Buy Photo Amazon received $30 million in property tax breaks from three counties for 20 years, and $14.9 million in state grants for infrastructure or job training at its five Tennessee distribution facilities, state records show. (Photo: File / The Tennessean )Buy Photo

 Amazon.com hopes its fulfillment center workers are happy in their jobs.

 But if they're not, and perhaps would rather be doing something else, Amazon has a deal: The company will pay them a bonus – up to $5,000 – to leave.

 In a program that Amazon aptly calls "Pay to Quit," those who aren't committed to their jobs are urged to leave on their own, and can get $2,000 in severance pay in the first year of employment, with the bonus topping out at $5,000 in the fourth year. The company has several fulfillment centers in Tennessee, including large ones in Murfreesboro and Lebanon.

 Related: Amazon hiring for 500 more positions in Murfreesboro, company announces in January

 Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos explained the program in his 2013 Letter to Shareholders, released this week.

 "Pay to Quit is pretty simple," he said. "Once a year, we offer to pay our associates to quit. The first year the offer is made, it's for $2,000. Then it goes up $1,000 a year until it reaches $5,000."

 Bezos noted that "The headline on the offer is 'Please Don't Take This Offer,'" adding: "We hope they don't take the offer; we want them to stay."

 But why make such an offer at all?

 "The goal is to encourage folks to take a moment and think about what they really want," Bezos said in the letter. "In the long-run, an employee staying somewhere they don't want to be isn't healthy for the employee or the company."

 More: New laws include Amazon sales tax collection

 The program was started by Zappos.com, an Amazon subsidiary that sells shoes and other apparel, Bezos said. Amazon purchased Zappos in 2009 for $850 million.

 Only workers in the fulfillment centers – where customer orders are packed and shipped – are eligible for the program, said Amazon spokeswoman Kelly Cheeseman.

 "A small percentage of employees take the offer," she said. "We want them to stay, but we also only want people who want to be here. It encourages them to think about what they want."

 Price boost: Amazon hikes Prime membership to $99 per year

 Amazon also offers an education program, Career Choice, in which the company pre-pays 95 percent of the tuition for workers who want to "take courses for in-demand fields, such as airplane mechanic or nursing, regardless of whether the skills are relevant to a career at Amazon," Bezos said in the shareholders' letter.

 The goal of both programs "is to enable choice," he said.

 "We know that for some of our fulfillment center employees, Amazon will be a career," he said. "For others, Amazon might be a stepping stone on the way to a job somewhere else – a job that may require new skills. If the right training can make the difference, we want to help."

 The tuition program isn't limited to the fulfillment centers, Cheeseman said – it's open to all hourly employees at Amazon.

 Reach G. Chambers Williams III at 615-259-8076 and on Twitter @gchambers3

 Read or Share this story: http://tnne.ws/1gQGtqE ||||| Here's our favorite part of Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' annual letter to shareholders. He describes how the company will pay Amazon's warehouse workers up to $5,000 to quit their jobs.

 The intent of the program is to ensure that Amazon only retains people who really, really want to work at Amazon:

 The second program is called Pay to Quit. It was invented by the clever people at Zappos, and the Amazon fulfillment centers have been iterating on it. Pay to Quit is pretty simple. Once a year, we offer to pay our associates to quit. The first year the offer is made, it’s for $2,000. Then it goes up one thousand dollars a year until it reaches $5,000. The headline on the offer is “Please Don’t Take This Offer.” We hope they don’t take the offer; we want them to stay. Why do we make this offer? The goal is to encourage folks to take a moment and think about what they really want. In the long-run, an employee staying somewhere they don’t want to be isn’t healthy for the employee or the company.

 You can read the entire letter here.

 Disclosure: Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through his personal investment company Bezos Expeditions. ||||| An employee pushes a cart past rows of storage aisles as he processes customer orders ahead of shipping at one of Amazon.com Inc.'s fulfillment centers in Rugeley, U.K., on Monday, Dec. 2, 2013. Online retailers in the U.K. are anticipating their busiest day as shoppers flush with end-of-month pay-checks seek Christmas deals on the Web. Photographer: Simon Dawson/Bloomberg via Getty Images | Bloomberg via Getty Images

 Hate your job? Then quit. In fact, we'll pay you to quit.

 That's the philosophy at Amazon's warehouses, according to a new letter by company CEO Jeff Bezos. Here's a snippet from Bezos' letter written to his shareholders this month (emphasis ours):

 The second program is called Pay to Quit. It was invented by the clever people at Zappos, and the Amazon fulfillment centers [warehouses] have been iterating on it. Pay to Quit is pretty simple. Once a year, we offer to pay our associates to quit. The first year the offer is made, it’s for $2,000. Then it goes up one thousand dollars a year until it reaches $5,000. The headline on the offer is “Please Don’t Take This Offer.” We hope they don’t take the offer; we want them to stay. Why do we make this offer? The goal is to encourage folks to take a moment and think about what they really want. In the long-run, an employee staying somewhere they don’t want to be isn’t healthy for the employee or the company.

 The idea is based on a program employed by Zappos, a shoe and clothing retailer now owned by Amazon, which offers new hires a bonus to quit. (Apparently very few of them take it.)

 But Amazon warehouses are often staffed by temporary workers who wouldn't qualify for the pay to quit program. An Amazon representative confirmed to The Huffington Post that the program is only for full-time Amazon employees.

 Amazon warehouses are massive distribution centers where workers often work long shifts performing grueling physical labor while fetching customer orders.

 Amazon and workers at warehouses in Nevada are currently in the midst of a lawsuit being heard by the U.S. Supreme Court . The lawsuit concerns long waits in mandatory security check points that are meant to prevent workers from stealing pricey goods. The case will determine whether Amazon and other companies have to compensate workers for the time they're forced to wait in line.

 This story has been updated to include comment from Amazon. ||||| EX-99.1

 Exhibit 99.1

 To our shareowners:

 Im so proud of what all the teams here at Amazon have accomplished on behalf of customers this past year. Amazonians around the world are polishing products and services to a degree that is beyond whats expected or required, taking the long view, reinventing normal, and getting customers to say Wow.

 Id like to take you on a tour that samples a small subset of our various initiatives, ranging from Prime to Amazon Smile to Mayday. The goal is to give you a sense for how much is going on across Amazon and how exciting it is to work on these programs. This broad array of initiatives is only possible because a large team of talented people at every level are exercising their good judgment every day and always asking, how do we make this better?

 Ok, lets get started on the tour.

 Prime

 Customers love Prime. More than one million customers joined Prime in the third week of December alone, and there are now tens of millions of Prime members worldwide. On a per customer basis, Prime members are ordering more items, across more categories, than ever before. Even internally, its easy for us to forget that Prime was a new, unproven (some even said foolhardy) concept when we launched it nine years ago: all-you-can-eat, two-day shipping for a flat annual fee. At that time, we had one million eligible Prime products. This year, we passed 20 million eligible products, and we continue to add more. Weve made Prime better in other ways too, adding new digital benefits  including the Kindle Owners Lending Library and Prime Instant Video. And were not done. We have many ideas for how to make Prime even better.

 Readers & Authors

 Were investing heavily on behalf of readers. The all-new, high-resolution, high-contrast Kindle Paperwhite launched to rave reviews. We integrated the very impressive Goodreads into Kindle, introduced FreeTime for Kindle, and launched Kindle in India, Mexico, and Australia. Bringing joy to air travelers, the FAA approved the use of electronic devices during takeoff and landing. Our public policy team, with the help of many allies, worked patiently for four years on this, at one point loading a test plane with 150 active Kindles. Yes, it all worked fine!

 Joining CreateSpace, Kindle Singles, and Kindle Direct Publishing, is the new service Kindle Worlds, the literary journal Day One, eight new Amazon Publishing imprints, and the launch of Amazon Publishing in the UK and Germany. Thousands of authors are already using these services to build fulfilling writing careers. Many write and tell us how we have helped them send their children to college, pay off medical bills, or purchase a home. We are missionaries for reading and these stories inspire and encourage us to keep inventing on behalf of writers and readers.

 Prime Instant Video

 Prime Instant Video is experiencing tremendous growth across all metrics  including new customers, repeat usage, and total number of streams. These are output metrics and they suggest we are on a good path, focusing on the right inputs. Two of the key inputs are the growth of selection and the desirability of that selection. Since we launched PIV in 2011 with 5,000 titles, weve grown selection to more than 40,000 movies and TV episodes  all included in your Prime membership. PIV has exclusives on hundreds of sought after TV seasons including Downton Abbey, the ratings blockbuster Under the Dome, The Americans, Justified, Grimm, Orphan Black, Suits, and kids programs such as SpongeBob SquarePants, Dora the Explorer, and Blues Clues. In addition, our Amazon Studios team continues to invest heavily in original content. Gary Trudeaus Alpha House, starring John Goodman, debuted last year and quickly became the most-watched show on Amazon. We recently greenlit six more originals, including Bosch, by Michael Connelly, The After, from Chris Carter of The X-Files, Mozart in the Jungle, from Roman Coppola and Jason Schwartzman, and Jill Soloways beautiful Transparent, which some have called the best pilot in years. We like our approach and are replicating it with our recent rollout of PIV in both the UK and Germany. The early customer response in those countries has been terrific, surpassing our expectations.

 Fire TV

 Just this past week, after two years of hard work, our hardware team launched Fire TV. Not only is Fire TV the best way to watch Amazons video offerings, it also embraces non-Amazon content services like Netflix, Hulu Plus, VEVO, WatchESPN, and many more. Fire TV has big hardware specs in a category thats previously been hardware-light. It shows. Fire TV is fast and fluid. And our ASAP technology predicts what you might want to watch and pre-buffers it, so shows start instantly. Our team also put a small microphone in the remote control. Hold down the mic button on the remote, and you can speak your search term rather than type it into an alphabet grid. The team has done a terrific job  the voice search actually works.

 In addition to Prime Instant Video, Fire TV gives you instant access to over 200,000 movies and TV episodes available a la carte, including new releases like Gravity, 12 Years a Slave, Dallas Buyers Club, Frozen, and more. As a bonus, Fire TV also lets you play high-quality, inexpensive games on your living room TV. We hope you try it out. If you do, let us know what you think. The team would love to hear your feedback.

 Amazon Game Studios

 Its early in the twenty-second century and Earth is threatened by an alien species, the Neahtu. The aliens infected Earths energy grid with a computer virus to disable the planets defenses. Before they could strike, computer science prodigy Amy Ramanujan neutralized the alien virus and saved the planet. Now, the Neahtu are back and Dr. Ramanujan must prevent them from launching an all-out invasion on Earth. She needs your help.

 Thats how Sev Zero, the first Fire TV exclusive from Amazon Game Studios, begins. The team combined tower defense with shooter gameplay and created a co-op mode where one player leads on the ground with their gamepad controller while a second player provides air support from a tablet. I can assure you that there are some intense moments when youll appreciate a well-timed air-strike. When you see it, you may be surprised that this level of game play is possible on an inexpensive streaming media device. Sev Zero is only the first of a collection of innovative and graphically beautiful games were building from the ground up for Fire tablets and Fire TV.

 Amazon Appstore

 The Amazon Appstore now serves customers in almost 200 countries. Selection has grown to include over 200,000 apps and games from top developers around the globe  nearly tripling in size over the past year. We introduced Amazon Coins, a virtual currency that saves customers up to 10% on app and in-app purchases. Our Whispersync for Games technology lets you start a game on one device and continue it on another without losing your progress. Developers can use the Mobile Associates program to offer millions of physical products from Amazon inside their apps, and earn referral fees when customers buy those items. We introduced Appstore Developer Select, a marketing program that promotes new apps and games on Kindle Fire tablets and on Amazons Mobile Ad Network. We created Analytics and A/B Testing services  free services that empower developers to track user engagement and optimize their apps for iOS, Android, and Fire OS. Also this year, we embraced HTML5 web app developers. They too can now offer their apps on Kindle Fire and through the Amazon Appstore.

 Spoken Word Audio

 2013 was a landmark year for Audible, the worlds largest seller and producer of audiobooks. Audible makes it possible for you to read when your eyes are busy. Millions of customers download hundreds of millions of audiobooks and other spoken-word programming from Audible. Audible customers downloaded close to 600 million listening hours in 2013. Thanks to Audible Studios, people drive to work listening to Kate Winslet, Colin Firth, Anne Hathaway, and many other stars. One big hit in 2013 was Jake Gyllenhaals performance of The Great Gatsby, which has already sold 100,000 copies. Whispersync for Voice allows customers to switch seamlessly back and forth between reading a book on their Kindle and listening to the corresponding Audible book on their smart phone. The Wall Street Journal called Whispersync for Voice Amazons new killer app for books. If you havent already, I recommend you give it a try  its fun and expands the amount of time you have available to read.

 Fresh Grocery

 After trialing the service for five years in Seattle (no one accuses us of a lack of patience), we expanded Amazon Fresh to Los Angeles and San Francisco. Prime Fresh members pay $299 a year and receive same-day and early morning delivery not only on fresh grocery items but also on over 500,000 other items ranging from toys to electronics to household goods. Were also partnering with favorite local merchants (the Cheese Store of Beverly Hills, Pike Place Fish Market, San Francisco Wine Trading Company, and many more) to provide the same convenient home delivery on a great selection of prepared foods and specialty items. Well continue our methodical approach  measuring and refining Amazon Fresh  with the goal of bringing this incredible service to more cities over time.

 Amazon Web Services

 AWS is eight years old, and the teams pace of innovation is actually accelerating. In 2010, we launched 61 significant services and features. In 2011, that number was 82. In 2012, it was 159. In 2013: 280. Were also expanding our geographic footprint. We now have 10 AWS regions around the world, including the East Coast of the U.S., two on the West Coast, Europe, Singapore, Tokyo, Sydney, Brazil, China, and a government-only region called GovCloud. We have 26 availability zones across regions and 51 edge locations for our content distribution network. The development teams work directly with customers and are empowered to design, build, and launch based on what they learn. We iterate continuously, and when a feature or enhancement is ready, we push it out and make it instantly available to all. This approach is fast, customer-centric, and efficient  its allowed us to reduce prices more than 40 times in the past 8 years  and the teams have no plans to slow down.

 Employee Empowerment

 We challenge ourselves to not only invent outward facing features, but also to find better ways to do things internally  things that will both make us more effective and benefit our thousands of employees around the world.

 Career Choice is a program where we pre-pay 95% of tuition for our employees to take courses for in-demand fields, such as airplane mechanic or nursing, regardless of whether the skills are relevant to a career at Amazon. The goal is to enable choice. We know that for some of our fulfillment center employees, Amazon will be a career. For others, Amazon might be a stepping stone on the way to a job somewhere else  a job that may require new skills. If the right training can make the difference, we want to help.

 The second program is called Pay to Quit. It was invented by the clever people at Zappos, and the Amazon fulfillment centers have been iterating on it. Pay to Quit is pretty simple. Once a year, we offer to pay our associates to quit. The first year the offer is made, its for $2,000. Then it goes up one thousand dollars a year until it reaches $5,000. The headline on the offer is Please Dont Take This Offer. We hope they dont take the offer; we want them to stay. Why do we make this offer? The goal is to encourage folks to take a moment and think about what they really want. In the long-run, an employee staying somewhere they dont want to be isnt healthy for the employee or the company.

 A third inward innovation is our Virtual Contact Center. Its an idea we started a few years back and have continued to grow with terrific results. Under this program, employees provide customer service support for Amazon and Kindle customers while working from home. This flexibility is ideal for many employees who, perhaps because they have young children or for another reason, either cannot or prefer not to work outside the home. Our Virtual Contact Center is our fastest growing site in the U.S., operating in more than ten states today. This growth will continue as we hope to double our state footprint in 2014.

 Veteran Hiring

 We seek leaders who can invent, think big, have a bias for action, and deliver results on behalf of customers. These principles look familiar to men and women whove served our country in the armed forces, and we find that their experience leading people is invaluable in our fast-paced work environment. Were a member of Joining Forces and the 100,000 Jobs Mission  two national efforts that encourage businesses to offer service members and their families career opportunities and support. Our Military Talent team attended more than 50 recruiting events last year to help veterans find job opportunities at Amazon. In 2013, we hired more than 1,900 veterans. And once veterans join our team, we offer several programs that help them transition more easily into the civilian workforce and that connect them with our internal network of veterans for mentoring and support. These programs have earned us recognition as a top employer by G.I. Jobs Magazine, U.S. Veterans Magazine, and Military Spouse Magazine, and well continue to invest in military veteran hiring as we grow.

 Fulfillment Innovation

 Nineteen years ago, I drove the Amazon packages to the post office every evening in the back of my Chevy Blazer. My vision extended so far that I dreamed we might one day get a forklift. Fast-forward to today and we have 96 fulfillment centers and are on our 7th generation of fulfillment center design. Our operations team is extraordinary  methodical and ingenious. Through our Kaizen program, named for the Japanese term change for the better, employees work in small teams to streamline processes and reduce defects and waste. Our Earth Kaizens set energy reduction, recycling, and other green goals. In 2013, more than 4,700 associates participated in 1,100 Kaizens.

 Sophisticated software is key in our FCs. This year, we rolled out 280 major software improvements across the FC network. Our goal is to continue to iterate and improve on the design, layout, technology, and operations in these buildings, ensuring that each new facility we build is better than the last. I invite you to come see one for yourself. We offer fulfillment center tours open to the public, ages six and above. You can find info on the available tours at www.amazon.com/fctours. Im always amazed when I visit one of our FCs, and I hope youll arrange a tour. I think youll be impressed.

 Urban Campus

 In 2013, we added 420,000 square feet of new headquarters space in Seattle and broke ground on what will become four city blocks and several million square feet of new construction. It is a fact that we could have saved money by instead building in the suburbs, but for us, it was important to stay in the city. Urban campuses are much greener. Our employees are able to take advantage of existing communities and public transit infrastructure, with less dependence on cars. Were investing in dedicated bike lanes to provide safe, pollution-free, easy access to our offices. Many of our employees can live nearby, skip the commute altogether, and walk to work. Though I cant prove it, I also believe an urban headquarters will help keep Amazon vibrant, attract the right talent, and be great for the health and wellbeing of our employees and the city of Seattle.

 Fast Delivery

 In partnership with the United States Postal Service, weve begun for the first time to offer Sunday delivery to select cities. Sunday delivery is a win for Amazon customers, and we plan to roll it out to a large portion of the U.S. population throughout 2014. Weve created our own fast, last-mile delivery networks in the UK where commercial carriers couldnt support our peak volumes. In India and China, where delivery infrastructure isnt yet mature, you can see Amazon bike couriers delivering packages throughout the major cities. And there is more invention to come. The Prime Air team is already flight testing our 5th and 6th generation aerial vehicles, and we are in the design phase on generations 7 and 8.

 Experiments and More Experiments

 We have our own internal experimentation platform called Weblab that we use to evaluate improvements to our websites and products. In 2013, we ran 1,976 Weblabs worldwide, up from 1,092 in 2012, and 546 in 2011. One recent success is our new feature called Ask an owner. It was many years ago that we pioneered the idea of online customer reviews  customers sharing their opinion on a product to help other customers make an informed purchase decision. Ask is in that same tradition. From a product page, customers can ask any question related to the product. Is the product compatible with my TV/Stereo/PC? Is it easy to assemble? How long does the battery last? We then route these questions to owners of the product. As is the case with reviews, customers are happy to share their knowledge to directly help other customers. Millions of questions have already been asked and answered.

 Apparel and Shoes

 Amazon Fashion is booming. Premium brands are recognizing that they can use Amazon to reach fashion-conscious, high-demo customers, and customers are enjoying the selection, free returns, detailed photos, and video clips that let them see how clothes move and drape as the models walk and turn. We opened a new 40,000 square foot photo studio in Brooklyn and now shoot an average of 10,413 photos every day in the studios 28 bays. To celebrate the opening, we hosted a design contest with students from Pratt, Parsons, School of Visual Arts, and the Fashion Institute of Technology that was judged by a panel of industry leaders including Steven Kolb, Eva Chen, Derek Lam, Tracy Reese, and Steven Alan. Kudos to Parsons who took home the top prize.

 Frustration-Free Packaging

 Our battle against annoying wire ties and plastic clamshells rages on. An initiative that began five years ago with a simple idea that you shouldnt have to risk bodily injury opening your new electronics or toys, has now grown to over 200,000 products, all available in easy-to-open, recyclable packaging designed to alleviate wrap rage and help the planet by reducing packaging waste. We have over 2,000 manufacturers in our Frustration-Free Packaging program, including Fisher-Price, Mattel, Unilever, Belkin, Victorinox Swiss Army, Logitech, and many more. Weve now shipped many millions of Frustration-Free items to 175 countries. We are also reducing waste for customers  eliminating 33 million pounds of excess packaging to date. This program is a perfect example of a missionary team staying heads-down focused on serving customers. Through hard work and perseverance, an idea that started with only 19 products is now available on hundreds of thousands and benefiting millions of customers.

 Fulfillment by Amazon

 The number of sellers using Fulfillment by Amazon grew more than 65% last year. Growth like that at such large scale is unusual. FBA is unique in many ways. Its not often you get to delight two customer sets with one program. With FBA, sellers can store their products in our fulfillment centers, and we pick, pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Sellers benefit from one of the most advanced fulfillment networks in the world, easily scaling their businesses to reach millions of customers. And not just any customers  Prime members. FBA products can be eligible for Prime free two-day shipping. Customers benefit from this additional selection  they get even more value out of their Prime membership. And, unsurprisingly, sellers see increased sales when they join FBA. In a 2013 survey, nearly three out of four FBA respondents reported that their unit sales increased on Amazon.com more than 20% after joining FBA. Its a win-win.

 FBA is the best employee I have ever had. One morning I woke up and realized FBA had shipped 50 units. As soon as I realized I could sell products while I sleep, it was a no-brainer.  Thanny Schuck, Action Sports LLC

 Starting out as an unknown brand, it was difficult to find retailers willing to stock our goods. No such barriers existed at Amazon. The beauty of Amazon is that someone can say, I want to start a business, and they can go on Amazon and really start a business. You dont have to get a lease on a building or even have any employees at first. You can just do it on your own. And thats what I did.  Wendell Morris, YogaRat

 Login and Pay with Amazon

 For several years weve enabled Amazon customers to pay on other sites, such as Kickstarter, SmugMug, and Gogo Inflight, using the credit cards and shipping addresses already stored in their Amazon account. This year, we expanded that capability so customers can also sign in using their Amazon account credentials, saving them the annoyance of needing to remember yet another account name and password. Its convenient for the customer and a business builder for the merchant. Cymax Stores, the online furniture retailer, has seen tremendous success with Login and Pay. It now accounts for 20% of their orders, tripling their new account registrations, and increasing purchase conversion 3.15% in the first three months. This example isnt unusual. We are seeing results like these with many partners, and the team is excited and encouraged. You should look for more in 2014.

 Amazon Smile

 In 2013 we launched Amazon Smile  a simple way for customers to support their favorite charitable organizations every time they shop. When you shop at smile.amazon.com, Amazon donates a portion of the purchase price to the charity of your choice. Youll find the same selection, prices, shipping options, and Prime eligibility on smile.amazon.com as you do on Amazon.com  youll even find your same shopping cart and wish lists. In addition to the large, national charities you would expect, you can also designate your local childrens hospital, your schools PTA, or practically any other cause you might like. There are almost a million charities to choose from. I hope youll find your favorite on the list.

 The Mayday Button

 Not only is the device awesome but the Mayday feature is absolutely FANTASTIC!!!!! The Kindle team has hit it out of the park with this one.

 Just tried the mayday button on my hdx. 15 second response time amazon has done it again. Thoroughly impressed.

 Nothing gives us more pleasure at Amazon than reinventing normal  creating inventions that customers love and resetting their expectations for what normal should be. Mayday reimagines and revolutionizes the idea of on-device tech support. Tap the Mayday button, and an Amazon expert will appear on your Fire HDX and can co-pilot you through any feature by drawing on your screen, walking you through how to do something yourself, or doing it for you  whatever works best. Mayday is available 24x7, 365 days a year, and our response time goal is 15 seconds or less. We beat that goal  with an average response time of only 9 seconds on our busiest day, Christmas.

 A few of the Maydays have been amusing. Mayday Tech Advisors have received 35 marriage proposals from customers. 475 customers have asked to talk to Amy, our Mayday television personality. 109 Maydays have been customers asking for assistance with ordering a pizza. By a slim margin, Pizza Hut wins customer preference over Dominos. There are 44 instances where the Mayday Tech Advisor has sung Happy Birthday to the customer. Mayday Tech Advisors have been serenaded by customers 648 times. And 3 customers have asked for a bedtime story. Pretty cool.

 I hope that gives you some sense of the scope of our opportunity and initiatives, as well the inventive spirit and push for exceptional quality with which theyre undertaken. I should underscore again that this is a subset. There are many programs Ive omitted in this letter that are just as promising, consequential, and interesting as those Ive highlighted.

 We have the good fortune of a large, inventive team and a patient, pioneering, customer-obsessed culture  great innovations, large and small, are happening everyday on behalf of customers, and at all levels throughout the company. This decentralized distribution of invention throughout the company  not limited to the companys senior leaders  is the only way to get robust, high-throughput innovation. What were doing is challenging and fun  we get to work in the future.

 Failure comes part and parcel with invention. Its not optional. We understand that and believe in failing early and iterating until we get it right. When this process works, it means our failures are relatively small in size (most experiments can start small), and when we hit on something that is really working for customers, we double-down on it with hopes to turn it into an even bigger success. However, its not always as clean as that. Inventing is messy, and over time, its certain that well fail at some big bets too.

 Id like to close by remembering Joy Covey. Joy was Amazons CFO in the early days, and she left an indelible mark on the company. Joy was brilliant, intense, and so fun. She smiled a lot and her eyes were always wide, missing nothing. She was substance over optics. She was a long-term thinker. She had a deep keel. Joy was bold. She had a profound impact on all of us on the senior team and on the companys entire culture. Part of her will always be here, making sure we watch the details, see the world around us, and all have fun.

 I feel super lucky to be a part of the Amazon team. As always, I attach a copy of our original 1997 letter. Our approach remains the same, and its still Day 1.

 Jeffrey P. Bezos

 Founder and Chief Executive Officer

 Amazon.com, Inc.

 April 2014

 1997 LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS

 (Reprinted from the 1997 Annual Report)

 To our shareholders:

 Amazon.com passed many milestones in 1997: by year-end, we had served more than 1.5 million customers, yielding 838% revenue growth to $147.8 million, and extended our market leadership despite aggressive competitive entry.

 But this is Day 1 for the Internet and, if we execute well, for Amazon.com. Today, online commerce saves customers money and precious time. Tomorrow, through personalization, online commerce will accelerate the very process of discovery. Amazon.com uses the Internet to create real value for its customers and, by doing so, hopes to create an enduring franchise, even in established and large markets.

 We have a window of opportunity as larger players marshal the resources to pursue the online opportunity and as customers, new to purchasing online, are receptive to forming new relationships. The competitive landscape has continued to evolve at a fast pace. Many large players have moved online with credible offerings and have devoted substantial energy and resources to building awareness, traffic, and sales. Our goal is to move quickly to solidify and extend our current position while we begin to pursue the online commerce opportunities in other areas. We see substantial opportunity in the large markets we are targeting. This strategy is not without risk: it requires serious investment and crisp execution against established franchise leaders.

 Its All About the Long Term

 We believe that a fundamental measure of our success will be the shareholder value we create over the long term. This value will be a direct result of our ability to extend and solidify our current market leadership position. The stronger our market leadership, the more powerful our economic model. Market leadership can translate directly to higher revenue, higher profitability, greater capital velocity, and correspondingly stronger returns on invested capital.

 Our decisions have consistently reflected this focus. We first measure ourselves in terms of the metrics most indicative of our market leadership: customer and revenue growth, the degree to which our customers continue to purchase from us on a repeat basis, and the strength of our brand. We have invested and will continue to invest aggressively to expand and leverage our customer base, brand, and infrastructure as we move to establish an enduring franchise.

 Because of our emphasis on the long term, we may make decisions and weigh tradeoffs differently than some companies. Accordingly, we want to share with you our fundamental management and decision-making approach so that you, our shareholders, may confirm that it is consistent with your investment philosophy:

  We will continue to focus relentlessly on our customers.

  We will continue to make investment decisions in light of long-term market leadership considerations rather than short-term profitability considerations or short-term Wall Street reactions.

  We will continue to measure our programs and the effectiveness of our investments analytically, to jettison those that do not provide acceptable returns, and to step up our investment in those that work best. We will continue to learn from both our successes and our failures.

  We will make bold rather than timid investment decisions where we see a sufficient probability of gaining market leadership advantages. Some of these investments will pay off, others will not, and we will have learned another valuable lesson in either case.

  When forced to choose between optimizing the appearance of our GAAP accounting and maximizing the present value of future cash flows, well take the cash flows.

  We will share our strategic thought processes with you when we make bold choices (to the extent competitive pressures allow), so that you may evaluate for yourselves whether we are making rational long-term leadership investments.

  We will work hard to spend wisely and maintain our lean culture. We understand the importance of continually reinforcing a cost-conscious culture, particularly in a business incurring net losses.

  We will balance our focus on growth with emphasis on long-term profitability and capital management. At this stage, we choose to prioritize growth because we believe that scale is central to achieving the potential of our business model.

  We will continue to focus on hiring and retaining versatile and talented employees, and continue to weight their compensation to stock options rather than cash. We know our success will be largely affected by our ability to attract and retain a motivated employee base, each of whom must think like, and therefore must actually be, an owner.

 We arent so bold as to claim that the above is the right investment philosophy, but its ours, and we would be remiss if we werent clear in the approach we have taken and will continue to take.

 With this foundation, we would like to turn to a review of our business focus, our progress in 1997, and our outlook for the future.

 Obsess Over Customers

 From the beginning, our focus has been on offering our customers compelling value. We realized that the Web was, and still is, the World Wide Wait. Therefore, we set out to offer customers something they simply could not get any other way, and began serving them with books. We brought them much more selection than was possible in a physical store (our store would now occupy 6 football fields), and presented it in a useful, easy-to-search, and easy-to-browse format in a store open 365 days a year, 24 hours a day. We maintained a dogged focus on improving the shopping experience, and in 1997 substantially enhanced our store. We now offer customers gift certificates, 1-Click SM shopping, and vastly more reviews, content, browsing options, and recommendation features. We dramatically lowered prices, further increasing customer value. Word of mouth remains the most powerful customer acquisition tool we have, and we are grateful for the trust our customers have placed in us. Repeat purchases and word of mouth have combined to make Amazon.com the market leader in online bookselling.

 By many measures, Amazon.com came a long way in 1997:

  Sales grew from $15.7 million in 1996 to $147.8 million  an 838% increase.

  Cumulative customer accounts grew from 180,000 to 1,510,000  a 738% increase.

  The percentage of orders from repeat customers grew from over 46% in the fourth quarter of 1996 to over 58% in the same period in 1997.

  In terms of audience reach, per Media Metrix, our Web site went from a rank of 90th to within the top 20.

