Romanian Baccalaureate

The Bacalaureat (or "bac" for short) is an exam held in Romania and Moldova when one graduates high school ().
Romania.
History.
The Romanian Baccalaureate evolved over time.
Present.
Unlike the French Baccalaureate, the Romanian one has a single degree. The subjects (except subject A) depend on the profile studied (): mathematics and computer science (), philology (), natural sciences (), social sciences (), or various other vocational tracks (), and the candidate's choice.
The exam covers the whole high school curriculum and the marking scale is between 1 and 10. In order to pass, students must obtain at least 5.00 in every subject with a minimum of 6.00 overall.
Although a student obtained 5.00 every year in high school at a subject, they can obtain 1.00 as well as 10.00 at the National Baccalaureate Exam at that same subject. The grades obtained in high school do not affect or interact in any way with the grade written on the Romanian "Diploma de Bacalaureat".
In order to overcome a national problem of discrimination, the final grade written on the Romanian "Diploma de Bacalaureat" is equally obtained by every student, regardless of the difference of study intensity between schools and profiles. All the graduates in the country take the exam at the same time, having to solve the same subjects. The subjects vary from profile to profile.
For example, in high school, a computer-science student will obtain harder a high grade at Mathematics than a natural sciences student, as the difficulty varies. 
In addition to this, all the high schools are ranked by the Ministry of Education, so a low grade obtained in the top schools does not mean that one student is less qualified than another who obtained a higher grade in a lower ranked school.
Moldova.
Moldavian Bacalaureat consists of four exams. Pupils from schools with a language of instruction other than Romanian must take one supplementary exam in their native language and literature.
Exams usually take place in June. All of them are written and each is graded separately.
Students must also choose one more subject taught in school. The majority take Geography or Chemistry.
Subjects.
The baccalaureate has up to 5 modules, each one graded separately. Module E, the written examination, is the one considered for admission to higher education.
Competence exams.
A, B and D are marked with: Beginner, Average, Advanced and Experienced.
Written exams.
Each exam takes three hours.