Summarize this article:

I've been at or watched every Apple keynote and product launch event since 1998. I was there when they killed the CD drive in the Macbook Air and the 30-pin connector in the iPhone 5. I've witnessed the demise of every Macbook charger.

 And I've never heard anything as ridiculous emanate from that stage as I did Wednesday, when marketing chief Phil Schiller explained why the iPhone 7 would not have a standard 3.5mm aux cable input, better known as the headphone jack.

 SEE ALSO: Apple unveils iPhone 7 and 7 Plus without headphone jack

 "It comes down to one word," Schiller said. "Courage. The courage to move on and do something better for all of us."

 Schiller was thoroughly mocked for those words on Twitter, and rightly so. Courage is marching across the Edmund Pettus bridge in Selma in 1965. Courage is facing down a tank in Tiananmen Square or a machine gun nest on the beaches of Normandy. Courage, by definition, involves doing something that makes you afraid.

 And what has Apple done? It has eradicated the most successful, most widespread and best-sounding audio standard in the world in favor of its own proprietary system.

 A number of words come to mind to describe this. "Hubris" is one; "arrogance" is another. Given the amount of $9 aux-to-Lightning cable dongles Apple is likely to sell, you could use "greed." Personally, I'd opt for "stupidity."

 So I can drop my iPhone 7 in the toilet, but I can't charge it and use headphones at the same time? #AppleEvent — Chris Taylor (@FutureBoy) September 7, 2016

 This is in no way the equivalent of losing the CD drive or the 30-pin connector. There is no technological excuse for this. Music does not sound better over a Lightning cable. Nor does it sound better over Bluetooth, or the proprietary wireless technology Apple is using in its AirPods. There's simply more audio information traveling over a wire than can travel over the air.

 Say it with me now: wired almost always sounds better than wireless.

 For years, I tried to convince myself otherwise. I've bought so many sets of Bluetooth headphones that my wife still laughs about it. My favorites were the 66Audio BTS Sport cans, which I went running with. I ignored the occasional skip in the audio and focused on finally being free of all wires! I even managed to convince myself I didn't look like Lobot from Empire Strikes Back.

 Then I bought the exquisite Bose QuietComfort 20 in-ear noise-canceling headphones, and I've never looked back. Do yourself a favor and check them out, even if you don't normally like in-ear phones (I generally hate the genre).

 Turns out it's not so much of a hardship to run with a wire attached to your iPhone when the sound is this crystal clear.

 Even if the AirPods didn't look like a dumb set of white plastic earrings, how confident are you that you won't lose them?

 Courage is buying the $159 Apple Air Pods and then going home to tell your spouse what you bought and for how much. #AppleEvent — Richard Hay (@WinObs) September 7, 2016

 The second most nonsensical thing Schiller said Wednesday? "It doesn't make sense to keep the jack, because space [inside the iPhone] is at a premium ... we want stereo speakers, we want Taptic engines."

 Oh really? I challenge you to find me a regular iPhone user who even knows what a Taptic engine is. If this is really about what "we" want, why not run a poll: Do you want your iPhone's home button to vibrate sometimes, or do you want to be able to plug in pretty much any set of headphones ever made in the entire world?

 "Space is at a premium." So Apple did to the headphone jack what San Francisco is doing to the middle class? #AppleEvent — Chris Taylor (@FutureBoy) September 7, 2016

 Not to mention all the other devices that plug into the phone's headphone jack. So long to Square's credit card dongle. See you later, temperature sensors, light meters, thermal imaging cameras and personal breathalyzers. Refurbish yourself with a proprietary Lightning connector and pay Apple for the privilege, or GTFO!

 Talk about one step forward, two steps back. Here we are in 2016, and if you want the latest and greatest iPhone, you can't own the best-sounding headphones — unless you also use an expensive, unwieldy and easy-to-lose dongle.

 Want to charge your phone? Sorry, you can't listen to it privately at the same time. Unless you're using inferior wireless phones, that is.

 “[Airpods] instantly turn on and connect to your iPhone, Apple Watch, iPad or Mac[1].”

 [1] Requires an iCloud account

 WAIT REALLY? — Dan Hon is ⌨ ing (@hondanhon) September 7, 2016

 The old Apple mantra, "it just works," is officially dead this week. Having any set of cans whatsoever "just work" with any iPhone used to be a given — no matter if you got them 10 years ago, 20 years ago or in the box with an Android phone.

 Now Apple has retreated into its walled garden, and it has built the wall higher. It is a wall beyond the dreams of Trump. And guess who's paying for that wall? You.

 That's not courage, but it may provoke a large amount of pure rage. ||||| I've been at or watched every Apple keynote and product launch event since 1998. I was there when they killed the CD drive in the Macbook Air and the 30-pin connector in the iPhone 5. I've witnessed the demise of every Macbook charger.

 And I've never heard anything as ridiculous emanate from that stage as I did Wednesday, when marketing chief Phil Schiller explained why the iPhone 7 would not have a standard 3.5mm aux cable input, better known as the headphone jack.

 SEE ALSO: Apple unveils iPhone 7 and 7 Plus without headphone jack

 "It comes down to one word," Schiller said. "Courage. The courage to move on and do something better for all of us."

 Schiller was thoroughly mocked for those words on Twitter, and rightly so. Courage is marching across the Edmund Pettus bridge in Selma in 1965. Courage is facing down a tank in Tiananmen Square or a machine gun nest on the beaches of Normandy. Courage, by definition, involves doing something that makes you afraid.

 And what has Apple done? It has eradicated the most successful, most widespread and best-sounding audio standard in the world in favor of its own proprietary system.

 A number of words come to mind to describe this. "Hubris" is one; "arrogance" is another. Given the amount of $9 aux-to-Lightning cable dongles Apple is likely to sell, you could use "greed." Personally, I'd opt for "stupidity."

 So I can drop my iPhone 7 in the toilet, but I can't charge it and use headphones at the same time? #AppleEvent — Chris Taylor (@FutureBoy) September 7, 2016

 This is in no way the equivalent of losing the CD drive or the 30-pin connector. There is no technological excuse for this. Music does not sound better over a Lightning cable. Nor does it sound better over Bluetooth, or the proprietary wireless technology Apple is using in its AirPods. There's simply more audio information traveling over a wire than can travel over the air.

 Say it with me now: wired almost always sounds better than wireless.

 For years, I tried to convince myself otherwise. I've bought so many sets of Bluetooth headphones that my wife still laughs about it. My favorites were the 66Audio BTS Sport cans, which I went running with. I ignored the occasional skip in the audio and focused on finally being free of all wires! I even managed to convince myself I didn't look like Lobot from Empire Strikes Back.

 Then I bought the exquisite Bose QuietComfort 20 in-ear noise-canceling headphones, and I've never looked back. Do yourself a favor and check them out, even if you don't normally like in-ear phones (I generally hate the genre).

 Turns out it's not so much of a hardship to run with a wire attached to your iPhone when the sound is this crystal clear.

 Even if the AirPods didn't look like a dumb set of white plastic earrings, how confident are you that you won't lose them?

 Courage is buying the $159 Apple Air Pods and then going home to tell your spouse what you bought and for how much. #AppleEvent — Richard Hay (@WinObs) September 7, 2016

 The second most nonsensical thing Schiller said Wednesday? "It doesn't make sense to keep the jack, because space [inside the iPhone] is at a premium ... we want stereo speakers, we want Taptic engines."

 Oh really? I challenge you to find me a regular iPhone user who even knows what a Taptic engine is. If this is really about what "we" want, why not run a poll: Do you want your iPhone's home button to vibrate sometimes, or do you want to be able to plug in pretty much any set of headphones ever made in the entire world?

 "Space is at a premium." So Apple did to the headphone jack what San Francisco is doing to the middle class? #AppleEvent — Chris Taylor (@FutureBoy) September 7, 2016

 Not to mention all the other devices that plug into the phone's headphone jack. So long to Square's credit card dongle. See you later, temperature sensors, light meters, thermal imaging cameras and personal breathalyzers. Refurbish yourself with a proprietary Lightning connector and pay Apple for the privilege, or GTFO!

 Talk about one step forward, two steps back. Here we are in 2016, and if you want the latest and greatest iPhone, you can't own the best-sounding headphones — unless you also use an expensive, unwieldy and easy-to-lose dongle.

 Want to charge your phone? Sorry, you can't listen to it privately at the same time. Unless you're using inferior wireless phones, that is.

 “[Airpods] instantly turn on and connect to your iPhone, Apple Watch, iPad or Mac[1].”

 [1] Requires an iCloud account

 WAIT REALLY? — Dan Hon is ⌨ ing (@hondanhon) September 7, 2016

 The old Apple mantra, "it just works," is officially dead this week. Having any set of cans whatsoever "just work" with any iPhone used to be a given — no matter if you got them 10 years ago, 20 years ago or in the box with an Android phone.

 Now Apple has retreated into its walled garden, and it has built the wall higher. It is a wall beyond the dreams of Trump. And guess who's paying for that wall? You.

 That's not courage, but it may provoke a large amount of pure rage. |||||

– Apple presented its new smartphone Wednesday, and nestled in with the iPhone 7's much-ballyhooed features was the disclosure that the company is getting rid of the phone's headphone jack—news that wasn't exactly met with universal acclaim, or much acclaim at all. Chris Taylor is one detractor of the headphone ditch, writing for Mashable that, in nearly 20 years of attending Apple product launches, he's "never heard anything as ridiculous emanate from that stage as I did Wednesday." Apple marketing head Phil Schiller used the word "courage" to describe Apple's innovation, but that's not how Taylor sees it. "Courage is marching across the Edmund Pettus bridge in Selma in 1965 [or] facing down a tank in Tiananmen Square," he writes. "Courage, by definition, involves doing something that makes you afraid." Apparently Taylor doesn't think Apple was quivering in its workboots when it came up with this plan. He's got plenty of other words instead of "courage" in mind, including "hubris," "arrogance," "greed," and his personal favorite, "stupidity," which he attributes to Apple for taking "one step forward, two steps back" both technologically ("wired almost always sounds better than wireless") and logistically (no more plugging in other peripherals like credit card readers, for example). Meanwhile, although much of the other feedback online is similarly cranky about the headphone jack's demise, Quartz notes that Apple is actually late, not early, in making this move: A handful of Chinese smartphone brands have been fiddling around with the idea for years, and some have already sent these phones, sans jacks, to market.


News article:

TORONTO -- President Obama warned Sunday that the world economic recovery remains "fragile" and urged continued spending to support growth, an expansionist call at the end of a summit marked by an agreement among developed nations to halve their annual deficits within three years.

 The president's remarks tempered the Group of 20's headline achievement at the summit, a deficit-reduction target that had been pushed by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, the host of the meeting and a fiscal conservative. Although there is broad agreement that government debt in the developed world needs to be reduced, there is concern that cutting too fast and too deeply will slow growth and possibly spark a new recession.

 In a news conference at the meeting's conclusion, Obama said that the world's largest economic powers had agreed on the need for "continued growth in the short term and fiscal sustainability in the medium term."

 "A number of our European partners are making difficult decisions," Obama said. "But we must recognize that our fiscal health tomorrow will rest in no small measure on our ability to create jobs and growth today."

 The group's closing statement included the specific deficit-reduction target, but it was couched in caveats -- that deficit reduction needed to be "calibrated" to avoid harming growth, paced differently in each country and paired with other reforms to strengthen the economy.

 Obama and European leaders, in particular, came to the meeting with sharply different views of the strength of the global economic recovery, with the U.S. president more pessimistic. The declaration, in the works for weeks, gave each side what it wanted, although the specific deadlines went further than the Obama administration had preferred before the meeting.

 The administration accepted the deadlines in order to avoid standing against Harper and such important economic powers as Germany. In his closing remarks, Obama stressed that "every country will chart its own unique course, but make no mistake -- we're moving in the same direction."

 The International Monetary Fund's managing director, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, called the deficit target an "oversimplification" of the problem; he said it was more important for individual countries to craft the right economic policies to sustain growth, not blindly cut for the sake of meeting a goal.

 Along with pledging to cut their annual budget deficits by 2013, the developed countries committed to stabilizing their overall debt by 2016. Obama recently set similar goals for the United States.

 Despite the seeming division between the United States' deficit-reduction target and the slower approach favored by Canada and Germany, Obama said there was "violent agreement" within the group about the need to find proper balance -- with some highly indebted countries such as Greece needing to cut immediately and others supporting the recovery with higher spending.

 Overall, the group's final statement reflects its consensus theory for how the world economy needs to change, with the heavily indebted Western nations steadily taming government deficits, and surplus-rich nations "rebalancing" to boost local spending and demand.

 Strong emerging markets such as China, the document said, need to guard against a slowdown by encouraging their governments and people to spend more, investing more on infrastructure, establishing better social safety nets to give families more income, and allowing exchange rates to fluctuate more freely -- a quiet reference to China's managed currency policies. China is a member of the G-20.

 "Advanced surplus" countries -- developed nations that run large trade surpluses -- committed to try to narrow the gap between imports and exports, a particular concern in Europe, where Germany's powerful export-led economy is blamed by some for economic weakness in Greece and elsewhere.

 But the G-20 delegations also left Toronto with much of the heavy lifting on new global financial rules still ahead of them.

 Discussion of a global bank tax -- once considered a major issue for the group -- ended with a commitment that the financial sector would make a "fair" contribution to the cost of resolving financial crises, but leaving it to each nation to decide how and when the contribution would be collected.

 The group also committed to requiring banks worldwide to hold a "significantly higher" amount of capital to buffer them against financial shock. But acknowledging the difficulty that will pose to some institutions, the group's statement opened the door for a transition period to give weaker companies time to raise the funds.

 The G-20 hopes by the end of this year to have new capital rules for banks in place, and leaders consider the issue a core element of global financial reform. But an early test of proposed bank capital rules found that they risked undermining economic growth. Even banks in relatively healthy systems, such as Canada, would have been in a bind and forced to raise substantial new funds, according to bankers and officials familiar with the matter.

 "We have the confluence of two forces. One is about making sure there are no more crises, but we have to make sure we don't destroy our domestic banking systems," said Hyun Song Shin, senior economic adviser to the South Korean government. "What you don't want to do is strangle bank lending." ||||| TORONTO — Leaders of the world’s biggest economies agreed Sunday on a timetable for cutting deficits and halting the growth of their debt, but also acknowledged the need to move carefully so that reductions in spending did not set back the fragile global recovery.

 The action at the Group of 20 summit meeting here signaled the determination of many of the wealthiest countries, after enacting spending programs to counter the worldwide financial crisis, to now emphasize debt reduction. And it underscored the conviction of European nations in particular that deficits represented the biggest threat to their economic stability.

 President Obama and Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner had consistently advocated a measured approach to debt reduction that would not stymie growth and lead to a double-dip recession.

 The United States, however, joined other countries at the summit meeting, which was met by protests and several hundred arrests, by endorsing a goal of cutting government deficits in half by 2013 and stabilizing the ratio of public debt to gross domestic product by 2016. Canada’s prime minister, Stephen Harper, had proposed the targets, backed by Germany and Britain.

 To assuage objections from the United States, Japan, India and some other countries, the timetable was couched as an expectation, rather than a firm deadline. The G-20 joint statement explicitly stated that Japan, which is heavily dependent on domestic borrowing, was not expected to meet the targets.

 The divisions were in contrast to the unity that characterized the previous three G-20 leaders’ summits, when the urgency of a potential global collapse produced solidarity and a unified economic approach. Although Mr. Obama insisted emphatically that there was “violent agreement” on the need to reduce debt over time, the final communiqué included a delicately worded call for deficit reduction “tailored to national circumstances.” In essence, the leaders were blessing their decision to go their own ways.

 The joint statement acknowledged both sides of the debate. “There is a risk that synchronized fiscal adjustment across several major economies could adversely impact the recovery,” the statement said. “There is also a risk that the failure to implement consolidation where necessary would undermine confidence and hamper growth.”

 In a news conference at the conclusion of the summit meeting, Mr. Obama referred only indirectly to the disagreement with Europe, saying, “We must recognize that our fiscal health tomorrow will rest in no small measure on our ability to create jobs today.”

 His concern about stimulus was echoed by some economists who viewed the pledge on deficits as imperiling the prospects for growth.

 “China’s growth, specifically, is not seen as sustainable at current rates,” Ronald A. Kurtz, professor of global economics and management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said in an e-mail message. “The G-20 declaration therefore amounts to saying ‘assume a miracle’ for global growth.” He said Europe’s fiscal austerity plans would also slow growth.

 But Dominique Strauss-Kahn, head of the International Monetary Fund, said he thought the risks of a new downturn were minimal.

 “We don’t forecast any double dip,” he said. “Double dip was not discussed at the meeting.”

 It is the first time the G-20 has set dates for deficit reduction, but the timetable, which is not binding, will probably not require new policy actions. Most of the governments, including the United States, have already put forward budget proposals in line with the targets.

 The leaders also discussed banking regulations, but could not agree on a proposal for a global bank tax, supported by the United States, Britain and the European Union, but opposed by Canada and Australia.

 And while the G-20 reaffirmed a deadline — their next meeting, in November in Seoul, South Korea — for agreeing on new capital standards for banks, they signaled that several countries might not implement the standards by 2012, as initially planned.

 “While the illusion of progress is good, I don’t see real action to alter the imbalances that brought us to this crisis,” said Raghuram G. Rajan, a former chief economist at the International Monetary Fund who is now a professor in the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago.

 The United States, he said, continues to run large trade deficits financed by Germany, China and Japan. “The U.S. has been the world’s consumer of first resort,” he added, “and because it has been unable to persuade other countries to spend more or to reform quickly, it is likely to take up that position once again.”

 Though Mr. Obama did not prevail in his emphasis on stimulus, he did arrive in Canada with three victories under his belt.

 European leaders had agreed to conduct stress tests on their big banks, an exercise successfully undertaken in the United States last year, in an effort to restore market confidence. China had announced that it would allow a gradual appreciation of its currency. And Congressional negotiators had agreed on a far-reaching overhaul of financial regulations.

 But those accomplishments did not alter the mix of lagging growth, heavy debts and anxious voters that pushed European leaders to press for austerity.

 “The U.S. may be concentrated on premature fiscal tightening, but most other countries are looking with a nervous eye to the sovereign debt mess in Europe,” said Kenneth S. Rogoff, a Harvard economist and former I.M.F. chief economist. “Aiming for a gradually improving debt-to-G.D.P. ratio by 2016 is hardly wild-eyed fiscal conservatism.”

 In that light, the G-20 outcome was a victory for Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, who argued that without actions to rein in spending, investors would drive up governments’ borrowing costs, as they did in Greece.

 Mr. Obama said, “We helped to draft this communiqué, which reflects our policies,” and added, “Keep in mind that we had already proposed a long time ago that we were going to cut our deficits in half by 2013.”

 He continued, “We can’t all rush to the exits at the same time.” But he also said that for all the talk of German austerity, it was actually reducing its spending gradually, and not any more quickly than the United States.

 While aides to Mr. Obama said that the G-20 statement was in line with budget plans he had already announced, others said it was a move toward austerity.

 “The best thing that countries with fiscal challenges can do is to show that they can live within their means,” George Osborne, Britain’s chancellor of the Exchequer, said. “Barack Obama has recognized that.”

 The mood here was far less anxious than in November 2008, when the G-20 leaders converged for the first time, in Washington, to battle a still-raging financial crisis. But it was hardly cheery.

 While China did not make any new commitments, the G-20 statement appealed to China to increase spending on infrastructure, let its currency fluctuate and strengthen social protections.

 Those actions are part of what economists call rebalancing — a reorientation of the world economy to be less reliant on debt-financed spending by North American and Western European consumers. China is the largest growth engine but its workers save too much and spend too little, some economists say.

 At China’s urging, the G-20 leaders removed from their joint statement a proposed clause that would have praised China for agreeing to greater exchange-rate flexibility. Mr. Harper said he understood China’s wish not to be singled out, for either criticism or praise, but added, “When you make commitments on the world stage, you will be held accountable for them.” |||||
What is a shorter version of the above article?

– The leaders of the Group of 20 nations wrapped up their 2-day summit today in Toronto, striking an agreement to reduce deficits over the next 3 to 6 years without endangering the global economic rebound. The major economic powers vowed to cut their deficits in half by 2013 and "stabilize" debt by 2016 while saying the reductions would be "carefully calibrated to sustain the recovery," reports the Washington Post. The dates are not formal deadlines, thanks in large part to pressure exerted by the US and other allies—including Japan, to which the timeline doesn't apply, the New York Times notes. The American delegation was in the minority cautioning about a double-dip recession. Said one expert: "Aiming for a gradually improving debt-to-GDP ratio by 2016 is hardly wild-eyed fiscal conservatism."


Write an article based on this summary:

– Forget satellite images and aerial searches—the best way to find Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 may be with mathematical techniques dating back to the 18th century, the BBC reports. That's how Air France flight 447 was found in 2009, using "Bayesian statistics" to measure the probability of the plane being in one place or another. Named after Presbyterian minister and mathematician Thomas Bayes, the technique allowed experts to apply several factors to each point on a map: For example, what was the chance it crashed from mechanical failure? How far do planes tend to crash from their last known location? What was the chance that search teams missed debris in various locations? It's like picking a restaurant by balancing how full it is, what your favorite restaurant-review website says, and so on—except that experts hunting for Airbus A330 did that for each point where plane may have crashed in the Atlantic, Five Thirty-Eight notes. It was so hard that the US team of statisticians invited by France gave up, until they de-emphasized one statistic: that a plane's black box emits a signal after a crash 90% of the time. They changed their findings, and presto, the plane was found. Bayesian techniques have helped people find World War II U-boats, men overboard, and sunken treasure, but there's no evidence that Malaysia is employing them now. "I suspect that they just guess, like professional baseball managers used to do before Moneyball," says a biostatistician.

What happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, and where is it now?

 Statistical tools can’t answer those questions any more definitively than Malaysian officials have. Yet they can help refine and focus the hunt for the plane and for a solution to the deepening mystery of its March 8 disappearance.

 Bayesian statisticians are particularly helpful in a search operation. Their methods allow hunters to update their estimates of the probability of finding their target in any latitude-longitude combination — or even in three dimensions, accounting for depth in the water. Bayesians helped hunt U-boats in World War II, a U.S. submarine in the 1960s and an Air France jet in 2011.

 There’s a fourth dimension to the current search: the cause of the disappearance. New developments, such as information about how the plane’s communication systems were shut off, have lowered the probability that the plane disappeared because of an accident and increased the likelihood of deliberate diversion. Which explanation is the current leader, in turn, affects the probability of finding the plane at any given location: A deliberate act has made spots farther from the takeoff point of Kuala Lumpur more likely.

 Bayesian inference formalizes what will seem, to many unfamiliar with it, like common sense. Its founding principle is that most new situations can be assessed and assigned probabilities: How likely is this restaurant to be good? How likely is this cough to be a cold? How likely is Duke to win the NCAA title?

 Our first estimate of these probabilities may be no better than an educated guess. For example, we know that 60 percent of our restaurant meals in town have been good, or that Duke has won titles in four of the last 25 seasons (16 percent).

 Then we start layering new information. The restaurant is full. Now we can feel more confident in our choice: All of our good meals in town have been in full restaurants, but just half of our bad meals have been. What is the chance of a good meal, given that a restaurant is full? It’s 75 percent, based on this new information, since 75 percent of meals in full restaurants have been good. Before ordering, we check our favorite food-review website and see that the place has four and a half stars out of five. Every meal we’ve eaten at restaurants rated that highly has been good, but just half of our meals at restaurants with lower ratings have been. So we update our probability again, accounting for any overlap between full restaurants and highly rated ones — until we eat, when probability is no longer a relevant concept because our mouths are full.

 Apply the same ideas to Duke, and you might examine the Blue Devils’ current ranking, their recent games, the probability FiveThirtyEight’s model and others assign to the team’s title hopes, and other tools to update that coarse, 16 percent probability.

 These examples require calculation of a single probability. Targeting a search in an area requires a probability estimate for every point in that area, really a probability distribution. Initially, we might guess that the probability is uniform: The object of interest is equally likely to be at any point. Then we update that distribution based on new information, such as — in the case of a missing plane — flight path, wind, ocean flow and which areas have been searched already.

 This approach has informed water searches for sunken treasure, for men overboard and for plane-crash debris, said Lawrence D. Stone, chief scientist at Metron Scientific Solutions, who has worked on many of these searches. Among them: the hunt for the remnants of Air France Flight 447, which crashed in 2009 en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris, killing all 228 people on board.

 Stone and his team’s methods helped inform a fifth Air France search two years after the crash, after four other efforts failed. Within six days, they found the wreck, and helped to show that the crash likely occurred because of pilot error in response to autopilot mode disengaging. After waiting nearly two years to understand their relatives’ disappearance, passengers’ families finally had answers. “We were very pleasantly surprised,” Stone said by email. “It doesn’t always happen this way.”

 Among the challenges is finding basic information about which areas have already been searched. “Search managers typically assume the search will be resolved quickly; only when it drags on do they realize they should have employed better record-keeping from the start,” Colleen M. Keller, a Metron senior analyst who worked with Stone on the Air France hunt, said by email. “Without good records, it will be very difficult for us to reconstruct and credit the current search effort.”

 Even with ample data, Bayesian hunters must quantify subjective judgment, “using expert testimonies and imagination,” as Nozer Singpurwalla, a professor of risk analysis and management science at the City University of Hong Kong, put it in an email.

 The Metron team outlined its success in a paper that makes plain the subjectivity inherent to the approach. For instance, the team had to account for the possibility that an earlier search covered an area including the wreckage site but missed it. So they examined each prior search, one by one.

 In the second search, in June and July 2009, two U.S. Navy ships listened for acoustic signals from beacons on the flight data recorder (also called the black box) and the cockpit voice recorder. Searchers designed the ships’ path to ensure that they got within 1,730 meters (a little over a mile) of every point in the area of the Atlantic they were scanning. Metron searchers had to calculate the probability that this search failed not because it was in the wrong area but because the beacons malfunctioned. This step alone, critical in determining how likely it was that a repeat search in that area would yield the wreckage, required several intuitive estimates, or educated guesses, if you like.

 First, the scientists calculated the probability the beacon would be heard within 1,730 meters as at least 90 percent. Then they capped that probability at 90 percent, based on learning from past searches that “detection estimates based on manufacturers’ specifications and operator estimates tend to be optimistic.”

 “I had been burned a couple of times before by optimistic sensor performance estimates,” Stone said.

 Next they had to account for the possibility the beacons had been damaged in the crash. This, too, required extrapolating from past crashes, which yielded an 80 percent probability each beacon was unscathed. But how close together were the beacons — and if one beacon was damaged, was the other more likely to be? Or was the probability of either one being damaged independent? The scientists figured there was a 25 percent chance of independence and 75 percent chance of dependence. That, in turn, yielded a probability of 77 percent that if the wreck were in that area, the beacon search would have turned it up. And that was just one piece of one adjustment to the scientists’ estimate of where they might find the plane wreckage.

 This method may sound like making up numbers, but to advocates of Bayesian techniques, applying a rigorous framework to expert subjective judgment is valuable. “This is one of the strengths of the Bayesian method,” Stone said. “We did not have a thousand examples of AF447-like crashes to guide us. This is when the Bayesian approach is most useful.”

 There are far fewer than 1,000 examples of past missing airplanes to guide the current search — just 80 since 1948, according to the Aviation Safety Network. Only two planes in the last seven years disappeared for at least 10 days: Adam Air Flight 574, in 2007; and Air France Flight 447. That makes subjective judgment a crucial input into the search, whether it’s being done qualitatively, or quantitatively using Bayesian methods.

 Keller said Metron isn’t involved in the Malaysia Airlines hunt. If it were, the same principles would apply: Start with all data, such as radar, visual or acoustic measurements, transmissions from the plane and so on. Then update to account for unsuccessful searches, and keep updating as new information comes in. “Bayesian search theory allows flexibility in this way and even accommodates conflicting information,” Keller said. “Nothing is discounted.”

 The extra layers of complexity in the Malaysia Airlines search — the new estimates of the plane’s location, mounting evidence that a deliberate act caused the disappearance — complicate the Bayesian calculations and estimates.

 Bradley Efron, a Stanford University statistician, said the complications make Bayes a bad fit for the Malaysia Airlines hunt. “Bayes’ Rule is good for refining reasonable (or at least not unreasonable) prior experience on the basis of new evidence,” Efron, who also expressed skepticism to Al Jazeera America, wrote in an email. “It is not good when new evidence changes the situation drastically.”

 But Tony O’Hagan, professor emeritus of probability and statistics at the University of Sheffield in the U.K., said that’s the perfect situation for Bayesian techniques, which should make searchers most effective in adapting to changing information, so long as they properly assume from the get-go that the plane might not be in the initial search area.

 Other advocates of Bayesian stats pointed to their usefulness in bringing discipline to what can be a difficult search process. Citing the work of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky on decision-making, O’Hagan said, “People have two modes of thinking. There’s a quick, instinctive mode and a slow, thoughtful mode. When problems are important enough, we need to force ourselves into the second mode — and Bayesian methods are exactly what we need.” He added, “It is likely that Bayes’ theorem would adjust faster than people would tend to do using quick-mode thinking” — because people can get locked into their quick conclusions, while Bayes slowly and steadily tacks.

 Arnold I. Barnett, a statistician at the MIT Sloan School of Management, worries that people who use the tools without fully understanding them may be led astray, “that the very act of quantifying a probability obscures the point that the numerical estimate is itself subject to uncertainty,” he said. “Thus the estimate might be taken more literally than is warranted.”

 Despite the widespread use of Bayesian methods in searches, not every airline or government uses them — there’s no evidence the Malaysian government nor Malaysia Airlines has in the current search, though they are getting help from a team of French government investigators who worked on the Air France hunt. (The Malaysian embassy in Washington, D.C., didn’t immediately respond to an emailed request for comment, and calls to the embassy on Monday yielded an automated reply that the office was closed because of snow.)

 “I suspect that they just guess, like professional baseball managers used to do before ‘Moneyball,’” said Peter Thall, a biostatistician at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.

 CORRECTION (March 18, 11:30 a.m.): An earlier version of this article incorrectly said Metron joined the search for Air France Flight 447 two years after the crash. Metron joined earlier; a search based on its Bayesian calculations that found the wreck began two years after the crash.

 CLARIFICATION: An earlier version of this article garbled an example of Bayesian inference about choosing a restaurant. The example should have said that meals were good at half of restaurants with ratings below four and a half stars, not that half of lousy meals have been good. ||||| Image copyright AFP Image caption Members of the Brazilian Frigate Constituicao recovering debris in June 2009

 Statisticians helped locate an Air France plane in 2011 which was missing for two years. Could mathematical techniques inspired by an 18th Century Presbyterian minister be used to locate the mysterious disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370?

 In June 2009, Air France flight 447 went missing flying from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil to Paris, France.

 Debris from the Airbus A330 was found floating on the surface of the Atlantic five days later, but the mystery of why the plane crashed could only be answered by finding the black box and the cockpit voice recorder.

 You may think that having found the debris it would be easy to find the rest of the plane, but it's not that simple - after a number of days, the material would have moved with the ocean current.

 Software does exist that can simulate how the debris has travelled from the initial impact. It is used regularly by the US Coast Guard.

 But in this case, because this area near the equator is known for unpredictable currents - particularly at that time of year - it was no help.

 Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Debris from the Air France crash is laid out for investigation in 2009

 American, Brazilian and French ships, planes and submarines all searched for the plane, but they couldn't find it.

 At this point France's aviation accident investigation authority, BEA, made a call to a group of statisticians in the US who had expertise in finding objects lost at sea.

 Senior analyst Colleen Keller flew to France to help.

 More or Less: Behind the stats Listen to More or Less on BBC Radio 4 and the World Service, or download the free podcast Download the More or Less podcast More stories from More or Less

 "The French BEA had already done a wonderful job of coming up with different theories for why the aircraft might have crashed," she says.

 They also had lots of data about historical crashes and the results of the searches that had already been carried out.

 To turn all this information into numbers and probability, Keller and her team from Metron Inc in Virginia, relied on Bayesian statistics named after a British Presbyterian minister called Thomas Bayes.

 This type of thinking allows you to assess various scenarios at once - even contradictory ones. The probability of each being true is brought together to give you the most likely solution. And if you find new information, you can revise your model easily.

 Keller and her colleagues went through all the available information and assessed the uncertainties of each piece of data - applying Bayesian principles of probability to work out the most likely location of the plane.

 The team split up the search area into a grid, and applied to each cell a figure representing the probability that the plane would be found there.

 Image copyright AFP/Getty Images Image caption A Brazilian Air Force radar plane prepares to leave Fernando de Noronha airport to search for Flight 447

 To calculate these figures, they first looked at the theories about what caused the plane to crash. For instance, they assessed the likeliness of various mechanical failures, and came up with a probability for each scenario.

 They then assessed historical data from previous crashes, noting, for example, that planes were usually found very close to where they were last known to have been.

 Finally, Keller and her team lowered the probability of the plane being found in locations that had already been searched.

 "There are two components to Bayesian maths which make it unique. It allows you to consider all the data you have including the uncertainties which is very important because nothing is certain," says Keller.

 "And to combine it all - it even allows you to combine views that contradict each other.

 "For instance with the Malaysian search, you have that arc to the north and the arc to the south. It's either one or the other but it can't have gone both ways, but [Bayes] allows you to preserve all your theories and weight them."

 The second benefit is that the Bayesian approach is very flexible, Keller says. It allows you to update your body of knowledge at any time. If something new comes up, you factor it in and update the probability map.

 Image copyright EUMETSAT HO Image caption A 2009 infrared satellite image shows weather conditions off the Brazilian coast and the plane search area

 In the case of the Air France plane, they could be sure that the plane had come down within a 40-mile radius of the last location pinged out by its on-board computer system.

 Who was Thomas Bayes? Image copyright Other Born in London, 1702, the eldest of seven children

 Studied logic and theology at University of Edinburgh from 1719 until 1722

 Became the The Reverend Thomas Bayes, serving as minister in a Presbyterian chapel

 But as a Nonconformist, he did not follow Church of England doctrines or practices

 Best known for his mathematical work on probability, giving rise to Bayes' Theorem

 Bayesian probability estimates are used all over the world, built into software that forecasts events including financial markets and weather

 Died in Royal Tunbridge Wells in 1761

 Yet this area was so huge that the investigators were struggling to know where to look.

 The probability map Keller provided gave, by contrast, a much tighter area to search.

 A team went out there, hoping that finally the mystery would be solved. But those hopes were dashed. There was no sign of the plane.

 It seemed the statisticians could not help after all.

 Some months later, though, Air France got back in touch and asked Keller to make one last attempt to analyse the data.

 This time, she and her colleagues decided they were not happy with one of their initial assumptions.

 The historical data showed that after a crash, the black box will be emitting a signal in 90% of cases.

 In the immediate aftermath of the crash, search teams had spent a lot of time sweeping the areas close to the last known location, listening for the ping of the black box or voice recorder.

 They had heard nothing. So Keller and her team had decided there was a very low probability the plane would be found there.

 But what if neither the black box nor the voice recorder were sending a signal?

 Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Alain Bouillard of the BEA speaking about the Air France 447 black boxes, found in 2011

 The Metron statisticians now adapted their model to this possible scenario and came up with a new area of highest probability.

 A team returned to the scene to look - and this time they found the plane.

 The mystery of the crash was solved. The black box and voice recorder data appear to show that the pilots were given faulty speed readings, responded inappropriately, and lost control of the plane.

 It's very likely if we don't get any breakthroughs, [Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 is] at the bottom of the Indian Ocean and we will never find it, sadly Colleen Keller

 "It still was a minor miracle that we found it," says Keller.

 "It was lucky that the wreckage was on the bottom of the ocean floor, on a very sandy area. There were some areas down there that looked like the Himalayas - in terms of mountains, crags, and valleys."

 If the plane had been in one of those areas, she says, "it could have been undetected forever".

 Keller says she is not sure Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 will be found.

 "It's a big world out there. And I know people are saying - how could you possibly hide or not find a Boeing 777?

 "[But] it's very likely if we don't get any breakthroughs, it's at the bottom of the Indian Ocean and we will never find it, sadly."

 Even finding debris might not mean finding the bulk of the plane.

 "If we found wreckage at this point, it would tell us it was in one body of water rather than the other," Keller says. "But it's so long since the plane would have crashed that I don't think the wreckage is going to be very helpful."

 Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook |||||


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– The death certificate of Tamerlan Tsarnaev apparently will hold no surprises. While Massachusetts officials have yet to release it publicly, the owner of the Worcester funeral home with his body said it lists the cause of death as "gunshot wounds of torso and extremities" and "blunt trauma to head and torso," reports CNN. That gibes with what authorities have previously said: Tamerlan was hit by police bullets and run over by Dzhokhar as the younger brother fled their shootout in a stolen SUV. The certificate lists the time of death as 1:35am on April 19, reports AP. The funeral home, meanwhile, is still striking out in finding a cemetery willing to take the body. "There’s a fear there,” owner Peter Stefan of the Graham Putnam and Mahoney funeral parlor tells WBZ. "Will people want to go to the cemetery, or will people be upset that somebody who’s a terrorist will be buried next to their Uncle Freddy.”

(CNN) -- For nearly two weeks, Tamerlan Tsarnaev's body lay unclaimed at the Boston medical examiner's office. A funeral home now has the remains and a quest is underway to find him a resting place in Massachusetts.

 But first, he will undergo a second "independent" autopsy demanded by his relatives, a family spokeswoman said.

 Other hurdles remain.

 His death certificate has yet to be filed with the Boston city clerk, and there is no burial plot yet, according to the funeral home holding the remains.

 If no grave site is found after the second autopsy, Peter Stefan, the owner of the funeral home, plans to ask the government to find a grave.

 Three cemeteries that Stefan contacted said they feared reprisals, but the funeral home owner said you can't pick and choose when it comes to a burial.

 "This is what we do in a civilized society, regardless of the circumstances," Stefan said. "As I told some of them, at the immediate moment you may fear (reprisal), but later on, when things calm down, people are going to resent you because you didn't do it."

 Tsarnaev died on April 19 after he and his brother shot a university police officer to death, carjacked an SUV and hurled bombs at officers pursuing them, according to authorities.

 A few days earlier -- April 15 -- he and his younger brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, allegedly bombed the Boston Marathon, killing three and wounding more than 260.

 CNN obtained a copy of Tamerlan Tsarnaev 's death certificate, which lists the cause of death as "gunshot wounds of torso and extremities" and "blunt trauma to head and torso."

 The document notes that Tsarnaev was shot by police and run over and dragged by a car. It lists the manner of death as homicide, and denotes that he was "DOA," or dead on arrival.

 Authorities have said his younger brother may have run him over as they resisted arrest days after the marathon attacks.

 Separately, 12 people remained hospitalized with bombing-related injuries on Saturday, according to a count by CNN. None were in serious condition.

 Also, the frantic manhunt two weeks ago for the surviving bombing suspect drew the attention of gun rights advocates at their convention in Houston.

 National Rifle Association Executive Vice President Wayne LaPierre said residents were "imprisoned" in their homes with no means to protect themselves while police searched for the younger Tsarnaev.

 "How many Bostonians wished they had a gun two weeks ago?" he asked.

 "Boston proves it. When brave law enforcement officers did their job in that city so courageously, good guys with guns stopped terrorists with guns," he said.

 'Everyone deserves to be buried'

 Tsarnaev's body remained unclaimed until Thursday, when an uncle, who had previously publicly condemned his alleged attacks, had a funeral parlor pick up the body.

 The uncle, Maryland resident Ruslan Tsarni, had decried the alleged bombers as "losers" after the attacks.

 Their parents in Dagestan have said they will not fly his body back to Russia for burial, spokeswoman Heda Saratova said.

 CNN affiliate WCVB reported that the hearse that picked up Tsarnaev's body ferried it to a funeral home 30 miles away from Boston, near the Rhode Island state line.

 Residents of North Attleboro, Massachusetts, took to the streets to boo Tsarnaev, when they heard about the presence of the corpse in their town, The Sun Chronicle reported.

 Others took to social media to vent anger at the funeral home for accepting the body. It was later transported to Stefan's funeral home, Graham Putnam & Mahoney Funeral Parlors in Worcester.

 "Everyone deserves to be buried," he said.

 The marathon bombings

 Authorities say the brothers carried out the Boston Marathon bombings using explosive devices made of pressure cookers.

 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19, is being held at a federal Bureau of Prisons medical facility in Devens, Massachusetts, charged with using a weapon of mass destruction, which carries the death penalty.

 He is being treated for gunshot wounds to the head, neck, legs and hands that he received in the shootout with police that led to his brother's death.

 Investigators found explosives residue in the apartment that the elder Tsarnaev shared with his wife and young daughter, a source briefed on the investigation said Friday.

 It has turned up in at least three places at the small apartment in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the source said: the kitchen table, the kitchen sink and the bathtub.

 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev has said they built the bombs there, U.S. law enforcement officials briefed on the progress of the investigation said.

 Other target, a cover-up

 The marathon was not the original target, the officials said. The brothers had set their sights on a suicide attack on the city's massive Independence Day celebration, which draws about 500,000 people and is televised nationally.

 But the bombs were ready sooner than anticipated and a day or two before the Boston Marathon, they changed their plans, the officials said.

 They spoke on the condition that their names not be used because they were not authorized to discuss the matter with the media.

 One key question involves whether intelligence, law enforcement and homeland security agencies could have done more in their investigation of Tamerlan Tsarnaev in recent years before the attack and whether they shared information effectively enough. An independent government review is underway.

 In an interview with Univision published on its website on Saturday, President Barack Obama said cooperation among agencies can always get better. But he again defended U.S. efforts.

 "I think we can continue to improve and refine how we're engaging and countering terrorist activity," Obama said. "I don't think it's fair to say though that law enforcement dropped the ball."

 It is very difficult to prevent attacks when dealing with individuals who are self-radicalized and not part of a massive conspiracy or network, he said about the current belief of investigators looking at the origins of the Boston bombing.

 Tsarnaev's widow, Katherine Russell, has remained largely out of view since her husband's death, staying in her parents' Rhode Island home.

 Her attorney, Amato DeLuca, says the 24-year-old knew nothing about plans to bomb the race, and reports of her husband's involvement came as an "absolute shock" to Russell and her family.

 Three of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's friends have been accused of covering for the bombing suspects.

 Azamat Tazhayakov and Dias Kadyrbayev, both from Kazakhstan, were charged Wednesday with conspiring to discard potentially incriminating items from Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's dorm room. Robel Phillipos, a U.S. citizen, was charged with making false statements to investigators.

 All three are accused of removing items from Tsarnaev's dorm room after the bombings. According to FBI affidavits released this week, they left with the backpack and Vaseline -- which Tazhayakov believed could be used to make bombs -- and Tsarnaev's laptop.

 Investigators found the backpack, fireworks and Vaseline in a landfill last week after a two-day search.

 The laptop was turned over by Kadyrbayev on April 19, the same day the FBI raided the apartment he shared with Tazhayakov, Kadyrbayev's attorney Robert Stahl said.

 The FBI is examining the laptop, two federal law enforcement officials told CNN.

 Authorities have said they believe the Tsarnaev brothers acted alone, but are investigating whether they could have learned from or have been aided by terror groups, including groups overseas.

 CNN's Chelsea J. Carter, Susan Candiotti, Eric Feigel, Carol Cratty, Marina Carver and Deborah Feyerick contributed to this report. ||||| BOSTON (CBS) – Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev’s official cause of death will be listed as gunshot wounds and blunt trauma, a law enforcement source told WBZ-TV’s Joe Shortsleeve on Friday.

 Tsarnaev’s body is now at a funeral home in Worcester.

 Peter Stefan, owner of Graham Putnam and Mahoney Funeral Parlors, told WBZ-TV Friday he is handling funeral arrangements for the Tsarnaev family.

 Stefan said his staff has experience with Muslim services, which includes washing the body and preparing it for burial.

 “We take care of a lot of Muslim funerals here, throughout the state,” Stefan said, “and this was no different, except for the circumstances.”

 A burial site has not yet been located and it’s not clear yet when a service will be held.

 “Normally, with Muslims it’s usually done sometimes as the same day, but no later than the following day, but we don’t have that option with this,” he said.

 WBZ’s Beth Germano has confirmed that two cemeteries, one in West Roxbury, and one in Enfield, Connecticut, have turned down requests to having Tsarnaev buried there. Cemeteries in New Jersey have also said no.

 “There’s a fear there,” Stefan says. “Will people want to go to the cemetery, or will people be upset that somebody who’s a terrorist will be buried next to their Uncle Freddy.”

 Stefan’s funeral home will have paid police details outside throughout the weekend.

 He told WBZ he is prepared for protests.

 “You’re always going to get a certain amount of people that are probably going to complain about what you do,” he said.

 WBZ NewsRadio 1030’s Lana Jones Reports

  |||||


KINGSTON, Jamaica (AP) — Opening a three-day trip to the Caribbean and Central America, President Barack Obama hopes to capitalize on mutual needs in the face of expanding Chinese influence and weakening power by Venezuela, once the energy juggernaut of the Americas.

 U.S. President Barack Obama, right, accompanied by Rep. Yvette Clarke, D-N,Y, walks down the steps during their arrival on Air Force One, Wednesday, April 8, 2015 at Norman Manley International Airport... (Associated Press)

 U.S. President Barack Obama waves during his arrival on Air Force One, Wednesday, April 8, 2015 at Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston, Jamaica. Obama arrived to Jamaica for a two day visit... (Associated Press)

 Obama's arrival Wednesday evening in Kingston, Jamaica, was low-key compared to the excitement he stirred in the Caribbean upon his election in 2008. Greeted at the airport tarmac by dignitaries including Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller, Obama slipped into a motorcade that ran through mostly quiet, empty streets.

 The visit comes amid a perception that Obama's interest in the region has failed to materialize. Yet his travels — first to Jamaica, then to the Summit of the Americas in Panama — follow a year of increased attention to the region by the U.S. president. His immigration executive orders, his efforts to slow the influx of Central American minors to the U.S. border, and his diplomatic outreach to Cuba have put a foreign policy spotlight on U.S. neighbors to the south.

