Mass No. 2 (Bruckner)

The Mass No. 2 in E minor, WAB 27, by Anton Bruckner is a setting of the mass ordinary for eight-part mixed choir and fifteen wind instruments.
History.
The bishop of Linz, Franz-Josef Rudigier, had already commissioned a Festive cantata from Bruckner in 1862 to celebrate the laying of the foundation stone of the new cathedral, the Maria-Empfängnis-Dom. In 1866, he asked Bruckner for a mass to celebrate the accomplishment of the construction of the Votive Chapel of the new cathedral. Because of a delay in completing the construction, the celebration of the dedication didn't take place until three years later, on 29 September 1869 on the "Neuer Domplatz". The performers were the Liedertafel "Frohsinn", the "Sängerbund" and "Musikverein" of Linz, and the wind band of the "k.k. Infanterieregiment" 'Ernst Ludwig, Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein Nr. 14'. The manuscript and the "" are archived in the episcopate of Linz.
Bruckner subjected the work to far-reaching revision in 1869, 1876, and 1882. The second version of 1882 was performed on 4 October 1885 in the Alter Dom, Linz by the Liedertafel "Frohsinn", the "Sängerbund" and "Musikverein" of Linz under the baton of Adalbert Schreyer.
Versions and editions.
Two versions of the mass are available:
The second version is slightly (26-bar) longer: 753 versus 727 bars. The differences among the two versions concern as well the phrasing as the accompaniment, mainly during the "Credo" and the "Benedictus". As for the symphonies, the first version constitutes the raw material and sounds less polished, mainly during the orchestral transitions, than the later version. The about 150 differences among the two versions are described in detail at the end of the score of the 1882 version.
Setting.
The piece is composed for eight-part mixed choir and wind instruments (2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets and 3 trombones).
It is based strongly on old-church music tradition, and particularly old Gregorian style singing. The "Kyrie" is almost entirely made up of "a cappella" singing for eight voices. The "Gloria" ends with a fugue, as in Bruckner's other masses. In the Sanctus, Bruckner uses a theme from Palestrina's Missa Brevis.
According to the Catholic practice – as also in Bruckner’s preceding "Messe für den Gründonnerstag", "Missa solemnis" and Mass No. 1 – the first verse of the "Gloria" and the "Credo" is not composed and has to be intoned by the priest in Gregorian mode before the choir goes on.
The setting is divided into six parts.
Total duration: about 40 minutes
Previously Bruckner had been criticized for "simply writing symphonies with liturgical text," and although the Cecilians were not entirely happy with the inclusion of wind instruments, "Franz Xaver Witt loved it, no doubt rationalizing the use of wind instruments as necessary under the circumstances of outdoor performance for which Bruckner wrote the piece."The Mass in E minor ... is a work without parallel in either 19th- or 20th-century church music. … Even as Bishop Rudigier was laying the foundation stone for a new cathedral, Bruckner too was beginning to raise a cathedral in music.
Selected discography.
Version 1 (1866).
There is only one recording of a music-school performance:
A live-performance by Hans-Christoph Rademann with the RIAS Choir (23 June 2013) is put in the Bruckner archive (CD - Charter Oak COR-1904).
Version 2 (1882).
About 100 recordings of Bruckner's Mass No. 2 have been issued. The first recording of the mass was by Hermann Odermatt with the Gregorius-Chor and Orchester der Liebfrauenkirche, Zürich in 1930 (78 rpm Christschall 37-41).
Of the recordings from the LP era, Eugen Jochum's recording with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus on Deutsche Grammophon has been remastered to CD. Matthew Best's more recent recording with the Corydon Singers has been critically acclaimed. Other excellent recordings, according to Hans Roelofs, are "i.a." those by Roger Norrington, Hellmut Wormsbächer, Philippe Herreweghe, Simon Halsey, Frieder Bernius, Ingemar Månsson, Helmuth Rilling, Marcus Creed, Winfried Toll and Otto Kargl.