What is KIRCHSTRASSE on my statement bill?
POS stands for Point of Sale (like a specific store location) which indicates that the purchase occurred by using your debit card, but it can also be the on-line transaction done via 3-D Secure. Checking with bank, they said that Kirchstrasse transaction could be related to direct marketing subscription service ordered on-line. Investigating further what I've found these kind of transactions are performed by 2BuySafe company registered at Kirchstrasse in Liechtenstein with went through the MultiCards on-line cashier which can be used for paying different variety of services (e.g. in this case it was polish on-line storage service called Chomikuj). These kind of transactions can be tracked by checking the e-mail (e.g. in gmail by the following query: after:2014/09/02 before:2014/09/02 Order). Remember, that if you still don't recognise your transaction, you should call your bank. I have found also some other people concerns about that kind of transactions who ask: Is 2BuySafe.com and www.multicards.com some sort of Scam? Provided answer says: MultiCards Internet Billing is a provider of online credit card and   debit card processing and payment solutions to many retailers   worldwide. MultiCards was one of the pioneer companies offering this   type of service since 1995 and is a PCI / DSS certified Internet   Payment Service Provider (IPSP) providing service to hundreds of   retail websites worldwide  MultiCards is a registered Internet Payment   Service Provider and has implemented various fraud protection tools   including, but not limited to, MultiCards Fraud Score Tool and   'Verified by Visa' and 'MasterCard SecureCode' to protect card   holder's card details.  2BuySafe.com Is also Secured and Verified By   GeoTrust  The certificate should be trusted by all major web browsers   (all the correct intermediate certificates are installed). The certificate was issued by GeoTrust.  Entering Incorrect information can lead to a card being rejected as @   TOS  2BuySafe.com is hosted on the Multicards Server site
Ok so this is the best information I could get!  It is a guarantee from a financial institution that payment will be made for items or services once certain requirements are met.  Let me know if this helps!  I'll try to get more info in the meantime. As a customer I have proof of this happening. I'm an IT manager and have major fluctuations in invoices (of over 60% price changes) that I've had to battle CenturyLink to correct the price. Is there somewhere I can share this with to help the case? Caused about 4 months worth of headaches due to CenturyLink and this would remedy that. Suppose you have been paying interest on previous charges in the past. Your monthly statement is issued on April 12, and (since you just received your income tax refund), you pay it off in full on April 30.  You don't charge anything to the card at all after April 12.  Thus, on April 30, your credit card balance  shows as zero since you just paid it off.  But your April 12 statement billed you for interest only till April 12.  So, on May 12, your next monthly bill will be for the interest for your nonzero balance from April 13 through April 30. Assuming that you still are not making any new charges on your card and pay off the May 12 bill in timely fashion, you will finally have a zero bill on June 12. What if you charge new items to your credit card after April 12? Well, your balance stopped revolving on April 30, and that's when interest is no longer charged on the new charges. But you do owe interest for a charge on April 13 (say) until April 30 when your balance is no longer revolving, and this will be added to your bill on May 12. Purchases made after April 30 will not be charged interest unless you fall off the wagon again and don't pay your May 12 bill in full by the due date of the bill (some time in early June). "In the US, if your monthly statement was issued by the credit card company on January 1 and it showed a balance of $1000, then a payment must be made towards that balance by January 25 or so, not February 1 as you say, to keep the card in good standing. The minimum payment required to keep the card in good standing is specified in your monthly statement, and failure to meet this requirement can trigger various consequences such as an increase in the interest rate charged by the credit card company. With regard to interest charges, whether your purchase of $2000 on  January 3 is charged interest or not depends entirely on what happened the previous two months.  If you had paid both your monthly statements dated November 1 and December 1 of the previous year in full by the their respective due dates of November 25 and December 25, and the $1000 balance on the January 1 statement is entirely due to purchases (no cash advances) made in December, then you will not be charged interest on your January purchase of $2000 as long as you pay it off in full by February 25 (the charge will appear on your February 1 statement). But, if you had not paid your December 1 statement in full by December 25, then that $1000 billed to you on January 1 will include  purchases made during December finance charges on the unpaid balance from the previous month  plus finance charges on the purchases made during December. The finance charges will continue to accumulate during January until such time as you pay off the bill in full (these charges will appear on your February 1 statement), hopefully by the due date of January 25. But even if you pay off that $1000 in full on January 25, your charge of $2000 on January 3 will start to accumulate finance charges as of the day it hits the account and these finance charges will appear on your February 1 statement.  If you paid off that $1000 on January 10, say, then maybe there will be no further finance charges on the $2000 purchase on January 3 after January 10 but now we are getting into the real fine print of what your credit card agreement says. Ditto for the case when you pay off that $1000 on January 2 and made the $2000 charge on January 3. You most likely will not be charged interest on that $2000 charge but again it depends on the fine print. For example, it might say that you will be charged interest on the average of the daily balances for January, but will not be charged interest on purchases during the February cycle (unless you miss the February 25 payment and the whole cycle starts all over again). As a general rule, it takes two monthly cycles of payment in full by the due date before one gets into the state of no finance charges for new purchases and effectively an ""interest-free"" loan of $2000 from January 3 (date of purchase) till February 25 (due date of payment).  Matters become more complicated when cash advances are taken from a credit card which are charged interest from the day they are taken but don't trigger finance charges on new purchases or the so-called ""zero percent balance transfer offers"" are accepted." The trigger for a Currency Transaction Report is over $10K (spending or winning). Casinos are required by law to file a CTR above that level. You can walk away from a casino with your chips, but that will draw scrutiny from security and AML folks who are tracking them. If they think you are acting suspiciously they will file a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR). Both CTRs and SARs are required by the IRS. "What you are describing is a Chart of Accounts.  It's a structure used by accountants to categorise accounts into sub-categories below the standard Asset/Liability/Income/Expense structure. The actual categories used will vary widely between different people and different companies.  Every person and company is different, whilst you may be happy to have a single expense account called ""Lunch"", I may want lots of expense accounts to distinguish between all the different restaurants I eat at regularly.  Companies will often change their chart of accounts over time as they decide they want to capture more (or less) detail on where a particular type of Expense is really being spent. All of this makes any attempt to create a standard (in the strict sense) rather futile.  I have worked at a few places where discussions about how to structure the chart of accounts and what referencing scheme to use can be surprisingly heated!  You'll have to come up with your own system, but I can provide a few common recommendations: If you're looking for some simple examples to get started with, most personal finance software (e.g. GnuCash) will offer to create an example chart of accounts when you first start a session." Specifically I'm trying to understand this pargraph:  &gt;Stripping the German mobile-phone unit of its cash and increasing its net debt before the IPO could help lower the unit’s average cost of capital, said Carlos Winzer, a senior vice president at Moody’s Investors Service.  &gt;“Telefonica Deutschland had a very strong cash position and no debt, so this move will allow the German unit to have a more efficient balance sheet structure,” said Winzer, who has covered Telefonica for 20 years  How does moving cash from the German unit to the Spanish Telefonica unit induce a more efficient balance sheet structure for the German unit?  Appreciate any help! Ich war lange auf der Suche nach einem Pflegedienst zur Tagespflege meiner Eltern in Hamburg und habe viele Services analysiert. Der hier ist mir bisher am besten aufgefallen, weil wir einen Migrationshintergrund haben und dieser Dienst genau dafür gedacht ist. Hier sind ein paar Bookmarks vom AKS Pflegeteam. "The simplest answer to why you can't see it in your online statement is a design/business decision that was made, most probably originally to make online statements differ as little as possible from old fashioned monthly printed statements; the old printed statements never showed holds either. Some banks and card services actually do show these transactions online, but in my experience these are the rare exceptions - though with business/commercial accounts I saw this more, but it was still rare. This is also partly due to banks fearing lots of annoying phone calls from customers and problems with merchants, as people react to ""hey, renting that car didn't cost $500!"" and don't realize that the hold is often higher than the transaction amount and will be justified in a few days (or weeks...), etc - so please don't dispute the charges just yet. Behind the scenes, I've had bankers explain it to me thusly (the practice has bitten me before and it bothered me a lot, so I've talked to quite a few bankers about this): There are two kinds of holds: ""soft holds"" and ""hard holds"". In a soft hold, a merchant basically asks the bank, ""Hey, is there at least $75 in this account?"" The bank responds, and then has it's own individually set policy per account type as to how to treat that hold. Sometimes they reserve no money whatsoever - you are free to spend that money right out and rack up NSF fees to your heart's content. Yet some policies are to treat this identically to a hard hold and keep the money locked down until released. The hard hold is treated very much like an actual expenditure transaction, in that the money is locked and shown as no longer available to you. This varies by bank - some banks use an ""Account Balance"" and an ""Available Balance"", and some have done away with these dual terms and leave it up to you to determine what your balance is and what's ""available"" (or you have to call them). The key difference in the hard hold and a real expenditure is, technically, the money is still in your bank account; your bank has merely ""reserved"" it, earmarking it for a specific purchase (and gently promising the merchant they can have their money later), but the biggest difference is there is a time-limit. If a merchant does not process a completion to the transaction to claim the money, your bank will lift the hold after a period of time (I've seen 7-30 days as typical in the US, again varying by institution) returning your money to your balance that is available for purchasing and withdrawal. In every case, any vaguely decent banking institution allows you to call them, speak to some bank employee, and they can look up your account and inform you about the different sort of holds that are on your account that are not pending/completed purchase transactions. From a strictly cynical (perhaps rightly jaded) point of view, yes this is also used as a method to extort absurdly high fees especially from customers who keep a low balance in their account. I have had more than one bank charge NSF fees based on available balances that were due to holds made by gas pumps, for instance, even though my actual ""money in my account"" never went below $0 (the holds were for amounts larger than the actual transaction). And yes, the banks usually would waive those fees if you bothered to get someone on the phone or in person and made yourself a nuisance to the right person for long enough, but they made you work for it. But I digress.... The reality is that there are lots of back and forth and middle-men in transactions like this, and most banks try to hide as much of this from you the client as possible, partly because its a huge confusing hassle and its part of why you are paying a bank to handle this nonsense for you to start with.  And, as with all institutions, rules and policies become easily adjusted to maximize revenues, and if you don't keep sizable liquid minimum balances (100% of the time, all year long) they target you for fees.  To avoid this without having fat wads of extra cash in those accounts, is use an entirely disconnected credit card for reservations ONLY - especially when you are traveling and will be making rentals and booking hotels. Just tell them you wish to pay with a different card when you are done, and most merchants can do this without hassle. Since it's a credit card with monthly billing you can often end up with no balance, no waiting around for a month for payments to clear, and no bank fees! It isn't 100%, but now I never - if I can possibly avoid it - use my debit/bank card to ""reserve"" or ""rent"" anything, ever." You're most definitely being scammed. You're being asked all the information required to steal your identity and take over your bank account. And Austria is land-locked, it has no west coast (or any coast, for that matter). A loan is most generally a liability, a part of the balance sheet.  Expenses & income are part of the income statement.  Income is the net of revenues after expenses. The interest is an expense on the income statement, but the loan itself does not reside there unless if it is defaulted and forgiven.  Then it would become a revenue or contra-expense, depending on the methodology. The original purpose of the income statement is to show the net inflows of short term operational accruals which would exclude new borrowing and repaid loans. The cash flow statement will better show each cash event such as borrowing debt, repaying debt, or paying off a bill. To show how a loan may have funded a bill, which in theory it directly did not because an entity, be it a person or business, is like a single tank of water with multiple pipes filling and multiple pipes extracting, so it is impossible to know which exact inflow funded which exact outflow unless if there is only one inflow per period and one outflow per the same period. That being said, with a cash flow statement, the new loan will show a cash inflow when booked under the financing portion, and paying a bill will show a cash outflow when booked under the operating portion.  With only those two transactions booked and an empty balance sheet beforehand, it could be determined that a new loan funded a bill payment. "Here's a very basic MySQL query I put together that does what I want for  income/expense report. Basically it reports the same info as the canned income/expense report, but limits it those income/expenses associated with a particular account (rental property, in my case).  My main complaint is the output ""report"" is pretty ugly. And modifying for a different rental property requires changing the code (I could pass parameters etc). Again, the main ""issue"" in my mind with GnuCash income/expense report is that there is no filter for which account (rental property) you want income/expenses for, unless you set up account tree so that each rental property has its own defined incomes and expenses (i.e. PropertyA:Expense:Utility:electric).  Hopefully someone will point me to a more elegant solution that uses the report generator built into GnuCash. THanks! SELECT a2.account_type , a4.name, a3.name, a2.name, SUM(ROUND(IF(a2.account_type='EXPENSE',-  s2.value_num,ABS(s2.value_num))/s2.value_denom,2)) AS amt FROM    (     SELECT  s1.tx_guid     FROM    gnucash.accounts AS a1         INNER JOIN gnucash.splits AS s1 ON s1.account_guid = a1.guid     WHERE   a1.name='Property A'         ) AS X     INNER JOIN gnucash.splits s2 ON x.tx_guid = s2.tx_guid     INNER JOIN gnucash.accounts a2 ON a2.guid=s2.account_guid     INNER JOIN gnucash.transactions t ON t.guid=s2.tx_guid     LEFT JOIN gnucash.accounts a3 ON a3.guid = a2.parent_guid     LEFT JOIN gnucash.accounts a4 ON a4.guid = a3.parent_guid WHERE   a2.name <> 'Property A' # get all the accounts associated with tx in Property A account (but not the actual Property A Bank duplicate entries.         AND t.post_date BETWEEN CAST('2016-01-01' AS DATE) AND CAST('2016-12-31' AS DATE) GROUP BY a2.account_type ,a4.name, a3.name, a2.name  WITH ROLLUP ; And here's the output. Hopefully someone has a better suggested approach!" I just thought I'd follow this up as it's now resolved. I spoke with citizens advice and they hadn't really got any advice other than they legally can't keep the money. I then contacted Barclays (as this is who was sent the money) they were very helpful and assured me that if my estate agent went into the bank with proof of transaction and their details then they'd definately follow this up and resolve it. The day after speaking to Barlcays online, my estate agent contacted me to say the money has now appeared back in their bank. So it looks like the previous letter sent back from TSB must have been an automated letter like a timeout and actually in the background Barclays must have still been processing it. Regards Liam "Einige Begriffe in persönliche Finanzen sind genauso wichtig, oder gebrauchte so häufig, wie ""Gefahr."" Dennoch sind einige Begriffe als ungenau definiert. Im Allgemeinen wenn Finanzberater oder die Medien über Anlagerisiko sprechen, ist ihren Fokus auf die historische Volatilität des Vermögenswerts bzw. der Investitionen in der Diskussion.  Berater beschriften als aggressive oder riskante eine Investition, die anfällig für wilde Preis-Rotationen in der Vergangenheit gewesen ist. Die vermeintliche Unsicherheit und Unvorhersehbarkeit für die zukünftige Wertentwicklung dieser Investition wird als Risiko wahrgenommen. Vermögenswerte gekennzeichnet durch Preise, die historisch in einem engeren Bereich von Spitzen und Täler verschoben wurden gelten als Konservativer. Diese Erklärung wird leider selten angeboten, so dass es oft nicht klar ist, dass der Volatilität Maßstab verwendet wird, um die Gefahr zu messen.  Bevor Sie sich Risiko mehr formell, lohnen sich ein paar Bemerkungen. Auf der praktischen Ebene können wir sagen, dass Risiko die Chance, ist dass Ihre Investition niedrigere Renditen als erwartet oder sogar einen Verlust Ihrer gesamten Investition vermitteln. Sie wahrscheinlich auch sind besorgt über die Chance, Ihre Anlageziele nicht erfüllen. Denn Sie investieren jetzt so können Sie etwas später tun (z. B. für Hochschule bezahlen oder bequem zurückziehen). Jede Investition trägt ein gewisses Risiko, einschließlich den möglichen Verlust des Prinzipals, und es kann keine Garantie dafür, dass alle Investment-Strategie erfolgreich sein wird. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll, die Arten von Risiken sowie das Ausmaß der Gefahr, die Sie auswählen, und Wege, sie zu handhaben lernen zu verstehen.  WAS SIE WAHRSCHEINLICH BEREITS WISSEN, ÜBER DAS RISIKO  Auch wenn Sie nie über das Thema gedacht haben vielleicht, sind Sie wahrscheinlich bereits vertraut mit vielen Arten von Risiko von Lebenserfahrungen. Beispielsweise ist es sinnvoll, dass ein Skandal oder Klage, bei der ein Unternehmen, wahrscheinlich einen Tropfen in den Preis der Aktien dieses Unternehmens, zumindest vorübergehend verursachen wird. Wenn ein Autohersteller einen Homerun mit einem neuen Modell trifft, könnte das schlechte Nachrichten für konkurrierende Autohersteller sein. Im Gegensatz dazu könnte eine Verlangsamung und Börse Konjunkturrückgangs die meisten Unternehmen und ihre Aktienkurse, nicht nur in einer Branche Schaden.  Allerdings gibt es viele verschiedene Arten von Risiken zu beachten. Volatilität ist ein guter Ort zu beginnen, da wir die Elemente des Risiko genauer untersuchen.  WAS MACHT VOLATILITÄT RISKANT?  Nehmen wir an, dass Sie vor 20 Jahren $10.000 in jedem der zwei Investmentfonds investiert hatten und beide Fonds durchschnittliche jährliche Rendite von 10 Prozent produziert. Stellen Sie sich weiter, dass man dieser hypothetischen Mittel verlässliche Freddy kehrte genau 10 Prozent jedes Jahr. Die jährliche zurückgeben des zweiten Fonds, Jekyll &amp; Hyde, wechselten--5 Prozent ein Jahr, 15 Prozent der nächsten, 5 Prozent wieder im dritten Jahr und So weiter. Was wäre diese zwei Investitionen Wert am Ende der 20 Jahre?  Es scheint offensichtlich, dass wenn die durchschnittliche jährliche Rendite von zwei Anlagen identisch sind, ihre Endwerte, zu werden. Aber das ist ein Fall, wo sich Intuition stimmt. Wenn Sie die 20-jährige Anlagerenditen in diesem Beispiel in einem Diagramm darstellen, sehen Sie, dass verlässliche Freddy Endwert mehr als $2.000 mehr als das aus der Variablen gibt der Jekyll ist &amp; Hyde. Das Defizit wird viel schlimmer, wenn Sie verbreitern die jährlichen Schwankungen (z.B. Plus oder Minus 15 Prozent, anstelle von Plus oder Minus 5 Prozent). Das folgende Beispiel veranschaulicht eine der Auswirkungen der Investitionen Preisschwankungen: kurzfristige Schwankungen der Renditen sind eine Belastung für langfristiges Wachstum. (Hinweis: Dies ist ein hypothetisches Beispiel und spiegelt nicht die Leistung einer bestimmten Investition. In diesem Beispiel übernimmt die Wiederanlage der alle Einnahmen und berücksichtigt keine Steuern oder Transaktionskosten.)  Zwar Performance in der Vergangenheit keine Garantie für zukünftige Ergebnisse, ist historisch die negative Auswirkungen der kurzfristigen Preisschwankungen verringert worden, Investitionen über einen längeren Zeitraum zu halten. Aber auf eine längere Haltedauer zählen bedeutet, dass zusätzliche Planung gefordert ist. Sie sollten kein Geld investieren, die bald in eine flüchtige Investition benötigt werden. Andernfalls könnten Sie gezwungen sein, die Investition um Bargeld zu einem Zeitpunkt zu erhöhen, wenn die Investition mit Verlust ist, zu verkaufen.  [Lesen sie hier mehr](http://www.ameripriseadvisors.com/team/abney-associates/articles/9/understanding-risk/)" In the Anti-Money Laundering World ( AML) , structuring consists of the division ( breaking up) of cash transactions, deposits and withdrawals, with the intent to avoid the Currency Transaction Reporting ( CTR) filings.  In your case the issue is not structuring but the fact that you have another person ( unknown to the bank) depositing cash , event if it is above the CTR threshold, for you to withdraw later .  The entire scenario raises a lot of questions.