Cobitis dalmatina

Cobitis dalmatina () is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family (Cobitidae). It is endemic to Croatia. This fish was long believed to be part of the widespread Spined Loach ("C. taenia").
Cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1, and mtDNA cytochrome "b") confirms that it is properly treated as full species. It belongs to a group including "C. bilineata", "C. narentana" and an undescribed species from the Bosnian-Croatian border region. The Adriatic endemics separated from the ancestors of "C. bilineata", today widespread immediately south of the Alps, around 6–5.5 million years ago. This was during the Messinian salinity crisis, when drainage basins throughout the Mediterranean region changed their course. "C. dalmatina" appears to be quite similar to "C. narentana" as regards the mitochondrial DNA sequence, but the nuclear DNA sequences differ far more. This typically occurs in cases of hybridization between distinct but related species. In the present case, "C. narentana" would have mated with "C. dalmatina" males, perhaps during some Pliocene glacial.
Its natural habitats is the Cetina River basin. It is threatened by habitat loss.