When was the transistor that won the Nobel Prize for research on semiconductors and discovery of the transistor effect created?
Walter Houser Brattain: Walter Houser Brattain ( ; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with fellow scientists John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947. William Shockley:  The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for "their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect."
December 1947