Laurie Anderson

Laura Phillips Anderson (born June 5, 1947) is an American avant-garde artist, composer, musician and film director whose work spans performance art, pop music, and multimedia projects. Initially trained in violin and sculpting, Anderson pursued a variety of performance art projects in New York during the 1970s, focusing particularly on language, technology, and visual imagery. She became more widely known outside the art world when her single "O Superman" reached number two on the UK singles chart in 1981. She also starred in and directed the 1986 concert film "Home of the Brave".
Anderson is a pioneer in electronic music and has invented several devices that she has used in her recordings and performance art shows. In 1977, she created a tape-bow violin that uses recorded magnetic tape on the bow instead of horsehair and a magnetic tape head in the bridge. In the late 1990s, she collaborated with Interval Research to develop an instrument she called a "talking stick", a long baton-like MIDI controller that can access and replicate sounds.
Anderson met singer-songwriter Lou Reed in 1992, and she was married to him from April 2008 until his death in 2013.
Early life and education.
Anderson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, on June 5, 1947, the daughter of Mary Louise (née Rowland) and Arthur T. Anderson. She graduated from Glenbard West High School. She attended Mills College in California, and eventually graduated in 1969 from Barnard College with a B.A. "magna cum laude" and Phi Beta Kappa, studying art history. In 1972, she obtained an M.F.A. in sculpture from Columbia University. Her first performance-art piece—a symphony played on automobile horns—was performed in 1969. In 1970, she drew the underground comix "Baloney Moccasins", which was published by George DiCaprio. In the early 1970s, she worked as an art instructor, as an art critic for magazines such as "Artforum", and illustrated children's books—the first of which was titled "The Package", a mystery story in pictures alone.
She lives in Tribeca.
Career.
1970s.
Anderson performed in New York during the 1970s. One of her most-cited performances, "Duets on Ice", which she conducted in New York and other cities around the world, involved her playing the violin along with a recording while wearing ice skates with the blades frozen into a block of ice; the performance ended only when the ice had melted away. Two early pieces, "New York Social Life" and "Time to Go", are included in the 1977 compilation "New Music for Electronic and Recorded Media", along with works by Pauline Oliveros and others. Two other pieces were included on "Airwaves", a collection of audio pieces by various artists. She also recorded a lecture for "Vision", a set of artist's lectures released by Crown Point Press as a set of 6 LPs.
Many of Anderson's earliest recordings remain unreleased, or were only issued in limited quantities, such as her first single, "It's Not the Bullet that Kills You (It's the Hole)". That song, along with "New York Social Life" and about a dozen others, were originally recorded for use in an art installation that consisted of a jukebox that played the different Anderson compositions, at the Holly Solomon Gallery in New York City. Among the musicians on these early recordings are Peter Gordon on saxophone, Scott Johnson on guitar, Ken Deifik on harmonica, and Joe Kos on drums. Photographs and descriptions of many of these early performances were included in Anderson's retrospective book, "Stories from the Nerve Bible".
During the late 1970s, Anderson made a number of additional recordings that were released either privately or included on compilations of avant-garde music, most notably releases by the Giorno Poetry Systems label run by New York poet John Giorno, an early intimate of Andy Warhol. Among the Giorno-released recordings was "You're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With", a double-album shared with Giorno and William Burroughs (the original release had one LP side for each artist, with the fourth side triple-grooved, one for each, so the listener would hear a different track, depending on the position of the needle). In 1978, she performed at The Nova Convention, a major conference involving many counter-culture figures and rising avant-garde musical stars, including William S. Burroughs, Philip Glass, Frank Zappa, Timothy Leary, Malcolm Goldstein, John Cage, and Allen Ginsberg. She also worked with comedian Andy Kaufman in the late 1970s.
1980s.
In 1980 Anderson was awarded an honorary doctorate from the San Francisco Art Institute. In 1982 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts—Film. In 1987 Anderson was awarded an honorary doctorate in the fine arts from the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.
Anderson became widely known outside the art world in 1981 with the single "O Superman", originally released in a limited quantity by B. George's One Ten Records, which ultimately reached number two in the British charts. The sudden influx of orders from the UK (prompted partly by British station BBC Radio 1 playlisting the record) led to Anderson signing a seven-album deal with Warner Bros. Records, which re-released the single.
"O Superman" was part of a larger stage work titled "United States" and was included on the album "Big Science". Prior to the release of "Big Science", Anderson returned to Giorno Poetry Systems to record the album "You're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With"; Anderson recorded one side of the double-LP set, with William S. Burroughs and John Giorno recording a side each, and the fourth side featured a separate groove for each artist. This was followed by the back-to-back releases of her albums "Mister Heartbreak" and "United States Live", the latter of which was a five-LP (and, later, 4-CD) recording of her two-evening stage show at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. She also appeared in a television special produced by Nam June Paik broadcast on New Year's Day 1984, entitled "Good Morning, Mr. Orwell".
She next starred in and directed the 1986 concert film "Home of the Brave" and also composed the soundtracks for the Spalding Gray films "Swimming to Cambodia" and "Monster in a Box". During this time she also contributed music to Robert Wilson's "Alcestis" at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She also hosted the PBS series "Alive from Off Center" during 1987, after having produced the short film "What You Mean We?" for the series the year before. "What You Mean We?" introduced a new character played by Anderson: "The Clone", a digitally-altered masculine counterpart to Anderson who later "co-hosted" with her when she did her presenting stint on "Alive from Off Center". Elements of The Clone were later incorporated into the titular "puppet" of her later work, "Puppet Motel". In that year, she also appeared on Peter Gabriel's album "So", in the song "This is the Picture (Excellent Birds)".
Release of Anderson's first post-"Home of the Brave" album, 1989's "Strange Angels", was delayed for more than a year in order for Anderson to take singing lessons. This was due to the album being more musically inclined (in terms of singing) than her previous works. The single "Babydoll" was a moderate hit on the Modern Rock Charts in 1989.
1990s.
In 1991, she was a member of the jury at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival. In the same year, Anderson appeared in "The Human Face", a feature arts documentary directed by artist-filmmakers Nichola Bruce and Michael Coulson for BBC television. Anderson was the presenter in this documentary on the history of the face in art and science. Her face was transformed using latex masks and digital special effects as she introduced ideas about the relationship between physiognomy and perception. Her varied career in the early 1990s included voice-acting in the animated film "The Rugrats Movie". In 1994 she created a CD-ROM titled "Puppet Motel", which was followed by "Bright Red", co-produced by Brian Eno, and another spoken-word album, "The Ugly One with the Jewels". This was then followed by an appearance on the 1997 charity single "Perfect Day".
In 1996, Anderson performed with Diego Frenkel (La Portuária) and Aterciopelados for the AIDS benefit album "" produced by the Red Hot Organization.
An interval of more than half a decade followed before her next album release. During this time, she wrote a supplemental article on the cultural character of New York City for the "Encyclopædia Britannica" and created a number of multimedia presentations, most notably one inspired by "Moby-Dick" ("Songs and Stories from Moby Dick", 1999–2000). One of the central themes in Anderson's work is exploring the effects of technology on human relationships and communication.
Starting in the 1990s, Anderson and Lou Reed, whom she met in 1992, collaborated on a number of recordings together. Reed contributed to the tracks "In Our Sleep" from Anderson's "Bright Red", "One Beautiful Evening" from Anderson's "Life on a String", and "My Right Eye" and "Only an Expert" from Anderson's "Homeland", which Reed also co-produced. Anderson contributed to the tracks "Call on Me" from Reed's collaborative project "The Raven", "Rouge" and "Rock Minuet" from Reed's "Ecstasy", and "Hang on to Your Emotions" from Reed's "Set the Twilight Reeling".
2000s.
"Life on a String" appeared in 2001, by which time she signed a new contract with another Warner Music label, Nonesuch Records. "Life on a String" was a mixture of new works (including one song recalling the death of her father) and works from the "Moby Dick" presentation. In 2001, she recorded the audiobook version of Don DeLillo's novel "The Body Artist". Anderson went on tour performing a selection of her best-known musical pieces in 2001. One of these performances was recorded in New York City a week after the September 11, 2001, attacks, and included a performance of "O Superman". This concert was released in early 2002 as the double CD "Live in New York".
