Plasmodium circumflexum

Plasmodium circumflexum is a parasite of the genus "Plasmodium" subgenus "Giovannolaia".
Like all "Plasmodium" species "P. circumflexum" has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
Taxonomy.
The parasite was first described by Kikuth in 1931 in a juniper thrush. It may have been the same species previous described by Labbe in 1894 who thought it was a species of "Haemoproteus".
Description.
Schizonts: these are large and when mature may entirely encircle the erythrocyte nucleus.
Merozoites: each schizont gives rise to 13-30 merozoites (mean 19.8: standard deviation 5).
Gametocytes: these are large and when mature may entirely encircle the erythrocyte nucleus.
Distribution.
This parasite is found in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Morocco, South Africa, Sri Lanka and the United States.
Vectors.
"Culiseta morsitans"
"Mansonia crassipes"
"Theobaldia annulata"
Sporogeny but not transmission has been recorded in "Mansonia perturbans".
Hosts.
"P. circumflexum" has been recorded infecting the following hosts: