What was the name of the essay written in 1919 by a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist claiming that the state is the "only human Gemeinschaft which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimated use of physical force>?
Monopoly on violence:  As the defining conception of the state, it was first described in sociology by Max Weber in his essay "Politics as a Vocation" (1919). Max Weber: Maximilian Karl Emil "Max" Weber (] ; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist. Max Weber:  Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founders of sociology.
"Politics as a Vocation"