Nesodon

Nesodon ("island tooth") is a genus of Miocene mammal belonging to the extinct order Notoungulata which inhabited southern South America during the Late Oligocene to Miocene living from 29.0—16.3 Ma and existed for approximately .
 It had a relatively large size, weighing up to 554 kg (1221 lbs) and reaching 1.5 m in height.
Taxonomy.
"Nesodon" was named by Owen (1846). It was assigned to Toxodontidae by Carroll (1988). It was an early member of the family Toxodontidae, which included the well-known Pleistocene genus "Toxodon". Like almost all toxodontids, "Nesodon" was endemic to South America. In particular, fossils of "Nesodon" are known from late early Miocene (Santacrucian SALMA) deposits of Argentina and Chile.
Three species of "Nesodon" are recognized including a larger species, "N. imbricatus", and a smaller species, "N. conspurcatus". A poorly known and possibly invalid third species, "N. cornutus", was similar to "N. imbricatus" but may have had a small horn on its head. All species of "Nesodon" were larger than species of the contemporary toxodontid "Adinotherium".
The dentition of "Nesodon" shows features typical of living grazing (grass-eating) mammals, but a study of wear on the enamel of "N. imbricatus" suggests that it was a browser (leaf eater) that may have supplemented its diet with fruit or bark.
Classification.
In 2014, a study identifying a new species of "Nesodon", "N. taweretus", resolved the families phylogenetic relations. The below cladogram was found by the study:
Distribution.
Fossils of "Nesodon" have been found in: