Rubus fruticosus

"Rubus fruticosus" L. is the ambiguous name of a European blackberry species in the genus "Rubus" in the rose family. The name has been interpreted in several ways:
As used by various authors.
Apart from the established meaning of "Rubus fruticosus" L. as "R. plicatus", the name "R. fruticosus" has been incorrectly applied to several species, including: