H.A.M.M.E.R. is a fictional espionage and law enforcement agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and was formed in "Secret Invasion" #8 to replace S.H.I.E.L.D., created by what two men? 
S.H.I.E.L.D.: S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law-enforcement, and counter-terrorism agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. S.H.I.E.L.D.:  Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in "Strange Tales" #135 (Aug. 1965), it often deals with paranormal and superhuman threats.
i don't know