Furazolidone

Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibacterial agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). It is marketed by Roberts Laboratories under the brand name Furoxone and by GlaxoSmithKline as Dependal-M.
Medical uses.
Furazolidone has been used in human and veterinary medicine. It has a broad spectrum of activity being active against
Use in humans.
In humans it has been used to treat diarrhoea and enteritis caused by bacteria or protozoan infections, including traveler's diarrhoea, cholera and bacteremic salmonellosis.
Use in treating "Helicobacter pylori" infections has also been proposed.
Furazolidone has also been used for giardiasis (due to "Giardia lamblia"), amoebiasis and shigellosis also though it is not a first line treatment.
Use in animals.
As a veterinary medicine, furazolidone has been used with some success to treat salmonids for "Myxobolus cerebralis" infections.
It has also been used in aquaculture.
Since furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibiotic, its use in food animals is currently prohibited by the FDA under the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, 1994.
Furazolidone is no longer available in the US.
Use in laboratory.
It is used to differentiate micrococci and staphylococci.
Mechanism of action.
It is believed to work by crosslinking of DNA.
Side effects.
Though an effective antibiotic when all others fail, against extremely drug resistant infections, it has many side effects. including inhibition of monoamine oxidase, and as with other nitrofurans generally, minimum inhibitory concentrations also produce systemic toxicity: tremors, convulsions, peripheral neuritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, depression of spermatogenesis. Nitrofurans are recognized by FDA as mutagens/carcinogens, and can no longer be used since 1991.