SS Mendi

SS Mendi was a British passenger steamship that was built in 1905 and, as a troopship, sank after collision with great loss of life in 1917.
Alexander Stephen and Sons of Linthouse in Glasgow, Scotland launched her on 18 June 1905 for the British and African Steam Navigation Company, which appointed group company Elder Dempster & Co to manage her on their Liverpool-West Africa trades. In 1916 during the First World War the UK Admiralty chartered her as a troopship. On 21 February 1917 a large cargo steamship, , collided with her in the English Channel south of the Isle of Wight. "Mendi" sank killing 646 people, most of whom were black South African troops. The new port admin building at the Port of Ngqura, South Africa, has been named eMendi in commemoration of the SS Mendi.
Final voyage.
"Mendi" had sailed from Cape Town carrying 823 men of the 5th Battalion the South African Native Labour Corps to serve in France. She called at Lagos in Nigeria, where a naval gun was mounted on her stern. She next called at Plymouth and then headed up the English Channel toward Le Havre in northern France, escorted by the .
"Mendi"s complement was a mixture characteristic of many UK merchant ships at the time. Officers, stewards, cooks, signallers and gunners were British; firemen and other crew were West Africans, most of them from Sierra Leone.
The South African Native Labour Corps men aboard her came from a range of social backgrounds, and from a number of different peoples spread over the South African provinces and neighbouring territories. (287 were from Transvaal, 139 from the Eastern Cape, 87 from Natal, 27 from Northern Cape, 26 from the Orange Free State, 26 from Basutoland, eight from Bechuanaland (Botswana), five from Western Cape, one from Rhodesia and one from South West Africa). Most had never seen the sea before this voyage, and very few could swim. The officers and NCOs were white Southern Africans.
Loss.
At 5 am on 21 February 1917, in thick fog about south of St. Catherine's Point on the Isle of Wight, the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company cargo ship "Darro" accidentally rammed "Mendi"'s starboard quarter, breaching her forward hold. "Darro" was an ship, almost three times the size of the "Mendi", sailing in ballast to Argentina to load meat. "Darro" survived the collision but "Mendi" sank, killing 616 Southern Africans (607 of them black troops) and 30 crew.
Some men were killed outright in the collision; others were trapped below decks. Many others gathered on "Mendi"s deck as she listed and sank. Oral history records that the men met their fate with great dignity. An interpreter, Isaac Williams Wauchope (also known as Isaac Wauchope Dyobha), who had previously served as a Minister in the Congregational Native Church of Fort Beaufort and Blinkwater, is reported to have calmed the panicked men by raising his arms aloft and crying out in a loud voice:
"Be quiet and calm, my countrymen. What is happening now is what you came to do...you are going to die, but that is what you came to do. Brothers, we are drilling the death drill. I, a Xhosa, say you are my brothers...Swazis, Pondos, Basotho...so let us die like brothers. We are the sons of Africa. Raise your war-cries, brothers, for though they made us leave our "assegais" in the kraal, our voices are left with our bodies."
The damaged "Darro" did not stay to assist, but "Brisk" lowered her boats, whose crews then rescued survivors.
The investigation into the accident led to a formal hearing in summer 1917, held in Caxton Hall, Westminster. It opened on 24 July, sat for five days spread over the next fortnight, and concluded on 8 August. The court found "Darro"s Master, Henry W Stump, guilty of "having travelled at a dangerously high speed in thick fog, and of having failed to ensure that his ship emitted the necessary fog sound signals." It suspended Stump's licence for a year.
The reason for Stump's decision not to help "Mendi"s survivors has been a source of speculation. There is however no evidence of his state of mind or intention. Certainly "Darro" was vulnerable to attack by enemy submarines, both as a large merchant ship and having sustained damage that put her out of action for up to three months.
Wreck site.
In 1945 "Mendi"s wreck was known to be off Saint Catherine's Light, but it was not positively identified until 1974. The ship rests upright on the sea floor. She has started to break up, exposing her boilers.
In 2006 the Commonwealth War Graves Commission launched an education resource called "Let us die like brothers" to highlight the role played by black Southern Africans during the First World War. In death they are afforded the same level of commemoration as all other Commonwealth war dead.
In December 2006 English Heritage commissioned Wessex Archaeology to make an initial desk-based appraisal of the wreck. The project will identify a range of areas for potential future research and serve as the basis for a possible unintrusive survey of the wreck itself in the near future. In 2017 the ship's bell was handed in anonymously to a BBC journalist. The Prime Minister, Theresa May returned the bell to South Africa while on an official visit there in August 2018.
Monuments.
This event is commemorated by monuments in South Africa, Britain, France and the Netherlands, as well as in the name of the port admin building at the Port of Ngqura, the eMendi Admin Building and the names of two South African Navy ships:
Monuments, ceremonies and other commemorations, such as artworks, in which the loss of men of the "Mendi" has been commemorated include:
The Delville Memorial on the event of the 90th Anniversary of this tragedy held commemorative events there a Poem, a lament, written by the then South African High Commissioner to London Lindiwe Mabuza was read. Delville Memorial also has the SS Mendi Poem of S.E.K Mqhayi titles 'The Sinking of Mendi' which was originally written in isiXhosa.