Song cycles (Killmayer)

Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich Hölderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter Härtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His "Hölderlin-Lieder", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded.
Overview.
Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of "Hölderlin-Lieder" based on poems by Friedrich Hölderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter Härtling (1993).
Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orléans, Mal Mariée and Clément Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico García Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by Stéphane Mallarmé and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard Mörike. His song cycles, as his other works, were published by Schott.
The following table contains for every song cycle the title with translation, the year of composition, the text source and its language, voice type (soprano, coloratura soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone), and the number of movements.
Song cycles.
"Vier Canzonen nach Texten von Petrarca".
The cycle, composed in 1950, sets four poems by Petrarch for mixed choir "a cappella":
It was recorded in 2000 by chamber choir Josquin des Prèz under Uwe Witzel.
"Rêveries".
The cycle, composed in 1953, sets five old French poems for soprano, piano and percussion:
It was first performed on 30 July 1953 in Bayreuth by Liselotte Ebnet with the composer as the pianist and Hermann Gschwendtner.
"Romanzen".
The cycle, composed in 1954, sets five poems by Federico García Lorca, translated by Enrique Beck, for soprano, piano and percussion:
It was first performed on 25 April 1953 in Chicago by Leontyne Price.
"Blasons anatomiques du corps féminin".
The cycle, composed in 1968, sets six French poems for soprano and the Pierrot ensemble:
It was first performed on 6 July 1968 in Munich by Joan Carroll, with the composer as the pianist. It was recorded, with the Sappho-Lieder and the Mörike-Lieder, in 2012 on the occasion of the composer's 85th birthday by members of the Musikhochschule München.
"Drei Gesänge nach Hölderlin".
The cycle, composed in 1965, sets three poems by Hölderlin for baritone and piano:
It was first performed on 23 April 1968 at the Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste in Munich by Heinz Wilbrink and the composer.
"Hölderlin-Lieder".
A first cycle "", setting 19 poems from his late period, was composed between 1982 and 1985. A tenor voice is accompanied by piano or orchestra. The orchestral version was premiered in Munich on 3 February 1986 by Peter Schreier with the Bayerisches Staatsorchester, conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch. The piano version was first performed on 23 August 1989 as part of the festival Frankfurt Feste, by Christoph Prégardien and Siegfried Mauser.
A second cycle, setting 18 poems from his late period with the same scoring tenor voice was composed between 1982 and 1985. The orchestral version was premiered at the Salzburg Festival on 14 August 1987 by Peter Schreier and the ORF-Symphonieorchester, conducted by Lothar Zagrosek. The piano version was first performed, with the first cycle, on 23 August 1989 by Prégardien and Mauser. The singer recorded in 2010 four songs of the second cycle, together with songs by Robert Schumann and Gustav Mahler titled "Wanderer", in an arrangement for small ensemble by the composer. A reviewer notes that Killmayer "demonstrates a real affinity with the Romantic poet" and describes the arrangement as "highly attractive scores with their spare and finely wrought chamber accompaniments".
A third cycle, setting 7 poems from his late period for tenor and piano, was composed between 1983 and 1992. It was premiered in Vienna on 22 November 1991 Wien for "Wien Modern" by Prégardien and Mauser. It was recorded in 2017 by Markus Schäfer and Mauser, together with the two cycles after Trakl, in 2017, titled Sommersneige (Summer's End).
Prégardien and Mauser recorded all three cycles in 1992. A reviewer for Gramophone notes that Killmayer thought of the poet's last period as "possessed by a special 'understanding of reality'". He describes "moments of dissonance, and unusual textural dispositions", but generally focused "on simple chordal and melodic patterns, not to create an atmosphere of expressionistic anguish, but to suggest a calm, joyous acceptance of the inevitable".
"Neun Lieder nach Gedichten von Peter Härtling".
The cycle "" was composed in 1993, setting nine poems by the contemporary author Peter Härtling:
It was premiered at the Linden-Museum in Stuttgart on 27 November 1993 by Mitsuko Shirai and Hartmut Höll.
"Trakl-Lieder".
The cycle "" was composed in 1993, setting eight poems by Trakl:
It was premiered in the on 1 December 1998 by Christoph Prégardien and Siegfried Mauser. It was recorded in 2017 by Markus Schäfer and Mauser, together with the third cycle of "Hölderlin-Lieder" and the second cycle based on Trakl, in 2017, titled Sommersneige (Summer's End) after the fifth movement.
"Sappho-Lieder".
The cycle "", based on 15 poems by Sappho, was composed between 1993 and 2008:
The cycle was premiered in the Linden-Museum in Stuttgart on 31 March 2008 by Mojca Erdmann and Siegfried Mauser. It was recorded, with the "" and the Mörike-Lieder, in 2012 on the occasion of the composer's 85th birthday by members of the Musikhochschule München.
"Heine-Lieder".
The cycle "" was composed in 1994 and 1995, subtitled "Ein Liederbuch nach Gedichten von Heinrich Heine" (A songbook after poems by Heinrich Heine). Killmayer set 37 of his poems in four sections ("Abteilung"):
Poems by Heine have been set to music by many composers, including Robert Schumann who composed in 1840 "Dichterliebe" on texts from Heine's "Lyrisches Intermezzo", including also " and ". Killmayer observed a difference in the approach to setting Heine's poems: 
The composition was premiered at the Liederhalle in Stuttgart on 16 November 1995 by Christoph Prégardien and Siegfried Mauser, with the composer for recitation.
"Schweigen und Kindheit".
The cycle "" was composed in 1993, setting six more poems by Trakl:
It was premiered in Munich on 3 December 1996 by Sebastian Leebmann and Siegfried Mauser. It was recorded in 2017 by Markus Schäfer and Mauser, together with the third cycle of "Hölderlin-Lieder" and the first cycle based on Trakl, titled Sommersneige (Summer's End).
"Mörike-Lieder".
The cycle "" was composed in 2003 and 2004, setting 15 poems by Eduard Mörike:
The cycle was premiered at the in Stuttgart on 12 October 2004 by Christoph Prégardien and Siegfried Mauser. It was recorded, with the "" and the Sappho-Lieder, in 2012 on the occasion of the composer's 85th birthday by members of the Musikhochschule München.