Somerton, Philadelphia

Somerton is a neighborhood in the Far Northeast section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The neighborhood is bounded by Red Lion Road on the south, Roosevelt Boulevard on the east, East County Line Road and Poquessing Creek on the north, and the Philadelphia County / Montgomery County line on the west. Somerton is adjacent to the Philadelphia neighborhoods of Bustleton, Normandy, and Byberry, the townships of Bensalem and Lower Southampton in Bucks County, and Lower Moreland Township in Montgomery County. The area is home to a large and fast-growing foreign-born population, most notably of Russian and Indian immigrants.
The United States Postal Service operates the Somerton Finance Station at 665 Hendrix Street, however, all mail for the 19116 ZIP code is delivered by the Bustleton Post Office, located at 9925 Bustleton Avenue in Bustleton.
History.
Somerton was originally called Smithfield, a village in Moreland Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. Somerton was named for Jacob Sommer, whose family lived in the area for four generations.
The Somerton name appeared as the name of the local post office in 1830, though some maps in the 1840s continued to show the place name as "Smithfield or Somerton". By the 1850s, maps showed the area solely as Somerton.
Neighborhoods and subdivisions.
Old Somerton, generally north of Byberry Road consists of many larger pre-1900 as well as newer mid-sized homes.
Londontown is a small section of Somerton between the train tracks on Southampton Road and Carter Road.
Tudor Village consists of the area west of Southampton Road, west of the train tracks, and east of Worthington Road. Most of the houses were constructed by an Estonian man named Uno Kallaste, who left a street bearing his surname. Streets in Tudor Village bear the names of his family members, notably Ina (pronounced EE-na) Drive named after Uno's wife.
Lumar Park is an area one mile south of Somerton, west of Bustleton Ave, north of Tomlinson Rd, south of the line of the proposed Woodhaven Road, built in 1950-1951. Somerton Terrace, is just south of Lumar Park, built in 1952-1954.The ground for these homes was owned by the Roberts family. The upper end blocks of the 500 blocks of Selma and Burgess Streets, near Bustleton Pike, had several homes built in the 1920s.
Brentwood, built in 1958 (up to 1960 for Barlow Street and Stevens Road), lies east of Bustleton Avenue, south of the line of Woodhaven Road, and north of Lorraine Gardens.
Lorraine Gardens, built in 1950-1951 is south of Brentwood, north of Tomlinson Road and east of Bustleton Avenue.
Westwood, built in 1966-1967, is an area south and west of the intersection of Bustleton and Byberry Roads.
Philmont Heights, built in 1970-1972 (including the subdivision of Georgetown), is generally south and west of Lumar Park. Isidore Strittmuller's farm, as well as the land of George Snyder, was developed into this area.
Camelot is a subdivision north and west of Red Lion Road and Haldeman Ave.
Georgetown is not a subdivision of Philmont Heights. Georgetown twins were much larger than the twins or many duplexes of Philmont Heights. Original homes built by Korman, in 1969. Area is Tomlinson Road, Greiner Road, Rennard Street, Larkspur Street, Gardner Road, Regina Road, amongst others.
Timberwalk, built in 1986, located east of George Washington high school.
Somerton is home to Philadelphia's Somerton Tank Farms (tanks built 1954-1955), an experiment in Urban Farming.
The Budd Company's Airstrip was located south and west of the Somerton Tank Farm. One runway ran southwest from the present intersection of Kevin Ct. and Tomlinson Rd. to near Red Lion Road; the other ran northwest from behind the Budd Plant to beyond the Philadelphia city limits into Lower Moreland Township, Montgomery County. The runways were built around 1942-1945 and were decommissioned by the early 1960s. Trenches were dug across the runways every 1000 feet to eliminate the activities of drag-racing enthusiasts and to stop the practice of racing and then abandoning stolen cars.
The Philadelphia State Hospital was located at the northwest corner of Roosevelt Blvd. and Southampton Road from the early 1900s until it was decommissioned in the late 1980s through the 1990s.
Education.
Public.
The historic Watson Comly School, built 1892-1893, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Private.
Calvary Christian Academy, 13500 Philmont Ave. 
Libraries.
The Free Library of Philadelphia operates the Bustleton Branch at 10199 Bustleton Avenue at Verree Road, near George Washington High School.

Pintupi dialect

Pintupi () is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Wati languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family. It is one of the varieties of the Western Desert Language (WDL).
Pintupi is a variety of the Western Desert Language spoken by indigenous people whose traditional lands are in the area between Lake Macdonald and Lake Mackay, stretching from Mount Liebig in the Northern Territory to Jupiter Well (west of Pollock Hills) in Western Australia. These people moved (or were forced to move) into the indigenous communities of Papunya and Haasts Bluff in the west of the Northern Territory in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi people to leave their traditional lifestyle in the desert came into Kiwirrkura in 1984. Over recent decades they have moved back into their traditional country, setting up the communities of Kintore (in Pintupi known as "Walungurru") in the Northern Territory, Kiwirrkura and Jupiter Well (in Pintupi "Puntutjarrpa") in Western Australia.
Children who were born in Papunya and Haasts Bluff grew up speaking a new variety of Pintupi, now known as Pintupi-Luritja, due to their close contact with speakers of Arrernte, Warlpiri and other varieties of the WDL. This has continued through the moves west so that most Pintupi people today speak Pintupi-Luritja, although there remains a clear distinction between the more western and eastern varieties.
Pintupi is one of the healthier Aboriginal languages and is taught to local children in schools.
Phonology.
The phonology of Pintupi has been described by K. C. and L. E. Hansen based on fieldwork conducted in Papunya, Northern Territory in 1967–68.
Consonants.
Pintupi has 17 consonant phonemes. The symbols used in the practical orthography are shown in brackets where they differ from the IPA symbols.
The lamino-alveolars are frequently palatalised, and often has an affricated allophone .
The trill usually has a single contact (i.e. a flap ) in ordinary speech, but multiple contacts (a true trill) in slow, emphatic, or angry speech. The retroflex approximant may also be realised as a flap .
Hansen and Hansen (1969) refer to the retroflex consonants as "apico-domal".
Vowels.
Pintupi has six vowel phonemes, three long and three short. All are monophthongal at the phonemic level. Again, the symbols used in the practical orthography are shown enclosed in brackets where they differ from the phonemic symbols.
The short vowel phonemes are devoiced when word-final at the end of a clause, as in 'he finally (came) to camp', 'we all (brought) water for him', and 'it was close'.
Short vowels are rhotacised before retroflex consonants, as in 'tree (generic)', 'spear (one type)', and 'a shelter'.
The open vowel is diphthongised to and before and respectively, as in 'pare (it)' and 'cold ashes'.
Orthography.
An orthography was developed by the Hansens and is used in their publications, which include a dictionary, a grammar sketch and bible portions. This orthography is also used in the bilingual school, and especially in the school's Literature Production Centre. The orthography is shown in the above tables of consonants and vowels.
Phonotactics.
Pintupi has only two possible syllable types: CV (a consonant followed by a vowel) and CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant). In the middle of a word, and may appear in the syllable coda only when followed by a homorganic plosive, as in 'left side' and 'mouse'. Otherwise, only coronal sonorants may appear in the syllable coda. All consonants except the apico-alveolars and may appear in word-initial position; only coronal sonorants (except ) may appear in word-final position. However, at the end of a clause, the syllable is added to consonant-final words, so consonants may not appear in clause-final position.
Short vowels may appear anywhere in the word; long vowels may appear only in the first syllable (which is stressed), as in 'eagle' and 'ignorant'.
Phonological processes.
When a suffix-initial follows a root-final consonant, the assimilates in place of articulation to the preceding consonant, as in → 'younger sibling (transitive subject)', → 'at the spirit ground'. However, the sequence undergoes coalescence and surfaces as simple , as in → 'at Tjintar'.
When two identical CV sequences meet at a word boundary, they undergo haplology and fuse into a single word in rapid speech, as in → 'climbed into the car' and → 'went around the middle'. When a lamino-alveolar consonant or is followed by in the last syllable of a word, and the next word begins with , the word-initial is deleted and the two adjacent -sounds merge into a long , as in → 'they all came' and → 'not west'.
Prosody.
Pintupi words are stressed on the first syllable. In careful speech, every second syllable after that (i.e. the third, fifth, seventh, etc.) may receive a secondary stress, but secondary stress never falls on the final syllable of the word, as in 'for the benefit of Tjakamara' and 'because of mother-in-law'. However, the particle (which indicates a change of subject) is not stressed when it is the first morpheme in a clause, as in '(he) went'.