#.rst:
# ExternalData
# ------------
#
# .. only:: html
#
#    .. contents::
#
# Manage data files stored outside source tree
#
# Introduction
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# Use this module to unambiguously reference data files stored outside
# the source tree and fetch them at build time from arbitrary local and
# remote content-addressed locations.  Functions provided by this module
# recognize arguments with the syntax ``DATA{<name>}`` as references to
# external data, replace them with full paths to local copies of those
# data, and create build rules to fetch and update the local copies.
#
# For example:
#
# .. code-block:: cmake
#
#  include(ExternalData)
#  set(ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES "file:///local/%(algo)/%(hash)"
#                                 "file:////host/share/%(algo)/%(hash)"
#                                 "http://data.org/%(algo)/%(hash)")
#  ExternalData_Add_Test(MyData
#    NAME MyTest
#    COMMAND MyExe DATA{MyInput.png}
#    )
#  ExternalData_Add_Target(MyData)
#
# When test ``MyTest`` runs the ``DATA{MyInput.png}`` argument will be
# replaced by the full path to a real instance of the data file
# ``MyInput.png`` on disk.  If the source tree contains a content link
# such as ``MyInput.png.md5`` then the ``MyData`` target creates a real
# ``MyInput.png`` in the build tree.
#
# Module Functions
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# .. command:: ExternalData_Expand_Arguments
#
#   The ``ExternalData_Expand_Arguments`` function evaluates ``DATA{}``
#   references in its arguments and constructs a new list of arguments::
#
#     ExternalData_Expand_Arguments(
#       <target>   # Name of data management target
#       <outVar>   # Output variable
#       [args...]  # Input arguments, DATA{} allowed
#       )
#
#   It replaces each ``DATA{}`` reference in an argument with the full path of
#   a real data file on disk that will exist after the ``<target>`` builds.
#
# .. command:: ExternalData_Add_Test
#
#   The ``ExternalData_Add_Test`` function wraps around the CMake
#   :command:`add_test` command but supports ``DATA{}`` references in
#   its arguments::
#
#     ExternalData_Add_Test(
#       <target>   # Name of data management target
#       ...        # Arguments of add_test(), DATA{} allowed
#       )
#
#   It passes its arguments through ``ExternalData_Expand_Arguments`` and then
#   invokes the :command:`add_test` command using the results.
#
# .. command:: ExternalData_Add_Target
#
#   The ``ExternalData_Add_Target`` function creates a custom target to
#   manage local instances of data files stored externally::
#
#     ExternalData_Add_Target(
#       <target>   # Name of data management target
#       )
#
#   It creates custom commands in the target as necessary to make data
#   files available for each ``DATA{}`` reference previously evaluated by
#   other functions provided by this module.
#   Data files may be fetched from one of the URL templates specified in
#   the ``ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES`` variable, or may be found locally
#   in one of the paths specified in the ``ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES``
#   variable.
#
# Module Variables
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# The following variables configure behavior.  They should be set before
# calling any of the functions provided by this module.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_BINARY_ROOT
#
#   The ``ExternalData_BINARY_ROOT`` variable may be set to the directory to
#   hold the real data files named by expanded ``DATA{}`` references.  The
#   default is ``CMAKE_BINARY_DIR``.  The directory layout will mirror that of
#   content links under ``ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT``.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_<key>
#
#   Specify a full path to a ``.cmake`` custom fetch script identified by
#   ``<key>`` in entries of the ``ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES`` list.
#   See `Custom Fetch Scripts`_.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT
#
#   The ``ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT`` variable may be set to the name of a
#   supported hash algorithm to enable automatic conversion of real data
#   files referenced by the ``DATA{}`` syntax into content links.  For each
#   such ``<file>`` a content link named ``<file><ext>`` is created.  The
#   original file is renamed to the form ``.ExternalData_<algo>_<hash>`` to
#   stage it for future transmission to one of the locations in the list
#   of URL templates (by means outside the scope of this module).  The
#   data fetch rule created for the content link will use the staged
#   object if it cannot be found using any URL template.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES
#
#   The ``ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES`` variable may be set to a list of local
#   directories that store objects using the layout ``<dir>/%(algo)/%(hash)``.
#   These directories will be searched first for a needed object.  If the
#   object is not available in any store then it will be fetched remotely
#   using the URL templates and added to the first local store listed.  If
#   no stores are specified the default is a location inside the build
#   tree.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE
#               ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_PREFIX
#               ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_NUMBER
#               ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_SUFFIX
#               ExternalData_SERIES_MATCH
#
#   See `Referencing File Series`_.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT
#
#   The ``ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT`` variable may be set to the highest source
#   directory containing any path named by a ``DATA{}`` reference.  The
#   default is ``CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR``.  ``ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT`` and
#   ``CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR`` must refer to directories within a single source
#   distribution (e.g.  they come together in one tarball).
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_TIMEOUT_ABSOLUTE
#
#   The ``ExternalData_TIMEOUT_ABSOLUTE`` variable sets the download
#   absolute timeout, in seconds, with a default of ``300`` seconds.
#   Set to ``0`` to disable enforcement.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_TIMEOUT_INACTIVITY
#
#   The ``ExternalData_TIMEOUT_INACTIVITY`` variable sets the download
#   inactivity timeout, in seconds, with a default of ``60`` seconds.
#   Set to ``0`` to disable enforcement.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_URL_ALGO_<algo>_<key>
#
#   Specify a custom URL component to be substituted for URL template
#   placeholders of the form ``%(algo:<key>)``, where ``<key>`` is a
#   valid C identifier, when fetching an object referenced via hash
#   algorithm ``<algo>``.  If not defined, the default URL component
#   is just ``<algo>`` for any ``<key>``.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES
#
#   The ``ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES`` may be set to provide a list of
#   of URL templates using the placeholders ``%(algo)`` and ``%(hash)``
#   in each template.  Data fetch rules try each URL template in order
#   by substituting the hash algorithm name for ``%(algo)`` and the hash
#   value for ``%(hash)``.  Alternatively one may use ``%(algo:<key>)``
#   with ``ExternalData_URL_ALGO_<algo>_<key>`` variables to gain more
#   flexibility in remote URLs.
#
# Referencing Files
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# Referencing Single Files
# """"""""""""""""""""""""
#
# The ``DATA{}`` syntax is literal and the ``<name>`` is a full or relative path
# within the source tree.  The source tree must contain either a real
# data file at ``<name>`` or a "content link" at ``<name><ext>`` containing a
# hash of the real file using a hash algorithm corresponding to ``<ext>``.
# For example, the argument ``DATA{img.png}`` may be satisfied by either a
# real ``img.png`` file in the current source directory or a ``img.png.md5``
# file containing its MD5 sum.
#
# Referencing File Series
# """""""""""""""""""""""
#
# The ``DATA{}`` syntax can be told to fetch a file series using the form
# ``DATA{<name>,:}``, where the ``:`` is literal.  If the source tree
# contains a group of files or content links named like a series then a
# reference to one member adds rules to fetch all of them.  Although all
# members of a series are fetched, only the file originally named by the
# ``DATA{}`` argument is substituted for it.  The default configuration
# recognizes file series names ending with ``#.ext``, ``_#.ext``, ``.#.ext``,
# or ``-#.ext`` where ``#`` is a sequence of decimal digits and ``.ext`` is
# any single extension.  Configure it with a regex that parses ``<number>``
# and ``<suffix>`` parts from the end of ``<name>``::
#
#  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE = regex of the form (<number>)(<suffix>)$
#
# For more complicated cases set::
#
#  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE = regex with at least two () groups
#  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_PREFIX = <prefix> regex group number, if any
#  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_NUMBER = <number> regex group number
#  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_SUFFIX = <suffix> regex group number
#
# Configure series number matching with a regex that matches the
# ``<number>`` part of series members named ``<prefix><number><suffix>``::
#
#  ExternalData_SERIES_MATCH = regex matching <number> in all series members
#
# Note that the ``<suffix>`` of a series does not include a hash-algorithm
# extension.
#
# Referencing Associated Files
# """"""""""""""""""""""""""""
#
# The ``DATA{}`` syntax can alternatively match files associated with the
# named file and contained in the same directory.  Associated files may
# be specified by options using the syntax
# ``DATA{<name>,<opt1>,<opt2>,...}``.  Each option may specify one file by
# name or specify a regular expression to match file names using the
# syntax ``REGEX:<regex>``.  For example, the arguments::
#
#  DATA{MyData/MyInput.mhd,MyInput.img}                   # File pair
#  DATA{MyData/MyFrames00.png,REGEX:MyFrames[0-9]+\\.png} # Series
#
# will pass ``MyInput.mha`` and ``MyFrames00.png`` on the command line but
# ensure that the associated files are present next to them.
#
# Referencing Directories
# """""""""""""""""""""""
#
# The ``DATA{}`` syntax may reference a directory using a trailing slash and
# a list of associated files.  The form ``DATA{<name>/,<opt1>,<opt2>,...}``
# adds rules to fetch any files in the directory that match one of the
# associated file options.  For example, the argument
# ``DATA{MyDataDir/,REGEX:.*}`` will pass the full path to a ``MyDataDir``
# directory on the command line and ensure that the directory contains
# files corresponding to every file or content link in the ``MyDataDir``
# source directory.
#
# Hash Algorithms
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# The following hash algorithms are supported::
#
#  %(algo)     <ext>     Description
#  -------     -----     -----------
#  MD5         .md5      Message-Digest Algorithm 5, RFC 1321
#  SHA1        .sha1     US Secure Hash Algorithm 1, RFC 3174
#  SHA224      .sha224   US Secure Hash Algorithms, RFC 4634
#  SHA256      .sha256   US Secure Hash Algorithms, RFC 4634
#  SHA384      .sha384   US Secure Hash Algorithms, RFC 4634
#  SHA512      .sha512   US Secure Hash Algorithms, RFC 4634
#
# Note that the hashes are used only for unique data identification and
# download verification.
#
# .. _`ExternalData Custom Fetch Scripts`:
#
# Custom Fetch Scripts
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# When a data file must be fetched from one of the URL templates
# specified in the ``ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES`` variable, it is
# normally downloaded using the :command:`file(DOWNLOAD)` command.
# One may specify usage of a custom fetch script by using a URL
# template of the form ``ExternalDataCustomScript://<key>/<loc>``.
# The ``<key>`` must be a C identifier, and the ``<loc>`` must
# contain the ``%(algo)`` and ``%(hash)`` placeholders.
# A variable corresponding to the key, ``ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_<key>``,
# must be set to the full path to a ``.cmake`` script file.  The script
# will be included to perform the actual fetch, and provided with
# the following variables:
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_CUSTOM_LOCATION
#
#   When a custom fetch script is loaded, this variable is set to the
#   location part of the URL, which will contain the substituted hash
#   algorithm name and content hash value.
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_CUSTOM_FILE
#
#   When a custom fetch script is loaded, this variable is set to the
#   full path to a file in which the script must store the fetched
#   content.  The name of the file is unspecified and should not be
#   interpreted in any way.
#
# The custom fetch script is expected to store fetched content in the
# file or set a variable:
#
# .. variable:: ExternalData_CUSTOM_ERROR
#
#   When a custom fetch script fails to fetch the requested content,
#   it must set this variable to a short one-line message describing
#   the reason for failure.

#=============================================================================
# Copyright 2010-2015 Kitware, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# * Neither the names of Kitware, Inc., the Insight Software Consortium,
#   nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or promote
#   products derived from this software without specific prior written
#   permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#=============================================================================

function(ExternalData_add_test target)
  # Expand all arguments as a single string to preserve escaped semicolons.
  ExternalData_expand_arguments("${target}" testArgs "${ARGN}")
  add_test(${testArgs})
endfunction()

function(ExternalData_add_target target)
  if(NOT ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES AND NOT ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES)
    message(FATAL_ERROR
      "Neither ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES nor ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES is set!")
  endif()
  if(NOT ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES)
    set(ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/ExternalData/Objects)
  endif()
  set(_ExternalData_CONFIG_CODE "")

  # Store custom script configuration.
  foreach(url_template IN LISTS ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES)
    if("${url_template}" MATCHES "^ExternalDataCustomScript://([^/]*)/(.*)$")
      set(key "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
      if(key MATCHES "^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$")
        if(ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key})
          if(IS_ABSOLUTE "${ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key}}")
            string(CONCAT _ExternalData_CONFIG_CODE "${_ExternalData_CONFIG_CODE}\n"
              "set(ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key} \"${ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key}}\")")
          else()
            message(FATAL_ERROR
              "No ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key} is not set to a full path:\n"
              " ${ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key}}")
          endif()
        else()
          message(FATAL_ERROR
            "No ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key} is set for URL template:\n"
            " ${url_template}")
        endif()
      else()
        message(FATAL_ERROR
          "Bad ExternalDataCustomScript key '${key}' in URL template:\n"
          " ${url_template}\n"
          "The key must be a valid C identifier.")
      endif()
    endif()

    # Store custom algorithm name to URL component maps.
    if("${url_template}" MATCHES "%\\(algo:([^)]*)\\)")
      set(key "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
      if(key MATCHES "^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$")
        string(REPLACE "|" ";" _algos "${_ExternalData_REGEX_ALGO}")
        foreach(algo ${_algos})
          if(DEFINED ExternalData_URL_ALGO_${algo}_${key})
            string(CONCAT _ExternalData_CONFIG_CODE "${_ExternalData_CONFIG_CODE}\n"
              "set(ExternalData_URL_ALGO_${algo}_${key} \"${ExternalData_URL_ALGO_${algo}_${key}}\")")
          endif()
        endforeach()
      else()
        message(FATAL_ERROR
          "Bad %(algo:${key}) in URL template:\n"
          " ${url_template}\n"
          "The transform name must be a valid C identifier.")
      endif()
    endif()
  endforeach()

  # Store configuration for use by build-time script.
  set(config ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${target}_config.cmake)
  configure_file(${_ExternalData_SELF_DIR}/ExternalData_config.cmake.in ${config} @ONLY)

  set(files "")

  # Set "_ExternalData_FILE_${file}" for each output file to avoid duplicate
  # rules.  Use local data first to prefer real files over content links.

  # Custom commands to copy or link local data.
  get_property(data_local GLOBAL PROPERTY _ExternalData_${target}_LOCAL)
  foreach(entry IN LISTS data_local)
    string(REPLACE "|" ";" tuple "${entry}")
    list(GET tuple 0 file)
    list(GET tuple 1 name)
    if(NOT DEFINED "_ExternalData_FILE_${file}")
      set("_ExternalData_FILE_${file}" 1)
      add_custom_command(
        COMMENT "Generating ${file}"
        OUTPUT "${file}"
        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -Drelative_top=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
                                 -Dfile=${file} -Dname=${name}
                                 -DExternalData_ACTION=local
                                 -DExternalData_CONFIG=${config}
                                 -P ${_ExternalData_SELF}
        MAIN_DEPENDENCY "${name}"
        )
      list(APPEND files "${file}")
    endif()
  endforeach()

  # Custom commands to fetch remote data.
  get_property(data_fetch GLOBAL PROPERTY _ExternalData_${target}_FETCH)
  foreach(entry IN LISTS data_fetch)
    string(REPLACE "|" ";" tuple "${entry}")
    list(GET tuple 0 file)
    list(GET tuple 1 name)
    list(GET tuple 2 ext)
    set(stamp "${ext}-stamp")
    if(NOT DEFINED "_ExternalData_FILE_${file}")
      set("_ExternalData_FILE_${file}" 1)
      add_custom_command(
        # Users care about the data file, so hide the hash/timestamp file.
        COMMENT "Generating ${file}"
        # The hash/timestamp file is the output from the build perspective.
        # List the real file as a second output in case it is a broken link.
        # The files must be listed in this order so CMake can hide from the
        # make tool that a symlink target may not be newer than the input.
        OUTPUT "${file}${stamp}" "${file}"
        # Run the data fetch/update script.
        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -Drelative_top=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
                                 -Dfile=${file} -Dname=${name} -Dext=${ext}
                                 -DExternalData_ACTION=fetch
                                 -DExternalData_CONFIG=${config}
                                 -P ${_ExternalData_SELF}
        # Update whenever the object hash changes.
        MAIN_DEPENDENCY "${name}${ext}"
        )
      list(APPEND files "${file}${stamp}")
    endif()
  endforeach()

  # Custom target to drive all update commands.
  add_custom_target(${target} ALL DEPENDS ${files})
endfunction()

function(ExternalData_expand_arguments target outArgsVar)
  # Replace DATA{} references with real arguments.
  set(data_regex "DATA{([^;{}\r\n]*)}")
  set(other_regex "([^D]|D[^A]|DA[^T]|DAT[^A]|DATA[^{])+|.")
  set(outArgs "")
  # This list expansion un-escapes semicolons in list element values so we
  # must re-escape them below anywhere a new list expansion will occur.
  foreach(arg IN LISTS ARGN)
    if("x${arg}" MATCHES "${data_regex}")
      # Re-escape in-value semicolons before expansion in foreach below.
      string(REPLACE ";" "\\;" tmp "${arg}")
      # Split argument into DATA{}-pieces and other pieces.
      string(REGEX MATCHALL "${data_regex}|${other_regex}" pieces "${tmp}")
      # Compose output argument with DATA{}-pieces replaced.
      set(outArg "")
      foreach(piece IN LISTS pieces)
        if("x${piece}" MATCHES "^x${data_regex}$")
          # Replace this DATA{}-piece with a file path.
          _ExternalData_arg("${target}" "${piece}" "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" file)
          set(outArg "${outArg}${file}")
        else()
          # No replacement needed for this piece.
          set(outArg "${outArg}${piece}")
        endif()
      endforeach()
    else()
      # No replacements needed in this argument.
      set(outArg "${arg}")
    endif()
    # Re-escape in-value semicolons in resulting list.
    string(REPLACE ";" "\\;" outArg "${outArg}")
    list(APPEND outArgs "${outArg}")
  endforeach()
  set("${outArgsVar}" "${outArgs}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Private helper interface

set(_ExternalData_REGEX_ALGO "MD5")
set(_ExternalData_REGEX_EXT "md5")
set(_ExternalData_SELF "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}")
get_filename_component(_ExternalData_SELF_DIR "${_ExternalData_SELF}" PATH)

function(_ExternalData_compute_hash var_hash algo file)
  if("${algo}" MATCHES "^${_ExternalData_REGEX_ALGO}$")
    # TODO: Require CMake 2.8.7 to support other hashes with file(${algo} ...)
    execute_process(COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E md5sum "${file}"
      OUTPUT_VARIABLE output)
    string(SUBSTRING "${output}" 0 32 hash)
    set("${var_hash}" "${hash}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  else()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Hash algorithm ${algo} unimplemented.")
  endif()
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_random var)
  string(RANDOM LENGTH 6 random)
  set("${var}" "${random}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_exact_regex regex_var string)
  string(REGEX REPLACE "([][+.*()^])" "\\\\\\1" regex "${string}")
  set("${regex_var}" "${regex}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_atomic_write file content)
  _ExternalData_random(random)
  set(tmp "${file}.tmp${random}")
  file(WRITE "${tmp}" "${content}")
  file(RENAME "${tmp}" "${file}")
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_link_content name var_ext)
  if("${ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT}" MATCHES "^(${_ExternalData_REGEX_ALGO})$")
    set(algo "${ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT}")
  else()
    message(FATAL_ERROR
      "Unknown hash algorithm specified by ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT:\n"
      "  ${ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT}")
  endif()
  _ExternalData_compute_hash(hash "${algo}" "${name}")
  get_filename_component(dir "${name}" PATH)
  set(staged "${dir}/.ExternalData_${algo}_${hash}")
  string(TOLOWER ".${algo}" ext)
  _ExternalData_atomic_write("${name}${ext}" "${hash}\n")
  file(RENAME "${name}" "${staged}")
  set("${var_ext}" "${ext}" PARENT_SCOPE)

  file(RELATIVE_PATH relname "${ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT}" "${name}${ext}")
  message(STATUS "Linked ${relname} to ExternalData ${algo}/${hash}")
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_arg target arg options var_file)
  # Separate data path from the options.
  string(REPLACE "," ";" options "${options}")
  list(GET options 0 data)
  list(REMOVE_AT options 0)

  # Interpret trailing slashes as directories.
  set(data_is_directory 0)
  if("x${data}" MATCHES "^x(.*)([/\\])$")
    set(data_is_directory 1)
    set(data "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
  endif()

  # Convert to full path.
  if(IS_ABSOLUTE "${data}")
    set(absdata "${data}")
  else()
    set(absdata "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${data}")
  endif()
  get_filename_component(absdata "${absdata}" ABSOLUTE)

  # Convert to relative path under the source tree.
  if(NOT ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT)
    set(ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
  endif()
  set(top_src "${ExternalData_SOURCE_ROOT}")
  file(RELATIVE_PATH reldata "${top_src}" "${absdata}")
  if(IS_ABSOLUTE "${reldata}" OR "${reldata}" MATCHES "^\\.\\./")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Data file referenced by argument\n"
      "  ${arg}\n"
      "does not lie under the top-level source directory\n"
      "  ${top_src}\n")
  endif()
  if(data_is_directory AND NOT IS_DIRECTORY "${top_src}/${reldata}")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Data directory referenced by argument\n"
      "  ${arg}\n"
      "corresponds to source tree path\n"
      "  ${reldata}\n"
      "that does not exist as a directory!")
  endif()
  if(NOT ExternalData_BINARY_ROOT)
    set(ExternalData_BINARY_ROOT "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
  endif()
  set(top_bin "${ExternalData_BINARY_ROOT}")

  # Handle in-source builds gracefully.
  if("${top_src}" STREQUAL "${top_bin}")
    if(ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT)
      message(WARNING "ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT cannot be used in-source")
      set(ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT 0)
    endif()
    set(top_same 1)
  endif()

  set(external "") # Entries external to the source tree.
  set(internal "") # Entries internal to the source tree.
  set(have_original ${data_is_directory})
  set(have_original_as_dir 0)

  # Process options.
  set(series_option "")
  set(associated_files "")
  set(associated_regex "")
  foreach(opt ${options})
    # Regular expression to match associated files.
    if("x${opt}" MATCHES "^xREGEX:([^:/]+)$")
      list(APPEND associated_regex "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
    elseif(opt STREQUAL ":")
      # Activate series matching.
      set(series_option "${opt}")
    elseif("x${opt}" MATCHES "^[^][:/*?]+$")
      # Specific associated file.
      list(APPEND associated_files "${opt}")
    else()
      message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown option \"${opt}\" in argument\n"
        "  ${arg}\n")
    endif()
  endforeach()

  if(series_option)
    if(data_is_directory)
      message(FATAL_ERROR "Series option \"${series_option}\" not allowed with directories.")
    endif()
    if(associated_files OR associated_regex)
      message(FATAL_ERROR "Series option \"${series_option}\" not allowed with associated files.")
    endif()
    # Load a whole file series.
    _ExternalData_arg_series()
  elseif(data_is_directory)
    if(associated_files OR associated_regex)
      # Load listed/matching associated files in the directory.
      _ExternalData_arg_associated()
    else()
      message(FATAL_ERROR "Data directory referenced by argument\n"
        "  ${arg}\n"
        "must list associated files.")
    endif()
  else()
    # Load the named data file.
    _ExternalData_arg_single()
    if(associated_files OR associated_regex)
      # Load listed/matching associated files.
      _ExternalData_arg_associated()
    endif()
  endif()

  if(NOT have_original)
    if(have_original_as_dir)
      set(msg_kind FATAL_ERROR)
      set(msg "that is directory instead of a file!")
    else()
      set(msg_kind AUTHOR_WARNING)
      set(msg "that does not exist as a file (with or without an extension)!")
    endif()
    message(${msg_kind} "Data file referenced by argument\n"
      "  ${arg}\n"
      "corresponds to source tree path\n"
      "  ${reldata}\n"
      "${msg}")
  endif()

  if(external)
    # Make the series available in the build tree.
    set_property(GLOBAL APPEND PROPERTY
      _ExternalData_${target}_FETCH "${external}")
    set_property(GLOBAL APPEND PROPERTY
      _ExternalData_${target}_LOCAL "${internal}")
    set("${var_file}" "${top_bin}/${reldata}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  else()
    # The whole series is in the source tree.
    set("${var_file}" "${top_src}/${reldata}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  endif()
endfunction()

macro(_ExternalData_arg_associated)
  # Associated files lie in the same directory.
  if(data_is_directory)
    set(reldir "${reldata}")
  else()
    get_filename_component(reldir "${reldata}" PATH)
  endif()
  if(reldir)
    set(reldir "${reldir}/")
  endif()
  _ExternalData_exact_regex(reldir_regex "${reldir}")

  # Find files named explicitly.
  foreach(file ${associated_files})
    _ExternalData_exact_regex(file_regex "${file}")
    _ExternalData_arg_find_files("${reldir}${file}" "${reldir_regex}${file_regex}")
  endforeach()

  # Find files matching the given regular expressions.
  set(all "")
  set(sep "")
  foreach(regex ${associated_regex})
    set(all "${all}${sep}${reldir_regex}${regex}")
    set(sep "|")
  endforeach()
  _ExternalData_arg_find_files("${reldir}" "${all}")
endmacro()

macro(_ExternalData_arg_single)
  # Match only the named data by itself.
  _ExternalData_exact_regex(data_regex "${reldata}")
  _ExternalData_arg_find_files("${reldata}" "${data_regex}")
endmacro()

macro(_ExternalData_arg_series)
  # Configure series parsing and matching.
  set(series_parse_prefix "")
  set(series_parse_number "\\1")
  set(series_parse_suffix "\\2")
  if(ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE)
    if(ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_NUMBER AND ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_SUFFIX)
      if(ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_PREFIX)
        set(series_parse_prefix "\\${ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_PREFIX}")
      endif()
      set(series_parse_number "\\${ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_NUMBER}")
      set(series_parse_suffix "\\${ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_SUFFIX}")
    elseif(NOT "x${ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE}" MATCHES "^x\\([^()]*\\)\\([^()]*\\)\\$$")
      message(FATAL_ERROR
        "ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE is set to\n"
        "  ${ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE}\n"
        "which is not of the form\n"
        "  (<number>)(<suffix>)$\n"
        "Fix the regular expression or set variables\n"
        "  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_PREFIX = <prefix> regex group number, if any\n"
        "  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_NUMBER = <number> regex group number\n"
        "  ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE_SUFFIX = <suffix> regex group number\n"
        )
    endif()
    set(series_parse "${ExternalData_SERIES_PARSE}")
  else()
    set(series_parse "([0-9]*)(\\.[^./]*)$")
  endif()
  if(ExternalData_SERIES_MATCH)
    set(series_match "${ExternalData_SERIES_MATCH}")
  else()
    set(series_match "[_.-]?[0-9]*")
  endif()

  # Parse the base, number, and extension components of the series.
  string(REGEX REPLACE "${series_parse}" "${series_parse_prefix};${series_parse_number};${series_parse_suffix}" tuple "${reldata}")
  list(LENGTH tuple len)
  if(NOT "${len}" EQUAL 3)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Data file referenced by argument\n"
      "  ${arg}\n"
      "corresponds to path\n"
      "  ${reldata}\n"
      "that does not match regular expression\n"
      "  ${series_parse}")
  endif()
  list(GET tuple 0 relbase)
  list(GET tuple 2 ext)

  # Glob files that might match the series.
  # Then match base, number, and extension.
  _ExternalData_exact_regex(series_base "${relbase}")
  _ExternalData_exact_regex(series_ext "${ext}")
  _ExternalData_arg_find_files("${relbase}*${ext}"
    "${series_base}${series_match}${series_ext}")
endmacro()

function(_ExternalData_arg_find_files pattern regex)
  file(GLOB globbed RELATIVE "${top_src}" "${top_src}/${pattern}*")
  foreach(entry IN LISTS globbed)
    if("x${entry}" MATCHES "^x(.*)(\\.(${_ExternalData_REGEX_EXT}))$")
      set(relname "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
      set(alg "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
    else()
      set(relname "${entry}")
      set(alg "")
    endif()
    if("x${relname}" MATCHES "^x${regex}$" # matches
        AND NOT "x${relname}" MATCHES "(^x|/)\\.ExternalData_" # not staged obj
        )
      if(IS_DIRECTORY "${top_src}/${entry}")
        if("${relname}" STREQUAL "${reldata}")
          set(have_original_as_dir 1)
        endif()
      else()
        set(name "${top_src}/${relname}")
        set(file "${top_bin}/${relname}")
        if(alg)
          list(APPEND external "${file}|${name}|${alg}")
        elseif(ExternalData_LINK_CONTENT)
          _ExternalData_link_content("${name}" alg)
          list(APPEND external "${file}|${name}|${alg}")
        elseif(NOT top_same)
          list(APPEND internal "${file}|${name}")
        endif()
        if("${relname}" STREQUAL "${reldata}")
          set(have_original 1)
        endif()
      endif()
    endif()
  endforeach()
  set(external "${external}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set(internal "${internal}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set(have_original "${have_original}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set(have_original_as_dir "${have_original_as_dir}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Private script mode interface

