Maruoka Domain

 was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was based at Maruoka Castle in eastern Echizen Province in what is now the Maruoka neighbourhood of modern-day Sakai, Fukui. It was ruled during its history by the Honda clan, and subsequently by the Arima clan.
History.
In the Sengoku period, the area around Maruoka was controlled by Shibata Katsutoyo, the adopted son of Shibata Katsuie, one of Oda Nobunaga's leading generals. After Shibata Katsutoyo died of illness during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, the area was given to the Aoyama clan. However, the Aoyama sided with the Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari during the Battle of Sekigahara and were thus dispossessed by the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ieyasu awarded Echizen Province to his son, Yūki Hideyasu, who in turn created a 26,000 "koku" subsidiary holding centered at Maruoka for his retainer, Imamura Moritsugu. In 1612, due to an "O-Ie Sōdō" within Fukui Domain, the Tokugawa shogunate raised Maruoka to 40,000 "koku" and reassigned it to Honda Narishige, the son of Honda Shigetsugu, one of Ieyasu's leading generals. This marked the start of Maruoka Domain. Due to Honda Narishige's efforts at the Siege of Osaka in 1624, its "kokudaka" was raised to 46,300 "koku" and he was made completely independent of Fukui Domain. His son and grandson completed Maruoka Castle and the surrounding "jōkamachi". However, his great-grandson, Honda Shigemasu was an alcoholic and incompetent, and was dispossessed by the shōgunate in 1695.
The Honda were replaced by Arima Kiyosumi, a descendant of the "Kirishitan" "daimyō" Arima Harunobu, who was transferred from Itoigawa Domain. HIs son, Arima Kazunori managed to get the clan's status changed from that of "tozama daimyō" to "fudai daimyō" in 1711. The 5th Arima "daimyō", Arima Shigezumi served as a "wakadoshiyori" and the 8th (and final) Arima "daimyō", Arima Michizumi rose to the post of "rōjū". The Arima clan continued to rule Maruoka until the abolition of the han system in July 1871. 
Holdings at the end of the Edo period.
Like most domains in the han system, Maruoka consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned "kokudaka", based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields, 
List of "daimyō".
Arima Kiyosumi.
 was an Edo period "daimyō". He was the eldest son of Arima Yasuzumi, the 2nd "daimyō" of Nobeoka Domain. His wife was a daughter of Okabe Yukitaka of Kishiwada Domain. In 1679, on the retirement of his father, he became "daimyō" of Nobeoka. In 1690, his domain suffered from a large-scale peasant uprising which he had difficulty in suppressing, and in 1692 he was demoted to Itoigawa Domain in Echigo Province, which had an equal "kokudaka" of 50,000 "koku" but was not classed as a “castle-holding” domain. In 1695 he was transferred to Maruoka, again with the same 50,000 "kokudaka", which restored his status as castellan. He died in 1702.
Arima Kazunori.
 was the 2nd "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was born in Maruoka Castle as the eldest son of Arima Kiyosumi and became "daimyō" in 1703 on the death of his father. His childhood name was Daikichi (大吉), and his name as "daimyō" was initially Arima Masazumi (真純), which he later changed to Sumihisa (純寿) and then to Hisazumi (寿純). He only took the name of Kazunori after this retirement. His courtesy title was "Saemon-no-suke", and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the adopted daughter of Akimoto Takatomo of Kawagoe Domain. In 1711, he managed to change the status of the Arima clan from that of "tozama" to "fudai daimyō". However, during his tenure the domain suffered greatly from crop failures in 1706, 1721and 1723, which led to a large-scale peasant's revolt in 1724. His efforts to reform the domain's finances through issue of silver certificates and increasing loans had only mixed results. In 1733, he retired in favour of his son. He died in 1757. 
Arima Takazumi.
 was the 3rd "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was born in Maruoka Castle as the eldest son of Arima Kazunori and became "daimyō" in 1733 on the retirement of his father. His courtesy title was "Hyūga-no-kami", and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the adopted daughter of Inaba Masatomo of Yodo Domain. He continued his father's economic recovery policies, which were greatly assisted by the opening of a copper mine in his domain in 1735. He died a few months before his father at Maruoka Castle.
Arima Masazumi.
 was the 4th "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was born at the clan's Edo residence as the eighth son of Arima Takazumi, and was made heir as all of his elder brothers had been born to concubines. He became "daimyō" in 1757 on the death of his father. His courtesy title was "Saemon-no-suke", and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the granddaughter of Matsudara Sadasato of Imabari Domain. He attempted to implement land reforms in his domain, but died in 1772 at the age of 26.
Arima Shigezumi.
 was the 5th "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was eldest son of Arima Masazumi, and became "daimyō" in 1772 on the death of his father. His courtesy title was "Saemon-no-suke", and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the daughter of Inaba Masahiro of Yodo Domain. He was received in formal audience by Shōgun Tokugawa Ieharu in 1782. In 1778, he domain suffered from a widespread peasant's revolt, to which he responded by implementing land reform and tax reform measures begun by his father. In 1791 he was appointed a "sōshaban" and 1810 he was appointed "jisha-bugyō". He rose to the post of "wakadoshiyori" in 1812. He established a han school within the domain in 1804. He resigned as "wakadoshiyori" in 1819, citing ill health, but continued as "daimyō" until 1830. he died in 1836.
Arima Norizumi.
 was the 6th "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was fourth son of Yanagihara Masaatsu of Takada Domain, and was adopted as heir to Arima Shigezumi in 1820 and was received in formal audience by Shogun Tokugawa Ienari the same year. He became "daimyō" in 1830 on the retirement of his stepfather. His courtesy title was "Saemon-no-suke", and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the fourth daughter of Arima Shigezumi. He died in 1837.
Arima Harusumi.
 was the 7th "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was a grandson of Arima Shigezumi, and was adopted as heir to Arima Norizumi in 1836, becoming "daimyō" a year later on Norizumi's death. He was received in formal audience by Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyoshi in 1841. His courtesy title was "Hyūga-no-kami", and his court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade. His wife was the daughter of Arima Norizumi. He was ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate to construct the Maruyama Domain Battery against possible incursions by foreign vessels in 1852. In died in 1855 at the age of 27.
Arima Michizumi.
 was the 8th (and final) "daimyō" of Maruoka Domain. He was the third son of Honda Tadachika of Yamasaki Domain. His grandfather, Honda Tadayoshi was the younger son of Arima Takazumi and had been adopted in the Honda clan. As Arima Harusumi only had daughters, he was adopted as heir and became "daimyō" in 1855. In 1862 he was appointed "jisha-bugyō" and became a "wakadoshiyori" in 1863 and rose to the office of "rōjū" the same year. In 1868, he pledged fealty to the new Meiji government and served as Imperial Governor of Maruyama until the abolition of the han system in 1871. He became a viscount ("shishaku") in the "kazoku" peerage system. He died in 1903 and his grave is at Yanaka Cemetery.