
William Morris Hunt

William Morris Hunt (March 31, 1824September 8, 1879) was an American painter.
Born into the political Hunt family of Vermont, he trained in Paris with the realist Jean-François Millet and studied under him at the Barbizon artists’ colony, before founding a similar group on his return to America. He became Boston's leading portrait and landscape painter, also working as a lithographer and sculptor. In 1871 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician. Many of his works were destroyed in the Great Boston Fire of 1872. Another disaster was the deterioration of the stone panels in the State Capitol at Albany, New York, on which a number of his murals had been painted. This is believed to have led to his depression and presumed suicide.
Life and career.
William Morris Hunt was born into prominence. The family of Hunt's father Jonathan Hunt, were among Vermont's founders and largest landowners; his mother's a family of wealth and prominence in Connecticut. Hunt attended Harvard College but withdrew in his junior year. Having been denied the opportunity to paint and draw by an overbearing father, Jane Leavitt Hunt resolved that her children would be given the chance to study the arts in the best academies—even if it meant moving to Europe to attend them.
[[File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|thumb|left|Portrait of William Morris Hunt by [[Emanuel Leutze]] (about 1845)]]
Following the death of his Congressman father from cholera in 1832 at the age of 44, Hunt's mother Jane took him and his brothers to Switzerland, the South of France and to Rome, where Hunt studied with [[Thomas Couture]] in Paris, coming under the influence of [[Jean-François Millet]] after being greatly inspired by Millet's The Sower at the 1851 Paris Salon. The Hunt family remained in Europe for a dozen years. During part of that time, William Morris Hunt and his brother [[Richard Morris Hunt]] shared an apartment at 1 rue Jacob, close by the [[École des Beaux-Arts]], where William studied painting under Couture. "From the training and inspiration each of the brothers was to experience in the next several years in France would come great strides for each in his work," writes historian [[David McCullough]]. "'Mr. William Hunt is our most promising artist here,' reported [[Thomas Gold Appleton|Thomas Appleton]] to his father." Hunt then spent the next two years under the tutelage of [[Jean-François Millet|Millet]] in Barbizon before his return to the states.
The companionship of Millet had a lasting influence on Hunt's character and style, and his work grew in strength, in beauty and in seriousness. He was among the biggest proponents of the [[Barbizon school]] in America, and he more than any other turned the rising generation of American painters towards Paris. About his influence, [[Samuel Greene Wheeler Benjamin|S.G.W. Benjamin]] wrote in a posthumous assessment of Hunt:
After leaving Paris, Hunt painted and used his family connections to establish art schools in [[Newport, Rhode Island]], Brattleboro, Vermont, the [[Faial Island]] in the [[Azores]], and finally in [[Boston]], where he became popular portrait painter.
Before his lauded return to America in 1855, Hunt was married in Paris to Louise Dumaresq Perkins, daughter of [[Thomas Handasyd Perkins]], Jr., a Boston merchant, philanthropist and patron of the arts. Hunt was married to Ms. Perkins again upon his return to Boston in 1855, perhaps for legal reasons. Hunt was married for the second time in the influential [[King's Chapel|King's Chapel in Boston]] by academic and clergyman [[Ephraim Peabody]], shortly before Peabody's death in 1856.
[[Image:Hunt Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|William Morris Hunt self-portrait, 1866]]
On his return, Hunt painted some of his most handsome canvases, all reminiscent of his life in France and of Millet's influence. Such works include "The Belated Kid", "Girl at the Fountain", "Hurdy-Gurdy Boy", and others – but the public called for portraits, and it became the fashion to sit for Hunt; among his best paintings of this genre are those of [[William M. Evarts]], [[Charles Francis Adams, Sr.|Mrs Charles Francis Adams]], the [[James Freeman Clarke|Rev. James Freeman Clarke]], [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[Charles Sumner]], William H. Gardner, [[Lemuel Shaw|Chief Justice Shaw]] and [[Horace Gray|Judge Horace Gray]].
Sadly, many of Hunt's paintings and sketches, together with five large Millets and other art treasures collected by him in Europe, were destroyed in the [[Great Boston Fire of 1872]]. Hunt owned many canvases by Millet, including Millet's "The Sower", for which Millet somewhat unwillingly accepted a payment of $60 from Hunt.
Among his later works, American landscapes predominated. In the summer of 1878, the year before his death, Hunt painted a series of sweeping views of Niagara Falls. His later works also include the "Bathers: Twice Painted" and "The Allegories" for the Assembly Chamber of the State Capitol at [[Albany, New York]], now lost due to disintegration of the stone panels on which they were painted (some scholars trace Hunt's deepening depression that led to his suicide to his despair over the loss of the Albany murals). His book, "Talks about Art" (London, 1878), was especially well received.
Nor did Hunt confine himself to oil painting. He was prolific, working as a lithographer and sculptor as well. From 1850 to 1877, the Vermont native was Boston's leading portrait and landscape painter; there was a backlog of [[Boston Brahmin|Brahmins]] clamoring to be painted by him. Hunt is widely credited for having influenced the styles of [[Winslow Homer]], [[Childe Hassam]] and [[John Joseph Enneking]]. Hunt's signature lively brushwork, partly derived from study of contemporary European painting, marked a new phase in 'oil sketching' that was carried on by Homer and others. Other friends and associates included artist [[Frank Hill Smith]].
"The greatest of Boston painters", writes art historian G. W. Sheldon in his "American Painters", "and one of the few really great American painters, Mr. William Morris Hunt, was born in Brattleboro, Vermont." While a friend and student of Millet, "Hunt is an entirely original artist, and every picture of his is a spontaneous and independent product." In a bit of art history revisionism, some scholars are now re-examining Hunt's powerful pull on other early New England artists, many better-known. Hunt was an important figure in New England arts and society. Besides collecting himself, Hunt encouraged other Boston collectors to buy works by European artists such as Millet, [[Claude Monet|Monet]] and others.
After one early exhibition of French artists at the [[Boston Athenaeum]], including works by Millet and Rousseau, for instance, an art professor at Harvard had written a condemnation in a Boston newspaper. Outraged, painter Hunt fired back a response in "The Boston Daily Advertiser". "It is not our fault we inherit ignorance in art," Hunt wrote, "but we are not obliged to advertise it."
In 1867, for instance, Hunt and his wife sailed to Paris to attend the opening of the [[Exposition Universelle (1867)|Exposition Universelle]]. In his lectures and art classes, Hunt attracted large numbers of students, many of them from prominent Brahmin families. The Boston philosopher and author [[William James]] studied with Hunt for a time, before turning away from painting to concentrate on his writing. In 1871 Hunt was elected into the [[National Academy of Design]] as an Associate Academician.
Certainly Hunt's career owed a debt to Boston's intellectual ferment. A luncheon at his club on February 27, 1870, for instance, found these members of Hunt's circle dining together: [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]]; [[James Russell Lowell]]; [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]; [[Edward Clarke Cabot]]; [[Martin Brimmer]]; [[Thomas Gold Appleton]]; [[William James]]; [[Francis Blackwell Forbes]]; and [[James T. Fields]]. Joining the group as guest was [[Erastus Brigham Bigelow]], a founder of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].
William Morris Hunt died at the [[Isles of Shoals]], [[New Hampshire]], in 1879, apparently a suicide. Hunt had gone to the New Hampshire shore to recover from a crippling depression. But he continued to work, executing his last sketch three days before his death. His body was discovered by his friend, New Hampshire poet [[Celia Thaxter]].
His brother [[Richard Morris Hunt]] was a celebrated architect. Another brother, [[Leavitt Hunt]], was a well-known photographer and attorney. A fourth brother, Jonathan, was a [[Paris]] physician who also committed suicide.
The William Morris Hunt Library of the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]] is named in honor of this painter. (Hunt was a founding member of the Museum of Fine Arts' museum school). Following Hunt's death, his Harvard classmates and other Bostonians contributed to a fund to purchase many of his paintings and donate them to the Museum of Fine Arts.
Aside from the Museum of Fine Arts, the [[Boston Athenaeum]] has a number of the artist's works in its collection, a gift of William Morris Hunt II. Also owning works by Hunt are New York City's [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], the [[Louvre]] Museum in Paris, the [[Musée d'Orsay]] in Paris, the [[Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco]], the [[National Gallery of Art]] in Washington, D.C., the [[Addison Gallery of American Art]] at Hunt's alma mater [[Phillips Academy]] in Andover, Mass., the [[Bennington Museum]], Vermont, the [[Bowdoin College]] Museum of Art, the [[Brooklyn Museum of Art]], the [[Carnegie Museum of Art]] in Pittsburgh, the [[Currier Museum of Art]] in New Hampshire, the [[Harvard University Art Museums]], Salem's [[Peabody Essex Museum]], the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] and many others.
In accordance with a long expressed desire, William Morris Hunt was buried at [[Prospect Hill Cemetery (Brattleboro, Vermont)|Prospect Hill cemetery in Brattleboro, Vermont]], beside other family members. Two decades after Hunt's death, his former pupil [[Helen M. Knowlton|Helen Mary Knowlton]] published her biography of the Boston painter entitled "The Art-Life of William Morris Hunt".
William Morris Hunt and his wife, the former Louisa Dumaresq Perkins, had five children. Morris sat for a full-length portrait by the artist [[Emanuel Leutze]] in [[Düsseldorf]] in 1864. Formerly part of the collection of Col. Leavitt Hunt at "Elmshome" in Vermont, the location of that portrait is now unknown.
See also.
[[File:The Horses of Anahita William Morris Hunt.jpg|thumb|right|225px|"The Horses of Anahita", [[bas relief]] sculpture prefiguring Hunt's murals for the [[New York State Capitol]], c. 1848, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]]
External links.
[[Category:1824 births]]
[[Category:1879 deaths]]
[[Category:Hunt family of Vermont]]
[[Category:American expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning in the United States]]
[[Category:Artists who committed suicide]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:Phillips Academy alumni]]
[[Category:People from Brattleboro, Vermont]]
[[Category:Artists from Boston]]
[[Category:19th century in Boston]]
[[Category:19th-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:American male sculptors]]
[[Category:American romantic painters]]
[[Category:American realist painters]]
[[Category:Landscape artists]]
[[Category:Suicides in New Hampshire]]
[[Category:19th-century American painters]]
[[Category:Sculptors from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1870s suicides]]