Besides the Holy Roman Emperor, who was also considered the a universal power or the pontifex Maximus?
Universal power: In the Middle Ages, the term universal powers referred to the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope. Pope: The pope (Latin: "papa" from Greek: πάππας "pappas", a child's word for "father"), also known as the pontiff (from Latin "pontifex Maximus" "greatest bridge-builder"), is the Bishop of Rome, and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
Pope