Medgidia

Medgidia ( ; historical Turkish names: "Karasu" or "Carasu", "Mecidiye" or "Megidie") is a city in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, south-eastern Romania.
History.
Archaeological findings show that Dobruja was inhabited since the Neolithic period. Starting with 46 BC the region was administered by the Roman Empire. A castrum was built in the Carasu Valley, becoming the cradle of the settlement.
In 1417, the Turks invaded Dobruja. From the 15th century onwards, the region started to be colonized with a Muslim population. The settlement named "Karasu" (Turkish for "Black Water") was mentioned on the map of Iehuda ben Zara in 1497, in the notes of Paolo Giorgio (1590) and Evliya Çelebi (1653).
Modern Medgidia was built by the Ottoman administration on the place of the old Karasu beginning with 1856. It was built as a planned city to accommodate refugees from the Crimean War and to serve as an economic hub for the central zone of Dobruja. The town was named in honour of the sultan Abdülmecid I, the Ottoman sovereign of the period.
After the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Northern Dobruja became part of Romania. Medgidia was the last capital of Silistra Nouă County (1878–1879) before it was merged into Constanța County.
Geography.
Medgidia is located between the Danube and the Black Sea, 39 kilometres away from Constanța.
The general aspect of the relief is that of a low plateau with a limestone structure, covered with thick deposits of loess.
The natural resources in the area consist of limestone deposits and kaolin sand. The limestone structure of the earth permits a natural filtering of the groundwater.
Climate.
The climate is temperate-continental, with short and cold winters and very hot summers.
Local administration.
Medgidia became a municipality in 1994.
The town infrastructure is continuously developing and offers the inhabitants 4 high schools, 8 primary schools, 12 nurseries, 4 cultural centers with a hall for cultural activities, 2 show and cinema halls, 3 clubs and 5 libraries, a 30,000-seat stadium, a sports hall and a swimming pool. Medgidia also houses a 500-bed hospital.
The following villages are administered by the municipality:
Politics.
The current mayor of Medgidia is Valentin Vrabie (PNL).
The Medgidia Municipal Council, elected in the 2008 local government elections, is made up of 19 councilors, with the following party composition:
Economy.
The economic landscape spotlights the existence of a town fully involved in its progress. Out of 1,200 registered enterprises, only 30 are state-owned and 15 are joint ventures.
Beside the agricultural activities (milk-processing, milling, bakery and wine growing), the main industry deals in cement and building materials, agricultural machinery and forging equipment, wood processing and furniture factories.
Medgidia lies in the center of an agricultural area of several tens of millions hectares, with a fertile soil and provided with irrigation systems.
The area offers:
The Medgidia clinker storage facility was completed in 2009 and is the world's largest dome-type cement clinker storage facility.
Transport.
The town is a road and rail node and an inland port to the Danube-Black Sea Canal. The Danube-Black Sea Canal crosses the town for about 6 km of its length.
The canal has a capacity of 11.2 million tons/year and can admit ships of . Provided with road and rail links, the harbor offers storage facilities and cranes able to lift up to 16-ton weights. Beside a SNCFR marshaling yard, along the Canal there is a Free Trade Area in course of being finalized.
A planned highway from Bucharest to Constanţa, partially financed by the EU, will bypass the town, allowing the development of associated services (hotels, petrol stations and a parking yard for trucks) in the area.
Also, the Medgidia railway station links trains to a few, but very important towns and cities, including Constanţa (35 km), Tulcea (144 km), and București Nord (199 km).
Landmarks.
The Art Museum "Lucian Grigorescu".
It was opened in 1964 with exhibitions of Romanian contemporary painting, sculpture, and graphics, signed Lucian Grigorescu, Marius Bunescu, Ion Jalea and others. The permanent exhibition takes in classic and modern artworks but also works of contemporary art classics: Lucian Grigorescu, Nicolae Tonitza, Francisc Șirato, Ștefan Dumitrescu, Iosif Iser. The museum also displays a collection of ceramic artworks.
In 1991 the museum was named after Lucian Grigorescu, a town native, who was deemed as the most Latin among the Romanian painters. 
The city honors the painter every year on 1 February, the anniversary of his birthday.
Because of low income due to few visitors and high maintenance costs in 2009 the museum was closed.
The "Abdul Mejid" Mosque.
Built in 1860 by the Ottoman Government, the mosque is an historic and architectural monument. It was named after the sultan Abdul Mejid – who reigned between 1839 and 1861.
The mosque is served by an imam and a muezzin. The building respects the traditional form of the Muslim cultural placements, decorated in the interior with oriental ornaments and inscriptions in Arabic.
The "Saints Peter and Paul" Orthodox church.
The church was built in a Roman-Greek style and it was raised with the contribution of the local Christians on the ruins of a Roman castrum.
The Serbian Heroes' Monument.
In 1926, Medgidia commemorated the heroism of the First Serbian Division, which fought in Dobruja during World War I as a part of the bloody Romanian theatre, by inaugurating a monument in the group's honor. The completed memorial, featuring an iconic white marble pyramid, was the setting of a ceremony held with the participation of both Romanian and Yugoslavian officials. Wreaths were laid at the base of the monument by members of the Serbian and Romanian royal families.
The Medgidia Festival.
The festival has been celebrated each year since 1999, at the end of October, and is attended by thousands of locals.
International relations.
Twin towns — Sister cities.
Medgidia is twinned with: