Erwin Wurm

Erwin Wurm (born 1954) is an Austrian artist born in Bruck an der Mur, Styria, Austria. He lives and works in Vienna and Limberg, Austria.
Philosophy.
In "The Artist Who Swallowed the World", Wurm is quoted as saying: "I am interested in the everyday life. All the materials that surrounded me could be useful, as well as the objects, topics involved in contemporary society. My work speaks about the whole entity of a human being: the physical, the spiritual, the psychological and the political."
Wurm is known for his humorous approach to formalism. About the use of humor in his work, Wurm says in an interview: "If you approach things with a sense of humor, people immediately assume you're not to be taken seriously. But I think truths about society and human existence can be approached in different ways. You don't always have to be deadly serious. Sarcasm and humor can help you see things in a lighter vein."
Although the images are slightly humorous, they extend or manipulate reality in ways that can be disturbing. Wurm's work portrays manipulated images of things in everyday life, things that look familiar, but which become distorted. Pieces like "Truck", where a truck curves up against the building or "Narrow House", a thin, claustrophobic house, take something familiar to all and distort it by enlarging, curving it, or slimming it down. “I will often use humor to seduce people”, admits Wurm. “To get them to move closer, but it’s never very nice when they look closer."
Wurm's work is often critical of Western society and the mentality and lifestyle of his childhood during post-World War II Austria. Although Wurm's sculptures are humorous and ridiculous, they are actually quite serious. His criticism is playful, but should not be confused with kindness. He represents his criticism of objects, such as clothing, furniture, cars, houses, and everyday objects to his audience. Common themes in his work include not only our relationship to banal everyday objects, but also philosophers and life in postwar Austria.
In talking about his often-mentioned topics of the gaining and losing of body weight and philosophy, Wurm stated: "It's about the difficulty to cope with life. Whether with diet or with a philosophy". What is being talked about here is how diet and philosophy are two parts of our daily lifestyle: on the one hand physically and on the other hand spiritually. In the context of the quote, this "diet" could concern cars or clothes or food: a diet in which you consume too much ensures that you will exist in excess. His bloated works speak to the way people buy things that symbolize high status with which they manage their life. But his work also deals with philosophy by focusing on philosophers who lived in the time of the early twentieth century.
"One Minute Sculptures".
Since the late 1980s, he has developed an ongoing series of "One Minute Sculptures", in which he poses himself or his models in unexpected relationships with everyday objects close at hand, prompting the viewer to question the very definition of sculpture. He seeks to use the "shortest path" in creating a sculpture—a clear and fast, sometimes humorous, form of expression. As the sculptures are fleeting and meant to be spontaneous and temporary, the images are only captured in photos or on film.
To make a "One Minute Sculpture", the viewer has to part with his habits. Wurm's instructions for his audience are written by hand in a cartoon-like style. Either Wurm himself or a volunteer follow the instructions for the sculpture, which is meant to put the body in an absurd and ridiculous-looking relationship with everyday objects. Whoever chooses to do one of Wurm's "One Minute Sculptures" holds the pose for a minute, or the time it takes to capture the scene photographically. These positions are often difficult to hold; although a minute is very short, a minute for a "One Minute Sculpture" can feel like an eternity.
"Fat Car" series.
Wurm believes the creation of sculpture is adding and subtracting material to an object. In his works, he does so by layering clothes over each other, or items represented as fat, obese, or inflated.
Wurm has worked on a series of sculptures titled "Fat Car", which depict "puffy, obese, life-size sculptures that bulge like overfilled sacks". The first of his "Fat Car" series was developed with Opel designers, but they were unsuccessful in achieving the kind of shape that Wurm had in mind. In order to create the desired look of fatness, the artist uses polyurethane foam and styrofoam covered with lacquer. Wurm has also produced a "Fat House" at near full scale.
His “fat” works of art are meant to critique consumer culture and Western culture's need for material objects. Wurm once noted that many people are obsessed with having bigger houses and bigger cars, which is exactly what he creates in these pieces. However, his cars and "Fat House" are not big in a sense that people are drawn to. Although these pieces look ridiculous and funny, there is very pointed criticism behind them about how ridiculous and funny the owners of such things are to the artist.
"Narrow House".
Erwin Wurm "shrank" his parents' house to reflect the mentality of Austria during the postwar period; the design of the house is typical of the 1950s, but a fraction of the width. The house is furnished with shrunken furniture. This piece was inspired by Wurm's childhood, since he grew up during the 1950s through 1970s in postwar Austria. Growing up, he lived with his parents; his mother stayed at home and his father was a policeman. Therefore, it was difficult to express himself both at school and at home. This limited view has affected Wurm's philosophy of art strongly, and "Narrow House" is a physical manifestation of it. When the viewers walk through, they feel the tension and claustrophobia that Wurm experienced on a daily basis as a child.
"From Men's Size 38 to Size 48 in Eight Days".
Erwin Wurm’s displayed work "From Men’s Size 38 to Size 48 in Eight Days" are pages from his instruction book that explains Wurm’s daily diet and activities each day in order to increase his body mass tremendously over the week. The book contains short advice such as, “day nap”, “breathe deeply”, “read or lay near an open window”. The mounted photos also include various advice, from meal content to room temperature, in order to expedite extreme weight gain. Many of the unhealthy meal plans include things like, “two bottles of beer for lunch, one litre of red wine for dinner, and rich Austrian sweet recipes, like scheiterhaufen (also known as Žemlovka) , as a full-on course”. Wurm believes that gaining or losing weight is a medium of sculptural work. Similar to his "One Minute Sculptures", Erwin Wurm uses the human body to provide the material to make this sculpture. The artist’s intention for the audience is to feel as if their bodies are filled with the food from reading the instruction book and become the sculptures themselves. It serves as a comeback to self-help books that idealize a slender, healthy body. Wurm’s artistic process of utilizing the human body with the live-action event as a medium, serves as a fundamental meaning-making practice for artists all over the world.
Cultural influences.
In the Red Hot Chili Peppers 2003 music video "Can't Stop" the members of the band carry out five of Wurm's "One Minute Sculptures". At the end of the video, a sign states that Wurm was an inspiration for the video. In a recent iTunes interview, Flea is quoted as saying Wurm's picture of a man with a pencil in his nose was a significant influence on the video (Flea himself appears in the video, at a certain point, with markers in his nostrils, pencils in his ears, and paint pot caps over his eyes). Due to the popularity of the video, Wurm's work also boomed in popularity.
Collections and exhibitions.
Erwin Wurm's works are in collections worldwide, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Walker Art Center, Museum Ludwig, , Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, Museum of Old and New Art, and the Centre Pompidou.