Phytophthora cambivora

Phytophthora cambivora is a plant pathogen that causes ink disease in European chestnut trees ("Castanea sativa"). Ink disease, also caused by "Phytophthora cinnamomi", is thought to have been present in Europe since the 18th century, and causes chestnut trees to wilt and die; major epidemics occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries. "P. cinnamomi" and "P. cambivora" are now present throughout Europe since the 1990s. Ink disease has resurged, often causing high mortality of trees, particularly in Portugal, Italy, and France. It has also been isolated from a number of different species since the 1990s, including:
Some species of mycorrhiza (including "Amanita muscaria", "Suillellus luridus", and "Hebeloma radicosum") may provide protection from "P. cambivora" in European chestnuts.