Carl Shapiro

Carl Shapiro (born 20 March 1955) is the Transamerica Professor of Business Strategy at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the co-author, along with Hal Varian, of "Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy", published by the Harvard Business School Press. On February 23, 2011, "The Wall Street Journal" reported that President Barack Obama intended to nominate Shapiro to his Council of Economic Advisers.
Shapiro served as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Economics in the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (1995–1996). He is a Senior Consultant with Charles River Associates and has consulted extensively for a wide range of private clients as well as for the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission.
Shapiro was again the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Economics of the Antitrust division of the Justice Department from 2009-2011.
Shapiro holds a BS in mathematics and a BS in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an MA in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley, and a PhD in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He also coined the term essential patent to cover a patent that was required to practice a given industry standard.