
Interactive Application System

Interactive Application System (IAS) was a DEC operating system for the PDP-11. It was a fork from RSX-11D.
The last major release, Version 3.0, began distribution late 1979; the final version, 3.4, came out May 1990.
Overview.
DEC's RSX-11A and C were paper-tape based, B had limited disk support, "D" was for disk, and the "M" designation was for "small Memory 
requirement" /later "Multi-user" (with RSX-11M plus being a followup). "IAS" was designed to a mix of "concurrent timesharing, real-time and batch." A "looking back" described it as "bare basics .. handled interrupts .. scheduled processes, and provided interprocess communications" without being "all things to all people." Another description, rather than focusing on taking away overhead, wrote "IAS (Interactive Application System) was created by adding two things to 11D."
RSX-11's use of a "version number" as part of a file's identifier: "MYFILE.DAT;3" was retained by IAS.
The batch facility's command files used the same syntax as the "indirect command files" available to interactive users; multiple batch jobs could run concurrently. The system could be tuned to either leave unused CPU cycles to batch, or to guarantee a minimum level (without taking from Real Time requirements).
DEC's Sort/Merge utility program was distributed as part of IAS.
Performance.
The system can be operated in one of three "modes": Real-Time, Multi-User, and Timesharing.
"Multi-User" shares the system with Real-Time tasks; "Timesharing" adds effective concurrent use of "batch processing" alongside "noncritical real-time tasks" and interactive users. Timesharing also adds "Timesharing Control Primitives" (TCP), described as a "mechanism for timesharing tasks to invoke and communicate with other timesharing tasks." An evaluation by TRW's Defense and Space Systems Group for Tactical Operations Analysis Support Facility at Langley AFB VA highlighted the "IAS heuristic timesharing scheduler" and "subtasking support at the Kernel Executive level via the SPAWN system directive."
The "heuristic timesharing scheduler" tracks "history of performance and degree of interaction."
Some failure recovery is built into both the DEC hardware and IAS software.