When was the merger of Fiat S.p.A. into a new holding company, FCA  became effective?
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles:  The group was established in late 2014 by merging Fiat S.p.A. into a new holding company, FCA (with headquarters in London) for tax purposes. Fiat S.p.A.: Fiat S.p.A., or "Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino" (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin), was an Italian holding company whose original and core activities were in the automotive industry, and that was succeeded by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV (FCA). Fiat S.p.A.:  The merger became effective 12 October 2014.
12 October 2014