Bardiya District

Bardiya District (), one of the seventy-seven Districts of Nepal, is part of Lumbini Province of Nepal. The district, with Gulariya as its headquarters, covers an area of and according to the 2001 census the population was 382,649 in 2011 it has 426,576.
Geography and climate.
Bardiya lies in Lumbini Province in midwestern Nepal. It covers 2025 square kilometers and lies west of Banke District, south of Surkhet District of Karnali Province, east of Kailali District of Sudurpashchim province. To the south lies Uttar Pradesh, India.
Most of Bardiya is in the fertile "Terai" plains, covered with agricultural land and forest. The northernmost part of the district extends into the "Churiya" or "Siwalik Hills". Bardiya National Park covers occupies most of the northern half of the district. This park is the largest undisturbed wilderness in Nepal's Terai. It provides forest, grassland and riverine habitat for endangered mammal, bird and reptile species. More than 30 species of mammals and more than 250 of birds have been recorded.
Most people living in this district are farmers. The district headquarter Gulariya lies on the "Babai River". The "Karnali", one of Nepal's largest rivers, divided into multiple branches when it reaches the Terai. The westernmost branch forms the boundary between Bardiya and Kailali districts. An eastern branch is called the "Geruwa". The endangered Gangetic dolphin was often seen in its waters, but populations have been declining.
History.
Nepal lost it to the East India Company after Anglo-Nepalese war (1814–1816) between the then Kingdom of Nepal and East India Company followed by territorial concessions of Sugauli Treaty. Later during the administration of Jang Bahadur Rana, it was returned to Nepal along with Banke, Kailali and Kanchanpur. In the early twentieth century, Bardiya was still covered with forest and sparsely populated with indigenous tribal people called Tharu. Additional Tharus immigrated west from Dang and Deukhuri Valleys. Tharu from Dang and Deukhuri make up a majority of Bardiya's population. Other tribes called "Sonaha" live near the Karnali River and western periphery of Bardia National Park, who are historically engaged in extracting golden ores from sediments of river and fishing.
Demographics.
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Bardiya District had a population of 426,576. Of these, 52.0% spoke Tharu, 35.5% Nepali, 7.1% Awadhi, 2.3% Urdu and 0.7% Magar as their first language.
Administration.
The district consists of eight municipalities, out of which six are urban municipalities and two are rural municipalities. These are as follows:
Former village development committees.
Prior to the restructuring of the district, Bardiya District consisted of the following municipalities and Village development committees: