Shahin Dezh

Shahin Dezh (; also Romanized as Shāhīn Dezh; also known as Şā’īn Dezh, Shahindej, and Sahin Dazh; formerly, Sāīn Kale, and Şā’īn Qal‘eh) is the capital city of Shahin Dezh County, in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 43،852, with 8,671 families.
Shahin Dezh is located about 1,300 meters in elevation. The city is on the Zarrineh River, southeast of Lake Urmia.
History.
The modern town of Shahin Dezh was formerly known as Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh. The name Ṣāʾīn (also spelled Sāīn, Shahin, etcetera.) is derived from the Mongol "sayin", which translates as "good". 
The local Turkic Afshars, a segment of which had to migrate to Urmia in order to make room for the Chardawri (Chardowli) Lurs, were brought to the area at the beginning of the 19th century by Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1797–1834). The chief of the Chardowli's lived at Mahmuddjik and was the commander of men. In 1830, Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh was sacked by Kurds led by Sheikh Ubeydullah. In 19th century Qajar Iran, Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh was the site of an Iranian military garrison, and it guarded the entance to the Azerbaijan Province through the Zarrineh valley. 
The ancient Karaftu caves, first described by Robert Ker Porter (1777–1842), and the old site of Takht-e Soleyman were formerly located in the territory of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh. The lake of Chamli Göl, near the village of Badarli with its floating island were likewise well known at the time. Some of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh belonged to the Yarsanism sect. 
The old site of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh is now occupied by the modern town of Shahin Dezh, which is also the chef-lieu of Shahin Dezh County. In , its population was 3,170 which by 1991 had increased to 25,050. 
The fortress of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh must not be confused with the similarly named fortress on the Abhar river to the east of Soltaniyeh, which was mentioned by Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281 – after 1339/40).