 Obama on Thursday will meet with Simpson Miller and with other leaders in the 15-member Caribbean Community. He also plans to speak to young regional leaders in a town-hall setting, continuing a tradition of engaging new generations in foreign political and civil society institutions.

 The president promptly paid tribute to the island's cultural hero, the late reggae star Bob Marley, making an unscheduled visit Wednesday night to the legendary singer's museum. He toured Marley's former home as Marley's hit "One Love" played through the building's sound system.

 In the Caribbean, energy security tops Obama's agenda as the U.S. seeks to fill a potential void left by Venezuela's scaled-back oil diplomacy. Earlier this year, Vice President Joe Biden hosted prime ministers and other top officials from all Caribbean countries except Cuba at the first Caribbean Energy Security Summit in Washington.

 "We, in looking at the region, saw that a number of the (Caribbean) countries had significant energy needs," said Benjamin Rhodes, a White House deputy national security adviser. "At the same time, the United States has significant resources, not just in terms of our own energy production, but also in our energy infrastructure, in our ability to work with countries that have formed cooperative solutions to promote energy security."

 Meanwhile, China has steadily expanded its economic alliances in the Caribbean, providing much of the financing for new roads, bridges and other infrastructure projects.

 "China is running away with the gold in the view of many region watchers. Its footprint is visible and obvious through its 'checkbook' diplomacy in the Caribbean," said Anthony Bryan, an international relations professor at Trinidad's campus of the University of the West Indies. The public university system serves 18 English-speaking countries and territories.

 Obama's visit to Jamaica is the first by a U.S. president since President Ronald Reagan in 1982. Obama was last in the Caribbean region in 2009 when he attended the Summit of the Americas in Trinidad. His stop in Kingston comes ahead of his attendance at this year's summit of the Western Hemisphere's heads of government Friday and Saturday in Panama.

 ___

 Follow McFadden on Twitter: http://twitter.com/dmcfadd and Kuhnhenn on http://twitter.com/jkuhnhenn ||||| Image copyright Reuters Image caption The Bob Marley museum in central Kingston was Barack Obama's first stop after landing in Jamaica

 Barack Obama has taken a tour of the Bob Marley museum in Jamaica after becoming the first US president to visit the country since 1982.

 To the strains of the late reggae star's One Love, Mr Obama was shown around the sprawling house in Kingston that was Mr Marley's final home.

 The US president said he was a fan of the musician, telling his museum guide: "I still have all the albums."

 Mr Obama is in Jamaica to meet the 15-member Caribbean Community bloc.

 But his first stop after landing in Kingston was the old Victorian-style house in central Kingston that Mr Marley called home between 1975 and his death in 1981.

 Mr Obama spent 20 minutes in the museum, which now houses artefacts from the singer's life including gold records and his Grammy Lifetime Achievement award.

 His arrival aboard Air Force One on Wednesday made him the first sitting US president to set foot in the country since Ronald Reagan visited 33 years ago.

 He was greeted by Jamaican Prime Minister Portia Simpson-Miller and the US Ambassador to Jamaica, Luis Moreno.

 Mr Obama will meet representatives of the 15 countries in the Caribbean Community group on the three-day trip to Jamaica and Panama, and is expected to discuss energy and security issues. |||||
What is a one-paragraph summary of the above article?

– President Obama arrived in Jamaica last night, and his first stop was the Bob Marley museum, the BBC reports. Obama is the first US president to visit Jamaica since Ronald Reagan did so in 1982, and he's apparently a big Marley fan: During his 20 minutes spent touring the Victorian-style house where the musician lived from 1975 to his death in 1981, he told the guide, "I still have all the albums." The stop was an unscheduled one, the AP reports. Of course, Obama is technically in Jamaica not as a tourist, but to discuss energy and security issues with representatives of the 15-country-strong Caribbean Community group. He'll spend three days in the Caribbean and Central America. The AP notes that while there was great excitement in the region when he was first elected, Obama's arrival was greeted with "mostly quiet, empty streets," with locals having the feeling that the president's "interest in the region has failed to materialize." He has not been in the Caribbean since 2009.


– Debbie Speranza was surprised when she met up with her cousin at a Sydney wedding reception recently and they were wearing the same dress. But both women were even more surprised when they kept bumping into other women also in the same dress—a total of six women at the Australian wedding, which was attended by about 200 people total, showed up in the A$160 (about $128 USD) dress from Forever New. "No we are NOT the bridesmaids just the guests," Speranza wrote on the brand's Facebook page alongside a picture of the six women with the bride, Julia Mammone. She did dub the group #backupbridesmaids when the post went viral on social media, the BBC reports. "Then another walked in … then another one … and another one," Speranza tells the Telegraph. "A couple of the women were a little bit 'ahhhhh' but then we all saw the fun in it." She adds, "It wasn't a setup, I swear. I only knew one of the six women. Three were from the bride's side and three from the groom." The six women and Mammone are scheduled to appear on an Australian morning show Wednesday to discuss the viral incident.

Expand this summary.

Image copyright Debbie Speranza Image caption Debbie Speranza (centre) with her identically dressed friends, and the bride, Julia Mammone

 For many women, turning up to a 'do' in the same dress as someone else would be crushing, but when you find five other wedding guests have picked the same outfit all you can probably do is laugh.

 So instead of spending the day at a wedding in Sydney, Australia, trying to avoid each other, six friends in almost identical dresses decided to poke fun at themselves and lined up for a photograph with the bride, Julia Mammone.

 Julia also saw the funny side along with Facebook users who have viewed and shared the photo more than 42,000 times.

 Image copyright Facebook

 It was posted by Debbie Speranza, who dubbed herself and her friends "#backupbridesmaids." Laughing at the coincidence, Debbie posted a second photo, and asked: "What are the odds?"

 Image copyright Debbie Speranza

 Slightly overwhelmed at the "outta control" social media reaction, Debbie said she was still amused by what happened.

 You might also like:

 Debbie also shared the photo with the shop where the women had bought their dresses, saying: "You really should start a bridal registry so that your customers can enquire whether anyone else has purchased one of your dresses for the same event - no we are NOT the bridesmaids just the guests."

 That post alone drew more than 10,000 comments with friends tagging each other with memories of similar, if not such large-scale, fashion faux pas.

 Image copyright Facebook

 Jamie-Leigh Austin's friend Laura Frazer said wearing the same dress to a wedding as a stranger was a great conversation starter.

 But Yeng Vang wrote: "My worst nightmare being dressed the same as someone else. I would literally go home and change."

 And Sandra James wrote about turning up to her daughter's wedding only to find she was wearing the same outfit as the mother-of-the-groom.

 Rather than dodging the photographer, she said she was on "such a high" that both women just decided to get on and embrace the day.

 Image copyright Facebook

 But spare a thought for Chantel Lopex-Rubio.

 It can be hard enough to cope when you're at a fancy function wearing the same dress as another guest - or as five others - but how do you recover when you realise your expensive frock is a dead ringer for the curtains?

 Image copyright Chantel Lopez-Rubio/Facebook

 By Annie Flury, UGC and Social News Team ||||| Life went one better than art on Saturday when six Sydney women – who were not bridesmaids - arrived at a wedding reception all accidentally wearing the same A$160 (£95) dress.

 Mirroring the 1993 Alan Ball play, Five Women Wearing The Same Dress, after some initial confusion the six women – whose group photos have prompted amused horror from women around the world - eventually bonded, before dancing the night away.

 "Imagine the odds," Debbie Speranza, one of the six women, wrote on a Facebook post on fashion brand Forever New's Facebook page. That photo has since received 39,000 likes over 9,500 comments.

 Ms Speranza set the scene for the Telegraph two days later: "My cousin and I walked into the reception and saw each other [in the same dress] and started laughing, but then another walked in … then another one … and another one. There was about 200 people.” |||||


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– About 10 people were sickened after a suspicious package arrived in the mailroom of an IRS building in Kansas City, Missouri, Friday morning, a fire official tells the AP. Symptoms included vomiting and sweating; two of the people were taken to a hospital but are in good condition. The package's contents have not yet been determined, but the fire department is checking for gasses and fumes. The building was not evacuated, but the package has been isolated from the public. Law enforcement is investigating, the Kansas City Star reports.

KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — A fire official says about 10 people were sickened by a suspicious package in the mailroom of a sprawling IRS building in downtown Kansas City, Missouri.

 Kansas City Fire Department spokesman James Garrett says 10 people complained of feeling ill, including vomiting and sweating, after the package arrived at the building Friday. He says two people were taken to a hospital.

 St. Luke's Hospital spokeswoman Laurel Gifford says those victims are in good condition.

 Garrett says the Fire Department was checking for gasses and fumes but hasn't determined the package's contents. He says the package was isolated from the public.

 The building was not evacuated and has returned to business.

 Garrett says the investigation has been turned over to the IRS and other federal authorities. ||||| These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. |||||


GOP Eyes Gains As Voters In 11 States Pick Governors

 Enlarge this image toggle caption Jim Cole/AP Jim Cole/AP

 Voters in 11 states will pick their governors tonight, and Republicans appear on track to increase their numbers by at least one, with the potential to extend their hold to more than two-thirds of the nation's top state offices.

 Eight of the gubernatorial seats up for grabs are now held by Democrats; three are in Republican hands. Republicans currently hold 29 governorships, Democrats have 20, and Rhode Island's Gov. Lincoln Chafee is an Independent.

 Polls and race analysts suggest that only three of tonight's contests are considered competitive, all in states where incumbent Democratic governors aren't running again: Montana, New Hampshire and Washington.

 While those state races remain too close to call, Republicans are expected to wrest the North Carolina governorship from Democratic control, and to easily win GOP-held seats in Utah, North Dakota and Indiana.

 Democrats are likely to hold on to their seats in West Virginia and Missouri, and are expected to notch safe wins in races for seats they hold in Vermont and Delaware.

 Holding Sway On Health Care

 While the occupant of the governor's office is historically far less important than the party that controls the state legislature, top state officials in coming years are expected to wield significant influence in at least one major area.

 And that's health care, says political scientist Thad Kousser, co-author of The Power of American Governors.

 "No matter who wins the presidency, national politics is going to be stalemated on the Affordable Care Act," says Kousser, of the University of California, San Diego.

 A recent U.S. Supreme Court decision giving states the ability to opt out of the law's expansion of Medicaid, the federal insurance program for poor, disabled and elderly Americans, confers "incredible power" on the states and their governors, Kousser says.

 Just look at what happened when the Obama administration in 2010 offered federal stimulus money to states to begin building a high-speed rail network. Three Republican governors, including Rick Scott of Florida and Scott Walker of Wisconsin, rejected a share of the money citing debt and deficit concerns.

 "A [Mitt] Romney victory would dramatically empower Republican governors," Kousser says.

 State-By-State View

 North Carolina: One-term incumbent Democratic Gov. Beverly Perdue, the first woman to hold the state's top office, announced in January that she would not seek re-election after polls showed her with high disapproval ratings and trailing Republican candidate Pat McCrory.

 The seat is expected to be won by McCrory, a former Charlotte mayor, who is facing Perdue's lieutenant governor, Walter Dalton. McCrory lost a close race to Perdue in 2008, when then-presidential candidate Barack Obama became the first Democrat to win North Carolina in more than three decades. The Real Clear Politics average for the race has McCrory maintaining a 14.3 percentage point lead.

 Montana: Popular Democratic Gov. Brian Schweitzer — he won his last election with 65 percent of the vote — has reached his two-term limit. The state's Democratic Attorney General Steve Bullock is trying to keep the seat in his party's column by associating himself with Schweitzer's legacy. He's in a tough race with former two-term GOP Rep. Rick Hill.

 New Hampshire: Former Democratic state Sen. Maggie Hassan has also promised a continuation of the policies of her predecessor, retiring Democratic Gov. John Lynch. Her opponent is lawyer Ovide Lamontagne, a Tea Party conservative who ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1996 and for the U.S. Senate in 2010. The national parties have invested in the campaigns, which have focused on fiscal and women's health care issues.

 Washington: The state's governorship has been in Democratic hands for 32 years, and former U.S. Rep. Jay Inslee is in a dead-heat battle to keep it that way. His opponent is the state's Republican Attorney General Rob McKenna. McKenna has a proven ability to win statewide, but working in Inslee's favor are Obama's poll numbers. The Real Clear Politics average shows Obama with an average 13.6 percentage point lead over Romney; Inslee is leading McKenna by an average of 1 percentage point.

 Pretty Much Sure Things

 Republican Govs. Jack Dalrymple in North Dakota and Gary Herbert in Utah, and GOP Rep. Mike Pence in Indiana are expected to win. So are Democratic Govs. Peter Shumlin in Vermont and Jack Markell in Delaware.

 Democrats are also hoping to hold on to the governorship in Missouri, where Jay Nixon is running for a second term against Republican Dave Spence; and in West Virginia, where Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin, former state senate president, is running for his first full term after winning a special election in 2011. GOP businessman Bill Maloney is his opponent, as he was last year.

 Nixon has been consistently outpolling Spence by an average of about 7 points in Missouri. Tomblin is seen as likely to retain his seat, even in a state where Romney is leading Obama by double digits. ||||| GOP Eyes Gains As Voters In 11 States Pick Governors

 Jim Cole / AP i Jim Cole / AP

 Voters in 11 states will pick their governors tonight, and Republicans appear on track to increase their numbers by at least one, and with the potential to extend their hold to more than two-thirds of the nation's top state offices.

 Eight of the gubernatorial seats up for grabs today are now held by Democrats; three are in Republican hands. Republicans currently hold 29 governorships, Democrats have 20; and Rhode Island's Gov. Lincoln Chafee is an Independent.

 Polls and race analysts suggest that only three of tonight's contests are considered competitive, all in states where incumbent Democratic governors aren't running again: Montana, New Hampshire and Washington.

 While those state races remain too close to call, Republicans are expected to wrest the North Carolina governorship from Democratic control, and to easily win GOP-held seats in Utah, North Dakota and Indiana.

 Democrats are likely hold on to their seats in West Virginia and Missouri; and expected to notch safe wins in races for seats they hold in Vermont and Delaware.

 Holding Sway On Health Care

 While the occupant of the governor's office is historically far less important than the party that controls the state legislature, top state officials in coming years are expected to wield significant influence in at least one major area.

 And that's health care, says political scientist Thad Kousser, co-author of The Power of American Governors.

 "No matter who wins the presidency, national politics is going to be stalemated on the Affordable Care Act," says Kousser, of the University of California-Berkeley.

 A recent U.S. Supreme Court decision giving states the ability to opt out of the law's expansion of Medicaid, the federal insurance program for poor, disabled and elderly Americans, confers "incredible power" on the states and their governors, Kousser says.

 Just look at what happened when the Obama administration in 2010 offered federal stimulus money to states to begin building a high-speed rail network. Three Republican governors, including Rick Scott of Florida and Scott Walker of Wisconsin, rejected a share of the money citing debt and deficit concerns.

 "A [Mitt] Romney victory would dramatically empower Republican governors," Kousser says.

 State-by-State View

 North Carolina: One-term incumbent Democratic Gov. Beverly Perdue, the first woman to hold the state's top office, announced in January she would not seek re-election after polls showed her with high disapproval ratings and trailing Republican candidate Pat McCrory.

 The seat is expected to be won by McCrory, a former Charlotte mayor, who is facing Perdue's lieutenant governor, Walter Dalton. McCrory lost a close race to Perdue in 2008, when then-presidential candidate Barack Obama became the first Democrat to win North Carolina in more than three decades. The Real Clear Politics average for the race has McCrory maintaining a 14.3 percentage point lead.

 Montana: Popular Democratic Gov. Brian Schweitzer — he won his last election with 65 percent of the vote — has reached his two-term limit. The state's Democratic Attorney General Steve Bullock is trying to keep the seat in his party's column by associating himself with Schweitzer's legacy. He's in a tough race with former two-term GOP Rep. Rick Hill.

 New Hampshire: Former Democratic state Sen. Maggie Hassan has also promised a continuation of the policies of her predecessor, retiring Democratic Gov. John Lynch. Her opponent is lawyer Ovide Lamontagne, a Tea Party conservative who ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1996 and for the U.S. Senate in 2010. The national parties have invested in the campaigns, which have focused on fiscal and women's health care issues.

 Washington: The state's governorship has been in Democratic hands for 32 years, and former Rep. Jay Inslee is in a dead-heat battle to keep it that way. His opponent is the state's Republican Attorney General Rob McKenna. McKenna has a proven ability to win statewide, but working in Inslee's favor are Obama's poll numbers. The Real Clear Politics average shows Obama with an average 13.6 point lead over Romney; Inslee's leading McKenna by an average of 1 percentage point.

 Pretty Much Sure Things

 Republican governors Jack Dalrymple in North Dakota and Gary Herbert in Utah, and GOP Rep. Mike Pence in Indiana are expected to win. So are Democratic governors Peter Shumlin in Vermont and Jack Markell in Delaware.

 Democrats are also hoping to hold on to the governorship in Missouri, where Jay Nixon is running for a second term against Republican Dave Spence; and in West Virginia, where Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin, former state senate president, is running for his first full term after willing a special election in 2011. GOP businessman Bill Maloney is his opponent, as he was last year.

 Nixon has been consistently out-polling Spence by an average of about 7 points in Missouri. Tomblin is seen as likely to retain his seat, even in a state where Romney is leading Obama by double digits. |||||
What is a one-paragraph summary of the above article?

– It's a race for the governor's mansion in 11 states today, and the GOP could end the night at the helm of more than two-thirds of the 50 states. The GOP currently controls 29 of the country's top state offices; it's expected to keep the three Republican ones that are up for grabs (Utah, North Dakota, and Indiana), and wrest North Carolina from the Dems. That brings its toll to 30, with the potential to take three more, reports NPR. Races in Montana, New Hampshire, and Washington are still too close to call, and in all three, Democrat incumbents aren't seeking reelection. The results could have a big impact on health care, since a Supreme Court ruling grants states the ability to opt out of ObamaCare's Medicaid expansion. "A Romney victory would dramatically empower Republican governors," said one analyst. Click for NPR's state-by-state breakdown of what could happen.


News article:

Investigators found another body today buried at the South Carolina property where a woman was found chained in a metal container, Spartanburg officials said tonight.

 Spartanburg County Sheriff Chuck Wright said human remains were uncovered in one of the two places that Todd Kohlhepp pointed out as gravesites. He said they have not yet identified the remains or cause of death, and the search for more remains will continue Monday.

 The investigation is expanding to other properties Kohlhepp currently owns or used to own, and those properties are not limited to South Carolina, the sheriff said. He added that the FBI and Department of Homeland Security are also involved in the investigation.

 Richard Shiro/AP Photo

 Kohlhepp, who allegedly confessed to killing four people 13 years ago in a South Carolina town, after being charged with the kidnapping of the woman who was found chained at the neck in a storage container, was denied bond today in a South Carolina court.

 Officials said Saturday that Kohlhepp claimed responsibility for the murders at a motorcycle shop in 2003. He appeared before a magistrate judge in Spartanburg wearing an orange jumpsuit, and declined to speak when the judge offered him the chance to make a statement. He doesn't have an attorney.

 After Kohlhepp was denied bond, Magistrate Judge Jimmy Henson said a circuit court could revisit the issue of bond later.

 Kohlhepp was charged with four counts of murder in the 2003 killings, after being charged with the kidnapping of a woman who was held captive on his property. It's possible that the number of charges against Kohlhepp will increase as police investigate his other alleged confessions, prosecutors said.

 A Spartanburg County Sheriff's investigative report says Kohlhepp "confessed to investigators that he shot and killed" the owner, service manager, mechanic and bookkeeper of Superbike Motorsports, a high-performance motorcycle shop in Chesnee, South Carolina. "Kohlhepp gave details ... that only the killer would know," the report says.

 Earlier this morning, two relatives of victims from the 2003 murders at spoke to the media, expressing a range of emotions, including relief that a suspect had finally been detained.

 Terry Guy, who spoke outside of the Spartanburg County jail on his way to the hearing, said he suffered depression in the wake of losing a loved one at the time the crimes took place.

 "I lost 70 pounds," he said.

 Regarding his feelings after learning the identity of the killer, Guy said that he was relieved, but also sympathetic for Kohlhepp's family.

 "My emotions are running from joy to crying, even feeling sorry for the family [of killer] I feel for them," he said.

 He also said that he would like "to pray" with Kohlhepp, but added that he expected justice to be served in the case.

 "The gentleman has to pay for what he did," he said.

 Tom and Lorraine Lucas, who lost their son, Brian, in the quadruple murder, also spoke to the press outside of the courthouse.

 "We want to see the face. I want to look at him, and I want to try to use that in healing," Tom Lucas said, regarding Kohlhepp.

 Kohlhepp had a criminal record that preceded his arrest on Saturday.

 According to South Carolina's sex offender registry, he was required to register as a sex offender in the state after he was convicted of a kidnapping in Arizona in 1987.

 According to court documents obtained by ABC News, Kohlhepp was arrested when he was 15 years old for allegedly kidnapping and sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl when he was living with his father in Arizona in 1987. Kohlhepp allegedly went to the girl's house, threatened her with a blue steel revolver and forced her to come to his home where he tied her up and taped her mouth shut before raping her. He then walked her back to her house and threatened to kill her family if she told anyone.

 The girl called police to report the incident with Kohlhepp, whom she said she knew as "Todd Sampsell," using his father's last name, according to court documents.

 Kohlhepp admitted his guilt to police and told authorities he did it because he was enraged at his father, who divorced from his mother when he was about a year old, according to the documents. Kohlhepp told police he was born in Florida, raised in Georgia and moved around a lot. He eventually became a resident in South Carolina where his mother -- identified in court documents as Regina Kohlhepp -- lived.

 Kohlhepp's case was moved from juvenile to adult court. The judge who moved his case described Kohlhepp as "very bright and should be advanced academically," but said he is "behaviorally and emotionally dangerous."

 "At less than the age of 9, this juvenile was impulsive, explosive, and preoccupied with sexual content. He has not changed. He has been unabatedly aggressive to others and destructive of property since nursery school. He destroys his own clothing, personal possessions and pets apparently on whim and caprice," the judge wrote.

 Kohlhepp pleaded guilty, providing that the sexual assault charge be dismissed. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison, and was required to register as a sex offender.

 The Associated Press contributed to this story. ||||| WOODRUFF, S.C. (AP) — Investigators will continue Monday combing for human remains and other clues on the South Carolina property of a man accused of a grisly crime spree stretching more than a decade.

 Todd Kohlhepp became a suspect in at least seven deaths after a woman was found Thursday chained by her neck and ankle in a metal storage container on his 95-acre property near rural Woodruff.

 His arrest in that case led to his confession in a notorious quadruple slaying at a motorcycle shop from 2003 in the small town of Chesnee, investigators said. He was denied bond Sunday during a brief court appearance on four murder charges for those slayings.

 He's also charged with kidnapping the woman, and more criminal counts are expected. Authorities suspect he killed at least three people other than the motorcycle shop victims.

 A Spartanburg County Sheriff's investigative report says Kohlhepp "confessed to investigators that he shot and killed" the motorcycle shop's owner, service manager, mechanic and bookkeeper, giving details only the killer would know.

 Now, Sheriff Chuck Wright, who was first elected about a year after the Superbike Motorsports killings, has a wide-ranging investigation of a crime spree over more than a decade.

 The investigation has expanded to other properties Kohlhepp, a real estate agent, either currently or used to own. Those properties are not limited to South Carolina, Wright said Sunday, declining to be more specific.

 Both the FBI and Homeland Security are involved, he said.

 Kohlhepp showed investigators Saturday where he says he buried two other victims on the property he bought two years ago. Human remains were uncovered Sunday at one of those sites, Wright said.

 "We're not even close" on identifying the remains or cause of death, he said. "We can't tell anything."

 Kohlhepp did not tell investigators who was buried there. Removing the remains to "preserve every bit of evidence" is a meticulous, time-consuming process, said Coroner Rusty Clevenger.

 The gravesites Kohlhepp pointed to are in addition to the body found Friday in a shallow grave at the site. Authorities identified that victim as the boyfriend of the woman found Thursday. Clevenger said he died of multiple gunshot wounds.

 The Associated Press is not naming the woman because the suspect is a sex offender, though authorities have not said whether she was sexually assaulted.

 On Sunday, Kohlhepp appeared in an orange jumpsuit for the brief bond hearing and declined to make a statement. He didn't have an attorney.

 After Kohlhepp left the courtroom, Magistrate Judge Jimmy Henson told the family members they would have a chance later to address Kohlhepp in court.

 "You have something to say. You've been waiting 13 years to say it," he said.

 The father of Brian Lucas, the 29-year-old slain service manager, thanked the judge.

 "Your honor, I appreciate your words to us and your counsel," Tom Lucas said as two others put their hands on his shoulders. "We thank you."

 Before the hearing, Lucas said he wanted to be in court to look Kohlhepp in the eye.

 "I want to look at him, and I want to try to use that in healing," he said.

 Before Kohlhepp emerged as a suspect, investigators had said all four victims were killed with the same pistol. They have theorized that the killer came in the back and killed mechanic Chris Sherbert, 26, as he worked. Bookkeeper Beverly Guy, 52, was found just outside the bathroom in the middle of the showroom.

 Thirty-year-old shop owner Scott Ponder was found just outside the door in the parking lot. He was Guy's son. Brian Lucas was in the doorway of the shop.

 Melissa Ponder, who was married to Scott Ponder, said detectives told her Kohlhepp was an angry customer who had been in the motorcycle shop several times.

 "It isn't closure, but it is an answer," Ponder said by phone. "And I am thankful for that."

 Kohlhepp was released from prison in Arizona in 2001. As a teenager, he was convicted of raping a 14-year-old neighbor at gunpoint and threatening to kill her siblings if she called police.

 Kohlhepp had to register as a sex offender. But that didn't stop him from getting a South Carolina real estate license in 2006, building a firm and maintaining the appearance of normalcy.

 In Woodruff on Sunday, scores of people congregated outside the chain link fence that surrounds the wooded property.

 "Things like this don't happen at home," said Tina Gowan, who lives in Pauline but grew up in Moore, where Kohlhepp lived. "He looked like your everyday Joe."

 She was among those who prayed at the fence.

 Frances Bradley, who lives near the 95-acre site, said God answered prayers in solving the 2003 cold case.

 "I was so awe-struck by the revelation," she said, she felt a need to pray at the fence before going to church. "I thanked God for giving us good out of this."

 ___

 Kinnard reported from Spartanburg, South Carolina.

 ___

 Associated Press writers Jonathan Drew in Raleigh, North Carolina, and Jeffrey Collins in Columbia, South Carolina, contributed to this report. |||||
What is a shorter version of the above article?

– Another body was found Sunday on the property of South Carolina kidnap and murder suspect Todd Kohlhepp—and investigators still have plenty of digging to do. The unidentified body was found in one of two locations on the 95-acre property that Kohlhepp, who bought the land two years ago, had identified as graves, ABC reports. The body of a man identified as Charlie Carver—whose girlfriend was found chained up in a storage container on the property—was earlier found in a shallow grave. Police say the 45-year-old Kohlhepp has confessed to killing at least seven people over the last 10 years, including four people who were massacred at a South Carolina motorcycle shop 13 years ago. Spartanburg County Sheriff Chuck Wright says the FBI and Homeland Security are now involved in the investigation, which will be looking at other sites Kohlhepp, a realtor, owns or used to own, the AP reports. Kohlhepp declined to make a statement at a brief court hearing on Sunday, where he was denied bond. The Greenville News reports that chilling Amazon.com product reviews from a user believed to be Kohlhepp have surfaced. He reviewed items like knives, padlocks and tactical gear. For a shovel with a folding handle, he wrote: "Keep in car for when you have to hide the bodies and you left the full size shovel at home." (Disturbing details have emerged about Kohlhepp's teenage years.)