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Here are 10 fascinating drugs that our ancient ancestors used to get high
Adam Ivanov, The Influence
Mankind has been getting high for so long, it doesn't even make sense to ask when homo sapiens "discovered" mind-altering substances. They've just always sort of been there, asking to be drunk, eaten, and snuffed, a feature of our development as both a species and a civilization. From residues and fossils, we know that the use of psychoactive plants, seeds and fungi has been a steady feature of our time on this planet, dating back—way back—through humanity's earliest known records. The late, great ethno-botanist and philosopher Terrence McKenna has even postulated that psilocybin-containing mushrooms might have spurred the final evolution of the human brain.
This article was originally published by The Influence, a news site that covers the full spectrum of human relationships with drugs. Follow The Influence on Facebook or Twitter.
Evidence of our favorite prehistoric highs constitutes a global history. Mescaline beans have been found in Peru dating to around 9,000 BC. Throughout the Andes, cultures have been chewing coca leaves for at least that long. We know the Chinese were getting smashed on sweet, rudimentary wine around 7,000 BC, a full thousand years before many Americans believe the world was created as described in the Old Testament. Ancient fossils of cultivated opium plants have been discovered not far from modern-day Rome.
Unlike many modern cultures, most notably our own, these drugs were not banned by the primitive societies that consumed them, but incorporated into their religious and social rituals. Indeed, the use of these drugs may have been central to social bonding and our earliest religious impulses and insights.
Later, during what are considered two of the greatest growth spurts of western civilization—ancient Athens and imperial Rome—drugs continued to be a feature of society. There is evidence supporting the theory that youth in Periclean Athens consumed an LSD-like substance during a famous rite known as the Eleusinian Mysteries, and Marcus Aurelius, the great Roman stoic philosopher-king, was a heavy user of opium.
Let's take a little tour of the oldest known drugs from around the world.
1. Anadenanthera: The DMT bean
By now, most people have heard of Ayahuasca, the ancient jungle brew derived from vines and leaves still used by shamans in the indigenous cultures of the Amazon rainforest. But Ayahuasca is not the only potent organic cocktail containing psychedelic DMT with a long pedigree in the Americas. Anadenanthera, a kind of bean found in the grasslands of Latin America (and later the Caribbean), was dried and crushed into a potent hallucinogenic ritual snuff during the same ancient timeframe. This snuff appears in creation myths of many cultures, which, like Ayahuasca-based creation myths, often involves some combination of riverside sex, jaguars, snakes and twins.
2. Henbane
Magic mushrooms weren't the only hallucinogen consumed by the people of Eurasia in the centuries before Stalin started throwing their shamans out of helicopters. "Black" henbane, a poisonous ornamental plant, was used as both a proto-painkiller and a very powerful sedative. It was easy to find in the forest, but the person administering the brew had to know what they were doing. Take too much, and you die. Many scholars of Shakespeare believe henbane was the poison murderously administered into the ear of Hamlet's father.
3. Belladonna
Why do Halloween decoration witches fly on broomsticks? Very likely, it is because the female shamans of the Middle Ages (later rechristened as "witches") rubbed long sticks (including brooms) lathered in "flying ointment" into the mucous membranes of their vaginas, allowing them to soar inward to incredible heights.
One of the main ingredients in this hallucinogenic ointment was the plant belladonna, also known as "deadly nightshade." Poisonous in high doses, morphine was used as an antidote. (Those interested in learning more about witches' brews should consult Thomas Hatsis' Witches Ointment and Paul Deveraux's Prehistory of Psychedelia.)
4. LSA and the Eleusinian Mysteries.
There is compelling (if controversial) evidence that the ancient Greeks employed an LSD-like agent during one of the Periclean Age's most important and elite rituals: the initiation rites of the Eleusinian Mysteries, in which young Greeks bathed, fasted, recited texts and engaged in a central rite thought by some to involve a hallucinogenic drink. This agent, argue proponents of the theory, was a fungus ergot containing the psychoactive alkaloid lysergic acid amide, or LSA, which has similar effects to LSD, discovered millennia later by accident in a Swiss lab.
5. Betel Nut
People throughout Asia had been chewing areca seeds, more commonly known as betel nuts, for centuries before European sailors brought them to Europe during the Renaissance. The nut, used like a kind of chewing tobacco pouched in the lip, is basically a warm, low-grade stimulant, and remains a popular recreational drug throughout Asia. It is also a main cause of the region's high rates of oral cancer.
6. Khat
One of the oldest drugs in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, khat is another plant-stimulant whose bitter leaves are chewed casually for energy and mild euphoria. Most popular in Yemen and Somolia, the British tried to ban the use of Khat in its colonies during the 1920s. Decades later, Somolian immigrants brought the plant with them to the UK, where it is growing in popularity. Its active ingredient is Cathinone, which is also the kicker in so-called "bath salts."
7. Ibogaine
Also from Africa, but from the center-west of the continent and much, much stronger than Khat, is the alkaloid Ibogaine, found in the bark of a shrub Tabernanthe Iboga. Used for millennia as a powerful spiritual tool in a range of rituals and ceremonies, "Africa's ayahuasca" has more recently found use as a way to help people kick a range of addictions, including heroin, meth and tobacco. But unlike other treatments, studies show that Ibogaine doesn't just "change your frame," it actually works on your brain receptors to alleviate the physical pains of opioid withdrawal.
8. Peyote
The most illustrious of North American hallucinogens. The native tribes of Mexico and the American southwest were harvesting and consuming this small button-like cactus for millennia before US courts came along in the 20th century and got involved in determining the scope of its legality. Chewing the bitter buttons results in a heavy mescaline trip that has traditionally been used for both spiritual and medicinal purposes. Like other drugs, the European colonizers attempted and failed to stamp out its use in the New World.
9. Cannabis
There are few, if any, known drugs much older or more foundational than the cannabis-containing marijuana plant. Hemp has been discovered in artifacts dating back more than 10,000 years. Some scholars speculate that marijuana may have been key to the development of agriculture, largely because it's easy to make rope and clothing with hemp fiber. But our ancestors were also getting high. The Talmud mentions the euphoric aspects of ingestion, and Pliny the Elder's The Natural History has a discussion of the plant's analgesic effects. Humanity has always been a toking species.
10. Opium
Humans have been using opium derived from poppy flowers since at least the middle of the fourth millennium BC, when we know it was grown in Southwest Asia, still a major region for cultivation. Word, samples, and later a heavy trade spread to Europe and East Asia through the Silk Road, and the rest is, well, history. Today some form of opium can be found in every hospital in the world. Thanks to the recent over-prescription of opium-based medications like Oxycodin, almost as much can be found, sadly, on the street corners of the surrounding cities and towns.
White man attack's black woman after traffic accident — then pulls a gun on her and bystanders in shocking video


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Distinguishing Between Factual and Opinion Statements in the News
5. Tying statements to news outlets had limited impact on Americans' capacity to identify statements as factual or opinion
By Amy Mitchell, Jeffrey Gottfried, Michael Barthel and Nami Sumida
Given the strong partisan differences in the trust and use of various news outlets identified in the Center's other research, this study separately examined the impact of adding news outlet attributions to factual and opinion statements. Overall, the attribution had a limited impact, except for one place: Republicans were modestly more likely than Democrats to accurately classify factual statements when they were attributed to Fox News Channel. But there was no influence of this news outlet between parties when it came to opinion or borderline statements.
For this part of the analysis, U.S. adults saw a mix of eight additional statements – three factual statements, three opinion statements and two borderline statements – all different from the first round of 12 statements discussed previously. One group – making up a quarter of respondents – was shown all eight statements attributed to no source, while a second group saw each statement randomly attributed to The New York Times (an outlet whose audience leans to the left), Fox News Channel (an outlet whose audience leans to the right) or USA Today (an outlet whose audience is more mixed). 10 The classification of these three outlets' audiences is based on previously reported survey data, the same data that were used to classify audiences for a recent study about coverage of the Trump administration. For more detail on how this analysis was done, see the Methodology.
Overall, as with the initial set of twelve statements, Republicans and Democrats were again more likely to label a claim as factual if it appealed to their side, regardless of outlet attribution. (See the detailed table in Appendix B.) And, overall, the different levels of success in classifying statements seen between the groups discussed in Chapter 2 emerge here as well.
The one instance in which the source label showed a modest influence on how members of both political parties categorized the factual statements was when the statements were attributed to Fox News Channel. While members of both parties accurately classified factual statements attributed to Fox News most of the time, Republicans did so to a greater degree (77% of the time), while Democrats did so to a lesser degree (69% of the time).11 Independents fell in between, identifying factual statements attributed to Fox News about three-quarters of the time (74%).
In contrast, Republicans and Democrats were about as likely to correctly identify the three factual statements when no outlet was attributed to them and when attributed to the two other outlets, The New York Times and USA Today. Furthermore, the attribution of any of the three outlets had no impact on Republicans' or Democrats' classifications of the opinion and borderline statements.
Though source attribution in this experiment had a minor impact on responses, other research has found strongly differing reactions to news outlets and widely diverging usage among Democrats and Republicans. So, it is important to keep in mind that this is one experiment within a larger study and that additional research could probe further into when news brands influence perceptions of the news and when they don't.
At the end of the survey, respondents who saw news statements attributed to the news outlets were told, "Please note that the statements that you were shown in this survey were part of an experiment and did not actually appear in news articles of the news organizations." Those who did not see the statements attributed to the outlets were told, "Please note that the statements that you were shown in this survey were part of an experiment and did not actually appear in news articles." ↩
Since, due to the randomization, it was not possible to break up respondents into discrete groups by outlet attribution, this analysis grouped together all of the times the 5,035 respondents who saw a statement attributed to each of the outlets or no outlet at all. The results, then, are framed as the percent of the time that respondents classified statements a given way when attributed to each outlet. For more details on what "percent of the time" means, see the Methodology. ↩
Quiz: How well can you tell factual from opinion statements?
Spring 2018 Survey on Factual and Opinion Statements in the News Dataset
1. Overall, Americans identified more statements correctly than incorrectly, but sizable portions got most wrong
2. The ability to classify statements as factual or opinion varies widely based on political awareness, digital savviness and trust in news media
3. Republicans and Democrats more likely to classify a news statement as factual if it favors their side – whether it is factual or opinion
4. Americans overwhelmingly see statements they think are factual as accurate, mostly disagree with factual statements they incorrectly label as opinions
Appendix A: Measuring capacity to classify statements as factual or opinion
Appendix B: Detailed tables
PublicationsApr 26, 2018
Our expanded focus on trust, facts and the state of democracy
AnalysisJan 11, 2018
Publics Globally Want Unbiased News Coverage, but Are Divided on Whether Their News Media Deliver
Fact TankJun 5, 2018
Almost seven-in-ten Americans have news fatigue, more among Republicans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Is Trump About To Be Able To Say 'You're Fired' To A Lot More People?
President Trump mouths the words, "You're fired," during a signing ceremony for the Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017 at the White House.
There are about 2 million people who work in the federal government. Despite being in charge of the executive branch, the president is limited in the people he can fire.
But could that be about to change?
In Brett Kavanaugh, President Trump has nominated someone to the Supreme Court who believes, as he does, in an expansive view of presidential power.
Could the president hire and fire civil servants at will, for example? That question is at the heart of a concept that likely will come up often at Kavanaugh's confirmation hearings this fall.
Trump has sought to exercise unilateral power over the federal government, perhaps more than any president in modern times. Though many of his moves have been blocked in the courts, he is aiming to change the courts through appointments, and by his nominees to the Supreme Court.
First, it was Neil Gorsuch, and now, Kavanaugh, both of whom have long believed that presidential powers have been unconstitutionally weakened over most of the last century.
They believe in something called the "Unitary Executive." Yes, the phrase sounds like legal gobbledygook. But it boils down to the idea that the president should be able to, for any reason, fire the heads of various departments that have executive powers.
That would include quasi-independent agencies like the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
These agencies were created by Congress to be independent, their work subject only to court challenge. Most have five commissioners appointed by presidents from both parties and confirmed by the Senate with both fixed and staggered terms.
The sitting president gets to pick the chairman, but, by law, no more than three commissioners can come from one party.
Long-held precedent
The idea of independent commissions was challenged in the 1930s when President Roosevelt tried to fire a Federal Trade commissioner, William Humphrey, appointed by his Republican predecessor. Roosevelt didn't have any quarrel with Humphrey's job performance, but he fired him over policy disagreements. So Humphrey challenged the firing in court.
In a landmark, unanimous decision, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Humphrey, to the great consternation of Roosevelt.
In the 1980s, it was conservative Republicans who sought to rein in the idea of independent officers, but they lost. Now comes a second generation of that effort, spearheaded by leading conservative judges, most prominent among them, Kavanaugh.
"It's based on the idea that somebody's gotta control these people, including the independent agencies," University of Chicago law professor Eric Posner of the unitary executive idea. "In a democracy, that person should be subject to popular election, and that's the president."
The alternative view, he said, is that you want to have some parts of the bureaucracy "that are not under the president's thumb, so that those people would be able to act in a non-partisan way, in an expert way."
'A huge shift in how the federal government does its job'
University of Texas law professor Steven Vladeck argues that quasi-independent agencies are able to do their jobs, because they are not subject to the moment-to-moment political whims of the White House.
"If that changes, I think we'd see a huge shift in how the federal government does its job," he said, "and more perniciously, we'd see a further politicization of just about every decision that the federal government is making."
Kavanaugh has a contrary view.
"He's definitely highlighted the problems inherent in taking administrative power and disconnecting it, at least in part, from the president's oversight," said Adam White of the conservative Hoover Institution.
Indeed, Kavanaugh has criticized the Supreme Court's unanimous decision in the 1935 Humphrey case, though he has not outright advocated its reversal. He has, however, clearly suggested that a president ought to be able to fire anyone performing executive functions, based solely on policy differences.
The Trump administration is aggressively pushing the unitary executive idea, aiming its legal arrows at independent officers within agencies.
This year, the administration argued that position in the Supreme Court, winning a partial victory, but less than it asked for. The court ruled that independent administrative law judges at the Securities and Exchange Commission must be hired by the commission — not, as previously had been the case, selected on the basis of merit-based examinations conducted by the Office of Personnel Management.
The court, however, did not go further and say anything about firing. Trump, nonetheless, issued an executive order and the Justice Department has issued guidelines, allowing the firing of administrative law judges who "fail to follow agency policies, procedures, or instructions."
In short, the judges, referred to as ALJs, can be fired pretty much whenever they don't follow orders. As the Justice Department guidelines put it, in the future, the government will argue in court that these new rules give the president "a constitutionally adequate degree of control over ALJs."
What are administrative law judges and what do they do?
There are 1,900 ALJs in independent agencies and executive departments. They hear cases involving everything from Social Security to stock fraud claims.
There are thousands more who hold similar positions, administrative judges within the executive branch who preside over everything from immigration hearings to benefit claims for black lung disease.
Legal experts on the left and right see the new rules as an effort to tee up cases for a new, and more conservative, Supreme Court majority, a court majority more hospitable to broad presidential power.
Just how far down could the new rules granting broad executive control go?
"That's always been a question," said Columbia Law School professor Gillian Metzger. "Does it go to the civil service?"
Administrative law judges have always been seen as "more on a par with civil service employees," she observed. "So it really does start to raise a question of whether the civil service protections might also be at risk."
The Hoover Institution's White isn't sure whether Kavanaugh would go that far.
As for Metzger, she said a "hardcore unitary executivist would say" all government employees "could be removable by the president. Whether Kavanaugh goes that far, I don't know."
NPR's Domenico Montanaro contributed to this report.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Emma is one of the few full-time professional belly dancers from the UK, specialising in modern Egyptian belly dance. Formerly based in Cambridge, UK then in Salt Lake City, Utah and now In London, UK she has taught regular belly dancing classes and workshops around the UK and is renowned for her precise technique, dynamic performances and authentic Egyptian feeling. She is highly regarded as an inspirational teacher who encourages her students to ever higher standards of dance whilst developing their own style and personality. Emma began learning in 1998 and continues to train with top dancers from around the world, constantly seeking inspiration to keep her dancing fresh and exciting. In 2011 she completed part one of "Randa Kamel of Course", a week long intensive course in Cairo with superstar Randa Kamel. In 2012 she completed part two and was a finalist in the competition.
Emma in action! For full length videos have a look at the video gallery.
Emma is currently taking a break from belly dance and is exploring the many opportunities that living in the USA has to offer.
Hire a belly dancer for your special event! Emma performs at parties (for adults and children), hen nights, weddings, restaurants, May balls, cultural and charitable events, and festivals. Have a look at the performance page for details.
Want to know what Emma is up to in the USA?
Want to know when Emma will be back in the UK?


Brexit may have a negative impact on SA's sugar and automotive vehicle trade with the EU.
Speaking at a manifesto briefing at the party's headquarters on Sunday, trade and industry minister Rob Davies said his department was "watching very closely" the processes and implications of Brexit as the EU remained the country's largest trading partner, and investor, as a bloc.
He said if the UK were to "crash out" of the EU without any agreements in place, the WTO's terms of trade would apply - which may affect duties on products like sugar and automotive vehicles imported to SA.
Davies also said the party was concerned about the trade wars between the US and China, adding that SA had become "collateral damage" in the battle.
According to a document produced by the ANC at the briefing, which was read out by small business development minister Lindiwe Zulu, the EU represents 77% of SA's total foreign direct investment, the total trade from which amounts to more than half-a-trillion rand. In addition, over 2,000 companies from the EU operate in SA, creating more than 500,000 direct and indirect jobs.
"SA has several bilateral agreements with most of the countries in the EU that have benefited our country. We note with concern the ongoing Brexit debate and hope that a resolution will be reached in this regard. As the ANC-led government, we will ensure that we nourish stable economic ties with all countries bilaterally and through various multilateral platforms," the document reads.
UK Prime Minister Theresa May now is asking for Britain's departure from the EU to be pushed back until June 30.
This week's Brexit turmoil leaves the world's fifth largest economy facing a range of scenarios. It could leave the European Union without a transition deal; May could hold a snap election or try a third time to get her deal passed; or Britain could hold another Brexit referendum. But what does it all mean for SA?


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LET'S START WITH SOME GOOD NEWS FROM 2022
This year may have felt like a permacrisis you couldn't stop doomscrolling through, but take heart: there is strong evidence the world is getting better all the time, say analysts at Future Crunch
So begins the Sunday Times introduction to 33 good news stories highlighted by analysts Angus Hervey and Amy Rose.
Fighting disease
Hervey and Rose outline some "big breakthroughs" for fighting tropical diseases in 2022, including important gains against river blindness, trachoma, sleeping sickness, and malaria:
Scientists at Oxford University released results of trials of a new malaria vaccine with "world-changing" potential, giving up to 80 per cent protection from the bite of the anopheles mosquito, the world's deadliest animal.
While the vaccine trial results were released in 2021, 2022 saw key steps in the manufacture of the new vaccine.
The significance of this development cannot be overstated:
the charity Malaria No More said it might mean children dying from malaria could end in our lifetimes.
Animals, conservation and climate
2022 gains in these crucial areas include:
The reversal of a century-long trend of wild tiger decline
Populations of bison, lynx, wolves, beavers, and bears rebounding in Europe
More ivory bans in effect with positive impacts on elephant populations
Important gains against global deforestation in Nepal and India and an EU commitment to adopt the world's first-ever legislation banning the trade of agricultural commodities driving global forest loss
On the climate front, there is some really surprising news, with the Times article stating:
Vladimir Putin arguably did more for the climate than any individual in human history, by turning clean energy into a national security issue, but no, coal power didn't bounce back.
Instead, renewables and hydro took up the slack.
2022 saw considerable progress in this broad category, including:
Increased abolition of the death penalty to more than 70% of the world's countries
Increased reproductive rights throughout many parts of the world, the US Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v Wade notwithstanding
Important legal gains for same-sex marriage and the decriminalization of homosexuality
Progress in demining in Angola and Cambodia, two of the most mine-affected countries and
Continued progress on decreasing child mortality despite the pandemic.
For the full details of these and other important global steps forward in improving the well-being of our planet and its people, see the full article HERE.
UKRAINE UPDATE: A MORAL CALL FOR PEACE
For an extraordinary appeal, comprehensive in its focus, see the 31 December 2022 appeal in The Nation entitled The Rev. William Barber II Delivers a Moral Call for Peace.
We need a cease-fire in Ukraine and beyond
For secular folks, there is much in this article beyond the scriptural references. On the question of why we need a cease-fire in Ukraine, Rev. Barber writes:
First because the human cost, especially for Ukrainian civilians, is too high….
But Ukrainians are not the only people being hurt by this war. The economic impact is dire, especially on the poorest people in the Global South, who are facing more hunger and more cold as a result of this war.
Barber also reminds us of all the other wars currently being fought around the world:
We need a cease-fire in every war being fought around the world. The fragile cease-fire in Yemen is barely holding. We need cease-fires in Sudan and South Sudan, in Somalia and Mali, in Myanmar and Iraq and beyond.
Ceasefire.ca comments:
The difference with all those other wars, however, as the International Crisis Group regularly informs us, is that there are systematic, ongoing diplomatic peacemaking efforts to achieve cease-fires and then more permanent peace agreements.
Reverend Barber continues:
Militarism is central to all of the interconnected injustices that we fight against. Military spending diverts funds away from desperately needed social programs from health care to child care, from jobs to sustainable energy, from elder care to education, and more.
RI President Peggy Mason comments:
This appeal is meant to remind us that, no matter how difficult the challenges, no matter how terrible the provocations, we need to start putting at least as much energy into diplomatically ending the war in Ukraine as we are in continuing it militarily.
We end this segment with the words of Professor Emeritus Rajan Manon from a welcome, but all-too-rare mainstream media article back in November 2022 entitled We can't keep treating negotiations to end the Ukraine war as off limits (Guardian.com).
Manon writes:
The notion that offering proposals for ending the war betrays Kyiv and aids Moscow is absurd. We need constructive discussions about diplomatic solutions. One day, they will be needed.
Additionally, preparations now may also facilitate the earlier arrival of that day.
UPDATE ON NUCLEAR RISKS: THE BIDEN NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEW
The public release of the Biden administration's long-awaited Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) took place on 27 October 2022 and was not commented on in our blog posts around that date. We remedy that oversight now.
A recent analysis by Leonor Tomero, a Biden appointee removed from her key role in the review due to Pentagon objections, opens with this overall assessment:
the new Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) makes relatively few changes from the 2018 [Trump administration] NPR, continuing decades-long policies and strategies…. [including] the … warfighting strategy that drives high numbers of nuclear weapons….
It maintains focus on both nuclear modernization and arms control/risk reduction as essential elements of deterrence but falls short on actions to reduce the role of nuclear weapons, which was a priority goal for Biden.
With respect to that stated Biden priority, Tomero references Biden's Interim National Security Strategic Guidance, March 2021, which includes this commitment:
We will take steps to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy, while ensuring our strategic deterrent remains safe, secure and effective and that our extended deterrence commitments to our allies remain strong and credible.
See also National Security Strategy, November 2022, stating:
We remain equally committed to reducing the risks of nuclear war. This includes taking further steps to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our strategy.
But, as Tomero outlines, the NPR may even expand the role of nuclear weapons, by linking the nuclear deterrent to broader US defence strategy and national defence priorities, and by underscoring the linkage between conventional and nuclear elements of collective deterrence and defence.
This language echoes testimony we examined in an earlier blog segment on the Nuclear Posture Review wherein the former head of US Strategic (nuclear) Command stated:
Strategic [nuclear] deterrence is the foundation of our national defense policy and enables every U.S. military operation around the world. (emphasis added)
A failure to review America's nuclear posture
In a searing article by a veteran nuclear policy analyst entitled A failure to review America's nuclear posture (thebulletin.org, 28 October 2022), Joe Cirincione explains the reasons behind the lack of any significant change to the Pentagon's budgets and deployments, writing:
Primarily this is because US nuclear posture is not a rational response to an external threat environment.
It is driven by those who see nuclear superiority as a tool of global power, those who use nuclear security as a wedge issue in partisan politics, and by those powerful arms corporations that realize vast profits from manufacturing, marketing, and maintaining these deadly arsenals.
The question is complicated by a process that gives those most interested in continuing nuclear programs the authority to write the policy governing these weapons.
The Pentagon controls the pen.
In summation:
[Biden]… has let the Pentagon dictate his strategy rather than challenge a bureaucracy resisting any alteration of current programs and doctrine.
Cirincione concludes:
Policy should flow from the White House to executing departments, not the reverse. Let this be the end of a flawed, inadequate, and dangerous nuclear posture review process.
For more on what could — and should — have been done, see Joe Cirincione's Quincy Brief No. 19: Achieving a Safer U.S. Nuclear Posture (quincyinst.org, 7 February 2022).
Some good news on the arms control front in the NPR
In the recent analysis by Leonor Tomero, with which we began this segment, there is some good news. She writes:
the renewed focus on arms control and risk reduction in the 2022 NPR is clear, stating "[t]he United States is ready to expeditiously negotiate a new arms control framework to replace New START when it expires in 2026."
Having said that, however, she predicts that the
likely continuing challenges in the Senate to reach the 67 votes (2/3 majority) needed to approve a new arms control treaty portend the end of traditional arms control; thus creative, new ideas for achieving arms control objectives of predictability and strategic stability will become more important.
Whither Canada?
Now there is a clear agenda for Canada in promoting dialogue within NATO on how to help reduce nuclear risks and achieve the arms control objectives of predictability and strategic stability.
We reaffirm our call on the Government of Canada to exercise a leadership role within NATO in promoting dialogue on reducing nuclear risks and helping achieve the arms control objectives of predictability and strategic stability.
Multilateral disarmament in 2022
For a good overview of the general state of play on nuclear disarmament in 2022, featuring commentaries from two Canadian experts, see The Decline & Fall of Nuclear Disarmament in 2022 (indepthnews.net, 4 January 2023).
Despite the litany of generally bad news, one extremely positive element emerges — fewer long-term investments in 2022 in companies behind the nuclear weapons industry. A report from Don't Bank on the Bomb surmises:
This could signal that a growing number of long-term investors do not see nuclear weapon production as a sustainable growth market and regard companies involved in it as a risk to be avoided.
Can it be that investors have understood what the Ukraine war is clearly telling us — nuclear weapons simply have no credible role in warfighting, with the risks inherent in their use far outweighing any conceivable military gain?
"Modest progress" on review of Biological Weapons Convention
Despite the current backdrop of geopolitical tensions, the three-week review of the Biological Weapons Convention is being hailed as a "modest success," with an agreement to keep talking, establish a working group to tackle a long list of verification issues, and increase by one the UN unit that oversees treaty implementation.
In the words of UN Secretary-General António Guterres, the outcome of the Review Conference was
a glimmer of hope in an overall bleak international security environment.
For more analysis of the conference outcome and the general state of global arms control, see The treaties that make the world safer are struggling (vox.com, Jen Kirby, 5 January 2023).
UPDATE: THE FREELAND DOCTRINE AND CANADA'S INDO-PACIFIC POLICY
We canvassed the disastrous Freeland Doctrine — and how it might be fixed — in our 4 November 2022 blog post.
Zachary Paikin, an Institute for Peace and Diplomacy (IPD) Research Fellow, brilliantly extends the conversation by examining the significant weaknesses within, and contradictions between, the Freeland doctrine and Canada's new Indo-Pacific strategy. He writes:
The very notion [as Freeland contends] that today's world is framed by a competition between democracies and autocracies is belied by numerous easily observable facts.
In the case of Ukraine, democratic Western countries are turning to authoritarian Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Azerbaijan to help address the war's energy fallout.
Meanwhile, some of the world's largest democracies such as India and Brazil have largely shied away from condemning Russia's aggression against Ukraine.
Turning from the Ukraine war to the Indo-Pacific, he notes:
In the Indo-Pacific, Vietnam's Leninist political system has not prevented it from partnering with the West regarding its security concerns related to China.
He concludes, in what can only be described as a masterful understatement:
These facts suggest that Canada should not adopt the "democracy vs. autocracy" paradigm as a lodestar for strengthening its international engagement, given that it fails to capture the dynamics of the biggest geopolitical challenges of today (Ukraine) and tomorrow (the Indo-Pacific).
For the full analysis, which we highly recommend, see The "Freeland Doctrine" and Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy: Between isolation and confusion (ras-nsa.ca, 2 January 2023).
OPEN LETTER FROM OUTER SPACE INSTITUTE
The Canadian-based Outer Space Institute is now seeking further signatures to its Open Letter on reducing risks from uncontrolled reentries of rocket bodies and other space objects. The letter begins:
The uncontrolled reentry of space objects presents a significant, cumulative, fast-growing risk to human beings around the world.
Accordingly, the letter calls for:
the initiation of multilateral negotiations on a controlled reentry agreement; and
leadership by individual states through an immediate and unilateral commitment to a national, controlled reentry regime.
The Open Letter has already been signed by a distinguished group including former foreign ministers, heads of national space agencies, astronauts, and ambassadors, as well as a Nobel Prize winner, a retired Chief Scientist of NASA, and more than 100 leading academics from dozens of countries.
The full text of the Open Letter and the full list of signatories to date can be obtained HERE. For a discussion of these recommendations by the Outer Space Institute Co-Director Michael Byers, click HERE.
You can add your signature to the Open letter by clicking HERE and following the instructions.
We call upon the Government of Canada to demonstrate leadership in the peaceful uses of outer space by supporting multilateral negotiations on a controlled reentry agreement of space objects; and, to this end, committing to an immediate and unilateral national, controlled reentry regime.
NOTABLE NOTES: CANADA'S MIDDLE EAST ENGAGEMENT
For a refreshing reconceptualization of Canada's Middle East policy, drawing in part on our historical engagement with that region, in stark contrast to our current approach, see Charting a New Path for Canadian Engagement with the Middle East by Jeremy Wildeman (peacediplomacy.org, 5 January 2023).
In the author's view, Canada can upgrade its regional understanding and its ability to pursue its interests in the Middle East in part from
reviewing and learning from Canada's past practices and approaching the region as a fair-minded actor with an aim of contributing to its peace, security and prosperity.
Photo credit: Wikimedia
Ceasefire.ca is a public outreach project of the Rideau Institute linking Canadians working together for peace. We depend on your donations as we accept no funding from government or industry to protect our independence. Thank you for your support….
Tags: Biden nuclear posture review (NPR), Canada and the Middle East, Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy, controlled reentry agreement, Don't Bank on the Bomb, Dr. Jeremy Wildeman, Freeland doctrine, Future Crunch, Joe Cirincione, Leonor Tomero, Leonor Tomor, malaria vaccine, Michael Byers, national security strategy, nuclear risks, Outer Space Institute, Peggy Mason, Rev. William Barber II, role of nuclear weapons, strategic arms control, strategic stability, Ukraine cease-fire, uncontrolled reentry of space objects, Zachary Paikin
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Summing up the week, we recall the new statements of SEC representatives regarding the classification of Ethereum, tokens and steylcoin, a curious change in the policy of providing the USDT token, and also assess the overall positive developments in the markets.
On Saturday, March 16, the weighted average rate of Bitcoin for the first time since February 24, returned to the marks above $ 4,000 , reaching, according to CoinMarketCap, the maximum value of $ 4,077. Sure upward movement was accompanied by a surge in trading volumes – the day before this figure was the first time since April last year when the first cryptocurrency was trading around $ 8,845, exceeded $ 11 billion.
Weekly growth of Bitcoin amounted to 2.44%, capitalization rose to $ 71 billion.
As a cryptocurrency expert Kevin Rook pointed out on Twitter, in general, over the past five months, BTC trading volumes have grown by about 150%, while average daily volumes today are at their highest rates since January 2018. He also points out that over the past 12 months, only 9 days showed trading volumes above $ 10 billion, and five of those nine days were in March 2019.
On the positive wave, the week and the rest of the market is closing, with the most impressive indicators in the top ten of CoinMarketCap demonstrated Bitcoin Cash (18.64%), Stellar Lumens (13.36%) and Binance Coin (11.04%).
Cardano and Dash showed the highest growth among the closest pursuers – 13.30% and 11.21%, respectively.
Ethereum ends the week by trading at $ 141 (+ 3.38%), Litecoin (+ 8.18%) has risen above $ 61.
The USDT token linked to the US dollar, as was assumed until recently, is fully secured with hard currency. However, the latest revision on the website of the issuer of steblockcoin of the company Tether says that the situation is now different.
We are talking about the USDT collateral section, and as the company now claims, each coin is provided with "reserves that include traditional currency and cash equivalents, as well as, from time to time … other assets and upcoming loan proceeds that Tether provided to third parties ". At the same time, the company insists that each token is still pegged to the USD in a 1×1 ratio.
Earlier, Tether stated that all USDT coins are 100% secured by the US dollar. In part, these allegations at the end of last year were confirmed by Bloomberg.
This week, the chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Jay Clayton, expressed the opinion that the Ethereum, the second most capitalized cryptocurrency, most likely cannot qualify as security. Thus, Clayton agreed with the statement made last year by the head of the SEC Corporate Finance Department, William Hinman.
"I agree with Hinman's explanation that a digital asset transaction may cease to be an investment contract. For example, if buyers have no reason to expect that a person or group of individuals will show management efforts and entrepreneurial skills. Under such circumstances, a digital asset may not constitute an investment contract in the context of the Howie test, "said the head of the SEC.
Somewhat later, Commissioner's senior digital asset adviser Valerie Schepanik, however, said that the norms of securities legislation could apply to some types of steklokoinov.
According to her, one stablecoin can be tied to real assets like gold or real estate, another to fiat currency, and the third to use various "financial mechanisms that support price stability." It is the third category, in its opinion, that can become the object of close attention of the regulator.
One of the main newsmakers of the week was project Stellar. So, on Tuesday, March 12, the Stellar Development Foundation introduced a new logo , abandoning the "spacecraft", which has long been associated with this cryptocurrency.
The very next day, the leading US cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase Pro announced support for Stellar Lumens (XLM) . Soon we can expect the appearance of XLM on the main platform Coinbase.com and in mobile applications.
And on Friday it became known that the Stellar Development Foundation was headed by the former Mozilla chief operating officer Denel Dickson. In this position, she changed the creator of the project Jed McCaleb. The latter took the position of chief architect and will be responsible for further developing the protocol and creating a strategy for mass adoption of cryptocurrency.
Against the background of these events, the average weighted rate of the coin, having begun its growth last week, rose at a certain point on Thursday to $ 0.111709. Taking into account a slight correction at the weekend, in general, over the past seven days, XLM has grown by more than 13%, and the cryptocurrency itself, having appreciably strengthened in relation to BTC, has become the eighth largest in terms of capitalization.
On Wednesday, March 13, Tendermint Inc. officially announced the launch of Cosmos Hub , the first of the Proof-of-Stake blockchain series, which will become part of the Cosmos ecosystem in the future. Work on the project, designed to ensure compatibility of different blockchains – primarily Ethereum and Bitcoin, has been carried out over the past three years. The release of Cosmos Hub units started on Wednesday, March 13, at 23:00 UTC.
Transactions with Cosmos ATOM's own tokens are not yet available to users. These tokens will serve as a kind of collateral for validators, and they are currently used as a mechanism for choosing Cosmos Network membership.
And on Friday, Poloniex announced the listing of the token of the ATOM, although the trading is still unavailable as of now: users can only view the balances, for which they need to enter a seed phrase from the corresponding wallet in the exchange interface.
The ATOM trades in pairs with Bitcoin and USDC will be open after voting of the Cosmos network members for activating the transfer function.
At the same time, Tendermint Inc. reported about attracting $ 9 million for the development of the Cosmos ecosystem. Serie A's round of financing led Paradigm hedge fund, managed by Coinbase co-founder Fred Ersam.
On Tuesday, Bittrex International announced the launch of its own platform for initial exchange offers (IEO). The first such campaign involving a game-oriented RAID project was to take place on Friday, March 15 but was canceled at the last moment.
The official reason was the gap between the strategic partnership between the RAID project and the company OP.GG. Representatives of the trading platform felt that in such a situation holding a tokensail contradicts the interests of investors.
Another reason for the decision Bittrex could be an investigation in the publication of Coinspeaker, which further questioned the integrity of the creators of the project.
This week, the Tokyo District Court recognized the former CEO of Mt. Gox Mark Carpeles guilty of falsifying documents and sentenced to two years and six months in prison. Nevertheless, Karpeles has a suspended sentence of four years ahead in order to prove his reliability and avoid a real prison sentence.
Note that the prosecutor's office demanded 10 years in prison for Karpeles, but he was found not guilty on charges of embezzlement and violation of corporate law.
"I am grateful to the court and am glad that I was found not guilty of embezzlement and breach of obligations, " said the Frenchman.
Karpeles and his lawyers intend to assess the situation and develop a strategy for action on the charges.
On March 12, the State Duma of the Russian Federation finally approved the law on digital rights.T hat it will mean for the crypto industry in Russia, we have prepared a separate material, having disassembled the document.
In addition, this week the Central Bank offered to limit the annual amount of crypto active assets available for purchase to unqualified investors. Later, the head of the State Duma Committee on Financial Market, Anatoly Aksakov, explained that the proposal concerns only the participation of unqualified investors in the ICO.
This week, the beloved Roskomnadzor, guided by the decision of the Kuybyshevsky District Court of Omsk on July 24, 2018, entered the banned sites in the register and blocked access to four cryptocurrency exchangers: Bestchange.ru, Fastobmen.net, Pushpayer.com and Xchange. cash. In its ruling, the court refers to the federal laws "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation" dated July 10, 2002, and "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection" dated July 27, 2006, as well as the information letter of Rosfinmonitoring and the Central Bank of 2014.
Proceeding from them, Bitcoin is recognized as "a money surrogate, which contributes to the growth of the shadow economy, and cannot be used by citizens and legal entities on the territory of the Russian Federation".


Mercer is to offer members of its KiwiSaver schemes contributions insurance, underwritten by CIGNA. The product is said to be 'similar' to the products CIGNA offers through the supermarket chain Countdown. Link.


Scotland is renowned for its beautiful traditional settlements and historical castles. It is believed that the country once had some 3000 castles, some of which are still in use today, while others lie in ruins. This perfectly paced 4 day tour explores the history of Doune Castle, Blair Castle and charming highland villages of the magical highlands whilst enjoying some of the most beautiful and diverse scenery in Scotland all topped off with a tour of a Whisky Distillery to sample the "Water of Life". We visit the villages of Carrbridge, Pitlochry, Fort Augustus on Loch Ness, Luss on Loch Lomond and the fishing villages of Crail and Anstruther.
Day 4 explores the East Neuk of Fife and St Andrews; the home of golf and the home of Prince William while he attended the University - one of the oldest in the world. Explore the medieval centre of St Andrews, consisting of narrow alleys and cobbled streets with shops, restaurants and cafés. You can also view the remains of St Andrews Castle, and the now ruined Cathedral. We head back to Edinburgh via the quaint East Neuk fishing villages of Crail and Anstruther.


Kymab has received permission to appeal the decision of the UK Court of Appeal to overturn the decision of the High Court trial judge, Mr. Justice Henry Carr, to revoke two patents owned by Regeneron that seek to cover genetically modified mice containing human antibody variable region loci and humanised antibodies from such mice.
Cambridge, UK; 30 November 2018: Kymab, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing fully human monoclonal antibody therapeutics, announces that it has received permission to appeal the decision of the UK Court of Appeal to overturn the decision of the High Court trial judge, Mr. Justice Henry Carr, to revoke two patents (European Patent EP(UK) 1 360 287 and EP(UK) 2 264 163) owned by Regeneron.
The patents in question seek to cover genetically modified mice containing human antibody variable region loci and humanised antibodies from such mice. The High Court decided on 1 February 2016, in agreement with Kymab, that Regeneron's patents were invalid as they failed to disclose sufficient information to allow the claimed inventions to be performed. The decision of the High Court was subsequently overturned by the Court of Appeal.
Permission to appeal to the Supreme Court has been granted on the grounds that the Court of Appeal wrongly interpreted and applied the law of insufficiency.


SnarkyDork: Tonight's Post Brought To You By The Letter "T"
T can also be TGIF.
T for have a "Terrific" weekend. Tuck in some "me" time into that Timewarp and you'll start to feel on Top of it.
Argh! I'm being taken over by the letter T. Helpt me, helpt me!


text:
Home History Sant Ravidas And His Fight Against Casteism
Sant Ravidas And His Fight Against Casteism
Manohar Boda
"Jaati- Jaati Mei Jaati Hei, Jo Ketan Ke Paath
Raidas Manush Naa Jud Sake, Jab tak Jaati Na Jaat"
This verse of Sant Ravidas says that if the banana's stem is deconstructed, it may seem like there is yet another layer under a layer and as though nothing ends in the end, until the tree by itself is finished. In a similar fashion, humans are divided into layers of a hierarchy called caste. There may be an end to the man but the institution of caste remains. Therefore, humans should try to eliminate such evils.
Professor Kancha Ilaiah in his book Why I am not a Hindu argues that the world of the social groups whom he refers as the Dalit-Bahujans of India hardly have anything in common with socio-cultural and political environment of Hindu-Brahminism. The Dalit-Bahujans live together with the Hindus in the civil society of Indian villages and urban centres, but two cultural worlds are not merely different, they are opposed to each other. He believes that Hindu thinking is set against the interests of Dalit-Bahujan castes and that Hindu mythology is built by destroying the Dalit-Bahujan cultural ethos. Further, he argues Dalit-Bahujan cultures were never allowed to develop into modernity and equality.
Rather than sticking himself to the concept of God and Aaradhana, his famous 'Raidasi Dohe' reflected the life and struggles of productive working masses.
These views of Kancha Ilaiah are not merely a result of field study but of lived experiences. The views convey the fact that the culture of Dalit-Bahujans was always undermined by the existence of the Brahminical culture. As a result, the writers, poets, and gurus who belonged to the Dalit-Bahujan communities were not acknowledged by caste-Hindus.
Ravidas was one such saint and poet who belonged to the Bhakti tradition of the fifteenth century. On the Bhakti tradition, Gail Omvedt writes, "radical bhakti (devotional) movement had swept over northern and western India, bringing together women and men of low caste to proclaim equality and reject Brahmanic ritualism and caste hierarchy."
Also read: Periyar E V Ramasamy: A True Leader Of The Marginalised
Ravidas was a philosopher who was a contemporary to Sant Kabir. Rather than sticking to the concept of God and Aaradhana, his famous 'Raidasi Dohe' reflected the life and struggles of working masses. This piece briefly discusses the life and works of Sant Ravidas.
The detailed information on Ravidas's life is not available adequately due to his birth in a lower caste group of chamars. It was the resultant effect of Brahminism and its control over education. Many believe he was born in the middle of the fifteenth century. He was born in the village of seer Goverdhanapur near Benaras, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, India. The caste occupation attached to his community is leather work which continues to date. During his pursuit of spiritualism he continued to work as a leather-worker. He was the champion of nirguna sampradaya of Sant Parampara. It is a tradition of formless god. The mode of worship was against the conventional ritualistic practices of Brahminical Hindu dharma.
Ravidas, also famously called as Raidas, was a cobbler, saint, poet, philosopher, and social reformer, all rolled into one, who employed bhakti as a method of social protest against the centuries-old system of untouchability. Some mistake his trajectory of spiritualism for sanskritisation. However, though he did not abandon the leather work occupation, he did propagate the dignity of labour. He did choose nirguna sampradaya to contest caste-based social exclusion and oppression. At the time when Hindu social order is very rigid and stringent, his approach to spirituality was a radical way forward. He had suffered the wrath of the priestly class during his lifetime. The modus operandi of Raidas emphasised basic human dignity and compassion for all. It reflected the democratic and egalitarian traits of his social philosophy.
The movement led by Ravidas helped many social groups in instituting self-respect for themselves and accept the conception of a formless god.
Ravidas challenged Brahminical superiority by imitating their dress code. In other words, he challenged his tormentors by employing the iconography of their dress as a symbol of resistance while performing leather work. It was not only highly objectionable but also equally deadly for a lower caste person during his time. During the medieval period in Indian history, at least animals were treated better than persons belonging to downtrodden social groups, for these groups there wasn't a concept of assertion and self-respect. People from these social groups were under mental slavery in the name of divine justice of karma. Though these groups were barred from entering into the spiritual sphere in the casteist Hindu society, it was the movement led by Ravidas that helped some of these social groups in instituting self-respect for themselves and accept the conception of a formless god.
Also read: The Bhakti Movement and Roots of Indian Feminism
Ravidas was innovative in choosing poetry as a vehicle of his movement which really has an everlasting impact on the Indian society. Ravidas during his life used Dera as a medium of reaching to his followers, the tradition continues till date. He died around in the middle of the sixteenth century.
Featured Image Source: Dainik Bhaskar
Sant Ravidas
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Manohar Boda is an Independent Researcher, activist and a former student at JNU - New Delhi.
Badal February 19, 2019 At 7:50 PM
You always try to find negative things in Hinduism and propagate it.i never seen you to propagate any positive facts. If people are so bad at that time then who dalit population is so much in country.
Caste Guest Writer - January 27, 2021 0
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text:
(Created page with "St Mark is recognized by all Christians world-wide as one of the four Evangelists who wrote a Holy Gospel. In addition, for our beloved Coptic Church, St Mark is also our pr...")
Syria, and Babylonia. These gods included:
* ''Rua'' - The god of the sun. Rua was considered by the pagans to be the source of light and warmth. Heliopolis "Ainshams" was the center of its worship and from this center gradually its false teachings were spread throughout all of Egypt.
* ''Amon'' - The invisible god. Tibha was the center of worship for this particular god. Later during
* ''Amon'' - The invisible god. Tibha was the center of worship for this particular god. Later during the Egyptian state, Amon was combined with Rua and the combined worship came to be termed Amon Rua.
the Egyptian state, Amon was combined with Rua and the combined worship came to be
* ''Osiris'' - The messenger god of love and peace among the people. This god of peace and love originated from Syria.
termed Amon Rua.
* ''Osiris'' - The messenger god of love and peace among the people. This god of peace and love
originated from Syria.


I recently completed an article outlining a day in the life of a technical writer (well a day in MY life as a technical writer), and thought I'd take a stab at filling out the rest of the day on here. I can't publish my 'working day' article until the magazine comes out, so there will be a big gap there but it'd just bore you anyway.
My typical weekday starts at 6.30 am. Well it used to, it now starts whenever a small black furry creature decides it's time to leap up onto the bed and gently knead one of us awake (that sounds odd, cat owners will know what I mean). Regardless, the alarm goes off around 6.15 am, and the snooze button is quickly employed, at least once, sometimes twice depending on how many times I've awoken during the night. I tend to sleep lightly until around 3am so any noises or, say, cats leaping onto the bed, tend to wake me up.
Rolling out of bed, the first and usually most pressing matter to be dealt with is my bladder (too much detail?) and then it's a quick shower and time to get dressed. I'm lucky that my darling wife doesn't trust me to iron my shirts properly so there is usually one waiting for me, a quick check to see if my boxer shorts will last another day or whether I need to change them (I'm KIDDING!) and then an important part of my morning.
My office is based in a fairly out of the way location with no shops within walking distance, so the restaurant/canteen downstairs is our main source of food. I've tried my best to be disciplined and to make my lunch to take with me but it just doesn't work and I usually end up buying my lunch at the office. With that in mind, when the company launched a salary sacrifice scheme for the canteen I signed up immediately (they are contributing 30% on top of what I put in so I'm saving money this way, kinda).
That means that I need to make sure I've got my wallet with me or I'm stumped. I still carry a couple of pounds in change, just in case, but after slipping my wallet into my back pocket, strapping my watch to my wrist and grabbing anything else I need for work (iPod, USB drive and occasionally my notepad or a book) I toddle downstairs for a glass of fresh orange.
Feed the cat, check his litter tray and generally potter until we are both ready to leave, usually just after 7am. The commute takes around 40 minutes most mornings, and I tend to drive the bulk of it as it involves a short spell on a country road which she doesn't like driving. She'll leave me at the office and take the car with her as she works about 10 minutes away. I don't have a fixed time to start but have gotten used to the timings which allow us to miss the bulk of the traffic in the morning, and allow me an hour or more of peace and quiet until everyone else arrives.
These days I eat breakfast in work, typically Fruit and Fibre in a throwaway attempt at being healthy, then it's coffee and my working day has begun.
As the clock rolls past 5pm I start thinking about going home. Louise and I trade the odd email during the day so I've usually got a fair idea of what is planned for that evening. She picks me up around 5.20 and we doddle home as quickly as the traffic allows to be greeted by Ollie who has, obviously, learned what our car sounds like.
We usually have a cup of coffee when we first get into the house, sort through any mail and double-check plans for the evening. Although since Louise changed jobs and we now commute together, we've usually covered all that so depending on what is in store sometimes it's a straight dash for dinner. Louise is currently dieting (really well too, almost 2 stones in 4 months!) so she'll prepare something that she can eat, and I'll take a bit of whatever is on offer.
A little bit of TV whilst dinner digests, typically something we don't need to concentrate on (hello Friends, Frasier, Simpsons, and Everybody Loves Raymond) and it's time for some household chores. Of the two of us I'm the tidier, and tend to focus on that type of thing, which is handy as apparently I don't hang the washing up correctly… hey that's what I'm told, don't blame me!
I don't tend to watch "live" TV these days, unless it's sport related, and the decision is usually to do some work on the computer, play a game (PS2 or Wii) or chill out and play with the cat. One of us will knacker him out at some point in the evening and the rest of my night, and more nights than is healthy, the PC will win the battle for my attention.
Boring huh. Still, it filled a blog post.
My typical weekday's changed a lot over the last month or so. But the biggest change is in terms of time. Getting up between 6.30 and 7am is killing me, as I've been used to getting up around 7.30am. That has a knock on effect – I basically sleepwalk through showering, make up and hair before coming to around an hour after I've been at work – and means I need to be in bed earlier than my usual time of around midnight.
On top of that, I'm leaving the office around 6pm instead of between 4 and 5pm in my last job. I've heard the phrase "cash rich and time poor" in women's magazines and while I may not be rich, I am suddenly time poor!
I used to work 4 on 4 off, 6am – 6pm but have recently changed to something more sane. I am now working 8:30 to 17:00 Sunday to Thursday which is much nicer.
I wake at 7am and shower, get ready for work, etc. Then I make some coffee and do my sandwiches for work. After that I work for 40 minutes or so on whatever OU course I'm doing at the time and go to work at 8am. I cycle so it takes me about 20 minutes to get there.
I have to have a cigarette as soon as I get to work and then start work proper at 8:30am. I do what I have to do and then my Dad picks me up at 5pm in his Van so I don't have to cycle home.
Dinner is at 6pm roughly and by 7pm I'm ready to sleep. I might do some more OU work but I'm generally in bed by 9pm. I'll stick a DVD on and watch that for the night, waking up only to press play and watch it all over again.
6 hours a night is a lot of sleep!
It's nice that you two get to drive to work together.
Get Louise to email me her diet!
well done to louise! whats her diet?? do share, i'd love to lose 2 stone in 4 months.
Your 'salary sacrifice' is actually xeducted from your gross before tax and NI so your employer saves 10%, and you save 30%, unless your under 33k in which case its about 30%.


Brokers across the country acknowledge the growing number of online rate shoppers, but finally a study has been conducted to give a glimpse into just how prevalent they are.
According to a recently released poll about the prevalence of technology in the home buying process, 90 per cent of those polled used some sort of technology when purchasing a home. The poll included over 1,000 people and took place in the United States; the data still gives a glimpse into consumer habits applicable to Canada.
The study also found that more than 70 per cent of home buyers submitted e-docs to their lender or broker and that 47 per cent were pre-qualified for a mortgage online.
Further, 92 per cent of those who used technology to submit documents said it helped save time and 83 per cent said it helped them stay organized.
Could you provide a link to the study?


A Hollywood inspired dance workshop tour is set to bring a taste of the silver screen to older Breckland residents.
Run by Glass House Dance company, the free workshops are for older people are part of the Silver Social project, which aims to end loneliness.
Founders Laura McGill and Sarah Lewis will be sharing a free workshop with musical classics, games and dancing.
The workshops will tour Breckland from Monday, January 21, to Wednesday, January 23, starting with Thetford Library on January 21, at 10am; Dereham Library on January 22 at 10am, and Swaffham Library at 2pm.
The final date will be at Attleborough Library on January 23 at 10am, and then Watton Library at 2pm.
A spokesperson for the project said: "This will be a fun, free workshop, open for all ages to attend, but focused on older residents and dementia inclusive.
For more information call on 01362 656870 or visit www.thesilversocial.com/events .


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On October 8th, 2015, over 400 of Harlem Lacrosse's friends and supporters joined us for our annual benefit at the Yale Club of New York City to learn more about our work and to help us continue to serve students in Harlem and Baltimore.
Before the event, Dom Starsia and Chris Sailer, who are Harlem Lacrosse Executive Board Members and coach at the University of Virginia and Princeton respectively, visited Harlem Lacrosse school sites and ran lacrosse clinics for student-participants.
At the benefit, Harlem Lacrosse Executive Board Members Chris Baldwin, Starsia, and Sailer, Founder Simon Cataldo, and student-athlete Eniola Arogundade spoke about our history, growth, and impact. Harlem Lacrosse's guests also enjoyed entertainment by JB Benn "Magic Man", food provided by Gabriele Corcos, star of Extra Virgin and owner of The Tuscan Gun Officine and Alimentari, and gift bags courtesy of 4POINT4 and AT PEAK.
Special thanks to Harlem Lacrosse's Coaches Host Committee and Alumni Host Committee for rallying so much support from their school communities! We also thank the leaders of our partner school sites, Principal Claudia Aguirre, Principal Sharleen Bernard, Principal Charles DeBerry, Principal Joseph Gates, and Principal Marc Martin, for their ongoing support of our mission and programs.


text:
TALES, LEGENDS AND MYTHS OF RENNES-LE-CHATEAU
An extract from Jean-Luc Chaumeil's book,
THE TABLE OF ISIS, Part 2, THE TEMPLARS OF THE APOCALYPSE (1994).
On the eve of the two hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution, the good people of France watching their television sets must have thought they were dreaming when they watched and listened to the virtually science fiction style legend of the life of a priest in the South of France. The story combined sex, death and buried treasure; unfortunately, alas, the actors and script formed a whole that was incongruous and rather poor in quality!
On the other hand, one fact was clear and indisputable: the dramatic botch-up had come straight out of a work of fiction, and that's all there was to it. But this was not always the case, either in the local press, or in the first account told by Robert Charroux, later developed by Gérard de Sède-Chérisey-Plantard, up to the "Message" of the sacred enigma (the blessed enigma, without punning), where the wildest hypotheses have been produced, fortunately without any real success, regarding the restoration of the Grand Monarch. The latest nonsense to date, after the odysseys of the British, makes a poor impression even if the author is led to take a ride in a flying saucer to have discussion with the Knights of the Black Order….
So, one of two things: either this unbelievable storyTHE MESSAGE OF A SACRED ENIGMA -
has some respectable foundations, or it is the dumping ground for fantasies of every sort.
Let us recapitulate the few facts that are quite clear:
1° - Robert Charroux elaborated the story of Abbé Saunière's treasure from the basis of parchments (wooden scrolls, filled with ferns), the inscription on a gravestone, and the legend of the treasure of Saint Louis. Previously, during the filming of a documentary for O.R.T.F. (French Radio and Television Organisation), he had carried out some excavations in the cemetery, but in vain…
2° - Gérard de Sède, after the Gisors fiasco, together with Pierre Plantard and Philippe de Chérisey, brought out in 1967 THE ACCURSED GOLD, based on elements that were completely falsified:
In an unpublished collection, STONE AND PAPER, Philippe de Chérisey acknowledged and explained how he had created the infamous "parchments of Abbé Saunière". The careful observer could have noticed, as early as 1967, that the faint inscription on the altar of the church at Rennes-le-Château was copied in the said parchments, especially regarding the first two lines. Finally, to put an end to this major point, we can inform you that the two fakes are in our possession, that they have been analysed, and that they are no older than a quarter of a century!
3° - The inscription: Reddis-Regis-Cellis-Arcis originates from the same fabrication, as the local journalist of 1905 bears witness!
4° - The Visigothic pillar was neither hollow nor ancient, but was in fact a Carolingian imitation, constructed and engraved in 1890. A smaller version has been found in Carcassonne with the signature of the engraver!
5° - The loans from the Land Savings Bank ("Crédit Foncier") for which we have the paperwork, show clearly that from 1905 Abbé Saunière lived in some poverty. As for the constructions he had built, all the people that have visited this village of few inhabitants have come away greatly disappointed!
6° - The curious hypothesis in the last romance of Gérard de Sède, returning again to the priest's treasure to substantiate a Rosicrucian Rite, based on the creators of the society of the Alpha-Galates, is even less believable.
It is sufficient to consult the secret service report on the above-mentioned organisation, dated 29th November 1942, which ends with a more prosaic, even derisory version: "In response to a request for information from the Minister of the Interior, because of the distribution in Brittany of various tracts signed by a 'Varans Vincent', giving the headquarters of the association as 36 rue de l'Abbé Groult, Paris (15), the Alpha-Galates association was under investigation from 18th July 1942."
The investigations carried out at that time did not manage to track down anyone called 'Varans Vincent' or any association called 'Alpha Galates' at this address. It seems now that it was in fact the work of someone called Plantard who is known sometimes to adopt the pseudonym of "Varrans de Verrestra". To sum up, we can consider the creation of the association of the Alpha-Galates to be no more than a new attempt by Plantard to be taken seriously by the authorities. In any case, the membership total of 673 given by the organisers is far from accurate.
On 13th February 1945 a second secret service report painted a complete portrait of Pierre Plantard, which is quite revealing:
M. Plantard, Pierre Athanase Marie a.k.a. "Pierre de France", born on 18th March 1920 in Paris (7°), son of Pierre and Raulo Amélie, is unmarried.
Since 1st July 1942, resident at 10 rue Leboutex, Paris (17°), with his mother. Previously resided 22 Place Malesherbes (same district). Declared profession: journalist, speaker; at present practices no profession. For several years has been sexton for the parish of Saint-Louis d'Antin. In fact, he seems to be dependent on his mother, who receives a pension since the death of her husband, killed in a work accident.
In 1937, M. Plantard attempted to form an anti-Jewish and anti-Masonic movement, with the aim of "purifying and renewing France". From M. Daladier, the then Prime Minister, he sought authorisation to publish a journal entitled "The Renewal of France" for distribution to members of the movement. He also led a "Catholic youth group", officially for youth recreation in the various parishes of Paris. Every year this group organised a holiday camp at Pléstin-les-Gréves (Côtes du NORD, Brittany), which in 1939 numbered 75 young people.
Plantard addressed a conference of young people organised by the "Catholic youth group" on 20th June 1939 at the Villiers Hall.
On 16th December 1940 he wrote a letter to Marshal Pétain, which on the pretext of denouncing a Jewish Masonic plot seemed rather more designed to draw attention to himself. Finally in May 1941, he formed an association known as "French National Renewal" which never became active, as authorisation was refused by the German authorities on 3rd September 1941.
On 24th October 1942 Plantard was investigated by French secret services at the request of the German authorities, after he had requested authorisation, which was in any case denied, to form the above-mentioned association.
These various requests, and perhaps his attitude towards the occupying authorities, earned him a four-month prison sentence in Fresnes prison. Plantard seemed to be a young crank with the delusion of being the only man capable of organising the young people of France.
FINALLY, this last report concluded: "According to information gathered, this association has shown no activity to date. There are approximately 50 members, which resign in turn, as soon as they have sussed the President of the association, and have realised that the association does not have a serious purpose".
We are a long way from the wild imaginings of Gérard de Sède or of the British in their latest work entitled "The Message".
7° - The same causes, producing the same effects: the consequences of forming "associations" will be much the same. Thus, on 26th August 1947 the "Latin Academy" was formed, replacing the Alpha-Galates and its President was none other than Mrs Amélie-Raulo Plantard! Its declared aim was "scientific research"! Finally, the Priory of Sion was created in 1956. We were able to contact former members of this office, who all burst out laughing when we mentioned Rennes-le-Château. According to its former President, the association was at the time a "club for boy scouts" and NOTHING MORE….!
8° - The genealogies so dear to the hearts of the readers of THE SACRED ENIGMA, have been taken straight from a special issue of the historical journal "les Cahiers de l'Histoire" (no.1, 1960) to which have been added the names of the ancestors of the former sexton, alias Varrin de Vincestra, a.k.a. Pierre de France, baptised as Saint-Clair, but known to the secret services and to the state as Pierre Plantard…
FAREWELL, to the Merovingian king turned former sexton, farewell to the British epic, farewell to the descendants of Jesus, farewell to the last Ayatollah of the British and to the…last Grand Master of the Templars. We remain amazed, however, at the headlong flight of Messrs Lincoln, Baigent, Richard Leigh and indeed….Gérard de Sède, who were perfectly aware of the existence of these two reports, filed under "Alpha Galates" in the archives of the Police headquarters, a file which is open to the general public…!
And so, now that we have recalled these eight points which form the myths and legends of Rennes-le-Château, let us ask ourselves what need there ever was for such extensive manipulations and operations, and bearing in mind the old-saying: "A legend repeated becomes a tale almost true", when M. André Gratadour comes along to inform us of his latest hypothesis.
Jean-Luc Chaumeil.
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Once again, New York cop John McClane is in the wrong place at the wrong time - this time he's waiting for his wife's plane to arrive at Washington's Dulles Airport when he uncovers a plot to sabotage the airport's landing system. The criminals wish to free a drug baron being extradited to America for trial by holding the airport to ransom until they all safely escape on another plane. However, if they'd known that Holly McClane was on a flight home to the very airport they were hijacking, they would have picked another day.
Download Die Hard 2: Die Harder in Digital HD from the iTunes store.
Die Hard 2: Die Harder images are © 20th Century Fox. All Rights Reserved.
Die Hard 2: Die Harder images © 20th Century Fox. All Rights Reserved.
Gen. Ramon Esperanza (Franco Nero) was from a fake country called Val Verde. This generic Latin American country was frequently used by Hollywood in the 1980s and early 1990s to depict a Spanish-speaking country similar to Cuba or Nicaragua, to avoid political controversy. Other films to use this country include Predator, and Commando.
Nice night to curl up in bed with a great movie!


text:
kinship group
Clan, kin group used as an organizational device in many traditional societies. Membership in a clan is traditionally defined in terms of descent from a common ancestor. This descent is usually unilineal, or derived only through the male (patriclan) or the female (matriclan) line. Normally, but not always, the clans are exogamous, or out-marrying: marriage within the clan is forbidden and regarded as a form of incest. Clans may segment into subclans or lineages, and genealogical records or myths may be altered to incorporate new members who have no biological relation to the clan.
Until the later 20th century, clans were a phenomenon of great interest to anthropologists, but since then they have generally become less important in analyses of cultural organization. From a functional perspective, clans help to unify groups by cross-cutting other forms of social organization, such as the settlement, postmarital residence patterns, or age sets. Allied clans generally have reciprocal relations, providing each other with mutual support and defense and with emotionally or financially taxing services such as funerals. Some clans express their unity in terms of the possession of a common emblem, which may represent the ancestral being or common origin of the members and, as such, is often an object of reverence.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Elizabeth Prine Pauls, Associate Editor.
India: Early Vedic period
…Rigveda the head of a clan is called the raja; this term commonly has been translated as "king," but more recent scholarship has suggested "chief" as more appropriate in this early context. If such a distinction is recognized, the entire corpus of Vedic literature can be interpreted as recording the…
Somalia: The great Somali migrations
As the Daarood and Isaaq clans grew in numbers and territory in the northeast, they began to vie with their Oromo neighbours, thus creating a general thrust toward the southwest. By the 16th century the movements that followed seem to have established much of the present distribution of Somali clans…
Somalia: The era of Scientific Socialism
…through regional committees on which clan elders (now renamed "peace-seekers") were placed under the authority of a chairman, who was invariably an official of the state apparatus. Clan loyalties were officially outlawed, and clan-inspired behaviour became a criminal offense. Of the government's many crash programs designed to transform society, the…
Dogra dynasty
Dogra dynasty, Rajput clan, or group of clans, in the Kashmir region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They form the chief, or mian, portion of Rajputs of the territory centred on Jammu (lying north of what is now Lahore, Pakistan, roughly between the Chenab and Ravi rivers). They attained…
Kinship, system of social organization based on real or putative family ties. The modern study of kinship can be traced back to mid-19th-century interests in comparative legal institutions and philology. In the late 19th century, however, the cross-cultural comparison of kinship institutions became…
More About Clan
22 references found in Britannica articles
Brehon laws
In Brehon laws
moiety system
In moiety system
In social status
ceremonialism
In animism: Ceremonialism
Native American literature descent myth
In Native American literature: Northwest Coast
In totemism: Birhor
Luo political units
In Luo
In Somalia: The great Somali migrations
In Somalia: The era of Scientific Socialism
In Zulu
Mataqali
clan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
English language, West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that is closely related…


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text:
Norrasjön kan syfta på ett antal insjöar i Sverige:

Norrasjö, sjö i Olofströms kommun,
Norrasjön, Blekinge, sjö i Karlshamns kommun,  (8,85 ha)
Norrasjön (Bringetofta socken, Småland), sjö i Nässjö kommun,  (7,89 ha)
Norrasjön (Näsby socken, Småland), sjö i Vetlanda kommun,  (82 ha)

Se även
Norrsjön
Norresjön

Listor över Sveriges insjöar baserat på namn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
{{Album
|ime_albuma     = Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash
|ime_glazbenika = Johnny Cash
|vrsta          = studijski album
|s_albuma       =
|slika          = Johnny cash - ring of fire.jpg
|žanr           = country
|datum          = kolovoz 1963.
|snimanje       = 24. srpnja 1958. - 25. ožujka 1963.
|trajanje       = 33:36
|izdavač        = Columbia Records
|producent      = Don Law, Frank Jones
|recenzija      = <ul>All Music Guide
|album_prije    = Blood, Sweat and Tears
|godina0        = 1963.
|godina         = 1963.
|album_poslije  = The Christmas Spirit
|godina2        = 1963.
}}

Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash je 16. album Johnnyja Casha, objavljen 1963. u izdanju Columbia Recordsa. Unatoč imenu, to nije kompilacija jer je Cash samo nekoliko pjesama s ovog albuma snimio prije. Zapravo, "Ring of Fire", jedna od najslavnijih Cashovih pjesama, prvi se put pojavila na ovom albumu, a ukupno je šest pjesama postalo singlovi od kojih je naslovna postigla najveći uspjeh.

Popis pjesama
 "Ring of Fire" (June Carter, Merle Kilgore) – 2:38
 "I'd Still Be There" (Cash, Johnny Horton) – 2:34
 "What Do I Care" (Cash) – 2:07
 "I Still Miss Someone" (Johnny Cash, Ray Cash) – 2:35
 "Forty Shades of Green" (Cash) – 2:54
 "Were You There When They Crucified My Lord" (Narodna) – 3:56
 "The Rebel - Johnny Yuma" (Richard Markowitz, Andrew Fenady) – 1:52
 "Bonanza" (Jay Livingston, Ray Evans) – 2:20
 "The Big Battle" (Cash) – 4:03
 "Remember the Alamo" (Jane Bowers) – 2:50
 "Tennessee Flat Top Box" (Cash) – 3:00
 "Peace In The Valley" (Thomas A. Dorsey) – 2:47

Izvođači
 Johnny Cash - vokali
 Luther Perkins, Jack Clement, Norman Blake - gitare
 Marshall Grant - bas
 Buddy Harman, W.S. Holland - bubnjevi
 Bill Pursell - kalvir
 Billy Lathum - bendžo
 Maybelle Carter - autoharfa
 Karl Garvin, Bill McElhiney - truba

Ljestvice
Album - Billboard (Sjeverna Amerika)

Singlovi - Billboard (Sjeverna Amerika)

Vanjske poveznice
 Podaci o albumu i tekstovi pjesama

Albumi iz 1963.
Albumi Johnnyja Casha


You're looking for a high-intensity workout, but don't want the mundane routine of a traditional gym. Or maybe you're an aspiring mixed martial artist looking for world-class training to prepare you for the octagon. From personal fitness to learning self-defense to training to fight at a competitive level, there are innumerable reasons why students choose to enroll in the Muay Thai program at the Academy of Combat Arts. If you're interested in learning this increasingly popular and highly rewarding sport, then you've come to the right place.
Why Train at the ACA?
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No Egos. No Intimidation. Just Expert Training.
When you first arrive at the Academy of Combat Arts, one of our instructors will walk you through an introductory lesson where you'll be shown around our gym, and shown some rudimentary techniques. From there, you'll develop your skills alongside other students such as yourself, with emphasis on learning the basics until you're prepared to advance. We cultivate an ego-free culture to ensure that your experience will be positive, supportive, and free from intimidation.
If you think you're interested in training in Muay Thai at the best martial arts gym in Fargo-Moorhead, but you're not sure if you're ready to commit, then sign up for a free 30-day trial to see if our program is right for you. If you decide you'd like to stick with it, we offer both six and 12 month contracts. If not, then no worries; you'll be under no financial obligation, and we'll always be here if you change your mind later.
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Get 30 days of free Muay Thai training from the best instructors in the Fargo-Moorhead area.


Dr. Buckwalter is an accomplished clinical psychologist with advanced training and two decades of experience in psychological and neuropsychological assessment and treatment. She brings a life dedicated to personal growth, academic excellence, quality client care, and respect for the uniqueness of each individual into every session in her highly respected private practice.
Dr. Buckwalter's training & experience in Psychology (focus on the individual), Neuropsychology (brain & cognition focus), & Couples/Family therapy (focus on relationships) uniquely qualify her to specialize in both assessment & treatment of a range of issues.
Selected articles and links are available to provide information about specific issues (like anxiety, depression, ADHD or cognitive difficulties), increase understanding of the process of therapy, and promote personal growth. Dr. Buckwalter's frequently used office forms are also available.
Everything that happens to us affects the way the brain develops.
Even when it is not fully attained, we become better by striving for a higher goal.
© Copyright 2019 | Dr. Deborah Buckwalter | All Rights Reserved.
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