  We established long-term relationships with many important strategic partners, including America Online, Yahoo!, Excite, Netscape, GeoCities, AltaVista, @Home, and Prodigy.

 Infrastructure

 During 1997, we worked hard to expand our business infrastructure to support these greatly increased traffic, sales, and service levels:

  Amazon.coms employee base grew from 158 to 614, and we significantly strengthened our management team.

  Distribution center capacity grew from 50,000 to 285,000 square feet, including a 70% expansion of our Seattle facilities and the launch of our second distribution center in Delaware in November.

  Inventories rose to over 200,000 titles at year-end, enabling us to improve availability for our customers.

  Our cash and investment balances at year-end were $125 million, thanks to our initial public offering in May 1997 and our $75 million loan, affording us substantial strategic flexibility.

 Our Employees

 The past years success is the product of a talented, smart, hard-working group, and I take great pride in being a part of this team. Setting the bar high in our approach to hiring has been, and will continue to be, the single most important element of Amazon.coms success.

 Its not easy to work here (when I interview people I tell them, You can work long, hard, or smart, but at Amazon.com you cant choose two out of three), but we are working to build something important, something that matters to our customers, something that we can all tell our grandchildren about. Such things arent meant to be easy. We are incredibly fortunate to have this group of dedicated employees whose sacrifices and passion build Amazon.com.

 Goals for 1998

 We are still in the early stages of learning how to bring new value to our customers through Internet commerce and merchandising. Our goal remains to continue to solidify and extend our brand and customer base. This requires sustained investment in systems and infrastructure to support outstanding customer convenience, selection, and service while we grow. We are planning to add music to our product offering, and over time we believe that other products may be prudent investments. We also believe there are significant opportunities to better serve our customers overseas, such as reducing delivery times and better tailoring the customer experience. To be certain, a big part of the challenge for us will lie not in finding new ways to expand our business, but in prioritizing our investments.

 We now know vastly more about online commerce than when Amazon.com was founded, but we still have so much to learn. Though we are optimistic, we must remain vigilant and maintain a sense of urgency. The challenges and hurdles we will face to make our long-term vision for Amazon.com a reality are several: aggressive, capable, well-funded competition; considerable growth challenges and execution risk; the risks of product and geographic expansion; and the need for large continuing investments to meet an expanding market opportunity. However, as weve long said, online bookselling, and online commerce in general, should prove to be a very large market, and its likely that a number of companies will see significant benefit. We feel good about what weve done, and even more excited about what we want to do.

 1997 was indeed an incredible year. We at Amazon.com are grateful to our customers for their business and trust, to each other for our hard work, and to our shareholders for their support and encouragement.

 Jeffrey P. Bezos

 Founder and Chief Executive Officer |||||

Write a summary.

– Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos sent out his annual letter to shareholders this week, and Business Insider takes note of one part in particular about the company's "Pay to Quit" program. Amazon offers some employees up to $5,000 to leave, and Bezos explains that the principle is "pretty simple": "Once a year, we offer to pay our associates to quit. The first year the offer is made, it’s for $2,000. Then it goes up one thousand dollars a year until it reaches $5,000. The headline on the offer is 'Please Don’t Take This Offer.' We hope they don’t take the offer; we want them to stay. Why do we make this offer? The goal is to encourage folks to take a moment and think about what they really want. In the long-run, an employee staying somewhere they don’t want to be isn’t healthy for the employee or the company." The Tennessean fills in some gaps: The offer is good only for employees in the company's "fulfillment centers"—the warehouses where all those online orders get packed and shipped. A spokeswoman tells the paper that only a "small percentage of employees take the offer." The Huffington Post, meanwhile, notes that many of those warehouse workers are part-timers, and it's unclear whether they would qualify for the deal. Still, it's an interesting idea, writes Max Nisen at Quartz, and it shows how Bezos isn't afraid to experiment to improve his workforce.


The Norwegian captain who found Perry Cohen and Austin Stephanos’ tiny boat bobbing off the coast of Bermuda last month called it an extraordinary coincidence over which he’s still marveling.

 In an interview with The Palm Beach Post from Norway, Håvard Melvaer, 40, said the discovery happened while captaining the Edda Fjord, a massive multipurpose supply ship, on its route from Port Fourchon, La., to its home port in Haugesund, Norway.

 A week into their voyage, on March 18, Melvaer said he was in his office working on some Excel spreadsheets when his wife came up to see him in the afternoon.

 “You look tired,” she said. “Let’s go out for some fresh air.”

 The second he stepped out the door, he spotted the 19-foot SeaCraft in the water about 30 to 40 feet off the port side.

 + Håvard Melvaer, captain of the Edda Fjord (Courtesy Håvard Melvaer) ×

 Nobody else in the 16-person crew noticed it. The officer on the bridge was using binoculars to keep lookout, but at that moment was looking off the starboard side, Melvaer said. Had his wife not asked him to step outside, he would have missed it, too.

 “We were basically just crossing exactly where it was at the time,” Melvaer said. “It’s just a stroke of luck. There was no skill involved. It just took a pair of eyes looking in that direction at that particular time.”

 Melvaer said he’s tried to wrap his head around how unlikely it was.

 “You kind of think a little bit and try to understand the concept of how big it really is,” he said. “It’s amazing. We kind of felt like it wanted to be found.”

 The discovery, nearly eight months after Austin and Perry left the Jupiter Inlet and never returned, has been called a “miracle” by the U.S. Coast Guard. Coast Guardsmen initially found it floating 67 miles off the coast of Daytona Beach two days after the Tequesta teens disappeared. They attached a data marker buoy to it and continued searching for the boys, but the device failed. When they went to retrieve the boat, it was gone.

 The boat is now packed in a shipping container and expected to arrive May 16 at Port Everglades. Its contents — Austin’s iPhone, two fishing rods and two small tackle boxes — have been returned to the families. The phone could offer clues to their disappearance if the family wants to pursue them.

 Melvaer said Sunday that after spotting the boat, the crew hoisted it on board to remove it from the shipping lane, a standard practice. The boat was intact and had a serial number on the engine, so he notified the Coast Guard.

 In the meantime, he wondered about the boat and its crew.

 “I went up to my office and basically Googled ‘missing fisherman,’ I think, and it (Austin and Perry’s story) came up as one of the first ones,” he said.

 He had never heard of the boys, but when the Coast Guard confirmed his suspicion and asked him to send photos, Melvaer was stunned. He and the crew felt they had to protect what was now precious cargo, he said, and they made sure it was kept out of harm’s way while on board.

 “I’m a parent myself, so I can identify with the situation,” he said. “I’ve been boating since I was a kid as well.

 “That goes for all the crew, as well. They had the same reaction. They felt that it was important to get this properly done and try not to do extra damage.”

 Since he started training at age 17, he’s only twice run across abandoned vessels in the water — one time the bow of a boat off the coast of India, and a second time a downed helicopter he happened to be searching for.

 “It’s not something that happens every day,” he said. “When you’re at sea, things have a tendency to blend in.”

 Melvaer declined to discuss particular details about the boat or its contents, citing the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission investigation and concern for the boys’ families. He wouldn’t say whether Austin’s cellphone was in usable condition.

 His hope is that the chance discovery might bring some peace to the families.

 “Let’s hope that this leads to something good,” he said. “Of course, nothing can ever replace what’s lost. We’re just crossing our fingers and hoping for the best.” ||||| WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. (AP) — A Norwegian ship captain has told a newspaper it was a "stroke of luck" that he discovered the boat of two teenagers lost at sea last July.

 The Palm Beach Post reported Sunday (http://bit.ly/22ZuQ9D ) that Havard Melvaer was in his office aboard the huge supply ship when he stepped outside for fresh air and spotted the 19-foot-long boat.

 Last summer, Austin Stephanos and Perry Cohen, both 14, had left Jupiter Inlet, Florida, in the boat and never returned. Lengthy searches turned up no clues. The Coast Guard initially located the boat off New Smyrna Beach, but a company hired to retrieve it couldn't find it later.

 Melvaer says the boat's in a shipping container and will arrive in Florida in May.

 ___

 Information from The Palm Beach Post: http://www.palmbeachpost.com |||||
What is a one-paragraph summary of the above article?

– A Norwegian ship captain says it was an incredible "stroke of luck" that he discovered the boat of two teenagers lost at sea last July, the AP reports. Havard Melvaer was in his office aboard the huge Edda Fjord supply ship last month when he stepped outside for fresh air and spotted the 19-foot boat, the Palm Beach Post reports. Nobody else on the 16-person crew spotted the boat, and Melvaer says he would have missed it if he hadn't stepped out at that exact moment. "You kind of think a little bit and try to understand the concept of how big it really is," he said. "It's amazing. We kind of felt like it wanted to be found." The captain says that after the boat was hoisted aboard, he Googled "missing fisherman" and was stunned to discover that it belonged to Austin Stephanos and Perry Cohen, both 14, who left Jupiter Inlet, Fla., in it and never returned. Melvaer tells the Post that he and his crew treated the boat, which is being shipped to Florida, as very precious cargo. "I'm a parent myself, so I can identify with the situation," he says. "I've been boating since I was a kid as well." Items found inside the boat, including Austin's iPhone, have been returned to the US. Austin's father, Blu Stephanos, said in a statement that he received a heartfelt message from the captain, explaining that he's the father of three boys and was deeply affected by the story of Austin and Perry. "He went on to say that, since recovering the boat, his entire crew had thought a lot about the boys and said, 'I think they will follow us in our hearts and minds for the rest of our lives,'" Stephanos said.


Here is a news article: JERUSALEM — After more than a week of local and international condemnation, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel issued a statement on Friday retracting his accusation that it was a Palestinian cleric who gave Hitler the idea of annihilating Europe’s Jews during World War II.

 Mr. Netanyahu, criticized even by Israeli historians for distorting facts, had already said he never intended to absolve Hitler of responsibility for the Holocaust by blaming the mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, but the new statement went further.

 “The decision to move from a policy of deporting Jews to the Final Solution was made by the Nazis and was not dependent on outside influence,” Mr. Netanyahu posted on Facebook, in Hebrew and English. “The Nazis saw in the Mufti a collaborator, but they did not need him to decide on the systematic destruction of European Jewry, which began in June 1941.”

 He went on: “Contrary to the impression that was created, I did not mean to claim that in his conversation with Hitler in November 1941 the Mufti convinced him to adopt the Final Solution. The Nazis decided on that by themselves.”

 Video

 That description aligns with the prevailing view of Holocaust historians, but was contradicted by Mr. Netanyahu in a speech on Oct. 20 to the World Zionist Congress where he recounted the meeting between Hitler and Mr. Husseini. “Hitler didn’t want to exterminate the Jews at the time — he wanted to expel the Jews,” Mr. Netanyahu said in his speech. He quoted the mufti as saying, “If you expel them, they’ll all come here,” referring to Palestine, and then said Hitler had asked, “So what should I do with them?” The mufti replied, “Burn them,” according to Mr. Netanyahu.

 Advertisement Continue reading the main story

 Historians declared his account to be a lie that appeases Holocaust denial, and many political analysts said Mr. Netanyahu’s speech undermined his own accusations that President Mahmoud Abbas of The Palestinian Authority was peddling falsehoods. But the controversy had mostly died down, making the timing of Mr. Netanyahu’s Facebook post — on a Friday afternoon, a quiet time in the Israeli news media — curious. ||||| Israeli PM says he did not intend to absolve Hitler of his responsibility for the Holocaust

 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has backtracked on controversial comments he made last week during which he said a Muslim elder had convinced Adolf Hitler to exterminate Jews.

 Netanyahu caused widespread outcry when he claimed that Adolf Hitler had no intention of killing the Jews, but only wished to expel them. According to the Israeli prime minister, the idea for mass extermination came from the then-Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini.

 "I wish to clarify my remarks about the connection between the Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini and the Nazis," Netanyahu wrote on his Facebook page. "In no way did I intend to absolve Hitler of his responsibility for the Holocaust. Hitler and the Nazi leadership are responsible for the murder of six million Jews."

 In contrast to his previous remarks, Netanyahu wrote Friday that "the decision to move from a policy of deporting Jews to the Final Solution was made by the Nazis and was not dependent on outside influence. The Nazis saw in the Mufti a collaborator, but they did not need him to decide on the systematic destruction of European Jewry, which began in June 1941."

 "Still, the Mufti was one of those who supported the Nazi goal of destroying the Jews," Netanyahu continued. "He conducted his activities from Berlin during the war, disseminated virulent anti-Semitic propaganda on behalf the Nazis, recruited Muslims to the SS, demanded that after conquering the Middle East the Nazis destroy the Jewish national home and vigorously opposed the emigration of Jews – even children – from the Nazi inferno, knowing full well that this would seal their fate."

 The prime minister said that his remarks were intended to illustrate the murderous approach of the Mufti to the Jews in his lengthy contacts with the Nazi leadership. "Contrary to the impression that was created, I did not mean to claim that in his conversation with Hitler in November 1941 the Mufti convinced him to adopt the Final Solution. The Nazis decided on that by themselves."

 He said it was "absurd" that his remarks were interpreted as though he absolved the Nazis of "even one ounce of responsibility" for the Holocaust.

 "It was important for me to point out that even before World War II it was the Mufti who propagated the big lie that the Jews intend to destroy the al-Aqsa mosque," Netanyahu wrote. "This lie lives on and continues to exact a price in blood."

 Netanyahu's original comments were heavily criticized throughout Israel and the international community. Germany even reiterated that responsibility for the Holocaust lay with the Germans.

 "All Germans know the history of the murderous race mania of the Nazis that led to the break with civilization that was the Holocaust," Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman Steffen Seibert said when asked about Netanyahu's remarks.

 "This is taught in German schools for good reason, it must never be forgotten. And I see no reason to change our view of history in any way. We know that responsibility for this crime against humanity is German and very much our own."

 In a speech at the World Zionist Congress in Jerusalem, Netanyahu described a meeting between Husseini and Hitler in November, 1941:

 "Hitler didn’t want to exterminate the Jews at the time, he wanted to expel the Jews. And Haj Amin al-Husseini went to Hitler and said, 'If you expel them, they'll all come here.' 'So what should I do with them?' he asked. He said, 'Burn them.'"

 Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas responded to Netanyahu's claims, saying that the Israeli leader had exonerated Hitler and was implicating Haj Amin al-Husseini for the "heinous crime that was committed against the Jews."

 He concluded, "In this vicious and despicable manner, Netanyahu wishes to fabricate history."

 The claim that Husseini came up with the idea of the extermination of European Jewry has been proposed by some historians at the fringes of Holocaust research, but is generally rejected as a theory.

 Read More:

 Benjamin Netanyahu, David Irving and company

 Netanyahu's new Nazis |||||
A summary of this is?

– Unusually for an Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu has had to clarify his position on who he thinks caused the Holocaust. In a Facebook post, Netanyahu backtracked from earlier remarks suggesting the extermination of European Jews was a Palestinian's idea, reports i24. "The decision to move from a policy of deporting Jews to the Final Solution was made by the Nazis and was not dependent on outside influence," said Netanyahu, though he stressed that Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini supported the Holocaust and collaborated with the Nazis. "My remarks were intended to illustrate the murderous approach of the Mufti to the Jews in his lengthy contacts with the Nazi leadership," Netanyahu wrote. "The interpretation of my remarks as though I absolved the Nazis of even one ounce of responsibility for the Holocaust is absurd." The Israeli leader's Oct. 20 remarks were widely condemned by historians and the New York Times finds it odd that he waited until Friday afternoon, when the controversy had almost completely died down, to clarify them. (Netanyahu's remarks caused Germany to issue a statement saying the Holocaust was indeed Hitler's fault.)


Article:

FILE – In this March 16, 2016, file photo, American student Otto Warmbier, center, is escorted at the Supreme Court in Pyongyang, North Korea. Fred and Cindy Warmbier, the parents of a young Ohioan who... (Associated Press)

 CINCINNATI (AP) — A coroner said Wednesday her office could not determine what led to the fatal brain damage of a young Ohio man detained in North Korea for more than a year.

 While the parents of 22-year-old Otto Warmbier and President Donald Trump have accused the North Korean government of torturing him, Dr. Lakshmi Sammarco said evidence has led to no "scientific facts" to solve Warmbier's mysterious death.

 "We don't know what happened to him, and this is the bottom line," she said. The cause of the death may never be known, she added.

 A coroner's report dated Sept. 11 shows the cause of death for the University of Virginia student as complications from brain-damaging oxygen deprivation through "an unknown insult more than a year prior to death." The medical term for his condition was called "chronic anoxic/ischemic encephalopathy." The manner of death was listed as "undetermined."

 While Warmbier's family declined an autopsy, Sammarco said her office used extensive medical scanning and imaging for a "virtual autopsy" and that nothing more would have been gained by doing an autopsy so long after his brain damage occurred.

 Warmbier's parents told a Fox News TV show Tuesday that North Korea tortured and "destroyed" him. Trump tweeted afterward: "Otto was tortured beyond belief by North Korea." Trump's tweet added to a series of recent accusations and heated exchanges between his administration and North Korean officials.

 North Korea has denied mistreating Warmbier, sentenced to 15 years of hard labor in March 2016 for allegedly stealing a propaganda poster two months earlier. North Korea has claimed Warmbier fell into a coma that resulted from botulism and a sleeping pill.

 Sammarco agreed with University of Cincinnati Health system doctors who treated Warmbier and said they found no evidence of botulism or evidence of fractures or healing fractures that might point to beatings. She said a forensic dentist agreed with her conclusion there was "no evidence of trauma" to Warmbier's teeth.

 Fred Warmbier said on TV that his son's mouth "looked like someone had taken a pair of pliers and rearranged his bottom teeth."

 Sammarco said Warmbier's body, including his skin, was in surprisingly good condition for someone who had reportedly been bedridden for more than a year, indicating he received regular care. Her office's report said his body appeared "well-nourished." There were multiple scars and bruises, some apparently stemming from medical procedures.

 He died in Cincinnati in June 2017, less than a week after his return to the U.S. Sammarco said Warmbier was put on "comfort care" measures, such as removing a feeding tube.

 The parents on Tuesday, for the first time, described the condition his family found him in when they went aboard an air ambulance that arrived June 13 in Cincinnati. His father said he was making an "involuntary, inhuman sound," "'staring blankly into space jerking violently," and was blind and deaf with his head shaved.

 UC Health doctors said in June that Warmbier was in a state of "unresponsive wakefulness" and had suffered a "severe neurological injury" of uncertain cause.

 His father didn't respond immediately Wednesday to requests for comment.

 ___

 AP Medical Writer Lauran Neergaard in Washington contributed to this report. Follow Dan Sewell at http://twitter.com/dansewell ||||| (Reuters) - An American student who had been imprisoned in North Korea for 17 months died from lack of oxygen and blood to the brain, an Ohio coroner said on Wednesday.

 Otto Warmbier’s death on June 19 was due to an unknown injury that occurred more than a year before his death, Hamilton County Coroner Dr. Lakshmi Sammarco said at a news conference.

 “We don’t know what happened to him and that’s the bottom line,” Sammarco said.

 Warmbier’s parents could not be reached for comment on the coroner’s report.

 The University of Virginia student was held by North Korea from January 2016 until his release on June 15. Warmbier, 22, was returned to the United States in a coma.

 The coroner and a Sept. 11 report by her office cited complications of chronic deficiency of oxygen and blood supply to the brain in Warmbier’s death. Only an external examination of the body rather than a full autopsy was conducted at the request of Warmbier’s family.

 North Korea had blamed botulism and the ingestion of a sleeping pill for Otto Warmbier’s problems and dismissed torture claims.

 Warmbier died days after arriving back in the United States.

 The native of Wyoming, Ohio, had been arrested at the airport in Pyongyang as he prepared to leave the reclusive communist country. He had been traveling with a tour group.

 Warmbier was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor for trying to take from his hotel an item bearing a propaganda slogan, North Korea’s state media reported.

 Saying his son had been tortured, Fred Warmbier told Fox News in an interview on Tuesday, “As we looked at him and tried to comfort him, it looked like someone had taken a pair of pliers and rearranged his bottom teeth.”

 “Great interview on @foxandfriends with the parents of Otto Warmbier: 1994 - 2017. Otto was tortured beyond belief by North Korea,” President Donald Trump said on Twitter following the interview’s broadcast.

 Slideshow (2 Images)

 In response to a question at the news conference, the coroner said there was no evidence of trauma to Warmbier’s teeth nor was there evidence of broken bones.

 The coroner’s report said that Warmbier’s body had multiple scars varying in size, including a large irregular one measuring 4.3 by 1.6 inches on the right foot. ||||| CLOSE The Hamilton County coroner said Wednesday she found no signs of broken bones on Otto Warmbier’s body, nor did she find that his teeth had been disfigured while he was imprisoned in North Korea as his parents claimed this week.

 Buy Photo Signs are placed in a yard in Wyoming as the community prepared for the funeral of Otto Warmer, 22, at Wyoming High School. (Photo: The Enquirer/ Liz Dufour)Buy Photo

 The Hamilton County coroner said Wednesday she found no signs of broken bones on Otto Warmbier’s body, nor did she find that his teeth had been disfigured while he was imprisoned in North Korea as his parents claimed this week.

 “We don’t have enough information about what happened to Otto at that initial insult to draw any concrete conclusions” about how Warmbier died, Dr. Lakshmi Sammarco told a news conference at her Corryville office.

 The coroner convened the session with reporters after Fred and Cindy Warmbier of Wyoming appeared on national television Tuesday to say their 22-year-old son had been tortured and “destroyed” in more than a year in North Korean custody.

 Sammarco acknowledged the parents’ bereavement, which was why, she said, that she did not announce completion this month of a final report in Warmbier’s death, which The Enquirer obtained Tuesday.

 But she said she felt the need to speak publicly when the Warmbiers claimed in their TV appearances on Fox News that Otto’s teeth looked like they had been “rearranged” with a pair of pliers.

 More: What killed Otto Warmbier? Coroner's report only deepens mystery

 Fred Warmbier, reached by The Enquirer after Sammarco’s news conference Wednesday, said, “We have no comment.”

 CLOSE Hundreds paid tribute to Otto Warmbier, who died Monday afternoon, at Wyoming High School in Wyoming, Ohio. Warmbier had been imprisoned in North Korea since Jan. 2016, when he was 22. He returned last week to his family in a coma. Carrie Cochran

 Warmbier died June 19, six days after North Korea released him. Once the severity of his brain injury was measured, Sammarco said, his parents directed physicians at UC Medical Center to keep him comfortable with sedation and to remove feeding tubes.

 His parents refused an autopsy, so Sammarco’s office conducted a physical examination of his body and performed a CT scan, “which we call a virtual autopsy,” she said. She said she was surprised by the Warmbiers’ statements on TV, so on Tuesday, she asked Cincinnati forensic dentist Dr. Frank Wright to review the pathology reports. Wright reported that he found no damage to Otto Warmbier’s teeth.

 “They’re grieving parents. I can’t really make comments on their perceptions,” Sammarco said. “But we here in his office, we depend on science for our conclusions. If we don’t have the science, we don’t conjecture.”

 Sammarco, a neuroradiologist, was elected coroner as a Democrat in 2012 and re-elected last year. .

 The final coroner's report said Warmbier had no broken bones or missing digits. The body did have about 10 scars of varying ages, with the newer ones consistent with medical care.

 The parents’ statements occurred as U.S.-North Korea relations have hit a 50-year low. The Asian nation has been testing missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads, and President Trump has threatened to destroy North Korea if it endangers the United States or its allies.

 At her news conference, Sammarco said it was impossible to determine what injured Warmbier’s brain. Either blood flow was cut, or his heart stopped long enough to damage his brain, and, “We don’t know the root cause of that,” she said.

 “The family is looking for answers that at this point, we’re never going to know,” Sammarco said, “unless the people who were there at the time would say, this is what happened.”

 The official North Korean statement when Warmbier returned to Cincinnati in June was that while a prisoner, he had come down with botulism poisoning, which can occur from eating spoiled food, and then had taken a sleeping pill.

 The proper treatment for botulism is an antitoxin, not a sleeping pill. Sammarco said she could not say whether Warmbier had indeed experienced botulism because any trace would have left his body long ago.

 She did say that for being bedridden for more than a year, “His body was in excellent condition. His skin was in excellent condition. There was no evidence of bedsores. … I’m sure he had to have round-the-clock care to be able to maintain the skin in the condition it was in.”

 Warmbier, a student at the University of Virginia and an experienced traveler, went to North Korea in December 2015 on a tour. On Jan. 2, 2016, as he was in line to board a plane to leave the county, he was arrested and charged with stealing a poster from a hotel.

 The government tried and convicted him and in March 2016 sentenced him to 15 years at hard labor. He also was forced to read a propaganda statement that his trial had been “fair and square.” The brain injury occurred a short time later: North Korean medical records that traveled with Warmbier back to Cincinnati revealed the brain damage by April 2016.

 After Warmbier’s funeral, North Korea denied torturing him. "Although we had no reason at all to show mercy to such a criminal of the enemy state, we provided him with medical treatments and care with all sincerity on a humanitarian basis until his return to the U.S."

 Read or Share this story: http://cin.ci/2yt26Ov |||||
What is a summary?

– The death of Otto Warmbier is a mystery and it will probably stay that way unless somebody from North Korea comes forward with information, Hamilton County Coroner Lakshmi Sammarco says. At a press conference in Cincinnati Wednesday, the coroner said the American student's death was caused by complications from brain-damaging oxygen deprivation around six months into his imprisonment in North Korea, but the cause of the initial "insult" could not be determined, reports Reuters. "We don't know what happened to him, and that's the bottom line," she said. Warmbier's family declined an autopsy, but Sammarco said a CT scan served as a "virtual autopsy." Sammarco, whose report stated there were no signs of torture on Warmbier's body, said he had apparently been well cared for during the year or more he was bedridden, the AP reports. Sammarco said she decided to speak to the press after Warmbier's parents told national media he had been tortured and "destroyed," the Cincinnati Enquirer reports. She said a forensic dentist found no damage to the 22-year-old's teeth, which father Fred Warmbier said looked like they had been rearranged with pliers. "They're grieving parents. I can't really make comments on their perceptions," she said. "But we here in his office, we depend on science for our conclusions. If we don't have the science, we don’t conjecture."


Write a summary based on this article:

We have taken data available in Wikidata and DBpedia on 'Military Conflicts' to create this interactive visualisation in nodegoat:

 Wikidata

 From the outside, it can be a challenge to keep up with all the developments within the ever expanding universe of wiki*/*pedia. So it's good to be reminded now and then of all the structured data that has become available thanks to their efforts:

 This looks pretty neat, especially since Wikidata currently has over 947 million triples in their data store. Since battles usually have a place and a date, it would be nice to import this data into a data design in nodegoat and visualise these battles through time and space (diachronic geospatiality ftw).

 So we checked the Wikidata sparql-endpoint to see what we can work with. Currently, there are 8049 instances of battles . If we select all the battles that have a location and a date, we are left with 410 battles. This query does not take into account that the location may be stored on a deeper level (as these battles may have a ‘place’ that has a location) and that the date may be stored as a ‘start time’ and ‘end time’. To take this into account, we use the following query:

 PREFIX wd: < http://www.wikidata.org/entity/> PREFIX wdt: < http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/> PREFIX rdfs: < http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> SELECT ?subject ?label ?coordinates (CONCAT(STR(DAY(?date)),"-",STR(MONTH(?date)),"-",STR(YEAR(?date))) as ?displaydate) (CONCAT(STR(DAY(?start)),"-",STR(MONTH(?start)),"-",STR(YEAR(?start))) as ?displaystart) (CONCAT(STR(DAY(?end)),"-",STR(MONTH(?end)),"-",STR(YEAR(?end))) as ?displayend) WHERE { ?subject wdt:P31 wd:Q178561 . OPTIONAL { ?subject rdfs:label ?label FILTER (lang(?label) = "en") . } OPTIONAL { ?subject wdt:P580 ?start . } OPTIONAL { ?subject wdt:P582 ?end . } OPTIONAL { ?subject wdt:P625 ?coordinates . } OPTIONAL { ?subject wdt:P585 ?date . } OPTIONAL { ?subject wdt:P276 ?location . ?location wdt:P625 ?coordinates . } OPTIONAL { ?subject wdt:P361 ?war . ?war wdt:P580 ?start . ?war wdt:P582 ?end . } }

 Here we use OPTIONAL to be able to include all available objects (even if they miss a property). Eventually we gathered 2657 battles that have both a location and a date. After a bit of cleaning (you can do this in Open Refine, or even in LibreOffice Calc or Excel), we've imported this set into nodegoat:

 You can use the timeline to scroll through time. We’ve added a colour scheme to differentiate between periods in time. Click here to view this in a new window. Clicking a dot opens a dialogue with a link to the object in Wikidata.

 DBPedia

 Last Friday, we noticed the buzz around the #dbpediadenhaag event and the discussions about the data DBPedia has harvested from Wikipedia. So we queried the DBpedia sparql-endpoint to see what battles they have in store. We found 12674 instances of MilitaryConflict. Of these, 4022 have date and location properties.

 SELECT DISTINCT ?battle (SAMPLE(?dates) as ?date) ?location WHERE { ?battle rdf:type dbo:MilitaryConflict . ?battle dbo:date ?dates . ?battle georss:point ?location . }

 If we look a level deeper for dates and locations we get 10116 battles that have a place and a date reference. The dates are messier than the dates available through Wikidata (as these have been harvested), so a bit more clean up is required here to get a workable list. Once we’ve imported this into nodegoat, we get this result. We can also combine both sets (with a total of 12703 records). And highlight the provenance of each dot.

 Most of the differences are a result of the messy dates in DBpedia. For example, compare dbp:date in this DBpedia record with the date in the infobox (which DPpedia harvests) of the original Wikipedia article. Other differences are due to the fact that we picked one location per battle and rounding of the latitude and longitude values.

 Furthermore, we found that very little statements in Wikidata had a proper reference and most of them referenced only to ‘French Wikipedia’/‘English Wikipedia’ etc (which was already noted by this report). See this article on the overlaps/differences between Wikidata and DBpedia.

 Connecting the Dots

 Once we had this up and running we checked what kind of objects relate to the events we found. There seems to be quite some data on the American Civil War in Wikidata, so we made a query to list the people who were present at the battles we identified earlier. This data allowed us to connect battles based on people who moved from one battle to another.

 We also included the births and deaths of these people to be able to produce this visualisation:

 Click here to view this in a new window. The 1957 death is William Lundy, see him singled out here.

 Data

 CSV-files generated and used: ||||| The seed for Wide00014 was:

 - Slash pages from every domain on the web:

 -- a ranking of all URLs that have more than one incoming inter-domain link (rank was determined by number of incoming links using Wide00012 inter domain links)

 -- up to a maximum of 100 most highly ranked URLs per domain

 - Top ranked pages (up to a max of 100) from every linked-to domain using the Wide00012 inter-domain navigational link graph |||||

– Researchers have used data harvested from Wikipedia and DBpedia to create a map of all the wars—at least those that have been documented—since 2500 BC. That's 12,703 battles, Sputnik News reports. Variously colored dots on the map represent battles from different time periods. Clicking on a dot yields available information about the conflict, including the name of the battle and its location. Check out the map here.