Oscillatory integral operator

In mathematics, in the field of harmonic analysis, an oscillatory integral operator is an integral operator of the form
where the function "S(x,y)" is called the phase of the operator and the function "a(x,y)" is called the symbol of the operator. λ is a parameter. One often considers "S(x,y)" to be real-valued and smooth, and "a(x,y)" smooth and compactly supported. Usually one is interested in the behavior of "T"λ for large values of λ.
Oscillatory integral operators often appear in many fields of mathematics (analysis, partial differential equations, integral geometry, number theory) and in physics. Properties of oscillatory integral operators have been studied by Elias Stein and his school.
Hörmander's theorem.
The following bound on the "L"2 → "L"2 action of oscillatory integral operators (or "L"2 → "L"2 operator norm) was obtained by Lars Hörmander in his paper on Fourier integral operators:
Assume that "x,y" ∈ R"n", "n" ≥ 1. Let "S(x,y)" be real-valued and smooth, and let "a(x,y)" be smooth and compactly supported. If formula_2 everywhere on the support of "a(x,y)", then there is a constant "C" such that "T"λ, which is initially defined on smooth functions, extends to a continuous operator from "L"2(R"n") to "L"2(R"n"), with the norm bounded by formula_3, for any λ ≥ 1: