
Gherla

Gherla (; ; ) is a municipality in Cluj County, Romania (in the historical region of Transylvania). It is located from Cluj-Napoca on the river Someșul Mic, and has a population of 20,203. Three villages are administered by the city: Băița (formerly "Chirău", and "Kérő" in Hungarian), Hășdate ("Szamoshesdát") and Silivaș ("Vizszilvás").
The city was formerly known as "Armenopolis" ( "Hayakaghak"; ; ) because it was populated by Armenians.
History.
A clay tablet containing a fragmentary Old Persian cuneiform of the Achaemenid king Darius I was found at Gherla in 1937. It may be connected to Darius I's epigraphic activities in relation to his Scythian campaign of 513 BC as reported by Herodotus.
The locality was first recorded in 1291 as a village named "Gherlahida," (probably derived from the Slavic word "grle", meaning "ford"). The second name was Armenian, Հայաքաղաք "Hayakaghak", meaning "Armenian city"; it took the Medieval Latin and Greek official name "Armenopolis", as well as the German alternative name "Armenierstadt". Later, the name "Szamosújvár" was used in official Hungarian records, meaning "the new town on the Someș". Before 1918, Gherla was part of the Kingdom of Hungary "comitatus" of Szolnok-Doboka. It was again part of Hungary between 1940 and until the end of World War II.
The modern city was built in the early 18th century by Armenians, successors of the Cilician Armenian diaspora, who had originally settled in Crimea and Moldavia, and moved to Transylvania sometime after 1650. After a two years' campaign by the Armenian-Catholic Bishop Oxendius Vărzărescu, they converted from the Armenian Apostolic Church to the Armenian Catholic Church.
Gherla is the seat of the Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Romania, as well as that of a Greek-Catholic diocese – the Cluj-Gherla Diocese (suffragan to the Greek-Catholic Archbishop of Alba Iulia and Făgăraș-Blaj, who resided in Blaj). In the center of the city lie the Saint Gregory the Illuminator and the Holy Trinity Armenian Cathedral. The main Armenian-Catholic church was built in 1792. The Greek Catholic diocese was created by the Papal Bull "Ad Apostolicam Sedem" of November 26, 1853, and the first bishop was Ioan Alexi.
A Habsburg fortress was built here and converted to a prison in 1785. During the Communist regime, the prison was used for political detainees ("see Gherla prison"). Today it is a Romanian high-security prison.
The town is often visited by Orthodox pilgrims on their way to the nearby village of Nicula and Nicula Monastery.
Gherla also had a significant Jewish population which was decimated during the Holocaust. After the war most of the remaining Jewish population left the city. The Synagogue and the Holocaust Memorial Monument are visited by tourists from many countries.
Population.
According to the 2011 Romanian census, there were 20,982 people living within the city, as follows: