Vimochana Samaram

The Vimochana Samaram (1958–59) (English: "Liberation Struggle") was an anticommunist backlash against the first elected state government in Kerala, India, which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad of the Communist Party of India. Organised opposition to the state government was spearheaded by the Catholic Church in Kerala, the Nair Service Society and the Indian Union Muslim League. Although termed a "liberation struggle", the campaign was largely peaceful by taking the form of statewide meetings and public demonstrations. 
In June 1959, Kerala was rocked by mass protests calling for the resignation of the communist ministry. The Indian government finally bowed to pressure and dismissed Namboodiripad on 31 July 1959.
Background.
On 1 November 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara. In 1957, elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly were held, and a Communist-led government came to power, under E. M. S. Namboodiripad. It initiated some Land reform in Kerala and educational reforms by introducing new bills in the state assembly. However, some clauses in the new bills became controversial as those clauses offended several influential interest groups, such as the Catholic Church of Kerala, Muslim League and NSS.
A revolt against the Communist government's educational policies took shape. In 1957, a communist government was elected in Kerala for the first time under the leadership of Shri. E. M. S. Namboodiripad. Subsequently, a revolt propagated against the government. At Angamaly, the prime centre of Christians, the intensity of fury was broke into open violence. The Communist Party government's claim was that the police were forced to open fire on what they claim was a violent mob, who allegedly attempted to attack a police station. The police firing and killing of 7 people is said to have instigated a mass movement against the EMS Government.
The controversial legislation.
Education bill.
The immediate cause of the outbreak of the Liberation Struggle was the introduction of the Education Bill by the minister of education Joseph Mundassery. The bill had revolutionary content that could have affected the administration of educational institutions, which were financially aided by the state government. Many of these institutions, at that time, were under the control of various Christian congregations and a few under the Nair Service Society (NSS). The Education Bill sought to regulate appointments and working conditions of the teachers in the government-aided schools. The remuneration of the teachers were to be paid directly from the government treasury. The appointments in aided institutions would be made by the management from the list of candidates which were prepared by the Public Service Commission, so as to eradicate corruption. It also mandated to take over any government-aided educational institution, if they fail to meet the conditions set by the newly promulgated bill.
Agrarian relations bill.
With the introduction of agrarian relations bill, the government sought to confer ownership rights on tenant cultivators, to grant permanent ownership of land for the agricultural labourers who reside in the premises of fields at the mercy of landlords, and to attempt redistribution of land by putting a ceiling on individual land holdings followed by distributing the surplus land among the landless. With the introduction of the bill, government tried to address the socio-economic inequality that prevailed in the state. In those days, the agricultural labourers, called as "kudikidappukar", were considered as slaves. Though they were allowed to stay in a piece of land allotted by the landlord, they were denied any payments for their labour and permanent rights in the land. However, the radical nature of the proposals of this bill raised panic among the landowning communities of Kerala, especially Nairs and Syrian Christians.
Agitations and reprisals.
Rallies and demonstrations against the government took place throughout the state. The protests were spearheaded by the Indian National Congress, the then ruling party of Government of India (Union Government) and were later supported by various religious and communal groups. The communists strongly believed that the Central Intelligence Agency discreetly supported these protests, financially and otherwise. The death of a pregnant fisher woman, named Flory, a Christian woman in the police firing aggravated the situation.
One notable feature of the movement was the participation of school and college students supporting the movement; the Kerala Students Union, the student wing of the Indian National Congress also played a role.
Result.
The immediate effect of the "Vimochana Samaram" was the dismissal of the Kerala State government under EMS on 31 July 1959 and imposition of president's rule in the state, under Article 356 of the constitution of India, from 31 July 1959 to 22 February 1960.
In the 1960s, elections to the Kerala State Legislative assembly, the United Front, led by the Indian National Congress, won with a majority. A ministry under Pattom A. Thanu Pillai, of the Praja Socialist Party, took office.
Legacy.
The Communist Party of India projects the Liberation Struggle as a conspiracy. Some of the key points of criticism were that it was an anti-democratic, CIA funded, communal movement aimed to shatter one of the first democratically elected communist ministry. It has further accused the Indian National Congress of publicly joining hands with anti-democratic splinters and communal forces to promote the downfall of a democratically elected government.