G minor

G minor is a minor scale based on G, consisting of the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Its key signature has two flats. Its relative major is B-flat major and its parallel major is G major.
The G natural minor scale is:
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
\relative c" {
 \clef treble \key g \minor \time 7/4
 g4^\markup "G natural minor scale" a bes c d es f g f es d c bes a g
 \clef bass \key g \minor
</score>
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The G harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
\relative c" {
 \clef treble \key g \minor \time 7/4
 g4^\markup "G harmonic minor scale" a bes c d es fis g fis es d c bes a g
</score>
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
\relative c" {
 \clef treble \key g \minor \time 7/4
 g4^\markup "G melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" a bes c d e fis g f! es! d c bes a g
</score>
Mozart's use of G minor.
G minor has been considered the key through which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart best expressed sadness and tragedy, and many of his minor key works are in G minor, such as the Piano Quartet No. 1 and the String Quintet in G minor. Though Mozart touched on various minor keys in his symphonies, G minor is the only minor key he used as a main key for his numbered symphonies (No. 25, and the famous No. 40). In the Classical period, symphonies in G minor almost always used four horns, two in G and two in B alto. Another convention of G minor symphonies observed in Mozart's No. 25 and Mozart's No. 40 was the choice of E-flat major, the subdominant of the relative major B, for the slow movement, with other examples including Joseph Haydn's No. 39 and Johann Baptist Wanhal's G-minor symphony from before 1771.