Iitaka dimension

In algebraic geometry, the Iitaka dimension of a line bundle "L" on an algebraic variety "X" is the dimension of the image of the rational map to projective space determined by "L". This is 1 less than the dimension of the section ring of "L"
The Iitaka dimension of "L" is always less than or equal to the dimension of "X". If "L" is not effective, then its Iitaka dimension is usually defined to be formula_2 or simply said to be negative (some early references define it to be −1). The Iitaka dimension of "L" is sometimes called L-dimension, while the dimension of a divisor D is called D-dimension. The Iitaka dimension was introduced by .
Big line bundles.
A line bundle is big if it is of maximal Iitaka dimension, that is, if its Iitaka dimension is equal to the dimension of the underlying variety. Bigness is a birational invariant: If is a birational morphism of varieties, and if "L" is a big line bundle on "X", then "f"*"L" is a big line bundle on "Y".
All ample line bundles are big.
Big line bundles need not determine birational isomorphisms of "X" with its image. For example, if "C" is a hyperelliptic curve (such as a curve of genus two), then its canonical bundle is big, but the rational map it determines is not a birational isomorphism. Instead, it is a two-to-one cover of the canonical curve of "C", which is a rational normal curve.
Kodaira dimension.
The Iitaka dimension of the canonical bundle of a smooth variety is called its Kodaira dimension.
Iitaka conjecture.
Consider on complex algebraic varieties in the following.
Let K be the canonical bundle on M. The dimension of H0(M,Km), holomorphic sections of Km, is denoted by Pm(M), called m-genus. Let
then N(M) becomes to be all of the positive integer with non-zero m-genus. When N(M) is not empty, for formula_4 m-pluricanonical map formula_5 is defined as the map
where formula_7 are the bases of H0(M,Km). Then the image of formula_5, formula_9 is defined as the submanifold of formula_10.
For certain formula_11 let formula_12 be the m-pluricanonical map where W is the complex manifold embedded into projective space PN.
In the case of surfaces with κ(M)=1 the above W is replaced by a curve C, which is an elliptic curve (κ(C)=0). We want to extend this fact to the general dimension and obtain the analytic fiber structure depicted in the upper right figure.
Given a birational map formula_13, m-pluricanonical map brings the commutative diagram depicted in the left figure, which means that formula_14, i.e. m-pluricanonical genus is birationally invariant.
It is shown by Iitaka that given n-dimensional compact complex manifold "M" with its Kodaira dimension κ(M) satisfying 1 ≤ κ(M) ≤ n-1, there are enough large "m"1,"m"2 such that formula_15 and formula_16 are birationally equivalent, which means there are the birational map formula_17. Namely, the diagram depicted in the right figure is commutative.
Furthermore, one can select formula_18 that is birational with formula_19 and formula_20 that is birational with both formula_21 and formula_21 such that
is birational map, the fibers of formula_24 are simply connected and the general fibers of formula_24
have Kodaira dimension 0.
The above fiber structure is called the Iitaka fiber space. In the case of the surface S ("n" = 2 = dim(S)), W* is the algebraic curve, the fiber structure is of dimension 1, and then the general fibers have the Kodaira dimension 0 i.e. elliptic curve. Therefore, S is the elliptic surface. These fact can be generalized to the general "n". Therefore The study of the higher-dimensional birational geometry decompose to the part of κ=-∞,0,n and the fiber space whose fibers is of κ=0.
The following additional formula by Iitaka, called Iitaka conjecture, is important for the classification of algebraic varieties or compact complex manifolds.
This conjecture has been only partly solved, for example in the case of 
Moishezon manifolds. The classification theory might been said to be the effort to solve the Iitaka conjecture and lead another theorems that the three-dimensional variety V is abelian if and only if κ(V)=0 and q(V)=3 and its generalization so on. The minimal model program might be led from this conjecture.