Cass criterion

The Cass criterion, also known as the Malinvaud–Cass criterion, is a central result in theory of overlapping generations models in economics. It is named after David Cass.
A major feature which sets overlapping generations models in economics apart from the standard model with a finite number of infinitely lived individuals is that the First Welfare Theorem might not hold—that is, competitive equilibria may be not be Pareto optimal.
If formula_1 represents the vector of Arrow–Debreu commodity prices prevailing in period formula_2 and if
then a competitive equilibrium allocation is inefficient.