Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)

The Naval Diving Unit (NDU; Chinese: 海军潜水特种部队) is the maritime special forces unit of the Republic of Singapore Navy, and is a component of the Special Operations Task Force of the Singapore Armed Forces. The unit is regularly tasked with salvage operations, underwater ordnance disposal, marine commando, and frogman warfare. It serves as the naval counterpart to the Singapore Armed Forces Commando Formation.
The unit is trained in airborne, underwater, and land warfare capabilities, making it a unit capable of direct action and covert missions within hostile territory, as well as maritime hostage rescue operations. The size of the unit and the details of their missions are kept classified due to their sensitive nature. It is often described as the Singaporean equivalent to the United States Navy's SEALs and the Royal Navy's Special Boat Service.
History.
In 1959, the British Far East Fleet Clearance Diving Team (FECDT) established a base of operations at HMS Terror Camp, which is the current headquarters of the unit. When the Royal Navy left Singapore on 12 December 1971, the FECDT was replaced by the Singapore Armed Forces Diving Centre under the command of Major Robert Khoo. The unit was made up of a group of divers recruited from the ranks of the Singapore Maritime Command, which is now the Republic of Singapore Navy. The divers were trained by Lieutenant Victor Rodrigues and were tasked with the maintenance of the Command's naval assets.
In 1975, the SAF Diving Centre became officially known as the Naval Diving Unit, and its current roles were reassigned in 1985 when it was perceived that underwater explosive ordnance disposal capabilities and the security of Singapore's waterways were becoming increasingly crucial in Singapore's maritime trade dependence. The Navy's fleet had also grown significantly by then, and more divers were needed to support the vessels at bay and on overseas deployments. Naval divers were involved in the salvage operations following the 1997 crash of SilkAir Flight MI185.
The NDU of the 1990s is almost totally unrecognisable from its forebear, the SAF Diving Centre of 1972. Traces of its legacy, however, exist at the Singapore Naval Medical and Hyperbaric Center in the form of the British made Camel Laird 10-man hyperbaric chamber.
Organisation and training.
Selection.
In NDU, Full-time National Servicemen (NSF) and regulars are expected to undergo the same training before they are qualified to become part of the unit. Recruitment begins with a vocational assessment, whereby NSFs are selected among the thousands that enlist each year. During the primary stage of selection, physical fitness results and medical records are evaluated. Thereafter, an aptitude test is conducted by Applied Behavioural Sciences Department (ABSD) to gauge the recruit. Medical fitness criteria such as perfect eyesight and the absence of chronic illnesses that may impede their training will have to be met before potential entrants undergo a battery of further tests that include a water confidence and hyperbaric chamber test, as well as another round of psychological evaluation. Those who meet all the requirements will then be enlisted into the unit.
Frogman School.
Recruits undergo a nine-month training at the Frogman School to become part of the Naval Diving Unit. The training comprises the three-month Basic Military Training and nine-month Combat Diver Course. For Basic Military Training, recruits will experience a largely similar training programme as National Servicemen from other combat vocations, albeit at Sembawang Camp instead of the Basic Military Training Centre. 
In the Combat Diver Course, recruits learn relevant skills such as drown-proofing and scuba diving, while developing their physical fitness in preparation for a fitness assessment, all of which take place in four phases (Physical Phase, Diving Phase, Land Combat Training, and Shipboard Competency). Passing requirements in the fitness assessment include a sub-20 minute timing for the sea circuit course, sub-29 minute timing for a 6 kilometre run, sub-58 minute timing for a 2 kilometre sea swim with diving equipment, and the attainment of the Diver Gold Award for the Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT). Additionally, recruits must score 80% or higher in a diving theory assessment. These prerequisites qualify recruits for the Team Building Week, commonly known as Hell Week, which is a five-day intensive phase which institutes stress exposure training by combining sleep deprivation and physical exertion, and serves as the final component of the course.
By this stage, as many as 60% of recruits would have dropped out. Those who drop out are transferred to other service units, while those who graduate will pass out and be formally known as frogmen, and are assigned to either the Underwater Demolition Group (UDG), Clearance Diving Group (CDG), or Special Warfare Group (SWG), with CDG and SWG being exclusive postings for SAF regular servicemen.
Underwater Demolition Group.
The Underwater Demolition Group is where most National Service trainees are assigned to, and specialises in the demolition of natural maritime barriers, as well as sabotage operations on enemy maritime infrastructure.
Clearance Diving Group.
The Clearance Diving Group is an all-regular group within the unit tasked with help preserving the safety of Singapore's vital sea lanes, and specialises in improvised explosive device disruption, underwater mine disposal, and bomb disposal. The group works alongside mine countermeasures vessels and is an integral part of the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit.
The group is also a component of the Accompanying Sea Security Teams (ASSeT), and carries out visit, board, search, and seizure operations on ships that carry highly sensitive or potentially hazardous articles through Singaporean waters.
Special Warfare Group.
The Naval Diving Unit's Special Warfare Group is an all-regular unit created as a counterpart to the Army Commando's Special Operations Force starting off under the name "The A-Team" in 1987, and specialises in conducting special operations over land, air and sea. The group has access to the latest equipment, and is tasked with airborne, reconnaissance, and direct action operations. The best performing candidates from Special Forces Qualification Course are selected to attend the Special Warfare Course before being inducted into this group. Naval divers from this group are also regularly sent overseas for training, and may also be invited to attend the United States Navy's Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) course. In 2001, Captain Wong Foo Chan, who was from the Special Warfare Group, became the first foreigner to top his class in the Green Berets course, and received a commendation medal for this achievement.
The group's insignia of the shows an anchor, re-breather and trident over a pair of bat wings, with the motto: "Will to Do, Spirit to Dare".
Career Paths.
After the Combat Diver Course is over, naval divers may split two possible career paths, which are the Specialist Career Path and the Officer Career Path.
In the Specialist Career Path, trainees will go through Combat Advanced Skills Training for a month, training in basic land combat. They will then be in the Special Forces Qualification Course for 9 months to be trained in combat diving, free-fall, and advanced demolitions, to deal with the full spectrum of special operations. The final course will be the four-month Special Warfare Course, where trainees will learn skills to be a part of the Special Warfare Group.
In the Officer Career Path, trainees will be trained in leadership and mission planning. The trainees will be trained at the Officer Cadet School for nine months. The trainees will get to train on board one of the RSN's vessels. After which, they will go through the Naval Diver Professional Phase.
In popular culture.
The unit was the subject of the 2015 Jack Neo film "". Prior to the film's release, there was little public awareness about the unit. It was filmed on location at the NDU headquarters in Sembawang Camp and some of the trainees and instructors participated in minor roles and as technical consultants.