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Cara H. Drinan, The War on Kids: How American Juvenile Justice Lost Its Way | mijn-bsl Skip to main content
08-03-2018 | Book Review
Cara H. Drinan, The War on Kids: How American Juvenile Justice Lost Its Way
New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018, 224 pp, ISBN 978-0-19-060555-1
Auteur: Amanda Jeannette Fish
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2018
In The War on Kids, Cara H. Drinan seeks to illustrate the progress society has made in regards to the interworkings of the juvenile justice system while emphasizing that there is still much work to be done. Drinan, like many members of the community, stands firm in her belief that the system has become much too punitive and has not focused enough on the rehabilitative aspects of the juvenile justice system. Throughout this book are a plethora of examples that help demonstrate the history of the juvenile justice system, its current state of affairs, and what components Drinan thinks need to be added to achieve a rehabilitative environment. …
vorige artikel Lizbet Simmons: The Prison School: Educational Inequality and School Discipline in the Age of Mass Incarceration
volgende artikel Neil Brewer and Robyn L. Young: Crime and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Myths and Mechanisms
go back to reference Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., Piquero, A. R., Greenwald, M. W., & Epps, N. (2017). Racial/ethnic disproportionality in psychiatric diagnoses and treatment in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1424–1451. CrossRefPubMed Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., Piquero, A. R., Greenwald, M. W., & Epps, N. (2017). Racial/ethnic disproportionality in psychiatric diagnoses and treatment in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1424–1451. CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Duprey, E. B., Oshri, A., & Caughy, M. O. (2017). Childhood neglect, internalizing symptoms and adolescent substance use: does the neighborhood context matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1582–1597. CrossRefPubMed Duprey, E. B., Oshri, A., & Caughy, M. O. (2017). Childhood neglect, internalizing symptoms and adolescent substance use: does the neighborhood context matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1582–1597. CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fine, A., Mahler, A., Steinberg, L., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2017). Individual in context: the role of impulse control on the association between the home, school, and neighborhood developmental contexts and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1488–1502. CrossRefPubMed Fine, A., Mahler, A., Steinberg, L., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2017). Individual in context: the role of impulse control on the association between the home, school, and neighborhood developmental contexts and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1488–1502. CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jensen, M., Chassin, L., & Gonzales, N. A. (2017). Neighborhood moderation of sensation seeking effects on adolescent substance use initiation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1953–1967. CrossRefPubMed Jensen, M., Chassin, L., & Gonzales, N. A. (2017). Neighborhood moderation of sensation seeking effects on adolescent substance use initiation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1953–1967. CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kempler, S. M., Schmidt, A. T., & Espinosa, E. M. (2017). Understanding the influence of mental health diagnosis and gender on placement decisions for justice-involved youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1562–1581. CrossRef Kempler, S. M., Schmidt, A. T., & Espinosa, E. M. (2017). Understanding the influence of mental health diagnosis and gender on placement decisions for justice-involved youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1562–1581. CrossRef
go back to reference Nieuwenhuis, J., Ham, M., Yu, R., Branje, S., Meeus, W., & Hooimheijer, P. (2017). Being poorer than the rest of the neighborhood: relative deprivation and problem behavior of youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1891–1904. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nieuwenhuis, J., Ham, M., Yu, R., Branje, S., Meeus, W., & Hooimheijer, P. (2017). Being poorer than the rest of the neighborhood: relative deprivation and problem behavior of youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1891–1904. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Wilson, B. D. M., Jordan, S. P., Meyer, I. H., Flores, A. R., Stemple, L., & Herman, J. L. (2017). Disproportionality and disparities among sexual minority youth in custody. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1547–1561. CrossRefPubMed Wilson, B. D. M., Jordan, S. P., Meyer, I. H., Flores, A. R., Stemple, L., & Herman, J. L. (2017). Disproportionality and disparities among sexual minority youth in custody. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1547–1561. CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wolff, K. T., Baglivio, M. T., Intravia, J., Greenwald, M. A., & Epps, N. (2017). The mobility of youth in the justice system: implications for recidivism. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1371–1393. CrossRefPubMed Wolff, K. T., Baglivio, M. T., Intravia, J., Greenwald, M. A., & Epps, N. (2017). The mobility of youth in the justice system: implications for recidivism. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1371–1393. CrossRefPubMed
Amanda Jeannette Fish
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2018
Empirical Research
Co-Brooding and Co-Reflection as Differential Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Friendship Quality in Adolescents: Investigating the Moderating Role of Gender
Do Growth Mindsets in Math Benefit Females? Identifying Pathways between Gender, Mindset, and Motivation
The Cost of Being Cool: How Adolescent Pseudomature Behavior Maps onto Adult Adjustment
Appraisal Support from Natural Mentors, Self-worth, and Psychological Distress: Examining the Experiences of Underrepresented Students Transitioning Through College
Disentangling the Relations between Social Identity and Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Competitive Youth Sport
Lizbet Simmons: The Prison School: Educational Inequality and School Discipline in the Age of Mass Incarceration

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The Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Modern Middle East
in History, Middle East Studies, Military History
A hundred years on from Sykes-Picot, the Middle East is in turmoil. These two things are intimately related.
Mark Sykes was a British diplomat, François Georges-Picot his French opposite number. They gave their names to a secret agreement to carve up the decaying Ottoman Empire between Britain, France, and Russia after the First World War.
The agreement unraveled. The Bolsheviks seized power in Russia, and Commissar of Foreign Affairs Leon Trotsky immediately published all the secret diplomacy he could find in the Tsarist archives. The Russians denounced imperialism and proclaimed world revolution: they would not be helping themselves to any part of someone else's country. On the other hand, the Italians and the Greeks had turned up at the victors' banquet and were demanding their share. The former grabbed the Dodecanese Islands. The latter were more ambitious: they launched a full-scale invasion of Anatolia, triggered a Turkish nationalist war of liberation, and were soundly and deservedly driven into the sea.
The British and the French also had problems. The British faced national insurgencies in Egypt in 1919 and Iraq in 1920. Nonetheless, they made the deal stick, grabbing and retaining Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq. The French had to fight their way into Damascus, ejecting Prince Feisal, the leader of the Arab Revolt. They thereby secured Lebanon and Syria. The motives were communications, oil, and profit. The Middle East stood astride the British Empire's route-way to India, both by sea, and—increasingly important—by air. It also had oil—as we now know, 70% of known global reserves—and the shift of the world's economies and militaries from coal power to oil power was already under way. French bankers had long-standing commercial relations with the Christian-Maronite bourgeoisie of Lebanon.
It was bad luck for the Arabs. The British had lied to persuade the Hashemite rulers of the Hijaz region of western Arabia to launch a revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1916. They told them they would back a united, independent, pan-Arab state in the region after the war. At the same time they were negotiating Sykes-Picot with the French and the Russians. The lines in the sand drawn then and, with minor exceptions, still there today are artifacts of Western imperialism. They have nothing to do with geography, ethnicity, religion, or anything contrived by the people of the region themselves.
The mess—for that is what it is—has served the Western powers well ever since. They created a region divided against itself a century ago, a region at war at war with itself ever since—state on state, sect against sect, Sunni versus Shia—and that is just fine for the oil corporates and the security wonks. Crucially, it has kept a good proportion of the oil bottled up in a string of miniature desert kingdoms run by medieval autocrats on the Western payroll.
Iraq can serve as a convenient case-study. When a murderous Western-backed autocrat was overthrown in Iran in 1979, they started funding and arming Iraq's Saddam Hussein, keeping up the flow through eight years of trench warfare that left a million dead.
When the war ended and the loans stopped flowing, leaving Iraq with crippling debts, Saddam attempted his own local reversal of Sykes-Picot, making a grab for the Kuwaiti oilfields that used to be part of Basra province. The First Gulf War (1990-1) was fought to stop that. Having secured Kuwait's oil, the British and the Americans then launched the Second Gulf War in 2003 to grab Iraq's oil. The country was invaded, Saddam's army was defeated, and the economy was sold off to foreign multinationals. The word for this is imperialism, though it was not the word generally used at the time.
And then it all fell to pieces in their hands. Iraq no longer exists. Instead there are three separate enclaves: a Shia region in the south, where most people look to Iran; a Kurdish region in the north, where people are fighting for a united Kurdistan, which would mean adding other bits from Iran, Syria, and Turkey; and the Sunni region in the west, now conjoined with large areas of eastern Syria under the black flag of Islamic State. This is what the Sykes-Picot carve-up and a century of Western intervention to keep the region fragmented and fractious has brought us to.
While the modern Middle East was being misconstrued in the secret cabals of imperial statesmen a century ago, a young archaeologist turned wartime intelligence officer and de facto guerrilla commander, T E Lawrence, was suffering a slow-motion mental collapse. It was caused by guilt.
He had entered Arabia in the autumn of 1916 full of ambition, enthusiasm, and zest for life; he left Syria in the autumn of 1918 with his mind darkened and destabilized. A romantic dream of a war of liberation in the desert had dissolved into a lived experience of murder, greed, and betrayal that made him "continually and bitterly ashamed". Convinced that he was leading men into battle—and sometimes to their deaths—on the basis of a colossal deception, he wrote this note for his superior in Cairo in June 1917:
Clayton. I've decided to go off alone to Damascus, hoping to get killed on the way. For all sakes, try and clear this show up before it goes further. We are calling them to fight for us on a lie, and I can't stand it.
In the event, he kept a semblance of sanity a few years more, but he came close to suicide in the early 1920s, and then, a long-term convalescent, he chose the anonymity and security of service in the ranks until shortly before his death in 1935.
Not the least interesting thing about 'Lawrence of Arabia' is that he is a metaphor for the highly dysfunctional Middle East designed by Western imperialism in 1916, and repeatedly patched up in the same ramshackle form ever since.
People sometimes ask me what I think 'we' should do about ISIS. We? Who are we? Western imperialism is, and always has been, the problem, not the solution, in the Middle East.
Neil Faulkner is a freelance academic archaeologist and historian and editor of Military History Monthly. A research fellow at the University of Bristol, he co-directed the Great Arab Revolt Project in Jordan (2006–14). He lives in Herts, UK.
Featured Image: Sykes-Picot 1916 by Paolo Porsia via flickr
Tags: British Empire, french, Middle East, Neil Faulkner
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1 Discussion on "The Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Modern Middle East"
David Gray says:
I can unreservedly recommend Neil's book on Laurence. It's excellent.


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Journal Articles (1,416)
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Controlled-temperature, Aboveground Stratification of North American Ginseng Seed
John T.A. Proctor, Dean Louttit, and John M. Follett
Freshly harvested, immature (green) seeds of north american ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) were stratified for 12 months either traditionally in buried wooden boxes outdoors, or in plastic pails in a controlled environment room [3 ± 0.2 °C (37.4 ± 0.11 °F)], 85% ± 5% relative humidity) for about 9 months followed by about 3 months at 20 ± 2 °C (69.8 ± 1.1 °F). Embryo growth in Stage II (mid-May to late August when direct seeded) was more rapid [0.016 versus 0.009 mm·d-1 (0.00062 versus 0.00035 inches/day)] under controlled-temperature conditions. Seedling emergence rate did not vary between treatments. Root dry weight (economic yield) was similar for seedling, 2, 3, and 4-year-old plants whether grown from traditionally or controlled-temperature stratified seed. Controlled-temperature stratification of north american ginseng seed is an acceptable alternative to traditional outdoor, in-ground stratification.
In HortTechnology Volume 11 (2001): Issue 1 (Jan 2001)
PLANT METHOD, GROUND COVER AND IRRIGATION LEVEL EFFECTS ON MUSKMELON PRODUCTION
Robert Wiedenfeld, Eden Hinojosa, and Robert Stubblefield
A study was conducted in subtropical south Texas in 1989 to determine the effects of planting method, polyethylene mulch, and rate of drip irrigation on cantaloupe growth, yield and quality. Irrigation at .25, .50, .75, 1.0, or 1.25 times pan evaporation had little effect on soil moisture or yield, with all water application levels keeping the soil close to field capacity. Transplanting vs. direct seeding enhanced early vine growth and caused earlier yield, although direct seeded plants later caught up and had final cumulative yields slightly higher than the transplants. Black polyethylene mulch also improved earliness and reduced the number of culls compared to bare soil, but at the lowest watering level total yields were reduced by the mulch due to deflection of the rainfall received. The combined practices of transplanting and polyethylene mulch caused approximately a 9 day earliness advantage over the treatment that was direct seeded on bare soil although final yield was unaffected. Soil salinity buildup may cause problems which would affect the position of the drip line and the frequency and amount of water applied.
In HortScience Volume 25 (1990): Issue 8 (Aug 1990)
Relationship of Nitrogen and Plant Populations to Yield and Stem Diameter in Broccoli
S.B. Sterrett and C.P. Savage Jr.
Commercial production of bunched broccoli on the Eastern Shore of Virginia has been limited because of shortened internodes resulting in thick, tough stalks. A field study was completed to examine the influence of plant type (transplants or direct seeded), plant population (5800 or 8700 plants/ha), and N application (112 kg/N with zero, one, or two sidedress applications of 40 kg·ha–1) on marketable yield, head diameter, and stem diameter of `Packman' broccoli. None of the measured characteristics improved significantly with sidedress N application. Marketable yield and average head weight were significantly correlated (P = 0.01) to the total number of heads harvested (r = 0.70 and r = –0.91, respectively). More heads were harvested for the high population, direct-seeded treatment and fewer for the low-population transplants. Average stem diameter of transplants was slightly greater than that of direct-seeded broccoli being significant (P = 0.05) in the second and third harvests. However, few stems were of commercially acceptable diameter regardless of treatment combination. Additional evaluation of cultural management strategies and cultivar selection is needed to successfully promote commercial production of bunched broccoli in this growing area.
Halosulfuron Has a Variable Effect on Cucurbit Growth and Yield
Theodore M. Webster and A. Stanley Culpepper
Halosulfuron is a proposed alternative to methyl bromide for managing nutsedges (Cyperus spp.) in several vegetable crops, including cucurbits. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the crop sensitivity to halosulfuron in a spring squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)—fall cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rotation from 2000 to 2002. Treatments included application of halosulfuron to the soil surface after forming the bed, but before laying mulch (halosulfuron-PRE), halosulfuron applied through drip irrigation (halosulfuron-DRIP) after forming bed and laying mulch, metham applied through drip irrigation after forming bed and laying mulch, a nontreated control with mulch, and nontreated control without mulch. Each treatment was applied to both direct seeded and transplanted zucchini squash. Halosulfuron treatments reduced squash plant diameter relative to metham, however plant diameters in halosulfuron-PRE (transplant and direct seed) and halosulfuron-DRIP (transplant) treatments were not different from the nontreated control. Halosulfuron-PRE delayed squash fruit production relative to the mulched nontreated control. However, application of halosulfuron-PRE and halosulfuron-DRIP did not reduce squash yield at the conclusion of the season, relative to the nontreated control. Cucumbers were transplanted and direct seeded into previous squash plots and received either an application of halosulfuron-DRIP, or were not treated. Differences in cucumber yields were not detected with second crop treatments. Cucumbers appear to have adequate tolerance to halosulfuron, making it a potential replacement for methyl bromide for nutsedge control. Suppression of early season squash growth by halosulfuron may hinder the adoption of halosulfuron as a methyl bromide alternative for squash.
In HortScience Volume 40 (2005): Issue 3 (Jun 2005)
Effect of Transplanting on Earliness and Total Yield of Watermelon
Stephen M. Olson, George J. Hochmuth, and Robert C. Hochmuth
Studies were conducted at the NFREC, Quincy, and AREC, Live Oak, Fla., to compare watermelon {Citrullus lanatus [(Thumb.) Matsum & Nakai]} plant establishment by transplanting and direct-seeding. Cultivars used were `Charleston Gray' in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1989; `Jubilee' in 1988 and 1989; and `Crimson Sweet' in 1987 to 1990. Early yields were greater with transplants for all three cultivars in all years. With `Charleston Gray', total yields with transplants were higher in 1985 and 1989, but not in 1984 or 1986. The average fruit weights with transplants were also greater in 1985 and 1989 than in 1984 or 1986. With `Jubilee', total yield with transplants was higher in 1989, but not in 1988. Average fruit weight with transplants was greater in 1989 than in 1988. With `Crimson Sweet', total yields were higher with transplants in 1989 and 1990, but not in 1987 or 1988, but fruits were larger with transplanting compared to direct-seeding only in 1990. In all experiments, yields with transplants were never less than those with direct-seeded plants.
In HortTechnology Volume 4 (1994): Issue 2 (Apr 1994)
895 PB 505 STRATIFICATION OF AMERICAN GINSENG SEED
John T. A. Proctor
American ginseng is propagated by seed. In commercial practice ginseng seed is harvested in August or September, placed in a stratification box for about 12 months, and then direct seeded into raised beds. Germination takes place the following spring, some 18 to 22 months after seed harvest. Little is known about the dormancy-controlling mechanisms of ginseng seed. The objective of this study was to investigate seed development and temperature in the stratification box until it was removed 12 months later and seeded in the field. During stratification 3 embryo growth stages were identified. In Stage I of 250 days (September to mid-May) embryo length increased from about 0.5 to 1.0 mm, in Stage II of 100 days (mid-May to late August) length increased to 2.0 mm and in Stage III (late August to late November) length increased to 5.3 mm. Exocarp split width could also be placed in 3 stages. Changes in embryo length correlated with values for embryo: endosperm length ratio. The stratification box temperatures at all depths never exceeded -2°C even when the air temperatures dropped to -13°C and, therefore, were not damaging to the seeds.
In HortScience Volume 29 (1994): Issue 5 (May 1994)
Effect of Water Bath Temperature and Stratification on Germination of Pecan Seed
Michael W. Smith, Becky S. Cheary, and Becky L. Carroll
Parameters were defined to germinate pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] seeds in aerated water followed by container planting. Germination was not affected by the ratio of seeds to water in the germination containers. Highest germination rates with the greatest uniformity in germination were obtained with a water bath temperature of 32 °C. Stratification up to 188 days increased the rate of germination, but the largest response was between no stratification and 56 days (6.5 days vs. 2.3 days to reach 50% germination, respectively). Seeds that were germinated in a water bath, then planted in containers, achieved 50% emergence in 4.7 days compared to 12.4 days for direct-planted seed. Emergence was more uniform when seeds were germinated in water before planting compared with seeds that were directly planted in containers (7.0 days vs. 9.5 days between 10% and 90% emergence, respectively). Also, by germinating the seeds before planting, nonviable seeds were eliminated, resulting in 100% emergence compared to 76% emergence when planted directly.
In HortScience Volume 32 (1997): Issue 7 (Dec 1997)
Water Status of Seeds
A.G. Taylor
173 WORKSHOP 29 Seed Storage
In HortScience Volume 30 (1995): Issue 4 (Jul 1995)
CORN GLUTEN MEAL: ALTERNATIVE WEED CONTROL FOR SQUASH
Charles L. Webber III and James W. Shrefler
Corn gluten meal (CGM) has been identified as a potential organic preemergence and preplant-incorporated herbicide. It is an environmentally friendly material that has demonstrated ability to decrease seedling development and plant survival by inhibiting root and shoot development. Unfortunately, CGM can also decrease the development and plant survival of direct-seeded vegetable crops. As a result, the use of CGM is not recommended in conjunction with direct-seeded vegetables. The development of equipment to apply CGM in banded configurations has created an opportunity to investigate whether banded CGM applications will provide significant crop safety for direct-seeded vegetables. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of banded CGM applications on squash plant survival and yields. A factorial field study was conducted during the summer of 2004 on 81-cm-wide raised beds at Lane, Okla., with two application configurations (banded and solid), two CGM formulations (powdered and granulated), two incorporation treatments (incorporated and non-incorporated), and three application rates (250, 500, and 750 g·m–2). The two CGM formulations at three application rates were uniformly applied in both banded and solid patterns on 18 Aug. The banded application created a 7.6-cm-wide CGM-free planting zone in the middle of the raised bed. The CGM applications were then either incorporated into the top 2.5 to 5.0 cm of the soil surface with a rolling cultivator or left undisturbed on the soil surface. `Lemondrop' summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) was then direct-seeded into the center of the raised beds. When averaged across the other factors, there was not a significant difference between powdered and granulated CGM formulations or incorporating and non-incorporating the CGM for either squash plant survival or yields. CGM application rates made a significant difference for both squash survival and yields, when averaged across all other factors. As the CGM application rate increased, the plant survival and yields decreased. When averaged across all other factors, the banded application resulted in significantly greater crop safety (59% plant survival) and yields (228 cartons/ha) than the solid applications (25% plant survival and 118 cartons/ha). The research demonstrated the potential usefulness of CGM in direct-seeded squash production, if used in a banded application configuration. Additional research should further investigate the interaction of CGM application rates and the width of the CGM-free zone on crop safety for various vegetables.


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Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., speaks to reporters as the Senate works to pass a stopgap spending bill that would fund the federal government…
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., speaks to reporters as the Senate works to pass a stopgap spending bill that would fund the federal government into mid-December, at the Capitol in Washington, Wednesday, Sept. 28, 2022. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Schumer calls out Trump, warning of 'dramatic resurgence' of antisemitism
Senate Majority Leader Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.) on Monday called out former President Trump, warning against a "dramatic resurgence" of antisemitism spreading across the U.S.
Schumer, who is Jewish, slammed Trump during remarks at a conference on combating antisemitism for dining last month with antisemitic rapper Ye and white supremacist and Holocaust denier Nick Fuentes.
"When a former president of the United States welcomes at his own dinner table several vicious antisemites," Schumer said, "and then rather than apologizing afterwards he lectures American Jewish leaders for insufficient loyalty, it is incumbent on all of us to speak out."
Trump, under fire for the dinner, last week accused Jewish leaders of a lack of "loyalty," echoing previous comments he has made criticizing Jewish Americans for not supporting him enough.
"How quickly Jewish Leaders forgot that I was the best, by far, President for Israel," he said in a post on Truth Social. "They should be ashamed of themselves. This lack of loyalty to their greatest friends and allies is why large numbers in Congress, and so many others, have stopped giving support to Israel."
Schumer was attending a seminar hosted by the Orthodox Union and held at the Lincoln Square Synagogue in New York.
Joining Schumer was New York Gov. Kathy Hochul (D), New York City Mayor Eric Adams (D) and Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas.
Hochul on Monday announced a statewide hate and bias prevention task force designed to "be an early warning system" to educate and prevent hate speech and hate-related incidents.
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) says the number of reported antisemitic incidents, including assaults and vandalism, reached an all-time high in 2021. The ADL has been tracking the data since 1979.
Schumer, the highest-ranking Jewish elected official in the U.S., on Monday said when hate rises, Americans must keep pushing back, according to additional comments reported by The Times of Israel.
"The roots of tolerance go deep, I would argue deeper than the roots of bigotry in America," the senator said, "but again those roots of tolerance cry out for voices to strengthen them, to remember them to speak out in favor."


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L'últim gegant d'Europa (in Catalan) It talk about the discovery of a big dinosaur in the village of Orcau, in Orígens Geopark.
GAIA · The Big Mother is a 48′ documentary about the origin, evolution and future of the Earth, focusing on the geological concepts and the role of life and humans. Facts and ideas are shown through illustrations and animations together with films made on places like museums and relevant landscapes. The threats to the sustainability of our planet are also exposed.
It is a video of ICGC.
La Gran Aventura Canadenca: A hundred years ago, the creation of the company Barcelona Traction, Light and Power, better known as "La Canadenca", was the beginning of big changes in Catalonia. A North American engineer , Fred Stark Pearson, set up the company in Toronto and built the first hydroelectric plants in the Pyrenees, the biggest plants that had ever been built in Europe. In a few years, electric power arrived at the main cities and factories.
"La gran aventura de La Canadenca" ( The great Adventure of La Canadenca) collects the story of people that lived at first hand the adventure that brought electricity from the mountains until factories and cities. Through the experience of four people, the documentary explains in a realistic and epic way the two decades, from the first steps of la Canadenca until the International Exhibition in Barcelona in 1929.
Estació Biològica del Pallars Jussà and Land Stewardship
Estació Biològica del Pallars Jussà is an organisation involved in conservation, biodiversity monitoring and educational programs. They have 2 land stewardship agreements for the conservation of natural area of Collegats. They explain it to us in the frame of LandLife project. For more information visit: www.landstewardship.eu
Gea and Fossils (IGME)
The aim of this video is to promote the protection and conservation of paleontological heritage, to value the extraordinary fossil record of many Spanish sites preserved in museums and interpretive centres and to show the importance of palaeontology in order to explain the evolution and history of life on our planet.


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Journal website http://www.jcgo.org
Volume 2, Number 1, June 2013, pages 10-14
Clinical Significance of Deliveries With Uterine Fundal Pressure Maneuver at a Single Perinatal Center in Japan
Manabu Shimadaa, Shunji Suzukia, b
aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
bCorresponding author: Shunji Suzuki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital, 5-11-12 Tateishi, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 124-0012, Japan
Manuscript accepted for publication March 14, 2013
Short title: Clinical Significance of Deliveries
doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jcgo87w
Background: We examined the patient characteristics and obstetrical outcomes of deliveries with uterine fundal pressure maneuver (UFPM) to identify their clinical significance at a single perinatal center in Japan.
Methods: Subjects were women with vertex singleton pregnancy who delivered at Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital between April 2008 and September 2012.
Results: A total of 6,317 cases were evaluated for the statistical analyses. Of these, UFPM was performed in 634 cases (10.0%). Using multiple logistic regression, UFPM was independently associated with nulliparity (P < 0.001), presence of oligohydramnios (P = 0.023), non-reassuring fetal status (P < 0.001), oxytocin use (P < 0.001), vacuum extraction (P < 0.001), Cesarean delivery (P = 0.021), postpartum hemorrhage (P < 0.001), mid-lateral episiotomy (P < 0.001), third-degree perineal laceration (P = 0.0042) and cervical laceration (P = 0.022).
Conclusion: UFPM remains a controversial maneuver. Therefore, the physician should make the decision about the appropriate use of UFPM based on the patient's individual clinical circumstances.
Keywords: Uterine fundal pressure maneuver; Perinatal outcomes; Japan
It has been advised by some authors that uterine fundal pressure maneuver (UFPM) be applied with a steady, gentle pressure with one open hand on the fundus of the uterus at a 30° to 40° angle to the maternal spine in the direction of the cervix during the second stage of labor [1]. UFPM has been performed to assist the terminal phase of vaginal delivery through increasing the intrauterine pressure [1, 2]; however it has been a controversial maneuver. UFPM applied under well-controlled condition significantly increases intrauterine pressure in some, but not all women, and it has been supposed to be able to avoid unnecessary or delayed operative intervention [2]. However, some recent reviews have documented that no confirmed beneficial or harmful effects of use of UFPM [1, 3]. In these reviews, in addition, there has been insufficient evidence regarding safety of UFPM for the baby although the adverse influences on the maternal perineum have been inconclusive [1, 3]. However, some case reports have investigated adverse events associated with inadequate use of the maneuver such as uterine rupture [4, 5], rib rupture [6], anal sphincter tears [7] and amniotic fluid embolism [8]. The reasons leading these events are unclear, because some authors have thought that other factors than UFPM such as episiotomy and vacuum extraction are associated with these adverse events [1, 3, 9, 10]. Therefore, the prognosis of deliveries with UFPM has been attributed to a variety of other factors than UFPM.
In this study, therefore, we examined the patient characteristics and obstetrical outcomes of deliveries with UFPM to identify their clinical significance at our hospital: Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity hospital, one of perinatal center in Tokyo, Japan.
Methods ▴Top
The protocol for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital.
Subjects were women with vertex singleton pregnancy who delivered at Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital between April 2008 and September 2012. In this study, cases of intrauterine fetal demise, cases of Cesarean deliveries before onset of labor pains or during the first stage of labor, cases of previous Cesarean deliveries and cases with severe maternal chronic heart disease were excluded. Data collected from delivery records included: patient's age, parity, maternal complications such as pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), presence or absence of oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5 cm), gestational age at delivery, use of intravenous oxytocin, delivery modes, neonatal birth weight, neonatal Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, umbilical artery pH, shoulder dystocia, admission of neonatal intensive care units (NICU), third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, presence or absence of cervical laceration, postpartum hemorrhage.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg measured on two or more occasions at least six hours apart with the patient at rest. A 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed to diagnose gestational diabetes according to the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Gestational diabetes was defined as plasma glucose level meeting one of the following criteria: ≥ 92 mg/dL while fasting, ≥ 180 mg/dL after 1 hour, or ≥ 153 mg/dL after 2 hours. The fetus was considered to be as 'non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS)' if repeated late or severe variable deceleration (< 60 beats/minute and ≥ 60 seconds) and/or prolonged decelerations (< 100 beats/minute and ≥ 5 minutes) occurred.
In our hospital, UFPM is always performed by an obstetrician, and all the maneuvers were documented by the nursing staff. The UFPM during pushing stage of labor is performed with careful maternal observation and fetal heart rate monitoring.
Cases and controls were compared by the x2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered significant. Variables used in the multivariate model were those that on univariate analysis had shown significance toward association with UFPM. Logistic regression was then performed to identify the factors most strongly associated with UFPM in a multivariate model.
A total of 6317 cases were evaluated for the statistical analyses. Of these, UFPM was performed in 634 cases (10.0%).
Table 1 shows the analysis of dichotomous variables of characteristics and perinatal outcomes by UFPM in cases singleton vertex delivery.
Click to view Table 1. Analysis of Dichotomous Variables of Characteristics and Perinatal Outcomes by Uterine Fundal Pressure Maneuver in Cases Singleton Vertex Delivery
Using multiple logistic regression, UFPM was independently associated with nulliparity (P < 0.001), presence of oligohydramnios (P = 0.023), non-reassuring fetal status (P < 0.001), oxytocin use (P < 0.001), vacuum extraction (P < 0.001), Cesarean delivery (P = 0.021), postpartum hemorrhage (P < 0.001), mid-lateral episiotomy (P < 0.001), third-degree perineal laceration (P = 0.0042) and cervical laceration (P = 0.022) as shown in Table 2.
Click to view Table 2. Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals Associated With Uterine Fundal Pressure Maneuver Using Logistic Multivariable Regression Analysis
The major findings of this study in our institute are as follows: (1) in our institution, MFPM was performed in cases of difficult delivery such as cases of nulliparous women, cases with oligohydramnios, cases requiring augmentation with oxytocin and cases complicated by non-reassuring fetal status, (2) UFPM was used mainly as an adjunct to vacuum extraction in cases of NRFS; alternatively, vacuum extraction or Caesarean section has been sometimes performed for emergency cases of failed UFPM, and (3) UFPM was not associated with neonatal adverse outcomes, while it was associated with an increased risk of maternal complications.
To date, some literature reviews have revealed their relatively limited data exist on the subject of the safety and/or efficacy of UFPM [1, 3]. In addition, there are no committee opinions supporting the use of UFPM in vaginal delivery by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) [1] or Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology [11]. The maneuver seems to be performed in many institutions in the world; however there is previously no data published investigating the prevalence of the UFPM in the second stage of labor. One reason may be that the documentation of such technique is often missing from medical records. The other reason may be the difference in physicians' setting and/or awareness. In addition, it is very difficult to describe a standard technique because the application of such a method that a lot of variation by its nature [12]. The prevalence of UFPM in vaginal delivery which was 10.0%, which was differ from that in one previous small study reported in Japan (5.9%, P < 0.001) [10]. One reason may be a larger sample size of this study. The other reason may be that in our institution vacuum extraction is used for most cases of immediate delivery, and UFPM is frequently used for its adjunct compared with those in their institute [10]. Therefore, a further study may be needed under the same indications and/or conditions for UFPM.
In our institute, UFPM has been mainly performed in cases of NRFS. Furthermore, the most frequent indications have been reported to be a non-reassuring fetal heart rate and maternal exhaustion; however fetal risks of MFPM has been also reported to include an increase in fetal intracranial pressure leading to non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns, umbilical cord compressions and hypoxemia [13]. The increases in intrauterine pressure and/or intracranial pressure have been speculated by some authors to cause a decrease in fetal cerebral blood flow those might be related to fetal brain complications [13]. In this study, the use of UFPM did not seem to be associated with neonatal complications; however it may be associated with maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, severe perinatal lacerations and cervical lacerations. The association between UFPM and maternal complications are also controversial, because the nulliparity, episiotomy, oxytocin use and vacuum extraction have been also reported to be independent risk factors for maternal adverse outcomes after vaginal delivery [1, 9, 10, 14]. Therefore, in these aspects a further prospective examination may be needed to clarify the influence of UFPM on maternal and/or fetal outcomes, too.
UFPM remains a controversial maneuver. Therefore, the physician should make the decision about the appropriate use of UFPM based on the patient's individual clinical circumstances.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Merhi ZO, Awonuga AO. The role of uterine fundal pressure in the management of the second stage of labor: a reappraisal. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2005;60(9):599-603.
Buhimschi CS, Buhimschi IA, Malinow AM, Kopelman JN, Weiner CP. The effect of fundal pressure manoeuvre on intrauterine pressure in the second stage of labour. BJOG. 2002;109(5):520-526.
Verheijen EC, Raven JH, Hofmeyr GJ. Fundal pressure during the second stage of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD006067.
Kurdoglu M, Kolusari A, Yildizhan R, Adali E, Sahin HG. Delayed diagnosis of an atypical rupture of an unscarred uterus due to assisted fundal pressure: a case report. Cases J. 2009;2:7966.
Pan HS, Huang LW, Hwang JL, Lee CY, Tsai YL, Cheng WC. Uterine rupture in an unscarred uterus after application of fundal pressure. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2002;47(12):1044-1046.
Matsubara S, Mita F, Kikkawa I, Suzuki M. Maternal rib fracture after manual uterine fundal pressure. Rural Remote Health. 2012;12:2062.
Zetterstrom J, Lopez A, Anzen B, Norman M, Holmstrom B, Mellgren A. Anal sphincter tears at vaginal delivery: risk factors and clinical outcome of primary repair. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(1):21-28.
Hogberg U, Joelsson I. Amniotic fluid embolism in Sweden, 1951-1980. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1985;20(3):130-137.
Hoogsteder PH, Pijnenborg JM. Use of uterine fundal pressure maneuver at vaginal delivery and risk of severe perineal laceration. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;281(3):579-580.
Matsuo K, Shiki Y, Yamasaki M, Shimoya K. Use of uterine fundal pressure maneuver at vaginal delivery and risk of severe perineal laceration. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;280(5):781-786.
Minakami H, Hiramatsu Y, Koresawa M, Fujii T, Hamada H, Iitsuka Y, Ikeda T, et al. Guidelines for obstetrical practice in Japan: Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) and Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG) 2011 edition. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011;37(9):1174-1197.
Api O, Api M. Uterine fundal pressure and duration of the second stage of labor: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(11):1297-1298.
Simpson KR, Knox GE. Fundal pressure during the second stage of labor. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2001;26(2):64-70; quiz 71.
Nakai A, Yoshida A, Yamaguchi S, Kawabata I, Hayashi M, Yokota A, Isozaki T, et al. Incidence and risk factors for severe perineal laceration after vaginal delivery in Japanese patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006;274(4):222-226.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


In his last start, Wang gave up six runs, two earned, in five innings against the Braves, but Nationals manager Davie Johnson was encouraged. In his season debut, Wang was tagged for four runs in four innings against the Mets on the two-year anniversary of his shoulder surgery.
Darryl Strawberry is honored at the 30th Thurman Munson Awards Dinner. He will also be inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame on Aug. 1, 2010 at Citi Field before the Mets host the Arizona Diamondbacks. Other inductees will be Doc Gooden, Davie Johnson and former general manager Frank Cashen.
Episode 1 - Meeting Callie Davie Johnson, after performing at a concert in Edinburgh, goes to The Suso Bar and meets Callie. It's love at first sight.
Episode 4 - Getting Married (text only) Davie and Callie are getting married, but when a gun clad Ira shows up, the man of their dreams is gone. Sorry about text only but I don't have voice credit.
Christmas Special - Murder in the Kitchen Kimmi unearths Callie's dark secret and pays the price. Callie breaks the news to Great Aunt Gerri.
Episode Two - The Date Davie and Callie go an a date and at the end Davie proposes.
Christmas Special - Christmas with the Johnsons Davie has been revived and has married Callie. They wake up on Christmas morning to the racket Kimmi has made.


text:
TV CHOICE AWARDS 2019 SHORTLIST REVEALED
TV Choice today revealed the nation's favourite shows and cast who will be stepping onto the red carpet on Monday 9th September as the shortlist for the 23rd annual TV Choice Awards is unveiled.
Taking place at The London Hilton, Park Lane with presenter of quiz show Pointless, Richard Osman will be returning for the third consecutive year to host the ceremony. All award categories are voted for by the viewers either online or via forms inside the magazine, which as 1.4m weekly readers of Britain's best-selling magazine, TV Choice, this really proves to be the people's choice.
Line Of Duty has undoubtedly been one of the most talked about programmes of the last twelve months and that's been reflected in voting as the show has been shortlisted for Best Drama Series. For her leading performance Vicky McClure also gets the nod for Best Actress, while Martin Compston squares up to his onscreen boss Adrian Dunbar in the Best Actor category.
But nabbing all the prizes won't be easy for AC-12, as they are up against Game of Thrones following the final season and the nation's much-loved Poldark, which also has two other nominations for Aidan Turner in Best Actor category and Eleanor Tomlinson for Best Actress.
Viewers can also expect a 'bloody battle' for the Best New Drama trophy. The Bay on ITV and Netflix's Sex Education have made the list but to win they'll need to topple two of the year's most talked about dramas, Bodyguard and Killing Eve.
While much-loved shows and stars had made it on to the shortlist year after year, there are also some new arrivals in the list of nominees. Paranormal reality series Most Haunted has joined the list of finalists and Channel 4's comedy Derry Girls has also made their first appearance. Meanwhile Gino D'Acampo is competing with himself in Best Food Show with two nominations or both Gino's Italian Coastal Escape and Gordon, Gino And Fred: Road Trip.
As ever, the action in soapland has been nonstop over the past year and the nation's favourite stars will be hoping to scoop acting honours on the night. Coronation Street, EastEnders and Emmerdale are all represented in the Best Newcomer, Best Soap Actor and Best Soap Actress categories while Hollyoaks also join them to battle for the Best Soap trophy.
Whoever triumphs on the night, you can be sure that showbiz's most watched stars and major players will be there when the TV Choice Awards are handed out on Monday 9th September.
Viewers have from 25th June until 5th July to cast their votes at www.tvchoicemagazine.co.uk or in the latest issue of TV Choice.
For press accreditation please contact IJPR:
tvcawards@ijpr.co.uk | 0207 836 3030.
Twitter: @tvchoice #tvchoiceawards
Facebook: /tvchoicemagazine


Invensys Operations Management, a provider of technology systems, software offerings and consulting services to the manufacturing and infrastructure operations industries, has implemented an InFusion Enterprise Control System (ECS) for ExxonMobil Lubricants & Specialties Company.
The InFusion ECS enables to manage the operating facility, controlling major processes and integrating the existing SAP enterprise resource planning, batch process and final packaging and shipping systems.
The ECS will apply the principles of real-time process automation across the manufacturing enterprise to improve production flexibility and workflow, and address end-of-life issues within the existing control systems, claims the company.
As part of its ongoing relationship with ExxonMobil, Invensys is also using its Houston, Texas, Engineering Center of Excellence to incorporate best practices for ExxonMobil in Beaumont and Port Allen, La.
This approach is enabling ExxonMobil to improve its control system strategies and achieve its goal of developing the lube plant of the future.
Invensys Operations Management vice president strategic accounts Eric Moorehead said the InFusion ECS installation at Beaumont continues the modernisation effort.
"Operating as a 'system of systems,' the InFusion ECS holistically integrates our open technology with legacy applications and third-party offerings to improve the plant's operations and performance in real time. This unique ability is what sets the InFusion ECS apart from anything on the market today," Moorehead said.


Talented local trio That Should Cover It have taken a last minute booking to play at The Ark in Newhaven tonight.
The popular live music pub on the West Quay was left without an act for the regular Saturday night session and the boys agreed to a quick return date, having played there just two weeks ago.
Get down to The Ark tonight for around an 8.30pm start.


The Chartered Association of Building Engineers advertises a wide range of products and services in its monthly Journal, Building Engineer, and here on our website.
Take a look at this month's selection of products and services or browse through previous months' ranges.
Want to advertise a product or service?
To advertise on our website, please contact the Marketing Department.
To advertise in Building Engineer, please contact the Publications Team.
Both teams can be contacted on 01604 404121.


text:
""" Models (mostly base classes) for the various kinds of renderer
types that Bokeh supports.

"""
from __future__ import absolute_import

import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

from ..model import Model
from ..core.enums import RenderLevel
from ..core.properties import abstract
from ..core.properties import String, Enum, Instance, Float, Bool, Override
from ..core import validation
from ..core.validation.errors import BAD_COLUMN_NAME, MISSING_GLYPH, NO_SOURCE_FOR_GLYPH

from .glyphs import Glyph
from .images import ImageSource
from .sources import DataSource, RemoteSource
from .tiles import TileSource, WMTSTileSource

@abstract
class Renderer(Model):
    """An abstract base class for renderer types.
    """

    level = Enum(RenderLevel, help="""
    Specifies the level in which to paint this renderer.
    """)

    visible = Bool(default=True, help="""
    Is the renderer visible. Default: True
    """)

@abstract
class DataRenderer(Renderer):
    """ An abstract base class for data renderer types (e.g. ``GlyphRenderer``, ``TileRenderer``).
    """

class TileRenderer(DataRenderer):

    tile_source = Instance(TileSource, default=lambda: WMTSTileSource(), help="""
    Local data source to use when rendering glyphs on the plot.
    """)

    alpha = Float(1.0, help="""
    tile opacity 0.0 - 1.0
    """)

    x_range_name = String('default', help="""
    A particular (named) x-range to use for computing screen
    locations when rendering glyphs on the plot. If unset, use the
    default x-range.
    """)

    y_range_name = String('default', help="""
    A particular (named) y-range to use for computing screen
    locations when rendering glyphs on the plot. If unset, use the
    default y-range.
    """)

    level = Override(default="underlay")

    render_parents = Bool(default=True, help="""
    Flag enable/disable drawing of parent tiles while waiting for new tiles to arrive. Default value is True.
    """)

class DynamicImageRenderer(DataRenderer):

    image_source = Instance(ImageSource, help="""
    Image source to use when rendering on the plot.
    """)

    alpha = Float(1.0, help="""
    tile opacity 0.0 - 1.0
    """)

    level = Override(default="underlay")

    render_parents = Bool(default=True, help="""
    Flag enable/disable drawing of parent tiles while waiting for new tiles to arrive. Default value is True.
    """)

class GlyphRenderer(DataRenderer):
    """

    """

    @validation.error(MISSING_GLYPH)
    def _check_missing_glyph(self):
        if not self.glyph: return str(self)

    @validation.error(NO_SOURCE_FOR_GLYPH)
    def _check_no_source_for_glyph(self):
        if not self.data_source: return str(self)

    @validation.error(BAD_COLUMN_NAME)
    def _check_bad_column_name(self):
        if not self.glyph: return
        if not self.data_source: return
        if isinstance(self.data_source, RemoteSource): return
        missing = set()
        specs = self.glyph.dataspecs()
        for name, item in self.glyph.properties_with_values(include_defaults=False).items():
            if name not in specs: continue
            if not isinstance(item, dict): continue
            if 'field' in item and item['field'] not in self.data_source.column_names:
                missing.add(item['field'])
        if missing:
            return "%s [renderer: %s]" % (", ".join(sorted(missing)), self)

    data_source = Instance(DataSource, help="""
    Local data source to use when rendering glyphs on the plot.
    """)

    x_range_name = String('default', help="""
    A particular (named) x-range to use for computing screen
    locations when rendering glyphs on the plot. If unset, use the
    default x-range.
    """)

    y_range_name = String('default', help="""
    A particular (named) y-range to use for computing screen
    locations when rendering glyphs on the plot. If unset, use the
    default -range.
    """)

    glyph = Instance(Glyph, help="""
    The glyph to render, in conjunction with the supplied data source
    and ranges.
    """)

    selection_glyph = Instance(Glyph, help="""
    An optional glyph used for selected points.
    """)

    nonselection_glyph = Instance(Glyph, help="""
    An optional glyph used for explicitly non-selected points
    (i.e., non-selected when there are other points that are selected,
    but not when no points at all are selected.)
    """)

    hover_glyph = Instance(Glyph, help="""
    An optional glyph used for inspected points, e.g., those that are
    being hovered over by a HoverTool.
    """)

    level = Override(default="glyph")

@abstract
class GuideRenderer(Renderer):
    """ A base class for all guide renderer types. ``GuideRenderer`` is
    not generally useful to instantiate on its own.

    """

    plot = Instance(".models.plots.Plot", help="""
    The plot to which this guide renderer is attached.
    """)

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(GuideRenderer, self).__init__(**kwargs)

        if self.plot is not None:
            if self not in self.plot.renderers:
                self.plot.renderers.append(self)

    level = Override(default="overlay")


text:
Food Oct 02, 2012
W hen you're in the food business and Food Network calls, you answer. In June 2010, the mother/daughter team Carol Vollono and Brenda DePonte at Sugar Bakery in East Haven received a call out of the blue with an invitation to try out for an episode of Cupcake Wars. "We never sent them anything," Carol says. "They told us we had 48 hours to make an audition tape, so we did."
The dynamic baking duo went on to win the competition. They have no formal training, but they still had advantages. Carol had been baking in her mother's kitchen since she was 8 years old. Brenda polished her marketing skills as a graduate of the Laboratory Institute of Merchandising in NYC and her decorating skills while working at Magnolia Bakery and Dylan's Candy Bar there.
In retrospect, Carol says they should have been intimidated, but there wasn't really time. "We never thought we would win, because the competition really is the best of the best in the country. But the one thing we did have in our corner was that we work together every single day. We never talk to one another, we can just look at what each other is doing and tell what the next step is. There's so much unsaid when you are baking together."
That unspoken communication skill bought them time and speed in the second round, and enabled them to finish faster than Carol thought possible. The chocolate peanut butter ball cake was the one that won it all, but credit also goes to the hard-working cupcakes they submitted in the first round, such as the cannoli, the strawberry cheesecake and the sweet potato infused with apple cider and topped with marshmallow frosting, all bestsellers and still available in the East Haven store.
You can taste why they won: each cupcake I tried was moist and packed with flavor, the frosting creamy without ever feeling sickly sweet. Many varieties are stuffed with fillings like strawberry mousse, blueberries and maple cream, mint cream and banana and graham cracker.
But the real story is how Carol and Brenda survived their success after the cupcake wars. "The Food Network warned us; they told us to hire more people," Carol says, but the shop was still overwhelmed by the cupcake frenzy that ensued after the show aired in December 2010.
"The next day, it was like somebody died, there were so many flowers in here!" Carol says of the shop. Though they were prepared for the usual holiday rush, the congratulations and curiosity of customers old and new cleaned out their cupcake, cookie, and cake supply each day.
They got visitors from Germany and South Africa, and Carol in particular remembers asking a couple from Norway who they were in town to visit. They said, "No one, we came here to see you!"
It all started with the launch of Sugar's previous iteration, Mrs. Sweetza's, in 2004. The operation was comprised of one oven and four family members: Carol, Brenda, Brenda's sister Jenna, and Carol's mother (now 82 and working full time at the East Haven store). They made a modest $15,000 investment in a commercial kitchen installation in their home and a state license for a home bakery, selling custom cakes to local restaurants and decorative cookies for special occasions. A couple years later they leased a storefront down the street and changed their name to something more easily understood. "We never get asked how to spell 'Sugar,'" Carol notes.
Before enlisting in Wars, Sugar had two full-time pastry chefs, but it wasn't enough to keep up with demand after the competition aired. Carol and Brenda spent six months finding enough qualified staff to join their team, which now numbers 22.
It's a good thing they did. In an average week Sugar sells 10,000 cupcakes, 1,000 cookies and dozens of custom order cakes ranging from $40 to $1,500. Daily, the store offers 36 varieties of fresh cupcakes, with 24 everyday flavors and a dozen in rotation. Carol and Brenda have more than 75 recipes to pull from, many of them smaller versions of popular cakes from the days of Mrs. Sweetza's, and new recipes are always in development. Sometimes they result from customer suggestions. "One woman brought in a chili chocolate bar one day and said, 'Make this a cupcake!'" Carol recalls. They did and it's been selling for two years now.
If it takes you some time to decide on which cupcake to order with all those varieties, the store is a pleasant place to deliberate. It's what Willy Wonka's chocolate factory would look like if he had hired a really great interior designer. Three-tiered stands flaunt colorful candies in shiny packages tied in silk ribbons, and rows of pastel frosting cupcakes line three display cases. Walls painted a Tiffany-box blue add a touch of class and sophistication to the confectionary wonderland.
Their custom cakes are known to make people cry happy tears when they come to pick them up. They really are works of art, and words don't do them justice; better just to check out their extensive photo gallery. For gift givers or hopeful gift receivers, Brenda created a cupcake registry where you can log your favorite flavors. (Genius!) And they've got a Sugar food truck that makes frequent visits to downtown New Haven, cupcakes at the ready to get you through that mid-afternoon work slump.
Carol and Brenda continue to innovate, and keep up with demand. When Carol turns her back to fill a cupcake tray for a customer, her T-shirt says it all: Keep Calm and Bake On.
Sugar Bakery
422-424 Main St, East Haven (map)
Mon 9am-3pm, Tues-Wed 9am-5pm, Thurs 9am-6pm, Fri-Sat 9am-5pm
www.thesugarbakery.com
Written and photographed by Jane Rushmore.
Tags: bakeries, Brenda DePonte, cakes, Carol Vollono, cupcakes, East Haven, feature, Jane Rushmore, Sugar Bakery
This Week in New Haven (October 1 – 7)
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About Jane Rushmore
View all posts by Jane Rushmore
Jane Rushmore specializes in travel stories and food reviews. She's published articles on topics across the globe, such as palaces in Thailand, mineral spas in the Czech Republic, and opera festivals in Northern Italy. After brief periods living in London and Australia, she is happy to call New Haven home for the past decade.