In 2003, Anderson became NASA's first artist-in-residence, which inspired her performance piece "The End of the Moon". She mounted a succession of themed shows and composed a piece for Expo 2005 in Japan. In 2005, Anderson visited Russia's space programme—the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre and mission control—with The Arts Catalyst and took part in The Arts Catalyst's Space Soon event at the Roundhouse to reflect on her experiences. She was part of the team that created the opening ceremony for the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. Later that year, she collaborated with the choreographer Trisha Brown and filmmaker Agnieszka Wojtowicz-Vosloo on the acclaimed multimedia project "O Zlozony/O Composite" for the Paris Opera Ballet. The ballet premiered at the Opera Garnier in Paris in December 2004.
In 2005, her exhibition "The Waters Reglitterized" opened at the Sean Kelly Gallery in New York City. According to the press release by Sean Kelly, the work is a diary of dreams and their literal recreation as works of art. This work, created in the process of re-experiencing or re-working her dreams while awake, uses the language of dreams to investigate the dream itself. The resulting pieces include drawings, prints, and high-definition video. The installation ran until October 22, 2005.
In 2006, Anderson was awarded a Residency at the American Academy in Rome. She narrated Ric Burns' "", which was first televised in September 2006 as part of the PBS "American Masters" series. She contributed a song to "Plague Songs", a collection of songs related to the 10 Biblical plagues. Anderson also performed in Came So Far for Beauty, the Leonard Cohen tribute event held in the Point Theatre, Dublin, Ireland, on October 4–5, 2006. In November 2006, she published a book of drawings based on her dreams, entitled "Night Life".
Material from "Homeland" was performed at small work-in-progress shows in New York throughout May 2007, most notably at the Highline Ballroom on May 17–18, supported by a 4-piece band with spontaneous lighting and video visuals mixed live throughout the performances by Willie Williams and Mark Coniglio, respectively. A European tour of the "Homeland" work in progress then took place, including performances on September 28 and 29, 2007, at the Olympia Theatre, Dublin; on October 17–19 at the Melbourne International Arts Festival; in Russia at the Moscow Dom Muzyky concert-hall on April 26, 2008. The work was performed across the Atlantic in Toronto, Canada, June 14, 2008, with husband Lou Reed, making the "Lost Art of Conversation" a duet with vocals and guitar, with his ambling style contrasting with Anderson's tightly wound performance. Anderson's "Homeland Tour" performed at several locations across the United States as well, such as at the Ferst Center for the Arts, Atlanta, Georgia; The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, New York City; and Harris Theater for Music and Dance in Millennium Park, Chicago, Illinois, co-presented by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.
2010s.
In February 2010, Laurie Anderson premiered a new theatrical work, entitled "Delusion", at the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games. This piece was commissioned by the Vancouver 2010 Cultural Olympiad and the Barbican Centre, London. Anderson was honored with the Women's Project Theater Woman of Achievement Award in March 2010. In May/June 2010, Anderson curated the Vivid Live festival in Sydney, Australia together with Lou Reed. Her new album "Homeland" was released on June 22. She performed "Only an Expert" on July 15, 2010, on the "Late Show with David Letterman", and her song "Gravity's Angel" was featured on the Fox TV show "So You Think You Can Dance" the same day. She appears as a guest musician on several tracks from experimental jazz musician Colin Stetson's 2011 album "".
Anderson developed a theatrical work, entitled "Another Day in America". The first public showings of this work-in-progress took place in Calgary, Alberta, in January 2012 as part of Theatre Junction Grand's 2011–12 season and One Yellow Rabbit's annual arts festival, the High Performance Rodeo. Anderson was named the Inaugural Distinguished Artist-In-Residence at The Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC) at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, in May 2012. In March 2013, an exhibition of Anderson's work entitled "Laurie Anderson: Language of the Future, selected works 1971–2013" at the Samstag Museum was part of the Adelaide Festival of the Arts in Adelaide, South Australia. Anderson performed her "Duets on Ice" outside the Samstag on opening night.
Anderson received the Honorary Doctor of Arts from the Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in 2013. In June/July 2013, Anderson performed "The Language of the Future" and guest curate at the River to River Festival in New York City. In November 2013 she was the featured Guest of Honor at the B3 Biennale of the Moving Image in Frankfurt, Germany In 2018, Anderson contributed vocals to a re-recording of the David Bowie song "Shining Star (Makin' My Love)", originally from Bowie's 1987 album "Never Let Me Down". She was asked to join the production by producer Mario J. McNulty, who knew that Anderson and Bowie were friends.
On February 10, 2019, at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, held in Los Angeles, Anderson and Kronos Quartet's "Landfall" won the Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music / Small Ensemble Performance. It was Anderson's first collaboration with Kronos Quartet and her first Grammy award, and was the second Grammy for Kronos. Inspired by her experience of Hurricane Sandy, Nonesuch Records said ""Landfall" juxtaposes lush electronics and traditional strings by Kronos with Anderson's powerful descriptions of loss, from water-logged pianos to disappearing animal species to Dutch karaoke bars."
"Chalkroom" is a virtual reality work by Laurie Anderson and Taiwanese artist Hsin-Chien Huang in which the reader flies through an enormous structure made of words, drawings and stories. "To the Moon", a collaboration with Hsin-Chien Huang, premiered at the Manchester International Festival on July 12, 2019. A 15-minute virtual reality artwork, "To the Moon" allows audience members to explore a moon that features donkey rides and rubbish from Earth, in a non-narrative structure. Alongside, a film shows the development of the new work.
2020s.
Laurie Anderson was appointed the 2021 Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry at Harvard University and is presenting a series of six lectures entitled, "Spending the War Without You: Virtual Backgrounds", over the course of the Spring and Fall semester.
Inventions.
Anderson has invented several experimental musical instruments that she has used in her recordings and performances.
Tape-bow violin.
The tape-bow violin is an instrument created by Laurie Anderson in 1977. It uses recorded magnetic tape in place of the traditional horsehair in the bow, and a magnetic tape head in the bridge. Anderson has updated and modified this device over the years. She can be seen using a later generation of this device in her film "Home of the Brave" during the "Late Show" segment in which she manipulates a sentence recorded by William S. Burroughs. This version of the violin discarded magnetic tape and instead used MIDI-based audio samples, triggered by contact with the bow.
Talking stick.
The talking stick is a 6-foot-long baton-like MIDI controller. It was used in the "Moby-Dick" tour in 1999–2000. She described it in program notes as follows:
Voice filters.
A recurring motif in Anderson's work is the use of an electric pitch shifting voice filter which deepens her voice into a masculine register, a technique which Anderson has referred to as "audio drag". Anderson has long used the resulting character in her work as a "voice of authority" or conscience, although she later decided that the voice had lost much of its authority and instead began utilizing the voice to provide historical or sociopolitical commentary, as it is used on "Another Day in America", a piece from her 2010 album "Homeland".
For much of Anderson's career, the voice was nameless or called the Voice of Authority, although more recently, it was dubbed Fenway Bergamot at Lou Reed's suggestion. The cover of "Homeland" depicts Anderson in character as Bergamot, with streaks of black makeup to give her a moustache and thick, masculine eyebrows.
In "The Cultural Ambassador", a piece on her album "The Ugly One with the Jewels", Anderson explained some of her perspective on the character:
Discography.
Singles.
The single "Sharkey's Day" was for many years the theme song of Lifetime Television. Anderson also recorded a number of limited-release singles in the late 1970s (many issued from the Holly Soloman Gallery), songs from which were included on a number of compilations, including Giorno Poetry Systems' "The Nova Convention" and "You're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With". Over the years she has performed on recordings by other musicians such as Peter Gabriel, Lou Reed, and Jean Michel Jarre. She also contributed lyrics to the Philip Glass album "Songs from Liquid Days", and contributed a spoken-word piece to a tribute album in honor of John Cage.
Music videos.
Formal music videos have been produced for:
In addition, in lieu of making another music video for her "Strange Angels" album, Anderson taped a series of 1- to 2-minute "Personal Service Announcements" in which she spoke about issues such as the U.S. national debt and the arts scene. Some of the music used in these productions came from her soundtrack of "Swimming to Cambodia". The PSAs were frequently shown between music videos on VH-1 in early 1990.
Legacy.
In 2013, Dale Eisinger of "Complex" ranked "United States" as the third greatest work of performance art ever, with the writer arguing that Anderson is "able to ascertain just exactly the climate of life in the United States, without being so punctuated that it causes a standoff. Perhaps the zenith of this configuration was her multimedia performance, 'United States I – IV.' [...] [Anderson displays] her vast, incisive range of talents on the 'United States Live' recordings."