if(CMAKE_GENERATOR OR NOT ExternalData_ACTION)
  return()
endif()

if(ExternalData_CONFIG)
  include(${ExternalData_CONFIG})
endif()
if(NOT ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES AND NOT ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES)
  message(FATAL_ERROR
    "Neither ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES nor ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES is set!")
endif()

function(_ExternalData_link_or_copy src dst)
  # Create a temporary file first.
  get_filename_component(dst_dir "${dst}" PATH)
  file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${dst_dir}")
  _ExternalData_random(random)
  set(tmp "${dst}.tmp${random}")
  if(UNIX)
    # Create a symbolic link.
    set(tgt "${src}")
    if(relative_top)
      # Use relative path if files are close enough.
      file(RELATIVE_PATH relsrc "${relative_top}" "${src}")
      file(RELATIVE_PATH relfile "${relative_top}" "${dst}")
      if(NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${relsrc}" AND NOT "${relsrc}" MATCHES "^\\.\\./" AND
          NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${reldst}" AND NOT "${reldst}" MATCHES "^\\.\\./")
        file(RELATIVE_PATH tgt "${dst_dir}" "${src}")
      endif()
    endif()
    execute_process(COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E create_symlink "${tgt}" "${tmp}" RESULT_VARIABLE result)
  else()
    # Create a copy.
    execute_process(COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E copy "${src}" "${tmp}" RESULT_VARIABLE result)
  endif()
  if(result)
    file(REMOVE "${tmp}")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to create\n  ${tmp}\nfrom\n  ${obj}")
  endif()

  # Atomically create/replace the real destination.
  file(RENAME "${tmp}" "${dst}")
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_download_file url file err_var msg_var)
  set(retry 3)
  while(retry)
    math(EXPR retry "${retry} - 1")
    if(ExternalData_TIMEOUT_INACTIVITY)
      set(inactivity_timeout INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT ${ExternalData_TIMEOUT_INACTIVITY})
    elseif(NOT "${ExternalData_TIMEOUT_INACTIVITY}" EQUAL 0)
      set(inactivity_timeout INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT 60)
    else()
      set(inactivity_timeout "")
    endif()
    if(ExternalData_TIMEOUT_ABSOLUTE)
      set(absolute_timeout TIMEOUT ${ExternalData_TIMEOUT_ABSOLUTE})
    elseif(NOT "${ExternalData_TIMEOUT_ABSOLUTE}" EQUAL 0)
      set(absolute_timeout TIMEOUT 300)
    else()
      set(absolute_timeout "")
    endif()
    file(DOWNLOAD "${url}" "${file}" STATUS status LOG log ${inactivity_timeout} ${absolute_timeout} SHOW_PROGRESS)
    list(GET status 0 err)
    list(GET status 1 msg)
    if(err)
      if("${msg}" MATCHES "HTTP response code said error" AND
          "${log}" MATCHES "error: 503")
        set(msg "temporarily unavailable")
      endif()
    elseif("${log}" MATCHES "\nHTTP[^\n]* 503")
      set(err TRUE)
      set(msg "temporarily unavailable")
    endif()
    if(NOT err OR NOT "${msg}" MATCHES "partial|timeout|temporarily")
      break()
    elseif(retry)
      message(STATUS "[download terminated: ${msg}, retries left: ${retry}]")
    endif()
  endwhile()
  set("${err_var}" "${err}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set("${msg_var}" "${msg}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_custom_fetch key loc file err_var msg_var)
  if(NOT ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key})
    set(err 1)
    set(msg "No ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key} set!")
  elseif(NOT EXISTS "${ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key}}")
    set(err 1)
    set(msg "No '${ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key}}' exists!")
  else()
    set(ExternalData_CUSTOM_LOCATION "${loc}")
    set(ExternalData_CUSTOM_FILE "${file}")
    unset(ExternalData_CUSTOM_ERROR)
    include("${ExternalData_CUSTOM_SCRIPT_${key}}")
    if(DEFINED ExternalData_CUSTOM_ERROR)
      set(err 1)
      set(msg "${ExternalData_CUSTOM_ERROR}")
    else()
      set(err 0)
      set(msg "no error")
    endif()
  endif()
  set("${err_var}" "${err}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  set("${msg_var}" "${msg}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

function(_ExternalData_download_object name hash algo var_obj)
  # Search all object stores for an existing object.
  foreach(dir ${ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES})
    set(obj "${dir}/${algo}/${hash}")
    if(EXISTS "${obj}")
      message(STATUS "Found object: \"${obj}\"")
      set("${var_obj}" "${obj}" PARENT_SCOPE)
      return()
    endif()
  endforeach()

  # Download object to the first store.
  list(GET ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES 0 store)
  set(obj "${store}/${algo}/${hash}")

  _ExternalData_random(random)
  set(tmp "${obj}.tmp${random}")
  set(found 0)
  set(tried "")
  foreach(url_template IN LISTS ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES)
    string(REPLACE "%(hash)" "${hash}" url_tmp "${url_template}")
    string(REPLACE "%(algo)" "${algo}" url "${url_tmp}")
    if(url MATCHES "^(.*)%\\(algo:([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\\)(.*)$")
      set(lhs "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
      set(key "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
      set(rhs "${CMAKE_MATCH_3}")
      if(DEFINED ExternalData_URL_ALGO_${algo}_${key})
        set(url "${lhs}${ExternalData_URL_ALGO_${algo}_${key}}${rhs}")
      else()
        set(url "${lhs}${algo}${rhs}")
      endif()
    endif()
    message(STATUS "Fetching \"${url}\"")
    if(url MATCHES "^ExternalDataCustomScript://([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)/(.*)$")
      _ExternalData_custom_fetch("${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}" "${tmp}" err errMsg)
    else()
      _ExternalData_download_file("${url}" "${tmp}" err errMsg)
    endif()
    set(tried "${tried}\n  ${url}")
    if(err)
      set(tried "${tried} (${errMsg})")
    else()
      # Verify downloaded object.
      _ExternalData_compute_hash(dl_hash "${algo}" "${tmp}")
      if("${dl_hash}" STREQUAL "${hash}")
        set(found 1)
        break()
      else()
        set(tried "${tried} (wrong hash ${algo}=${dl_hash})")
        if("$ENV{ExternalData_DEBUG_DOWNLOAD}" MATCHES ".")
          file(RENAME "${tmp}" "${store}/${algo}/${dl_hash}")
        endif()
      endif()
    endif()
    file(REMOVE "${tmp}")
  endforeach()

  get_filename_component(dir "${name}" PATH)
  set(staged "${dir}/.ExternalData_${algo}_${hash}")

  if(found)
    file(RENAME "${tmp}" "${obj}")
    message(STATUS "Downloaded object: \"${obj}\"")
  elseif(EXISTS "${staged}")
    set(obj "${staged}")
    message(STATUS "Staged object: \"${obj}\"")
  else()
    if(NOT tried)
      set(tried "\n  (No ExternalData_URL_TEMPLATES given)")
    endif()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Object ${algo}=${hash} not found at:${tried}")
  endif()

  set("${var_obj}" "${obj}" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

if("${ExternalData_ACTION}" STREQUAL "fetch")
  foreach(v ExternalData_OBJECT_STORES file name ext)
    if(NOT DEFINED "${v}")
      message(FATAL_ERROR "No \"-D${v}=\" value provided!")
    endif()
  endforeach()

  file(READ "${name}${ext}" hash)
  string(STRIP "${hash}" hash)

  if("${ext}" MATCHES "^\\.(${_ExternalData_REGEX_EXT})$")
    string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" algo)
  else()
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown hash algorithm extension \"${ext}\"")
  endif()

  _ExternalData_download_object("${name}" "${hash}" "${algo}" obj)

  # Check if file already corresponds to the object.
  set(stamp "${ext}-stamp")
  set(file_up_to_date 0)
  if(EXISTS "${file}" AND EXISTS "${file}${stamp}")
    file(READ "${file}${stamp}" f_hash)
    string(STRIP "${f_hash}" f_hash)
    if("${f_hash}" STREQUAL "${hash}")
      #message(STATUS "File already corresponds to object")
      set(file_up_to_date 1)
    endif()
  endif()

  if(file_up_to_date)
    # Touch the file to convince the build system it is up to date.
    execute_process(COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E touch "${file}")
  else()
    _ExternalData_link_or_copy("${obj}" "${file}")
  endif()

  # Atomically update the hash/timestamp file to record the object referenced.
  _ExternalData_atomic_write("${file}${stamp}" "${hash}\n")
elseif("${ExternalData_ACTION}" STREQUAL "local")
  foreach(v file name)
    if(NOT DEFINED "${v}")
      message(FATAL_ERROR "No \"-D${v}=\" value provided!")
    endif()
  endforeach()
  _ExternalData_link_or_copy("${name}" "${file}")
else()
  message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown ExternalData_ACTION=[${ExternalData_ACTION}]")
endif()
