Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6

SMAD family member 6, also known as SMAD6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "SMAD6" gene.
SMAD6 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene "mothers against decapentaplegic". It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGFβ family members SMAD6 is involved in cell signalling. It acts as a regulator of TGFβ family (such as bone morphogenetic proteins) activity by competing with SMAD4 and preventing the transcription of SMAD4's gene products. There are two known isoforms of this protein.
Nomenclature.
The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) and the "C. elegans" protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two. During "Drosophila" research, it was found that a mutation in the gene "MAD" in the mother repressed the gene "decapentaplegic" in the embryo. The phrase "Mothers against" was added as a humorous take-off on organizations opposing various issues e.g., Mothers Against Drunk Driving, or MADD; and based on a tradition of such unusual naming within the gene research community.
Disease associations.
Heterozygous, damaging mutations in SMAD6 are the most frequent genetic cause of non-syndromic craniosynostosis identified to date.
Interactions.
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 has been shown to interact with: