrot.
And I ran over there in my pajamas
—I knew there was something else wrong
and she was like
Get me my oxygen!
Get me this, get me that.
I called my dad; he was like,
I don't know, honey, you better call the paramedics.
They ended up getting a helicopter.
And they were taking her away
in the wind with her IV and blood and everything
and she goes, Heidi, you take care of my birds.
And she dies the next day.
She was just a super-duper person.
I relate to the lifestyle she had before,
Now, I'm just a citizen.
I'm clean,
I'm sober,
I'm married,
I work at Wal-Mart.
I'm proud to say I know her. I look into her eyes
and we relate.
I got out in 2000,
so I've been sending her money for seven years
She was…whatever.
Girlfriend?
Yeah, maybe.
But ***, I tried like two times,
and I'm just not gay.
She gets out in about eight or nine months
and I told her I would get her a house.
But nowhere near me.
I didn't touch her,
but I'd be, like...
a funny story:
I told her,
Don't you ever ******* think
about contacting me in the real world.
I'm not a lesbian.
Then about two years ago, I got an e-mail from her,
or she called me and said, 'Google my name.'
So I Googled her name,
and she has this huge company.
Huge!
She won, like, Woman of the Year awards.
So I called her and I go,
She goes, 'Well, I did all that because you called me a loser.'
I go, '****, I should've called you more names
you probably would've found the cure for cancer by now.
XLI.
No person shall be employed by the licensee
who has ever been convicted of
a felony involving moral turpitude
But I qualify,
I mean, big deal, so I'm a convicted felon.
Being in the *** industry, you can't be so squeaky-clean.
You've got to be hustling.
Nighttime is really enchanting here
It's like a whole 'nother world out here, it really is
I'm so far removed from my social life and old surroundings.
Who was it, Oscar Wilde, I think, who said
people can adjust to anything.
I was perfectly adjusted in the penitentiary,
and I was perfectly adjusted to living in a château in France.
We had done those drug addiction shows together
Dr. Drew.
Afterward we were friendly
and he'd call me every now and then.
He'd act like he had his stuff together.
But it was all a lie.
Everything is a lie.
I brought him to a Humane Society event at Paramount Studios last year.
He was just such a mess.
So out of it.
He stole money from my purse.
He's such a drug addict because he's so afraid of being fat.
He liked horse ****, though. He did like horse ****.
This one woman that would have *** with a horse on the internet,
He told me that's his favorite actress.
Better than Meryl Streep.
XLII.
The cops could see
why these women were taking over trade.
Girls with these looks charged upwards of $500 an hour.
The Russians had undercut them with a bargain rate of $150 an hour.
One thing they are not is lazy.
In the USSR
they grew up with no religion, no morality.
Prostitution is not considered a bad thing.
In fact, it's considered a great way to make money.
That's why it's exploding here.
What we saw was just a tip of the iceberg.
These girls didn't come over here expecting to be nannies.
They knew exactly what they wanted and what they were getting into.
The madam who organized this raid
was making $4 million a year,
laundered through Russian-owned banks in New York City
These are brutal people.
They are all backstabbers.
They're entrepreneurs.
They're looking at $10,000 a month for turning tricks.
For them, that's the American dream.
If you're not into something,
don't be into it
if you want to take some whipped cream,
put it between your toes,
have your dog licking it up and,
at the same time,
have your girlfriend poke you in the eye,
then that's fine.
That's a little weird but we shouldn't judge.
She was my best friend then
and I consider her one of my best friends now,
because when I was going through Riker's
and everyone abandoned me,
including my boyfriend,
I was hysterical,
crying,
and she was the one that was there.
And, when somebody needed to step up to the plate,
that's who did, and I have an immense amount of
loyalty, respect, and love for her.
And if she's going to prison for eight years
—that's what she's sentenced for
—I'll go there,
and I'll go there every week,
for eight years.
That's the type of person I am.
#madameclaude #madam #alex #heidifleiss #prostitution #callgirls
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Adolf ******
Watch this page
"******" redirects here. For other uses, see ****** (disambiguation).
Adolf ****** in 1937
Führer of Germany
2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945
Rudolf Hess (1933–41)
Preceded by Paul von Hindenburg
(as President)
Succeeded by Karl Dönitz
***** Chancellor of Germany
30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945
President Paul von Hindenburg (until 1934)
Franz von Papen (1933–34)
Preceded by Kurt von Schleicher
Succeeded by Joseph Goebbels
Leader of the **** Party
29 June 1921 – 30 April 1945
Deputy Rudolf Hess
Preceded by Anton Drexler
Succeeded by Martin Bormann
Born 20 April 1889
Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary
Died 30 April 1945 (aged 56)
Austrian citizen until 7 April 1925[1]
Citizen of Brunswick after 25 February 1932
Citizen of the German ***** after 1934
Political party National Socialist German Workers' Party (1921–45)
Other political
affiliations German Workers' Party (1920–21)
Spouse(s) Eva Braun
(29–30 April 1945)
Alois ****** (father)
Klara Pölzl (mother)
Occupation Politician
Religion See: Religious views of Adolf ******
Allegiance German Empire
Service/branch Bavarian Army
Years of service 1914–20
Gefreiter
Verbindungsmann
16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment
Reichswehr intelligence
Battles/wars World War I
Iron Cross First Class
Iron Cross Second Class
Wound Badge
Adolf ****** (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ]; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the **** Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of **** Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. ****** was at the centre of **** Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust.
****** was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the German Workers' Party (precursor of the NSDAP) in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power. The failed coup resulted in ******'s imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, ****** gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and **** propaganda. ****** frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy.
******'s **** Party became the largest elected party in the German Reichstag, leading to his appointment as chancellor in 1933. Following fresh elections won by his coalition, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into the Third *****, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. ****** aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the denunciation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories that were home to millions of ethnic Germans, actions which gave him significant popular support.
****** actively sought Lebensraum ("living space") for the German people. His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the primary cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland, resulting in British and French declarations of war on Germany. In June 1941, ****** ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941 German forces and their European allies occupied most of Europe and North Africa. Failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats. In the final days of the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, ****** married his long-time lover, Eva Braun. On 30 April 1945, less than two days later, the two committed suicide to avoid capture by the Red Army, and their corpses were burned. Under ******'s leadership and racially motivated ideology, the regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews, and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed racially inferior.
Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich
Entry into politics
Beer Hall Putsch
Rebuilding the NSDAP
Rise to power
Brüning administration
Appointment as chancellor
Reichstag fire and March elections
Day of Potsdam and the Enabling Act
Removal of remaining limits
Third *****
Economy and culture
Rearmament and new alliances
Early diplomatic successes
Alliance with Japan
Austria and Czechoslovakia
Start of World War II
Path to defeat
Defeat and death
****** in media

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i havent got the update in Bhopal..when i will get the update..Anyomw can tell?
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text:
Q: Printing strings that have chars separated by " + " and strings themselves separated by " , " I have some variables:
A1 = 'abc'
B1 = 'def'
C1 = 'ghi'

I want to write code that prints A1, B1, C1 in the following format:
a+b+c, d+e+f, g+h+i
so in every string value the chars get separated by a + and the strings themselves are separated by a ,.
How can this be accomplished?

A: In [11]: str.join?
Namespace:  Python builtin
Docstring:
S.join(iterable) -> string

Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable.  The separator between elements is S.

In [12]: ", ".join("+".join(chars) for chars in [A1, B1, C1])
Out[12]: 'a+b+c, d+e+f, g+h+i'

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