
Robert Mackenzie Beverley

Robert Mackenzie Beverley (1798-1868) was an author, magistrate, and controversialist. He was born in the town of Beverley in Yorkshire, attended Richmond School, and matriculated at Trinity College, University of Cambridge in 1816. He received the degree of LL.B. in 1821, after which he lived at Beverley, in due course becoming a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant.
Career.
Beverley was born into a Quaker family, but in 1836-1837 in the Beaconite Controversy he was one of the figures who followed Isaac Crewdson in resigning from the Society of Friends. He was among a number who then joined the Plymouth Brethren. As the Quakers did not practise baptism, he was baptised by the Brethren at Oxford in October 1838, Henry Bellenden Bulteel performing the service.
Beverley wrote books, satires and poems mainly on religious themes, but including some on politics, both ecclesiastical and temporal, and with at least one foray into biology in which he attacked the then still new Darwinian theory. He also wrote some epic poetry that achieved no lasting acclaim. He is mentioned in some other writings of the day, largely in response to his attacks, for example in the "Anacalypsis" by Godfrey Higgins.
In 1833 he published "A letter to H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester", the chancellor of Cambridge at the time, on what he saw as the then corrupt state of the University. Much of its content was immoderate to a degree that provoked retaliation and disapproval, including a rebuff from The Times.
Beverley wrote on a range of other subjects, which often were of a controversial nature. He died at Scarborough on 3 November 1868.
Evolution.
Beverly was a staunch opponent of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. In 1867, he authored "The Darwinian Theory of the Transmutation of Species". The book contains criticism of natural selection:
It is to be observed that the two grand principles of the theory are avowedly metaphors. Natural Selection is a metaphorical expression, and the Struggle for Existence is used in ‘a large and metaphorical sense.’ These are the two pillars of the whole theory ; Natural Selection and the Struggle for Existence represent and express everything that Mr Darwin has to urge ; take them away and nothing remains, and yet they are both metaphors. If these terms are metaphors, they are not realities, but verbal pictures or shadows, and are, therefore, vicious terms in a scientific disquisition. Neither are they only now and then, and by way of illustration, introduced, though even that would scarcely be admissible in handling the great revelation of the existence and origin of beings; but they occur in almost every page [in "On the Origin of Species"], to the exclusion of other terms — so that from first to last we are led by a metaphor at every step, as the poor belated traveller is sometimes led by Will-o’-the-wisp into the fatal morass.