Biblical terminology for race

Since antiquity, biblical ethnonyms, as seen for example in the Table of Nations in Genensis 10, have been used as a basis for classifying human racial (cosmetic phenotypes) and national (ethnolinguistic cultural) identities.
The early modern equation of the biblical Semites, Hamites and Japhetites with "racial" phenotypes was coined at the Göttingen School of History in the late 18th century – in parallel with other, more secular terminologies for race, such as Blumenbach's fivefold racial scheme.
The following traditional and modern sources attempt to equate the biblical Table of Nations with contemporary racial (cosmetic phenotypal) and/or national (ethnolinguistic cultural) identities: 
Flavius Josephus.
The 1st-century Jewish-Roman historian Josephus, in "Antiquities of the Jews" Book 1, chapter 6, was the first known author who assigned known ethnicities to some of the names listed in Genesis chapter 10. His assignments became the basis for most later authors, and were as follows:
Hippolytus.
Hippolytus of Rome, in his "Diamerismos" (c. 234, existing in numerous Latin and Greek copies), made another attempt to assign ethnicities to the names in Genesis 10. It is thought to have been based on the Book of Jubilees.
Its differences versus that of Josephus are shown below:
The "Chronography of 354", the "Panarion" by Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 375), the "Chronicon Paschale" (c. 627), the "History of Albania" by the Georgian historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi (7th century), and the "Synopsis of Histories" by John Skylitzes (c. 1057) follow the identifications of Hippolytus.
In Jerome.
Jerome, writing c. 390, provided an 'updated' version of Josephus' identifications in his "Hebrew Questions on Genesis". His list is substantially identical to that of Josephus in almost all respects, but with the following notable differences:
Isidore of Seville.
The scholar Isidore of Seville, in his "Etymologiae" (c. 600), repeats all of Jerome's identifications, but with these minor changes:
Isidore's identifications for Japheth's sons were repeated in the "Historia Brittonum" attributed to Nennius. Isidore's identifications also became the basis for numerous later mediaeval scholars, remaining so until the Age of Discovery prompted newer theories, such as that of Benito Arias Montano (1571), who proposed connecting Meshech with Moscow, and Ophir with Peru.
Tacitus.
In the early 6th century CE, perhaps in Byzantine Constantinople (or elsewhere in the Eastern Roman Empire), the commonly-termed "Frankish Table of Nations" was created, likely under the influence of Gothic sources. It drew heavily from Tacitus's "Germania" and is notable for its focus on linking the various Germanic peoples (and their neighbors) of the 6th century to Trojan and biblical ancestors. The text was eventually transmitted to Frankish Gaul by the 6th to 7th centuries and in the early 9th century CE, likely due to its reference to the ancestry of the Britons, was used as a primary source by an anonymous Welsh scribe for the Historia Brittonum.
Göttingen school of history.
Scholars at the Göttingen School of History, which played an important role in creating a "scientific" basis for historical research, coined the modern racial definitions of the terms Semitic, Hamitic and Japhetic. The primary scholars were Johann Christoph Gatterer, August Ludwig von Schlözer and Johann Gottfried Eichhorn.
Gatterer's 1771 "Einleitung in die Synchronistische Universalhistorie" ("Introduction to the Universal Synchronistic History") was the first publication to use these terms in an ethnic sense. Gatterer's description was as follows:
Other interpretations.
Descendants of Japheth.
The Greek Septuagint (LXX) text of Genesis includes an additional son of Japheth, "Elisa", between Javan and Tubal; however, as this name is found in no other ancient source, nor in I Chronicles, he is almost universally agreed to be a duplicate of Elisha, son of Javan. The presence of Elisa and of Cainan son of Arpachshad (below) in the Greek Bible accounts for the traditional enumeration among early Christian sources of 72 names, as opposed to the 70 names found in Jewish sources and Western Christian sources.
Descendants of Ham.
Beginning in the 9th century with the Jewish grammarian Judah ibn Quraysh, a relationship between the Semitic and Cushitic languages was seen; modern linguists group these two families, along with the Egyptian, Berber, Chadic, and Omotic language groups into the larger Afro-Asiatic language family. In addition, languages in the southern half of Africa are now seen as belonging to several distinct families independent of the Afro-Asiatic group. Some now discarded Hamitic theories have become viewed as racist; in particular a theory proposed in the 19th century by Speke, that the Tutsi were supposedly of some Hamitic ancestry and thus "inherently superior".
The 17th-century Jesuit, Athanasius Kircher, thought that the Chinese had also descended from Ham, via Egyptians.