{"question": "On an average daily basis, the gross energy intake of a healthy woman is 9279 kJ, the energy content of her faeces and urine are 647 kJ and 318 kJ, respectively. Her average daily digestible energy intake and metabolisable energy intake would be, respectively,:\n", "options": ["647 kJ and 318 kJ", "9279-318 kJ and 9279-647 kJ", "9279+318 kJ and 9279+647 kJ", "9279-647 kJ and 9279-(647+318) kJ"], "answer": "D"}
{"question": "Was T.R. Malthus correct in concluding that population growth will outstrip food production growth?\n", "options": ["No, technological and institutional innovations have permitted food supplies to more than keep pace with population growth.", "Yes, it is only because of widespread famines that population has not overwhelmed food supplies altogether.", "No, but it is only because of the introduction of genetically modified food that supplies have kept pace with population growth.", "No, but supplies are not likely to keep pace with population growth over the next 10 years."], "answer": "A"}
{"question": "Colonic microbiome:\n", "options": ["Is present in babies in utero", "Is a cause of eosinopjhilic oesophagitis", "Is easily changed by probiotic supplementation", "May be changed with consumption of oligo-saccharides"], "answer": "D"}
{"question": "What is the typical body composition of a normal weight young adult man?\n", "options": ["Fat = 17%, Fat Free Mass=83%, Intracellular Fluid= 40%, Extracellular Fluid= 20%", "Fat = 83%, Fat Free Mass=40%, Intracellular Fluid= 17%, Extracellular Fluid= 20%", "Fat = 20%, Fat Free Mass=17%, Intracellular Fluid= 40%, Extracellular Fluid= 83%", "Fat = 40%, Fat Free Mass=20%, Intracellular Fluid= 17%, Extracellular Fluid= 83%"], "answer": "A"}
{"question": "Infants and children with a suspected food allergy e.g. cow's milk allergy/intolerance could display the following symptoms and signs:\n", "options": ["severe atopic dermatitis", "enterocolitis", "diarrhoea", "all of the above"], "answer": "D"}
{"question": "Which of the following statements about human amino acid requirements in human nutrition is correct?\n", "options": ["The amino acid requirements determined for adults is assumed to be the requirement pattern for all ages.", "The amino acid requirements determined for adults is assumed to be the requirements for maintenance for all ages.", "The amino acid pattern of breast milk is assumed to be the requirement pattern for all children.", "The amino acid pattern of human tissue protein is assumed to be the requirement patterns for infants and young children."], "answer": "B"}
{"question": "Nutrients may pose health risks:\n", "options": ["When intakes exceed established ULs (Upper Levels)", "At any level greater than a recommended dietary intake", "Only when intakes are less than those required for nutritional benefits", "Under no known conditions of usual intake"], "answer": "A"}
{"question": "Alcohol is a major risk factor for cancer development. Which alcohol metabolite plays a prominent role in cancer development?\n", "options": ["fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE)", "acetate", "acetaldehyde", "alcohol"], "answer": "C"}
{"question": "Which of the following methods is recommended to screen for malnutrition on admission to hospital?\n", "options": ["A 7-day food diary", "The MUST tool", "Serum albumin concentration", "Demi-span"], "answer": "B"}
{"question": "It has been observed that a reduction in family size and improved sanitary condition have led to an increase in allergic conditions. The 'hygiene hypothesis' suggests that\n", "options": ["The frequent use of antiseptic swipes will reduce allergies", "Living on a working farm will help reducing the development of atopic diseases", "Particular care must be taken during breast feeding in high risk infants", "Living on a working farm will increase the development of atopic diseases"], "answer": "B"}
{"question": "Which of the following contributes to vitamin B12 deficiency in older adults?\n", "options": ["Reduced secretion of intrinsic factor", "Atrophic gastritis", "Helicobacter pylori infection", "All of the above"], "answer": "D"}
{"question": "In which form is selenium found in the 25 human selenoproteins?\n", "options": ["Selenophosphate", "Selenocysteine", "Selenohistidine", "Selenate"], "answer": "B"}
{"question": "Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding fatty acid \u00df-oxidation?\n", "options": ["The major site of fatty acid \u00df-oxidation is the peroxisomes, the mitochondria also contain enzymes for this pathway", "Within the liver peroxisomes serve to oxidise very long chain fatty acids to medium chain products", "The rate of b-oxidation is regulated by the availability of fatty acids and the rate of utilisation of b-oxidation products", "Peroxisomes are the site for the degradation of xenobiotics and eicosanoids"], "answer": "A"}
{"question": "Doses of substances used in animal toxicity studies are usually many times greater than those experienced by people because:\n", "options": ["Animals are generally much less sensitive than people", "Such tests can detect only very large risks because of the fact that only small numbers of animals can be used", "It is difficult in such studies to determine whether the observed toxic effects were caused by the substance", "It is the only way to ensure results are applicable to people"], "answer": "B"}
{"question": "Which of the following is the yield of ATP from complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?\n", "options": ["10", "25", "30", "32"], "answer": "D"}