Sanai

Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (), more commonly known as Sanai, was a Persian poet from Ghazni who lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire at the time of its golden age, in medieval Khorasan, which is now located in Afghanistan. He was born in 1080 and died between 1131 and 1141.
Life.
Sanai was a Sunni Muslim. He was connected with the court of the Ghaznavid Bahram-shah who ruled 1117 – 1157.
Works.
He wrote an enormous quantity of mystical verse, of which "The Walled Garden of Truth" or "The Hadiqat al Haqiqa" (حدیقه الحقیقه و شریعه الطریقه) is his master work and the first Persian mystical epic of Sufism. Dedicated to Bahram Shah, the work expresses the poet's ideas on God, love, philosophy and reason.
For close to 900 years "The Walled Garden of Truth" has been consistently read as a classic and employed as a Sufi textbook. According to Major T. Stephenson: "Sanai’s fame has always rested on his "Hadiqa"; it is the best known and in the East by far the most esteemed of his works; it is in virtue of this work that he forms one of the great trio of Sufi teachers — Sanai, Attar, Jalaluddin Rumi." Sanai taught that lust, greed and emotional excitement stood between humankind and divine knowledge, which was the only true reality ("Haqq"). Love ("Ishq") and a social conscience are for him the foundation of religion; mankind is asleep, living in a desolate world. To Sanai common religion was only habit and ritual.
Sanai's poetry had a tremendous influence upon Persian literature. He is considered the first poet to use the "qasidah" (ode), "ghazal" (lyric), and the "masnavi" (rhymed couplet) to express the philosophical, mystical and ethical ideas of Sufism.
Influence and legacy.
Poetic influence.
Rumi acknowledged Sanai and Attar as his two great inspirations, saying, "Attar is the soul and Sanai its two eyes, I came after Sanai and Attar." "The Walled Garden of Truth" was also a model for Nizami's "Makhzan al-Asrar" (Treasury of Secrets).
Modern cultural references.
There is a reference to Hakim Sanai's poetry near the end of the 2017 film "The Shape of Water" by Guillermo del Toro. In the final scene of the movie, the narrator recites a few verses of poetry without specific attribution, although there is a reference in the film's credit sequence to "Adapted works by Hakim Sanai." Researching for the Library of Congress blog "From the Catbird Seat", Peter Armenti confirmed with the assistance of "Catbird" blog readers that the poem spoken at the end of "The Shape of Water" is del Toro's adaptation of Priya Hemenway's translation of an original poem by Hakim Sanai. Hemenway's translation appears in "The Book of Everything: Journey of the Heart’s Desire : Hakim Sanai’s Walled Garden of Truth" (2002).
Quotations.
"While mankind remains mere baggage in the world<br>
"It will be swept along, as in a boat, asleep.<br>
"What can they see in sleep?<br>
"What real merit or punishment can there be?"
"He who knows not his own soul, how shall he know the soul of another? and he who only knows hand and foot, how shall he know the Godhead? The prophets are unequal to understanding this matter; why dost thou foolishly claim to do so? When thou hast brought forward a demonstration of this subject, then thou wilt know the pure essence of the faith; otherwise what have faith and thou in common? thou hadst best be silent, and speak not folly. The learned talk nonsense all; for true religion is not woven about the feet of everyone."
His means for this awakening is surrender to God, his poetry has been called "the essential fragrance of the path of love". He hits out at human hypocrisy and folly;