Radetzky March

"Radetzky March", Op. 228, is a march composed by Johann Strauss Sr. and dedicated to Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz. First performed on 31 August 1848 in Vienna, it soon became popular among regimented marching soldiers. It has been noted that its tone is more celebratory than martial; Strauss was commissioned to write the piece to commemorate Radetzky's victory at the Battle of Custoza.
Origin.
Strauss had already used the theme in his "Jubel-Quadrille", Op. 130; the upbeat bears considerable resemblance to the second theme from the Allegro in Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 100 composed in 1794. The rhythmic pattern—three anapaests, one iamb—has since then been popularised by numerous parody versions.
For the trio, Strauss used an older folk melody called "Alter Tanz aus Wien" or "Tinerl-Lied" (Tinerl was a contemporary Viennese songstress) which was originally in 3/4 time. When Radetzky came back to Vienna after winning the battle of Custoza (1848), his soldiers were singing the then-popular song. Allegedly Strauss heard this singing and incorporated the melody, converted to 2/4 time, into the "Radetzky March".
Reception.
Along with the Blue Danube waltz by Johann Strauss Jr., the piece became an unofficial Austrian national anthem. In 1932 Joseph Roth published his novel "Radetzky March", chronicling the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Today, the theme is used in numerous promotional jingles and at major sport events, in particular at football matches of the Austrian national team. Since 1896, the "Radetzky" has been the official presentation march of the Chilean Army's Military School of the Liberator Bernardo O'Higgins. The 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards of the United Kingdom adopted the "Radetzky March" as its regimental quick march.
When it was first played in front of Austrian officers, they spontaneously clapped and stamped their feet when they heard the chorus. This tradition, with quiet rhythmic clapping on the first iteration of the melody, followed by thunderous clapping on the second, is often observed when the march is played in classical music venues in an orchestral version prepared by Leopold Weninger (1879–1940). 
Since first introduced in 1946 by conductor Joseph Krips during the New Year's Concert ("Neujahrskonzert") of the Vienna Philharmonic it is always played as a jubilant encore. It was announced in 2019 by the Vienna Philharmonic board of directors that a new version would be used that would replace the Weninger arrangement in an attempt to "de-Nazify" the march. The new arrangement was heard New Year's Day 2020.
Piece parts.
The "Radetzky March" consists of three main parts:
Bibliography.
Jeroen H.C. Tempelman, "On the "Radetzky March"", "Vienna Music", no. 99 (Summer 2000), pp. 12–13