Cucumispora dikerogammari

The microsporidian Cucumispora dikerogammari is a parasitic fungal species that infects the invasive amphipod "Dikerogammarus villosus". The first recorded evidence of "Cucumispora dikerogammari" was, as cited by Ovcharenko and Vita, in Germany, circa 1895, by Dr. L. Pfeiffer in the Dnieper Estuary. The Dnieper Estuary and lower parts of the Danube River are considered to be the parasite’s native range. As its host, "D. villosus", began to invade novel habitats, "C. dikerogammari" followed, and has now expanded its range to be found in many of the main bodies of water in Central and Western Europe. At this time, only limited research has been conducted regarding the ecological implications of "C. dikerogammari" spreading beyond its native range. However, there is evidence to suggest that "C. dikerogammari" may cause imbalance to the male/female sex ratio of its host "D. villosus".
Classification.
Toward the broader end of its classification, "C. dikerogammari" falls within the phylum Microspora. Characteristics of phylum Microspora include a relictual mitochondrial structure and a complex life cycle involving both horizontal and vertical transmission. These characteristics suggest a host organism is necessary to sustain life and allow for reproduction of Microsporidia. The parasite was originally classified as "Nosema dikerogammari". Through phenotypic, molecular, phylogenic, and host compatibility experiments, evidence has led to the reclassification of "Nosema dikerogammari" within the novel genus "Cucumispora". Characteristics that define both genus "Cucumispora" and "Nosema" are diplokaryotic development and disporoblastic sporogony. Ovcharenko instated the novel genus "Cucumispora" to describe the presence a specific anterior structure to aid in attachment to a susceptible host, specific arrangements of isofilar polar filaments, substantial diplokaryon, and vacuole structure. These traits are unique to "Cucumispora", and serve to differentiate it from "Nosema".
Host.
Several microsporidian parasites are known to infect "Dikerogammarus villosus". "C. dikerogammari" reduces the survival rate in its hosts during the later stages of infection, leading them to reproduce earlier.