Jeju Oreum

Jeju Oreum (Hangul: 오름, Hanja: 岳) is the rising small defunct volcano in the Jeju Island in South Korea. The word "oreum" is the Jeju dialect which implies the parasitic cone [Hangul: 측화산, Hanja: 側火山) (also Hangul: 기생화산, Hanja: 寄生火山) and the origin of a word "oreum" is a noun type of the word "climb" (Hangul: 오르다). The name refers to a small volcano within a main volcanic crater in Jeju-do and is usually applied to the hill in Jeju. The cinder cone, symbolizing the oreum, is a typical form of Jeju Oreum. The Oreum is divided into pyroclastic cone, tuff cone and lava dome depending on the nature of volcanic eruptions. The pyroclastic cones are volcanic bodies formed by the accumulation of volcanic clusters released into the air by explosive eruption.
More than 360 Oreums are distributed throughout Jeju Island from the mountains to coast, centered on Mt. Halla. These Oreums are characterized by the fact that their formations are not long and the prototype is well preserved due to the high permeability of rainwater. When talking about life in Jeju Island, Oreum is an indispensable object with Dol Hareubang (Hangul: 돌하르방) and is a symbol of Jeju Island. To the people of Jeju Island, it has been sacred as a site of folk religion. So, even now, in the areas, can be found traces of the site in which the villagers performed ancestral worship rituals. Oreum has also become the home of the villages as a base for people living in Jeju. The people gathered at the base of Oreums, planted the fields, farmed the fields, and livestocked.
Efforts are being made to protect and manage Oreum as a target of sustainable development. It was designated as Natural Monument (No. 444) in 2005 and was registered as A World Heritage Site in 2007 under the name of 'Geomunoreum Lava Cave System' in Korea. The Geomunoreum lava tube system (Hangul: 거문오름 용암동굴계) is one of Jeju's three locations to be designated as UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites.
Formation.
Magma erupting under pressure can solidify into scoria, which may fall and pile up around the crater to form circular and elliptical scoria cones and cinder cones. These are popularly known as Oreum in Jeju Island. There are about 360 such Oreum. Oreum are classified as cinder cones, lava domes, fault blocks, or cryptodomes.
If the internal density of the volcano sufficient to prevent collapse, a crater is formed, while a collapse produces a caldera. In the case of Mt. Halle, the crater Baekrokdam was formed. The typical caldera terrain on the Korea peninsula is Cheonji on Mt. Baekdu.
As the formation of the Oreum occurred in the Cenozoic era and is thus relatively recent, the initial topography of the volcanoes has been well preserved and frequently allows investigation of characteristics like spouting time and eruption specifics, in addition to influences on surface formation that lead to different oreum shapes (e.g., horseshoe-, cone-, circle-, or hybrid-type).
Famous Oreum.
Geomunoreum.
Geomunoreum (Hangul: 거문오름) forms boundary among Jocheon-eup Jeju-si, Namwon-eup Seogwipo-si and Pyoseon-myeon Seogwipo-si. The crater of top is complex form divided into east and west by ridge. The Oreum located Jeju 400 m of Jeju northeast bevel's sea is where many caves are concentrated. This Oreum is important because the lava flows that flowed from this volcano reached shoreline in the direction of the northeast along the terrain gradient and completed the lava tube structure including about 20 caves. The cave system of three direction are formed in this cave structure. The first cave system is Geomunoreum to Dangcheomul cave, which is about 13 km and leads to Banjul cave (Hangul: 뱅뒤굴), Manjanggul Cave (Hangul: 만장굴), Gimnyongsa cave (Hangul: 김녕사굴) and Dangcheomul cave (Hangul: 당처물굴) in lava cave structure formed nearly straight line. It can be traced on a topographic map. According to result of research on the Jeju natural heritage site, the scale of lava cave developed around Sunheul-ri Geomunoreum and the extension cave things have been confirmed to be world class. It was listed as UNESCO World Natural Heritage in June 2007 because of its high academic and natural heritage value.
Yongnunioreum.
Yongnunioreum (Hangul: 용눈이오름) is located in Jongdal-ri Gujwa-eup Jeju-si. The top of Yongnunioreum is composed of three peaks around the top of north-east direction, and there is an elliptical crater somewhat opened in the east–west direction. Overall, the shape of mountain is a horseshoe-shaped crater that spreads shallowly toward the east slope. At the foot of the west slope, there are a small parasitic volcano with marginated top and two conical parasitic volcanos, Aloreum, and it is recorded as a complex Oreum formed with two or more crater along with Yongnunioreum (Hangul: 용눈이오름) and Donurioreum (Hangul: 도너리오름). Especially, a complex volcano made up of various craters is known as an unusual shape. It is said that it is called Oreum because of the shape of Oreum, the figure of the dragons playing, lying and rising in regard to the origin of the place name.
Geumoreum.
Geumoreum (Hangul: 금오름) is located in Geumak-ri Hallim-eup Jeju-si. It is one of the representative Oreum of western middle mountain area. It is parasitic volcanic with a large circular crater and a mountaintop crater lake. It has 2 peaks in the north and the south, leading to a low col in the east and the west. The mountaintop crater lake was in a great volume of water but the floor of the lake is exposed now. "Geum" (Hangul: 금) stands for God and it can be seen that it has been sacred from ancient time.
Saebyeoloreum.
Saebyeoloreum (Hangul: 새별오름) is located in Bongseong-ri Aewol-eup Jeju-si. Saebyeoloreum was also called the Saebeloreum or Saebiloreum. It was written as Hyobyeolak(Chinese: 曉別岳) in Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram (Hangul: ), Hyoseongak(Chinese: 曉星岳)in Tamraji (Hangul: ) and Sinseongak(Chinese: 新星岳) in Jejuguyneupji (Hangul: 제주군읍지). There is a view that Saebel and Saebil are Jeju dialect and they mean stars but it's uncertain. At the southern peak, there are ridges in the southwest, northwest, and northeast directions and there are 5 dagger-shaped mountaintops looked like a star. And Saebyeoloreum was the place where Goryeo[Korean] military under General Choi Young suppressed Mongolian military.
Darangswioreum.
Darangswioreum (Hangul: 다랑쉬오름) is located in Sehwa-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si. Although it is only 382 meters above sea level, it has all of the characteristics of a volcanic terrain and is called a 'queen of Oreum'. Darangswi (Hangul: 다랑쉬) is the dialect of Jeju which means the Moon. It is named Darangswi because the crater of mountain peaks looks like a full moon. There is a large, deep funnel-shaped circular crater in the mountain area. The outer circumference of this crater is about 1,500 m. It forms a long ellipse from south to north, the north is relatively flat. The depth of the crater is 115 m, which is same with Baekrokdam in Halla Mountain. Most of Oreum are asymmetrically inclined, whereas Darangswioreum is arranged with concentric contour lines. There is a village of Darangswi, which was abandoned due to the . In 1992, eleven of the remains of the victims were unearthed at the Darangswi cave.
Ttarabioreum.
Ttarabioreum (Hangul: 따라비오름) is located in Gasi-ri, Pyoseon-myeon, Seogwipo-si. The biggest feature is there are 3 craters. Several large and small peaks are connected with a smooth ridge. On the horseshoe-shaped foot of the mountain, there are debris slide layers as Dunjioreum in Gujwa-eup. It is said that it is considered to belong to a recent volcano erupted because of the debris slide. It is said that the name, Ttarabi (Hangul: 따라비) comes from the name Ttangharabeoji (hangul: 땅할아버지), which looks like a family with near oreums. Ttangharabeoji means grandfather for ground in English. Ttarabioreum is a typical autumn oreum. As well as the foot of the oreum, the surrounding mountain are all silver grass field. The old days, horses was released and raised in this great grassland.
List of Oreums.
This is a list of...
Jeju City.
This is a list of 51 oreums in Jeju City (Hangul: 제주시)
Seogwipo City.
This is a list of 31 oreums in Seogwipo City (Hangul: 서귀포시)
Aewol Town.
This is a list of 32 oreums in Aewol Town (Hangul: 애월읍)
Hallim Town.
This is a list of 16 oreums in Hallim Town (Hangul: 한림읍)
Daejeong Town.
This is a list of 8 oreums in Daejeong Town (Hangul: 대정읍)
Seongsan Town.
This is a list of 18 oreums in Seongsan Town (Hangul: 성산읍)
Gujwa Town.
This is a list of 33 oreums in Gujwa Town (Hangul: 구좌읍)
Jocheon Town.
This is a list of 25 oreums in Jocheon Town (Hangul: 조천읍)
Namwon Town.
This is a list of 23 oreums in Namwon Town (Hangul: 남원읍)
Andeok-myeon.
This is a list of 30 oreums in Andeok-myeon (Hangul: 안덕면)
Pyoseon-myeon.
This is a list of 26 oreums in Pyoseon-myeon (Hangul: 표선면)
Hangyeong-myeon.
This is a list of 12 oreums in Hangyeong-myeon (Hangul: 한경면)
Udo-myeon.
This is a list of 1 oreums in Udo-myeon (Hangul: 우도면)