Train categories in Europe

Railway companies in Europe assign their trains to different categories or train types depending on their role. Passenger trains may be broadly split into long-distance and local trains; the latter having average journey times of under an hour and a range of less than 50 kilometres. Goods trains have their own train types. The names of these train types have changed continually over the course of time.
A train type is not essentially a trademark name. However, there are trademark names that are also used as train types (e.g. CityNightLine, Cisalpino, VogtlandExpress).
Finland (VR).
NOTE: Long distance trains are identified (in passenger information systems) by train number prefixed with the train type abbreviation (e.g. "IC 90"). However, the Helsinki region commuter trains are identified by their "route letters" only (e.g. "K") and usually do not show their train number to passengers at all.
France (SNCF).
The SNCF use a different system of trains categories, based on politics wishes and commercial trademarks. Categories do not necessarily match with distance.
Hungary (MÁV, GYSEV).
This trains make connections with Intercity trains from smaller towns. Air conditioned, allowed to travel with bike or wheelchair.
Italy (Trenitalia and others).
"Categories without * are of Trenitalia."
International quality services.
These trains are long international services generally with reservation mandatory. They are operated by different companies such as Thello (Italy-Paris).
SVI (Società Viaggiatori Italia, a company of SNCF) has TGV as category.
Regional and local trains.
These categories are also used by regional railways (generally isolated from national railway network). These trains are financed by administratives regions:
Circumvesuviana (Naples area).
Circumvesuviana (a group of narrow-gauge railways connecting towns to the south-east of Naples) has a special classification: accelerato, diretto and direttissimo, which was the former classification used by FS. "Diretto" is also used by "Società Subalpina Imprese Ferroviarie" for the cross-border railway Domodossola–Locarno.
Ireland (Iarnród Éireann and NI Railways).
Four different train categories are operated in Ireland by NI Railways and Iarnród Éireann.
Luxembourg.
Because of its small size and its location, Luxembourg has more international trains than national ones.
International trains.
International trains connecting Belgium and Switzerland through Luxembourg and France (Brussels-South – Basel/Chur/Zurich).
Long-distance trains from either Belgium ("InterCity J": Brussels-South – Luxembourg) and Germany (Cologne – Luxembourg).
Long-distance trains from Belgium ("InterRegio m": Luxembourg – Liège/Lier)
High-speed train from France (Paris – Luxembourg)
Night service from France (Nice – Luxembourg) and Spain (Port-Bou – Luxembourg)
Regional train from Lorraine, France (Longuyon – Luxembourg ; Longwy – Esch-sur-Alzette – Thionville ; Nancy – Luxembourg, French extension to Épinal and Remiremont)
Regional train from Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (Trier – Luxembourg, German extension to Wittlich and Cochern)
Regional trains from Belgium, circulating in rush-hour only (Virton – Rodange, Arlon – Rodange)
Regional trains from Belgium (Arlon – Rodange – Virton/Gedinne/Libramont)
National trains.
Long-distance train between Luxembourg and either Diekirch or Troisvierges (extension from Troisvierges with the Belgian "IR m")
Regional trains, including extensions to border stations in France (Volmerange-les-Mines, Audun-le-Tiche, Longwy) and in Belgium (Athus)
Luxembourgish? Foreign?
Some trains are considered both Luxembourgish (by the CFL, according to their map) and from the border country the train is from or crossing (like L and P trains from Belgium, TER from France, RE from Germany), no matter if these trains are really from Luxembourg or not, making these trains more difficult to classify. These difficulties are due to the assimilation of each train as Regionalexpress or InterRegio in Luxembourg (similar name in Germany and Belgium, specific name in France).
Netherlands (NS and others).
Also see Rail transport in the Netherlands
Russia (RZD).
Train category is defined by its number's digits.
Ukraine (Ukrzaliznycya).
Day-time trains:
Overnight trains:
United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom's railway network is unusual in not publicly numbering or classifying its trains, except by the brand of the operating company. This may approach a classification system on lines where the express and local services are operated by different companies:
Bulgaria (Bulgarian state railways BDŽ).
Train categories in Bulgaria use the simplified model of the previous century. At the beginning of rail transport in Bulgaria there were only three categories of passenger trains: "Бърз пътнически влак (БПВ)" - Barz patnicheski vlak (Fast passenger train), the equivalent of the current Fast train; "Обикновен пътнически влак (ОПВ)" - Obiknoven patnicheski vlak (Regular passenger train), the equivalent of the current Passenger train and "Смесен пътнически влак (СПВ)" - Smesen patnicheski vlak, the equivalent of Mixed train. Using this basis BDŽ now provides extended variety of these simle categories.
See also.
Sleeper trains in Europe