Erysimum nevadense

Erysimum nevadense is a perennial short-lived herb endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Spain, although there are some citations in the nearby Sierra de Gádor (Almería). This wallflower occurs between 1,700 and 2,700 m above sea level in subalpine scrublands and alpine meadows. It may be treated as a narrowly circumscribed single species, one of a group or complex of six separate species, or as a more broadly circumscribed species with six subspecies.
Description.
"Erysimum nevadense" sensu stricto (synonym "Erysimum nevadense" subsp. "nevadense") is a biennial or perennial plant, generally branched with multiple flowering stems, usually less than high. It is well supplied with hairs, most of which are boat-shaped (navicular), although some are three-rayed. Its leaves, which may appear greyish-green because of the hairs, are much narrower than long, usually long by wide. The flowering stems, excluding the raceme of flowers, are long. Individual flowers have yellow petals that are long and wide and a style long. The fruits are upright or drooping, usually less than long on pedicels up to long.
Taxonomy.
"Erysimum nevadense" was first described by Georges François Reuter in 1855. In 1979, Adolf Polatschek described a number of new species of "Erysimum". Six of these were considered to be closely related to "E. nevadense", and in 1990, Peter William Ball explained the decision made in "Flora Europaea" to reduce the six to subspecies of "E. nevadense". They were treated as separate species making up the "nevadense" group or complex in "Flora Iberica" in 1993. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 included four of the species, "E. gomez-campoi", "E. mediohispanicum", "E. nevadense" and "E. rondae". The study did not support the view that the four were closely related. In the combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis, "E. mediohispanicum" and "E. nevadense" fell into one clade, "E. rondae" into another, while "E. gomez-campoi" was sister to both clades. The authors concluded that the "E. nevadense" group did not have phylogenetic support.
Subspecies.
Plants of the World Online divides "Erysimum nevadense" into six subspecies, which "Flora Iberica" treats as separate species.
Pollination biology.
Flowers are visited by many species of insects belonging to the order Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Heteroptera. Most abundant flower visitors are "Proformica longiseta" (Formicidae), an ant species endemic to the Sierra Nevada and surrounding mountain ranges, "Dasytes subaeneus" (Melyridae), "Malachius laticollis" (Malachidae) and some species of beeflies belonging to the genus "Bombylius" and "Parageron" (Bombyliidae).